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Th9  Catholic 
Theological  Union  ^ 
LIBRARY 
Chkatpo,  IR^ 


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The 
Fortnightly  Review 


Founded,  Edited,  and  Pubhshed 

By 
ARTHUR   PREUSS 


THIRTY-SECOND  YEAR 

VOLUME  xxxn 

1925 


ST.  LOUIS,  MO. 

1925 


(t^lAAA  founds  a  PERPETUAL 
tplUlIU  BURSE  for  a  native 
African  Seminarian  educated  by  the 
Society  of  St.  Peter  Claver.  The  interest 
on  this  amount  supports  a  seminarian 
during  the  four  years  preparatory  to 
ordination;  another  succeeds  him  as 
beneficiary  of  the  Burse,  and  so  on  in 
perpetuity.  Those  contributing  to  this 
laudable  charity  will  ever  be  remem- 
bered in  the  Holy  Sacrifice  offered  by 
these   African  priests. 

Donations  of  any  amount  will  be 
gratefully  accepted. 

The  Sodality  of  St.  Peter  Claver  has 
two  open  burse  funds:  one  in  honor  of 
the  Sacred  Heart  and  one  in  honor  of 
Our  Lady  of  Victory. 

(Any  one  is  at  liberty  to  found  or 
give  a  burse  in  honor  of  any  saint  or 
in  memory  of  a   relative  or  friend.) 


Address:    Society  of  St.  Peter  Claver,  Fullerton  Bldg.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 


Victor  J.  Klutho  EMIL  FREI  ART  GLASS  CO. 


Architect  and 
Superintendent 

Churches,  Schools,  and  Institutions 

Syndicate  Trust  Building 
Tenth  and  Olive  Streets 
Saint    Louis,  Missouri 

Illinois  Licensed  Engineer 


MISSIONARY    SISTERS 

Numerous  Sisters  are  needed  in  our 
foreign  fields.  For  details  in  regard  to 
admission  into  the  Community  of  the  Mis- 
sionary. Sisters,  Servants  of  the  Holy 
Ghost,  write  to  Sister  Provincial,  Holy 
Ghost  Convent,   Techny,   111. 


Munich  Antique  Figure  Windows 
for  Churches  a  Specialty 

All     kinds     of     Glass     Painting 
Leaded    Glass   Mosaics 

3934  South  Grand  Blvd. 

ST.   LOUIS,   MO. 

WM.  KLOER 


Church   Decorator 


Painting  and  Gilding 
of  Statues  and  Altars 
Sceneries     for     Stages 

1715  Longfellow  Blvd.  St.  Louis,  Mo. 


5372 


V.3i 


The  Fortnightly  Review 


VOL.  XXXII,  NO.  1 


ST.  LOUIS,  MISSOUEI 


January  1st,  1925 


A  Proposal  for  Peace  Between  Protestants  and  Catholics 


The  Rev.  Frederick  Lynch,  editor 
of  the  Christian  Wo7'k,  of  New  York, 
in  Vol.  117,  No.  14  of  that  very  fair- 
minded  Protestant  religious  weekly, 
makes  a  strong  plea  for  peace  between 
Protestans  and  Catholics, — a  plea 
all  the  more  deserving  of  attention  be- 
cause Dr.  Lynch  not  only  pleads  for 
denominational  peace,  but  proposes  a 
practical  plan  for  bringing  it  about. 

"There  are  two  points,"  says  Dr. 
Lynch,  "on  which  the  Protestants  sus- 
pect the  Roman  Catholic  Church,  name- 
ly, aiming  after  political  supremacy  of 
the  Church  in  all  countries  and  the  at- 
tempt to  get  public  money  for  its 
private  schools.  There  are  many  in- 
cidental points  at  issue,  but  they  all 
come  back  to  these  two  points,  and 
were  there  complete  understanding 
here  there  would  be  little  trouble.  There 
is  some  Protestant  feeling  against  cer- 
tain religious  doctrines  held  by  Rome, 
but  the  real  trouble  is  not  here.  Most 
Protestants  are  ready  to  grant  the 
Catholic  the  right  to  believe  toward 
God  as  he  wills.  On  the  other  hand 
there  are  two  points  at  which  the  Ro- 
man Catholics  suspect  their  Protestant 
brethren,  namely,  that  they  are  out  to 
convert  Catholics  to  the  Protestant 
faith,  especially  in  Europe,  where  much 
American  money  is  being  spent,  and 
that  they  are  leagued  to  keep  Roman 
Catholics  from  their  rightful  place  in 
government  and  public  life.  There  is 
much  Roman  Catholic  dread  of  Prot- 
estantism because  of  the  fear  that  it  is 
the  enemy  of  real  religion.  (Most 
Protestants  do  not  realize  how  strong- 
ly the  Roman  Catholic  feels  on  this 
point.  He  thinks  Protestantism  is  the 
one  source  of  the  weakening  of  religion 
and  the  Church.  It  has  split  Chris- 
tianity up  into  a  lot  of  sects.  By  its 
easy  divorce   it  has  turned  marriage 


into  free  love.  It  has  destroyed  wor- 
ship and  reverence.  It  has  put  a  lot 
of  prohibitory  commands  that  have 
nothing  to  do  one  way  or  another  with 
religion  in  the  place  of  faith.  It  has 
run  into  heresy,  etc.)  Every  Catholic 
thinks  all  this  of  Protestantism  and 
fears  it  as  the  enemy  of  true  religion. 
But,  on  the  whole,  the  average  Catholic 
is  Avilling  the  Protestant  should  believe 
toward  God  as  he  wills.  The  real  dif- 
ficulty thus  goes  back  to  the  four  ques- 
tions we  mentioned  above. 

"Now  the  one  thing  to  do  at  once, 
and  it  is  the  only  way  out  of  the 
impasse,  is  to  bring  together  in  con- 
ference in  various  centers  of  America, 
the  leaders  of  the  two  communions  for 
two  purposes,  mutual  acquaintance  and 

mutual  expression The  conferees 

should  be  the  most  eminent  men  in  each 
communion  and  laymen  as  well  as  ec- 
clesiastics should  participate. 

"Such  conferences,  in  New  York, 
Boston,  Pittsburgh,  Buffalo,  Cleveland, 
Chicago,  and  other  cities  we  might 
mention,  might  begin  with  the  question 
of  the  schools.  Let  the  Roman  Cath- 
olics state  frankly  why  they  wish 
parochial  schools,  on  what  theory  they 
ask  for  public  money,  their  ideals  of 
education,  and  their  convictions  on  the 
necessity  of  linking  religion  with  edu- 
cation, which  they  undoubtedly  hold 
tenaciously.  Let  the  Protestants  be 
just  as  frank  in  stating  their  objections 
to  all  this  and  present  their  argument 
for  the  public  schools  and  their  theory 
of  education  divorced  from  the  Church. 
Let  each  side  be  allowed  to  ask  the  most 
searching  and  pertinent  questions.  The 
results  of  four  such  conferences  would 
change  the  whole  status  of  the  situation 
and  we  should  be  on  the  way  to  getting 
somewhere. 

"Then,   at  the  next  conference  the 


THE  FORTNIGPITLY  EEVIEW 


January  1 


matter  of  the  Church  and  its  relation 
to   politics   and   the   powers  that   be, 
should  be  taken  up.    Perhaps  it  might 
be   well   to   have    a   preliminary   con- 
ference on  the  nature  of  the  Church, 
but  above  all  let  the  Roman  Catholics 
say   what   they   mean   by   the   Pope's 
temporal  power  and  ultra-montanism, 
just   how   far   Rome   tries   to   control 
political   and   governmental   action   in 
countries  outside  of  Rome,   especially 
in  America.     Let  the  Protestants  lay 
before  the  Catholics  such  accusations 
as  Dr.  Tipple  puts  forth  in  his  book, 
'Alien  Rome,'   and  let   them   answer. 
It  would  be  very  interesting  and  clear 
the  air  w^onderfully  to  have  such  men 
as  Cardinal  Hayes,  Dr.  J.  J.  Walsh, 
Archbishop  Glennon,  Father  Tierney, 
editor  of  America,  and  Father  Ryan, 
answer  these  accusations  where  each 
side  could  speak  with  perfect  freedom. 
Ask     the     Roman     Catholics     openly 
whether  their   zeal   for   their    Church 
is   purely    for    its    spiritual   triumph. 
Ask    the    eminent    Catholics    present 
whether  the  Vatican  dictates  to  Ameri- 
can  Catholics   or  not  how  they  shall 
vote.     Ask  them  whether  a  Catholic's 
first  allegiance  is  to  his  Church  or  to 
his  country.    Hundreds  of  Protestants 
make   these   accusations.     Make   them 
directly  to  these  men  where  they  can 
have  a  chance  to  answer.     We  should 
think  they  would  be  glad  of  such  an 
opportunity.    Were  we  a  Catholic,  we 
should   welcome  it  gladly.      Then   let 
the  Protestants  state  their  theory  of 
Church   and    State,   followed   by   free 
discussion. 

"  As  we  said  above — and  few  Protes- 
tants know  this — the  Roman  Catholics 
are  just  as  suspicious  of  us  as  we  are 
of  them  and  if  one  of  our  readers 
should  live  among  Roman  Catholics  for 
a  while  he  would  hear  just  as  many 
fearful  and  terrible  things  said  of  us 
as  we  say  of  them.  So  let  the  next 
conference  be  one  where  they  could 
freely  question  us  on  the  matter  of 
proselytizing.  They  think  the  Prot- 
estant Church  is  out  to  proselytize  in 
Latin  America,  in  France,  in  Italy,  in 
other  lands.  Let  them  have  a  chance 
to  make  their  accusations  and  let  us 
have  a  chance  to  disabuse  their  minds. 


Perhaps  we  owe  it  to  them  to  tell  them 
why  we  are  in  Roman  Catholic  coun- 
tries. 

"The  fourth  conference  should  be 
devoted  to  the  accusation  the  Roman 
Catholics  are  making  that  Protestants 
are  leagued  together  to  keep  them  from 
their  lawful  political  rights  as  Ameri- 
can citizens.  Are  they  so  leagued  to- 
gether, and  if  they  are,  why?  What 
is  the  attitude  of  Protestants  as  a  whole 
to  such  anti-Catholic  movements  as  the 
Ku  Klux  Klan  ?  Are  they  in  sympathy 
with  it  or  not?  Most  Catholics  think 
they  are.  Let  all  organizations  be  free- 
ly ^^discussed — the  Knights  of  Columbus 
and  the  Y,  M.  C.  A.  especially — and  let 
their  true  aims  be  presented  and  the 
real  facts  laid  bare." 

This  is  a  fair  and  well-meant  pro- 
posal and  should  be  received  in  the 
same  spirit  in  which  it  was  made.  It 
seems  Dr.  Lynch 's  personal  experience 
with  the  editorial  staff  of  America  led 
to  his  conceiving  this  peace  plan.  If 
all  Catholics  were  as  well  instructed  in 
their  faith  and  as  open  to  conviction  as 
the  learned  Jesuits  of  America,  and  if 
all  Protestants  had  the  intelligence  and 
good  will  of  Dr.  Lynch,  the  execution 
of  his  proposal  might  prove  effective 
as  a  means  of  restoring  interdenomina- 
tional peace.  As  it  is,  however,  we 
cannot  be  as  optimistic  as  the  genial 
editor  of  Christian  Work.  The  Cath- 
olic position  on  the  two  disputed  points 
mentioned,  and  on  many  others  not 
mentioned  by  Dr.  Lynch,  but  well 
known  to  readers  of  anti-Catholic  books 
and  newspapers,  has  been  frequently 
set  forth  by  authoritative  Catholic 
leaders,  and  any  Protestant  can  as- 
certain the  truth  for  the  asking.  The 
trouble  is  that  very  many  of  them  do 
not  want  the  truth,  because  they  are 
unwilling  to  modify  their  own  position 
and  refuse  to  give  to  their  hated 
"Romanist"  fellow-citizens  the  credit 
that  is  due  them. 

Nevertheless,  the  prospect  of  con- 
vincing even  a  small  group  of  weU- 
intentioned  leaders  would  be  worth 
going  to  a  lot  of  trouble  and  expense 
on  the  Catholic  side,  and  therefore  we 
trust  Dr.  Lynch 's  plan  will  meet  with 

favorable    discussion    in   the    Catholic 
press. 


1925 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


An  Open  Letter  to  the  Governor  of  Georgia 

By   Patrick    Henry   Callahan 


[Colonel  Callahan  of  Louisville,  well  knoAvn 
to  our  readers  as  a  frequent  contributor  to 
the  Fortnightly  Eeview,  conducts  a  sys- 
tematic and  extensive  correspondence,  which, 
in  a  certain  sense,  has  made  him  famous. 
Letters  of  general  interest  are  circulated 
among  his  wide  circle  of  friends,  resulting 
in  additional  observations,  views,  opinions 
and  inside  history  that  are  interesting  and  at 
times  valuable  to  writers  and  public  men, 
to  whom  they  are  freely  communicated.  We 
append  herewith  a  letter  recently  written 
by  the  Colonel  to  the  Governor  of  Georgia 
on  a  matter  familiar  to  Catholic  readers  and 
wish  to  call  particular  attention  to  the  com- 
posure and  gentleness  displayed  by  the  writer 
when  approaching  such  a  highly  controversial 
subject.— Editor.] 

Louisville,  Ky.,  December  2,  1924. 
Gov.  Clifford  Walker,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
Dear  Sir : 

Mr.  Rainey  of  Columbus,  Ga.,  lias 
sent  me  a  copy  of  a  letter  of  October 
27tli  from  your  secretary,  Mr.  Bennett, 
with  which  you  are  perhaps  familiar, 
and  for  obvious  reasons  have  been  wait- 
ing until  after  the  election  to  write 
you. 

The  "wi'iter  was  Chairman  of  the 
Knights  of  Columbus  Committee  on 
War  Activities,  securing  the  privilege 
of  placing  our  Welfare  buildings  in  the 
Camps  and  arranging  those  programs 
and  distributing  those  "creature-com- 
forts" which  proved  so  acceptable  and 
satisfactory  not  only  to  Catholic  sol- 
diers, but  to  all  of  the  soldiers,  regard- 
less of  creed,  for  our  motto,  as  you  may 
remember,  was  "Everybody  Welcome 
— Everything  Free. ' ' 

It  was  my  pleasure  to  be  in  Georgia 
toward  the  end  of  October  to  make  an 
address  at  Columbus  and  was  astonish- 
ed at  the  time  to  read  in  the  papers 
of  the  statement  you  had  included  in 
an  address  made  at  Kansas  City,  viz. : 

"It  is  a  different  thing  when  the  Cath- 
olic Secretary  of  a  sympathetic  President 
manipulates  the  chicanery  of  politics  so  as 
to  place  in  the  center  of  every  national 
war  camp  a  Catholic  church,  and  drive  out- 
side the  border  of  that  camp,  on  the  back 
streets,  in  the  back  yard,  on  tlie  alley  ways, 
every  Presbyterian,  every  Methodist,  every 
Baptist,  and  every  other  Protestant 
church. ' ' 


On  April  23rd,  1919,  President 
Wilson  issued  an  order  from  the  White 
House,  addressed  to  Dr.  John  L.  Mott, 
giving  the  Y,  M.  C.  A.  the  privilege  of 
doing  religious  and  welfare  work  in 
the  camps,  and  it  was  my  pleasure  to 
go  to  Avork  at  once  with  the  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
people  here  on  their  program  to  raise 
money,  as  we  had  been  working  to- 
gether on  many  previous  occasions, 
but  a  couple  of  weeks  afterwards,  to 
my  great  surprise,  learned  that  their 
IDrogram  for  war  work  was  to  be  con- 
fined to  Protestant  service,  planning 
a  Bible  lesson  at  5 :30  and  a  prayer 
meeting  every  night  at  8 :30  in  every 
camp  and  a  similar  Protestant  service 
every  Sunday. 

Furthermore,  the  entire  staff  in  every 
building  in  every  camp,  in  accordance 
■with  the  constitution  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A., 
was  to  be  selected  from  "active  mem- 
bers of  Evangelical  churches,"  all  of 
which  created  a  delinquency  in  the 
arrangements  to  look  after  the  welfare 
of  the  Catholic  soldiers,  who,  as  the 
Secretary  of  AVar  officially  announced 
later  on,  averaged  "35%  in  our  War 
Department  camps,  and  even  a  larger 
percentage  in  the  Navy. ' ' 

The  K.  of  C.  Camp  programs  be- 
came famous  for  the  degree  of  liberty 
and  the  atmosphere  of  freedom  given 
all  soldiers  and  sailors — altogether  re- 
creation and  entertainment.  There  was 
no  Catholic  church  in  any  camp  and  no 
religious  service  in  any  K,  of  C.  build- 
ing from  Monday  morning  till  Satur- 
day night,  and  then  confessions  were 
heard,  and  Sunday  mornings  Masses 
were  offered  up  on  ;;n  improvised  altar, 
which  was  not  in  evidence  at  any  other 
time,  and  the  balance  of  the  day  was 
given  over  to  recreation. 

The  Y.  M.  C.  A.  had  from  three  to 
four  times  as  many  buildings  in  every 
camp  as  the  Knights  of  Columbus,  and 
in  each  building  there  was  a  permanent 
religious  secretary  seven  days  in  the 
week,  and  there  was  no  day  that  there 
was  not  some  religious  exercise  in  those 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


January  1 


buildings,  all  of  which  you  can  con- 
firm through  my  friend,  Dr.  John  L. 
Mott,  General  Secretary  of  the  Y.  M. 
C.  A,,  Madison  Ave.  and  46th  Street, 
New  York  City, 

The  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  as  you  know,  is  a 
Protestant  institution,  just  like  the 
Knights  of  Columbus  is  a  Catholic 
society,  the  former  to  look  after  the 
religious  welfare  of  the  Protestants, 
and  the  latter  to  render  the  same  ser- 
vice for  the  Catholic  soldiers  and 
sailors.  If  the  Protestant  churches 
have  any  complaint  at  all,  it  is  against 
the  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  and  not  at  all  against 
President  Wilson  or  the  AVar  and  Navy 
Departments,  and  especially  not  against 
the  Knights  of  Columbus. 

You  were  woefully  imposed  upon,  as 
mentioned  in  the  recent  letters  of 
Secretar}^  Newton  D.  Baker,  and  the 
real  facts,  for  instance,  regarding 
Camp  Gordon,  near  Atlanta,  mention- 
ed by  your  Secretary,  were  as  follows: 

The  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  representing  and 
acting  for  the  Protestant  churches,  had 
three,  and  possibly  five  buildings  com- 
pleted and  being  operated  as  above, 
with  a  complete  Protestant  personnel, 
including  a  Religious  Secretary  for 
each  building,  before  the  single  K.  of 
C.  building  was  completed. 

President  Wilson,  and  especially 
Secretary  Tumulty,  had  very  little  or 
nothing  to  do  with  the  arrangements 
and  perhaps  knew  nothing  about  them, 
all  my  instructions  coming  from  Ray- 
mond Fosdick,  a  Baptist,  Chairman  of 
the  Commission  on  Training  Camps,  of 
which  Commission  Mr.  Eagan  of  At- 
lanta, likewise  a  Protestant,  was  a 
member. 

Now  that  the  election  is  over,  it  is 
my  thought  that  the  Governor  of  a 
great  State  like  Georgia  can  not  allow 
a  misrepresentation  of  this  kind  to 
stand,  and  that  you  will  take  steps  to 
correct  the  harm  done  the  memory  of 
Woodrow  Wilson  and  your  Catholic 
fellow-citizens. 

Yours  very  truly, 
[Signed]  Patrick  Henry  Callahan 

P.  S.  My  references  here  in  Louisville : 
William  Heybum,   President,  Belknap  Hard- 


ware Co. ;  Lewis  R.  Atwood,  President, 
Peaslee-Gaulbert  Co.,  who  Avere  President  and 
Vice  President  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  here  during 
the  war;  Dr.  E.  Y.  Mullins,  President, 
Southern  Baptist  Seminary;  H.  H.  Mashburn, 
Supt.,  Kentucky  Anti-Saloon  League;  any 
resident  Protestant  Minister.  In  Atlanta: 
John  S.  Cohen,  Atlanta  Journal;  Rev.  M. 
Ashby  Jones,  Baptist  Minister;  S.  Lynn 
Rhorer,  Georgia  Paint  &  Glass  Co.,  F.  J. 
Cooledge,  F.  J.  Cooledge  &  Sons;  A.  G. 
Montague,  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Also  the  follow- 
ing:— Charles  S.  Barrett,  Farmers'  Alliance, 
Union  City,  Ga. ;  Elmer  Grant,  Fairbanks 
Scale  Works,  Rome,  Ga.  All  of  the  above  are 
Protestants. 

[NOTE:  This  letter  gives  information  that 
may  be  news  to  many  of  our  readers,  show- 
ing just  why  and  how,  as  well  as  when,  the 
Knights  of  Columbus  went  into  war  work. 
Colonel  Callahan  informs  us  that  this  work 
was  rather  forced  upon  the  Order,  for  at  a 
directors'  meeting,  April  15th,  1917,  right 
after  the  Declaration  of  War,  it  had  been 
determined  not  to  engage  in  such  welfare 
work,  as  it  would  be  too  extensive  and  really 
outside  the  duties  of  a  fraternity.  It  was 
six  weeks  later  when  conditions  developed 
as  above  described,  creating  an  emergency 
and  making  it  necessary  for  some  agency 
to  assume  the  responsibility  of  looking  after 
the  welfare  of  the  Catholic  soldiers  and 
sailors.] 


Gerald  P.  Stevens,  in  his  ''Ram- 
bung's  of  a  Rolling  Stone"  (London: 
T.  Fisher  Unwin),  tells  among  other 
things  of  his  education  at  Westminster 
School  and  Cambridge  University. 
Incidentally  he  supplies  this  bit  of 
curious  information:  "The  Westmin- 
ster way  of  pronouncing  Latin  was  de- 
liberately adopted  to  prevent  the  boys 
when  they  became  clergymen,  as  many 
did,  from  re-introducing  the  Latin 
Mass." 


The  first  article  in  the  current  num- 
ber of  the  English  Hisiorical  Review 
treats  of  the  four  known  contemporary 
manuscripts  of  the  Magna  Carta.  Of 
these,  two  are  in  the  British  Museum 
and  one  in  each  of  the  cathedral  ar- 
chives of  Salisbury  and  Lincoln.  Mr. 
J.  C.  Fox,  the  writer  of  the  article, 
after  giving  much  information  regard- 
ing the  manuscripts,  traces  the  num- 
bering of  the  sections  or  chapters 
adopted  by  modern  writers  to  Black- 
stone. 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


An  Auto  Sacrsunental  by  St.  Francis 

Borgia,   Re-edited   by  Father 

Bonvin,   S.   J. 

Rev.  Father  L.  Bonvin,  S.  J.,  seems 
to  have  a  predilection  for  rescuing 
half-forgotten  compositions  by  saints 
and  making  them  available  for  present- 
day  performance.  Not  long  ago  he 
gave  us  a  Gregorian  mass  by  St. 
Hildegarde,  and  now  he  enables  us  to 
celebrate  the  resurrection  of  Our  Lord 
with  the  great  Jesuit,  St.  Francis 
Borgia.  The  preface  of  the  work  tells 
us  that  for  three  centuries,  up  to  the 
middle  of  the  nineteenth,  the  Poor 
Clares  of  Gandia,  Spain,  enjoyed  the 
special  privilege,  accorded  them  by  the 
Holy  See,  of  reser\dng  the  Blessed 
Sacrament  in  a  "sepulchre"'  outside  of 
their  church,  from  Holy  Thursday  to 
Easter  Sunday  morning,  when,  in 
solemn  procession,  it  was  restored  to 
the  church.  The  holy  Duke,  Francis 
Borgia,  not  only  composed  music  for 
this  solemn  ceremony,  but  also  provided 
an  endowment  for  its  enactment  in 
perpetuity.  Only  the  vocal  parts 
(duets,  trios,  and  choruses)  of  the  com- 
position have  been  preserved.  But  that 
instruments  also  participated  in  the 
performances  is  implied  by  the  fact 
that  they  are  specifically  provided  for 
in  the  endowment.  Father  Bouvin  has 
added  not  only  accompaniments  to  the 
vocal  numbers,  but  also  preludes  and 
interludes  (for  piano,  organ  or  or- 
chestra) in  much  the  same  style  as  the 
original,  which  greatly  enhances  the 
effectiveness  of  the  work.  Directions 
for  performance  of  the  composition  on 
the  stage  are  given  in  the  score.  The 
difficulties  to  be  overcome  in  the  pro- 
duction are  not  great,  and  the  efforts 
expended  will  be  amply  repaid  by  the 
edifying  impression  produced. 

The  Eesurrection  of  the  Lord.  (Auto 
Sacramental),  by  St.  Francis  Borgia  and 
Dr.  Ludwig  Bonvin,  S.  J.  Op.  115.  Eatisbon: 
Alfred  Coppenrath.  Joseph  Otten 


The  prayer  known  as  "Anima  Chri- 
sti"  is  not  by  St.  Ignatius,  as  many 
have  been  led  to  think,  but  occurs  in 
14th  century  MSS.  No  copy  before  that 
century  has  yet  been  found. 


Criticism 

The  question:  Is  criticism  in  Cath- 
olic matters  permissible  ?  was  recently 
discussed  in  the  London  Catholic  Uni- 
verse. A  correspondent  by  name  of 
Francis  Hughesdon  frankly  pleaded 
for  more  of  the  "dry  light  of  candid 
and  unbiassed  criticism"  among  Cath- 
olics in  high  as  well  as  low  station,  for 
such  criticism  is  needed  not  only  by 
those  in  authority,  but  likewise  and  per- 
haps more  so  with  regard  to  Catholic 
activities  in  general.  ' '  We  are  much  too 
prone  to  take  credit  to  ourselves,"  he 
said,  "too  little  inclined  to  note  where 
we  fail.  Some  may  hold  that  criticism 
is  incompatible  with  loyalty.  I  venture 
to  think  this  is  a  great  mistake  and 
likely  to  have  disastrous  results.  If 
we  are  only  to  say  and  hear  pleasant 
things  about  ourselves,  there  is  an  end 
to  all  sincerity.  The  effect  of  hearing 
nothing  but  praise  soon  becomes 
nauseating.  Whatever  the  merits  of 
the  particular  subject  discussed,  we 
are  debarred  from  hearing  the  plain, 
unvarnished  truth.  Moreover,  the  sup- 
pression of  opinions  conscientiously 
held  is  sure  to  have  a  bad  effect  on 
those  who  hold  them.  It  is  fatal  to 
all  enthusiasm  and  leads  to  a  state  of 
apathy  which  may  end  in  non-obser- 
vance of  religious  duties,  doubts,  and 
loss  of  faith.  . . .  Freedom  within  wide 
limits  for  the  expression  of  opinion  is 
essential  to  preserve  a  healthy  moral 
and  intellectual  tone.  We  Catholics 
are  very  prone  to  regard  ourselves  as 
a  chosen  people  and  to  take  for  grant- 
ed our  superiority  to  other  communities 
in  matters  of  conduct  as  well  as  of 
faith.  This  self-complacency,  we  know, 
is  most  dangerous  in  individuals.  Is 
it  not  also  for   communities?" 

We  think  Mr.  Hughesdon  is  quite 
right,  and  the  worst  thing  that  could 
happen  to  the  Catholic  cause  in  this 
democratic  age  would  be  the  lack  of 
frank  and  honest  criticism  or  its  for- 
cible suppression. 

Religion  should  not  be  used  as  caulk- 
ing— something  to  stuff  into  the  cracks 
and  crevices  of  life ;  it  should  be  the 
very  warp  and  woof  of  life. 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


January  1 


When    Was    the    Christian    Religion 
Brought  to  America? 

Msgr.  Iv.  M.  Kaufmaun,  the  eminent 
German  arelieologist,  has  written  a  new 
book  wliich  is  attracting  attention.  It 
is  entitled,  "Amerika  unci  Urchristen- 
tum :  Weltverkehrswege  des  Christen- 
tums  naeh  den  Reichen  der  Maya  und 
Inka  in  vorkolumbischer  Zeit"  and  is 
publislied  by  the  Delphin-Verlag  of 
Munich. 

The  book  is  intended  as  a  sort  of 
promemoria  and  deals  (1)  with  arteries 
of  world  commerce  in  antiquity,  and 
(2)  with  traces  of  the  culture  of  the 
old  world  and  of  early  Christianity 
among  the  Mayas  and  Incas.  In  the 
civilization  of  these  two  ancient  nations 
the  author  finds  not  merely,  as  other 
archeologists  before  him,  reminders  of 
Egypt  and  Asia,  but  things  that  must 
have  been  directly  taken  over.  Par- 
ticLilarly  striking  is  the  comparison  he 
draws  between  Peruvian  and  Coptic 
textiles.  Still  more  surprising  is  the 
vast  number  of  ancient  Christian  rel- 
ics on  this  continent.  There  are  stone 
crosses  and  cross-like  ornaments  from 
pre-Columbian  Mexico,  dift'erent  adapt- 
ations of  the  cross  motive  on  the 
coast  of  Peru  and  along  the  Andes, 
deep  down  into  the  regions  of  the 
Amazon  and  the  La  Plata  rivers,  such 
wide-spread  Christian  symbols  as  the 
orante,  so  well  known  to  us  from  the 
Catacombs,  the  dove  with  the  bulla, 
the  triumphal  cross,  etc.,  throughout 
Central  and  South  America. 

A  careful  study  of  these  and  other 
remnants  of  a  very  ancient  culture  on 
this  continent  has  led  Msgr.  Kaufmann 
to  the  conclusion  that  the  Christian 
religion  must  have  been  brought  to 
America  in  the  fifth  or  sixth  century, 
and  that  it  must  have  spread  widely 
and  exercised  a  profound  influence  on 
the  life  and  manners  of  the  population. 

The  learned  author  promises  to 
publish  a  larger  and  sumptuously  il- 
lustrated work  on  the  subject  in  the 
near  future,  and  hence  it  is  but  fair  to 
postpone  comment  on  his  theory. 


Wisdom  sometimes  takes  the  "pep" 
out  of  a  man  instead  of  putting  it  in. 


The  "Coming  Christ"  of  the 
Theosophists 

Our  readers  are  aware  that  Mrs. 
Annie  Besant,  the  leader  of  the  Theo- 
sophical  Society  (for  a  short  sketch  of 
which  see  Preuss,  "A  Dictionary  of 
Secret  and  Other  Societies,"  pp.  456 
sq.),  has  for  some  time  been  coaching  a 
young  Hindu  to  play  the  part  of  "the 
coming  Christ."  She  had  this  fellow 
with  her  in  Holland  not  long  ago  at 
the  annual  meeting  of  the  Order  of  the 
Star  of  the  East,  the  esoteric  section 
of  the  Society.  His  name  is  Krish- 
namurti,  and  the  adulation  lavished 
upon  him  and  Mrs.  Besant  herself 
throughout  the  report  of  the  meeting 
in  the  September  number  of  the  official 
Herald  of  the  Star  throws  a  significant 
light  on  the  whole  movement. 

"We  have  been  extraordinarily  for- 
tunate," writes  one  member,  "because 
we  have  been  walking  in  the  wonderful 
sunlight  of  the  presence  of  Dr. 
Besant;"  whilst  another  asks:  "Is 
there  any  language  in  the  world  in 
Avhich  one  could  adequately  express 
the  infinite  love  and  tenderness  poured 
out  by  Mr.  Krishnamurti  upon  each 
one  of  us  during  those  never  to  be 
forgotten  days?" 

"It  was  amusing,"  we  read  again, 
"to  see  Mr.  Krishnamurti  fetch  his 
meals  and  wash  his  plate  and  fork  and 
knife,  just  as  the  others  did."  One 
must  be  a  Theosophist  to  appreciate  the 
humor  of  the  spectacle,  for  in  Mrs. 
Besant 's  circle  Krishnamurti  appears 
not  as  a  man,  but  as  a  divinity. 

It  would  be  unjust  to  blame  this 
luckless  youth  for  the  cult  of  which 
he  is  made  the  object.  Notoriety  has 
been  thrust  upon  him  against  his  will. 
Left  to  himself,  he  would  doubtless 
have  preferred  a  manlier  profession 
than  that  of  forming  the  centre  of  a 
group  of  adoring  women.  Sane  Theos- 
ophists, not  under  the  domination  of 
Mrs.  Besant,  describe  liim  as  "quite 
a  good  lad."  He  confesses  naively  to 
having  discovered  an  affinity  in  Charlie 
Chaplin :  ' '  Many  a  philosopher  would 
give  many  years  of  his  life  to  feel  as 
he  does."  We  may  yet  live  to  see 
the  famous  mustache  and  interminable 


1925 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  EEYIEW 


trousers  figuring  on  the  platform  of 
the  Theosophical  Society.  Most  of  Mr. 
Krishnamurti  's  reflections  would  hard- 
ly be  out  of  place  in  a  country  parish 
magazine.  No  one,  for  example,  could 
take  exception  to  the  axiom  enunciated 
as  "a  great  truth,"  that  "all  nations, 
all  peoples  of  the  world  are  required 
in  the  development  of  humanit.y. ' ' 
(Quotations  from  The  Patriot,  London, 
16  Oct.,  1924,  Vol.  VII,  No.  141,  p. 
170).  

The  Rule  of  Faith  in  the  First  Two 
Centuries 

A  valuable  contribution  to  the  his- 
tory of  apologetics  is  the  scholarly  in- 
vestigation into  ' '  The  Rule  of  Faith  in 
the  Ecclesiastical  Writings  of  the  First 
Two  Centuries,"  a  doctoral  disserta- 
tion submitted  to  the  Catholic  Univer- 
sity of  America  by  Fr.  Alphonse  John 
Coan,  0.  F.  M.  The  writer  begins  by 
showing  the  essential  difference  be- 
tween the  Catholic  and  the  Protestant 
rule  of  faith  and  then  traces  the  evi- 
dence found  for  the  Catholic  rule  of 
faith  (that  based  on  the  authority  of 
the  Church  in  contradistinction  to  that 
based  upon  the  Bible)  in  the  writings 
of  St.  Clement  of  Rome,  St.  Ignatius  of 
Antioch,  St.  Polycarp  of  Smyrna,  St. 
Irenaeus  of  Gaul,  and  Tertullian  of 
Carthage. 

The  upshot  of  the  investigation  is 
that  the  Protestant  rule  of  faith  was 
not  taught  and  observed  in  the  early 
Church,  but,  on  the  contrary,  severely 
censured  by  the  Fathers,  who  regarded 
private  judgment  as  the  root  of  heresy, 
dissension,  and  evil.  "Their  one  and 
only  standard  of  belief,  their  guiding- 
star  in  doubt  and  controversy,"  the 
author  says,  "was  the  tradition  of  the 
Apostles  handed  down  in  the  Apostolic 
Churches,  and  taught  and  interpreted 
by  the  bishops." 

The  dissertation  is  wrought  accord- 
ing to  the  most  approved  critical 
methods,  though  one  may  doubt 
whether  such  an  elementary  and  ob- 
solete text-book  as  Wilhelm-Scannell 's 
"Manual  of  Catholic  Theology"  deser- 
ves a  place  in  the  ' '  bibliography  "  of  a 
doctoral  dissertation  on  an  apologetic 
subject. 


Leo  XIII  and  Freemasonry 

John  J.  Lanier,  whoever  he  may  be, 
has  made  a  sensational  discovery,  which 
he  publishes  in  the  Felloivship  Forum, 
of  Washington,  D.  C,  the  well-kno^vn 
Masonic  and  IQuxer  organ  (Vol.  IV, 
No.  10).  It  is  that  "the  famous  Bull 
issued  April  20,  1884,  by  Pope  Leo 
XIII,  the  last  of  the  many  Bulls  issued 
by  the  Popes  against  Freemasonry, 
is ....  in  reality  an  attack  upon  the 
government  of  the  United  States  and 
all  constitutional  forms  of  govern- 
ment. ' ' 

Needless  to  say,  there  is  no  such  BuU 
by  Leo  XIII.  Mr.  Lanier  probably 
has  in  mind  the  famous  encyclical  letter 
"Humanum  genus,"  which  bears  date 
of  April  20,  1884.  This  letter  merely 
confirms  the  previous  utterances  of 
several  Roman  pontiffs  on  the  sub- 
ject of  Freemasonry,  of  which  utteran- 
ces the  reader  wiU  find  an  incomplete 
list  in  Fr.  Gruber  's  article  ' '  Masonry ' ' 
in  Vol.  IX,  p.  787  of  the  Catholic  Ency- 
clopedia. (There  he  will  also  find  an 
explanation  of  certain  phrases  contain- 
ed in  the  "Humanus  genus,"  which 
have  more  than  once  been  the  occasion 
of  erroneous  charges.) 

Leo  XIJI  is  careful  to  state  that  he 
condemns  Freemasonry  ' '  in  the  univer- 
sal acceptation  of  the  term,  as  it  com- 
prises all  kindred  and  associated  so- 
cieties, but  not  all  their  single  mem- 
bers." He  also  makes  it  clear  that  the 
papal  condemnation  is  directed  against 
Masonry  as  a  sect  which  systematically 
promotes  religious  indifference  and 
undermines  true,  i.  e.,  orthodox  Cath- 
olic faith  and  life.  He  furthermore 
stresses  the  fact  that  the  principles 
professed  by  Freemasonry  are  equally 
dangerous  to  State  and  Church  and 
must  be  combatted  in  the  interests  of 
both. 

If  Mr.  Lanier  would  take  the  trouble 
to  study  a  reliable  translation  of  the 
encyclical  "Humanus  genus"  (certain 
quotations  in  his  article  prove  that  he 
"has  no  Latin"),  he  would  see  that 
he  is  mistaken  as  to  the  character  and 
meaning  of  that  important  document. 


10 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


January  1 


Notes  and  Gleanings 

It  requires  strength  and  courage  to 
swim  against  the  stream;  any  dead 
fish  can  float  with  it. 


Gilbert  K.  Chesterton's  wdttiest  epi- 
gram, according  to  Colimibia,  is  this: 
"The  Man  of  Sorrows  went  into  the 
desert  forty  days  and  forty  nights — 
to  laugh."  This  is  not  A^'itty;  it  is 
blasphemous ! 

Rev.  W.  G.  Voliva,  leader  of  the 
Dowieites,  speaking  in  Shiloh  Taber- 
nacle at  Zion,  111.,  as  reported  in  Leaves 
of  Healing  September  6,  announced 
that  the  time  of  the  millennium  is 
close  at  hand ;  it  will  be  the  next  great 
event ;  and  seven  years  later  Jesus  will 
appear.  On  another  page  of  the  same 
paper  Voliva  advertises  real  estate  in 
the  Dowieite  colony,  all  of  it  to  be  had 
on  leases  which  run  for  a  period  of 
eleven  hundred  years. — Lutheran  Wit- 
ness, Vol.  XLIII,  No.  22. 


In  the  last  Holy  Year,  1900,  Leo 
XIII  celebrated  two  canonizations  and 
six  beatifications.  There  are  quite  a 
number  of  cases  so  far  advanced  at 
present  that  their  solemn  completion 
this  year  may  be  said  to  be  assured. 
Those  of  Bl.  Marie  Madeleine  Postel 
and  Ven.  Antonio  Maria  Gianelli  have 
already  seen  the  publication  of  the  de- 
cree de  tuto,  the  last  stage  before  the 
ceremony,  of  canonization  in  the  first 
case,  beatification  in  the  second.  That 
of  Ven.  Giuseppe  Cafasso  has  seen  the 
reading,  but  not  the  publication  of  the 
de  tuto  decree.  That  of  Bl.  Vianney, 
Cure  d'Ars,  has  passed  the  General 
Congregation.  The  ante-preparatory 
congregations  have  been  passed  in  the 
causes  of  Bl.  Marie  Sophie  Barat, 
foundress  of  the  Ladies  of  the  Sacred 
Heart,  and  Bl.  Therese  of  the  Child 
Jesus,  so  rapidly  advanced.  Next  in 
order  is  the  cause  of  Bl.  Peter  Canisius, 
which,  in  addition  to  the  others  named, 
should  well  have  time  to  be  completed 
before  the  year  1925  comes  to  an  end. 
Discussion  of  miracles  is  in  progress  in 
the  causes  of  Ven.  Pierre  Eymard,  Ven. 


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11 


Marie  Michel  of  the  Blessed  Sacrament, 
Ven.  Bernadette  Soubirous,  the  Mar- 
tyrs of  Corea,  and  Michael  Ghebre,  an 
Abyssinian  priest  and  martyr. 

The  cottage  plan  for  making  an  or- 
phanage more  homelike  is  to  be  tried 
out  on  a  large  scale  in  the  new  Cath- 
olic diocesan  orphanage  in  Cleveland, 
0.  "The  building  programme,  which 
has  been  evolved  after  much  research 
into  the  comparative  merits  of  many 
existing  institutions,"  vsrites  the  Rev. 
E.  L.  Leonard  in  the  Alver7io  Sentinel, 
"reveals  an  attempt  to  form  a  chil- 
drens'  paradise.  The  orphanage  will 
be  practicall}'  a  miniature  village.  It 
is  intended,  when  entireh'  completed, 
to  house  some  2,000  children.  Each 
cottage  will  be  presided  over  by  two 
Sisters.  The  number  of  children  in 
each  will  not  exceed  forty.  180  acres 
of  ground  have  already  been  pur- 
chased. There  will  be  a  common  dining 
room,  hall,  and  school.  In  other  re- 
spects each  group  of  children  will  have 
its  separate  entity."  The  underlying 
idea  is,  of  course,  to  supply  to  these 
unfortunates  a  community  life  resem- 
bling that  of  the  family  circle  as  nearly 
as  possible.  We  are  eager  to  see  how 
this  test  of  the  cottage  plan  on  a  large 
scale  will  turn  out. 


adequate  to  meet  this  need.  We  must 
move  much  farther,  and  should  move 
much  faster,  if  we  would  give  our 
youth  what  they  need  to  steel  them 
against  pagan  philosophy  and  educa- 
tion. ' ' 


The  necessity  of  Christian  parish 
schools  is  becoming  more  widely  rec- 
ognized among  believing  Protestants 
from  year  to  year.  The  Lutheran  Wit- 
ness (Vol.  XLIII,  No.  23)  says  that 
"to-day  not  a  single  voice  in  the  Mis- 
souri Synod  is  heard  extolling  the 
Sunday  school  as  an  equivalent  of 
Christian  day-school  training."  The 
same  paper  quotes  the  Lutheran  (U. 
L.  C.)  as  saying:  "Christian  kinder- 
gartens and  week-day  parish  schools 
have  become  a  necessity.  The  longer 
the  delay  in  organizing  these  two  ad- 
ditional agencies,  the  greater  will  be 
the  sin  of  omission."  And  Bishop 
Longley  (Episcopal)  :  "If  we  do  not 
have  parochial  schools,  I  do  not  know 
how  we  can  supply  the  vital  need  of 
spiritual  development  as  a  basis  for 
all  the  activities  of  life.  The  Sunday 
school  has  long  been  regarded  as  in- 


According  to  the  Interpreter,  a 
monthly  magazine  published  by  the 
Foreign  Language  Information  Ser- 
vice, 119  W.  41st  Str.,  New  York,  there 
are  published  in  the  U.  S.  at  the  pres- 
ent time  1,200  foreign  language  pa- 
pers. A  number  of  these  print  Eng- 
lish news  and  articles  more  or  less 
regularly,  and  occasionally  one  of  them 
adopts  English  entirely,  though,  as  a 
rule,  once  a  foreign  language  paper 
finds  its  circulation  dwindling  through 
no  fault  of  its  o-\vn,  it  means  that  the 
first  generation  of  immigrants  who 
formed  its  subscribers  are  all  gone  and 
the  younger  generation  takes  no  in- 
terest in  the  respective  language  and 
in  news  from  the  country  whence  the 
original  immigrants  came;  in  other 
words,  the  "melting  pot"  has  done 
its  work,  and  the  community  is  com- 
pletely' assimilated. 


Polish  immigration  to  America  be- 
gan in  the  middle  of  the  17th  century, 
when  Martin  Zborowski  arrived  here 
and  settled  in  Hackensack,  N.  J.  The 
census  of  1920  gave  the  total  number 
of  Polish  immigrants  in  this  country 
as  1,139,979.  Including  the  fiirst  gener- 
ation of  native-born  descendants,  it  is 
estimated  by  the  Interpreter  (N.  Y., 
Vol.  Ill,  No.  10)  that  there  are  about 
3,000,000  Poles  in  America  at  the  pres- 
ent time.  Our  largest  Polish  centres 
are  Chicago,  Detroit,  Buffalo,  Milwau- 
kee, Cleveland,  Pittsburgh  and  vicinity, 
Philadelphia,  Boston,  and  Baltimore. 
The  Polish  press  in  America  is  fairly 
large.  There  are  21  dailies  and  55 
weeklies  and  bi-weeklies.  One  of  the 
dailies  has  been  published  continuous- 
ly for  sixty  years.  The  Poles  are  most- 
ly Catholics  and  constitute  a  numerous 
and  important  element  in  the  Catholic 
body.  They  have  many  flourishing 
churches  and  parochial  schools  in  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  country,  especially 


12 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


January  1 


in  the  above-named  cities.  In  the  epis- 
copate they  are  represented  by  Bishop 
Rhode  of  Green  Bay  and  Msgr. 
Plagens,  recently  consecrated  auxiliary 
bishop  of  Detroit. 

Father  Ernest  R.  Hull,  S.  J.,  in  the 
Bombay  Examiner,  recalls  the  memory 
of  an  old  professor  of  his  who,  after 
a  feast-day  dinner,  always  retired 
straight  to  his  room  instead  of  walking 
about,  like  every  body  else.  When 
asked  what  he  did  with  himself,  the 
professor  replied  that  he  spent  his  time 
reading  St.  Thomas — adding,  as  he  ob- 
served his  hearers  smile — "the  lighter 
articles!"  "We  wondered"  says  Fr. 
Hull,  "which  articles  in  St.  Thomas 
could  by  any  stretch  of  words  be  called 
'lighter.'  And  yet  not  long  ago  we 
happened,  while  taking  a  rest  after 
dinner,  to  take  up  one  of  the  English 
volumes  of  the  Summa,  and  actually 
found  it  'lighter'  reading  than  any 
newspaper.  It  came  so  fresh  and  in- 
teresting; it  read  at  once  naive  and 
clever.  It  was  refreshing  to  see  the 
simplicity  and  directness  with  which 
men  handled  their  theology  eight  cen- 
turies ago,  and  the  cogent  way  in 
which  they  explained  themselves. 
Somehow  or  other  one  felt  that  they 
had  grasped  the  real  reasons  for  things 
much  better,  with  their  smaller  erudi- 
tion round  the  subject,  than  we  grasp 
them  nowadays  with  our  greater  eru- 
dition. Each  issue  was  elemental;  it 
involved  the  bare  essence.  Consequent- 
ly immediate  touch  and  clear  direct 
vision,  with  no  foggy  medium  to  ob- 
struct the  view. ' ' 


The  appreciation  and  encouragement 
of  those  who  know  us  best  are  sweet; 
but  faith — in  ourselves,  in  our  ideals, 
in  our  f ellowmen — is  a  sturdy  staff  to 
lean  upon  when  all  else  fails.  With 
faith  in  our  knapsack  we  may  walk 
unfaltering  and  assured. 


The  seven  deadly  sins  have  always 
been  more  fashionable  than  the  four 
cardinal  virtues. 


HENRY  P.  HESS 

ARCHITECT 
S.  W.  Cor.  Taylor  &  Page  Ave. 

Office   Tel.    Del.    5648 
Residence   Forest    7040 


Chalices  and  Ciboriums  Regilded 
Gold   and  Silver 


We  have  Episcopal  permission 
for  Gold  Plating  and  Repairing 
of  Consecrated  Sacred  Vessels. 

Candlesticks,    Censers,    ete. 
Eevarnislied 


Mueller  Plating  Co. 

922  Pine  St.,  Second  Floor, 
ST.  LOUIS,  MO. 


The  Three  Graces  of  modern  girl- 
hood are  :  Looks,  Clothes  and  ' '  Pep ' ' 
— and  the  greatest  of  these  is  ' '  Pep  ! ' ' 


A  SWISS  CHARITABLE 
ORGANIZATION, 

the  Gesellscliaft  zur  Erziehung  ge- 
fahrdeter  katholischer  Madchen,  is  is- 
suing bonds  to  the  amount  of  60,000 
francs  for  the  construction  of  a  new 
home  for  Catholic  girls  in  Basle,  where 
the  society,  which  consists  of  young 
women  under  vows  and  devoted  for  life 
to  this  eminently  charitable  object,  has 
been  doing  splendid  work  for  the  past 
twelve  years.  Tlie  inmates,  poor  neglect- 
ed Catliolic  girls,  are  given  emplojTnent 
and  a  good  Christian  training.  This  work 
is  truly  Christian  and  meritious,  but  it 
cannot  be  continued  satisfactorily  un- 
less the  "Frauleins"  are  enabled  to 
erect  a  larger  and  more  adequate  build- 
ing. About  25,000  francs  are  available 
for  this  purpose,  but  at  least  60,000 
more  will  be  needed.  The  bonds  are  is- 
sued in  denominations  of  100  and  500 
fr.,  and  are  an  absolutely  safe  invest- 
ment, bearing  four  per  cent  interest  and 
subject  to  being  retired  after  ten  years. 
Further  information  will  be  cheerfully 
furnished  by  the  V.  Kev.  J.  Eugene 
Weibel,  senior  priest  of  the  Diocese  of 
Little  Eock,  Ark.,  at  present  sojourn- 
ing in  Lucerne  (2,  Kasemenplatz),  to 
whom  inquiries  should  be  directed. 


1925 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


13 


Correspondence 


Partisan  Propaganda  under  Catholic  Colors 

To  the   Editor:  — 

In  connection  with  the  review  of  Dr.  Ryan's 
article  on  "Tactics  for  Catholic  Citizens," 
which  appeared  in  the  December  15th  F.  E., 
allow  me  to   say: 

In  addition  to  Father  Cavanaugh,  former- 
ly president  of  Notre  Dame  University, 
Conde  B.  Fallen,  formerly  of  St.  Louis,  well 
kno\\Ti  as  an  associate  editor  of  the  Cath- 
olic Encyclopedia,  also  sent  propaganda  to 
the  Catholic  papers,  and  owing  to  his  Cath- 
olic prominence,  it  was  widely  printed  and 
read.  These  gentlemen  may  think  that  they 
are  not  playing  politics,  because  they  are 
not  specifying  candidates  or  parties,  but  they 
might  as  well  be  doing  so  when  they  are 
advocating  principles  which  have  a  partisan 
political  significance,  for  this,  in  fact,  is  the 
most  effective  kind  of  political  work. 

If  it  were  not  for  the  well-known  un- 
selfish work  of  Father  .John  A.  Eyan,  Ameri- 
can Catholics  would  be  linked  up  in  the 
public  mind  with  everything  that  is  ultra-con- 
servative and  reactionary. 

We  are  fortunate  in  having  the  Fortnight- 
ly Eeview  to  correct  such  conditions.       D.  X. 


Politics    and    the    Holy    Name    Parade 

To  the  Editor:— 

Eeferring  to  the  communication  from  A. 
L.  A.  in  your  correspondence  column  (F.  E., 
XXXI,  No.  24,  p.  485)  it  strikes  me  that 
A.  L.  A.  can  not  be  in  very  close  touch  with 
public  men  and  political  activity  in  and 
around  Washington,  or  he  would  not  have 
minimized  the  political  effect  of  the  Holy 
Name  programme  scheduled  a  few  weeks  be- 
fore the  presidential  election. 

The  national  campaign  headquarters,  locat- 
ed in  Washington,  were  deluged  with  letters 
from  Democrats  in  all  parts  of  the  country, 
and  the  leaders  were  all  boiling-mad,  as  they 
felt  it  was  a  pre-arranged  plan  to  show  the 
Catholic  people  in  the  country  that  Coolidge 
and  the  Eepublicans  were  close-up  and  satis- 
factory to  the  Catholic  Church  and  the  Cath- 
olics of  the  country. 

One  of  the  leading  political  writers  whose 
copy  is  most  widely  read,  wrote  at  the  time 
as  follows :  ' '  All  the  candidates  have  made 
their  best  points  upon  a  public  that  is  still 
attentive.  Mr.  Coolidge  has  reviewed  mem- 
bers of  the  Holy  Name  Societies  (a  line  of 
them  about  five  hours  long)  in  Washington, 
and  ought  by  this  attention  to  have  solidi- 
fied himself  in  the  affections  of  the  Republi- 
can Catholics.  He  stood  in  a  reviewing  stand 
with  Cardinal  O'Connell." 

Cardinal  0  'Connell  no  doubt  will  snap  his 
fingers,  and  properly  so,  at  such  criticism, 
exclaiming,  "What  have  these  petty  politics 
and  politicians  to  do  with  our  more  important 


affairs?" — -but  there  are  great  numbers  of 
Democrats  that  are  not  Catholics,  and  they 
will  not  look  at  the  matter  in  this  way. 

There  is,  of  course,  no  thought  among  us 
Catholics  but  that  it  was  a  coincidence,  for 
none  of  us  would  believe  for  an  instant  that 
the  leaders  in  our  hierarchy  could  be  tricked 
into  any  arrangement  of  this  kind;  but 
Democrats  who  are  not  Catholics  Avill  not  be 
quick  to  forgive  and  forget. 

The  Eepublicans,  of  course,  saw  to  it  that 
the  very  most  was  made  of  the  incident,  not 
only  through  headlines  in  all  the  papers  in 
the  country,  but  in  the  "Topics  of  the  Day" 
and  in  all  "movies"  the  fraternizing  of 
Cardinal  O'Connell  and  President  Coolidge 
was  sho^^^l  from  every  angle. 

If  the  election  had  been  close,  we  would 
have  been  blamed  for  the  defeat;  but  the 
majority  was  so  overwhelming  that  every- 
one realizes  there  were  other  causes  as  well. 

Greater  care  might  be  exercised  in  the 
future  in  matters  of  this  kind.  D.  A.  D. 

Washington,  D.   C. 


The  Missionary  Spirit 

To   the   Editor: — 

The  Eev.  Eobert  M.  Browne  says  in  the 
course  of  an  article  on  ' '  The  Missionary 
Spirit  of  the  Catholic  Church  in  the  United 
States"  in  the  December  Missionary: 

' '  There  has  been  a  tendency  to  over-em- 
phasize brick  and  mortar  operations  at  the 
expense  of  the  spiritual  works  and  needs 
of  the  Church.  We  have  been  so  busy  build- 
ing up  the  material  side  that  we  found  no 
time  for  more  than  an  indifferent  sermon 
that  had  been  prepared  for  other  times  and 
peoples,  and  that  was  often  preceded  by  a 
harangue  on  money  a  if  airs,  due  to  financial 
burdens,  which  priests  must  largely  bear 
alone. ' ' 

How  opportune  and  pertinent  these  words! 
What  does  God  prefer — bricks  or  souls?  Why 
not  leave  bricks  and  mortar  in  the  care  of 
laymen?  Are  not  more  bricks  used  than  is 
necessary?  God  bless  Father  Browne  for 
fearlessly  saying  what  others  dare  not ! 
Christ  says:  "Seek  ye  first  the  kingdom  of 
God  and  His  justice. ' '  Build  up  the  spiritual 
kingdom,  then  bricks  and  mortar  will  take 
care  of  themselves. 
Denton,   Tex.  (Rev.)    Raymond  Yernimont 


Excerpts  from  Letters 

The  American  Mercury,  a  monthly  maga- 
zine edited  by  H.  L.  Mencken  and  George 
Jean  Nathan,  often  criticizes  us  Catholics — 
priests,  bishops,  and  cardinals  included.  It 
is  an  infidel  magazine,  blasphemous  in  parts, 
yet  it  is  read  by  quite  a  number  of  Catholics. 
There  is  the  Fortnightly  Review,  whose 
tone  is  staunchly  Catholic,  but  how  many  of 
us  read  the  truth  placed  before  us  in  its 
pages  by  loyal  sons  of  the  Church,  who  write 


14 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


Januarv  1 


as,  and  for  the  benefit  of,  Catholics.  The  F. 
E.'  in  my  opinion  should  be  read  by  every 
cardinal,  bishop,  priest,  and  laynian,  and  its 
criticism  should  be  heeded, — then  the  Ameri- 
can Mercury  would  have  no  reason  to  attack 
us. — (Kev.)    Oscar  Strehl,   Chicago,   111. 

Never  before  was  the  active  and  efficient 
service  of  Catholic  laymen  more  imperative 
than  at  the  present  time.  Our  churches  and 
our  pulpits  have  their  own  field,  but  there 
are  millions  and  millions  of  our  fellow-citi- 
zens who  are  prejudiced  against  us  by  false 
notions  and  erroneous  views  which  are  being 
daily  fed,  intensified,  or  inflamed  by  ig- 
norance. These  fellow-Americans  cannot  be 
reached  by  our  pulpits,  nor  by  missions  for 
non-Catholics,  nor  by  Avhat  I  will  call  for 
want  of  a  better  comprehensive  term,  the 
'Catholic  press.  We  are  living  in  what  is  to 
a  great  extent  an  irreligious  age  outside  of 
our  own  communion.  There  is  in  this  aspect 
a  great  want,  a  great  duty,  a  great  task. 
How  we  should  act,  how  we  may  effectively 
concentrate  or  co-ordinate  our  efforts,  how 
we  may  reach  and  bring  the  truth  home  to 
our  fellow- Americans  whom  we  respect  and 
who  are  all  within  the  compass  of  our  duty 
as  laymen  and  Sodalists,— these  are  vital 
questions,  each  of  which  presents  an  ex- 
tremely difficult  and  complex  practical 
problem.  Scholarly  and  admirable  as  our 
Catholic  press  is,  it  does  not  reach  those 
who  it  is  of  vital  importance  to  us  should 
know  the  truth.— Wm.  D.  Guthrie,  N.  Y.  City. 

For  the  busy  pastor  I  know  of  no  better 
periodical  than  the  F.  R.  Such  a  man  has  not 
the  undisturbed  leisure  to  study  long  disserta- 
tions, but  he  can  snatch  the  F.  R.  in  odd 
moments  and  find  ample  matter  therein  to 
stimulate  active  thinking — the  one  preventa- 
tive of  mental  atrophy  in  a  man  much  oc- 
cupied with  routine  work.  The  brevity  of 
the  articles  and  variety  of  subjects  discussed 
attract  the  intelligent  and  busy  reader.  I 
gladly  include  the  additional  fifty  cents  de- 
manded, in  renewing  my  subscription — (Rev.) 
E.  J.  Hunkeler,  Wynot,  Neb. 

Enclosed  the  three  dollars  for  next  year's 
subscription.  I  am  certain  that  all  your 
subscribers  will  be  only  too  glad  to  pay  the 
slight  increase  rather  than  see  such  a  unique 
and  excellent  magazine  as  the  F.  R.  dis- 
continued. Your  readers  may  not  agree  with 
you  in  all  things,  but  anyhow,  you  cause 
them  to  stop  and  think,  and  that  in  itself  is 
education.  Keep  up  the  good  work  and  rest 
assured  of  the  support  of  your  friends  when 
needed. —  (Rev.)  M.  J.  Bacso,  SS.  Peter  and 
Paul's  Slovak   Church,  Pliillipsburg,  N.   J. 

Good  Father  Rothensteiner 's  heart-to-heart 
talk  (No.  23)  on  raising  the  subscription 
price  of  the  F.  R.  needs  no  comment  and 
surely  will  meet  with  the  approval  of  ever)- 
subscriber.  The  F.  R.  is  not  only,  as  I  wrote 
you   last   year,   a   treasure-house    of    valuable 


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1925 


THE  FOKTXIGHTLY  KEVIEW 


15 


data,  but  like  a  refreshing  bouquet  of  rare 
flowers  on  one 's  working  desk.  Fr. 
Rothensteiner  is  right  when  he  says  that  we 
could  do  with  less  papers  and  could  reduce 
them  to  a  minimum  without  any  great  spiritu- 
al loss.  For  the  sake  of  the  good  cause  let 
us  support  as  many  Catholic  papers  as  pos- 
sible, but  above  all  let  us  stand  by  and  keep 
up  our  F.  R.,  for  it  is  indispensable. — "Pastor 
Eusticanus, "  Michigan. 

I  hope  that  every  subscriber  will  sooner 
double  his  subscription  than  allow  the  esteem- 
ed F.  R.  to  be  discontinued.  Enclosed  I  send 
five  dollars  for  my  subscription  for  1925  and 
my  ardent  wish  that  every  other  subscriber 
do  the  same.  Please  do  not  think  of  giving  up 
the  Review!  We  need  it,  and  I  for  my  part 
would  gladly  pay  much  more  to  keep  it  in 
existence.  May  God  give  you  better  health 
and  many  more  subscribers!  —  (Rev.)  A. 
Krams,  Westphalia,  Mich. 

Your  change  of  subscription  rate  meets 
with  my  idea  of  what  you  should  have  done 
before;  in  fact  your  remarkable  magazine 
would  be  cheap  at  five  dollars  a  year. — 
Benjamin  M.  Read,  Santa  Fe,  N.  Mex. 

I  am  sending  you  a  check  for  three  dollars 
to  renew  my  subscx'iption.  1  consider  the 
F.  R.  worth  three  dollars  a  single  copy,  while 
for  some  other  periodicals  I  know  three  cents 
is  too  much. —  (Rev.)  Joseph  Ludwig,  Ant- 
werp, O. 


BOOK  REVIEWS 


Minges's   Compendium   of   Dogmatic 
Theology 

Fr.  Parthenius  Minges's,  O.  F.  M.,  "Com- 
pendium Theologiae  Dogmaticae"  is  an  in- 
\aluable  contribution  to  the  field  of  dogmatic 
theology.  In  the  section  comprising  special 
Dogma  he  has  condensed  and  systematized  in 
two  volumes  the  whole  range  of  Seotistic 
theology.  Written  primarily  as  a  text-book 
for  Franciscan  seminarists,  the  work  serves  at 
the  same  time  as  an  able  vindication  of  the 
much  misunderstood  Doctor  Subtilis.  While 
the  substratum  of  the  manual  is  Seotistic 
throughout,  the  opinions  of  the  Doctor 
Marianus  are  re-enforced  by  citations  from 
Alexander  of  Hales  and  St.  Bonaventure, 
thus  presenting  a  unique  composite  of  Fran- 
ciscan theology.  At  the  same  time  Fr. 
Minges  does  not  overlook  the  Angel  of  the 
Schools  and  other  great  theologians.  They, 
too,  are  cited  and  the  points  of  agreement 
and  disagreement  between  the  Seotistic  and 
Thomistie  Schools  noted. 

The  Compendium  of  Fr.  Minges  plainly 
shows  that  the  influence  of  Scotus  on  theology 
was  not  merely  negative,  as  some  would  have 
us  believe.  The  Subtle  Doctor  not  only  gave 
an  impetus  to  theological  study  by  his  specula- 
tions,  but  he   enriched   the   science   of   theol- 


ogy by  many  original  solutions  for  the  theol- 
ogical problems  of  his  day.  His  ideas  on  the 
knowability  and  essence  of  God,  his  view 
on  the  endowments  of  man  before  the  fall, 
his  various  doctrines  on  the  Redemption,  his 
constant  endeavor  to  uphold  the  liberty  of 
man,  his  arguments  in  behalf  of  the  Immacu- 
late Conception,  his  teaching  on  the  Sacra- 
ments, especially  on  the  Holy  Eucharist  and 
Penance  are  notable  contributions, — doctrines 
that  have  left  the  imprint  of  Seotistic  in- 
fluence upon  the  theology  of  succeeding  ages. 
Fr.  Minges's  work  is  the  embodiment  of  a 
life-long  study  of  the  Subtle  Doctor.  It  is  a 
credit  to  the  learned  author,  an  excellent 
manual  for  the  theological  student,  an  in- 
dispensable reference  work  for  the  teacher, 
and  it  will  prove  an  asset  to  every  theologi- 
cal library. 

The  ' '  Compendium  Theologiae  Dogmaticae 
Generalis,"  a  volume  of  370  pages,  is  a 
marked  improvement  on  the  former  edition 
of  1902.  The  author  has  made  numerous 
changes  and  copious  additions  throughout 
the  entire  book.  The  groundwork,  however, 
remains  the  same.  Under  five  main  headings, 
namely,  De  Eeligione  et  Bevelatione  in  genere. 
Be  Beligionil)us  non  Christianis,  De  Religione 
Christiana  {Demonstratio  Christiana),  De  Ee- 
ligione et  Ecclesia  Catholica,  De  Fide  Eccle- 
siae  Catholicae,  Fr.  Minges  surveys  the  whole 
field  of  apologetics  in  concise,  orderly  fa- 
shion. The  tracts  on  the  non-Christian  relig- 
ions and  on  the  Catholic  Church  are  especial- 
ly good.  The  writer  reviews  the  theories  of 
non-Christian  and  non-Catholic  authors  and 
exposes  their  errors.  His  numerous  cita- 
tions from,  and  references  to;  modern  scholars 
show  that  he  has  kept  apace  with  the  on- 
Avard  march  of  apologetics.  An  excellent 
synopsis  and  estimate  of  Modernism  is  in- 
cluded in  the  last  tract.  This  Compendium 
is  a  most  practical  text -book  for  all  who  wish 
to  cover  the  field  of  apologetics  in  one  year. 
(Koesel  and  Pustet). 


Literary  Briefs 

— Two  new  volumes  have  just  been  added 
to  the  "My  Bookcase"  Series  of  popularly 
priced  Catholic  classics  published  by  Joseph 
F.  Wagner,  Inc.  They  are :  ' '  Recollections 
of  the  Last  Four  Popes  and  of  Rome  in  Their 
Times, ' '  by  Cardinal  Wiseman,  and  '  *  A  Sis- 
ter's  Story,"  by  Mrs.  Augustus  Craven.  The 
former  is  a  great  moving  picture  of  the  pon- 
tificates  of   Pius   VII,  Leo   XII,   Pius   VIII, 

Blackwell  Wielandy 

Book  &^  Stationery  Co. 

Printers  of  Periodicals 
Book  Manufacturers 


"The  Fortnightly  Reviei 
7s  printed  by  us 


1605  Locust  St. 
St.  Louis.  Mo. 


16 


THE  FOETXIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


January  1 


and  Gregory  XVI,  as  they  presented  them- 
selves to  the  eyes  of  a  great  English  con- 
temporary. The  book  is  an  effective  though 
unpretentious  apologia  for  the  papacy  and 
makes  as  fascinating  reading  to-day  as  it 
did  in  1858,  when  it  was  first  given  to  the 
public.  ' '  A  Sister 's  Story ' '  tells  in  an  old- 
fashioned  way,  in  a  series  of  letters,  the 
romantic  and  affecting  story  of  Albert  de  la 
Ferronays  and  his  young  Russian  bride, 
Alexandrine  d'Alopeus.  "It  is,"  as  the 
editor  says,  ' '  romance  of  the  highest  kind ; 
it  is  also  fact,"  and  will  serve  as  a  splendid 
antidote  against  the  pretentious  and  hectic 
fiction  of  to-day.  In  the  present  edition  the 
work  has  been  greatly  reduced  in  bulk,  much 
to  its  advantage. 

— Father  Francis  J.  Finn,  S.  J.,  has  furnish- 
ed the  text  for  a  pictorial  ' '  Story  of  Jesus ' ' 
for  children  published  by  the  Extension  Press. 
There  are  eight  fuU-page  illustrations  in  four 
colors,  after  such  masters  as  Hoffmann  and 
Feuerstein.  The  book  is  printed  on  heavy 
folding  enamel  paper  and  is  written  so  that 
any  child  of  reading  age  may  understand  and 
enjoy  it. 

— The  Extension  Press,  Chicago,  has  pub- 
lished another  novel  by  Elizabeth  Jordan.  It 
is  entitled,  "Faith  Desmond's  Last  Stand," 
and  tells  the  story  of  a  young  girl  who  was 
told  by  the  doctors  that  she  had  but  six 
mouths  to  live.  Vivacious,  longing  for  ex- 
citement and  the  thrills  of  life,  she  starts 
in  to  spend  her  last  six  months  in  seeking 
adventures.     She  is  finally  cured  by  a  miracle. 

— ' '  The  Wonderful  Sacraments,  What  They 
Are  and  What  They  Do"  (Benziger  Bros.), 
is  a  popular  explanation  of  the  teaching  of 
the  Church  on  the  Sacraments,  considered 
especially  in  their  relation  to  the  problems  of 
every-day  life.  The  author  commands  a  force- 
ful style,  frequently  enlivened  by  the  in- 
troduction of  dialogue.  We  are  glad  to  see 
him  so  positive  in  his  attitude  on  mixed  mar- 
riages and  birth  control.  The  book  can  be 
warmly  recommended. 

— Father  E.  P.  Graham's  beautifully 
printed  * '  Sketch  of  Saint  John 's  Parish, ' ' 
Canton,  Ohio,  of  which  he  is  pastor,  was 
composed  as  a  memorial  of  its  centennial 
(1923)  and  of  the  consecration  of  the  hand- 
some parish  church  (1924),  and  not  only 
contains  much  interesting  historical  informa- 
tion, but — a  rare  thing  in  publications  of 
this  kind — has  literary  charm  as  well.  St. 
John's  had  such  distinguished  pastors  as 
the  later  Archbishops  Henni  and  Alemany  and 
Bishop  Juncker  (Alton),  and  the  Ven.  John 
Nepomucene  Neumann  once  baptized  a  child 
there.  On  pp.  55  sq.  Dr.  Graham  clears  up 
a  funny  mistake  made  in  Msgr.  Houck's 
history  of  ' '  The  Church  in  Northern  Ohio, ' ' 
which,  on  page  115,  has  the  following  en- 
try: "Fochenkress,  Eev.  P.  (Dominican), 
was    stationed   at    Canton    about    1836.      No 


SECOND  HAND  BOOKS  FOR  SALE 

(Terms:    Cash    with    Order;    Postage   Pre- 
paid to  any  Part  of  the  U.  S.) 

Rost,  Dr.  Hans.  Die  Kulturkraft  des 
Katholizismus.  3rd  edition.  Paderborn, 
1923.      $1.50. 

Vallgoruera,  P.  Thomas  a,  0.  P.  Mystica 
Theologia  Divi  Thomae.  Ed.  4ta.  2  vols. 
Turin,  1924.     $2,  imbound. 

Daly,  Tom  A.  Herself  and  the  Houseful. 
Being  the  Middling-Mirthful  Story  of  a 
Middle-Class  American  Family  of  More 
Than  Middle  Size.     N.  Y.,  1924.     $1. 

Destree,  Bruno,  O.  S.  B.  The  Benedictines. 
Tr.  by  a  Benedictine  of  Princethoi-pe 
Priory.  With  a  Preface  by  Dom  Bede 
Camm,  O.  S.  B.     London,  1923.     $1.35. 

Geyser,  Jos.  Einige  Hauptprobleme  der 
Metaphysik.  Mit  besonderer  Bezugnahme 
auf  die  Kritik  Kants.  Freiburg  i.  B., 
1923.      $1. 

Grabiuski,     Bruno.       Wunder,     Stigmatisa- 

.  tion  und  Besessenheit  in  der  Gegenwart. 

Eine  kritische  Untersuchung.    Mit  55  Ori- 

ginalaufnahmen,     Hildesheim,     1923.     $1 

(Wrapper). 

Grabinski,  Bruno.  Spuk  und  Geistererschei- 
nungen,  oder  was  sonst?  Eine  kritische 
Untersuchung.  Mit  16  lUustrationen.  2te 
verb.    Aufl.      Hildesheim,   1922.      $1.50. 

Brenner,  Hy.,  O.  S.  B.  Messages  of  Music. 
Mood  Stories  of  the  Great  Masterpieces. 
With  an  Appendix  and  Explanatory 
Notes.      Boston,   1923.      $3. 

Marmion,  Dom  Columba,  O.  S.  B.  Christ 
in  His  Mysteries.  Spiritual  and  Liturgi- 
cal Conferences.     London,  1924.     $3. 

JoTce,  P.  W.  An  Illustrated  History  of 
Ireland.     New  ed.  Dublin,  1921.     $2. 

Stanley,  Hy.  M.  My  Early  Travels  and  Ad- 
ventures in  America  and  Asia.  2  vols. 
N.  Y.,  1905.    $2. 

Clayton,  Joseph.  Economics  for  Christians 
and  Other  Papers.     Oxford,  1923.     85  cts. 

Hobson,  J.  A.  The  Evolution  of  Modern 
Capitalism.  New  revised  edition.  Lon- 
don,  1908.      $1. 

Mecklin,  J.  M.  The  Ku  Klux  Klan:  A 
Study  of  the  American  Mind.  N.  Y.,  1924. 
$2. 

Arrhenius,  Svante.  The  Destinies  of  the 
Stars.  Tr.  by  J.  E.  Fries.  Illustrated. 
N.  Y.,  1918.     $1. 

Karrer,  Otto,  S.  J.  Der  hi.  Franz  von 
Borja,  General  der  Gesellscliaft  Jesu. 
1515-1572.  Mit  einem  Titelbild.  Frei- 
burg, 1921.     $2. 

0  'Malley,  Austin.  The  Cure  of  Alcoholism. 
St.  Louis,  1913.     $1. 

THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 
5851    Etzel    Ave.  St.    LouU,    Mo. 


1925 


THE  FOETXIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


17 


other  record  of  Mm."  The  Dominicang 
know  nothmg  of  a  priest  of  this  name,  and 
Fr.  Graham  shows  that  the  mysterious  P. 
"Fochenkress"  was  none  other  than  the 
Eedemptorist  Fr.  F.  X.  Tschenhenss,  who 
signed  the  records  of  St.  John's  Church 
quite  often  from  1835  to  1836.  If  Msgr. 
Houck  made  two  priests  out  of  one,  Father 
Graham  has  fused  them  into  one  again. 

— ' '  Das  Wesen  des  Katholizismus "  is  a 
beautifully  printed  collection  of  lectures,  in 
which  Eev.  Dr.  Karl  Adam,  professor  of 
theology  in  the  University  of  Tiibingen,  ex- 
plained to  an  audience  consisting  largely  of 
non-Catholics  "the  fundamental  dogmatic 
concepts  that  govern  the  Catholic  Church,  her 
beliefs,  her  worship  and  her  constitution. ' ' 
He  deals  with  these  concepts  under  the  fol- 
lowing headings:  Christ  in  the  Church;  The 
Church,  the  Body  of  Christ;  Through  the 
Church  to  Christ;  The  Establishment  of  the 
Church  in  the  Light  of  Christ's  Message; 
The  Cliurch  and  Peter;  The  Catholicity  of 
the  Church;  The  Necessity  of  the  Church  for 
Salvation;  The  Operation  of  the  Church 
through  the  Sacraments;  the  Church  as  the 
Educator  of  Mankind;  Catholicism  in  its 
Concrete  Manifestation.  Since  the  days  of 
the  immortal  Hettinger  we  have  read  few 
apologetical  treatises  that  can  compare  in 
profundity  of  thought,  beauty  of  present- 
ment, and  force  of  conviction  with  "Das 
Wesen  des  Katholizismus,  "which  we  cor- 
dially recommend  as  a  most  powerful  anti- 
dote to  such  poisonous  books  as  Harnack's 
' '  Das  Wesen  des  Christentums, ' '  known  in 
its  English  translation  as  ' '  The  Essence  of 
Christianity. ' '  Dr.  Adam  gives  his  readers 
the  true  essence  of  Christianity,  as  found 
in  the  Catholic  Church  and  nowhere  else. 
We  have  few  apologetical  books  in  Eng- 
lish that  can  compare  with  this  one  in  their 
forceful  appeal  to  the  modern  non-Catholic 
mind.     (Augsburg:  Haas  &  Grabherr). 

—Father  F.  E.  Tourscher,  O.  S.  A.,  of 
Villanova  College,  Pa.,  has  recently  added  to 
his  series  of  Augustinian  texts  for  the  use  of 
secondary  schools  an  edition  of  the  treatise 
* '  De  Quantitate  Animae, ' '  which  was  written 
not  long  after  St.  Augustine's  conversion  to 
the  faith,  and  deals  in  dialogue  form  with 
the  na,ture  of  the  human  soul,  the  measure 
of  its  powers  as  discoverable  in  the  faculties 
of  the  sense  organs,  the  imagination,  and 
the  intellect.  The  method  adopted  by  the 
author  is  that  of  observation  and  investiga- 
tion, combined  with  a  reasoned  analysis  of 
the  soul's  action.  The  booklet  is  well  gotten 
up,  and  our  only  criticism  is  that  the  reverend 
editor  is  not  more  liberal  in  the  use  of  ex- 
planatory foot-notes.  There  are  many  pas- 
sages in  this  as  in  all  the  other  writings  of 
St.  Augustine  which  the  average  teacher  of 
Latin  in  our  high  schools  and  colleges  will 
hardly  be  able  to  interpret  correctly  with  the 
ordinary   means   at   his   command,   and   help 


from  such  an  excellent  Augustinian  scholar 
as  Fr.  Tourscher  would  therefore  be  welcomed 
by  many  of  those  for  whom  this  booklet  is 
intended.  (Philadelphia:  The  Peter  Eeilly 
Co.) 

— The  first  volume  of  Fr.  H.  Noldin's 
classic  "Summa  Theologiae  Moralis,"  deal- 
ing with  the  principles  of  moral  theology 
("De  Principiis"),  has  appeared  in  a  seven- 
teenth edition,  edited  by  Fr.  A.  Schmitt, 
S.  J.  The  editor  has  made  no  attempt  to 
change  the  clear  division  or  improve  the 
transparent  style  of  the  original  author,  but 
has  limited  himself  to  revising  the  text  and 
adapting  it  to  the  new  Code  and  the  deci- 
sions issued  by  the  Eonian  authorities  since 
its  promulgation.  Volumes  II  and  III  of 
this  indispensable  text-book  are  in  prepara- 
tion.    (Fr.  Pustet  Co.,  Inc.) 

— "Lectiones  pro  Festis  Universalis  Eccle- 
siae  Commemoratis"  (P.  Marietti,  Turin),  is 
a  handy  little  book  containing  the  lessons 
of  commemorated  feasts  to  be  recited  by 
those  who  follow  the  Eoman  Breviary.  The 
tj-pe  is  very  legible  and,  as  far  as  we  could 
see,  there  are  no  disturbing  mistakes — which 
latter  point  is  not  to  be  despised.  For  if 
anywhere,  the  printer's  devil  ought  certainly 
to  keep  his  tail  out  of  the  Office  books.  The 
price,  too,  is  very  reasonable,  especially  if 
we  consider  the  valuta  of  the  lira — or  liars, 
as  a  good  friend  of  mine  used  to  say. — Fr.  B. 

—"What  Every  Catholic  Should  Know," 
by  D.  I.  Lanslots,  O.  S.  B.  (F.  Pustet  Co., 
Inc.)  is  a  neatly  though  cheaply  gotten  up 
booklet  for  laymen.  It  contains  a  very  brief 
summary  of  those  parts  of  the  Code  of  Canon 
Law  which  chiefly  interest  the  laity.  The 
author  has  a  good  insight  into  the  needs  of 
the  laity  concerning  church  laws.  St. 
Jerome  says  that  many  are  misled  in  history 
on  account  of  ignorance,  and  it  is  equally 
true  that  many  go  wrong  in  practical  life 
for  the  same  reason.  The  sentence,  "Canon- 
ical legislation  affects  all  who  have  been 
baptized"  (p.  4),  is  true  to  some  extent, 
but  misleading,  because  the  Code  does  not 
legislate  (at  least  not  directly)  for  those 
outside  the  Catholic  Church.  On  page  51 
there  should  be  added  to  "civil  prohibition" 
the  word  "lawful,"  because  the  State  has 
no  right  to  forbid  the  remains  to  be  carried 
to    church.      On    the    same    page    the    term 

H.  Stuckstede  Bell  loundiy  Go. 


1312  and  1314  South  Second  St. 

ST.  LOUIS,  MO.  , 


18 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


January  1 


Do  You  Contemplate 

a  New  Church  or  School? 

Our  Architectural  Department  is  especially  qualified  to  serve  you.  Mr.  Louis 
Preuss  is  in  charge  of  this  department.  He  is  of  mature  years.  His  knowledge  of 
architecture  rests  not  alone  on  his  practical  training  and  European  studies,  but 
also  on  many  years  of  experience  in  prominent  architectural  offices  and  in  the 
practice  of  architecture  under  his  own  name.  His  early  training,  the  knowledge 
gained  in  his  studies  abroad,  and  his  wide  experience  unquestionably  place  Mr. 
Preuss  in  the  foremost  rank  of  American  architectural  designers,  especially  for 
religious  art. 

Widmer  Engineers  render  such  cooperation  as  is  necessary  to  the  Architectural 
Department,  and  Widmer  field  forces  are  at  your  disposal  if  you  desire  them.  Thus, 
one  master  organization  may  handle  your  entire  project. 

Our  method  of  operating  not  only  tends  towards  efficiency  through  quick 
completion  of  your  building,  but  also  eliminates  pyramiding  of  architects',  engi- 
neers', sub-contractors'  and  general  contractors'  fees.  It  centralizes  the  re- 
sponsibility. It  effects  substantial  savings.  The  cost  of  your  building  can  be  guaran- 
teed before  you  start. 

An  interview  involves  no  obligation.      Write  or  telephone  us. 

WIDMER  ENGINEERING  CO. 

Architects  —  Engineers 
LACLEDE  GAS  BLDG.  ST.  LOUIS,  MO. 


"sudden  jjassion''  needs  an  explanation, 
other^vise  all  suicides  might  be  buried  with 
ecclesiastical  honors.  On  page  54  the  author 
might  have  stated  that  the  Saturdays  of 
Lent,  except  Ember  Saturday,  are  exempt 
from  abstinence  in  our  country.  The  state- 
ment concerning  the  seminary  tax  (page  71) 
is  too  narrow.  These  are  some  hints  for 
improvement,  to  which  every  book  is  more 
or  less  amenable. — Fr.  C.  Augustine,  O.  S.  B. 

— "Our  Father  in  Word  and  Picture"  is 
something  new  in  the  line  of  illustrating 
devotional  works.  The  pictures  are  in  colors 
and  the  explanations  are  in  a  style  that  ap- 
peals to  both  old  and  young.  Appropriate 
psalms  are  inserted  here  and  there  to  illustrate 
the  petitions  of  the  Pater  Noster.  The 
booklet  makes  an  attractive  holiday  oift. 
(Chicago:    Matre   &   Co.) 

— A  promising  young  authoress  is  Inez 
Specking,  whose'  first  novel,  "Missy,  the 
Heart  Story  of  a  Child"  (Benziger  Bros.) 
is  faithful  to  life  and  characterized  by  fresh 
humor  and  beauty  of  vicAvpoint  and  treat- 
ment. The  theme  of  the  book  is  the  develop- 
ment of  a  Catholic  girl  from  her  fourth 
birthday  to  her  twentieth,  which  is  sketched 
in  a  score  of  sparkling  incidents.  We  have 
to  go  to  secular  literature,  to  Tarkington 
and  Mark  Twain,  to  find  a  parallel. 

— "Saint    Antony's    Almanac"    for    1925, 


with  its  well-selected  reading  matter  and  its 
numerous  illustrations  appeals  especially  to 
tertiaries  and  others  interested  in  the  life 
of  St.  Francis  and  the  work  of  the  Francis- 
can Order.  We  do  not  like  the  nouveau  art 
picture  of  the  Crucifixion  on  page  63.  (St. 
Bonaventure  's  Monastery,  St.  Bonaventure,  N. 
Y.) 

— "The  Inner  Court"  is  "a  book  of 
private  prayer, ' '  compiled  mainly  to  satisfy 
the  demand  for  a  manual  of  extra-liturgical 
and  private  devotions  on  the  part  of  those 
who  participate  in  the  official  liturgy  of  the 
Church.  For  this  reason  the  Ordinary  of 
tlie  Mass  and  other  forms  of  prayer  found 
in  the  Missal  and  the  Vespcral  have  been 
excluded.  There  are  devotions  suitable  for 
all  the  ordinary  occasions  of  life,  for  the 
prieu-dieu  at  home  or  the  altar-rail  in  church. 
The  publishers  advertise  the  beautifully 
printed  booklet  as  ' '  the  most  fitting  comple- 
ment to  the  Missal  and  the  Day  Hours  ob- 
tainable in  English," — a  description  which 
we  gladly  endorse.  '  *  The  Inner  Court ' '  can 
be  had  either  in  cloth  or  leather  binding. 
It  is  of  English  provenience  and  bears  the 
Westminster  imprimatur.     (Benziger  Bros.) 

— Volume  XIV  of  the  English  translation 
of  Dr.  L.  Pastor's  "History  of  the  Popes," 
edited  by  Fr.  Ealph  Francis  Kerr,  of  the 
London  Oratory,  deals  mth  the  pontificates 
of  Marcellus  II  and  Paul  IV.     Mareellus  was 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


19 


a  man  of  apostolic  simplicity  and  ideal  char- 
acter, who  unfortunately  died  a  sudden  death 
shortly  after  his  election  (1555).  His 
memory  has  been  immortalized  by  the  won- 
derful Mass  which  Palestrina  composed  in 
his  honor.  Cardinal  Carafa,  who  ascended 
the  papal  throne  as  Paul  IV,  and  ruled  for  a 
little  over  four  years  (1555-59),  was  char- 
acterized by  remarkable  talent,  sincere  piety, 
and  ardent  zeal,  but  he  had  a  violent  temper, 
was  inclined  to  severity,  and  made  many 
mistakes.  He  proclaimed  the  principles  of 
a  reform  in  both  head  and  memlaers  and  dis- 
played great  energy  in  carrying  out  reform 
measures.  "What  the  noble  Dutch  Pope, 
Adrian  VI,  had  in  vain  attempted,  to  break 
with  the  evil  tendencies  of  the  Renaissance, 
the  fiery  Neapolitan  succeeded  in  doing. ' ' 
No  less  an  authority  than  the  historian 
Panvinio,  who  was  by  no  means  prejudiced 
in  favor  of  the  Pope,  said  that  Paul  IV 
was  the  first  to  re-establish  and  strengthen 
ecclesiastical  discipline  and  that  many  of 
the  later  salutary  decrees  of  the  Council 
of  Trent  could  be  traced  back  to  him.  The 
absorbingly  interesting  story  of  this  stormy 
pontificate  is  told  by  Dr.  Pastor  with  his 
habitual  thoroughness  and  objectivity,  and 
a  flood  of  new  light  is  thrown  on  many 
aspects  of  it  by  the  hitherto  inedited  docu- 
ments which  his  diligent  search  has  brought 
to  light.  Among  the  legends  which  he  ex- 
plodes is  that  of  the  cruelty  of  Queen  Mary  of 
England.      (B.    Herder  Book   Co.) 


New   Books   Received 

Report  of  the  Proceedings  and  Addresses  of 
the  21st  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Catholic 
Educational  Association,  ^Milwaukee,  Wis., 
June  23-26,  1924.  xi  &  720  pp.  8vo.  Colum- 
bus, O. :  Office  of  the  Secretary  General, 
1651   E.   Main   Str. 

Novena  for  the  Relief  of  the  Poor  Souls  in 
Purgatory.  By  a  Missionary  of  the  Sacred 
Heart,  Rev.  J.  F.  Durin.  6th  edition, 
revised  by  Rev.  B.  Dieringer.  63  pp.  32mo. 
Milwaukee,  Wis.:  Columbia  Publishing  Co. 
Sets.   (Leaflet). 

The  Archdiocesan  Union  of  the  Holy  Name 
of  Chicago.  A  Review  of  Eight  Years  of 
Service  and  of  its  Big  Brother  Work. 
56  pp.  8vo.  Illustrated.  Central  Office  of 
the  Archdiocesan  Union  of  Chicago,  163 
W.   Washington   Str.,   Chicago,  111. 

Boyhood's  Highest  Ideal.  Helpful  Chapters 
to  Catholic  Boys  at  the  Parting  of  the 
Ways.  By  Winfrid  Herbst,  S.  D.  S.  88  pp. 
12mo.  St.  Nazianz,  Wis.:  The  Society  of 
the  Divine  Saviour.    30  cts.  net.  (Wrapper). 

The  Mass  Intention  Calendar.  Compiled  by 
a  Priest  of  the  Cleveland  Diocese.  With 
perforated  sheets  for  the  transfer  of  inten- 
tions. Published  and  copyrighted  by  John 
W.  Winterieh,  1865  Prospect  Ave.,  Cleve- 
land,  O.      $1   net. 


Daily  Communion.  By  Rev.  Louis  F. 
Schlathoelter.  Augmented  Edition.  160th 
Thousand.  32  pp.  32mo.  Milwaukee,  Wis. : 
Columbia  Publ.   Co.  Sets.    (Leaflet). 

Delight  iti  the  Lord.  Notes  of  Spiritual 
Direction  and  Exhortation  of  .the  Rev. 
Daniel  Considine,  S.  J.  iv  &  51  pp.  32mo, 
oblong.     Benziger  Bros.     30  cts.  net. 

The  Hymns  of  the  Breviary  and  Missal. 
Edited  with  Introduction  and  Notes  by 
Rev.  Matthew  Britt,  0.  S.  B.  Preface  by 
Rt.  Rev.  Msgr.  Hugh  T.  Henry.  384  pp. 
8vo.  Benziger  Bros.  New,  cheaper  edition, 
$3   net. 

The  Facts  of  Lourdes  and  the  Medical  Bureau. 
By  Dr.  A.  Marchand,  President  of  the 
Medical  Bureau  at  Lourdes.  Translated 
by  Dom  Francis  Izard;  0.  S.  B.  xxx  &  151 
pp.  12mo.  Illustrated.  Benziger  Bros.  $1.80 
net. 

Children  of  the  Shadow.  A  Novel  by  Isabel 
Clarke.  425  pp.  8vo.  Beinziger  Bros. 
$2  net. 

0^^r  Pilgrimage  in  France.  (Lisieux,  Lourdes, 
and  Paray-le-^Monial).  By  the  Rev.  F. 
M.  Dreves,  of  St.  Joseph's  Foreign  Mission 
Society.     256  pp.  12mo.     Sands  &  Co.  and 

B.  Herder  Book  Co.     $1.40   net. 

St.  Benedict:  A  Character  Study.  From  the 
Pen  of  Rt.  Rev.  Ildephonsus  Herwegen, 
O.  S.  B.,  Abbot  of  Maria  Laach.  Trans- 
lated by  Dom  Peter  Nugent,  O.  S.  B. 
184  pp.'8vo.  Sands  &  Co.  and  B.  Herder 
Book  Co.     $2.25  net. 

The  Cure  of  Ars  (The  Blessed  Jean-Baptiste- 
Marie  Vianney).  By  the  Abbe  Alfred 
Monnin.  Translation  and  Notes  by 
Bertram  Wolferstan,  S.  J,  558  pp.  8vo. 
Sands  &  Co.  and  B.  Herder  Book  Co. 
$6.25   net. 

More  Mystics.  By  Enid  Dinnis.  254  pp. 
12mo.  Sands  &  Co.  and  E.  Herder  Book 
Co.      $1.75   net. 

Three-Minute  Homiletics.  By  Rev.  Michael 
V.  McDonough.  329  pp.  8vo.  Benziger 
Bros.     $2  net. 

The  Epistles  of  Father  Timothy  to  His  Parish- 
ioners. By  the  Rt.  Rev.  Francis  C.  Kelley, 
D.  D.,  Bishop  of  Oklahoma.  248  pp.  12mo. 
Extension   Press.     $1.50. 

Princes  of  His  People.     II.  St.  Paul.     By  C. 

C.  Martindale,   S.   J.  xiii  &  324  pp.  12mo. 
Benziger  Bros.     $2  net. 

"My  Boolccase  Series."  Edited  by  Rev.  J. 
C.  Reville,  S.  J.  Two  new  volumes.  Re- 
collections of  the  Last  Four  Popes  and  of 
Rome  in  Their  Times,  by  Cardinal  Wiseman, 
xxvii  &  420  pp.;  A  Sister's  Story,  by  Mrs. 
Augustus  Craven;  tr.  from  the  French  by 
Emily  Bowles,  revised  and  adapted  by  J. 
C.  Reville,  S.  J.  ix  &  462  pp.  12mo.  New 
Y''ork:   Joseph  F.  V»''agner,  Inc.  $1.35  each. 

The  Small  Missal.  Containing  the  Proper 
of  the  Mass  for  All  Sundays  and  the 
Principal  Feasts  of  the  Year,  the  Rite  of 
Benediction,  Vespers  and  the  Compline  for 
Sundays,  and  Other  Devotions,  xvi  &  436 
pp.   3%x6  in.     Benziger  Bros.     $1.75  net. 


20 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


January  1 


The  Tower  to  Tyburn.     A  London  Pilgrimage 

by  P.   J.   Chandlery,   S.   J.     xii  &   163   pp. 

12mo.      Illustrated.'     Sands   &    Co.    and   B. 

Herder  Book  Co.     $2.25  net. 
Liebe:     dcr    christ.liche    Lebeiisgrund.      Von 

Erich    Przywara,    S.    J.    Buchschmuck    von 

Adolf  Kunst.     110  pp.  12mo.  Herder  &  Co., 

Freiburg,   Germany;    B.   Herder   Book   Co., 

St.  Louis,  Mo.     80  cts.  net. 
Ui)  the  Slopes  of  Mount  Sion;  or,  A  Progress 

from  Puritanism  to  Catholicism.     By  Mon- 

signor  Kolbe,  D.  D.,  D.  Litt.,  of  Cape  Town. 

xiv  &  135  pp.  12nio.     Benziger  Bros.     $1.75 

net. 
Faith    Desmond's    Last    Stand. 

Story    of    Love,    Courage,    and 

By  Elizabeth  Jordan.      272  pp. 

tension  Press.     $1.50. 


A  Mystery 
a  Miracle. 
12nio.   Ex- 


A  SPRINKLE  OF  SPICE 


According  to  a  modern  philosopher  there 
are  three  things  which  a  woman  must  resem- 
ble in  one  way,  but  not  another:  (1)  She 
must  be  like  a  snail,  which  never  leaves  its 
house;  but,  unlike  a  snail,  she  must  not  put 
all  she  owns  on  her  back.  (2)  She  must  be 
like  an  echo,  which  speaks  only  when  spoken 
to;  but  she  must  not,  like  the  echo,  always 
insist  on  the  last  word.  (3)  She  must  be 
like  the  town  clock,  always  correct  and  always 
punctual;  but  she  must  not,  as  the  clock 
does,  make  so  much  noise  that  she  will  be 
heard  all  over  the  town. 


The  Revue  des  Deux  Mondes  of  Sept.  1, 
1924,  contained  a  lengthy  review  of  Henry 
Ford's  autobiography.  The  reviewer,  Louis 
Gillet,  gives  probably  the  most  careful  anal- 
ysis of  the  Avork  that  has  thus  far  been 
printed.  He  concludes  by  reasoning  as  fol- 
lows: Is  it  not  much  greater  to  devise  the 
Parthenon  or  erect  Notre  Dame,  than  to  be 
at  the  head  of  a  concern  that  turns  out  a 
million  automobilettes?  The  man  who  has 
imperishal)le  greatness  in  him  is  not  the 
man  who  enables  us  to  move  from  spot  to 
spot,  but  the  man  who  shows  us  a  goal. 

A  Presbyterian  minister  arrived  late  one 
Sunday  morning  and  explained  to  his  wait- 
ing congregation  that  he  could  not  deliver  his 
regular  sermon  because  his  dog  had  chewed 
up  his  manuscript  just  as  he  was  about  to 
leave  the  house.  Then  the  preacher  proceeded 
to  deliver  a  very  short  sermon.  When  he 
had  finished,  a  visitor  in  the  audience  arose 
and  remarked  that  if  that  dog  ever  had  pups, 
she  would  like  to  have  one  to  give  to  her 
minister.  

Can  it  be  possible  that  the  action  of  the 
municipal  authorities  of  Venice  in  supplanting 
the  time-honored  motive  power  of  the  gondolas 
with  electric  motors  is  a  result  of  the  gon- 
doliers' choice  of  "Yes!  We  Have  No 
Bananas!"  as  their  guild  song  last  summer? 
Imagine  the  eccentric  course  of  a  craft 
propelled  to  that  rhythm! 


New   Publications 

The  Tower  to  Tyburn. 

A  London  Pilgrimage  by  P.  J. 
Chandlery,  S.  J.  Cloth  8vo.,  XII  & 
164  pages,  and  copious  illustrations, 
net   $2.25. 

Our  Pilgrimage  in  France. 

(Lisieux,  Lourdes  and  Paray-le- 
Monial).  By  the  Bev.  F.  M.  Dreves. 
Cloth,  8vo.,  256  pages,  net  $1.40. 

More  Mystics. 

By  Enid  Dinnis.  Cloth,  Svo.,  254 
pages,  net  $1.75. 

St.    Benedict. 

A  Character  Study.  From  the  Pen 
of  at.  Rev.  Ildephonse  Herwegen,  0. 
S.  B.,  Abbot  of  Maria  Laach.  Trans- 
lated bv  Dom  Peter  Nugent,  0.  S.  B. 
Cloth,   8vo.,   184  pages,  net  $2.25. 

The  Cure  of  Ars. 

(The  Blessed  Jean-Baptiste  Marie 
Vianney.)  By  the  Abbe  Alfred 
Monnin.      Translation    and    Notes    by 

■  Bertram  Wolferstan,  S.  J.  Cloth, 
large  8vo.,  558  pages,  illustrated,  net 
$6.25. 

The  Problem  of  Evil  and  Human 
Destiny. 
From  the  German  of  the  Rev.  Otto 
Zimmermann,  S.  J.,  by  the  Rev.  John 
S.  Zybura.  With  Introduction  by  the 
Right  Rev.  Joseph  Schrembs,  D.  D. 
Cloth,  8vo.,  XIV  &  135  pages,  net  90 
cents. 

The  Virtues  of  the  Divine  Child  and 
Other  Papers. 
By  the  late  Daniel  Considine,  S.  J. 
With  an  Introductory  Memoir  by  F. 
C.  Devas,  S.  J.  Cloth,  8vo.,  XXIV  & 
204  pages,  net  $2.00. 

The    Unknown   God. 

By  Rev.  John  A.  McClorey,  S.  J. 
Cloth,  8vo.,  XIII  &  202  pages,  net 
$1.50. 

Instructions   on   Christian   Morality^ 

For  Preachers  and  Teachers.  Adapted 
from  the  French  by  the  Rev.  John 
Kiely.  Cloth,  Large  Svo.,  XXX  &  758 
pages,  net  $3.50. 

A  Biographical  Dictionary  of  the  Saints. 

With  a  General  Introduction  on  Ha- 
giology.  By  the  Right  Rev.  Msgr. 
F.  G.  Holweck,  D.  D.  Cloth,  large 
8vo.,  XXXII  &  1053  pages,  net  $10.00. 

The  Virtues  Awakened. 

From  the  Treatise  on  Perfect  Happi- 
ness. By  the  Ven.  Leonard  Lessius, 
S.  J.  Translated  from  the  Original 
Latin  by  Rev.  Henry  Churchill  Semple, 
S.  J.  Cloth,  8vo.,  X  &  50  pages,  net 
60   cents. 


B.  Herder  Book  Co. 

I  7     South     Broadway,     St.     Louis,     Mo. 


The  Fortni§:htly  Review 


VOL.   XXXII,   NO.    2 


ST.    LOUIS.   MISSOUEI 


January    15th,    1925 


In  Defense  of  Pope  Gregory  The  Great 

By  the  Rev.  A.   E.  Breen,  D.  D.,   of  S;.  Francis  Seminary,  St.  Francis,  Wi 


111  the  November  issue  of  Current 
History,  1924,  p.  299,  Professor 
Richard  Heath  Dabney,  of  the  Uiiiver- 
sit}'  of  Virginia,  attributed  to  Pope 
Gregory  the  Great  the  declaration : 

"Ignorance  is  the  mother  of  devo- 
tion." 

I  "wrote  to  the  editor  of  Current 
History  demanding  a  retraction  of  the 
calumny.  On  Dec.  4,  1924,  I  received 
from  Mr.  Oakes,  Editor  of  Current 
History,  Professor  Dabney 's  defense, 
which  the  aforesaid  Professor  Dabney 
directed  to  Mr.   Oakes. 

Inasmuch  as  Mr.  Oakes  sent  me  this 
letter  in  defense  of  an  open  publication 
in  Current  History,  ^^•hicll  affects  the 
Catholic  Church,  I  am  justified  in 
making  public  the  aforesaid  letter.  The 
statement  of  Dabney  injured  me  onlj' 
as  a  member  of  the  Catholic  Church. 
If  Dabney  has  violated  truth  and  right, 
he  has  sinned  not  against  me  as  a 
private  individual,  but  against  the 
society,  of  which  I  am  an  unworthy 
member;  his  defense  therefore,  shall 
have  the  same  publicity  that  was  given 
liis  original  statement.  The  text  of  his 
letter  is  as  follows : 

My  dear  Mr.  Oakes:  I  received  your  note 
today,  accompanied  by  the  letter  of  Dr.  A,. 
E.  Breen,  of  St.  Francis  Seminary. 

As  I  have  not  access  at  present  to  the 
writings  of  Pope  Gregory  the  Great,  I  am 
unable  to  verify  my  statement  about  him 
from  that  source.  But  I  did  not  derive  the 
statement  from  my  own  inner  consciousness. 
I  remembered  to  have  seen'  it  in  Draper's 
History  of  the  Intellectual  Development  of 
Europe.  You  will  {sic']  find  it  in  the  first 
volume  of  that  work  on  page  357.  I  do  not 
regard  Draper,  or  anv  other  historian,  as 
[sic]  infallible;  but  I  feel  fairly  sure  that  I 
have  seen  the  same  quotation  elsewhere  than 
in  Draper,  although  I  can  not  recall  where 
it  was.  Of  course  both  Draper  and  the  other 
historian,  whose  name  I  cannot  remember, 
may  have  misquoted  Gregory.  But  it  is  also 
possible    that    Dr.    Breen   may   be   mistaken. 


I  do  not  pretend  to  anything  approaching  in- 
fallibility myself.  But  in  relying  upon 
Draper's  statement,  I  hardly  think  that  I  did 
anything  that  is  not  done 'by  almost  ever 
one.  If  any  one  can  show  me  proof  that 
Draper  is  wrong,  I  am  entirely  ready  to  ad- 
mit it,  for  I  have  not  the  slightest  desire  to 
do  injustice  to  Pope  Gregory,  avIio  unquestion- 
ably deserved  in  many  respects  the  epithet 
of  "Great."  I  do  not  imagine,  however,  that 
Dr.  Breen  regards  Pope  Gregory  as  infallible, 
except  where  he  laid  down  doctrines  of  faith 
and  morals.  I  imagine  that  Dr.  Breen  has  a 
high  regard  for  St.  Augustine.  Yet  he  prob- 
ably knows  that  he  said:  "It  is  inapossible 
that  there  should  be  mliabitauts  on  tha  other 
side  of  the  world,  since  no  such  race  is  re- 
corded in  Scripture  among  the  descendants  of 
Adam. ' '  Docs  Dr.  Breen  think  that,  by  ad- 
mitting that  St.  Augustine  made  this  mistake, 
he  would  be  "gravely  unjust  to  the  Eoman 
Catholic  Church  and  to  all  religion?"  [These 
are  my  words  of  protest  to  Current  History. 

"\^  hat  has  an  individual's  erroneous  opinion 
about  the  antipodes,  or  about  the  value  of 
scientific  kno'^vledge  to  do  witli  the  Eoman 
Catholic  Church  or  with  religion  in  general? 

It  may  be  that  Pope  Gregory  did  not  say 
exactly  Avhat  Draper  attributes  to  him.  But 
Dean  Milman,  in  his  History  of  Latin  Chris- 
tianitv,  says,  while  rejecting  "the  fabric" 
that  Gregory  destroyed  the  Palatine  Library: 
' '  His  aversion  to  such  studies  is  not  that  of 
dread  or  hatred,  but  of  religious  contempt; 
profane  letters  are  a  disgrace  to  a  Christian 
Bishop ;  the  truly  religious  spirit  would  loathe 
them  of  itself."  Yet  Milman,  while  not  hid- 
ing such  views  as  this,  has  a  thoroughly 
sympathetic  attitude  towards  the  Pope. 

I  return  you  herewith  as  requested  Dr. 
Breen 's  letter.  It  seems  to  me  that  he  Avould 
be  going  rather  far  in  giving  up  a  good 
magazine  merely  because  he  thinks  he  has 
discovered '  one  erroneous  historical  state- 
ment in  it. 

Yours  very  truly, 

E.  H.  Dabney. 

In  the  first  place,  is  it  not  unworthy 
of  a  historian  to  make  such  a  serious 
charge  against  one  of  the  great  men  of 
history  on  the  authority  of  Draper? 
Who  was  Draper?  John  William 
Draper     (1811-82)     was    an    eminent 


22 


THE  FOKTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


January  15 


chemist,  but  a  dilettante  in  history.  He 
was  obsessed  by  a  prejudice  that  the 
Catholic  Church  had  retarded  the  pro- 
gress of  science. 

In  the  second  place,  Draper  does 
not  asL-ribe  to  Gregory  the  Great  the 
oii'ensive  statement  attributed  to  him 
b}^  Professor  Dabney. 

Draper's  words  {I.  c.)  are  as  fol- 
lows : 

"Participating  in  the  ecclesiastical 
hatred  of  human  learning  and  insisting 
on  the  maxim  that  'ignorance  is  the 
mother  of  devotion,'  he  expelled  from 
Rome  all  mathematical  studies,  and 
burned  the  Palatine  Lilu'ary  founded 
by  Augustus  Caesar." 

Draper  falsely  declares  that  the 
spirit  of  the  Church  of  Gregory's  time 
hated  human  learning,  and  that  its 
antagonism  against  learning  had  crys- 
tallized in  a  maxim  :  ' '  Ignorance  is  the 
mother  of  devotio]i."  He  accuses 
Gregory  of  participating  in  this  hatred 
and  of  fashioning  his  pul)lic  policy  ac- 
cording to  this  maxim.  Draper  bases 
his  charge  on  the  assertion  that  Gregory 
drove  mathematics  from  Rome,  and 
that  he  burned  the  Palatine  Library. 
Professor  Dabne.y  has  cited  the  words 
of  Dean  Milman,  an  eminent  scholar. 
It  is  not  to  be  expected  that  the  editor 
of  Gibbon's  "Decline  and  Fall  of  the 
Roman  Empire"  should  be  favorable 
to  Christianity,  and  to  the  Roman  Cath- 
olic Church  in  particular.  Gibbon  is 
an  insidious  foe  of  all  Christianity. 
And  yet  Milman  from  the  sheer  weight 
of  historical  evidence  rejects  as  a 
"fabric"  the  assertion  that  Gregory 
burned  the  aforesaid  Library. 

Bayle  and  Barbeyrac,  although 
tiercel}^  opposed  to  the  Catholic  Church, 
reject  the  "fabric"  which  Professor 
Dabney  offers  us  from  Draper. 

The  silly  charge  that  Gregory  ex- 
pelled mathematics  from  Rome  needs 
not  be  discussed  here.  It  is  a  baseless 
"Draperism." 

Professor  Dabney  cites  an  alleged 
sentence  of  Augustine  as  justification 
for  his  attitude  to  Gregory.  This  is 
uncritical.  An  error  in  natural  science 
is  far  different  from  a  moral  error, 
which  represents  religion  as  a  super- 


stition that  can  not  bear  the  light  of 
knowledge. 

On  this  point  Pope  Leo  XIII  (Encyc. 
' '  Providentissimus  Deus ' ' )    declares : 

"The  unfaltering  defense  of  the  Holy 
Scriptures,  however,  does  not  require 
that  we  should  equally  uphold  all  the 
opinions  which  any  one  of  the  Fathers 
or  the  more  recent  interpreters  have 
put  forth  in  explaining  it ;  for  it  may 
be  that,  in  commenting  on  passages 
where  physical  matters  occur,  they 
have  sometimes  expressed  the  ideas  of 
their  own  times,  and  thus  made  state- 
ments, which  in  these  days  have  been 
abandoned  as  incorrect." 

Gregory  was  not  a  profound  scholar, 
— not  even  a  profound  constructive 
theologian :  he  was  a  lawyer  and  ad- 
ministrator, a  monk,  a  preajher,  a  mis- 
sionary. But  he  was  true,  and  taught 
a  beautiful  true  ethic  and  religion.  The 
statement  attributed  to  him  by  Prof. 
Dabney  is  not  attacked  on  the  ground 
that  it  has  aught  to  do  Avith  papal 
infallibility :  it  is  attacked  on  the 
ground  of  historical  inaccuracy. 

Moreover,  since  the  Church  has 
canonized  St.  Gregory  as  one  of  her 
great  "doctors,"  the  principle  falsely 
imputed  to  St.  Gregory  reflects  a  slur 
on  the  Catholic  Church. 

Gregory  discouraged  worldly  human- 
istic studies  in  a  churchman.  He  be- 
lieved in  real  spiritual  culture  for  the 
priest.  The  priest  must  be  a  man  of 
God,  a  man  of  prayer,  a  man  of  re- 
nunciation of  worldly  pursuits.  He 
followed  this  norm  himself  and  im- 
pressed it  on  others-.  He  gave  us  the 
Gregorian  Chant,  and  has  left  more 
writings  than  any  other  pontiff.  His 
writings  are  not  masterpieces  of  style, 
but  the}^  are  filled  with  faith  and  the 
love  of  God. 


Tears 

By  Charles  J.  Quirk,  S.  J. 
I    keep    them    treasured ;    they    are    priceless 

gems, 
Which  God  has  given  when  my  heart  has  bled; 
I  do  not  wear  them  for  the  Avorld  to  see, 
For    tliey    shall    crown    my    souL  when    I    am 

dead. 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


Joseph  Gummersbach 

By  F,  P.   Kenkel,   K.  S.    G.,   Director   of   the    Central  Bureau 


"A  great  and  a  good  man"  Avas 
laid  to  rest  on  December  30tli,  192-i, 
when  the  remains  of  Jos.  Gnmmersbach, 
president  of  the  B.  Herder  Book 
Co.,  were  interred  in  Calvary  Cemetery, 
St.  Louis,  Mo.  This  is  the  characteriza- 
tion of  the  deceased  by  the  Archbishop 
of  St.  Louis,  the  Most  Reverend  John 
J.  Glennon,  who  delivered  the  funeral 
oration,  by  way  of  "a  not  only  war- 
ranted but  demanded  exception"  to 
the  regulation  discountenancing  eulo- 
gies at  the  bier  of  a  departed  Catholic. 

In  his  sermon  the  Archbishop  traced 
the  life  of  the  deceased  and  his  out- 
standing characteristics,  emphasizing 
his  labors  as  a  Catholic  publisher  in 
behalf  of  the  Church  and  stressing 
partieularl}'  the  fact  of  his  exceptional 
example  and  accomplishments  having 
been  those  of  a  layman.  The  funeral 
services  were  attended  by  some  fiftj- 
priests,  secular  and  regular,  from  St. 
Louis  and  neighboring  cities,  the  Al)- 
bot  of  Conception,  the  Rt.  Rev.  Philip 
Ruggle,  0.  S.  B.,  Rt.  Rev.  Jos.  II. 
Schlarman,  J.  C.  D.,  Chancellor  of  the 
Diocese  of  BelleviJe,  and  the  Rt.  Rev. 
Msgr.  John  J.  Tannrath,  Chancellor  of 
the  Archdiocese  of  St.  Louis.  The 
solemn  high  mass  of  requiem  was  cele- 
brated by  the  Rt.  Rev.  F.  G.  Holweck, 
of  St.  Louis,  a  friend  of  the  deceased 
for  many  years. 

Joseph  Gummersbach  was  born  on 
May  31,  1844,  at  Kessenich,  near  Bonn. 
He  was  apprenticed  to  a  bookseller  in 
his  native  city  when  quite  young,  later 
on  entering  the  service  of  Bachem  in 
Cologne,  publisher  of  that  distinguish- 
ed Catholic  daily,  the  Kdluische  Volks- 
zeitung.  A  few  years  later  he  realized 
his  ambition  to  obtain  a  position  with 
the  famous  firm  of  Herder,  the  leading 
Catholic  publisher  of  the  world,  by 
whom  he  was  sent  to  the  United  States 
in  1873.  His  success  in  transplanting 
the  traditions  of  this  house  to  the 
United  States  was  little  short  of  mar- 
velous. Notwithstanding  the  German 
associations  and  the  fact  that  a  goodly 
portion  of  the  publishing  undertakings 


of  the  American  house  of  Herder  is 
composed  of  works  in  the  German  and 
Latin  tongues,  the  development  of  the 
St.  Louis  institution  has  been  such, 
even  in  the  English  field,  that  only  a 
short  time  since  a  Catholic  London 
publisher  designated  St.  Louis  as  the 
greatest  Catholic  publishing  center  of 
the  English-speaking  world.  In  fact, 
with  the  exception  of  New  York  and 
Boston,  no  American  city  contains  a 
publishing  house  with  a  larger  output 
than  that  of  the  institution  of  which 
the  deceased  was  the  head. 

Mr.  Gummersbach 's  services  in  the 
cause  of  Catholic  literature  were  rec- 
ognized by  His  Holiness  Pope  Pius 
X,  who  conferred  the  order  of  St. 
Gregory  on  him  in  1904,  and  by  Pope 
Pius  XI,  who  awarded  him  the  gold 
medal  "Pro  Ecclesia  et  Pontifice"  in 
1923,  the  year  of  the  golden  jubilee  of 
the  founding  of  the  St.  Louis  firm. 
This  noted  publisher  labored,  as  His 
Grace  of  St.  Louis  said  in  the  fiimeral 
oration,  "for  God  and  the  Church." 
He  was  given  to  prayer  and  works  of 
charity,  rose  superior  to  racial  or  na- 
tionalistic conceits  and  prejudices,  and 
was  distinguished  by  an  even,  cheer- 
ful, and  constantly  friendly  demeanor. 
The  practice,  continued  for  more  than 
half  a  century,  of  daily  attendance  at 
Holy  Mass,  from  which  he  had  refrain- 
ed only  under  orders  from  his  physi- 
cian, offers  the  explanation  for  Arch- 
bishop Glennon 's  praise,  that  Mr. 
Gummersbach 's  children  "learned  to 
esteem  the  virtues  they  saw  exempli- 
fied in  him,  his  piety,  his  industrious- 
ness,  his  cheerfulness,  his  deep  religious 
convictions."  ■  ■ 


CathoJic  social  reformers  will  be 
finally  judged  on  their  constructive 
teaching.  They  may  be  ever  so  pene- 
trating as  critics,  and  ever  so  inspiring 
as  historians,  but  it  will  avail  them 
nothing  if  they  cannot  show  the  world 
the  present  way  it  should  go. — The 
Christian  Democrat,  IV,  10. 


24 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


January  15 


Notre  Dame  vs.  Princeton 

By   P.    H.    Callahan  of   Louisville 


In  November,  1924,  several  of  our 
Catholic  papers  carried  an  item  credit- 
ed to  the  N.  C.  W.  C.  Service,  accusing 
the  Princeton  student  body  of  "an 
anti-Catholic  outburst  at  the  recent 
Notre  Dame-Princeton  football  game." 
Thus : 

' '  New  York,  Nov.  20.  Inherent  in- 
ability to  grasp  the  true  position  of 
the  Catholic  Church  regarding  polit- 
ical and  social  questions  was  the 
cause  of  an  anti-Catholic  outburst  at 
the  recent  Notre  Dame-Princeton 
football  game,  according  to  the  Right 
Rev.  Msgr.  Joseph  H.  McMahon, 
Pastor    of    Our    Lady    of    Lourdes 

^    Church    here '  AVhile  Notre 

Dame  was  administering  its  annual 
■  beating  to  the  Princeton  football 
team  to  the  tune  of  12-0,  a  few  weeks 
ago,'  Ms^.  McMahon  said,  'the 
Princeton  student  body,  "the  fine 
flower  of  Presbyterian  culture, ' '  con- 
.  soled  themselves  with  cries  of 
'Tbaash  tHe  ignorant  micks.'  " 

This  news  item  was  a  surprise  to 
the  .wi-iter,  who  was  East  about  the 
time  of  the  football  game  and  had  met 
some  friends  from  South  Bend  who 
were  telling  him  how  well  they  were 
treated  on  their  Princeton  visit.  Think- 
ing there  must  be  a  mistake  about  the 
matter,  he  wrote  to  Msgr.  McMahon, 
who  replied:  "The  newspaper  account 
would  have  me  specify  the  game  of 
1924,  but  as  a  matter  of  fact  I  was 
alluding  specifically  to  that  of  1923." 
Thus  all  point  is  taken  from  a  news 
item  published  in  November,  1924;  ex- 
cept that  it  goes  to  show  that  some  of 
our  Catholic  people  are  much  too  sen- 
sitive and  too  credulous  of  reported 
incidents  of  this  kind. 

In  any  event,  to  indict  "the  Prince- 
ton student  bod}^"  for  cries  heard  in  a 
crowd  of  football  fans  is  calculated  to 
weaken  the  force  of  dignified  protests 
against  real  manifestations  of  bigotry 
in  responsible  quarters,  while  to  tie  up 
the  incident  with  such  a  phrase  as  * '  the 
fine  flower  of  Presbvterian  culture"  is 


not  the  way  to  dissipate  prejudice,  but 
to  inflame  it. 

A  member  of  the  Princeton  faculty 
v/ho  with  two  members  of  the  Catholic 
University  faculty  sat  in  the  Prince- 
ton stand  throughout  the  game,  assures 
me  tiiat  there  was  no  evidence  of  re- 
ligious prejudice  or  anything  contrary 
to  courtesy  or  good  sportsmanship,  and 
says  with  point : 

"If  Princeton  had  been  antagon- 
istic to  Notre  Dame  she  would  not 
have  invited  them  here  two  years  in 
succession  to  play  football.  Both 
games  were  regarded  here  as  fine 
sportsmanlike  contests.  I  have  yet  to 
learn  that  anyone  representing  Notre 
Dame  or  her  very  fine  football  team 
has  made  any  complaints  of  the 
treatment  received  here." 

The  utterances  of  Cardinal  Gibbons 
during  his  day  had  great  influence  with 
the  American  people.  His  book,  "The 
Faith  of  Our  Fathers,"  has  brought 
more  persons  into  the  Church  than 
])erhaps  any  other  book  in  English. 
But  Cardinal  Gibbons  was  not  con- 
sidered exceptionally  brilliant,  tren- 
chant, or  profound.  Some  one  has  ex- 
plained the  remarkable  influence  of  his 
writings  and  speeches  by  saying  of 
him :   "He  knew  what  not  to  say. ' ' 

That  is  a  gift  which  all  of  us  can 
cultivate,  with  a  little  more  poise,  a 
little  more  thought,  and  a  little  more 
eharitv. 


The  Pontifical  Commission  for  the 
Revision  of  the  Vulgate,  instituted  by 
Pope  Pius  X,  has  been  functioning 
under  the  presidency  of  Cardinal 
Aidan  Gasquet,  since  its  inception,  in 
1914.  The  Grail  registers  a  rumor  that 
the  splendid  work  may  have  to  be  given 
up.  Among  the  reasons  assigned  is 
lack  of  funds.  Let  us  hope  that  the 
commission  will  not  end  its  work  pre- 
maturely, after  having  gathered  and 
photographed  so  many  valuable  manu- 
scrii^ts  as  presented  in  the  first  volume 
of  Dom  Henri  Quentin. 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


25 


Catholics  and  the  State 


In  its  issue  of  January  1st,  1924,  the 
FoRTNiGHTi.Y  REVIEW  made  some  ref- 
erence to  the  systematic  correspon- 
dence conducted  by  Col.  P.  H. 
Callahan,  of  Louisville,  Ky. 

Mr.  Benedict  Elder,  also  of  Louis- 
ville, and  a  colleague  of  Col.  Callahan 's, 
likewise  does  a  work  that  is  altogether 
his  own.  He  directs  his  attention  prin- 
cipally to  newspapers  and  periodical 
publications,  and  an  excellent  specimen 
of  his  work  appears  in  the  December 
27th  issue  of  the  Nation,  which  is  per- 
haps the  best  and  probably  the  most 
widely  read  of  all  the  so-called 
"Liberal,"  or,  as  some  prefer,  "Radi- 
cal" journals. 

While  Colonel  Callahan  has  a  style 
all  his  own  in  approaching  his  subject 
or  correspondents,  Mr.  Elder  excels  in 
finishing  his  subjects,  or  rather  closing 
them  in  such  a  manner  that  nothing 
further  remains  to  be  said  in  the  prem- 
ises. Take,  for  example,  his  letter  to 
the  Naiion  just  referred  to,  on  "Cath- 
olics and  the  State."  It  runs  as  fol- 
lows :  '^■ 
To  the  Editor  of  the  N'ntion : 

Sir :  In  your  September  3  issue  is  a 
letter  from  David  Y.  Thomas  of  Fay- 
etteviF-e,  Arkansas,  in  whi.-,h  appears 
the  following  statement :  * '  The  supre- 
macy of  the  Church  over  the  State  is 
a  fimdamjntal  tenet  of  Catholicism." 
Judging  from  the  tone  of  his  letter, 
Mr.  Thomas  will  welcome  information 
showing  the  error  of  that  statement, 
while  the  Nation,  one  may  be  sure,  Avill 
not  object  to  it.  In  his  "Encyclical 
Letter  on  the  Christian  Constitution 
of  the  State,"  publidied  in  November, 
1885,  Pope  Leo  XIII,  addressing  his 
words  to  the  Catholics  of  the  entire 
world,  set  forth  Catholic  teaching  in 
respect  to  the  relations  of  Church  and 
State  in  the  following  words : 

"Almighty  God  has  appointed  the 
charge  of  the  human  race  between 
two  powers,  the  ecclesiastical  and 
the  civil,  the  one  being  set  over  divine 
and  the  other  over  human  things. 
Each  has  fixed  limits  within  which 
it  is  contained,  and  each  in  its  sphere 
is  supreme.  Whatever  is  of  a  sacred 


character,  belonging  either  of  its  own 

nature  or  by  reason  of  the  end  to 

which  it  is  referred  to  the  salvation 

of  souls  or  to  the  worship  of  God, 

is  subject  to  the  Church.    Whatever 

is  to  be  ranged  under  the  civil  and 

political  order  is  rightfully  subject 

to  the  civil  authorities." 

As  applied  to  America,  we  have  the 

interpretation  of  that  principle  from 

the  same  illustrious  Pontiff  given  in  an 

encyclical  letter  addressed  to  the  Cath- 

Oiics  of  America,  in  1895 : 

"All  men  will  agree  that  America 
seems  destined  for  great  things.  The 
Catholic  Church  should  not  only 
share  in,  but  should  help  to  bring 
about,  this  prospective  greatness. 
She  should  keep  equal  step  with  the 
Republic  in  the  march  of  improve- 
ment, striving  to  the  utmost  by  her 
virtue  and  her  institutions  to  aid  in 
the  rapid  growth  of  the  States, .... 
ever  keeping  before  the  minds  of  the 
people  the  enactments  of  the  Coun- 
cil of  Baltimore,  particularly  those 
which  inculcate  the  observance  of  the 
laws  and  institutions  of  the  Repub- 
lic." 

Of  more  recent  date  is  the  statement 
contained  in  the  pastoral  letter  of  the 
Catholic  archbishops  and  bishops  of 
our  country,  meeting  in  Washington  in 
1919,  as  follows: 

"The  State  has  a  sacred  claim 
upon  our  respect  and  loyalty.  It  may 
justly  impose  obligations  and  de- 
mand sacrifices  for  the  sake  of  the 
common  welfare  which  it  is  establish- 
ed to  promote.  Within  its  proper 
limits  it  has  a  right  to  our  obedience, 
and  this  obedience  we  are  bound  to 
render  not  merely  on  grounds  of 
expediency  but  as  a  conscientious 
duty. ' ' 

Benedict  Elder 


Judas 

By  Charles  J.  Quirk,  S.  J. 
He   comes!    The  vastest   wealth   and   love   to 

toss — 
Trrevocablj'! — unto  utter  loss! 
To  fling   God's  gift  down  Hell's  unplumbed 

abyss — 
To  sell  Salvation  with  a  traitorous  kiss! 


26 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


January  15 


(t^l^AA     ^°""^^    ^    PERPETUAL 

tplUUU  BURSE  for  a  native 
African  Seminarian  educated  by  the 
Society  of  St.  Peter  Claver.  The  interest 
on  this  amount  supports  a  seminarian 
during  the  four  years  preparatory  to 
ordination;  another  succeeds  him  as 
beneficiary  of  the  Burse,  and  so  on  in 
perpetuity.  Those  contributing  to  this 
laudable  charity  will  ever  be  remem- 
bered in  the  Holy  Sacrifice  offered  by 
these    African   priests. 


Donations  of  any  amount  will  be 
gratefully  accepted. 

The  Sodality  of  St.  Peter  Claver  has 
two  open  burse  funds:  one  in  honor  of 
the  Sacred  Heart  and  one  in  honor  of 
Our   Lady  of  Victory. 

(Any  one  is  at  liberty  to  found  or 
give  a  burse  in  honor  of  any  saint  or 
in  memory  of  a  relative  or  friend.) 


Address:    Society  of  St.  Peter  Claver,  Fullerton  Bldg.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 


Christian  Monism 

To  educated  Catholics  the  thought 
must  often  have  suggested  itself  of  the 
more  or  less  close  approximation  of 
certain  concepts  of  modern  Monism  to 
the  actual  truth  of  things  spiritual  and 
supernatural  as  manifested  to  us  by 
Revelation.  The  famous  Jesuit  scien- 
tist, Fr.  Eric  Wasmann,  in  his  work, 
'  *  Christian  Monism, ' '  lately  translated 
into  English  (B.  Herder  Book  Co.), 
has  analysed  and  elucidated  this 
thought.  As  he  points  out  in  the 
preface,  the  "fair  words  utilised  by 
Monists  to  cloak  the  inner  hollowness 
of  their  conception  of  the  Deity,  they 
have  tacitly  borrowed  from  the  natural 
theology  of  Christians."  Hence  the 
similarity. 


The  author,  in  tlie  space  of  123 
pages,  lucidly  and  strikingly  develops 
his  theme  as  indicated  in  the  title.  In 
his  own  words,  "It  is  the  age-long 
Christian  Monism,  the  only  true 
Monistic  teaching,  based  on  reason  and 
revelation,  that  I  would  fain  here 
present  to  my  readers  in  a  series  of 
pictures,  from  the  omnipresence  of  God 
to  participation  in  the  divine  Nature." 

The  book  should  be  an  inspiration, 
if  not  a  revelation,  to  every  educated 
Catholic.  An  Anglican  clergyman,  the 
Rev.  Spencer  Jones,  has  %vritten  an 
interesting  introduction  of  some  two 
dozen  pages  on  Father  Wasmann 's 
splendid  achievements  as  a  scientist 
and  a  defender  of  genuine  Christian 
philosophy. 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


27 


Double  Jubilee  of  the  Society  of  the 
Divine  Word 

Our  highly  esteemed  contemporary, 
the  Christian  Family,  has  begun  the 
new  year,  the  twentieth  of  its  publica- 
tion, with  a  handsome  new  cover  and 
announces  in  its  January  issue  that 
the  Society  of  the  Divine  Word,  which 
publishes  this  and  several  other  maga- 
zines and  conducts  St.  Mary's  Mission 
House  at  Teehny,  111.,  and  three  other 
mission  seminaries  in  this  countr}',  and 
whose  members  labor  in  five  continents, 
will  celebrate  a  double  jubilee  this 
year — the  50th  anniversary  of  its  foun- 
dation in  Europe  and  the  25th  of  its 
establishment  in  North  America.  The 
schedule  of  festivities  at  the  mother 
house  in  Teehny  includes  the  repeated 
performance  of  one  or  several  mission 
plays  on  an  open-air  stage,  a  big  bazaar 
managed  by  the  Retreatauts'  League  of 
Chicago,  solemn  religious  services  in 
the  new  Holy  Ghost  Church,  and  other 
features. 

In  the  course  of  1925  an  American 
translation  of  Father  Fischer's  Life  of 
Arnold  Jansen,  the  saintly  founder  of 
the  S.  V.  D.,  will  be  published,  besides 
a  number  of  other  large  and  small 
volumes  by  other  members  of  the  So- 
ciety, including,  if  we  are  correctly  in- 
formed, an  English  adaptation  of  the 
present  General,  Father  Gier's,  ad- 
mirable booklet,  "Wie  lernt  man  gut 
beten?" 

The  jubilee  is,  of  course,  primarily 
a  family  affair,  but  the  Society  invites 
all  its  friends  to  ''jubilate"  with  it. 
Those  who,  like  the  Editor  of  the  F.  R., 
have  witnessed  the  establishment  of  the 
S.  V.  D.  on  American  soil  and  have 
been  privileged  to  watch  it  grow  from 
year  to  year  until  it  has  become  a  great 
and  splendid  organization,  will  gladly 
join  in  its  paeans  of  thanksgiving  and 
praise,  and  pray  that  it  will  accomplish 
its  objects,  first  among  which  is  the 
promotion  of  the  foreign  missions,  ever 
more  efficiently  and  with  constantl}^ 
growing  success.  We  know  of  no  re- 
ligious congregation  in  America  that 
has  retained  so  much  of  the  primitive 
fervor  and  zeal  inspired  by  a  holy 
founder  as  the  S.  V.  D.  Vivat,  f  lor  eat, 
crescat! 


Building  a  Colored  Priesthood 

A  question  that  many  bishops  and 
priests  speculate  on  is:  "Will  St. 
Augustine's  Seminary  for  Colored 
Priests  at  Bay  St.  Louis,  Mississippi, 
be  a  success?"  Less  in  the  ab- 
stract it  would  be :  "Do  the  boys  at 
St.  Augustine's  possess  the  vocational 
qualities  of  aptitude  and  priestly  as- 
piration? Do  they,  in  the  stages  of 
preparation,  give  promise  of  flowering 
into  true  priests  of  God? 

Hy  quietly  nurturing  the  young  can- 
didates in  the  ways  of  sanctity  and 
learning,  and  finally  placing  them  un- 
der the  ordaining  hands  of  the  bishop, 
does  the  institution  intend  to  solve  the 
problem.  Although  the  ultimate  step 
is  but  half  reached^ — the  first  class 
graduates  next  year — a  word  may  help 
to  presage  the  outcome. 

The  writer,  w^ho  happens  to  be  in 
direct  charge  of  the  students,  can  vouch 
for  the  vocational  signs,  and  the  course 
of  studies  will  answer  for  their  proper 
development.  Some  may  like  to  know 
what  sort  of  training  these  Colored  boys 
receive. 

The  educational  training  is  very 
strict.  Not  only  is  every  branch  of 
stud}^  required  by  clerical  seminaries 
included  in  the  schedule,  but  the  matter 
is  taken  up  with  a  thoroughness  and 
an  insistence  that  will  allow  no  unfit 
candidate  to  filter  through.  Further- 
more, no  pains  are  spared  to  ground 
them  in  true  sanctity,  because  if  the 
Colored  priest  of  our  day  needs  any- 
thing, it  is  the  virtues  of  a  saint.  This, 
together  with  the  rigid  discipline  that 
prevails  and  the  duration  of  it  all  for 
thirteen  years,  will  test  the  genuine- 
ness of  their  qualities. 

The  manner  in  which  the  students 
respond  to  this  ordeal  is  gratifying. 
Not  only  do  they  come  up  to  the  de- 
mands of  a  stern  professorate,  but  they 
please  by  the  seriousness  with  which 
they  study  and  strive.  It  is  true,  there 
are  some  who  must  wrangle  with  Greek, 
but  the  weakness  they  show  in  this 
difficult  language  is  generally  compen- 
sated for  by  the  ease  with  which  they 
master  the  precepts  of  dramatic  art 
and  sacred  oratory.     To  religion  they 


28 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


January  15 


always  respond  Avith  readiness,  and  to 
discipline  they  yield  with  no  adoo. 

That  the  Mission  House  is  b.essed  by 
God  we  earnestly  believe.  That,  plus 
cultivated  aptitude  and  inclination 
makes  a  priest.  Yet  St.  Augustine's 
must  be  looked  upon  with  suspended 
judgement  if  not  with  mistrust  l)e- 
cause  it  is  a  new  project.  Only  the 
reality  can  subdue  mistrust.  Columbus 
could  not  have  proved  the  existence  of 
a  new  wor.d  except  by  finding  it.  Later 
on  the  Colored  priest  will  be  as  ac- 
cepted a  person  as  a  Colored  busmess 
man.  Florian  J.  Haas,  S.  V.  I). 


The  Cult  cf  the  "Unknown  Soldier" 

On  the  occasion  of  the  Holy  Name 
convention  in  Washington,  a  number  of 
Catholics  were  persuaded  to  pay  hom- 
age   at    the    tomb    of   the    "Unknown 
Soldier,"    The  underlying  idea  of  this 
cult, — for  it  has  grown  to  the  propor- 
tions of  a  veritable  cult, — is  not  Chris- 
tian, but  pagan.     La  Revue  Interna- 
Huiiale    des    Socieics    Secretes     ( Vol. 
XIII,  No.  44)  traces  it  to  Freemasonry. 
"Man,"     sa\'s     our     French     contem- 
porary, "cannot  do  without  religion. 
He  must  have  some  sort  of  relii,ious 
faith.     If  he  rejects  the  true  religion, 
he  deforms  it  on  the  pretext  of  reform- 
ing it,  or  he  parodies  it,  or  he  turns  it 
into  idolatry.      If  he  is  civilized,  this 
idolatry  becomes  the  very  worst  of  idol- 
atries,   namely,    the    cult    of    Reason, 
who  makes  man  her  god — man  immor- 
tali::ing  himself  in  science,  man  capable 
of   indetinite    perfection,   man    become 
god.     This  is  the  Masonic  myth,  from 
which    without    a    doubt    sprang    the 
cult  of  the  Unknown  Soldier.     He  is 
a  creature  of  the  Lodge.     He  has  all 
the  earmarks  of  the  sect.  Like  Masonry, 
he   has   qui.kly   become    international, 
interdenominational,  and  anti-Catholi-, 
inasmucli    as,    after    having    been    the 
subject  of  a  purely  civil  jnterment,  he 
has  been  made  the  object  of  a  quasi- 
pagan  worship,  far  removed  from  the 
Catholic  idea  expressed  in  the  phrase, 
'no  flowers.'  " 

It  is  sad  to  see  American  Catholics 
taking  part  in  this  pagan  cult  so  cor- 
rectly described  by  the  great  anti- 
Masonic  review  of  Paris.         C.  D.  U. 


TWO    NEW    RECORD    BOOKS 
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1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


29 


The  Catholic  Big  Brother  Movement 

A  little  illustrated  brochure,  "The 
Archdio^esan  Union  of  the  Holy  Name 
Society  of  Chicago ;  the  Holy  Name 
Big  Brother,"  deiines  the  scope  of  the 
so-called  Holy  Name  Big  Brother  move- 
ment in  the  Elinois  metropolis.  This 
movement,  we  be.ieve,  was  inaugurated 
by  Bi  hop  McGavick,  of  La  Crosse, 
Wis.,  while  auxiliary  to  the  Archbidiop 
of  Chicago.  Strangely  enough  his 
name  is  not  mentioned  in  this  pamph- 
let. 

The  necessity  of  this  particular  kind 
of  constructive  work  of  Christian  so- 
cial reform,  i.  e.,  the  reclamation  of 
delinquent  boys,  cannot  be  overestim- 
ated, and  we  are  glad  to  note  the 
amount  of  good  accomplished  by  a 
number  of  zealous  Chicago  laymen,  who 
are  making  an  effort  to  pick  up  and 
save  those  who  are  "more  sinned 
against  than  sinning." 

It  seems  the  Big  Brothers  of  Chicago 
have  ri  n  up  against  the  same  snag 
which  the  F.  R,  some  years  ago,-  in  a 
series  of  arti  des  by  the  present  writer, 
described  as  "the  godless  home."  Let 
them  be  mindful  of  the  fact  that,  since 
the  underh'ing  causes  of  the  boy  prob- 
lem are  moral,  laymen  and  the  civil 
tribunals  alone  cannot  remove  them. 
It  requires  reJgion  and,  therefore,  the 
servLes  of  the  priest,  who  alone  can 
gain  the  absolute  confidence  of  erring 
lads.  Unfortiuiatel}',  the  average  pas- 
tor is  not  particularly  interested  in  the 
problem,  and  hears  boys'  confessions 
at  the  rate  of  40  or  50  per  hour,  quod 
impossibile  videtur. 

We  have  no  faith  at  all  in  the  "con- 
fession card  system,"  which  obliges 
the  spiritually  negligent  boy  to  go  to 
confession  as  a  conditio  sine  qua  no7i 
of  getting  a  job.  These  boys,  as  a  rule, 
are  not  well  grounded  in  religion,  and 
we  challenge  anybody  to  make  such  a 
boy  ted  the  truth  if  he  is  determined 
to  lie.  Young  people,  if  properly  train- 
ed, will  go  to  confession  voluntarily, 
to  unburden  their  conscience;  they 
should  not  be  forced  to  go  as  the  price 
of  a  job. 

This  is  not  belittling  the  work  of  the 
Big  Brothers,   however.       They  have 


done  much  good,  and  we  sincerely  hope 
this  brochure  wdd  make  new  friends 
for  the  noble  work  in  which  they  are 
Fr.  A.  Bomholt 


engaged 


Notes  and  Gleanings 


The  F.  R.  and  its  editor  have  lost 
a  very  dear  friend  by  the  death  of  Mr. 
Joseph  Gummersbach  (see  the  necro- 
logue by  Mr.  Kenkel,  p.  23).  Less 
than  two  years  ago  we  paid  a  deserved 
tribute  to  his  "honesty,  kindliness, 
business  acumen,  and  unquenchable 
idealism"  in  an  article  we  wrote  (Vol. 

XXX,  No.  15,  p.  298)  on  the  occasion 
of  the  golden  jubilee  of  the  B.  Herder 
Book  Co.,  of  which  he  was  the  founder 
and  president.  Archbishop  Glennon  in 
a  touching  address  de.ivered  at  the 
dead  man's  bier  justly  emphasized  his 
merits  as  a  Catholic  publisher,  whi^h 
were  fittingly  recognized  by  the  Holy 
See  when  it  made  him  a  Knight  of  St. 
Gregory  and  bestowed  on  him  the  modal 
pro  Lcclesia  et  Pontifice.  His  interest 
in  the  Catholic  press  was  life-long  and 
generous.  For  years  he  was  publisher, 
of  the  Past  oral 'Blatt  and  president  of 
the  Herold  des  Glauhens  and  the 
Amerika.  The  F.  R.,  too,  experienced 
many  proois  of  his  sympathy  and  good 
will.  Mr.  G.  was  not  only  a  good  man 
and  an  exemplary  Catholic,  but  gifted 
with  remarkable  humor  and  a  sunny 
disposition  that  made  him  friends 
wherever  he  went.  All  who  knew  him 
intimately  wi.l  miss  him,  and  it  can 
be  truly  said  of  him:  ^'Multis  ille  bonis 
fiebilis  occidit."  May  his  noble  soul 
rest  in  peace ! 

In  Vol.  V,  No.  11  of  his  interesting 
and  valuable  apologetic  monthly.  Revue 
des  Objections  (Paris,  53  Ave.  Bosquet 
vii).  Canon  Coube  quotes  the  opinions 
of  two  contemporary  theologians,  the 
one  a  Frenchman,  the  other  a  Belgian, 
on  the  so-callrd  private  revelations  of 
Ven.  Ann  Catherine  Emmerick,  which 
we  have  repeatedly  discussed  in  this 
magazine      (more     recently     in     Vol. 

XXXI,  pp.  11,  29,  50,  112,  157).  The 
French  theologian  is  Pere  Terrien,  S« 
J.,  who  says  in  his  famous  work,  "La 


30 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


January  15 


Mere  tie  Dieu,"  (Vol.  II,  pp.  358  sq.) 
that  Ann  Catherine's  Life  of  the  Bless- 
ed Virgin  is  full  of  manifestly  legend- 
ary details,  derived  from  apocryphal 
sources,  and  that  her  account  of 
Christ's  Dolorous  Passion  contains  so 
many  bizarre  statements  that  one  can- 
not say,  "The  finger  of  God  is  here," 
but  must  admit  that  human  imagina- 
tion has  been  busily  at  work.  Tlie 
noted  Belgian  Redemptorist  Father  F. 
X.  Godts,  in  his  recent  book,  "La  De- 
finibilite  Dogmatique  de  I'Assomption 
Corporelle  de  la  Tres  Sainte  Vierge," 
says  that  "the  importance  of  the  pious 
meditations  of  the  stigmatized  nun  [of 
Diilmen]  is  unfortunately  very  much 
exaggerated. ' ' 

"Anatole  France,"  says  a  writer 
in  the  London  Times,  "pleased  by  his 
voluptuousness."  "Of  sexual  love  he 
wrote  frequently  in  a  fashion  which  it 
is  easy  to  call  gross,"  said  another 
apologist  for  indecency  in  the  Saturday 
Review,  not  realizing  that,  if  it  is  easy 
to  call  such  writing  gross,  it  is  because 
it  actually  is  gross.  Nowhere  outside 
the  Catholic  press  is  there  any  open 
condemnation  of  this  cultured  sensu- 
alist, who,  in  the  words  of  the  Month 
(No.  725),  "scoffs  at  the  reality  of 
everything  noble,  whose  whole  philos- 
ophy is  earthly  and  degrading,  who 
has  poisoned  the  minds  of  generations 
of  his  countrymen,  whose  brilliant  geni- 
us is  often  but  the  phosphorescent 
glimmer  that  indicates  putrescence." 
Anatole  France  has  gone  to  his  account, 
mourned  by  his  own  kind,  but  unfortu- 
nately his  works  live  after  him. 


From  a  •  letter  addressed  by  Justin 
McGrath,  director  of  the  Department 
of  Publicity,  Press,  and  Literature  of 
the  N.  C.  W.  C,  to  Albert  Foisy,  editor 
of  La  Sentinelle,  of  Woonsocket,  R.  I., 
and  published  by  that  journal  on  Nov. 
28,  1924,  it  appears  that  the  news  ser- 
vice of  the  Department  "cannot  be 
furnished  to  any  publication  which  has 
not  received  the  approval  of  the  Bishop 
of  the  diocese."  La  SentineUe,  a  French 
Catholic  daily  newspaper  established 
early  in  1924,  had  been  promised  the 
news  service,  but  was  cut  off  upon  a 


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31 


protest  from  Bishop  Hiekey  of  Pro- 
vidence. In  informing  the  editor  of 
this  fact,  Mr.  McGrath  adds:  "I  never 
for  a  moment  imagined  that  an  ex- 
perienced editor,  such  as  yourself, 
would  undertake  the  publication  of  a 
Catholic  journal  without  first  obtaining 
the  approval  of  the  bishop  in  whose 
diocese  you  intended  to  publish.'" 
From  which  it  is  evident  that  the  N. 
C.  W.  C.  news  service  is  being  used 
to  eliminate  newspapers  that  for  some 
reason  are  not  agreeable  to  the  local 
ordinary,  even  though  they  may  be 
thoroughly  Catholic,  like  La  Sentinelle, 
and  highly  praised  by  other  bishops, 
as  the  Woonsocket  paper  was  by  Cardi- 
nal Begin  of  Quebec  and  nearly  all  the 
bishops  of  French  Canada.  La  Senti- 
nelle, by  the  way,  whether  in  conse- 
quence of  the  action  taken  by  Mr.  Mc- 
Grath, or  for  other  reasons,  has  ceased 
to  be  a  daily  and  is  now  published  once 
a  week. 


Mr.  Wm.  D.  Guthrie,  the  distinguish- 
ed New  York  Catholic  attorney,  has 
contributed  to  No.  1489  of  the  Paris 
Correspojidant  a  valuable  paper  on 
"La  Liberie  Scolaire  aux  Etats-Unis," 
in  which  the  freedom  of  education  in 
this  country  is  dealt  with  at  some 
length  and  in  a  way  to  render  our 
American  situation  intelligible  to 
European  readers. 

There  is  good  reason  to  believe  that 
second  class  mail,  on  a  fair  allocation  of 
the  costs  of  the  service,  would  be  found 
to  be  more  than  self-sustaining  at  the 
present  rates.  Justification  for  this 
belief  is  found  in  the  fact  that  matter 
of  this  class  is  hauled  by  express  at  a 
cent  a  pound  for  distances  for  which 
the  post  office  now  charges  2  and  3,  and 
proposes  to  charge  4;  that  in  the  rail- 
way baggage  service  rates  for  such 
matter  run  as  low  as  half  a  cent  a 
pound,  and  that  express  'companies 
haul  and  deliver  at  pound  rates  com- 
parable with  the  second-class  postal 
rates.  These  services  are  all  by  private 
carriage  and  on  a  basis  of  profit.  The 
postal  rates  now  proposed  would  be 
ruinous  to  a  great  many  publications 
and  make  the  costs  of  distribution  ex- 


cessive to  all.  If  Congress  is  going  to 
consider  a  readjustment  of  mail  rates 
it  should  thoroughly  investigate  the 
whole  field  before  it  undertakes  legisla- 
tion on  a  matter  so  complicated  and 
so  intimately  involving  the  public  as 
well  as  private  interests  that  are  en- 
titled to  a  fair  consideration. 


In  an  article,  "New  Light  on  the 
Origin  of  the  Aboriginal  Americans" 
(F.  R.,  July  15,  1924),  the  Rev.  Albert 
Muntsch,  S.  J.,  briefly  stated  some 
arguments  for  the  Asiatic  provenience 
of  our  American  Indians.  He  conclud- 
ed his  article  as  follows :  "xVt  any  rate, 
we  have  here  further  proof  of  the 
spread  of  the  human  race  from  'some- 
where in  Asia,'  or  from  Northeastern 
Africa  (Egypt),  close  to  the  regions 
famous  in  Old  Testament  history,  and 
close  to  the  Asiatic  Continent."  The 
same  opinion  is  maintained  in  a  recent 
work  by  a  well-known  English  anthro- 
pologist. Professor  G.  Elliot  Smith. 
This  work,  entitled  "Elephants  and 
Anthropologists,"  is  mainly  a  study 
of  the  remarkable  similarity  of  the 
pre-Columbian  sculpture  of  Central 
America  to  Old-World  works  of  art. 
The  London  Times  Literary  Supple- 
ment (1924,  p.  365)  concludes  a  re- 
view of  the  book  as  follows :  "In  our 
opinion  the  facts  and  arguments  in  this 
book  strongly  reinforce  the  general 
thesis  that  ihe  pre-Columbian  civiliza- 
tions of  America  are  locally  modified 
offshoots  of  the  culture  of  the  Old 
World." 


Correspondence 

Why     is     Authority     so     Little     Respected? 

To  the  Editor:— 

The  question  is  not  difficult  to  answer. 
History  and  daily  experience  tell  us  that 
authority  has  been  abused  and  is  still  abused 
in  Church  and  State.  Why  are  kings  only 
figureheads  to-day?  Have  there  been  many 
reasonable  kings?  Louis  XIV  had  the  auda- 
city to  say :  "I  am  the  State. ' '  Some  of 
his  successors  were  decapitated.  The  pendu- 
lum always  swings  back.  That  is  a  law  of 
nature.  All  those  who  are  in  high  position 
in  Church  and  State  should  remember  this. 
The  days  of  bulldozing  are  past.  The  world 
has  progressed  in  this  respect.  Let  those 
in    authority    use    kindness,    common    sense, 


32 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


January  15 


justice  and  charity,  then  they  will  not  be 
failures.  The  dignity  of  human  nature  must 
be  respected  in  every  man.  Tyranny  is  anti- 
Christian.  Leo  XIII  says:  "No  man  may 
with  impunity  outrage  that  human  dignity 
■»'hich  God  Himself  treats  with  reverence  .... 
Nay  more;  no  man  has  in  this  matter  power 
over  hhnself.  To  consent  to  any  treatment 
■which  is  calculated  to  defeat  the  end  and 
purpose  of  his  being  is  beyond  his  right ;  he 
cannot  give  up  his  soul  to  servitude;  for  it 
is  not  man 's  own  rights  which  are  here  in 
question,  but  the  rights  of  God,  the  most 
sacred  and  inviolable  of  rights."  ("The 
Pope  and  the  People,"  p.  204.)  These  words 
are  found  in  the  famous  encyclical  letter 
"On  thj  Condition  of  the  Working  Classjs, " 
Tihich  all  those  in  authority  either  in  Church 
or  State  would  do  well  to  take  for  thjir  guide. 
All  who  are  raised  to  high  position  in  Church 
or  State  should,  with  Solomon,  ask  God  for 
wisdom,  which  is  so  much  needed  for  the 
governance  of  men.  Very  few  have  that 
wisdom  because  pride  prevents  them  from 
asking  God  for  it.  May  humility  guide  all 
those  who  have  the  reins  of  government 
either  in  Church  or  State, — guide  them  to 
the  Throne  of  Divine  Wisdom ;  then  dis- 
respect for  authority  will  be  heard  of  no 
more. 
Denton,  Tex.  (Rev.)  Raymond  Vernimont 


A   Republican    Plaint 

To  tlie  Editor:  — 

Your  correspondent  "D.  A.  D."  (F.  R., 
XXXII,  2,  p.  i3),  who  is  evidently  a  zealous 
Democrat,  need  not  think  that  we  Republi- 
cans did  not  have  relig.ous  troubles  of  our 
own  .n  .he  recent  campaign.  Being  in  Wash- 
ington and  holding  a  position  since  the  days 
of  McKiniey,  I  can  truthfully  say  thnt  we 
Republicans  never  before  were  so  shocked 
anu  surprised  as  when  the  direct  charge  of 
prejudice  was  made  against  President 
Coolidge  and  Secretary  Mellon  by  our  Arch- 
bishop Curley,  just  a  few  weeks  before  the 
election.  Like  our  friend,  "D.  A.  D.",  speak- 
ing for  the  Democrats,  we  Republicans  feel 
that  this  too  was  planned  and  intended  for 
political  effect. 

The  Archbishop  charged  that  Catholics  were 
being  discriminated  against  in  the  government 
departments,  both  in  the  way  of  work  and 
p^ou.otions,  creating  a  great  deal  of  political 
•ons  ei;nation.  As  Ih'  r  port  was  carried  by 
newspapers  throughout  the  country,  I  think 
it  w-as  most  unfortun;ite  that  it  should  have 
happ  ned  just  before  the  election,  for  at  such 
times  these  things  arc^  always  misinterpreted. 

When  President  Coolidge  and  Secretary 
Mellon  asked  for  specific  cases,  so  that  an  in- 
vest ij.' at  ion  could  be  made,  there  was  nothing 
coming  from  His  Grace  of  a  tangible  charac- 
ter, uhi  h  made  matters  all  the  worse. 

Therefore,  the  Democrats  have  no  reason 
to  complain,  because  we  Republicans  got  as 
bad  a  deal  as  the  v. 


HENRY  P.  HESS 

ARCHITECT 
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1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EE\T:EW 


33 


As  we  used  to  say  back  in  Ohio,  it's  a  ease 
of   "horse  and  horse." 
Washington,  D.  C.  M.  W.  M. 


About  Dancing 

To  the  Editor:— 

Dancing  is  merely  the  natural  expression  of 
a  very  human  sentiment.  The  joy  of  living 
goes  to  one's  arms  and  legs,  and  one  starts  to 
dance,  as  we  can  see  among  little  children. 
There  are  many  individuals  who  do  not  dance, 
but  th  re  is  no  nation  that  has  not  its  own 
peculiar  and  favorite  dances.  Among  ancient 
nations  dancing  was  a  part  of  the  religious 
ritual.  The  wise  Solomon  says  there  is  a 
time  to  weep  and  a  time  to  rejoice  and  dance. 
The  Greeks  developed  dancing  into  an  art, 
which  was  perfected  by  the  Eomans.  In  the 
Middle  Ages,  after  tlie  pagan  dances  had 
been  Christianized,  the  Catholic  Church  warm- 
ly encouraged  dancing.  The  opponents  of 
dancing  say  that  it  is  a  proximate  occasion  of 
sin.  I  ask:  Cannot  every  meeting  of  per- 
sons of  diiferent  sexes  become  an  occasion  of 
sin?  As  regards  abuse,  shall  we  abolish  God 
because  His  name  is  often  taken  in  vain?  Dr. 
Koch  is  quoted  in  the  F.  R.  (XXXI,  24.  p. 
480)  as  saying  that  "the  best  dances  are  not 
above  suspicion,  and  therefore  dancing  should 
be  indulged  in  but  rarely  and  for  a  short 
time. ' '  My  opinion  is  that  we  should  try 
to  ennoble  dancing  and  make  it  more  artistic, 
rather  than  prescribe  how  long  people  should 
dance  and  what  dances  th  >y  may  indulge  in. 
Liberty,   111.  (Rev.)    Wm.   Pietsch 


Broadcasting  Worldly  Church  Music 

To  the  Editor:  — 

Th'  midnight  solemn  High  Mass  was  this 
year  like  last  year  and  two  years  ago,  broad- 
east  from  the  Old  Catliedral  in  St.  Louis  by 
the  Post  Dispatch  Station.  I  had  heard  so 
much  praise  of  the  fonuer  broadcasting  by 
different  people  in  the  country.  Catholics 
and  Protestants  alike,  that  I  concluded  to 
listen  in  this  time,  although  Christmas  night 
is  of  all  nights  the  one  which  drives  me  to 
bed  early.  But,  oh,  what  a  disappointment ! 
It  is  bad  enough  when  Catholic  choirs  dis- 
regard the  laws  of  the  Church  in  regard  to 
church  music,  but  it  sounds  ahuost  like 
apostacy  when  this  thing  is  broadcast.  There 
was  no  harmony  between  the  choir  loft  and  the 
altar.  Here  the  dignified  action,  up  there 
profane,  theatrical  music.  St.  Augustine 
says:  "When  it  happens  to  me  that  I  am 
more  moved  by  the  singing  than  by  the  text 
sung,  I  confess  that  I  am  sinning,  and  then  I 
would  rather  not  listen  to  the  singer. ' '  St. 
Jerome  condemns  those  who  sing  theatrical 
songs  in  church,  not  to  excite  devotion,  but 
for  show  and  delight.  But,  what  is  the  use  of 
quoting  authorities?  We  know  the  legislation 
of  mother  Church  in  the  matter  of  church 
music.  "It  can  not  be  done,"  is  the  usual 
answer  to  the  question,  why  not  real  church 


music,  Gregorian  or  other?  The  singers  ob- 
ject, the  organist  objects;  the  pastor  does  not 
know  much  about  music,  and  so  he  lets  things 
run  on  and  waits  until  the  Ordinary  issues  an 
order.  But  why  should  the  bishop  come  out 
with  an  especial  ord.r,  when  the  general  law  of 
the  Church  is  plain?  What  we  need  is  more 
backbone.  This  reminds  me  of  the  case  of  a 
priest  who  was  anxious  to  root  out  certain 
abuses  in  his  parish.  Not  having  the  courage 
to  oppose  the  guilty  persons  directly  he  had 
one  of  his  parishioners  write  to  the  bishop, 
complaining  that  his  pastor  tol, rated  or  seem- 
ed to  tolerate  this  abuse,  hoping  that  the 
bishop  would  Avrite  a  strong  letter,  whih  the 
pastor  could  read  from  the  altar.  Instead, 
the  bishop  sent  this  letter  to  the  pastor  mark- 
ing undern.ath  the  .paragraph  and  number 
of  the  church  law  forbidding  that  respective 
abu^e.  A  Priest 


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THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


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ton.  La. 


BOOK  REVIEV/S 


Nickerson's   History   of   the   Inquisition 

The  Inquisition,  undoubtedly  one  of  the 
most  difficult  and  disagreeable  themes  of  me- 
dieval Church  history,  has  lately  been  made 
the  subject  of  scholarly  monographs  which  en- 
able the  average  reader  to  form  a  correct 
opinion  on  this  much-maligned  institution. 
We  recall  particularly  the  works  of  Douais, 
Vaeandard,  Th.  de  Cauzons,  Guiraud,  and 
Turberville,  who  have  refuted  the  one  sided 
and  tendentious  statements  of  Henry  Charles 
Lea  ("A  Hi..tory  of  the  Inquisition  in  the 
Middle  Ages,"  3  vols..  New  York,  1888)  and 
given  a  true  account  of  the  medieval  tribu- 
nal for  the  trial  of  heretics.  The  best  sum- 
mary of  their  conclusions  can  be  fourd  in 
Vaeandard 's  article  in  the  "Dictionnaire  de 
Thaologie  Catholique, "  fasc.  56/57  Paris, 
1923,  pp.  2016-67. 

In  view  of  the  facts  set  forth  above  one 
may  judge  that  it  can  be  no  easy  task  for 
any  writer  to  produce  a  worth-while  book  on 
the  Inquisition.  Yet  Hoffman  Nickerson  has 
entered  the  lists  with  a  volume  on  "  Th?  In- 
quisition, a  Political  and  Military  Study  of 
its  Establishment"  (Houghton  Mifflin  Co., 
1923).  The  author  not  only  aims  at  giving 
a  historical  exposition  of  his  thL>me,  but  also 
— at  combating  prohibition!  He  devotes  a 
lengthy  epilogue  (pp.  220-252)  to  the  latter 
subject  and  strives  to  demonstrate  that  pro- 
hibition, with  its  damnable  intolerance,  pre- 
sents a  pretty  close  historical  parallel  to  the 
medieval  Inquisition,  that  it  is  the  result  of 
fanatical  Puritanism,  and  that  it  is  even 
more  directly  opposed  to  the  spirit  of  Christ 
than  was  the  persecution  of  heretics. 

It  is  questionable  whether  this  strange  ad- 
mixture of  present-day  political  partisanship 
with  history  can  be  brought  into  harmony  with 


36 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


January  15 


the  ideal  of  the  true  historian,  which  is  to 
describe  the  past  as  it  was,  sine  ira  et  studio, 
to  interpret  it  in  its  own  light,  even  when 
it  seems  ineomprthensible  and  repugnant  to 
the  present  generation.  We  must  admit, 
however,  that  Mr.  Nickerson  has  tried  hard 
to  evaluate  the  origin,  nature,  and  early  de- 
velopment of  the  Inquisition  with  the  great- 
est possible  objectivity.  He  has  studied  a 
considerable  portion  of  the  literature  of  his 
subject  (there  is  a  rather  incomplete  biblio- 
graphy on  pp.  253-258)  and  describes,  accu- 
rately in  the  main,  though  not  very  profound- 
ly and  without  references  to  his  sources,  the 
growth  of  the  Cathari  in  Southern  France 
and  the  battles  fought  against  this  pernicious 
sect  in  the  Albigensian  wars  and  by  the 
Inquisition.  He  devotes  particular  attention 
to  the  military  features  of  these  wars. 

In  the  concluding  chapter  of  the  book,  on 
the  mendicant  orders  and  the  Inquisition,  he 
passes  a  general  judgment  on  this  medieval 
institution  and  states  the  reasons  for  that 
judgment,  which,  be  it  remarked,  is  unexpect- 
edly mild  for  a  non-Catholic — Nickerson  is  an 
Episcopalian.  He  shows  its  justification  in 
the  tout-enscmhle  of  medieval  culture,  of 
which  hi  has  a  very  high  opinion,  without  in 
the  least  trying  to  conceal  its  defects  and 
weak  points.  Like  Vacandard,  he  regards 
its  procedure  as  violent  and  barbaric,  but  at 
the  same  time  calls  attention  to  the  fact  that 
even  in  our  highly  cultured  age  lynching  is 
still  in  vogue  and  the  recent  World  War  was 
characterized  by  all  sorts  of  inhuman  cruel- 
ties and  an  inexcusable  terrorism,  so  that  we 
have  no  reason  to  throw  stones  at  our  me- 
dieval  forbears. 

Nickerson  's  book  is  characterized  by  con- 
stant comparisons  between  medieval  and 
modern  conditions,  which  lend  it  the  charm 
of  what  Emerson  called  contemporaneousness, 
but  involves  the  danger  of  anachronism — a 
danger  which  the  author  has  not  entirely  es- 
caped. The  massacre  of  Beziers  (1209)  with 
th?  alleged  cruel  command  of  the  papal  le- 
gate, Abbot  Arnold  of  Citeaux :  ' '  Kill  them 
all,  foi-  God  will  know  His  own" — "  Caedite 
eos  (i.  e.,  haereticos  et  catholicos)  ;  novit  enim 
Dominus  qui  sunt  eius"  (Caesarius  Heister- 
bacen.s,  Dialogus  Miraeulorum,  ed.  Strange, 
Coloniae,  1851,  301  sq.),  which  is  still  occas- 
ionally cited  by  anti-Catholic  writers,  should 
have  been  treated  more  adequately  and  criti- 
cally in  the  light  of  the  information  gatli?r- 
ed  by  Eastoul  (Eevtie  Pratique  d'Apologe- 
tique,  I,  1906,  5.)8-511)  and  Guiraud  (article 
"Albigeois"  in  the  "Dictionnaire  d'Histoire 
et  de  Geographic  Eeclesiastique, "  fasc.  6, 
Paris,  1912,  1619-1694),  with  which  Mr. 
Nickerson  seems  unacquainted.  The  latest  pub- 
lications on  the  Cathari  and  Albigenses  by 
Broeckx  (Louvain,  1916)  and  H.  J.  Warner 
(London,  1922)  also  appear  to  have  escaped 
the  author's  attention. 


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'raven,   Mrs.   Augustus.     A   Sister's   Story. 
Tr.  by  Emily  Bowles,  revised  and  adapt- 
ed by  J.  C.  Reville,  S.  J.,  N.  Y.,  1924.  $1. 

itanley,  Hy.  !?.[.  My  Trav?ls  and  Adventures 
in  America  and  Asia.  2  vols.  N.  Y.,  1905. 
$2  50. 

Alphonsus,  St.  Theologia  Lloralis.  Ed.  M. 
Hariuger,  C.  SS.  R.,  2a.  Ratisbon,  1879. 
8  vols.     $6.30. 

.Vatts,  N.  Love  Songs  of  Sion.  A  Selec- 
tion of  Devotional  Verse  from  Old  English 
Sources.     London,  1924.     $1. 

Sjjecking,  Inez.  The  Awakening  of  Edith, 
A  Boarding  School  Storv.  N.  Y.,  1924. 
$1. 

Lord,  Dan.  A.,  S.  J.  Our  Nuns;  The^.r  Varied 
and  Vital  ttervice  for  God  and  Country. 
De  Luxe  ed.  N.  Y.,  1924.     $2. 

Al.  de  Immac.  Conceptione.  Des  HI. 
Johannes  vom  Kreuz  Dunkle  Nacht,  nach 
den  neusten  krit.  Ausgaben  iibersetzt. 
Munich,  1924.  $1. 

The  Small  Missal.  Containing  the  Proper 
of  the  Mass  for  all  Sundays  and  Holy- 
days  of  the  Year,  Vespers,  Compline,  etc. 
London,  1924.     $1.25. 

Karrer,  Otto,  S.  J.  Der  hi.  Franz  von 
Borja,  General  der  Gesellschaft  Jesu. 
1515-1572.  Mit  einem  Titelbild.  Frei- 
burg,  1921.     $2. 

Rost,  Dr.  Hans.  Die  Kulturkraft  des 
Katholizismus.     3rd  edition.     Paderborn, 

1923.  $1.50. 

THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 
5851    Etzel    Ave.  St.    Louis,    Mo. 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


37 


Literary  Briefs 

— Not  a  few  leading  magazines  to-day  have 
departments  of  "Foreign  Relations"  and 
' '  International  News.  "  It  is  not  suspected  by 
many  that  our  scientifically  edited  missionary 
magazines  sometimes  convey  information  of 
the  most  reliable  kind  on  matters  of  foreign, 
and  perhaps  world-wide  interest.  For  the 
writers  of  articles  in  missionary  Journals  are 
neither  cub  reporters  looking  for  a  ' '  scoop, ' ' 
nor  paid  newspaper  men  writing  at  the  dicta- 
tion of  the  editors.  They  are  generally  men 
who  have  lived  in  the  field  and  are  thorough- 
ly at  home  in  the  language,  and  deeply  versed 
in  the  culture,  of  the  people  among  whom  they 
have  been  sojourning.  At  any  rate,  Die 
Katholischen  Missionen,  an  illustrated  month- 
ly magazine  of  the  Society  for  the  Promotion 
of  the  Faith  (Herder),  will  never  disappoint 
those  who  are  looking  for  up-to-date  news  and 
notes  from  foreign  lands.  That  the  articles  are 
chiefly  devoted  to  Catholic  missionary  pro- 
gress does  not  in  the  least  interfere  with  their 
scientific  value,  as  is  evident,  e.  g.,  from  Heft 
12.  The  opening  article  on  "Ost-Kansu"  by 
the  Rev,  Gonsalvus  Walter,  0.  M.  Cap.,  throws 
light  on  the  terrible  hardships  our  heralds  of 
the  faith  encounter  in  that  "Forbidden  Dis- 
trict" of  China. 

— As  a  fitting  pendant  to  his  "  ]\Iass  In- 
tention Calendar,"  recommended  in  the  F.  R. 
for  Dee.  15;;h.  1924.  Mr.  John  W.  Winterich. 
the  enterprising  Cleveland  publisher,  has  is- 
sued an  "Ecclesiastical  Appointment  and 
Memorandum  Book,"  which  will  prove  equally 
useful  to  the  reverend  clergy.  For  each  day 
of  the  year  1925  this  book  contains  seven 
blank  spaces  for  entering  weddings,  funerals, 
baptisms,  sick-calls,  confessions,  miscellaneous 
uppointments,  and  "remarks."  For  each 
duy,  moreover,  the  current  feast  is  mentioned, 
days  of  abstinence  are  indicated  by  a  fish, 
and  the  days  on  which  the  pastor  must  say 
the  Mass  pro  populo  by  a  red  asterisk.  Nothing 
more  serviceable  in  the  line  of  a  clerical 
memorandum  book  could  well  be  imagined, 
iind  it  requires  no  prophetic  foresight  to  pre- 
dict that  this  little  book,  which  is  to  be  re- 
issued annually,  will  prove  popular  among 
those  for  whom  it  is  intended.  The  last  paTC 
contains  some  "Interesting  Statistics,"  which 
might  be  improved  upon. 

— Father  John  A.  Whelan,  0.  S.  A.,  adds  a 
third  to  his  series  of  "Sermons,"  dealing 
with  a  variety  of  topics,  twelve  in  all,  includ- 
ing the  Birth  of  Christ,  blindness  of  soul. 
Catholic  education,  death,  the  General  Judg- 
ment, and  happiness  in  Heaven.  These  ser- 
mons, like  their  predecessors,  are  intended  not 
only  for  preaching  by  the  clergy,  but  for 
si^iritual  reading  by  the  laity,  and  their  erudi- 
tion and  attractive  style  make  them  suitable 
for  both  purposes.    (Benziger  Bros.) 

— Miss  Enid  Dinnis  has  given  us  another 
volume  of  short  stories  under  the  title,  ' '  More 


Mystics."  There  are  sixteen  of  th°m,  all 
full  of  rich  humor,  delicate  beauty,  and  spiri- 
tual insight.  Miss  Dinnis  uses  the  word 
' '  mystics ' '  to  designate  ordinary  persons  who, 
living  on  the  ordinary  plane,  get  glimpes  of 
the  supernatural  through  breaks  in  the  grey 
skies,  as  often  as  not  without  realizing  it.  Her 
books  are  for  those  w'ho  can  appreciate  really 
good  literature  and  high  spirituality.  (B. 
Herder  Book  Co.) 

— Giovanni  Meille,  in  a  volume  entitled 
' '  Christ 's  Likeness  in  History  and  Art, ' '  has 
collected  200  photographs  of  more  or  less  re- 
markable portraits  of  our  Divine  Saviour,  to- 
gether with  some  modern  pictures  which  have 
appealed  to  his  taste.  The  text,  translated 
into  English  by  Miss  Emmie  Kirkman,  is 
more  convincing  for  its  piety  than  for  critical 
acumen.  The  modern  section  is  the  least  sat- 
isfactory, althouph  it  contains  some  fine 
things.  Max  Klinger's  "Jesus  Delivering 
Psy..he"  (p.  ]5i)  deserves  no  place  >n  the 
( ollection,  and  the  freak  picture  by  Gabriel 
]\rax  should  also  have  been  omitted.  (Benziger 
Bros.) 

— "Biblia  Mariana  seu  Commentarium 
Biblio-Patristicum  in  Litanias  Lauretanas 
uccniu  m  varia  B.  V.  IMariae  Nomina,  Titulos 
ac  Praeconia  alphabetiee  Disposita, "  by  P. 
Sebastian  Uccello,  C.  SS.  S.  (Turin:  Marietti) 
shows  how  the  invocations  of  the  Litany  of 
Loreto  are  not  the  spontaneous  product  of 
a  poetical  mind,  but  the  final  result  of  a  long 
Patristic  tradition.  All  of  them  are 
found  in  the  writings  of  the  ancient 
Fathers  and  medieval  authors  of  the  Western 
as  well  as  of  the  Eastern  Church.  A  great 
many  more  such  invocations  might  have  b?en 
added,  as  Father  Uccello  shows,  from  the  long 
list  of  names  and  titles  given  to  ths  Blessed 
\'irgin  by  the  Doctors  of  the  Church.  We 
lecommend  the  little  volume  to  the  lovers  of 
medieval  poetry  and  to  all  the  children  of 
:\Iary.— F.  G.  H. 

— "Franciscan  Essays"  by  Dominic  Devas, 
O.  F.  M.,  should  be  in  the  library  of  every 
student  of  Franciscan  history.  The  first  of 
the   oieht   essavs,   "St.   Francis  of  Assisi:    A 


DINNER  BELLE 
BREAD 

PAPENDICK  BAKERY  COMPANY 
ASK  YOVR  GROCER 


38 


TTTE  FOHTXTGHTLV   REVIEW 


Jamiavy  15 


Do  You  Contemplate 

a  New  Church  or  School? 

Our  Architectural  Department  is  especially  qualified  to  serve  you.  Mr.  Louis 
Preuss  is  in  charge  of  this  department.  He  is  of  mature  years.  His  knowledge  of 
architecture  rests  not  alone  on  his  practical  training  and  European  studies,  but 
also  on  many  years  of  experience  in  prominent  architectural  offices  and  in  the 
practice  of  architecture  under  his  own  name.  His  early  training,  the  knowledge 
gained  in  his  studies  abroad,  and  his  wide  experience  unquestionably  place  Mr. 
Preuss  in  the  foremost  rank  of  American  architectural  designers,  especially  for 
religious   art. 

Widmer  Engineers  render  such  cooperation  as  is  necessary  to  the  Architectural 
Department,  and  Widmer  field  forces  are  at  your  disposal  if  you  desire  them.  Thus, 
one  master  organization  may  handle   your  entire  project. 

Our  method  of  operating  not  only  tends  towards  efficiency  through  quick 
completion  of  your  building,  but  also  eliminates  pyramiding  of  architects',  engi- 
neers', sub-contractors'  and  general  contractors'  fees.  It  centralizes  the  re- 
sponsibility. It  effects  substantial  savings.  The  cost  of  your  building  can  be  guaran- 
teed before  you  start. 

An  interview  involves  no  obligation.      Write  or  telephone   us. 

WIDMER  ENGINEERING  CO. 

Architects  —  Engineers 
LACLEDE  GAS  BLDG.  ST.  LOUIS,  MO. 


Point  of  View  and  a  Contrast,"  deals  with 
"the  deep,  pathetic  tragedy  that  overhangs 
his  later  years"  (p.  13).  The  second,  "The 
Franciscan  Order  and  Its  Branches, ' '  presents 
a  correct  picture  of  the  development  of  the 
Order.  In  the  essay  on  "St.  Antony  of 
Padua"  the  author  rightly  discovers  one 
(among  others  of  that  time)  who  "admitted 
as  quite  necessary  some  measure  of  mitiga- 
tion in  the  primitive  wavs  and  ideals  Avhich 
had  inspirecf  Francis  and  his  early  compan- 
ions" (p.  73) — the  germ  of  Franciscan  Ob- 
servantism,  as  it  was  further  developed  in  sub- 
sequent centuries  and  definitely  established  by 
Leo  X,  in  1517.  The  essay  on  "Elias  of  Cor- 
tona"  shows  how  this  friar's  eminent  at- 
tainments were  "but  forces  of  destruction  un- 
dermining what  they  ought  to  have  built  up" 
(p.  90).  The  next  two  essays,  "John 
Gennings  and  Douai"  and  "Francis  Daven- 
port, ' '  treat  of  the  founder  of  the  Second 
English  Province  and  of  its  most  prominent 
member  in  the  17th  century.  In  the  essay  on 
*  *  Theophilus  of  Corte ' '  we  become  more  in- 
timately acquainted  with  the  foremost  cham- 
pions of  the  18th  century  Eetiro  movement  in 
the  Franciscan  Order.  The  last  essay, ' '  A  Poor 
Clare  of  Yesterday,"  portrays  the  life  and  ac- 
tivity of  Mother  Mary-Dominic,  who  re-^stab- 
lished  the  Poor  Clares  in  England  seventj- 
five  years  ago.  All  in  all,  the  volume  is  a 
valuable  and  scholarly  contribution  to  the 
study  of  Franciscan  history.     Accuracy,  clear- 


ness, and  terseness  of  expression  lend  to  these 
essays  a  charm  quite  their  own. 

—"The  Virtues  of  the  Divine  Child  and 
O'hr^r  Papers"  is  a  volume  of  papers  on 
spiritual  topics  by  the  late  Father  Daniel 
Considine,  an  Irish  Jesuit  with  whose  career 
we  are  made  acquainted  in  an  introductory 
memoir  by  Fr.  F.  C.  Devas,  S.  J.  Some  of 
the  "other  papers"  deal  with  the  uses  of 
Confession,  mistaken  severity,  apostleship, 
worry,  prayer,  especially  its  practical  difficul- 
ties, and  so  forth.  The  volume  can  be  recom- 
mended for  spiritual  reading,  especially  to  re- 
ligious communities.   (B.  Herder  Book  Co.) 

— ' '  Excellence  in  English  ' '  by  Frank  H. 
Callan  (The  Devin-Adair  Co.),  is  a  valuable 
book  that  fills  a  decided  want.  The  author  il- 
lustrates the  fundamental  attributes  of  a  good 
style,  such  as  clearness,  precision,  humor, 
pathos,  by  crisp  definitions,  followed  by  illus- 
trative quotations  from  the  masterpieces  of 
English  literature.  The  selections  are  made 
with  fine  discrimination  from  some  fifty 
standard  British  and  American  writers  and 
form  a  most  valuable  collection  in  them- 
selves. Together  with  the  author 's  clear  analy- 
sis and  defuiitions  they  constitute  a  hand- 
book of  good  English  that  will  be  welcomed 
by  teachers  and  students.  We  hope  it  ^-ill 
find  its  way  into  many  of  our  Catholic  high 
schools,  academies,  and  colleges. 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


39 


— Father  Michael  V.  McDonough's  "Three- 
Minute  Homilies"  (Benziger  Bros.)  are  not 
homilies  in  the  strict  sense,  but  short  talks, 
explaining  the  chief  lessons  of  the  gospel  for 
every  Sunday  and  the  main  holydays  of  the 
year.  The  author  demonstrates  that  brevity 
need  not  be  the  only  virtue  of  a  short  paro- 
chial sermon.  The  gospel  of  the  day  precedes 
each  sermon,  which  makes  the  use  of  other 
books  imnecessary  in  preparing  a  discourse. 
The  volume  may  be  recommended  especially 
to  priests  whose  numerous  duties  allow  them 
to  devote  but  little  time  to  their  sermons. 

—"The  Small  Missal"  (Benziger  Bros.) 
contains  the  Proper  of  the  Mass  for  all  Sun- 
days and  for  the  principal  feasts  of  the  year, 
the  rite  of  benediction,  vespers  and  compline 
for  Sundays,  and  the  devotions  usually  found 
in  popular  prayer  books.  Printed  in  bold- 
faced type  on  India  paper  and  bound  in  flex- 
ible imitation  leather,  this  slender  yet  full  vol- 
ume, which  easily  tits  into  the  vest  pocket, 
comes  near  being  the  ideal  prayer  book  for 
the  laity. 

— The  heroine  of  Miss  Inez  Specking 's  sec- 
ond novel,  "The  Awakening  of  Edith" 
(Benziger  Bros.),  would  make  a  welcome  chum 
for  any  girl.  She  is  quick-tempered  and  adven- 
turous, but  infectiously  happy  and  fundamen- 
tally devout,  and  in  following  her  through 
two  years  of  convent  school  life,  the  author 
depicts  the  gradual  development  of  a  sterling 
character.  Unlike  "Missy,"  this  story  is  in- 
tended for  the  young  people  themselves,  more 
particularly  for  girls  of  from  12  to  IS  years. 

— A  new  edition  is  now  available,  at  half 
the  price  of  the  original,  of  Dom  MatthcAV 
Britt's  scholarly  work,  "The  Hymns  of  the 
Breviary  and  Missal,"  Avhich  we  cordially 
recommended  at  the  time  of  its  first  appear- 
ance, a  year  or  two  ago.  The  author  pre- 
sents the  Latin  text  of  173  hymns  with  a 
literal  prose  rendering  and  the  best  metrical 
translation,  succinct  notes  on  the  Latin  text, 
a  historical  introduction  and  biographical 
notes  on  authors  and  translators.  The  beau- 
tifully printed  book  deserves  a  place  in  every 
Catholic   library.    (Benziger   Bros.) 

— In  "The  Eedemptorists "  (Benziger 
Bros.),  the  well-known  church  historian, 
Father  George  Stebbing,  himself  a  member  of 
the  Congregation  of  the  Most  Holy  Eedeemer, 
has  furnished  an  interesting  account  of  the 
history  of  that  religious  congregation,  its 
spirit  and  rule,  its  past  fortunes,  and  its  pres- 
ent condition.  St.  Alphonsus  de'  Liguori  had 
many  and  great  difficulties  to  overcome  and 
at  one  time  found  himself,  to  all  intents  and 
purposes,  excluded  from  the  Congregation  he 
had  himself  founded.  But  when  he  died  he 
left  behind  him  a  flourishing  foundation  that 
in  course  of  time  has  once  more  illustrated 
the  parable  of  the  mustard-seed.  Father 
Stebbing  has  done  his  Avork  well  in  every 
respect  but  one — there  is  no  index. 


New  Books  Received 

A  Scripture  2Ianual.  Directed  to  the  Inter- 
pretation of  Biblical  Revelation.  By  the 
Eev.  John-Mary  Simon,  O.  S.  M.  Vol.  I: 
General  Introduction  to  the  Sacred  Scrip- 
tures and  Special  Introduction  to  the  Books 
of  the  Old  Testament,  xiii  &  441  pp.  8vo. 
Joseph  F.  Wagner,  Inc. 

The  Story  of  Jesus.  By  Francis  J.  Finn, 
S.  J.  16  pp.  11x13  in.  with  8  full  page 
illustrations  in  four  colors.  Chicago,  111. : 
Extension  Press.     50  cts. 

Bibliography  of  the  Annual  Proceedings  of 
the  Catholic  Educational  Association,  1904- 

•  1923.  With  Index  by  Author,  Title,  and 
Subject.  By  Katherine  A.  Collins.  108 
pp.  8vo.  Washington,  D.  C. :  ISTational  Cath- 
olic Welfare  Conference,  Bureau  of  Educa- 
tion, 1312  Massachusetts  Ave.,  N.  W. 

The  Catholic  Teacher's  Companion.  A  Book 
of  Self -Help  and  Guidance.  By  Eev.  Felix 
M.  Kirseh,  O.  M.  Cap.,  Eector,  Capuchin 
College,  Catholic  University  of  America. 
With  a  Preface  by  Cardinal  Dougherty. 
XXX  &  747  pp.  4")4x6-')4  in.  Benziger  Bros. 
$2.75  net. 

l)er  heilige  Johannes  Franziskus  Regis  aus 
der  Gesellschaft  Jesu.  Von  Sigmund  Nach- 
baur,  S.  J.  Mit  3  Abbildungen  auf  2 
Tafeln.  vi  &  184  pp.  12mo.  Herder  &  Co., 
Freiburg,  Germany;  B.  Herder  Book  Co., 
St.  Louis,  Mo.  $1.20  net. 

Sermons.     By  Eev.  John  A.  Whelan,  0.  S.  A., 
Professor  of   Homiletics  and  History,   Vil- 
lanova    Seholasticate,    Villanova,    Pa.     294 
pp.  12mo.  Benziger  Bros.  $2  net. 
Tlie  Valley  of  Peace.     By  Lida  L.  Coghlan, 
vi   &    275    pp.    12mo.    B.    Herder   Book    Co. 
$1.50  net. 
The  Psalms.     A  Study  of  the  Vulgate  Psalter 
in  the  Light  of  the  Hebrew  Text  by  Rev. 
Patrick  Boylan.  Vol.  II:  Psalms  LXXII— 
'CL.    xi   404   pp.    8vo.    Gill   &    Son    and   B. 
Herder  Book  Co.  $6.25  net. 

Brief  History  of  the  CJiurches  of  the  Diocese 
of  St.  Augustine^  Florida.  Part  Four,  pp. 
77  to  116,  illustrated.  St.  Leo,  Fla. :  Abbey 
Press. 

Father  Tim's  Talks  With  People  He  Met.  By 
C.  D.  McEnniry,  C.  SS.  R.  Volume  V.  iv 
&  185  pp.  12mo.  B.  Herder  Book  Co.  $1 
net. 

Der  von  den  Freimaurern  verschiedener 
Lander  seit  1889  und  besonders  seit  1921 
— erstrebte  engere  Zusammenhang  der  Welt- 
Freimaurerei,  speziel  in  seinen  Beziehungen 
zum  Kampfe  der  Weltfreimaurerei  gegen 
das  Papsttum.  Von  Hermann  Gruber  S.  J. 
(Reprint  from  the  Historiscli  Tijdschrift, 
of  Tilburg,  Holland,  Oct.,  1924).  44  pp. 
8vo.   (Wrapper). 

On  Missions.  The  First  Pastoral  Letter  of 
the  Et.  Rev.  Francis  C.  Kelley,  D.  D., 
Bishop  of  Oklahoma.  Issued  on  Christmas 
Day,  1924.  8  pp.  8vo.  Oklahoma  City:  The 
Southwest  Courier. 


40 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


January  15 


A  SPRINKLE  OF  SPICE 


They  have  made  Missouri  mules  gentle,  it  is 
reported.  This,  however,  does  not  refer  to  the 
"kick"  in  the  Fortnightlv  Review. — 
Buffalo  F.clio. 


Religion  is  like  a  river;  when  it  breaks 
over  its  ancient  banks,  unless  it  is  remarkably 
deep,  it  spreads  out  into  a  swamp.  A  writer  in 
the  Atlantic  Monthly  once  took  to  task  a  gen- 
ial gentleman  who  enlivened  his  chat  with  tlie 
smiling  remark,  "I  am  broadminded  enough 
to  admit  that  one  r-hureh  is  as  good  as  an- 
other, ' '  by  commenting ;  "Of  course,  he  is 
broad — swamp  broad,  and  covered  with  a 
rich  intellectual  scum  which  prevents  hi;* 
knowino-  wh^t  arrant  nonsense  he  is  uttering. 
—TliP  Ficcord. 


The  constant  succession  of  amusement  fads 
and  the  latest  of  these  fads,  the  cross-word 
puzzle,  are  cleverly  hit  oft"  in  the  follov.-ing 
letter  from  H.  K.  Lassiter,  of  Birmingham, 
Ala.,  to  Collier's:  "Wouldn't  it  be  terrible 
if  we  didn't  have  somebody  to  tell  us  how  to 
amuse  ourselves?  Two  years  ago  we  all  blew 
ourselves  for  the  costliest  mah  jongg  sets  we 
could  possibly  afford.  Now  I  know  people 
who  are  buving  expensive  dictionaries,  on  the 
installment  plan,  to  help  them  do  the  cross- 
word puzzles.  Can  you  remember  a  time 
when  there  hasn't  been  some  such  general  af- 
fliction? I  can't,  and  my  memory  goes  back 
through  the  age  of  Ann  and  diabolo  and  ping-  ' 
pong  to  the  years  of  the  fad  for  charades. 
Who  starts  those  durn  things,  anyway?  Can 
we  find  and  exterminate  him,  and  meanwhile 
will  you  gimme  a  seven-letter  word  that  means 
incompatible^  and  a  fifteen-letter  name  of  a 
Burmese   marsh   plant?" 


A  schoolboy  in  an  examination  paper  stated 
that  "a  grass  widow  is  the  wife  of  a  dead 
vegetarian. ' ' 


Under  the  title,  "A  Zoological  Litany," 
tlie  English  Catholic  Truth  in  its  current  issue 
(Vol.  I,  No.  6)  prints  what  purports  to  be  a 
litany  said  by  Spanish  Catholics  against  Prot- 
estants. It  contains  such  invocations  as 
thes'^ :  ' '  Horse  of  St.  James,  trample  on 
them  ;  '  ^  "  Lion  of  St.  Mark,  rend  them  ;  ' ' 
' '  Eagle  of  St.  John,  pick  them  to  pieces ;  ' ' 
' '  Bull  of  St.  Luke,  gore  them ;  "  "  Goat  of 
St.  Francis,  butt  them;"  "Dog  of  St. 
Domingo,  bite  them;  "  "Devil  of  St.  Michael, 
scratdi  them;"  "Crow  of  St.  Onofrio,  pick 
out  their  eyes ;  "  "  Pig  of  St.  Anthony,  attack 
them;"  "Fish  of  St.  Raphael,  give  them  in- 
digestion," and  so  forth.  To  which  one  can 
only  add  a  prayer  to  St.  Dunstan  '^v  some 
other  merry  saint  to  give  the  inventors  of  this 
"litany"  a  sense  of  humor.  Catholic  Truth 
thinks  that  the  list  was  made  in  England,  but 
it  is  more  likely  that  the  temptation  to  "pull 
the  leg ' '  of  earnest  Protestant  missionaries 
may  have  proved  too  much  for  some  witty 
Spanish  Catholic. 


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The  Fortnigfhtly  Review 


VOL.  XXXII,  XO.   3 


ST.  LOUIS,  MISSOUEI 


February   1st,   192i 


The  Fortnightly  Review  and  Its  Future 


The  Catholic  Bulletin,  official  paper 
of  the  Archdiocese  of  St.  Paul,  says  in 
a  recent  issue  (Vol.  XIY,  No.  52)  : 

"The  Fortnightly  Review,  whose 
learned  and  outspoken  editor,  ]\Ir. 
Arthur  Preuss,  in  the  December  loth 
number,  offers  his  readers  Christmas 
greetings  for  the  thirty -first  time  in  its 
career,  is  to  cost  three  dollars  a  year 
hereafter  instead  of  two  dollars  and 
fifty  cents.  Mr.  Preuss  shows  that  his 
cost  of  production  has  increased  nearly 
200%  since  the  beginning  of  the  Re- 
view, but  that  it  has  not  been  possible 
to  augment  the  revenue  in  proportion. 
'Even  the  raise  in  price  will  not  do  any- 
thing extraordinary  for  the  man  who 
has  made  the  study,  interpretation  and 
defense  of  Catholic  truth  the  work  of 
many  years,  at  times  amid  circum- 
stances the  most  discouraging  and  ad- 
verse. Expressions  of  good  will  and 
best  wishes  are  coming  in  from  read- 
ers, lay  and  clerical.  May  their  iiiim- 
ber  grow  sufficiently  to  boost  the  Fort- 
nightly far  beyond  any  danger-line 
of  failure  for  lack  of  support.  The 
highways  and  byways  of  current  relig- 
ious and  philosophical  thinking  have 
no  keener  observer  in  the  American 
field  than  Mr.  Preuss.  He  has  a  way 
all  his  own,  honest,  straightforward. 
and  to  the  point,  of  calling  attention  to 
irresponsible,  rash,  and  dangerous  men- 
tal traffic  obstruction  and  false  expedi- 
ents of  progress.  It  would  be  a  blot  on 
the  name  of  the  Catholic  intelligentsia 
of  the  country  to  let  the  wholesomely 
critical  and  scholarly  Fortnightly  Re- 
view go  under  after  so  many  years  of 
meritorious   service." 

We  thank  our  St.  Paul  contemporary 
for  this  sympathetic  and  generous  no- 
tice, which  is  all  the  more  appreciated 
as  in  the  early  years  of  its  career  the 
P.  R.  met  with  nothing  but  condemna- 
tion and  criticism  from  the  episcopal 
curia  of  St.  Paul.    Things  have  chang- 


ed under  the  genial  and  benevolent 
Archbishop  Dowling,  who  used  to  be  an 
editor  himself  and  since  the  days  of  his 
editorship  of  the  Providence  Visitor, 
a  quarter  of  a  century  ago,  has  been  a 
subscriber  to  the  F.  R.  and  generously 
encouraged  its  editor,  even  though  he 
may  not  have  agreed  with  him  on  all 
subjects. 

We  are  glad  to  assure  the  Catholic 
Bulletin  and  our  friends  generally  that 
there  is  no  danger  of  the  F.  R.  's  going 
under.  There  has  been,  we  are  glad  to 
say,  and  say  it  thankfully,  a  very  fa- 
vorable response  on  the  part  of  our  sub- 
scribers to  the  inevitable  raise  in  the 
subscription  price  and  besides  not  a 
few  have  taken  it  upon  themselves  to 
obtain  new  subscribers.  If  this  demon- 
stration of  good  will  continues,  the 
magazine  will  not  only  be  able  to 
carry  on, ' '  but  will  enter  upon  an  era 
of  greater  prosperity  than  it  has  ever 
experienced  before.  Hitherto  the  pub- 
lisher has  borne  the  burden  almost 
alone :  it  is  a  relief  to  him  after  31 
3^ears  of  unremitting  labor  to  receive 
active  assistance.  If  all  who  believe  in 
the  cause  which  the  F.  R.  represents 
will  pull  together,  independent  Catho- 
lic journalism  of  the  "wholesomely 
critical  and  scholarly"  kind,  as  the 
Bulletin  is  pleased  to  describe  it,  will 
gain  new  strength. 

The  most  important  thing  now  is  to 
obtain  new  subscribers.  If  every  old 
subscriber  who  can  conveniently  do  so 
Avill  give  just  a  little  help  in  this  di- 
rection, the  future  of  the  F.  R.  will  be 
assured  for  a  long  time  to  come. 


To  do  your  work  thoroughly,  to  do 
it .  carefully,  to  do  it  patiently,  is  not 
quite  enough.'  Put  into  it  a  touch  of  en- 
thusiasm. Shape  it  by  your  personal- 
ity. Add  to  it  that  sparkle,  that  fla- 
vor, which  comes  from  your  own  inter- 
est and  ardor. 


42 


THG  rORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


Febniary  1 


Misuse  of  "Education  Week" 

The  Yonng  Woniens  Christian  Asso- 
ciation refused  to  co-operate  with  the 
seven-day  programme  for  "Education 
Week"  (Nov.  17- '24),  sent  out  by 
Commissioner  Tigert  of  Washington, 
on  account  of  "the  over-emphasis  laid 
therein  on  certain  subjects,  its  ignoring 
of  others  whi?h  are  of  great  importance, 
and  its  announcements  as  to  speakers, 
which  have  aroused  just  criticism." 

The  programme  for  "Education 
Week"  said:  "All  communities  are 
urged  to  hold  mass  meetings.  Requests 
for  speakers  for  mass  meetings  during 
the  week  should  be  made  to  the  Ameri- 
can Legion  posts  throughout  the  coun- 
try." The  programme  began  with 
"Constitution  Day"  and  declared  that 
"revolutionists,  communists,  and  ex- 
treme pacifists  are  a  menace  to  the  con- 
stitutional guaranties  of  our  rights." 
Inasmuch  as  George  Washingtoi;  was  a 
revolutionist  and  Christ  advocated 
what  many  nowadays  regard  as  ex- 
treme pacifism,  and  inasmuch  as  any  po- 
litical theorist,  no  matter  how  crack- 
brained,  has  a  constitutional  right  to 
advocate  any  legal  change  of  govern- 
ment in  this  Republic,  we  do  not  won- 
der at  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.'s  objection  to 
this  part  of  Commissioner  Tigert 's  pro- 
gramme. 

Under  "Patriotism  Day"  the  pro- 
gramme declared:  "The  red  flag 
means  death,  destruction,  poverty,  star- 
vation, disease  and  anarchy  .  . 
Stamp  out  revolutionary  radicalism," 
etc.  The  Y.  W.  C.  A. 'rightly  thinks 
that  attention  should  much  rather  be 
called  to  the  lawlessness  that  hides 
under  our  OAvn  flag,  under  which  in  ten 
years  more  of  our  citizens  have  been 
murdered  than  -were  slain  by  foreigners 
in  a^  our  wars  combined.  Three  days 
of  the  programme  were  devoted  prac- 
tically to  patriotic  bunk,  but  there  was 
no  hint  that  we  belong  to  the  great 
f  amil.v  of  nations,  that  every  true  Chris- 
tian is  a  citizen  of  the  world  and  that 
his  first  loyalty  is  to  God  and  mankind. 
By  absolutely  ignoring  our  obligations 
towards  other  nations  the  Washington 
programme     encouraged     that     smug 


self-satisfaction  which  is  the  bane  of 
our  national  life. 

As  for  the  speakers,  in  the  words  of 
Unity    (Vol.    94,   No.    12),   "why   are 
Legion  men  alone,  who  are  not  educa-    > 
tors,  the  persons  chosen  by   Commis-    j 
sioner   Tigert?     Why  not  equally  the    ] 
Knights  of  Columbus  and  the  American    ! 
Federation  of  Labor?    One  would  sup-    : 
pose  that,  if  wisdom  and  information 
were    desired,    experienced    educators 
would  have  been  recommended.    If  we    , 
are  to  have  an  education  week — and    * 
of  course  we  need  one ! — let  its  exer-    | 
cises  be  put  into  the  hands  of  trained    i 
educators,   and  let  the  public  protest    1 
against  any  contrary  programme." 

We  are  glad  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.  has  had 
the  courage  to  protest  against  this  mis- 
use of  "Education  Week,"  and  trust 
its  protest  will  be  heeded. 

C.  D.  U. 


Cardinal  Bourne,  in  the  course  of  a 
s])eeeh  reported  in  the  London  Tablet 
(No.  4412),  pronounced  a  warning  full   | 
of  farsighted  statesmanship.  He  point-    ' 
ed  out  that  France  is  the  arch-exami)^ 
of  depopulation  through  birth  control, 
and  that  this  is  what  makes  her  position 
so  precarious,  with  actions  and  reac-    . 
tions  upon  the  peace  of  the  world.  With    ; 
millions  of  her  sons  and  daughters  de-    ] 
tying  the  laws  of  God,  France  is  forced 
to  seek  substitutes  for  her  natural  de- 
fences.   Her  quiver  is  no  longer  full  of 
arrows,  and  therefore  she  cannot  speak 
with  her  enemies  at  the  gate,  but  must 
rely  upon  uncertain  alliances  and  even 
upon    the  help  of     black  troops.     Al- 
though His  Eminence  did  not  go  into 
detail,  he  made  his  hearers  feel  that,    | 
while  the  Catholic  campaign  against  the    1 
Neo-Malthusian  doctrines  is  primarily    I 
undertaken  out  of  obedience  to  the  di- 
vine law,  it  is  also  of  vital  importance 
to  the  security  of  the  white  races,  and 
therefore  to  the  future  of  civilization. 


A  Carmelite  novice  went  with  great 
glee  to  St.  Teresa  to  tell  her  that  she 
had  discovered  a  new  kind  of  sin  liither- 
to  unnoticed  in  the  books.  "My  dear 
daughter,"  the  Saint  replied,  "have  we 
not  too  many  sins  already?" 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEYIEW 


43 


The  Callahan  Correspondence 

By   Benedict   Elder 


In  recent  issues  of  the  Fortnightly 
Review  there  have  been  references  to 
the  correspondence  %Yhich  has  been  con- 
ducted so  thoroughly  and  systematical- 
ly for  a  period  of  years  by  Col.  P.  H. 
Callahan  of  Louisville,  Ky.,  originating 
with  his  Chairmanship  of  the  Com- 
mission on  Religious  Prejudices.  It 
Occurred  to  me  that  it  would  not  only 
be  interesting,  but  likewise  of  great 
usefulness,  to  have  your  readers  more 
familiar  with  this  unusual  and  perhaps 
unique  work  for  Catholic  welfare, 
which,  seemingly  of  a  limited  personal 
character,  is  most  widely  extended  by 
the  plan  in  vogue. 

It  is  not  a  question  of  a  letter,  or 
the  letters  especially,  but  rather  the 
manner  in  which  the  thoughts  con- 
veyed therein  are  used  in  a  campaign 
of  education  and  the  plan  whereby 
this  corrective  information  is  distrib- 
uted in  order  to  receive  what  selling 
men  call  "most  favorable  attention." 
While  there  are  several  hundred  of 
these  letters  written  every  year,  in  ad- 
dition many  thousands  of  copies  are 
made  for  distribution  to  peopie  who 
either  know,  or  know  of,  the  writer 
or  the  person  receiving  the  letter, 
which  is  the  principle  of  the  whole 
work,  namel3',  personal  interest,  and 
w^heu  friendliness  is  also  an  outstand- 
ing note,  it  makes  the  very  best  kind 
of  approach. 

Our  experience  leads  us  to  watch 
carefully  what  is  calied  the  country 
press,  and  we  have  been  signally  for- 
tunate here  in  Kentucky,  there  being 
but  three  papers  out  of  a  hundred  and 
fifty  that  are  inclined  to  carry,  spas- 
modically, what  is  termed  Anti-Cath- 
olic Stuff,  and  the  two  letters  append- 
ed herewith  are  used  as  an  illustra- 
tion. These  letters  are  not  unusual, 
except  in  that,  showing  experience  and 
coming  from  one  of  such  prominence, 
they  can  not  be  turned  down,  as  the 
editor  knows  some  other  paper  in  town 
or  nearby  will  carry  same,  even  if  the 
Colonel  has  to  pay  advertising  rates, 
which  has  sometimes  been  done. 


Whether  these  letters  are  printed  or 
not,  copies  of  them  are  immediately 
mailed  to  the  editor  of  every  country 
paper  in  the  State.  This  being  a  Demo- 
cratic paper,  copies  of  these  letters 
were  aiso  sent  to  the  one  hundred  and 
twenty  Democratic  county  chairmen, 
located,  in  mostly  every  case,  in  the 
same  towns  as  the  paper,  and  very 
often  friends  of  the  editor.  In  addi- 
tion a  couple  hundred  copies  are  sent 
to  non-Catholic  friends  and  acquain- 
tances throughout  the  State,  including 
twenty  to  tliirty  Protestant  ministers. 
In  more  important  cases  copies  have 
been  sent  to  all  county  judges,  and 
other  State  and  county  ottioials  as 
well.  If  it  w^as  a  Republican  paper, 
the  Republican  organization  and  of- 
fice-holders would  be  addressed  in  like 
manner, — all  of  which  will  start  the 
wheels,  so  that  truth  and  fairness  fi- 
nally prevail.  In  one  county,  some 
years  ago,  it  was  necessary  to  secure 
the  list  of  voters  of  that  county,  to 
whom  was  sent  our  side  of  the  contro- 
versy and  the  unfair  position  of  their 
local  paper. 

In  this  particular  case,  as  in  most 
others,  every  one  receiving  these  letters 
is  either  acquainted  with  or  knows  of 
Colonel  Callahan,  and  as  described 
above  there  were  over  six  hundred 
copies  distributed  in  this  way,  to  say 
nothing  of  their  being  published  not 
only  by  the  paper  in  question,  but  by 
other  papers  as  well.  The  results  from 
such  a  thorough  as  well  as  personal 
campaign  must  be  obvious,  and  we  have 
had  results  here  in  Kentucky  to  prove 
the  success  of  the  plan,  which  can  be 
duplicated  in  any  other  State  or  com- 
munity by  interesting  some  equally 
well  known  Cathoiic  to  put  his  per- 
sonality into  the  work,  thereby  en- 
gaging in  an  activity  of  the  greatest 
service  not  only  to  Catholicity,  but  to 
the  State  itself  in  having  better  rela- 
tions and  a  fine  spirit  of  co-operation 
between  all  the  citizens. 

Here  are  the  specimen  letters  re- 
ferred to : — 


44 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


Febniary  1 


Mr.  Max  Charleston,  Editor, 
The  Harrodshurg  Democrat, 
Harrodsburg,   Kentucky. 
Dear  Mr.  Charleston : 

Your  letter  inviting  me  to  point  out 
any  errors  in  your  editorial  regarding 
the  teaching  of  the  Catholic  Church, 
is  appreciated,  and  would  have  been 
answered  sooner,  but  wanted  to  verify 
your  quotations  ascribing  to  the 
Church  teachings  that  we  Catholics 
never  heard  of  except  in  anti-Catholic 
propaganda. 

There  can  be  no  objection  to  one 
criticizing  the  Catholic  attitude,  or  the 
attitude  of  any  other  body  of  citizens, 
on  public  questions,  so  long  as  criticism 
is  based  on  the  beliefs  of  Catholics,  as 
stated  by  the  Catholics  themselves,  but 
Catholics  alone,  and  for  that  matter, 
any  other  religious  group,  have  the 
right  to  say  what  they  believe. 

Your  conclusion,  which  you  reach 
from  the  teachings  you  ascribe  to  Cath- 
olics in  your  editorial,  is  logical,  as 
anyone  believing  such  things  would  be 
an  undesirable  citizen  in  any  country, 
and  Catholics  would  have  every  reason 
to  be  ashamed  of  themselves  if  they 
were  taught  such  beliefs.  Your  error, 
therefore,  is  in  the  matter  of  your 
quotations,  which  are  spurious  or  gar- 
bled, showing  very  clearly  that  you 
have  been  imposed  upon  by  someone. 

Pope  Pius  IX  never  said  what  you 
ascribe  to  him  in  regard  to  the  public 
schools.  No  Pope  ever  claimed  the 
extraordinary  prerogative  set  out  in 
the  words  you  quote  in  regard  to  the 
Church  and  State.  No  Pope  ever 
taught  that  the  State  has  rights  only 
by  permission  of  the  Church.  No  Cath- 
olic organ  ever  stated  that  if  a  Cath- 
olic candidate  is  on  the  ticket  and  his 
opponent  is  a  non-Catholic,  the  Cath- 
olic candidate  should  have  the  vote, 
no  matter  what  he  represents.  No 
Catholic  was  ever  taught  that  the  mar- 
riage of  Protestants  is  of  no  account. 

On  the  contrary,  although  you  did 
not  say  where  you  got  your  quotations 
and  it  is  difBcult  to  get  at  them  direct- 
ly, every  Catholic  knows  that  the  teach- 
ings you  ascribe  to  the  Church  are 
impossible.  For  instance,  in  the  "Ne 
Temere,"  which  contains  the  laws  of 


the  Catholic  Church  regarding  mar- 
riage, we  find  the  following  in  Article 
11  as  to  the  application  of  the  law : 
' '  These  laws  are  binding  on  all  persons 
baptized  in  the  Catholic  Church,  in  all 
cases  of  betrothal  or  marriage.  Non- 
Catholics,  whether  baptized  or  unbap- 
tized,  who  contract  betrothal  or  mar- 
riage among  themselves,  are  nowhere 
bound  to  observe  these  laws."  Cath- 
olics are  all  taught  that  the  marriages 
of  Protestants  are  sacred  and  binding, 
and  there  is  no  misrepresentation  of 
our  belief  more  ill-founded,  as  there  is 
none  more  calculated  to  excite  hatred 
between  neighbors,  than  the  statement 
that  we  regard  the  marriages  of  our 
Protestant  friends   as  of  no   account. 

Again,  in  regard  to  Church  and 
State,  the  Catholic  Church  teaches  that 
in  civil  matters  the  authority  of  the 
State  is  supreme.  The  Catholic 
Archbishops  and  Bishops  of'  our 
country,  meeting  in  AVashington  in 
1919,  issued  a  pastoral  letter  which 
contained  these  words :  ' '  The  State  has 
a  sacred  claim  upon  our  respect  and 
loyalt}'.  It  may  justly  impose  obliga- 
tions and  demand  sacrifices  for  the  sake 
of  the  common  welfare  which  it  is 
established  to  promote.  Within  its 
proper  limits  it  has  a  right  to  our 
obedience,  and  this  obedience  we  are 
bound  to  render  not  merely  on  grounds 
of  expediency,  but  as  a  conscientious 
duty. ' ' 

In  his  Encyclical  Letter  addressed 
to  the  Catholics  of  America  in  1895, 
Pope  Leo  XIII  said:  "The  Catholic 
Church  should  keep  equal  step  with  the 
Republic  in  the  march  of  improvement, 
striving  to  the  utmost  by  her  virtue 
to  aid  in  the  rapid  growth  of  the 
States,  ever  keeping  before  the  minds 
of  the  people  the  enactments  of  the 
Council  of  Baltimore,  particularly 
those  which  inculcate  the  observance 
of  the  laws  and  constitutions  of  the 
Republic. ' ' 

Again,  in  his  Encyclical  on  the 
Christian  Constitution  of  the  States, 
addressed  to  the  Catholics  of  the  world. 
Pope  Leo  XIII  said:  "Almighty  God 
has  appointed  the  charge  of  the  human 
race  between  two  powers,  the  ecclesias- 
tical and  the  civil,  the  one  being  set 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REA^IEW 


45 


over  divine  and  the  other  over  human 
things.  Each  has  fixed  limits  "within 
whicli  it  is  contained,  and  each  in  its 
sphere  is  .supreme.  Whatever  is  to 
be  ranged  under  the  civil  and  political 
order  is  rightfully  subject  to  the  civil 
authority. ' ' 

You  will  find  the  above  letters  of 
Leo  XIII  translated  into  English,  pub- 
lished in  "The  Great  Encyclical  Let- 
ters of  Pope  Leo  XIII,"  published  by 
Benziger  Bros.,  of  Cincinnati,  and 
available  to  anyone  interested  enough 
to  procure  them.  The  Bishops'  Pastor- 
al of  1919  will  be  furnished  by  the 
present  writer  to  anyone  interested. 

In  regard  to  Catholics  and  the  public 
school:  the.  following  resolution, 
adopted  at  the  1915  National  Conven- 
tion of  the  Knights  of  Columbus,  cor- 
rectly states  the  Catholic  position  to- 
ward public  schools : 

"That,  3onsidering  a  cause  of  pre- 
judice to  be  the  mistaken  opinion  Avhich 
many  non-Catholics  hold  that  Catholics 
aim  to  secure  control  of  the  public 
schools,  we  point  to  the  fact  that  many 
Catholics  are  prominently  identified 
with  our  public  school  sj^stem,  being 
chairman  of,  and  at  times  constituting 
a  majority  upon,  boards  of  education, 
being  also  superintendents  and  prin- 
cipals and  teachers  by  the  thousand  in 
the  public  schools  of  every  grade, — and 
yet  there  has  never  been,  there  is  not 
now,  nor  is  there  warrant  for  thinking 
there  ever  will  be,  any  attempt  on 
their  part  to  interfere  in  any  manner 
w^tli  the  advancement  of  common 
school  education  in  any  part  of  the 
United  States." 

"We  should  strive  to  illumine  the 
public  mind  with  the  truth  and  get 
the  people  to  understand  our  true 
educational  ideas — namely,  that  we  do 
not  desire  to  control  the  public  schools, 
or  to  hinder  education,  or  to  force  Cath- 
olicity upon  unwilling  minds,  but  that 
we  desire  universal  education,  would 
have  it  free  where  possible,  and  would 
make  it  compulsory  where  necessary. 
And  while  we  have  no  fault  to  find 
with  those  outside  our  faith  who  wish 
their  children  to  attend  the  public 
schools,    for    ourselves    we     prefer    a 


school  where  religion  is  taught,  and 
only  regret  that  all  can  not  see  how  im- 
portant it  is  that  the  youth  of  the  coun- 
try be  taught  the  truths  of  religion 
during  years  when  the  mind  is  being 
opened  and  the  character  is  being  form- 
ed." 

The  following  statement  in  the  1919 
Pastoral  Letter  of  the  Catholic  Arch- 
bishops and  Bishops  of  the  United 
States  will  show  you  how  you  were  im- 
posed upon  in  those  quotations  which 
you  ascribed  to  Pope  Pius  IX,  re- 
presenting the  Church  as  having  the 
right  "to  deprive  the  civil  authorities 
of  the  entire  government  of  the  public 
schools."  The  Pastoral  Letter  epitom- 
izes Catholic  teaching  and  philosophy 
on  this  point  in  the  following  words: 

"The  State  has  a  right  to  insist 
that  its  citizens  shall  be  educated.  It 
should  encourage  among  the  people 
such  a  love  of  learning  that  they  will 
take  the  initiative  and,  without  con- 
straint, provide  for  the  education  of 
their  children.  Should  they,  through 
negligence  or  lack  of  means,  fail  to  do 
so,  the  State  has  the  right  to  establish 
schools  and  take  other  legitimate  means 
to  safeguard  its  vital  interests  against 
the  dangers  that  result  from  ignorance. 
In  particulai,  it  has  both  the  right  and 
the  duty  to  exclude  the  teaching  of 
doctrines  which  aim  at  the  subversion 
of  law  and  order,  and,  which  therefore, 
aim  at  the  destruction  of  the  State  it- 
self." 

It  need  only  be  added  that  a  personal 
representative  of  the  Pope  presided  at 
the  meeting  at  which  this  statement 
was  adopted,  and,  therefore,  anything 
to  the  contrary  is  not  Catholic  teaching. 

It  is  not  what  Catholics  are  taught, 
but  what  is  falsely  ascribed  to  them, 
that  excites  apprehension,  and  as  we 
must  all  live  together  as  neighbors  and 
should  try  to  live  together  as  friends, 
it  will  be  a  pleasure  to  me  at  any  time 
to  give  you  the  Catholic  belief  on  points 
in  which  you  or  your  readers  may  be 
interested    as    citizens. 

Hoping  to  hear  from  you,  beg  to 
remain 

Very  truly  yours,       -  -  -- 
[Signed]  Patrick  Henry  Callahan 


46 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


February  1 


Dear  Mr.  Charleston : 

Your  issue  of  Tuesday,  November 
18th,  was  very  interesting,  especially 
your  editorial  criticism. 

Now  that  we  are  through  with  the 
elections  and  starting  a  New  Year,  it  is 
my  thought  we  could  discuss  with  bene- 
fit that  Ku  Klux  problem,  which  seems 
to  be  one  of  so  much  interest  to  you, 
judging  from  your  paper,  The  Harrods- 
burg  Democrat. 

There  can  be  no  fault  found  with 
your  defending  the  Ku  Klux  Klan  by 
pointing  out  any  virtues  that  you  may 
feel  the  organization  possesses,  al- 
though as  a  Democrat  we  could  consis- 
tently offer  many  objections,  but  ob- 
serving that  your  weekly  is  published 
by  the  ' '  The  Republican  Publishing 
Company,"  it  may  be  a  non-partisan 
organ. 

However,  there  can  be  well  founded 
objection  raised  to  the  "interesting  let- 
ter" which  you  likewise  publish,  ad- 
dressed by  Pastor  Rothwell  of  the  Pres- 
byterian Church  at  Claremont,  Miss., 
to  the  Rev.  H.  Y.  Williams,  Pastor 
Peoples  Church  of  St.  Paul,  wherein 
the  said  Rothwell,  admitting  his;  for- 
eign birth,  questions  at  considerable 
length,  but  with  no  evidence,  the  allegi- 
ance of  American  Catholics  to  our  gov- 
ernment. 

While  it  may  be  none  of  my  busi- 
ness, it  would  be  interesting  to  know 
just  what  purpose  you  think  is  served 
by  publishing  such  a  communication, 
slandering  a  large  element  of  our  citi- 
zenship, some  of  whom  came  into  this 
State  150  years  ago,  whose  contribution 
to  the  traditions  and  the  development 
of  our  commouAvealth  is  of  considerable 
consequence. 

Tt  is  said  that  you  are  only  over  from 
Scotland  a  few  years,  and  you  have 
evidently  brought  along  the  spirit  of 
the  sixteenth  century,  and  are  attempt  • 
ing  to  plant  in  our  State  the  seed  of 
suspicion  and  distrust,  to  rouse  up  en- 
mities and  hatreds  where  congeniality 
and  co-operation  have  been  so  long  cul- 
tivated. 

But  even  though  new  to  our  country, 
you  must  be  aware  that  as  early  as  1775 
William   Coomes  and  his  wife,  and  Dr. 


Hart,  all  three  Catholics,  were  leading 
citizens  of  your  own  town,  which  was 
then  called  Harrodstown.  Dr.  Hart 
was  the  first  physician  in  our  State  and 
Mrs.  Coomes  conducted  the  first  school 
opened  in  Kentucky.  N.  S.  Shaler  a 
Kentuckian,  Professor  at  Harvard  Uni- 
versity, in  his  History  of  Kentucky, 
published  in  1884,  said: 

"The  Roman  Catholics  were  repre- 
sented among  the  very  first  settlers  in 
Kentucky.  Dr.  Hart  and  William 
Coomes,  who  settled  at  Harrods  Station 
in  1775,  the  one  a  physician,  and  the 
wife  of  the  other  a  school  teacher,  were 
l)Oth  Maryland  Catholics;  so,  as  Collins 
remarks,  'the  first  practicing  physician 
and  the  first  teacher  in  Kentucky  were 
Roman  Catholics.'  They  were  both 
valiant  and  valuable  men.  They  were 
followed  by  many  other  families  who 

.  .  were  a  most  important  contribu- 
tion to  the  blood  of  Kentucky." 

Robert  Abell,  a  Catholic,  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of 
1799.  Captain  James  Rudd,  a  Catholic, 
Avas  a  delegate  from  Louisville  to  the 
Constitutional  Convention  of  1849. 
Captain  Rudd 's  title  was  earned  in  the 
war  of  1812.  The  other  delegate  repre- 
senting Louisville  in  that  Convention 
was  William  Preston,  who  was  educated 
by  the  Jesuits  at  St.  Joseph's  College, 
l>ardstown,  whose  daughter  became  a 
Catholic.  Captain  Rudd  also  repre- 
sented Louisville  in  the  Legislature  in 
]  831  and  1840.  At  one  time  he  and  his 
brother.  Dr.  Christopher  Rudd,  of 
Washington  County,  and  his  brother 
Major  Richard  Rudd,  of  Nelson  Coun- 
ty, who  also  earned  his  title  in  the  war 
of  1812,  W'Cre  members  of  the  Legisla- 
ture. Another  Catholic  delegate  in  the 
Constitutional  Convention  of  1849  was 
Charles  Cooper  Kelly  of  Washington 
( 'ount}".  In  the  Constitutional  Conven- 
tion of  1890  were  three  Catholics, 
Edward  Emmett  Kirwin,  Ignatius 
A.  Spalding,  Jr.,  and  Edward  J. 
McDermott,  Lieutenant  Governor 
inider  McCrearj^ 

Among  other  distinguished  Catholics 
who  have  contributed  to  the  growth  of 
our  State  are  Judge  James  O'Hara, 
Jr.,   of   Covington,   whose  father   was 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


47 


born  in  Ireland,  whose  brother  Kane 
O'Hara  was  a  teacher  of  rare  abilit.y, 
General  Zachary  Taylor  having  been 
one  of  his  pupils,  whose  cousin, 
Theodore  O'Hara,  the  soldier  poet, 
wrote  '  *  The  Bivouac  of  the  Dead. ' " 
Judge  0  'Hara  was  one  time  partner  of 
John  G.  Carlisle^  and  later  partner  of 
John  W.  Stephenson,  who  had  been 
Governor  of  Kentucky  and  was  then 
United  States  Senator.  James  William 
Bryan  of  Covington,  Lieutenant  Gov- 
ernor w^hen  General  Simon  Bolliver 
Buckner  was  Governor,  was  a  Catholic, 
born  of  Irish  parents.  Judge 
William  E.  Russell,  elected  Circuit 
Judge  of  Lebanon  in  1886,  was  a  Catho- 
lic, a  convert.  Judge  John  E. 
Newman,  elected  Circuit  Judge  of 
Nelson  in  1862,  afterwards  law  part- 
ner of  John  M.  Harlan  who  became 
Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States,  was  a  Catholic.  Judge 
Newman  published  book,  "Pleading 
and  Practice,"  said  by  lawyers  to  be 
the  best  book  ever  written  by  a  Ken- 
tucky lawyer. 

Here  in  Kentucky  the  Honorable  Ben 
Johnson,  a  Catholic,  has  been  represent- 
ing his  district  longer  than  any  other 
congressman,  having  been  elected  at  ten 
consecutive  elections,  and  Avill  soon 
have  served  twenty  years  in  Congress. 
The  Fourth  Congressional  District  con- 
sists of  thirteen  counties,  only  three  of 
which  have  a  large  percentage  (approx- 
imately 40  %  )  of  Catholics ;  the  other 
ten  counties  will  not  average  5  % ,  while 
a  couple  of  them  have  no  Catholics  at 
all.  The  public  life  and  activities  of 
Congressman  Johnson  are  ver}^  well 
known  and  publicly  recorded  in  the 
Congressional  Record,  and  it  must  be 
plainly  obvious  that  the  voters  in  the 
District,  with  twenty  years  experience, 
have  no  question  in  their  minds  as  to 
the  allegiance  of  their  Congressman  to 
the  country  or  to  their  interests  regard- 
less of  their  religious  beliefs. 

Whether  your  weekly  is  Democratic 
or  Republican,  it  is  misrepresenting  the 
spirit  of  Kentucky  and  its  motto, 
"United  we  stand — Divided  we  fall," 
to  say  nothing  of  slandering  your 
neighbor. 


Wishing  you  a  Happy  New  Year,  beg 
to  remain.  Yours  very  truly, 

[Signed]   P.  H.  Callahan 


The    Missions    in!    the    Little    Sunda 
Islands 

We  are  indebted  to  our  old  friend. 
Father  Fr.  De  Lange,  S.  V.  D.,  for  a 
copy  of  the  very  interesting  annual  re- 
port on  the  state  of  the  missions  in  the 
Little  Sunda  Islands,  Endeh,  Flores 
and  the  Dutch  East  Indies,  by  the  Rt. 
Rev.  A.  Yerstraelen,  D.  D.,  S.  V.  D. 
Yicar  Apostolic.  Father  De  Lange  used 
to  be  stationed  at  Techny,  111.,  and  hi 
now  on  a  visit  in  the  U.  S.  to  collect 
for  these  missions.  The  report  shows 
that  the  field  in  which  he  and  his 
brethren  are  laboring  is  one  of  great 
promise.  There  have  been  12,176  bap- 
tisms during  the  past  year,  so  that  the 
vicariate  now  numbers  78,000  Chris- 
tiaiis,  whose  fervor  maj^  be  guaged  by 
the  number  of  confessions  and  com- 
munions, which  was  275,471  and  905,- 
367,  respectively,  during  the  twelve- 
montli.  These  figures  show  the  attitude 
of  the  native  pagans  towards  the  Catho- 
lic faith  and  reveal  the  genuinely  Chris- 
tian spirit  of  the  converts.  What  is 
mainly  needed  in  these  islands  to  con- 
vert the  remaining  500,000  pagans  is 
catechists,  and  when  one  is  told  that 
$60  will  support  a  catechist  for  one 
year,  and  a  burse  of  $1,000  ifi  per- 
peiuuin,  one  cannot  help  thinking  that 
a  serious  effort  on  the  part  of  the 
American  Catholics,  who  are  so  richly 
blessed  in  comparison  with  the  poor 
people  of  these  islands,  would  make  the 
whole  of  the  Little  Sunda  Islands 
Catholic. 

Catholic  Missions  for  January,  by  the 
way,  contains  an  article  by  Fr.  De 
Lange  on  the  Little  Sunda  missions. 
His  description  of  the  hardships  which 
the  missionaries  have  to  undergo  in 
this  damp  tropical  climate  is  graphic 
and  touching.  The  strongest  constitu- 
tions are  undermined  in  a  few  years. 
Four  of  the  S.  Y.  D.  Fathers  have  al- 
ready succumbed,  and  eleven  are  ilL 
Fr.  De  Lange 's  present  address  is  St. 
Mary's  Mission  House,  Techny,  111. 


48 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


February  1 


Radio  in  the  Service  of  Religion 

On  New  Year's  eve  I  heard  the  Rev. 
W.  G.  Voliva,  of  Zion  City,  111.,  say 
over  the  radio  that  "the  end"  (I  sup- 
pose he  meant  the  millennium)  "vvould 
come  before  1935,  if  I  understood  him 
correctly.  He  said  he  had  been  at  the 
head  of  the  "Christian,  Catholic  Apos- 
tolic Church"  (sic!)  for  nineteen  years. 
After  his  sermon  (which  was  rather 
stentorian  and  rambling)  the  congrega- 
tion was  invited  to  pass  around  the 
"barrel"  for  the  "sacrificial  offer- 
ings." The  services  lasted  nritil  3 
A.  M. 

The  "sacrificial  offerings"  were 
' '  only ' '  $44,000,  and  the  preacher  gave 
his  flock  "Hail  Columbia"  the  next 
Sunday  because  it  was  not  $50,000,  as 
he  wanted  that  much  for  a  new  radio 
station!  to  spread  the  "gospel."  He 
also  forbade  his  flock  to  eat  oysters, 
"for  they  were  not  made  by  God  to 
be  eaten. ' '  Talk  about  the  ' '  tyranny  of 
the  Church ! ' '  He  claims  that  he  col- 
lected $25,000,000  in  the  19  years  of 
his  pastorate  and  paid  $10,000,000  for 
wages  during  that  time. 

So  much  for  Yoliva  and  his  activities. 
I  have  been  thinking  many  times  that 
we  Catholics  ought  to  use  the  radio 
to  spread  Catholic  doctrine.  All  kinds 
of  heresy  are  being  spread  by  this 
means,  why  not  the  truth?  There  was 
a  fine  article  on  the  subject  in  the  OJiio 
Waisenfreund  of  Dec.  31,  p.  414.  I 
suggested  the  matter  to  Our  Sunday 
Visitor,  but  without  effect. 

(Rev.)  James  Walcher 

[A  New  York  despatch  of  recent  date 
says  that  the  Paulist  Fathers  have  com- 
pleted plans  for  the  installation  of  a 
powerful  radio  broadcasting  station  in 
their  main  building  in  West  Fifty- 
ninth  Street,  "for  the  purpose  of  ac- 
quainting the  public  with  the  Catholic 
viewpoint  upon  current  affairs."  The 
station  will  be  known  as  WPL.  On  com- 
pletion of  WPL,  to  be  installed  as  a  100- 
watt  station  by  the  Western  Electric 
Co.  at  a  cost  of  approximately  $38,000, 
the  Paulist  Fathers  plan  to  erect  simi- 
lar stations  at  their  missions  in  Chicago 
and  San  Francisco.     WPL  will  broad- 


cast on  a  wave  length  of  405  meters. 
Unfortunately,  as  Arthur  Brisbane 
says,  there  will  probably  be  more  tu- 
ning-in  for  jazz  music  than  for  religioiis 
exhortations. — Editor] . 


The  Sacrificial  Idea  in  the  Mass 

Msgr.  Alexander  MacDonald,  until 
lately  Bishop  of  Victoria,  B,  C,  has 
published  a  book  on  "The  Sacrifice  of 
the  Mass  in  the  Light  of  Scripture  and 
Tradition"  (Herder),  in  which  he  en- 
deavors to  ' '  remove  the  question  of  the 
sacrificial  idea  in  the  Mass  from  the 
realm  of  theological  speculation  to  the 
solid  ground  of  Scripture  and  tradi- 
tion." He  holds  that  the  essence  of 
the  Sacrifice  of  the  Mass  consists  in 
the  immolation  on  Mount  Calvary,  with 
which,  as  we  know  by  faith,  the  Mass 
is  one. 

The  thesis  of  the  book  is  succinctly 
stated  by  Archbishop  Lepicier  in  his 
Introductory  Letter :  "  ....  as  our 
Lord  offered  Himself  to  the  Father  in 
view  of  the  Bloody  Sacrifice  which 
was  soon  to  follow,  and  particularly 
in  view  of  the  Eucharistic  Sacrifice 
which  was  to  be  offered  up  by  priests 
to  the  end  of  time,  so  the  Last  Supper 
was  the  Sacrifice  of  the  Cross  as  begun, 
the  Immolation  on  Calvary  was  the 
same  Sacrifice  consummated,  and  the 
Mass  is  now  the  Sacrifice  of  the  Cross 
as  continued  and  applied  to  us." 

It  is  difficult  to  see  how  this  teaching 
can  be  reconciled  with  that  of  St. 
Thomas  and  the  Council  of  Trent  (cfr. 
Prior  Vincent  McNabb's  criticism  in 
Blackfriars,  V.  50) ;  but  there  can  be 
no  question  that  Msgr.  MacDonald 's 
book  forms  a  noteworthy  contribution 
to  the  clearing  up  of  an  obscure  sub- 
ject and  has  the  additional  value  of 
being  a  useful  introduction  to  Fr.  M. 
de  la  Taille's  "Mysterium  Fidei," 
though  it  is  but  right  to  add  that  Dr. 
MacDonald  set  forth  the  opinion  now 
so  ably  championed  by  the  French 
Jesuit  twenty  years  before  the  latter 's 
monumental  work  appeared. 

Great  thoughts,  says  Bishop 
Spalding,  are  so  rare  that  one  is  enough 
to  make  its  creator  famous. 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


C:T!1 


Oin  THFOI 


^•5  ■  ■ 

49 


Ridiculing  Lodgery 


In  a  recent  syndicated  article  the 
famous  humorist  George  Ade  describes 
the  "Joiner."  This  man  "was  the 
G.  K.  of  one  Benevolent  Order  and  the 
Worshipful  High  Guy  of  something 
else  and  the  Senior  AVarden  of  the 
Sons  of  Patoosh,  and  a  lot  more  that 
his  wife  couldn't  keep  track  of." 

Mr.  Ade  sketches  the  type  as  follows : 

"He  believed  that  anything  done  in 
a  secretive  and  mysterious  manner 
thereby  became  Important.  It  made 
him  happy  to  know  that  he  was  the 
Custodian  of  Inside  Stuff,  which  would 
never  be  dividged  to  one  who  had  not 
taken  the  Oath.  He  carried  at  least  20 
Kituals  in  his  Head,  and  his  Hands 
were  all  twisted  out  of  Shape  from 
giving  so  many  different  Grips. ' ' 

The  Masonic  lodge,  the  Knights 
Templars,  and  Shrine,  are  referred  to 
in  the  following: 

"Night  after  Night  he  was  off  to  a 
Hall  up  a  Dark  Stairway  to  lead  some 
Unfortunate  into  the  Blue  Lodge  or 
the  Commandery  or  else  over  the  Hot 
Sands.  If  he  had  not  spent  all  his 
money  going  to  Conclaves  and  Grand 
Lodge  Meetings,  he  paid  Dues  and  As- 
sessments and  bought  Uniforms." 

His  wife  complained  that  she  could 
use  on  groceries  some  of  the  money 
he  was  spending  on  velvet  regalia  and 
emblematic  watch-charms,  but  he  con- 
soled her  with  the  insurance  money 
she  and  the  children  would  get  from 
those  organizations,  and  continued  to 
revel  in  uniforms  and  paraphernalia. 

"He  had  one  Suit  in  Particular, 
with  Frogs  and  Cords  and  Gold  Braid 
strung  around  over  the  Front  of  it, 
and  then  a  Helmet  with  about  a  Bushel 
of  Red  Feathers.  When  he  got  into 
this  Rig  and  strapped  on  his  Jeweled 
Sword,  he  wouldn't  have  traded  places 
with  John  Pershing," 

Ade  continues  his  bantering  by  de- 
scribing the  lodge-man  as  follows : 

"The  real  Joiner  loves  to  sit  up  on 
an  elevated  Throne,  wearing  a  Bib  and 
holding  a  dinky  Gavel  and  administer- 
ing a  blistering  Oath  to  the  Wanderer 
who  seeks  the  Privilege  of  helping  to 
pay  the  Rent.    To  a  Man  who  does  not 


cut  very  many  Lemons  around  his  own 

House,  and  where  they  are  on  to  him, 
it  is  a  great  Satisfaction  to  get  up  in  a 
Lodge  Hall  and  put  on  a  lot  of  Cere- 
monial Dog  and  have  the  Members 
kneel  in  front  of  him  and  Salute  him 
as  the  Exalted  Sir  Knight.  You  take 
a  Man  who  is  plugging  along  on  a 
Salary,  and  who  has  to  answer  the 
Phone  and  wrap  up  Tea  all  Day,  and 
let  him  go  out  at  Night  and  be  a  High 
and  Mighty  Gazookus,  and  it  helps  him 
to  feel  that  he  isn't  such  a  Nine-Spot 
after  aU." 

Thoughtful  people  everywhere  are 
awakening  to  the  sham  and  emptiness 
of  secretism  and  learning  to  look  upon 
lodgery — outside  of  Freemasonry — as 
more  or  less  a  joke.  What  a  pity  that 
Catholics,  after  avoiding  this  humbug 
for  generations,  should  have  adopted 
not  a  few  of  its  silliest  features  at  a 
time  when  the  "jiners"  were  already 
beginning  to  become  an  object  of  ridi- 
cule to  straight-forward,  honest  Ameri- 
cans! 


Joseph  Otten 

Unusual  honors  were  paid  to  Mr. 
Joseph  Otten,  of  Pittsburgh,  recently, 
on  the  occapion  of  his  twenty-fifth  anni- 
versary^ as  choir  director  of  the  Cathe- 
dral. When  Mr.  Otten  attended  the 
6  :30  mass,  the  full  choir  sang,  and  in 
the  evening  a  banquet  was  tendered  to 
him  at  the  Pittsburgh  Athletic  Associ- 
ation. 

Among  the  many  well-deserved 
tributes  paid  to  Mr.  Otten  was  this  by 
Bishop  Boyle:  "Not  only  have  his 
standards  been  high  and  exacting?  in 
an  artistic  way,  but  he  has  been  keen 
to  see  to  it  that  the  law  and 
liturgy  of  the  Church  should  be  ob- 
served in  all  the  matters  that  came 
within  his  province.  This  was  no  easy 
task.  It  involved  setting  his  face  stern- 
ly against  practices  that  had  commend- 
ed themselves  to  the  people  of  the  City 
over  a  long  term  of  years;  practices 
that  were  reprehensible,  both  because 
they  involved  in  some  instances  pander- 
ing to  deplorable  taste,  and  in  many  in- 
stances, disobedience  to  the  liturgy  of 


5372 


50 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


February  1 


the  Church,  and  to  the  Church's  law  as 
it  concerns  music.  He  could  not  be  less 
forceful  in  his  opposition  to  these 
things,  if  he  were  to  make  any  headwa}' 
against  them.  It  is  because  he  faced 
these  difficulties,  and  faced  them  down, 
that  great  credit  is  due  him." 

And  this  from  Archbishop  Canevin, 
formerly  Bishop  of  Pittsburgh: 
'*  'Honor  to  whom  honor  is  due.'  Mr, 
Otten  is  worthy  of  great  praise  and 
honor  for  the  work  that  he  has  done  and 
for  the  edifying  example  of  Christian 
virtue  which  he  has  given  to  all." 

Before  going  to  Pittsburgh,  Mr. 
Otten  was  for  20  years  choir  director 
of  St.  Francis  Xavier's  Church  in  St. 
Louis  and  director  of  the  famous 
Choral  Symphony  Society.  His  hymnal 
is  in  use  in  all  parts  of  the  country.  For 
over  a  quarter  of  a  century  he  has  been 
a  staff  contributor,  mostly  on  musical 
topics,  to  the  F.  R.,  and  the  Editor 
joins  his  many  friends  in  congratulat- 
ing Mr.  Otten  upon  his  brilliant  suc- 
cess in  his  chosen  field  of  endeavor  and 
cherishes  the  hope  that  he  may  long 
continue  to  serve  the  Catholic  cause 
both  as  a  choir  director  and  a  music 
critic. 

A   Wicked   Propaganda 

Under  this  heading  the  Month  (No. 
725)   says: 

The  plague  of  birth-control,  artifi- 
cially stimulated  by  earnest  but  woe- 
fully-misguided men  and  women,  con- 
tinues to  spread.  Our  readers  will  be 
shocked  and  disgusted  to  hear  that, 
in  the  current  number  of  Nature,  a 
popular  scientific  journal  of  long  stand- 
ing and  good  repute,  the  practice  of 
contraception  is  actually  defended,  in 
the  course  of  a  review  of  a  book  rec- 
ommending it.  The  usual  wholly- 
inadequate,  often-exploded  grounds  of 
justification  are  advanced,  viz.,  "Apart 
from  war,  famine  and  the  like,  no 
means,  save  contraception,  of  fleeing 
from  the  wrath  to  come  can  be  thought 
of."  The  wrath  to  come,  in  the  eyes 
of  the  reviewer,  is  the  old  bogey  of 
over-population.  When  one  thinks  that 
there  is  ample  room  on  this  planet, 
given  the  normal  physiological  rate  of 


unfettered  increase — about  five  or  six 
in  a  family — for  the  growth  of  pop- 
ulation during  centuries  to  come,  it 
seems  strange  that  an  immoral  practice 
should  be  urged  upon  us  now  as  a 
safeguard  against  a  very  remote  and 
largely  hypothetical  danger.  The  re- 
viewer's other  reason  is  even  less  logi- 
cal —  "Contraception  [he  says], 
whether  right  or  wrong,  has  come  to 
stay."  That  means,  once  an  evil  has 
become  widespread,  nothing  should  be 
done  to  stop  it.  AVould  the  reviewer 
be  prepared  to  notice  favorably  an- 
other evil  practice  which,  just  in  the 
same  sense,  has  "come  to  stay,"  viz., 
abortion!      Logically,   he  should. 

Although  many  non-Catholics  con- 
demn the  practice,  there  is  often  a  note 
of  uncertainty  about  their  attitude,  a 
disposition  to  admit  the  claims  of 
"hard  cases"  to  allow  the  entrance  of 
the  thin  end  of  the  wedge.  Only  the 
Catholic  Church  proclaims,  in  all  cir- 
cumstances— "Thou  shalt  not." 


An  interesting  fiction  is  laid  to  rest 
by  Dr.  Arthur  Shadwell  in  a  letter  to 
the  London  Times  (No.  43,830).  Desir- 
ing to  test  the  statement  that  Karl 
Marx  had  been  educated  at  a  Jesuit 
school,  from  which  he  was  expelled,  Dr. 
Shadwell  says  that  he  traced  out  the 
exact  facts.  It  seems  that  Marx  attend- 
ed a  school  in  Treves  known  officially 
as  the  King  Frederick  William  College, 
and  was  expelled  for  misconduct.  It 
was  not  a  Jesuit  school,  and  could  not 
have  been,  as  the  Jesuits  had  been  ex- 
pelled long  before  that  time.  But  the 
buildings  were  those  of  the  former 
Jesuit  school,  and  are  still  locally  call- 
ed by  that  name.  Thus  it  is  true  that 
Marx  was  expelled  from  "the  Jesuit 
School,"  but  not  from  a  Jesuit  school. 
The  Jesuits  did  not  return  to  Treves 
until  1856.  This  freak  of  nomencla- 
ture is  not  at  all  uncommon  in  coun- 
tries from  which  the  Jesuits  were  ex- 
pelled, and  the  "  Jesuitenkirche "  is 
still  a  common  feature  of  towns  where 
there  are — officially  or  actually — no 
Jesuits.  

Resignation  is  placing  God  between 
ourselves  and  pain. 


1925 


THE   FOETXIGHTLY  EEYIEW 


51 


Notes  and  Gleanings 

Catholic  Press  Month,  having  the 
sanction  of  the  bishops  and  the  special 
blessing  of  the  Supreme  Pontiff,  calls 
for  the  vigorous  support  of  a  loyal 
laity.  If  it  be  given  that,  in  the  prac- 
tical way  of  adding  new  paid-in-ad- 
vance subscribers  to  Catholic  publica- 
tions, its  purpose  Avill  be  realized  in 
most  gratifying  measure.  Will  yon- 
help  ? 

The  prayers  of  our  readers,  especial- 
ly of  his  many  friends  in  ditferent  parts 
of  the  country,  are  requested  for  the 
repose  of  the  soul  of  the  Very  Reverend 
Canon  F.  Charles  Brockmeier,  late  rec- 
tor of  St.  Francis  of  Assisi  Church, 
New  Orleans,  La.,  who  died  unexpected- 
ly on  the  morning  of  Jan.  15  and  was 
buried  on  Jan.  17.  Father  Brockmeier 
Avas  a  native  of  Paderborn,  AVestphalia, 
and  came  to  this  country  as  a  young 
student,  in  1875.  He  was  ordained  to 
the  holy  priesthood  at  St.  Francis  Semi- 
nary, Wis.,  in  1880,  and  before  going  to 
New  Orleans,  about  thirty  years  ago, 
was  engaged  in  pastoral  work  in  the 
Archdiocese  of  St.  Louis,  where  he  left 
many  sincere  friends.  He  was  one  of 
the  first  subscribers  to  the  F.  R.  and 
remained  a  faithful  supporter  of  the 
magazine  and  its  editor  to  the  end  of 
his  life.  R.  i.  p.! 

Another  staunch  old  friend  of  the 
F.  R.  passed  away  when  Rt.  Rev.  Msgr. 
J.  A.  Sheppard,  V.  G.,  of  Jersey  City, 
succumbed  to  pneumonia  at  the  age  of 
75.  He  was  a  native  of  Paterson,  N.  J., 
and  served  as  vicar-general  of  the  dio- 
cese of  Newark  since  1902.  Bishop 
O'Connor  said  of  him:  "The  death  of 
Msgr.  Sheppard  is  a  great  disaster  to 
us.  God  has  taken  him  from  us  when 
we  may  presume  to  say  he  was  best  em- 
ployed and  wanted  most.  His  active 
mind  and  great  practical  wisdom  were 
to  me  a  tower  of  strength."  Msgr. 
Sheppard  read  the  F.  R.  for  many 
years  and  esteemed  it  highly.  In  re- 
newing his  subscription  for  1925, 
early  last  December,  he  wrote :  ' '  En- 
closed finjl  my  check   ($5)  for  annual 


subscription  to  the  F.  R.  I  enjoy  every 
number  and  think  the  magazine  is 
worth  every  cent  of  $5  annually.  We 
would  be  very  lonesome  without  the 
F.  R.,  and  miss  many  good  thoughts 
that  are  not  to  be  found  elsewhere." 
May  his  noble  soul  rest  in  peace  I 

The  report  of  the  Committee  of  the 
American  Classical  League,  after  a 
three-3'ears'  investigation  of  classical 
studies,  is  distinctly  encouraging  to 
those  who  are  convinced  that  the  sound- 
est contribution  to  modern  educational 
progress  lies  in  that  direction.  The  re- 
port asserts  that  not  only  is  the  tide 
turning  back  in  the  direction  of  the 
classics,  but  there  is  a  tendency  to- 
wards better  teaching  and  greater  em- 
phasis on  the  essentials.  There  were  al- 
most a  million  students  of  Latin  in  our 
American  schools  and  colleges  last 
year.  The  number  taking  Greek  is  still 
comparatively  small,  but  it  is  increas- 
ing. The  chief  need  in  the  U.  S.  at 
present  seems  to  be  a  larger  corps  of 
adequately  trained  teachers. 


If  we  may  rely  on  the  Ellis  County 
(Kansas)  News  (Vol.  XXVII,  No.  1), 
there  is  at  least  one  Catholic  priest  in 
the  v.  S.  who  hopes  to  see  the  day 
when  the  Holy  See  will  lift  the  ban 
from  Freemasonry  in  this  country. 
His  name  is  Joseph  A.  Wasinger,  and 
he  is  stationed  at  Horton,  Kansas. 
Father  Wasinger  expressed  his  hope  in 
an  address  delivered  at  a  K.  of  C.  initi- 
ation at  Hays,  Kansas,  We  fear  he  will 
have  to  wait  a  long  time  before  he  will 
see  his  expectation  realized.  Mean- 
while we  would  respectfully  recommend 
to  him  a  careful  perusal  of  the  various 
papal  pronouncements  against  Free- 
masonry and  of  "A  Study  in  American 
Freemasonry"  (Herder),  wherein  it  is 
shown,  from  American  Masonic  sources, 
that  American  Freemasonry  is  substan- 
tially identical  in  character  and  aims 
with  the  Freemasonry  of  Europe. 

Few  non-Catholics  have  any  adequate 
conception  of  the  liberty  of  thought  and 
expression  enjoyed  by  those  within  the 
Church.  "There  is  no  church  more 
patient  and  tolerant  of  honest  differ- 


52 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


Febiniarv    1 


euces  of  opinion  among  its  members," 
says  the  Baltimore  Catholic  Review 
(Vol.  XII,  No.  6),  "than  the  Catholic 
f/hurch.  AH  that  the  Catholic  Church 
asks  is  tliat  her  children  accept  the  de- 
posit of  faith  and  believe  in  and  prac- 
tice the  doctrines  of  their  religion. 
Members  of  the  hierarchy  and  other 
distinguished  members  of  the  Church  in 
this  country  have  disagreed  upon  many 
subjects  and  have  been  outspoken  in 
their  disagreements — such  disagree- 
ments and  such  outspokenness  have  not 
caused  any  well-balanced  Catholic  to 
question  the  integrity  of  the  Catholicity 
of  those  in  disagreement.  It  is  quite 
possible  for  a  Catholic  layman,  for  ex- 
ample, to  disagree  with  the  Pope  in 
many  matters  not  of  faith  and  morals ; 
it  is  entirely  possible  that  the  layman 
may  be  right  and  the  Pope  wrong. ' ' 

Leading  Avi'iters  on  the  history  of 
Negro  slavery  admit  that  Catholic  na- 
tions treated  their  slaves  better  than 
Protestant  nations,  although  not  all  of 
them  in  the  same  degree.  The  Spanish 
laws  made  it  comparatively  easv  for  a 
Negro  to  gain  his  freedom,  while  the 
Church  was  constantly  solicitous  that 
the  essential  equality  of  the  races 
should  not  be  denied  by  law  or  custom. 
Therefore,  while  in  the  South  of  our 
country  the  Negro  was  regarded  almost 
a  brute,  and  his  soul  unworthy  of  con- 
sideration, all  attempts  of  avaricious 
and  hard-hearted  Spaniards  or  Portu- 
guese to  deny  that  fundamentally  the 
Negro  was  the  equal  of  the  white,  fail- 
ed. These  things  the  Catholics  of  our 
country  should  bear  in  mind,  justly 
says  a  recent  press  bulletin  of  the  Cen- 
tral Bureau,  and  therelry-  consider 
themselves  charged  Avith  the  special 
duty  of  furthering  the  welfare  of  their 
Negro  fellow-citizens. 

We  are  obliged  to  L' Action  Catho- 
lique,  of  Quebec,  daily  edition,  No. 
4609,  for  a  friendly  notice  of  the  F.  R., 
in  which  it  says :  ' '  Nous  felicitous  M. 
Preuss.  II  a  largement  merite  ces 
devouements  qui  soutiennent  son  oeuvre 
a  ce  moment  de  papier  cher.  Et  nous 
sommes  heureux  que  ce  journaliste 
catholiqu'C  americian  ait  rencontre  pour 


lui  permettre  de  continuer  le  bon  com- 
bat 1 'encouragement  tinaneier  dont  11 
avait  si  grand  besoin.  Cet  'cxemple 
dt'vrait  inspirer  les  catholiques  suscep- 
tibles  de  comprendre  les  sacrifices  que 
s'imposent  les  publications  catholiques 
pour  vivre  et  propager  de  saines  idees." 


Archeologists  are  excavating  the  an- 
cient Roman  city  of  Leptis  Magna, 
buried  beneath  the  sands  of  the  Libyan 
Deserti  in  Northern  Africa.  No  other 
buried  city  has  been  found  so  well  pre- 
served, with  the  exception  of  Pompeii; 
and  Pompeii,  while  yielding  magnifi- 
cent statuary,  cannot  boast  of  such 
architectural  splendor  as  found  at 
Leptis  Magna. 

The  Catholic  Northwest  Progress 
prints  the  following  note  on  its  editorial 
page:  "When  St.  Thomas  Aquinas  was 
dying,  one  of  his  friends  asked  him 
what  he  considered  the  most  frightful 
thing  on  earth.  He  answered:  'That 
Avhich  I  could  never  comprehend — that 
a  man  should  dare  to  sleep  with  a 
mortal  sin  on  his  soul.'  "  We  do  not 
know  whether  there  is  anj^  authority 
for  this  statement,  but  it  is  not  alto- 
gether improbable  that  St.  Thomas 
should  have  expressed  himself  thus  on 
his  deathbed,  since  tradition  has  it  that 
one  of  his  favorite  sayings  w^as  that  he 
could  not  understand  how  any  man  liv- 
ing impenitently  in  the  state  of  mortal 
sin  could  ever  be  happy  or  even  smile; 
or,  as  J.  M.  Allodi  puts  it  in  his  ' '  Elo- 
gium  Historicum, "  prefixed  by  Peter 
Fiaccadori  to  the  first  volume  of  his 
edition  of  the  "Opera  Omnia"  of  the 
Angelic  Doctor  (Parma,  1852)  :  "satis 
se  lion  intelligere  quomodo  quotidie  in 
peccatis  sine  poenitentia  vivens  homo 
laetus  esse  vel  ridere  possit."  Such 
levity  is,  in  fact,  almost  incomprehen- 
sible.   

Our  time,  says  a  German  writer, 
suffers  from  intellectual  cramming  and 
religious  under-nourishment.  Modern 
educational  methods  tend  to  make  the 
child  poorer  in  religion  while  one-sided- 
ly increasing  his  knowledge.  The  re- 
sult is  that  "we  are  wandering  in  a 
desert  where  no  flowers  bloom,"     The 


192t 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


53 


children  are  becoming  smart,  dissatis- 
fiedj  brutal,  pleasure-seekers.  The 
more  education  is  withdrawn  from  the 
influence  of  Christ,  the  more  will  child- 
like naivete,  joy  and  happiness  disap- 
pear from  the  lives  of  young  and  old 
alike.  The  adolescent  Jesus  is  and  will 
ever  remain  the  highest  and  most  beau- 
tiful; ideal  of  youth.  The  more  this 
ideal  is  banished  from  home  and  school, 
the  Avorse  will  our  children  grow  and 
the  farther  mil  they  go  astray. 


At  the  Cambridge  Summer  School 
this  year,  Father  P.  P.  Mackey,  0.  P., 
read  a  paper  on  the  Leonine  edition  of 
the  works  of  St.  Thomas,  on  which  he 
himself  has  been  engaged  for  the  past 
forty-three  years.  The  remote  origin 
of  this  undertaking,  he  said,  is  to  be 
traced  to  Pope  Pius  V,  under  whose 
auspices  the  first  complete  edition  of 
St.  Thomas  was  issued.  Leo  XIII  de- 
clared that  he  was  following  in  the 
footsteps  of  Pius  V.  To  give  Aquinas 
to  the  world  in  a  worthy  edition,  was 
the  first  preoccupation  of  Leo's  pon- 
tificate. In  the  beginning  the  work  was 
under  the  direction  of  three  Cardinals. 
After  the  death  of  the  last  of  these  it 
was  entrusted  to  the  Dominican  Carder, 
and  finally  to  a  body  of  workers  con- 
stituted into  a  "Pontifical  College  of 
Editors  of  St.  Thomas."  The  Leonine 
edition  was  not  meant  to  be  an  archeolo- 
gical  or  bibliographical  monument,  but 
was  intended  for  practical  and  easy 
use.  No  pains  were  spared  to  secure  an 
accurate  and  authentic  text.  Unfortu- 
nately, the  edition  is  not  yet  completed. 


With  the  remark :  ' '  Names  omitted 
by  oversight  from  '  Catholic  Builders 
of  America,'  (see  F.  R.,  XXXI,  15, 
p.  295),"  a  facetious  correspondent 
with  an  Irish  name  sends  us  a  clipping 
from  the  Boston  Post,  wherein,  under 
the  caption,  "Fistic  Notables  of  the 
American  Ring,"  is  told  the  story  of 
two  of  the  earliest  pugilists  that  came 
to  this  country  from  Ireland  and 
achieved  fame  here.  The  first  was 
Samuel  O'Rourke,  who  came  from 
Dublin  in  1831,  He  settled  in  New 
Orleans  and  soon  made  his  mark  to  the 


extent  of  being  called  "Champion  of 
the  South."  His  most  notable  encoun- 
ter was  vath  James  "Deaf"  Burke, 
who  had  won  considerable  ill  will  for 
himself  incidental  to  the  death  of 
Simon,  Bryne,  champion  of  Ireland, 
following  a  99-round  fight,  lasting 
three  hours.  Burke  and  0  'Rourke  met 
in  the  outskirts  of  New  Orleans,  May 
5,  1837,  and  had  fought  three  rounds 
when  a  riot  started.  Burke  was  forced 
to  flee  on  horseback  to  save  his  life. 
Before  the  affair  was  over,  troops  had 
been  called  out,  several  persons  had 
been  killed,  and  a  whole  city  block 
reduced  to  ashes.  Burke  was  a  happy 
man  when  he  reached  New  York  with 
a  whole  skin.  As  for  O'Rourke,  his 
backers  having  started  the  fuss,  he  was 
the  hero  for  a  while.  In  1845  he  was 
murdered  at  Ottawa,  Canada,  by  Mike 
Brady,  with  whom  he  had  quarrelled. 


Despite  the  huge  circulations  and  the 
enormous  revenue  and  profits  of  the 
commercial  press  on  both  sides  of  the 
Atlantic — or  because  of  this  fact — its 
editorial  integrity  is  very  widely  dis- 
credited. The  views  put  forth  by  Mr. 
Upton  Sinclair  in  his  famous  work  on 
"The  Brass  Check"  have  had  a  wider 
circulation  and  have  sunk  deeper  into 
the  popular  mind  that  even  their  author 
probably  realizes.  For  this  reason  in 
more  than  one  country  the  journal 
which  avowedly  rejects  the  effort  to  ac- 
cumulate an  enormous  circulation  or  a 
vast  advertising  revenue,  and  tries  in- 
stead to  draw  an  intelligent  picture  of 
our  changing  world  for  intelligent  read- 
ers can  and  does  make  a  place  for  itself 
in^'  contemporary  thought  of  real  sig- 
nificance.— The  New  Republic,  No.  510, 


In  Vol.  IV,  No.  4  of  the  British 
Antiquaries'  Journal  (London:  Mil- 
ford)  Mr.  C.  Leonard  Woolley  de- 
scribes the  important  discoveries  made 
at  Tell-el-Obeid  by  the  joint  expedi- 
tion of  the  British  Museum  and  the 
Museum  of  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, They  include  the  foundation 
inscription  of  the  temple  there,  a  tablet 
of  white  marble  recording  its  building 
by  A-an-ni-pad-da,  King  of  Ur,  son  of 


54 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


February  ] 


Mes-an-ni-pad-da.  The  first  name,  as 
Mr.  Woolley  shows,  is  new  to  us ;  his 
father  is  known  as  the  first  king  of  the 
first  dynasty  of  Ur.  This  discovery  not 
only  makes  the  first  dynasty  historical, 
but  helps  to  clear  up  some  confusion 
in  chronology.  The  foundation  tablet 
of  A-an-ni-pad-da  is  "probably  the 
oldest  historical  record  yet  deciphered, 
and  his  temple  the  oldest  whose  author- 
ship and  relative  date  are  known." 


Correspondence 


In  No.  4  of  the  Australasian  Cath- 
olic Record  the  Rev.  W.  Leonard  shows 
by  a  number  of  quotations  from 
Brassac's  Manuel  Bihlique  that  that 
work  was  justly  condemned  by  the  S. 
Congregation  of  the  Holy  Office.  He 
says  in  conclusion :  ' '  In  condemning 
it  [the  Manuel  Bihlique]  the  Church 
has  taken  a  measure  that  was  necessary 
for  the  safegmarding  of  the  authority 
of  the  Scriptures  and  the  integrity  of 
the  faith.  The  Abbe  Brassac  himself 
has  been  one  of  the  first  to  recognize 
this  fact.  His  humble  and  complete 
submission  to  the  condemnation  of  his 
book  merits  only  our  esteem  and  ad- 
miration." 


Dr.  Charles  R.  Morey,  professor  of 
art  and  archeology  at  Princeton  Uni- 
versity, says  that  the  ancient  drink- 
ing cup  recently  discovered  at  Antioch 
(cfr.  ¥.  R.,  XXXI,  pp.  246  sqq.)  can- 
not be  the  Holy  Grail,  as  has  been  sup- 
posed by  some.  In  his  opinion  the 
relic  does  not  date  from  the  first,  but 
at  the  earliest  from  the  fourth  century. 
While  the  shape  of  the  chalice  is  quite 
ancient,  he  says,  the  iconography  of  the 
decorations  cannot  be  paralleled  until 
late  in  the  imperial  epoch.  There  are 
certain  features  about  the  cup  which 
arouse  suspicion;  for  instance,  the  un- 
usually well  preserved  outer  envelope, 
the  presence  of  solder,  and  the  fact  that 
the  oxidation  of  the  inner  cup  does  not 
seem  to  have  affected  the  outer  envelope 
to  the  extent  that  one  would  expect. 


The  James  Britten   of   America" 

To  the  Editor:— 

In  view  of  what  has  lately  been  written  in 
the  Catholic  press  concerning  the  late  James 
Britten  (compare,  for  instance,  Fr.  Albert 
Muntsch's  article  in  the  F.  E.  for  Dec.  15, 
1924),  the  readers  of  the  F.  R.  will  read  with 
interest  the  attached  note  from  the  London 
Catholic  Universe,  which  I  respectfully;  re- 
quest you  to  reproduce  in  your  pages. 

A.  C.  Brown. 

[The  clipping  from  the  Universe,  Vol.  63, 
No.  3338,  reads  as  follows:  "A  Dictionary  of 
Secret  and  Other  Societies  (B.  Herder),  14s., 
postage  6d,  compiled  by  a  Catholic,  indicates 
by  its  title  alone  the  fulfillment  of  a  real  need. 
And  when  one  finds  that  the  Catholic  compiler 
is  Mr.  Arthur  Preuss,  editor  of  the  Fort- 
nightly Review  of  St.  Louis,  one  knows  the 
need  will  really  be  fulfilled.  For  Mr.  Preuss  is 
not  only  a  scholar  and  a  theologian,  as  his 
long  row  of  books  proves,  but  he  is  a  Catholic 
publicist  of  the  most  formidable  kind.  The 
James  Britten  of  America  one  might  call 
him;  and,  like  Mr.  Britten,  he  has  become 
by  long  experience  and  practice  a  standing 
nuisance  to  bigots,  fanatics,  anti-Catholic  or- 
ganisers, and  evil-doers  in  general.  There  is 
nothing  about  them  that  he  does  not  know, 
and  nothing  he  is  afraid  to  say;  and  the  worst 
of  him,  from  their  point  of  view,  is  that  he  is 
never  to  be  caught  in  an  inaccuracy  about 
them.  We  have  not  had  time  to  examine  the 
present  volume  in  detail,  but  we  are  quite  con- 
tent to  take  it  on  trust.  There  may  be  a  few 
details  with  which  to  supplement  it  from  the 
English  point  of  view,  and  these  we  shall  look 
for  at  a  time  of  greater  leisure.  Meanwhile 
we  give  the  heartiest  welcome  to  a  most  use- 
ful book  of  reference."] 


Dr.  Nathan  Krass,  a  Jewish  rabbi, 
says  that  only  the  Catholics  have  been 
doing  their  duty  in  regard  to  the  re- 
ligious education  of  their  children. 


The  Cottage  System  in  Orphanciges 

To  the  Editor:  — 

Your  note  (F.  R.,  Vol.  XXXII,  No.  1)  in 
reference  to  the  new  orphanage  in  Cleveland 
sounds  somewhat  doubting.  You  close  with 
the  sentence :  ' '  We  are  eager  to  see  how 
this  test  of  the  cottage  plan  on  a  large  scale 
will  turn  out." 

The  modified  cottage  system  to  be  used  in 
the  new  orphanage  at  Cleveland  has  been  tried 
out  on  a  large  scale  here  in  the  Angel  Guar- 
dian Orphanage,  Chicago,  where  it  originated 
ten  years  ago.  Since  then  it  has  been  adopted 
by  other  institutions  in  the  United  States  and 
Canada.  The  results  are  very  gratifying. 
The  children  live  happier  lives,  their  progress 
in  school  is  much  better,  and  there  is  a  mark- 
ed improvement  in  general  health  conditions. 
The  National  Conference  of  Catholic  Charities 
recommended  the  system  to  Catholic  institu- 
tions, and  in  the  Archdiocese  of  New  York  it 


1925 


THE  FOETXIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


55 


was  introduced  even  in  institutions  with  old 
buildings.  There  is  a  strong  tendency  at 
present  against  child  caring  institutions.  Bet- 
ter care  of  the  children  made  possible  througli 
the  family  or  group  system  will  help  to  allay 
the  opposition.  The  institutions  can  not  be 
done  away  with.  Certain  classes  of  children 
can  and  ought  to  be  taken  care  of  in  private 
homes,  but  for  the  majority  of  dependent 
children  institutions  are  needed. 
Chicago,  111.  (Rev.)  Geo.  Eiseubacher 


A  Voice  from  Cleveland 

To  the  Editor:— 

Those  letters  from  Washington  in  your  Cor- 
respondence Column  (F.  R.,  XXXI,  23  and  24; 
XXXII,  1  and  2)  showing  how  much  political 
significance  was  attached  by  public  men  and 
office-holders  to  the  Holy  Name  Parade  in 
Washington  and  Cardinal  O'Connell's  asso- 
ciation with  President  Coolidge,  and  later  to 
the  indictment  of  President  Coolidge  and 
Secretary  Mellon  by  Archbishop  Curley,  were 
very  interesting.  Echoes  of  these  reports  had 
reached  all  the  political  leaders  here  in 
Cleveland. 

You  have  perhaps  heard  that  our  city  of 
Cleveland  iu  the  recent  election  went  for 
LaFollette  which  was  a  great  surprise,  consid- 
ering his  vote  in  other  sections  of  the  coun- 
try. Both  the  leading  parties,  unjustly  how- 
ever, blame  the  outcome  on  our  active  and 
very  well  informed  Bishop,  who  at  different 
times  expressed  his  dissatisfaction  with  both 
Republicans  and  Democrats.  At  a  Knights  of 
Columbus  banquet,  on  ' '  Landing  Day, ' '  some 
two  weeks  before  the  election  Bishop 
Schremba  expressed  very  publicly  his  dissat- 
isfaction and  disgust,  first,  over  the  cowardice 
of  the  Republicans  at  their  Cleveland  conven- 
tion for  being  afraid  even  to  discuss  the  K, 
K.  K.  issue  and,  secondly,  over  the  Democrats 
at  their  New  York  convention,  for  defeating 
the  resolution  specifically  denouncing  the 
Klan.  While  the  Bishop  did  not  expressly  en- 
dorse LaFollette,  the  process  of  elimination 
works  fine  in  politics,  and  there  is  little  doubt 
that  his  speech  was  very  effective  in  a  politi- 
cal sense,  for  it  got  first-page  headlines  in 
all  the  newspapers. 

We  have  in  Cleveland  100,000  Slavic  voters, 
all  Catholics,  who  either  tremble  or  go  into 
a  rage  whenever  the  K.  K.  K.  is  mentioned, 
and  as  LaFollette  was  the  first  to  denounce 
the  Klan,  it  is  possible  that  this  fact  more 
than  the  Bishop's  address  accounted  for 
Cleveland's  going  for^  the  third  party  can- 
didate. 

However,  the  politicians  insist  that  ' '  Bishop 
Schrembs  did  it. ' ' 
Cleveland,  O.  A,  J, 

The    Singing     of    the    "Dies    Irae"    in    the 
Requiem  Mass 

To  the  Editor:— 

In  the  F.  R.  of  Dec.  1st,  1924,  a  choir 
manual   ("Der    praktische    Chorregent    und 


Organist"  published  by  Kosel  and  Pustet)  is 
criticized  by  Mr.  Joseph  Otten  for  omitting 
certain  parts  of  the  "Dies  irae"  and  for  de- 
stroying the  s}^nmet^y  of  the  ' '  Kyrie ' '  by 
having  every  other  verse  recited.  Mr.  Otten 
says  tliat  the  omission  of  those  parts  of  the 
"Dies  Irae"  that  contain  no  intercession  for 
the  dead  is  unlawful.  In  the  next  issue  of  the 
F.  R.  Mr.  Otten  is  blamed  by  "  Sacerdos 
Rusticus"  for  recommending  a  choir  manual 
that  contains  such  liturgical  defects. 

May  I  be  allowed  to  inform  those  interested 
in  these  questions  that  Mr.  Otten  is  mistaken? 
The  "liberties"  which  that  choir  manual 
takes  with  the  Requiem  Mass  may  not  be  to 
the  taste  of  everybody,  but  from  the  liturgi- 
cal point  of  view  they  can  be  tolerated. 

Father  Paul  Krutschek,  in  ' '  Die  Kirchen- 
musik  naeh  deni  Willen  der  Kirche, ' '  cites 
a  decree  of  the  S.  Congregation  of  Rites,  of 
Aug.  12,  1854,  but  says  that  its  extension  was 
rather  doubtful  (this  may  mean  that  it  was 
not  given  for  the  whole  Church)  and  that  it 
is  no  more  contained  in  the  last  editions  of  the 
Decrees.  Then  he  quotes  Decrees  N.  2959,  of 
Sept  11,  1847,  and  N.  3624,  of  Dec.  29,  1884. 
The  former  says  that  "in  a  Requiem  Mass 
everything  must  be  sung  that  has  the  ••har- 
acter  of  an  intercession."  In  Decree  N 
3051,  of  May  9,  1857,  the  S.  Congregation  of 
Rites  declared  that  the  "Dies  irae"  has 
the  character  of  an  intercession. 

Now  it  has  been  pointed  out  that  not  every 
verse  of  the  "Dies  irae"  contains  an  inter- 
cession; several  verses  are  merely  descrip- 
tive. Consequently,  according  to  Decree  N. 
2959  the  latter  verses  may  be  omitted  by  the 
choir.  The  merely  descriptive  verses  of  the 
"Dies  irae"  are  Nn.  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  13,  18. 
Of  course,  the  first  verse  is  never  omitted,  be- 
cause it  is  precisely  the  beginning.  This 
opinion  is  upheld  by  the  official  representa- 
tives of  the  German  Caecilien  Verein;  see, 
e.  g.  such  careful  critics  as  Msgr.  Nekes  and 
James  Quadflieg  in  N.  3478  b  and  N.  3474  of 
the  Vereins-Katalog. 

Father  Krutschek  admits  that  there  are 
good  reasons  for  this  opinion;  nevertheless  he 
does  not  favor  it  and  expresses  the  wish  that 
some  day  the  S.  Congregation  of  Rites  may 
give  a  really  authentic  and  satisfactory  ex- 
planation of  the  matter.  So  he  writes  on  p. 
290  of  his  book.  Now  it  is  rather  strange 
that  on  p.  264  he  quotes  a  reply  of  the  same 
Congregation  to  the  Bishop  of  Basel,  May, 
1891,  to  the  effect  that  the  omission  by  the 
choir  of  some  parts  of  the  "Dies  irae"  can- 
not be  tolerated  in  the  other  sequences. 

Mr.  Otten  thinks  that  the  entire  "Dies 
irae"  can  be  sung  reverently  in  less  than 
four  minutes.  Just  to  verify  this  statement 
I  have  tried  it  out;  I  saug  the  sequence  with 
what  I  would  consider  the  speed  limit  in  a 
Requiem,  and  it  took  more  than  five  minutes. 
I  feel  sure  that  many  choirs  and  organists 
could  not  do  it  reverently  in  that  time.  And 
the  question  of  the  time,  within  which  a  Re- 


56 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


February  1 


(juieni  High  Mass  lias  to  be  finished  has  also 
to  be  considered  in  many  cases. 

Mr.  Otten  calls  the  omission  of  a  few 
verses  of  the  ' '  Dies  irae ' '  a  mutilation  of  a 
great  work  of  art.  That  is  exaggerated.  The 
''Dies  irae"  does  not  suffer  more  harm  from 
the  omission  of  certain  parts  in  certain  cases, 
than  Homer 's  Hiad  or  Virgil 's  Aeneid  suffer 
when  the  whole  text  cannot  be  read,  as  is  the 
case  in  most  colleges. 

As  to  the  destruction  of  the  symmetry  in 
the  Kyrie  of  the  Eequiem  by  reading  every 
other  verse,  I'  do  not  see  why  such  a  fuss 
should  be  made  over  it.  The  recitation  of  a 
part  of  the  text,  except  the  entire  ' '  Credo ' ' 
and  the  beginning  of  any  other  liturgical 
song,  is  not  contrary  to  the  liturgical  regu- 
lations. And  if  any  choir-master,  organist  or 
singer  does  not  like  to  recite  every  other  verse, 
cannot  he  help  himself  by  singing  ' '  Kyrie 
eleison"  the  second  time  as  he  did  the  first 
time?     At  least  in  the  Eequiem  Mass? 

This  explanation  will,  I  hope,  bring  some 
consolation  to  "Sacerdos  Eusticus. "  I  can 
understand  his  feelings  over  so  many  books 
that  are  recommended  as  choir  manuals  and 
are  so  defective.  Quite  often  I  was  offended 
by  the  carelessness,  ignorance  and  non- 
chalance of  the  writers  both  with  regard  to 
the  text  and  to  the  music.  Musical  liber- 
tinism, which  is  now  the  vogue  inside  and 
outside  the  Church,  is  certainly  a  great  ob- 
stacle in  the  way  of  a  good  manual.  On  the 
other  hand  we  must  admit  that  the  task  of 
bringing  out  a  good  manual  is  really  difficult; 
the  excellent  manuals  for  the  German  Catho- 
lics, e.  g.,  have  not  been  brought  up  to  their 
high  standard  in  a  short  time,  and  in  Germany 
the  conditions  were  more  favorable  than  they 
are  here.  Many  things  improve  by  age;  let 
us  hope  that  time  and  age  will  also  improve 
our  choir  manuals. 

Peter  Habets,  O.  M.  I. 
Windthorst,   Sask. 

[Mr.  Otten 's  comment  on  this  letter: — 
Father  Habets  quotes  Krutscheek  and  the 
Caeeilienvereinskatalog.  I  am  familiar  with 
those  works.  But  it  may  serve  a  good  pur- 
pose to  repeat  what  two  more  recent  author- 
ities have  to  say  on  the  lawfulness  of  omit- 
ting certain  verses  of  the  sequence  Dies  irae 
in  the  Eequiem  mass.  Father  Dominicua 
Johner,  0.  S.  B.,  in  his  "New  School  of  Gre- 
gorian Chant, ' '  English  edition  (Pustet, 
1914),  on  page  145,  says:  "The  whole  of 
each  sequence  must  be  sung,  or  at  least  re- 
cited. As  regards  the  Dies  irae,  the  Bishop 
of  St.  Brieux,  in  reply  to  his  request  for  a 
dispensation  from;  singing  it,  was  informed 
by  the  S.  Congregation  of  Eites,  on  August 
12,  1854,  that  the  singers  might  omit  some 
strophes.  But  this  decision  is  not  included 
in  the  new  edition  of  the  Decreta  Authentica 
S.  C.  E.,  (Eome,  Printing  Office  of  the  Pro- 
paganda, 1898-1900)."  Elsewhere,  on  the 
same   page.   Father   Johner   remarks   that   in 


the  Bcuron  Abbey  Church  the  complete  se- 
quence Dies  irae  is  sung  in  5  minutes  and  33 
seconds.  Their  choir  usually  consists  of  60 
mdnks,  necessitating  a  slower  tempo.  Rev. 
Dr.  Otto  Drinkweldder,  S.  J.,  in  his  "Gesetz 
und  Praxisi'  in  der  Kirehenmusik "  (Pustet, 
1914),  after  quoting  and  comparing  a  num- 
ber of  decrees  (too  long  to  be  reproduced 
here),  concludes  (page  138):  "The  general 
decision,  that  the  complete  text  of  the  se- 
quences has  to  be  either  sung  or  recited,  is 
to  be  extended  to  the  Dies  irae  also,  and  no 
verses  containing  a  petition  may  be  omit- 
ted. The  sense  of  the  decision  is,  that  the 
Dies  irae  as  a  whole  is  to  be  conceived  as  a 
petition  and  therefore  to  be  sung.  Eecitation 
in  the  sense  of  the  Decree  is  in  any  event 
excluded  in  the  case  of  the  Dies  irae,  whether 
the  verses  contain  a  petition  or  not,  because 
in  the  Eequiem  mass  no  organ  is  supposed  to 
be  used. "  As  to  alternately  singing  and  re- 
citing the  Kyrie  eleison,  it  is  hard  to  under- 
stand how  anyone  should  be  willing  to  hobble 
up  and  down  from  speech  to  melody  and  back 
again  in  order  to  save  himself  a  little  effort. 
It  should  not  be  unreasonable  to  suppose  that 
those  in  charge  of  music  at  funerals  and 
masses  for  the  dead  would  value  and  appre- 
ciate the  privilege  of  generously  co-operating 
with  the  celebrant  in  the  use  of  all  the  means 
which  the  Church  proposes  to  us  in  order  to 
accomjilish  her  beneficent  ends  in  favor  of 
the  holy  souls.  But,  alas  for  the  "systeme  du 
moins  possible"  (which  might  be  translated, 
"doing  as  little  as  possible  reduced  to  a  sys- 
tem"), of  which  Bishop  Isoard  speaks!  It  is 
from  that  system  that  church  music  suffers 
almost  as  much  as  from  bad  taste. — Joseph 
Otten.] 

Excerpts    from    Letters 

It  may  interest  you  to  know  that  the 
Chorus  Monachorum  of  the  American  Cas- 
sinese  Congregation  of  the  Order  of  St.  Bene- 
dict has  been  blessed  with  a  fine  increase. 
The,  1925  Ordo  registers  1078  members,  as 
against  976  in  1924,  an  increase  of  102.  The 
largest  increase  is  shown  in  the  priests'  col- 
umn. There  are  661  saeerdoteg,  as  against 
609  in  1924,  an  inereae  of  52. —  (Eev.)  Jerome, 
0.  S.  B.,  St.  Leo,  Fla. 

There  are  many  reasons  why  your  subscrib- 
ers will  not  only  gladly  pay  the  increased  sub- 
scription price,  but  on  account  of  the  in- 
crease appreciate  the  F.  E.  all  the  more. 
It  is  refreshing  to  have  a  bishop  refer  to 
this  journal  as  "the  Episcopal  Mentor,"  in 
which  may  be  ' '  discussed  matters  which  the 
official  and  other  organs  may  not  touch" 
(Dec.  15,  '24,  p.  486)  and  to  hear  a  Et.  Eev. 
Vicar-General  say  (ibid.,  p.  487)  that  he 
would  "be  very  lonesome  without  the  F.  E. " 
and  "miss  many  good  thoughts  that  are  not 
to  be  found  elsewhere. ' '  To  many  of  us 
simple  pastors  the  F.  E.  is  indispensable  as 
the    best    interpreter    of    the    new    Code    of 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


57 


Canon  Law,  especially  when  urgent  cases  call 
for  a  speedy  solution,  which  is  hardly  ever  to 
be  expected  through  official  channels. — -(Bev.) 
A.  Verhoeven,  Mermenton,  La. 

The  F.  E.  often  interprets  in  very  fe^v 
words,  but  in  plain,  understandable  language, 
the  fundamental  principles  of  Canon  Law.  In 
this  it  reminds  me  of  another  common-sense 
intei-preter  of  the  Canon  Law,  Msgr.  F.  C. 
Kelley,  now  Bishop  of  Oklahoma,  who,  in  the 
Nov.  1916  issue  of  the  Ecclesiastical  Revieio 
wrote:  "I  have  known  of  more  than  one 
forty-horsepower  priest  in  a  five-horsepower 
parish,  merely  because  it  did  not  seem  con- 
venient to  put  him  where  he  could  do  bigger 
and  greater  work.  I  have  known  priests  to 
eat  their  hearts  out  because  they  felt  they 
were  wasting  their  time  at  something  they 
could  do  only  indifferently  well. ' '  A  mighty 
sound  interpretation  of  that  part  of  the  Code 
which   deals   with   appointments! — A    Pastor. 

It  is  with  pleasure  that  I  enclose  my  check 
for  renewal  at  the  increased  price.  Every- 
body seems  to  be  handing  you  bouquets  just 
now ;  so  here 's  why  I  appreciate  the  F.  R. : 
(1)  The  F.  R.  and  I  by  no  means  always 
agree;  (2)  Whereas  it  invariably  sets  me  a 
thinking,  I  refuse  to  let  it  do  my  thinking; 
(3)  Like  every  good  dish  it  Avould  lose  its 
flavor  if  served  too  often.  I  came  to  this 
conclusion  twenty-eight  years  ago  and  can  see 
no  reason  for  a  change  of  opinion. —  (Eev.) 
F.  X.  Relcer,  Valley  Parle,  Mo. 

Please  accept  the  enclosed  check  of  $10 
in  payment  of  my  subscription  to  the  F.  R. 
for  the  next  three  years.  I  am  confident 
none  of  your  subscribers  will  object  to  the 
increased  price  of  your  valiant  publication. 
It  is  worth  every  cent  it  costs. — Charles 
Kors,  President  of  the  Catholic  Central  Verein 
of  America,  Butler,  N.  J. 

I  gladly  pay  the  fifty  cents  more  for  the 
F.  R.,  for  your  magazine  has  been  a  friend  to 
me  for  over  fifteen  years,  and  I  should  miss  it 
greatly  if  it  ceased  to  be  published. —  (Eev.) 
Joseph  Steinhauser,  Eau  Galle,  Wis. 

I  like  the  F.  R.  because  it  is  the  only  paper 
in  which  I  can  find  inside  information  regard- 
ing the  Knights  of  Columbus,  of  which  order 
I  am  a  member.  In  my  opinion  the  K.  of  C. 
have  no  truer  friend  than  Arthur  Preuss.— 
N.  G.  S.,  New  Yorlc. 

Your  paper  is  priceless:  almost  a  lone  cham- 
pion for  the  cause  of  common  sense  as  ap- 
plied to  the  vital  questions  of  the  day. — 
(Bev.)  Virgil  Genevrier,  Globe,  Ariz. 

Your  magazine  is  very  good,  and  the  time 
one  spends  in  reading  and  digesting  its  con- 
tents is  well  spent.— (i?ev.)  Henrrj  Gerwert, 
Miller  City,  0. 

No  "brick  bats"  from  this  quarter!  I 
gladly  pay  the  additional  fifty  cents  asked 
for  subscription  and  wish  the  F.  R.  every  suc- 
cess.— (Bev.)  M.  Schmitg,  Netv  Point,  'b.  B. 
S,  Ind. 


T  always  read  the  F.  R.  with  the  greatest 
interest.  May  you  never  lose  courage!  You 
are  fighting  proelia  Domini.  I  hope  you  may 
be  spared  for  many  years  and  am  sure  that 
many  prayers  are  constantly  being  said  for 
you. —  {Bev.)  Win.  Berg,  Schcrerville,  Ind-. 

1  am  certainly  willing  to  do  my  share  to 
keep  the  F.  R.  alive.  It  would  be  a  great 
calamity  if  it  were  left  to  perish.  Vivat, 
floreat,  crescat I — (Bev.)  N.  Espen.  Xavarre, 
0. 

I  pray  you  may  long  be  spared  to  carry  on 
your  splendid  work.  We  could  ill  afford  to 
lose  the  inspiration  of  your  excellent  maga- 
zine were  it  even,  twice  the  price. —  (Bev.) 
Brother  Edward  S.  Daly  (of  the  Christian 
Brothers  of  Ireland).  All  Ballows  Institute, 
Mount  Morris  Pari-  North,  New  Yorlc  City. 
Apropos  of  Father  Florian  J.  Haas's  inter- 
esting article  in  the  F.  R.,  Xo.  2,  p.  27,  on 
"Building  a  Colored  Priesthood,"  permit  me 
to  say  that  the  F.  R.  deserves  great  credit  for 
making  St.  Augustine 's  Seminary  for  the 
training  of  colored  priests  at  Bay  St.  Louis, 
Miss.,  more  widely  knoAvn.  The  Society  of 
the  Divine  Word  deserves  the  sympathy  and 
support  of  every  Catholic  in  this  truly  Apos- 
tolic undertaking.  In  regard  to  Fr.  Haas's 
remark  that  "some  [colored  students]  must 
wrangle  with  Greek, ' '  allow  me  to  observe 
that  most  white  students,  too,  find  it  difficult 
to  learn  that  classic  language.  How  much 
Greek  does  the  average  priest  know?  Will  not 
these  Negroes,  when  ordained  to  the  priest- 
hood, win  more  souls  by  their  oratorical  gifts 
and  dramatic  power,  which  Fr.  Haas  stresses, 
than  they  could  by  being  proficient  in  Greek? 
—  (Bev.)  Baymond  Vernimont,  Denton,  Tex. 
Dr.  Frederick  Lynch 's  proposal  for  peace 
between  Protestants  and  Catholics,  commented 
upon  in  No.  1  of  the  F.  R.,  should,  in  my 
opinion,  be  taken  up  and  discussed  by  the  en- 
tire Catholic  press.  May  1925 — the  Holy 
Year^ — bring  us  all  closer  together  and  free 
us  from  ill  will,  hatred,  suspicions,  distrust, 
and  misunderstandings,  in  the  religious,  po- 
litical, social,  and  international  life! — (liev.) 
Baymond  Vernimont,  Denton,  T^x. 

1  cordially  approve  of  the  sentiments  ex- 
pressed in  the  article  ' '  Criticism  ' '  in  No.  1 
of  the  F.  R.  There  is  undoubtedly  too  much 
adulation  among  us,  which  prevents  us  from 
seeing  our  sins  and  shortcomings.  Real,  manly 
men  court  fair  criticism  and  approve  of  Mr. 
Hughesdon  's  suggestion  that  we  apply  ' '  the 
dry  light  of  candid  and  unbiased  criticism" 
in  Church  and  State.  Christ  criticized  His 
people  for  their  many  human  laws  which  thej' 
enacted.  Would  He  approve  of  all  the  laws 
that  are  enacted  to-day,  I  wonder?  Some 
priests  complain  that  the  new  Code  gives  thorn 
insufficient  protection  against  abuse  of  au- 
thority. Others  say  that  pastors  are  almost 
omnipotent,  while  their  assistants  have  noth- 
ing to  say.  All  this  causes,  dissatisfaction  and 
at  times  disloyalty  to  God's  Church.  Could 
not  these  misunderstandings  be   frankly   ven- 


58 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


February  1 


tilated  either  in  the  F.  R.  or  in  some  strictly 
ecclesiastical  journal? — (Sev.)  Baymoiul 
Ternimonf.  T>(  nton,  Tex. 


BOOK  REVIEWS 


The   Question  of  Vocation 

"Boyhood's  Highest  Ideal,"  by  the  Rev. 
Winfrid  Herbst,  S.  D.  S.  (St.  Nazianz,  Wis.: 
Society  of  the  Divine  Saviour),  is  an  87 
page  pamphlet  written  by  the  author  in  grati- 
tude for  the  gift  of  the  priestly  vocation  and 
intended  for  other  boys  who  may  stand  "at 
the  parting  of  the  ways, ' '  as  he  did,  evident- 
ly not  many  years  ago.  While  the  brochure 
contains  nothing  new,  it  may  be  recommended 
to  those  for  whom  it  is  written,  though  it 
seems  to  us  that  one  who  writes  on  the  sub- 
lime dignity  of  the  priesthood  for  possible  as- 
pirants, owes  it  to  them  to  say  something 
also  about  the  sacrifices  they  may  and  most 
probably  will  be  called  upon  to  make  after 
ordination.  The  pastor,  for  instance,  is  in 
conscience  bound  to  serve  his  people  at  the 
risk  of  many  inconveniences,  and  often  of 
life  itself,  and  every  priest  has  to  surrender 
his  will  to  the  good  or  ill  pleasure  of  another. 
Authority  and  obedience  are  essential  for 
the  establishment  and  maintenance  of  the 
social  and  moral  order,  but  a  young  aspirant 
to  the  priesthood  or  to  the  religious  state  has 
the  right  to  be  informed  of  the  heavy  sacri- 
fices which  obedience  involves  when  ecclesias- 
tical authority  is  abused,  as  is  but  too  often 
the  case.  This  fact  has  led  some  of  the  best 
priests  of  our  acquaintance  to  say  that  they 
would  deem  it  sinful  to  bring  undue  pressure 
to  bear  on  a  boy  in  order  to  induce  him  to 
enter   the   seminary. 

We  also  feel  like  taking  exception  to  a 
jDassage  on  page  35  of  Fr.  Herbst 's  book- 
let. There  Jesus  is  made  to  say  to  boys: 
"Love  to  be  poor  and  humble;  be  pure  and 
chaste;  be  obedient  and  submissive.  But  how 
can  you  do  this  out  in  the  big,  distracting, 
sinful  world?"  This  would  seem  to  imply, 
or  at  least  is  apt  to  create  the  impression, 
that  it  is  impossible  to  practice  virtue  "out 
in  the  big,  distracting,  sinful  world. ' ' 

One  of  the  reasons  given  by  the  author 
(p.  39)  why  boys  should  become  priests  is 
drawn  from  our  Lord 's  famous  saying, 
"What  doth  it  profit  a  man,"  etc.  This  quo- 
tation is  followed  by  the  question:  "Do  you 
want  to  be  saved?" — which  implies  that  the 
priesthood  is  essential  as  a  means  of  salva- 
tion. Another  reason  given  by  the  author  is 
the  love  of  Jesus,  conditioned  by  the  selec- 
tion of  the  sacerdotal  state.  But  there  are 
many  people  out  in  the  world  who,  to  judge 
from  their  conduct  and  mode  of  living,  love 
Jesus  as  ardently  as  any  priest. 

The  truth  is  that  God  gives  the  vocation. 
Man  can  only  strive  to  know  and  develop  it. 
WJien  the  divine  call  to  a  higher  state  of  life 


WM.  KLOER 


Church   Decorator 


Painting  and  Gilding 
of  Statues  and  Altars 
Sceneries     for     Stages 

1715  Longfellow  Blvd.  St.  Louis,  Mo. 


ErKerls 


Styles  in  Spectacles 

Rimless,  gold,  shelltex  and  tor- 
toise shell  complete  with  lenses 
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— 


SOS        Two       511     N. 
OLIVE   ^*°^^  GRAND 


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Clerical  Tailor 

J.  SELLMANN 

Cassocks  and  Clerical  Suits 

made  to  measure 

Moderate  Prices 

Cleaning  and  Pressing 

Bell  Grand  7832 

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ST.   LOUIS,   MO. 


THE  DOMINICAN  SISTERS  OF  THE 

EUCHARISTIC  HEART 

Are  in  Need  of  Vocations 

Applications  may  be  addressed  to 

MOTHER  SUPERIOR 

726  Fifth  Ave.,  N.     Great  Falls,  Mont. 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


59 


HENRY  P.  HESS 

ARCHITECT 
S.  W.  Cor.  Taylor  &  Page  Ave. 

Office   Tel.    Del.    5648 
Residence   Forest   7040 


Chalices  and  Ciboriums  Regilded 
Gold  and  Silver 

We  have  Episcopal  permission 
for  Gold  Plating  and  Repairing 
of  Consecrated  Sacred  Vessels. 

Candlesticks,    Censers,    etc. 
Eevarnished 


Mueller  Plating  Co. 

922  Pine  St.,  Second  Floor, 
ST.  LOUIS.  MO. 


Established   in   1855 


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Inc. 

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Makers    of    Highest    Grades    of 

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ST.    LOUIS,    MO. 


comes,  he  should  heed  it,  and  if  he  follows 
that  call,  God  will  support  him  in  good  and 
evil  days.  If  he  has  no  vocation,  it  wiU  be 
better  for  the  boy  and  for  the  priesthood  if 
he  works  out  his  salvation  as  a  good  practi- 
cal Catholic  layman,  of  which  class  there  is 
a  deplorable  deficiencv  in  the  world  to-day. 

(Rev.^   A.  Bomholt 


Designs   submitted 


Catalogues 


Literary  Briefs 

— "Our  Father  in  Word  and  Picture"  is 
something  new  in  the  line  of  illustrated  devo- 
tional works.  The  pictures  are  in  colors  and 
the  explanations  are  in  a  style  that  appeals 
to  both  old  and  young.  Appropriate  psalms 
are  inserted  here  and  there  to  illustrate  the 
petitions  of  the  Pater  Noster.  The  booklet 
makes  an  attractive  gift.  (Chicago:  Matre  & 
Co.) 

—"Catholic  Liturgy:  Its  Fundamental 
Principles, ' '  by  the  Rev.  Gaspar  Lef  ebvre,  O. 
S.  B.  (Benziger  Bros.),  is  a  fine  and  thorough 
book,  well  adapted  to  introduce  beginners  by 
well  grouped,  clearly-developed  chapters  into 
the  fascinating  field  of  the  sacred  liturgy.  We 
would  especially  praise  the  easy  and  clear 
grouping  of  the  whole  subject  and  the  rich 
and  pointed  proofs  adduced  from  Holy  Writ, 
Tradition,  the  New  Canon  Law,  the  Roman 
Ritual  and  Pontifical,  and  a  host  of  modern 
(French  or  Belgian)  authors  who  have  intel- 
ligently and  lovingly  written  about  the  liturgy. 
The  price  ($2.25  net)  seems  too  high,  why  can- 
not such  books  be  sold  at  a  moderate  price? 
—J.  B.  K. 

— It  has  become  quite  the  fashion  to  pub- 
lish "Notes  on  Retreats,"  "Spiritual  Max- 
ims" from  certain  ascetic  writers,  and 
"Thoughts  and  Counsels"  from  the  larger' 
works  of  the  master  of  the  spiritual  life  in  a 
way  to  make  them  suitable  for  reading  during 
the  various  parts  of  the  year.  Perhaps  in  our 
hurried  age,  when  the  solid  tomes  of  the  great 
masters  of  asceticism  are  apt  to  be  forgotten, 
this  manner  of  offering  morsels  from  our  rich 
ascetic  literature  is  practical  and  not  without 
benefit  to  souls.  At  any  rate,  we  think  that 
"Delight  iri  the  Lord:  Notes  of  Spiritual 
Direction  and  Exhortations  of  the  Rev.  Daniel 
Considine,  S.  J.,"  will  prove  helpful  for  ad- 
vance and  encouragement  in  the  spiritual  life. 
These  notes  have  been  printed  so  that  other 
souls  might  find  something  "of  that  loving 
trust  in  God  and  joy  in  his  service  which  was 
the  aim  of  all  Father  Considine 's  direction." 
(Benziger  Bros.) 

— From  the  standpomt  of  attendance  and 
enthusiasm  the  meeting  of  the  Catholic  Edu- 
cational Association  at  Milwaukee  in  June, 
1924,  did  not  measure  up  to  the  standard  of 
former  years.  But  in  the  importance  of  the 
papers  read  and  discussed  it  equalled  any  of 
the  most  successful  previous  meetings.  As 
we  said  in  our  review  of  the  Report  for  1923, 
the  subjects  for  discussion  during  late  years 


60 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


February  1 


have  been  very  practical,  and  bear  on  the  new 
problems  and  methods  now  being  so  widely 
debated  in  the  field  of  education.  This  was 
evident  from  the  first  paper  read  at  the  Gen- 
eral Meeting — "Rebuilding  the  Educational 
Ladder, ' '  by  the  Rev.  Wm.  Cunningham,  C. 
S.  C,  as  well  as  from  that  of  Rev.  Barry 
O 'Toole,  on  "Evolution  from  the  Standpoint 
of  Catholic  Education."  In  the  Department 
of  Colleges  and  Secondary  Schools  timely 
topics  were  treated  by  the  Rev.  Ignatius  A. 
Wagner,  who  discussed  ' '  The  Junior  College, ' ' 
and  the  Rev.  Albert  Muntsch,  S.  J.,  who  spoke 
on  ' '  Social  Studies  as  a  Preparation  for 
Leadership. ' '  In  the  Parish  School  Depart- 
ment papers  were  presented  on  recent  develop- 
ments in  the  educational  field.  Brother 
Anselm,  C.  F.  X.,  read  one  on  "The  Necessity 
and  Scope  of  Health  Education  in  the 
Schools,"  and  Father  Hugh  Lamb,  D.  D.,  be- 
gan his  paper  on  ' '  Visual  Instruction  Es- 
pecially in  Religion"  by  saying  that  "visual 
instruction  is  a  prominent  topic  of  discussion 
and  debate  in  the  educational  conventions 
and  publications  of  the  present  day.  The  Na- 
tional Educational  Association  in  1920  at  its 
Cleveland  meeting,  established  a  separate  de- 
partment for  the  subject:  and  there  are  four 
societies  and  as  many  magazines  devoted  ex- 
clusively to  this  special  field."  Though  at 
tendance  and  interest  in  the  annual  meetings 
of  the  Catholic  Educational  Association  fluc- 
tuate from  year  to  year,  the  coming  together 
of  so  many  teachers  and  friends  of  our  Catho- 
lic schools  certainly  helps  to  promote  one 
of  the  objects  of  the  Association,  which  is: 
"To  advance  the  general  interests  of  Catho- 
lic education,  to  encourage  the  spirit  of  co- 
operation and  mutual  helpfulness  among 
Catholic  educators,  to  promote  by  study,  con- 
ference and  discussion  the  thoroughness  of 
Catholic  educational  work  in  the  United 
States."  (Report  of  the  Proceedings  and 
Addresses  of  the  TAventy-First  Annual  Meet- 
ing, Milwaukee,  Wise,  June  23,  24,  25,  26, 
1924.  Office  of  the  Secretary  General,  1651 
East  Main  Str.,  Columbus,  Ohio.) 

The  Caeoilia.  founded  l\v  the  lat- 
Chevalier  John  Singenberger,  in  1874,  and 
now  edited  by  his  worthy  and  accomplislied 
son,  Prof.  Otto  A.  Singenberger,  comes  to  us 
in  a  handsome  new  dress  and  in  many  otlier 
ways  rejuvenated,  with  the  broadened  scope 
of  "a  monthly  magazine  devoted  to  Catholic 
Church  and  School  Music."  No.  1  of  the 
new  series,  dated  January,  1925,  contains 
papers  on  "The  First  Beat  of  the  Measure 
and  its  Accent"  by  Father  L.  Bonvin,  S.  J.; 
"The  Sacred  Melodies  of  Holy  Mother 
Church"  by  the  Benedictine  Fathers  of  Con- 
ception Abbey;  "The  Choir  and  Choir 
Music"  by  a  choirmaster;  the  first  of  a 
series  of  catechetical  lessons  in  Gregorian 
Chant  by  the  Rev.  Gregory  Huegle,  O.  S.  B. ; 
the  initial  installment  of  a  paper  on  "The 
Organ"    by   Phil.    Wirsching;    an    article    on 


SECOND  HAND  BOOKS  FOR  SALE 

(Terms:    Cash    with    Order;    Postage   Pre- 
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Joyce,    P.    W.     An    Illustrated    History    of 

Ireland.     New  ed.  Dublin,  1921.     $2. 
Clayton,  Joseph.     Economics  for  Christians 

and  Other  Papers.     Oxford,  1923.     85  cts. 
O'Mallev,  Austin.     The  Cure  of  Alcoholism. 

St.  Louis,   1913.     $1. 
The    Roman    Martyrology.      Tr.    from    the 

Latin.      Revised    ed.      Baltimore,     1916. 

$1.50. 

Vallgornera,  P.  Thomas  a,  0.  P.  Mystica 
Theologia  Divi  Thomae.  Ed.  4ta.  2  vols. 
Turin,  1924.     $2,  unbound. 

Geyser,  Jos.  Einige  Hauptprobleme  der 
Metaphysik.  Mit  besonderer  Bezugnahme 
auf    die   Kritik   Kants.      Freiburg   i.   B., 

1923.  $1. 

Hobson,  J.  A.  The  Evolution  of  Modern 
Capitalism.  New  revised  edition.  Lon- 
don,   1908.      $1. 

Staudenmaier,  L.  Die  Magie  als  experimen- 
telle  Naturwissenschaft.     2nd  ed.  Leipzio- 

1922.  $2.50. 

Marchand,  Dr.  A.  (tr.  by  Dom  F.  Izard,  0. 
S.    B.)    The   Facts   of   Lourdos.     London 

1924.  $1.50. 

.Vugustine,   St.   De   Quantitate   Animae.   Ed. 

by  F.  E.  Tourscher,  O.  S.  A.  Phila.    1924. 

50  cts. 
Sisters  of  Notre  Dame.     Communion  Devo- 
tions for  Religious.     With  Preface  by  F. 

P.  Le  Buffe,  S.  J.  N.  Y.,  1924.     $2.  * 
Dreves,   F.   M.      Our  Pilgrimage   in   France 

(Lisieux,  Lourdes,  and  Paray-le-Monial). 

London,  1924.     $1.10. 
Stebbing,    Geo.,    C.    SS.    R.      The    Redemp- 

torists.     London,  1924.     $2. 
Maver,     H.     Katechetik.       Freiburg    i.     B., 

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■Stanley,  Hy.  M.    My  Travels  and  Adventures 

in  America  and  x\sia.     2  vols.  N.  Y.,  1905. 

$2.50. 
Alphonsus,  St.   Theologia  Moralis.     Ed.  M. 

Haringer,   C.   SS.   R.,  2a.  Eatisbon,  1879. 

S  vols.     $6.30. 
Watts,  N.     Love  Songs  of  Sion.     A  Selec- 
tion of  Devotional  Verse  from  Old  English 

Sources.     London,  1924.     $1. 
Specking,  Inez.     The  Awakening  of  Edith, 

A  Boarding   School   Story.     N.  Y.,   1924. 

$1. 
Al.      de      Immac.  .   Conceptione.      Des     HI. 

Johannes  vom  Kreuz  Dunkle  Nacht,  nacli 

den    neusten    krit.      Ausgaben    iibersetzt. 

Munich,  1924.  $1. 
Eost,    Dr.     Hana.      Die    Kulturkraft     des 

Katholizismus.     3rd  edition.     Paderborn, 

1923.  $1.50, 

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1925 


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61 


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it and  obtain  every  encouragement. ' '  In  this 
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for  1925,  which  has  just  reached  us.  The 
readers  of  the  excellent  publications  of  this 
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were  admitted  to  its  ' '  family  of  authors, ' ' 
some  of  whom  are  among  the  most  distinguish- 
ed Catholic  scholars  of  the  world.  For  this 
booklet  contains  numerous  portraits  of  au- 
thors of  the  German  House  of  Herder — lay 
and  clerical,  men  and  women.  Most  readers 
of  the  Herder  books  will  be  glad  to  see  how 
some  of  the  famous  writers  ' '  look. ' '  There 
are  also  given'  twelve  excerpts  from  receut 
Herder  publications,  which  supply  a  better 
idea  of  the  drift  of  these  books  than  a  long 
review.  There  is  added  a  select  list  of  the 
firm 's  standard  publications  in  the  field  of  art, 
science,    literature,    travel,    etc. 

— We  have  received  the  first  number  of  The 
American  Girl,  a  magazine  for  girls  and 
women,  edited  and  published  by  Rev.  John 
B.  Henken,  of  Albers,  111.  It  contains  a  va- 
riety of  reading  matter,  well  selected  for  the 
purpose.  However,  we  must  await  further 
issues  before  stating  definitely  that  the  A.  G. 
fills  a  real  need  in  the  multiplicity  of  maga- 
zines that  now  appeal  to  young  folks. 


62 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


February  1 


Do  You  Contemplate 

a  New  Church  or  School? 

Our  Architectural  Department  is  especially  qualified  to  serve  you.  Mr.  Louis 
Preuss  is  in  charge  of  this  department.  He  is  of  mature  years.  His  knowledge  of 
architecture  rests  not  alone  on  his  practical  training  and  European  studies,  but 
also  on  many  years  of  experience  in  prominent  architectural  offices  and  in  the 
practice  of  architecture  under  his  own  name.  His  early  training,  the  knowledge 
gained  in  his  studies  abroad,  and  his  wide  experience  unquestionably  place  Mr. 
Preuss  in  the  foremost  rank  of  American  architectural  designers,  especially  for 
religious   art. 

Widmer  Engineers  render  such  cooperation  as  is  necessary  to  the  Architectural 
Department,  and  Widmer  field  forces  are  at  your  disposal  if  you  desire  them.  Thus, 
one  master  organization  may  handle  your  entire  project. 

Our  method  of  operating  not  only  tends  towards  efficiency  through  quick 
completion  of  your  building,  but  also  eliminates  pyramiding  of  architects',  engi- 
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sponsibility. It  effects  substantial  savings.  The  cost  of  your  building  can  be  guaran- 
teed before  you  start. 

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WIDMER  ENGINEERING  CO. 

Architects  —  Engineers 
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— It  is  very  obvious  that  the  editors  of  the 
Stimmrn  der  Zeit  are  trying  to  make  their 
magazine  ever  more  timely  and  a  more  faith- 
ful mirror  of  the  best  Catholic  thought  of  to- 
day. It  fully  deserves  its  name  ' '  Voices  of 
the  Time. ' '  India  is  presenting,  numerous 
problems  to  students  of  contemporary  his- 
loiy,  and  those  interested  will  find  in  the 
Nov.,  1924,  number  a,  rewarding  article  on 
"The  Science  of  Religion  or  Legendary  Ac- 
counts? A  Further  Word  about  Sadhu  Sundar 
Singh,"  by  Fr.  H.  Sierp.  He  says:  "We 
are  firmly  convinced  that  we  are  to  have  an- 
other Duma  Vaughan  case,  and  the  hero  of 
this  second  affair  is — Sadhu  Sundar  Singh." 
Father  Sierp  evidently  knows  whereof  he 
writes,  and  many  will  read  his  conclusions 
with  interest.  In  quoting  from  the  Stimmen 
it  is  always  difficult  to  make  a  choice,  which 
has  been  taken  the  above  excerpt — November, 
1924.  Suffice  it  th^n  to  recommend  once 
more  this  justly  famous  mouthpiece  of  Catho- 
lic principles  in  the  whole  domain  of  con- 
temporary thought,  and  express  the  wish  that 
we  too  may  have  some  day  our  own  up-to- 
date  and  equally  authoritative  "Voices  of 
the  Time."   (B.  Herder  Book  Co.) 

— A  book  that  will  be  welcomed  by  many 

teaching  sisterhoods  and  will  provide  excel- 
lent, useful,  and  instructive  "table  reading" 
is  ' '  The  Catholic  Teacher 's  Companion — A 
Book  of  Self -Help  and  Guidance ' '  by  the  Rev. 


Felix  M.  Kirsch,  O.  M  Cap.  (Benziger 
Brothers).  It  has  a  preface  by  His  Eminence 
Cardinal  Dougherty,  and  an  Introduction  by 
the  Rev.  George  Johnson.  We  have  many 
books  for  the  "Christian  teacher,"  but  none 
so  complete  as  this  well-printed  and  handy 
manual  by  a  thoi-oughlv  qualified  pedagogue. 
—A.  M. 

■ — Messrs.  Blaekie,  who  issued  Mr.  Richard  J. 
Cunliffe's  "New  Shakespearean  Dictionary," 
announce  ' '  A  Lexicon  of  the  Homeric  Dia- 
lect" by  the  same  author.  The  work  is  the 
first  English  attempt  of  the  kind,  all  the 
Homeric  lexicons  hitherto  used  in  England  and 
English-speaking  America  having  been  of 
foreign — chiefly  German — origin.  The  pros- 
pective volume  is  not  based  on  any  of  these, 
but  the  result  of  an  independent  survey  of 
the  language  of  the  two  great  Homeric  epics. 
It  has  also  been  brought  abreast  of  the  results 
of  the  most  recent  researches,  including  the 
discoveries  made  in  Crete  from  1900  on- 
wards by  Sir  Arthur  Evans  and  his  followers. 

— Fr.  Sebastian  Uccelli  's  ' '  Enchiridion 
Sacerdotale  ad  Eucharisticam  Adorationem 
atque  Praedicationean  Faciendam"  is  intend- 
ed for  priests  and  made  up  almost  entirely  of 
passages  from  Sacred  Scripture.  It  will  not 
only  be  useful  for  private  devotion,  but  will 
also  suggest  thoughts  for  sermons  on  the  Bl. 
Sacrament.   (Turin:   Marietti.) 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


63 


New  Books  Received 


Herder  Almanack.  96  pp.  12ino.  Illustrat- 
ed. Freiburg  i.  B.,  Herder  &  Co. 

Eucharistia.  Von  ihrem  Wesen  und  ihrem 
Kult.  Von  Joseph  Kramp  S.  J.  ix  &  135 
pp.  16mo.  B.  Herder  Book  Co.     75  cts. 

The  Catholic  University  of  PeTcing.  A  Mis- 
sionary Foundation  of  the  American  Bene- 
dictines. 24  pp.  16mo.  Beatty,  Pa.:  The 
Archabbey   Press.    (Wrapper). 

Ze^fer  und  Sclilnssel  in  der  Sand  dcs 
Priesters.  Von  Franz  Xaver  Esser  S.  J. 
vii  &122  pp.  16mo.  B.  Herder  Book  Co. 
75  cts. 

Katholischer  Central-Vercin  von  AmeriJca. 
("National  Fedpration  of  German  American 
Catholics).  Offizieller  Bericht  iiber  die 
68  Genpralversammlung,  abeehalteu  in 
Allentown,  Pa.,  am  24.,  26.  und  27.  Aug. 
1924,  122  pp.  8vo.  St.  Paul,  Minn.; 
Wanderer  Printing  Co.     (Wrapper). 

Ecrleftinsticnl  Avvointment  and  Memnrondvm 
Bnnlc,  1925.  Copvrijrhted  and  published  bv 
John  W.  Winterich,  Cleveland,  O.     85  cts. 

Yoiir  Son's  Education.  By  Frank  H. 
Spearman.  24  pp.  3^,4x6  in.'  Notre  Dame, 
Ind.:  The  Ave  Maria  Press.  10  cts 
(Pamphlet). 

Sjnrifism:  Flirts  and-  Frauds.  Bv  Simon 
Aug-ustine  Blackmore,  S.  J.  With  an  In- 
troduction by  the  Rt.  Rev.  Joseph 
S-^hrembs.  D.  D.,  Bishop  of  Cleveland,  0. 
5^5  nv.  8vo.  Benziger  Bros.  $2.90  net. 

The  Philnsnvhy  of  St.  Thomas  Aauinas.  \u- 
thoriz"d  Translation  from  the  Third  Revis- 
ed Edition  of  "Le  Thomisme,"  by  Etienne 
Gilson.   Tr.   by  Edw.   Bulloujrh ;    ed.   by  G. 

A.  Elrin?ton.   O.   P.   xv   &   287   pp.   12mo. 

B.  Harder  Book  Co.     $2.25  net. 

Our  Pastors  in  Calvary.  Biographical 
Sketches  of  Parish  Priests  of  St.  Louis 
fburied  in  Calvarv  Cemeteryl  1854-1924. 
Bv  Constance  Smith,  ix  &  174  po.  12mo. 
Illustrated.  St.  Louis:  Blackwell  Wielandy 
Book  &  Stationery  Co.    $3. 

Ad  M^iorem  Dei  Gloriam.  Commemorating- 
the  Goldpn  Jubilee  of  the  Jesuit  Fathers  of 
SR.  Peter  and  Paul's  Parish,  Mankato, 
Minn.  1874-1924.  76  pp.  laree  8vo.  Illus- 
trated.  Mankato.    Minn.:    The   Free   Press. 

C7/Wo/  nnd  fh^  Critics.  A  defense  of  the 
Divinitv  of  Jesus  aaainst  the  Attai'ks  of 
Modern  Sceptical  Criticism.  By  Hilarin 
Felder,  O.  M.  Cap.  Translated '  from  the 
Oris-inal  German  by  John  L.  Stoddard.  Vol. 
II,  vi  &  457  pp.  8vo.  Benzieer  Bros.  $5  net. 

Scholasticism  and  Modern  Thought.  An  Ad- 
dress Delivered  at  the  21st  Annual  Meeting 
of  the  Catholic  Educational  Association  by 
th<^  Rev.  Berard  Vogt,  O.  F.  M.,  Ph.  D.,  St. 
Bonaventure's  Seminary,  St.  Bonaventure, 
N.  Y.  (Reprinted  from  the  Proceedings 
and  Addresses).  14  pp.  Svo.  Columbus, 
O.:  Office  of  the  Secretary  General,  1651 
E.  Main  Str. 


The  End  of  the  World 

Is  the  end  of  the  world  near  at 
hand,  or  is  the  talk  we  hear  on  the 
subject  simply  a  wild  theory? — a 
theory  w^hich  may  float  for  a  while 
on  the  surface  of  the  mind,  like  an 
iceberg  in  the  ocean,  but  in  the  end 
is  sure  to  melt  before  the  effulgent 
rays  of  reason  and  revelation? 

Read  Rev.   E.   S.   Berry's,   D.  D.,   book 

"The  Apocalypse  of  St.   John" 
$1.50  per  copy 


For   sale   at  all   Catholic   book  stores  anri 
by   the  Publisher 

JOHN  W.  WINTERICH,  [ftv7i  and" 'J. 


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Architect  and 
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Churches,  Schools,  and  Institutions 

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Tenth     and     Olive     Streets    ■-    :  •'  ■' 

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and 

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Address  3934  S.  Grand  Blvd.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 


MISSIONARY    SISTERS 

Numerous  Sisters  are  needed  in  our 
foreign  fields.  For  details  in  regard  to 
admission  into  tlrie  Community  of  tlie  Mis- 
sionary Sisters,  Servants  of  the  Holy 
Gtiost,  write  to  Sister  Provincial,  Holy 
Ghost  Convent,   Techny,   III. 


64 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


February  1 


A  SPRINKLE  OF  SPICE 


A  writer  in  the  London  Universe  says  tliat 
a  certain  lonor-winded  preacher  was  cured 
wh-'n  by  an  error  of  the  types  he  was  refer- 
red to  in  a  leading  newspaper  as  "the  Never- 
end  Mr. .  " 


"Very,  very  sad,  sir,"  said  the  doctor,  "I 
greatly  regret  to  tell  you  your  wife's  mind 
is  completely  gone." — "Well,  I'm  not  sur- 
prised, Doc;"  returned  the  husband;  "she's 
been  giving  me  a  piece  of  it  ever}'  day  for  the 
last  fifteen  years." 


Houdini's  book,  "A  ]\Iagician  Among  the 
Spirits,"  ("Harper)  abounds  in  amusing  epi- 
sodes. Thus  he  once  attended  a  seance  with 
a  friend,  who,  informed  that  his  deceased 
wife's  spirit  was  on  hand,  asked  permission 
to  kiss  her;  and  "he  told  me  later  that  she 
must  have  forgotten  to  shave,  as  she  had  a 
stubble  beard."  Here  is  an  interestii.g  com- 
ment on  the  deportment  of  spirits:  "A 
widow  in  Brookhm  became  a  mother  and 
claimed  that  the  spirit  of  her  husband  was  the 
father  of  her  child. ' ' 


In  South  America  the  hyphen  is  permitte- 
d  to  fall  in  print  without  regard  to  syllabl- 
es, and  the  result  is  that  almost  anything  y- 
ou  read  looks  like  this.  It  is  said  that  pe- 
ople accustomed  to  our  o\vn  style  of  dividi- 
ng words  find  it  very  difficult  to  read  the 
South  American  prints  with  anv  great  faci- 
lity. If  you  have  been  somewhat  slowed  d- 
own  in  the  course  of  reading  this  and  hav- 
e  sometimes  wondered  at  the  end  of  the  li- 
ne what  the  hotel  was  going  to  happen  on 
the  turn,  you  can  understand  some  part  o- 
f  what  most  visitors  experience  in  South  A- 
merica. 


The  vexed  question  how  to  pronounce  the 
name  of  Mr.  William  Le  Queux,  the  English 
novelist,  has  been  at  last  settled.  In  his 
book,  ' '  Things  I  Know  About  Kings  Cele- 
brities, and  Crooks,"  he  has  the  following 
rhyme : 

It  troubles  each  sex, 
So  I  put  it  to  you. 
Is  it  William  Le  Quex 

Or  William  Le  Queux? 
I  give  you  the  cue, 

So  no  longer  perplex. 
It  is  William  Le  Queux, 
Not  William  Le  Quex. 

FOR  SALE :  A  ten  stop,  tracker  action  pipe 
organ,  in  splendid  condition.  Case  oak-wood, 
and  console  is  attached.  Will  erect  complete 
in  church,  with  entirely  new  electric  motor, 
for  the  sura  of  fourteen  hundred  dollars,  with- 
in a  radius  of  two}  hundred  miles.  Above 
that,  freight  is  to  be  added.  Terms,  one-half 
cash,  balance  on  notes,  payable  quarterly, 
covering  a  period  of  eighteen  months,  witli- 
out  interest.  Address,  Adolph  B.  Suess,  1314 
Lynch  Ave.,  East  St.  Louis,  Illinois. 


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The   Valley  of  Peace. 

By  Lida  L.  Coghlan.  Cloth,  8vo.,  282 
pages,  art  jacket,  net  $1.50. 

Father    Tim's    Talks    With    People    He 
Met. 

By  C.  D.  McEnniry,  C.  SS.  B.  Volume 
Five.  Cloth,  8vo.,  IV  &  185  pages,  net 
$1.00. 

The  Psalms. 

A  Study  of  the  Vulgate  Psalter  in 
the  Light  of  the  Hebrew  Text.  By  Eev. 
Patrick  Boylan,  M.  A.  Volume  Two. 
(Psalms  LXXII— CL.)  Large  8vo., 
XII  &  404  pages,  net  $6.25. 

The  Tower  to  Tyburn. 

A  London  Pilgrimage  by  P.  J. 
Chandlery,  S.  J.  Cloth  Svo.,  XII  & 
164    pages,    and    copious   illustrations, 

net   $2.25. 

Our  Pilgrimage   in  France. 

(Lisieux,  Lourdes  and  Paray-le- 
Monial).  By  the  Eev.  F.  M.  Breves. 
Cloth,  8vo.,  256  pages,  net  $1.40. 

More  Mystics. 

By  Enid  Dinnis.  Cloth,  8vo.,  254 
pages,  net  $1.75.^ 

St.    Benedict. 

A  Character  Study.  From  the  Pen 
of  Et.  Eev.  Ildephonse  Eerivegen,  0. 
S.  B.,  Abbot  of  Maria  Laach.  Trans- 
lated by  Dom  Peter  Nugent,  O.  S.  B, 
Cloth,   8vo.,  184  pages,  net  $2.25. 

The  Cure  of  Ars. 

(The     Blessed     Jean-Bap  tiste     Marie 

Vianney.)       By     the  Ahhe      Alfred 

Monni7X.      Translation  and    Notes    by 

Bertram     Wolferstan,  S.     J.     Cloth, 

large  8vo.,  558  pages,  illustrated,  net 
$6.25. 

The     Problem      of     Evil      and      Human 
Destiny. 

From  the  German  of  the  Eev.  Otto 
Zimmcrmann,  S.  J.,  by  the  Rev.  John 
S.  Zybura.  With  Introduction  by  the 
Right  Rev.  Joseph  ScJirembs,  D.  D. 
Cloth,  8vo.,  XIV  &  135  pages,  net  90 
cents. 

The   Virtues    of   the    Divine    Child   and 
Other   Papers. 

By  the  late  Daniel  Considine,  S.  J. 
With  an  Introductoi-y  Memoir  by  F. 
C.  Devas,  S.  J.  Cloth,  8vo.,  XXIV  & 
204  pages,  net  $2.00. 

The   Unknown  God. 

By  Eev.  John  A.  McClorey,  S.  J. 
Cloth,  8vo.,  XIII  &  202  pages,  net 
$1.50. 

B.  Herder^ook  Co. 

I  7     South    Broadway,     St.     Louis,     Mo. 


The  Fortnigfhtly  Review 


VOL.  XXXII,  XO.  4 


ST.  LOUIS,  MISSOURI 


February  15tli,  1925 


Child  Labor  Criticism 

By   Edward   Keating,    Former   Congressman    from    Colorado 


[Note — Mr.  Edward  Keating,  formerly 
editor  of  the  Eocl-y  Mountain  News,  Denver, 
Oolo.,  and  a  Congressman  from  Colorado,  in- 
troduced the  Owen-Keating  Child  Labor  Bill 
which  was  passed  by  both  House  and  Senate 
and  afterwards  held  to  be  unconstitutional  by 
the  U.  S.  Supreme  Court  in  a  famous  ' '  five 
to  four  decision. ' '  Mr.  Keating  is  now  editor 
of  Labor,  published  in  Washington,  the  of- 
fiieial  paper  of  the  Eailroad  Brotherhoods 
with  a  circulation  of  over  400,000  per  week. 
— Editor.] 

There  is,  of  course,  ample  scope  not 
onlj'-  for  discussion,  but  for  honest  dif- 
ference of  opinion  as  to  the  merits  of 
the  proposed  Child  Labor  Amendment, 
which  is  as  follows : 

The  Congress  shall  have  power  to 
limit,  regulate  and  prohibit  the  labor 
.of  persons  under  eighteen  years  of  age. 

The  power  of  the  several  States  is 
unimpaired  by  this  article  except  that 
the  operation  of  the  state  laws  shall  be 
suspended  to  the  extent  necessary  to 
give  effect  to  legislation  enacted  by 
Congress. 

My  purpose  in  first  stating  the 
amendment  is  to  show  that  much  of 
the  discussion  is  altogether  aside  from 
the  question  and  many  of  the  opinions 
expressed  as  to  what  this  amendment  is, 
or  will  do,  are  unwarranted. 

Senator  Thomas  J.  Walsh,  of  Mon- 
tana, in  his  very  enlightening  speech* 
in  favor  of  the  amendment,  in  the  U.  S. 
Senate,  January  8th,  showed  by  the  U. 
S.  Census  of  1920  that  there  were 
175,000  children  between  the  ages  of 
ten  and  fifteen  years  employed  in 
factories.  To  remedy  this  condition, 
which  has  no  defense  from  any  of  the 
critics  of  the  amendment,  legislation 
had  been  enacted  by  Congress  on  pre- 
vious occasions,  but  the  Supreme  Court, 

*A  copy  of  this  speech  can  be  procured  by 
addressing  the  Senator  at  the  Senate  Office 
Building,   Washington,  D.   C. 


when  suits  were  brought,  ruled  that 
these  acts  were  unconstitutional,  and 
that  Congress  did  not  have  the  author- 
ity. 

It  was  in  a  sense  a  mandate  from  the 
Supreme  Court  that  an  amendment  to 
the  Constitution  was  necessary  if 
Child  Labor  was  to  be  abolished  by 
the  people's  representatives  in  Con- 
gress. This  resulted  in  both  houses 
voting  for  the  submission  of  such  an 
amendment — 297  for  to  89  against  in 
the  House,  and  61  for  to  23  against  in 
the  Senate. 

Regardless  of  my  connection  with  the 
advancement  of  Child  Labor  legisla- 
tion, both  in  and  out  of  Congress,  it  is 
not  my  purpose  in  this  article  to  go 
into  the  facts  and  arguments  favor- 
ing legislation  that  will  remove  chil- 
dren from  industry''  as  wage  earners. 

In  fact,  there  is  an  almost  unani- 
mous agreement  on  the  fundamental 
demand,  the  only  objectors  being  em- 
ployers and  beneficiaries  of  the  profits 
gained  by  the  use  of  cheap  labor,  for 
"One  can  scarcely  resist  the  thought 
advanced  by  Will  Rogers,"  says  Sena- 
tor Walsh,  ''that  if  only  a  law  would 
require  that  children  be  paid  as  much 
as  adults  there  would  be  no  Child 
Labor  problem." 

AVhile  Congress  proposes  no  law  or 
regulations,  only  desiring  to  be  in  a 
position  to  correct  the  existing  con- 
ditions in  the  event  there  is  no  awaken- 
iug  in  the  conscience  of  those  backward 
and  delinquent  States  where  such  Child 
Labor  is  tolerated,  nevertheless,  it  is 
amazing  just  how  effective  this  small 
group  of  personally  and  financially  in- 
terested persons  have  been  in  clouding 
the  issue  by  misrepresentation  and  pro- 
paganda, until  great  numbers  of  other- 
wise weU  informed  and  sympathetic 
people  have  grouped  themselves  on  the 


66 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY   REVIEW 


February   15 


side  of  money  instead  of  on  the  side  of 
morals. 

Therefore,  it  is  my  pnrpose  to  eon- 
fine  myself  to  the  character  of  the  op- 
position that  has  developed  to  the  pro- 
posed amendment,  which  in  many  sec- 
tions has  taken  on  a  Catholic  aspect, 
so  that  it  surely  and  in  a  sense  justly 
will  be  added  to  our  burden  of  ex- 
planations. 

It  is  not  convincing  to  say  to  for- 
A\ard-minded  non-Catholics  that  while 
the  Catholic  Church  has  a  deep  interest 
in  the  welfare  of  her  children,  she 
stands  aloof  from  political  questions. 
They  will  imply  that  members  of  our 
Church,  of  such  prominence  that  their 
utterances  can  be  interpreted  as  official, 
are  publicly  opposing  this  measure  for 
the  relief  of  Avorking  children ;  the 
Ordinary  of  an  Archdiocese  instructs 
all  his  subordinates  as  pastors  to  speak 
against  the  amendment,  which  unusual 
procedure  has  brought  censure  from 
many  liberal  writers  and  journals 
throughout  the  country. 

Our  Catholic  papers  have  either  held 
themselves  aloof  on  this  very  humane 
measure,  or  they  are  opposing  it,  a 
few  of  them  bemg  the  loudest  in  their 
denunciation :  not  a  single  Catholic 
publication,  to  my  knowledge,  being  for 
the  amendment,  Avhich  is  something  to 
explain. 

The  public  will  conclude,  and  proper- 
ly so,  that  the  attitude  of  the  Church 
is  the  attitude  of  those  members  and 
publications  whose  positions  are  well 
known  by  their  public  utterances, 
which  have  been  distributed  widely  by 
the  agencies  wlio  would  use  them  as 
propaganda. 

Being  a  regular  reader  of  the  Fort- 
nightly Review,  I  have  found  the 
articles  "Polities  and  Prejudice"  by 
Colonel  Callahan  of  Louisville  very  in- 
teresting. Therefore,  I  know  your 
readers  are  acquainted  with  the  manner 
in  which  prejudices  are  so  often  played 
upon  in  politics ;  but  in  this  movement 
to  keep  pace  with  all  civilized  coun- 
tries toward  the  elimination  of  Child 
Labor  in  industr,y,  there  has  been  more 
appeal  to  prejudice  than  in  any  conven- 


tion or  campaign  that  has  come  within 
my  observation. 

There  can  be  nothing  so  informing 
on  that  phase  of  the  campaign  as  the 
speech  of  Senator  Walsh  of  Montana 
referred  to  above.  He  shows  con- 
clusively that  the  opposition  to  the 
amendment  originated  with  industry, 
and,  to  be  more  specific,  he  mentions 
the  National  Association  of  Manufac- 
turers, as  well  as  other  Associations  of 
Employers,  like  the  Associated  Lidus- 
tries  of  Massachusetts. 

The  "National  Committee  for  the 
Rejection  of  the  Twentieth  Amend- 
ment," whose  membership  is  composed 
exclusively  of  manufacturers,*  is  lo- 
cated in  Washington  in  the  same  build- 
ing as  the  National  Association  of 
Manufacturers,  although  of  late  the 
personnel  has  been  changed  by  elim- 
inating the  emploj'ers  and  substituting 
more  college  men  and  clergymen  and 
some  conservatives  from  the  legal  pro- 
fession. 

The  Director  of  this  National  As- 
sociation fighting  Child  Labor  legisla- 
tion is  Frederick  M.  Keough,  an  editor 
of  an  anti-labor  journal  which  devotes 
much  of  its  space  to  a  campaign  against 
the  8-liour  day.  The  opposition  to  both 
these  humanitarian  measures  is  al- 
most identical. 

The  campaign,  under  such  direction, 
took  on  all  the  aspects  of  the  opposi- 
tion that  is  always  standing  against 
social  reform  and  social  justice.  The 
first  move  was  to  give  it  a  bad  name. 
It  was,  therefore,  charg-ed  as  Russian 
intrigue  and  propaganda  to  destroy 
our  country,  our  schools  and  our  homes, 
and  those  responsible  for  the  move- 
ment were  all  branded  as  Bolsheviks. 

Circulars  and  publicity,  with  names 
of  leading  educators  and  churchmen 
appended  to  these  false  and  misleading 

*The  personnel  of  the  "National  Commit- 
tee" is  as  follows:  Millard  D.  Brown, 
Continental  Mills,  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  0.  S. 
Anderson,  Norton  Co.,  Worcester,  Mass. ;  P. 
E.  Glenn,  Exposition  Cotton  Mills,  Atlanta, 
Ga. ;  W.  A.  B.  Dalzell,  Fostoria  Glass  Co., 
Moundsville,  W.  Va.;  R.  E.  Wood,  Sears, 
Roebuck  &  Co.,  Chicago,  111.;  W.  H.  Leonard, 
Denver  Rock  Drill  Mfg.  Co.,  Denver,  Colo.; 
W.  Frank  Carter,  Carter,  Nortoni  &  Jones, 
St.  Louis,  Mo, 


1925 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


67 


accusations,  were  given  wide  circula- 
tion. 

This  phase  of  the  question,  says 
Senator  Walsh,  is  intimately  related 
to  another  line  of  argument  much  re- 
lied upon,  namely,  the-sanctity-of-the- 
home-is-to-be-invaded,  which  explains 
the  appeals  to  prejudice  appearing  in 
publicity  and  advertisements:  "Pro- 
tect our  Homes  and  Save  our  Chil- 
dren;" "The  State  displaces  parents 
in  their  natural  right,  duty  and 
privilege  of  rearing  their  children." 

On  this  poiut  the  Senator  says 
further : 

"It  was  along  this  line  in  the  main 
that  the  campaign  against  the  Amend- 
ment, under  the  direction  of  Cardinal 
William  O'Connell,  was  prosecuted  in 
connection  with  the  .Massachusetts 
referendum.  One  of  his  subordinates, 
the  Rt.  Rev.  M.  J.  Splaine,  D.  D.,  ex- 
pressed himself  on  the  subject  thus: 
'There  never  Avas  a  more  radical  or 
revolutionary  measure  proposed  for  the 
consideration  of  the  American  people 
than  this  so-called  Child  Labor  x\mend- 
ment  that  at  one  stroke  of  the  pen 
would  set  aside  the  fundamental 
American  principle  of  State  rights,  and 
at  the  same  time  would  destroy 
parental  control  over  children,  and 
commit  this  country  forever  to  the 
communistic  system  of  the  nationaliza- 
tion of  her  children.' 

"In  an  editorial  in  the  Boston  Pilot, 
organ  of  the  Cardinal,  of  October  4, 
1924,  is  the  following:  'For  the 
parental  control  over  children  it  would 
substitute  the  will  of  Congress  and  the 
dictate  of  a  centralized  bureaucracy, 
more  in  keeping  with  Soviet  Russia 
than  with  the  fundamental  principles 
of  American  Government.'  (This  is 
the  point  stressed  in  the  pamphlet  by 
the  National  Association  of  Manufac- 
turers.) It  is  not  to  be  inferred  that 
the  attitude  of  Cardinal  O'Connell  is 
that  of  the  Catholic  clergy  generally. 
Father  John  A.  Ryan,  professor  of 
economics  at  the  Catholic  University 
of  America,  who  has  been  active  in  the 
movement  for  the  amendment,  was,  as 
stated,  a  member  of  the  committee  at 
whose  instance  the  draft  of  the  amend- 


ment, as  it  was  finally  agreed  upon,  was 
framed,  and  is  the  author  of  a  leaflet 
correcting  many  of  the  misrepresenta- 
tions concerning  it  circulated  in  order 
to  defeat  ratification.*) 

"On  like  grounds,  as  I  am  told, 
various  clergymen  of  the  Episcopal 
Church,  including  Bishop  Manning, 
listed  in  one  of  the  metropolitan  jour- 
nals, have  expressed  their  disapproba- 
tion of  the  amendment.  I  am  pleased 
to  learn  that  some  doubt  has  been  ex- 
pressed as  to  whether  the  Reverend 
Bishop  was  quoted  with  his  authority. 
Bishop  LaAvrence,  of  Massachusetts, 
also  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  was  rank- 
ed in  the  campaign  in  that  State  among 
those  who  opposed  the  amendment. 

' '  The  trouble  with  their  argument 
is  that  it  comes  nearly  a  century  too 
late.  The  Cardinal,  whoise  priestly 
office,  as  well  as  his  high  character,  for- 
bids the  belief  that  he  is  consciously 
playing  the  game  of  sordid  and  mercen- 
ary employers,  is  apparently  uncon- 
scious that  he  is  not  arguing  against 
Federal  control  over  Child  Labor,  but 
against  any  governmental  control  what- 
ever, either  State  or  national. 

"For  undeniably,  if  congressional 
legislation  dealing  with  that  subject, 
prohibiting  Child  Labor,  restricting  or 
regulating  it,  is  an  unwarrantable  in- 
terference with  parental  control,  an 
invasion  of  the  sanctity  of  the  home, 
equally  so  the  legislation  already  in 
vogue  in  his  State  must  be. 

"If  fundamental  rights  are  disre- 
garded when  a  heartless  employer  or 
an  unfeeling  parent  is  haled  into  a 
Federal  court,  the  one  for  hiring  and 
the  other  for  permitting  a  child  of 
tender  years  to  work  in  a  sweatshop 

")"Tlie  Proposed  Child  Labor  Amend- 
ment," by  John  A.  Eyan,  D.  D.  National 
Child  Labor  Committee,  215  Fourth  Ave., 
New  York  City.  Publication  323.  Those  who 
wish  to  examine  the  arguments  that  can  be 
brought  against  the  amendment — and  they 
seem  to  us  too  weighty  to  be  dismissed  lightly 
—should  study  Free  Leaflet  No.  XXXIII  of 
the  Central  Bureau  of  the  Catholic  Central 
Verein,  ' '  The  Case  against  the  Proposed 
Child  Labor  Amendment, ' '  copies  of  which 
can  be  had  for  the  asking  from  the  Central 
Bureau,  3835  Westminster  Place,  St.  Louis, 
Mo. — Editor. 


68 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


February  16 


ten  hours  a  day,  they  are  equally  tram- 
pled upon  when  such  deliquents  are 
brought  to  trial  in  a  State  court,  as 
they  are  now. 

"So  far  as  the  family  relation  is 
concerned  it  is  immaterial  whether  the 
laAV  emanates  from  the  State  or  from 
the  Federal  Government. 

* '  There  may  be  political  reasons  why 
such  control  as  is  to  be  exercised,  if 
any,  should  be  lodged  in  the  State  gov- 
ernments rather  than  in  Federal 
authority,  but  those  reasons  are  of  no 
especial  concern  to  Cardinal  O'Connell 
in  his  clerical  functions. 

"If  the  power  is  to  be  exercised  at 
all,  it  is  a  matter  of  indifference  to 
him  ecclesiastically,  however  it  may  be 
to  him  as  a  plain  citizen  of  the  Repub- 
lic, in  which  sovereignty  it  is  to  be 
lodged  or  whether  it  shall  be  exercised 
concurrently. ' ' 

The  Senator  is  exactly  right  about 
it  being  too  late  to  discuss  the  invading- 
of-the-sanctity-of-the-home  because  the 
State  laws  on  Child  Labor  in  most 
States  have  been  doing  for  years  all  the 
things  which  these  particular  critics 
seem  to  fear. 

With  compulsory  education,  truancy 
laws,  and  many  similar  statutes,  to  say 
nothing  of  the  police  poAver  of  the 
States  and  cities,  this  sanetity-of-the- 
home  is  largely  a  myth. 

It  should  be  said  for  the  Cardinal 
that  his  signature  did  not  appear  on 
the  "Save  our'  Children"  literature 
and  his  instructions  to  his  pastors  did 
not  include  any  of  the  maliciously  mis- 
representing propaganda  with  which  he 
must  have  been  flooded. 

However,  every  man,  woman  and 
cliild  in  New  England  concludes  that 
the  Catholic  Church  is  lined  up  with 
employers  and  against  Child  Labor 
legislation.  Furthermore,       Mayor 

Curley  was  making  a  race  for  governor 
and  Senator  David  I.  Walsh  for  re- 
election, both  of  them  emphasizing  the 
Child  Labor  amendment  until  the 
Cardinal  issued  his  pronunciamento, 
when  Curley  suddenly  learned  the 
measure  was  a  "Lenine-Trotsky"  cre- 
ation, so  he  proceeded  to  denounce  it 


as  fiercely  as  he  had  praised  it  a  few 
days  before. 

To  offset  all  this,  we  virtually  have 
no  one  but  Father  John  A.  Ryan,  and 
while  his  official  position  in  the  Church 
may  not  be  so  elevated,  he  has  an  exalt- 
ed place  in  the  hearts  and  minds  of  the 
workers  everyivhere,  regardless  of  their 
religion.  The  same  is  true  of  that 
other  class  sometimes  derisively  termed 
"Reformers,"  who  are  trying  and 
trying  to  make  life  and  the  world 
some  easier,  although  many  of  them  are 
not  able  to  do  any  more  than  try,  as 
it  is  a  hard  road. 

Some  of  them  are  pagans,  perhaps, 
but  the  philosophy  of  Father  Ryan  is 
their  gospel,  for  all  students  and 
writers  of  economics  and  sociology  have 
been  following  him  for  twenty  years. 
Some  may  not  agree  with  me  as  to  his 
always  being  on  the  right  side,  but 
everyone  knows  and  agrees  he  is  always 
on  the  side  of  the  weak  as  against  the 
strong.  And  my,  what  strength  he 
brings  to  a  cause — solid  and  substan- 
tial physically,  as  well  as  intellectu- 
ally; patient  and  painstaking;  never 
uttering  a  harsh  word  and  most  gentle 
in  controversy,  and  in  any  environment 
or  under  any  circumstances  no  one 
can  forget  for  an  instant  that  he  is 
a  Catholic  priest. 

Starting  this  article  with  some  alarm 
as  to  how  this  campaign  would  affect 
the  status  of  Catholics  with  the  rank 
and  file  of  their  non-Catholic  fellow 
citizens,  after  calm  reflection  I  am  con- 
vinced that  as  long  as  Father  Ryan  is 
with  us,  we  have  nothing  to  fear. 


Silence 

By  Charles  J.  Quirk,  S.  J. 
Not  in  the  spoken  word,  not  thus  we  tell 
Thoughts    darker    than    the    sea,    that    in    us 

dwell ; 
But  ouly  in  our  silences  we  show 
The   dreadful  inexpressiveness   of   woe! 


An  Anglican  parson,  dressed  like  a  Catholic 
priest,  was  riding  in  a  street  ear.  A  bigot 
entered  and  sat  down  opposite  the  minister. 
Seeing  his  Roman  collar,  he  mistook  him  for 
a  Catholic  priest  and  shouted  at  him  furiously 
three  times:  "I  don't  believe  in  Purgatory." 
To  which  the  parson  calmly  replied:  "My 
dear  sir,  you  may  go  to  hell,  don't  you 
know?" 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


69 


The  Community  Chest 

By   P.    H.    CaHahan   of   Louisville 


About  this  time  each  year  the  people 
in  a  number  of  cities  have  come  to 
expect  the  annual  campaign  for  contri- 
butions to  the  Community  Chest,  which 
Avas  developed  during-  the  period  of 
war-time  drives  for  divers  purposes, 
chief  among  them  being  to  relieve 
business  men  from  repeated  appeals  for 
contributions,  to  distribute  the  total 
of  their  gifts  for  relief  with  a  measure 
of  equity,  to  eliminate  imposition  and 
fraud,  and  to  secure  the  most  up-to- 
date  approved  methods  in  the  applica- 
tion of  welfare  funds. 

Having  been  one  of  a  Committee  in- 
vited by  our  Mayor  to  assist  in  the 
formation  of  a  Community  Chest  in 
Louisville,  the  writer  had  occasion  to 
make  a  rather  extensive  survey''  of  con- 
ditions where  the  Chest  had  previously 
been  established,  and  some  observations 
en  this  subject  maj^  not  be  without  in- 
terest at  the  present  time.  It  is  not 
my  purpose  to  discuss  the  deeper 
motives  of  charity  which  may  be  in- 
volved, or  whether  charity  in  the 
Christian  sense,  so  beautifuU}"  pictured 
by  St.  Paul,  can  emanate  from  a  civic 
body,  or  from  any  other  collective  body 
which  is  not  animated  by  supernatural 
motives;  but  rather,  to  consider  some 
of  the  practical  points  involved,  in- 
cluding some  of  the  difficulties  which 
must  be  encountered  and  some  of  the 
advantages  which  may  be  gained. 

First,  perhaps,  is  the  difficulty  of 
distinguishing  between  what  is  proper- 
ly welfare  work  conducted  from  simple 
Immanitarian  motives  along  lines  in 
Avhich  all  the  members  of  a  community 
as  citizens  have  a  common  interest  and 
a  common  duty,  and  so-called  welfare 
work  prompted  more  or  less  by  motives 
M'hich  not  only  are  of  singular  interest 
to  a  particular  group,  but  in  a  greater 
or  less  degree  are  in  opposition  to  the 
interests  or  the  views  of  other  groups. 
There  are  many  charities,  as  well  as 
other  worth  while  activities,  that  are 
directed  by  different  denominations 
and  the  churches  carrying  on  such  en- 
terprises should  be  glad,  and  usually 


are  glad,  to  look  after  their  mainten- 
ance without  depending  upon  a  central 
quasi-public  organization.  It  can  hard- 
ly be  regarded  as  constructive  to  in- 
clude these  activities  in  a  Communitv 
Chest. 

This  is  very  well  illustrated  by  a 
remark  not  long  since  made  to  the 
writer  hy  a  Presbj^terian  layman,  who 
said  that  since  the  formation  of  such 
a  central  quasi-public  organization  in 
our  city,  his  particular  congregation 
or  church  was  not  doing  anything  in 
the  way  of  charity,  and  he  felt  a  sense 
of  loss  on  account  of  it,  as  his  contri- 
bution to  such  a  body,  whether  in 
money  or  service,  did  not  satisfy  his 
charitable  impulse.  It  was  too  much 
like  paying  his  monthly  bills.  It  re- 
minded one  of  what  St.  Paul  said:  "If 
I  give  all  I  have  to  the  poor  and  have 
]iOt  charity,  it  is  nothing." 

This  remark  impressed  the  writer, 
Avho  had  ahvays  felt  that  wherever  re- 
ligious organizations  are  invited  to 
participate  in  a  Community  Chest,  they 
f-.houlcl  act  as  a  group,  and  either  all 
of  them  should  go  in  or  all  of  them 
should  stay  out.  But  in  the  case  of 
our  Catholic  charities,  for  all  of  them  to 
go  in  would  put  us  in  the  same  situa- 
tion as  that  described  by  my  Presbyte- 
rian friend,  and  thus,  in  a  sense,  the 
very  heart  would  be  taken  out  of  the 
practice  of  our  religion. 

Moreover,  it  is  indispensable  that 
such  a  quasi-public  organization  as  the 
(Community  Chest  must  have  strict 
regulations  as  to  funds,  and  not  onl}' 
as  to  the  funds  which  are  given  direct- 
ly by  the  Chest,  but  of  the  funds  which 
the  participating  agency  receives  from 
other  sources  on  its  own  account,  as 
unless  such  accountings  are  made,  there 
is  always  a  possibility  of  some  one 
taking  undue  advantage,  and  where 
such  a  possibility  exists,  there  is  apt 
to  be  suspicion,  which  is  poisonous. 

In  establishing  such  a  system  of  ac- 
counting, participating  agencies  are  re- 
quired to  have  a  certain  degree  of  uni- 
lormitv  in  their  books  and   a  certain 


70 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY   REVIEW 


February   15 


degree  of  harmony  in  their  policies, 
for  adequate  comparison  of  their  ex- 
penditures and  disbursements.  In 
short,  the  Community  Chest  organiza- 
tion must  exercise  a  certain  degree  of 
supervision  over  the  direction  and  ad- 
ministration of  participating  agencies. 
This,  of  course,  presents  difficulties 
right  at  the  start,  and,  as  is  the  nature 
of  all  organizations,  these  difficulties 
will  multiply  as  time  goes  on,  because 
the  extent  of  the  supervision  required 
will  gradually  take  in  more  and  more 
both  of  policies  and  details  of  ad- 
ministration. 

There  is  here  a  possible  great  danger 
to  religion.  The  Community  Chest 
idea  is  by  no  means  crystallized.  It 
is  only  a  few  years  old.  The  extent  to 
which  it  might  in  future  encroach  upon 
and  hamper  the  activities  of  one  or  an- 
other organization  or  society,  cannot 
be  inferred  from  precedent,  but  only 
from  the  trend  of  organizations  in 
general,  on  the  principle  that  human 
nature  in  its  various  aspects  is  always 
the  same.  While  we  need  not  fear 
such  an  assumption  of  authority  in 
our  country  as  w^as  shown  in  Central 
America,  where  a  governor  ordered 
the  arrest  of  anyone  soliciting  funds, 
even  for  charity,  without  having  first 
secured  the  approval  of  his  administra- 
tion, nevertheless,  we  cannot  close  our 
eyes  to  the  possibility  of  a  supervision 
which  relatively  would  be  quite  as 
<[istasteful  to  Americans  and  equally 
destructive  of  individual  enterprise, 
not  to  say  contemptuous  of  religion  and 
the  supernatural  aims  and  motives  of 
iliose  who  devote  their  lives  to  charity. 

Of  course,  a  participating  agency  in 
the  Community  Chest  is  free  at  any 
time  to  withdraw;  that  is,  theoretical- 
ly. But  practically,  where  religious 
agencies  have  cut  loose  from  their 
traditional  and  customary  resources  of 
.support  and  looked  elsewhere  for  a 
few  years,  until  the  patrons  have  ac- 
quired the  habit  of  supporting  them, 
the  difficulty  of  returning  to  their  for- 
mer status  would  be  almost  insur- 
mountable. This  has  been  shown  re- 
peatedly and  on  a  large  scale  in  those 
countries  where   religious  institutions. 


forced  by  circumstances  or  seduced  by 
avarice  to  abandon  the  Christian  prin- 
ciple of  free-will  offerings,  have  look- 
ed to  the  State  instead  of  directly  to 
the  people  for  support.  It  has  in  every 
instance  gone  extremely  hard  wdth 
them,  and  in  many  instances  proved 
fatal,  when  the  State  support  was  with- 
drawn and  they  were  compelled  once 
jnore,  as  in  the  early  centuries,  to  look 
directly  to  the  voluntary  offerings  of 
the  people  for  sustenance.  Support  of 
religion,  like  many  other  good  deeds,  is 
considerably  a  matter  of  habit,  and  it 
takes  a  long  time  to  create  in  the  w'hole 
community  a  self-sacrificing  habit.  We 
have  been  trained  to  this  habit  in 
America.  The  Community  Chest  idea, 
insofar  as  it  includes  religious  agencies, 
weakens  that  habit,  and  is  a  distinct 
loss  on  that  side. 

But  the  Community  Chest  idea 
should  not  be  condemned  because  of 
tliis  possibility  of  danger.  It  offers  on 
the  other  iiand  advantages,  which  look 
to  greater  eificiency  in  administra- 
tion, more  intelligent  relief  and  welfare 
work  and  improved  social  conditions, 
which  should  not  be  ignored.  These, 
it  seems  to  the  writer,  may  be  used 
without  risking  the  danger  of  court- 
ing sucli  interference  in  religious  af- 
faire as  .the  Community  Chest  idea 
involves,  provided,  first,  the  possibility 
of  such  interference,  and  the  natural 
tendency  of  same  to  take  advantage  of 
it  for  the  advancement  of  their  own  in- 
terest is  always  kept  in  view,  and, 
second,  that  the  dift'erent  denomination- 
al groups  organize  themselves  into  a 
unit  and  only  participate  as  such,  if 
they  participate  at  all,  in  the  distribu- 
tion of  the  Community  Chest  funds. 

In  one  city,  wliich  the  writer  lias  in 
mind,  all  of  the  charity  and  welfare 
activities  of  one  denomination  are  or- 
ganized under  one  head,  w'hich  is  en- 
tirely within  the  control  and  under 
the  direction  of  the  authorities  of  that 
denomination.  This  organization  par- 
ticipates in  the  Community  as  a  unit, 
but  without  any  measure  of  supervision 
by  the  Chest  over  the  activities  com- 
posing the  unity.  The  Community 
Chest  does  not  pretend  to  support  the 


1925 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


71 


divers  activities  incorporated  in  this 
denominational  unit,  but  at  the  end  of 
each  year  makes  up  the  deficit  shown 
by  the  organization  as  a  whole,  and  for 
several  years  this  arrangement  has 
worked  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of 
all  concerned. 

If  each  denomination  having  a  num- 
ber of  charity  and  welfare  agencies 
should  organize  them  in  this  manner, 
including  all  of  their  activities  in  one 
organization,  w^hich  in  turn  would 
participate  as  a  unit  in  the  Community 
Chest,  the  danger  of  outside  inter- 
ference with  the  administration  would 
be  removed  and  the  difficulties  of  co- 
operation now  existing  would  largely 
disappear,  as  such  a  unit,  having  its 
own  organized  personnel  and  devoted 
patrons,  would  be  free,  both  theoreti- 
cally and  practically,  to  withdraw  at 
any  time. 

With  such  organizations  controlled 
and  directed  by  recognized  religious 
authorities  in  each  case,  the  groups 
could  come  together  on  a  fairlj^  re- 
presentative basis,  could  take  counsel 
among  themselves  as  to  any  matter 
affecting  their  common  interests,  and 
by  an  exchange  of  knowledge  and  ex- 
perience gained  in  the  course  of  their 
respective  activities,  they  would  be  of 
great  mutual  assistance  to  one  another 
in  working  out  their  plans,  at  the  same 
time  creating  among  the  members  of 
the  different  denominations  and  groups 
in  a  community  a  cordial  spirit  of 
good  will,  which  would  be  a  great  as- 
set to  everyone  and  a  long  step  for- 
ward in  promoting  that  community  of 
interest,  aim,  object,  and  ideals  of 
which  the  philosophers  have  dreamed. 


The  more  we  see  and  hear  of  the 
Modernists  in  the  orthodox  churches, 
the  more  we  respect  the  Fundamental- 
ists. We  know  exactly  where  these  lat- 
ter stand,  what  they  believe,  and  why. 
The  Modernists,  per  contra,  believe  any- 
thing, everything  and  nothing.  There 
is  one  fundamental  not  to  be  escaped, 
after  all,  and  that  is  intellectual  integ- 
rity.— Unity. 


Bellarmine  Mbquoted 

The  Church  Times  in  a  recent  issue 
attributed  to  Cardinal  Bellarmine  the 
astounding  declaration  that  "if  the 
Pope  should  err  by  enjoining  vices  or 
forbidding  virtues,  the  Church  would 
be  bound  to  believe  vices  good  and 
virtues  bad,  unless  it  would  sin  against 
conscience."  Fr.  Vassall-Phillips  in 
a  letter  to  the  editor  promptly  showed 
that  the  passage,  which  occurs  in 
Bellarmine 's  treatise  De  Romano 
Pontifice  (L.  V,  cap,  5),  is  not  as  a 
proposition  inculcated  by  the  author, 
but  a  reductio  ad  ahsurdum  of  his  op- 
ponents. Bellarmine 's  thesis  is  that 
"the  Supreme  Pontiff  is  preserved 
from  error  not  only  in  decrees  of  faith, 
but  also  in  those  concerning  morals, 
which  are  prescribed  to  the  whole 
Church  and  concern  things  necessary 
to  salvation  or  in  se  good  or  bad." 

As  his  second  proof  that  the  Pope's 
infallibility  extends  to  definitions  con- 
cerning morals,  Bellarmine  writes:  "If 
the  Pope  were  able  to  erv  in  morals, 
then  it  would  necessarily  follow  that 
he  would  err  also  concerning  the  faith, 
for  the  Catholic  faith  teaches  that  every 
virtue  is  good,  every  vice  bad.  If, 
then,  the  Pope  were  to  err  by  enjoin- 
ing vices  or  by  forbidding  virtues,  the 
Church  w^ould  be  bound  to  believe  vices 
to  be  good  and  virtues  bad,  unless  it 
would  sin  against  conscience.  For  in 
doubtful  things  the  Church  is  bound 
to  acquiesce  in  the  Pope's  judgment, 
to  do  what  he  commands,  not  to  do 
wliat  he  forbids ;  accordingly,  lest  it 
might  act  against  conscience,  it  is 
bound  to  believe  that  which  he  com- 
mands to  be  good,  that  which  he  for- 
bids to  be  evil." 

The  reductio  ad  ahsurdum  is  evident : 
If  the  Pope  w^ere  not  infallibl-e  in 
morals  as  well  as  in  faith,  it  would 
follow  that  the  Church  would  be  bound 
out  of  obedience  to  believe  good  evil 
and  evil  good — w-hich  is  manifestly 
absurd.  This  is  the  whole  force  of 
Bellarmine 's  contention. 


There  is  a  partiality  of  antecedent 
bias,  and  a  partiality  of  tried  convic- 
tion. 


12 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY   REVIEW 


February   15 


The   Last   Days  of  Hyacinth   Loyson 

M.  Houtin  has  at  last  finished  liis 
life  of  Hyacinth  Loyson,  of  unhappy 
memory.  The  third  and  last  volume, 
lately  published,  deals  with  the  later 
years  and  the  death  of  the  'ex-Carmelite, 
whose  portrait,  prefixed  to  the  book, 
shows  him  as  an  evil-looking  old  man, 
with  heavy,  coarsened  features. 

M.  Loyson 's  religious  opinions,  to- 
wards the  end  of  his  life,  became  more 
confused  and  unstable  than  ever.  Af- 
ter the  fact  had  been  brought  home 
to  the  Loysons  that  the  Catholic  Church 
and  the  Christian  sects  alike  had  lost 
all  interest  in  them,  they  turned  to 
the  East,  and  after  two  trips  in  the 
Orient  M.  Loyson  found  that  the  argu- 
ments against  the  person  and  claims 
of  Christ  were  irresistible  and  made 
efforts  to  reunite  the  Christian  church- 
es with  each  other  and  to  Islam  as  well. 

After  the  death  of  his  wife,  which 
occurred  in  1909,  efforts  were  made  to 
reconcile  M.  Loyson  wdth  the  Church. 
But  all  these  attempts  were  frustrated 
by  Rome's  inexorable  demand  that  he 
subscribe  to  the  definition  of 
papal  infallibility  framed  by  the  Vati- 
can Council,  which  he  obstinately  re- 
fused to  do. 

His  last  years,  which  he  spent  with 
his  son  Paul  and  his  daughter-in-law, 
were  outwardl}^  tranquil,  but  his  mind 
was  by  no  means  at  peace.  Paul  said 
that  M.  Loyson  was  the  most  tortured 
soul  he  had  ever  met.  "Religious  suf- 
fering," wrote  the  ex-monk  in  his 
diary,  "has  clung  to  me  all  my  life, 
both  before  and  after  my  rupture  with 
the  Church,  for  I  cannot  accept  her 
as  she  is,  and  I  have  never  found  any- 
thing to  take  her  place." 

"I  have  neither  peace  nor  happi- 
ness," he  wrote  two  years  before  his 
death,  which  took  place  in  February, 
1912.  Tragic  indeed  is  the  picture, 
drawn  by  M.  Houtin,  himself  an  ex- 
priest,  of  the  old  man  of  over  eighty, 
leaning  forward  in  his  armchair,  his 
face  buried  in  his  arms  crossed  upon 
a  table  in  front  of  him,  his  back  ex- 
posed as  if  to  receive  the  strokes  of 
discipline,  while  M.  Houtin  reads  aloud 
the  record  of  his  strangle  and  unhappy 


career !  Now  and  again  he  raises  his 
face,  bathed  in  tears,  to  make  a  correc- 
tion or  develop  a  point,  his  voice  be- 
traying the  emotion  which  tears  at  his 
heart.  The  "religion  of  Emily"  (his 
deceased  wife),  which  he  professed  at 
this  stage,  was  not  a  religion  rt;hat 
brings  a  man  peace.  In  his  diary  he 
more  than  once  acknowledges  that  the 
mystery  of  death  is  made  more  ter- 
rible b.y  the  silence  and  absolute  un- 
certainty of  that  which  lies  beyond  it. 
1'wo  months  before  his  demise  he  de- 
scribes his  state  as  "sad  without  re- 
lief. My  heart  is  held  fast  in  a  ter- 
rible vice  ....  To  this  are  joined  fright- 
ful doubts,  involuntary  and  irrational 
perhaps,  yet  they  desolate  my  heart 
and  imagination."  He  feels  the 
nothingness  of  everything  and  every- 
body, and  of  existence  itself  and  turns 
for  comfort  to  one  religious  crank  after 
another,  yet  finds  none. 

During  his  last  days  he  was  visited 
by  a  Mohammedan,  Abd-El-Hakim, 
who  gave  him  his  blessing  and  copied 
out  for  him  some  Mohammedan  pray- 
ers ;  by  the  Armenian  archpriest  in 
Paris,  who  sang  over  him  the  last  bless- 
ings of  the  Armenian  rite ;  by  the 
Orthodox  archpriest,  who  also  ad- 
ministered the  long  solemn  benedic- 
tion of  his  rite ;  but  no  Catholic  priest 
had  access  to  him.  An  Anglican  bishop 
read  prayers  over  his  body  before  it 
was  taken  from  the  house,  and  French 
Protestant  pastors  and  the  president 
of  the  "LTnion  des  Libres  Penseurs  et 
labres  Croyants  pour  la  Culture 
Morale"  delivered  discourses  at  his 
funeral  in  the  desecrated  church  of 
the  Oratory. 


Some  people  never  know  what  to  d';> 
with  a  joke  except  to  take  it  seriously. 

We  altogether  fail  to  understand  the 
enthusiasm  of  our  100  per  cent  Ameri- 
cans over  the  Nordics  and  their  alleged 
supremacy.  If  there  are  any  true-blue 
Nordics  in  the  world,  they  are  the 
Germans,  Yet  these  Germans  are  not 
so  popular  with  our  professional  pa- 
triots. It  looks  to  us  as  though  some- 
body were  badly  mixed  somewhere  — 
Unity. 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


73 


"In  Defense  of  Pope  Gregory  the  Great" 

Two    Letters    Written    in    Connection   With   the   Rev.    Dr.    A.    E.    Breen's    Paper    on    This 

Subject  in  No.  2  of  the  F.  R. 


University  of  Virginia 
27  Jan.,  1925 
Rev.  A.  E.  Breen,  D.  D., 

St.  Francis  Seminary,  Wis. 
My  dear  Dr.  Breen : 

Let  me  thank  yon  for  the  copy  you 
have  sent  me  of  The  Fortnightly  Re- 
view of  St.  Louis,  containing  your 
article  "In  Defense  of  Pope  Gregory 
the  Great."  In  it  you  quote  a  letter 
of  mine  to  Mr.  Oakes,  the  editor  of 
Current  History.  As  I  admitted  fully 
in  that  letter  the  possibility  that 
Draper  may  have  misquoted  Pope 
Gregory,  there  can  be  no  controversy 
between  you  and  myself  on  that  point. 
But  you  say  that  I  have  misquoted 
Draper  in  attributing  to  him  the  state- 
ment that  the  Pope  had  said  that 
' '  Ignorance  is  the  mother  of  devotion. ' ' 
You  w^ill  notice  that  I  did  not  quote 
Draper  as  saying  that  Gregory  had 
originated  the  statement.  You  your- 
self say  that  Draper  speaks  of  Gregory 
as  ' '  insisting  on  the  maxim  that '  ignor- 
ance is  the  mother  of  devotion.'  "  If 
you  can  discover  any  essential  dif- 
ference between  a  man 's  saying  a  thing 
and  his  ' '  insisting ' '  on  it,  I  am  entirely 
willing  that  any  one  who  agrees  with 
you  shall  consider  that  I  have  mis- 
quoted Draper. 

Did  Mr.  Cakes  send  you  the  original 
of  my  letter  to  him,  or  did  he  send 
a  typewritten  copy?  If  the  latter,  the 
typist  made  a  mistake  in  attributing 
to  me  the  use  of  the  word  "fabric." 
1  did  not  say  that  Dean  Milman  reject- 
ed the  ^ '  fabric ' '  that  Gregory  destroyed 
the  Palatine  Library.  I  probably  said 
that  he  rejected  the  "fable"  that 
Gregory  destroyed  it.  At  any  rate, 
Dean  Milman  himself  called  the  story  a 
fable. 

You  can,  of  course,  publish  this  letter 
in  The  Fortnightly  Review,  if  you 
so  desire.  I  should  be  glad  for  you  to 
do  so. 

Yours  very  truly, 

R.  H.  Dabney 


St.  Francis  Seminary, 
St.  Francis,  Wis. 
Dear  Prof.  Dabney, 

There  is  an  immense  chasm  between 
you  and  me  in  the  worlds  of  theology 
and  histor}^  but  I  should  like  to  claim 
kinship  with  you  in  the  great  brother- 
hood of  urbanity  and  good  breeding. 
Your  modesty  and  calm  poise  reflected 
in  your  response  to  my  article  draw  me 
to  challenge  you  again. 

You  are  a  historian.  Let  me  say, 
therefore,  that  you  have  no  right  to 
declare,  as  you  declared  in  Current 
History,  that  Gregory  the  Great  is  the 
author  of  the  statement,  "Ignorance 
is  the  mother  of  devotion,"  on  the 
authority  of  Draper,  whom  you  dis- 
trust, and  whom  I  have  proven  to  be 
va'ong.  Remember  the  old  truth: 
"Nullum  theatrum  majus  conscientia 
est."  Our  greatest  judge  is  not  the 
readers  of  the  Fortnightly  Review, 
nor  of  Curre7it  History,  but  our  con- 
science. I  lay  bare  my  conscience  in 
this  controversy.  I  declare  before  God 
tJiat  I  believe  that  your  statement  in 
Current  History  traduced  the  great 
Pope. 

I  am  amazed  at  your  second  point. 
When  a  historian  tells  me  that  a  his- 
torical personage  said  a  thing,  I  have 
a  right  to  turn  to  the  writings  of  the 
aforesaid  personage  to  find  the  state- 
ment. You  believed  that  such  state- 
ment was  in  the  writings  of  St. 
Gregory;  for  you  dodge  the  obligation 
of  verifying  your  calumny  on  the 
ground  that  you  "have  not  access  to 
the  writings  of  Pope  Gregory  the 
Great." 

Secondly,  there  is  a  great  difference 
between  the  responsibility  of  the  orig- 
inal author  of  a  principle  of  human  acts 
and  the  responsibility  of  one  who  may 
be  duped  to  follow  it.  Machiavelli  is 
a  greater  scoundrel  than  Louis 
Napoleon. 

I  insist,  therefore,  that  you  are  guil- 
ty of  historical  inaccuracy  in  your  use 


74 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY   REVIEW 


February   15 


of  Draper.  Your  greatest  error  how- 
ever is  apodictically  to  declare  to  the 
world  that  Pope  Gregory  made  the 
offensive  statement,  on  the  mendacious 
assertion  of  the  worthless  Draper. 

Thirdly,  Mr.  Oakes  sent  me  your 
original  letter,  which  I  faithfully  caus- 
ed to  be  published,  and  then  sent  back 
to  him.  It  is  available  for  verification 
of  any  part  of  this  controversy.  If 
there  be  any  solace  to  you  in  the  dif- 
ference between  "fabric"  and  "fable," 
you  may  make  the  most  of  it. 

Finally,  though  the  point  is  ir- 
relevant to  the  theme  in  question,  you 
have  misquoted  St.  Augustine,  The 
great  Bishop  of  Hippo  treats  the  ques- 
tion of  "Antipodes"  in  his  City  of 
God  (Bk.  XVI,  9.).  He  declares  that 
there  is  no  historical  evidence  that 
antipodes  exist.  His  main  argument  is 
theological.  All  men  must  descend 
from  the  original  human  pair,  Adam 
and  Eve.  The  inhabited  earth  is  sur- 
rounded by  an  immense  ocean,  which 
no  man  can  traverse.  Wherefore  to 
place  antipodes  of  the  human  species 
on  the  nether  surface  of  our  globe  is 
contrary  to  faith,  which  asserts  that 
all  men  are  descended  from  Adam  and 
Eve  (efr.  Catholic  Historical  Review, 
New  Series,  Vol.  Ill,  pp.  74-90). 
A.  E.  Breen 


An  Anglican  Catholic  League 

' '  The  Catholic  League, ' '  an  Anglican 
organization,  has  adopted  the  Council 
of  Trent  as  its  creed.  The  purpose  of 
the  League  is  "to  promote  good  rela- 
tions between  Catholics,  i.  e.,  the  Angli- 
can, Latin,  and  Graeco-Slav  branches, 
to  convert  the  world  to  the  Catholic 
religion,  and  to  sanctify  its  own  mem- 
bers."  The  League  opposes  Protestant 
federation  as  a  grave  peril,  as  this  ex- 
cludes the  di\dne  authority  of  the  his- 
torical Church,  the  tradition  of  faith 
and  Christian  dogma.  The  union  which 
the  League  advocates  is  a  visible  union 
of  the  episcopate  under  the  supremacy 
of  the  Holy  See.  ■  Its  main  instrument 
of  action  is  prayer,  which  it  encourages 
by  such  associations  as  the  Rosary  of 
Our  Lady  of  Victory,  the  Sodality  of 
the  Precious  Blood,  and  the  Apostle- 


ship  of  Prayer.  All  priest  members  of 
the  League  must  belong  to  the  Sodal- 
ity of  the  Precious  Blood  under  the 
patronage  of  St.  Charles  Borromeo, 
the  rules  of  which  inculcate  celibacy, 
the  daily  recital  of  the  Rosary,  an  an- 
nual retreat,  the  exact  observance  of 
the  Roman  ritual,  and  the  study  of 
dogmatic  and  moral  theology. 

The  Catholic  League  marks  the 
nearest  step  to  Rome  that  any  Protes- 
tant organization  has  so  far  taken,  and 
its  rules  read  like  God 's  veiled  message 
to   the  Anglican   Church. 


The    Bible   Through    Modem 
Spectacles 

A  Catholic  exegete  who  has  care- 
fully examined  Dr.  James  Moffatt's 
much-discussed  translation  of  the  Bible 
into  modern  English,  gives  his  opinion 
of  the  work  in  Catholic  Truth  and 
Catholic  Book  Notes  (Vol.  II,  No.  1). 
We  quote  the  salient  passages  of  his 
criticism  :  ' '  Dr.  Moff att  is  far  too  schol- 
arly and  too  reverent  to  be  guilty  of 
any  gross  blunder  .  .  . ,  but  we  still 
think  that,  to  the  feeling  of  Catholics, 
he  has,  despite  his  excellent  intentions, 
not  escaped  what  seems  to  them  almost 
a  vulgarization  of  so  sacred  a  book  as 

the  Scriptures There  is  no  hint  of 

irreverence  or  intentional  lack  of  de- 
corum, but  Dr.  Moffatt  has  introduced, 
all  the  same,  a  very  definite  atmosphere. 
It  is  that  of  the  modern  lecture  room. 
The  impression  is  given  throughout  of 
a  cultured  gentleman  expounding  an 
ancient  Oriental  story  to  uninstructed 
minds  .  .  .  This  is  why  we  think  that 
to  Catholics  this  translation  ...  is  dis- 
tasteful. Its  atmosphere  is  fatal  to  a 
devotional  reading  of  Scripture, 
Finally,  Dr.  Moffatt  writes  in  his  pref- 
ace, 'A  real  translation  is  in  the  main 
an  interpretation. '  These  words  are  em- 
phatically true  of  the  work  we  are 
considering,  and  for  Catholics  they 
raise  the  question,  'AVliy  should  I  read 
the  AYord  of  God  through  Dr.  Moffatt's 
spectacles?'  We  would  rather  use 
spectacles  whose  accuracy  is  guaranteed 
b}'-  Holy  Mother  Church,  and  so  pos- 
sessing the  sanction  of  the  Author  of 
the  Bible  Himself." 


]925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


Bishop  Kelley's  First  Pastoral  Letter 


The  first  pastoral  letter  of  the  new 
Bishop  of  Oklahoma,  the  Rt.  Rev. 
Francis  C.  Kelley,  D.  D.,  founder  of  the 
Catholic  Extension  Society,  deals  not, 
as  some  papers  would  have  it,  with  the 
Catholic  press,  but  with  "missions.'' 
The  Bishop  outlines  an  intensive  mis- 
sionary campaign  for  his  diocese, 
which  is  still  very  much  in  the  mission- 
ary stage.  The  object  is,  (1)  to  reach 
every  baptized  Catholic  with  an  invita- 
tion to  fervor  and  loyalty;  (2)  to  reach 
every  Catholic  child  with  adequate 
catechetical  instruction ;  (3)  to  reach  as 
many  as  possible  of  the  non-Catholics 
of  the  State  with  a  clear-cut  statement 
of  the  Catholic  truth,  "inviting  them 
to  consider  the  beauty  and  wealth  of 
Catholic  teaching  and  to  see  the 
Spouse  of  Christ  as  she  is,  and  not  as 
her  enemies  have  represented  her  to 
be." 

It  is  a  truly  spiritual  programme 
and  one  that,  luilike  some  others  that 
we  have  seen  put  forth  in  the  course  of 
the  last  three  decades,  eminently  prac- 
tical. 

Incidental  to  this  programme  of 
spiritual  regeneration,  and  as  a  part  of 
it,  Bishop  Kelley  has  established  a 
Catholic  weekly  newspaper,  the  Soiith- 
west  Courier,  which  is  to  be  devoted 
largely  to  specially  prepared  religious 
instruction.  A  missionary  conference 
is  to  be  held  at  a  date  to  be  announced 
later.  The  usual  cathedraticum  collec- 
tion is  to  be  abolished  and  in  its  stead  a 
monthly  envelope  collection  is  to  be  in- 
augurated for  ' '  The  Bishop 's  Works. ' " 
Another  monthly  collection,  labelled 
"Catholic  Missions,"  is  to  provide  the 
necessary  funds  for  the  charges  assess- 
ed against  the  diocese  for  national 
Catholic  works,  for  membership  in  the 
Catholic  Extension  Society  and  the  So- 
ciety for  the  Propagation  of  the  Faith, 
etc.  The  keynote  of  the  appeal  to  non- 
Catholics  is  to  be  "kindness." 

"We  must  not  answer  abuse  with 
abuse,"  writes  Dr.  Kelley,  "nor  railing 
with  railing.  That  method  is  not  Catho- 
lic because  it  is  not  Christian.  Our 
separated  brethren  have  been  grossly 


deceived  by  men  who  benefit  by  making 
deception  profitable.  Non-Catholics 
have  heard  one  side  of  the  story  and 
that  presented  with  bitterness  and  by 
falsehood.  The  sublime  virtue  of  pa- 
triotism has  been  used  to  make  the  de- 
ception all  the  greater.  No  wonder  that 
many  have  fallen  into  the  -error  of  mis- 
judging us.  We  must  not  hold  this 
against  sincere  men  and  women.  There 
must  he  no  attempt  at  even  the  slightest 
reprisals  in  business  or  social  life.  There 
must  be  an  end  to  the  saying  of  harsh 
things.  One  remedy  only  may  be  effect- 
ually employed,  and  that  is  the  Charity 
of  Christ,  not  only  for  our  own  sakes, 
but  for  the  sake  of  His  Truth.  I  beg  of 
you  therefore,  to  put  all  bitterness  out 
of  your  hearts  and  bar  it  from  re-en- 
trance, not  alone  during  the  time  al- 
lotted to  prayer  for  our  effort,  but  for 
all  time.  Try  rather  to  encourage 
therein  the  growth  of  that  Charity 
'which  surpasseth  understanding.' 
Make  your  lives  models  of  the  Chris- 
tian virtues,  and  each  day  they  will  be 
an  effective  sermon  to  your  fellow-citi- 
zens. Put  aside  any  prejudices  that 
3^ou  may  have  acquired.  There  is  no 
room  in  a  Catholic  heart  for  such  de- 
cayed and  ugly  furniture.  Be  models 
of  fairness,  honesty  and  charity.  liOvc 
your  faith  with  all  your  strength  and 
try  to  appreciate  that  gift  so  freely 
given  you  by  G-od  and  so  unmerited  on 
your  part." 


It  is  asserted  that  the  ethical  teach- 
ing of  Jesus,  as  laid  down  in  the  Ser- 
mon on  the  Mount,  can  be  accepted 
regardless  of  Plis  dogmatic  declara- 
tions. In  reply  to  this  objection  it 
must  be  pointed  out  that  Christ 's  moral 
teaching  is  based  on  a  Y^ry  definite 
conception  of  God  and  of  man's  rela- 
tion to  Him.  Whatever  infidel  moral- 
ists may  urge,  the  ethics  of  the  Sermon 
on  the  Mount  cannot  be  translated  in- 
to practice  except  by  those  who  ac- 
knowledge the  claims  of  the  Preacher 
on  their  allegiance  and  accept  His 
teaching  about  God. 


76 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY   REVIEW 


February   15 


How  England  Lost  the  Faith 

Why  did  nearl}^  all  England  sur- 
render the  Catholic  faith  three  hundred 
and  fifty  years  ago  ?  Cardinal  Bourne 
gives  the  true  answer  vixen  he  says 
(Tablet,  No.  4,338)  that  very  few  of 
the  Tudor  forefathers  and  foreniothers 
of  the  present  generation  of  English- 
men understood  what  was  at  stake. 
Those  who  did  understand  became  the 
English  martyrs.  Despite  the  lapse  of 
time  and  the  desire  of  the  State  to  bury 
them  in  oblivion,  we  know  the  names 
and  deeds  of  hundreds  of  these  men 
and  women.  They  were  drawn  from 
all  orders  of  society,  and  their  deliber- 
ate choice  of  death  in  the  old  faith 
rather  than  life  in  a  new  religion  is, 
as  the  Cardinal  points  out,  a  sufficient 
answer  to  those  who  claim  continuity 
between  the  new  and  the  old.  If  the 
Reformation,  as  we  are  often  told,  was 
simply  a  bracing-up  of  morals  and  a 
clearing-out  of  superstitions,  the  Eng- 
lish martyrs  would  have  lived  for  it 
instead  of  dying  as  a  solemn  witness 
against  it. 

It  may  be  retorted  that  fanatical  and 
even  downright  bad  causes  have  had 
their  martyrs;  and  that  what  requires 
explaining  is  the  spiritless  defection 
of  the  great  masses  of  the  people.  In 
reply  the  Cardinal  says  that  the  aver- 
age man  did  not  know  until  it  w-as  too 
late  that  his  faith  was  at  stake.  If 
there  had  been  such  a  thing  as  a  ref- 
erendum in  those  days,  it  is  not  diffi- 
cult for  us  to  guess  whether  the  nation 
would  have  answered  "Yes"  or  "No" 
to  some  such  questionnaire  as:  "Do 
you  wish  England  to  cut  herself  off 
from  the  Holy  See?  And  the  king  to 
be  head  of  the  Church  in  both  spirituals 
and  temporals?  And  the  Mass  to  be 
abolishecl?  And  the  invocation  of  Our 
Lady  and  of  the  Saints  to  be  declared 
abominable,  as  well  as  prayers  for  your 
dead?" 

The  tragedy  lay  in  the  inability  of 
the  people  to  visualize  a  complete  and 
permanent  apostasy.  Such  a  thing  as 
the  cutting  off  of  a  limb  from  the 
mystical  Body  of  Christ  was  as  un- 
thinkable to  them  as  the  idea  of  expect- 


ing a  limb  to  go  on  living  by  itself 
would  have  been  ridiculous. 
,  It  is  true  that  there  had  been  one 
great  schism:  but  it  meant  nothing  to 
ordinary  people,  by  reason  of  the  fact 
tliat  the  schismatics  lived  in  the  dim 
and  far-off  lands  of  the  Mohammedan 
infidels.  Christendom,  to  the  average 
Englishman,  was  undivided  and  in- 
divisible. Here  and  there  kings  and 
bishops  might  quarrel,  a  monastery 
might  be  suppressed  for  laxity  or  as  a 
superfluity,  a  realm  might  even  lie  for 
a  brief  Avhile  under  an  interdict :  but 
these  caprices  no  more  suggested  out- 
and-out  schism  than  would  the  tiffs  of 
a  man  and  his  wife  in  those  days  have 
suggested  divorce.  In  another  column 
of  the  Tablet  a  contributor  gives  some 
extracts  from  a  sixteenth-centurj^ 
poem,  which  reflects  the  general  be- 
wilderment in  face  of  something  new 
under  the  sun.  The  accentuation  of 
Henry's  heresies  under  the  short-lived 
Edward,  and  the  return  to  Catholic  life 
under  Mary,  caused  people  to  think 
that  they  were  merely  witnessing  some 
turns  of  a  wheel  w^hich  would  soon  come 
to  rest  again  in  its  old  position.  The 
poor  puzzled  sheep  looked  this  way  and 
that,  patiently  waiting  for  the  tranquil 
night    and    the    warm    fold.  Then 

Elizabeth,  with  everji^hing  to  gain 
temporally  frojn  the  religious  insular- 
ity of  England,  struck  her  blow.  The 
shepherds  were  smitten  and  the  sheep 
were  scattered. 


The  Institution  of  the  Papal  Primacy 

A  writer  in  the  literary  supplement 
of  the  Ausgsburger  Postzeitung,  the 
leading  Catholic  daily  of  South  Ger- 
many, calls  attention  to  the  way  in 
which  Dr.  R.  Seeberg  in  Vol.  I  of  his 
"Lehrbuch  der  Dogmengeschichte " 
treats  the  famous  passage  in  which  St. 
Matthew  describes  the  institution  of 
the  papal  primacy  (Matth.  XVI,  18). 
It  has  been  the  custom  of  Protestant 
critics  to  reject  this  passage  as  a  for- 
gery, which  such  late  writers  as 
Iloltzmann,  Pfleiderer  and  Grill  pre- 
tend to  trace  to  the  pontificate  of  Pope 
Victor  I  (about  190  A.  D.).  Even 
Dr.  Harnack,  who  in  so  many  points 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


77 


has  returned  to  the  Catholic  tradition, 
refuses  to  admit  the  authenticity  of 
Matth.  XVI,  18,  as  it  noAv  stands.  (See 
the  Proceedings  of  the  Berlin  Academy 
of  Science,  Phil.-Hist.  Kl,  XXXII, 
1918,  pp.  637  sqq.) 

Dr.  Seeberg  follows  Zahn  in  ad- 
mitting that  the  text  is  authentic,  since 
no  text-critical  argument  can  be 
brought  against  it  and  such  diverse 
witnesses  as  Justin,  Tatian,  Tertullian, 
Origen,  the  Clementine  Homilies,  etc., 
testify  in  its  favor,  and  because  the 
text  agrees  with  the  Rabbinic  usage, 
which  would  be  inexplicable  if  it  had 
been  fabricated  at  a  later  date,  when 
the  Church  consisted  of  Hellenistic 
pagans.  Seeberg,  we  repeat,  admits 
the  authenticity  of  Matth.  XVI, 
18,  but  he  interprets  it  arbitrarily,  s-^y- 
ing  that  it  is  not  "a  canonical  eon- 
statation"  and  has  no  reference  to  the 
tribunal  of  Penance,  but  simply  means 
that  Christ  authorized  Peter  and  the 
other  Apostles  to  act  in  His  name  be- 
cause of  the  fact  that  they  were  equip- 
ped for  this  purpose  b}"  the  Holy  Spirit. 

This  theory  cannot  be  squared  with 
the  fact  that  the  bestowal  of  the  power 
to  bind  and  loose  was  couched  in  the 
words  of  a  legal  formula  which  con- 
ferred a  supreme  faculty  to  teach  and 
judge  such  as  was  enjoyed  among  the 
Jews  only  by  the  Rabban  and  his  as- 
sistants. Even  in  secular  usage  the 
formula  of  binding  and  loosing  is  em- 
ployed only  in  connection  with  the 
forgiveness  or  retention  of  sins,  and  in 
none  other.  This  compels  us  to  inter- 
pret Matth.  XVI,  18  in  the  strict 
juridical  sense,  and  quite  a  number  of 
]nodern  Protestant  critics  freely  ad- 
mit that  the  text,  taken  in  its  natural 
and  obvious  sense,  confirms  the  Cath- 
olic idea  of  the  constitution  of  the 
Church. 


If  a  little  knowledge  is  dangerous, 
where  is  the  man  who  has  so  much  as 
to  be  out  of  danger? 


Notes  and  Gleanings 

The  Pathfinder,  in  its  edition  of  Dec. 
20,  answers  the  question:  "Has  there 
ever  been  a  president  of  the  U.  S.  whose 
wife  was  a  Catholic  ? "  as  follows :  ' '  Yes, 
the  second  wife  of  John  Tyler  was  a 
convert  to  the  Catholic  religion.  Her 
maiden  name  was  Julia  Gardiner  and 
she  was  married  to  President  Tyler  in 
the  AVhite  House  in  1844.  Tyer,  who 
was  himself  an  Episcopalian,  was  a 
close  personal  friend  of  Charles 
Constantine  Pise,  the  first  and  only 
Catholic  priest  who  has  ever  served  as 
chaplain  of  the  U.  S.  Senate."  Which 
proves  at  least  this  much,  that  Cath- 
olics have  lived  in  the  White  House 
without  harm  to  the  country.  Who  can 
give  us  some  more  information  about 
the  second  Mrs.   Tvlerf 


A  great  Catholic  scholar  passed 
away,  and  the  cause  of  experimental 
phonetics  suffered  a  serious  loss,  when 
Canon  Pierre  Rousselot  died  recently 
in  Paris.  He  was  one  of  the  many 
priest-scientists  that  France  has  pro- 
duced in  such  great  numbers  during 
the  last  century.  The  Abbe  Rousselot 
is  regarded  as  the  creator  of  the  science 
of  experimental  phonetics  and  invented 
many  instruments  that  are  now  used 
in  the  laboratories  for  the  analysis  and 
recording  of  the  sounds  of  the  human 
■^'oice. 


The  direst  misery  is  the  result  of  a 
self-centred  life,  Unhappiness  cannot 
exist  in  its  keenest  form  where  self  is 
forgotten. 


AVhat  is  known  as  the  Ryan-Callahan 
plan  of  profit-sharing  worked  out  in 
(>ne  factory  as  follows  in  1924:  The  in- 
vestment was  $430,948.  The  total  sales 
were  $1,467,948.  After  deducting  sis 
per  cent  on  the  investment  as  "wages 
to  capital,"  the  remainder  of  the  profits 
($114,782)  was  divided  into  two  equal 
halves,  $57,391  going  to  the  owners 
and  $57,391  to  the  workers,  which  was 
equivalent  to  171^  per  cent  of  their 
wages.  In  addition  to  the  invested 
capital  of  $430,000,  there  is  $220,000 
preferred  stock,  and  as  the  company 
has  no  liabilities,  this  stock  is  a  gilt- 
edged  investment  for  the  workers,  on 
w^hicli  they  receive  dividends  semi-an- 
nually. This  shows  what  can  be  done 
towards  elevating  the  wage  system  to 


78 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY   EEVIEW 


February   15 


a  higher  plaue.  It  is  not  surprising 
to  learn  that  positions  in  that  concern 
are  much  souglit  after  and  seldom  be- 
come vacant. 


Dr.  Foakes  Jackson,  in  his  recently 
j)ublished  "Studies  in  the  Life  of  the 
Early  Church"  (London:  Hodder  & 
Stoughton),  follows  Kirsopp  Lake  and 
other  Protestaiit  scholars  in  recognizing 
that  Catholic  Christianity  is  not  a  late 
accretion,  but  is  primitive.  Critics  have 
put  it  as  far  back  as  St.  Paul,  whose 
"sacramentalism"  is  accounted  for  as 
a  borrowing  from  the  mystery  religions 
of  contemporary  paganism.  To  these 
critics  Christ  was  merely  a  Jewish  ethi- 
cal teacher,  whose  "simple  gospel" 
was  turned  into  a  cultus  of  a  Redeemer- 
God  by  gentile  converts.  To  the  critics 
who,  like  Dr.  Foakes  Jackson,  admit 
the  presence  of  Catholicism  in  early 
Christianity,  only  one  step  remains : 
the  short  step  from  St.  Paul  to  the 
Divine  Founder. 


Dr.  Edward  Shillito  has  attempted 
a  semi-official  "interpretation"  of  the 
"Copec"  movement  in  England.  There 
is  much  that  is  useful  and  inspiring 
in  his  "Christian  Citizenship" 
(Longmans),  but  as  CatJiolic  Book 
Notes  points  out  (Vol.  II,  No.  1),  the 
book  justifies  to  the  full  the  withdrawal 
of  Catholics  from  the  "Copec"  after 
a  certain  stage  liad  been  reached.  "On 
scarcely  any  question  of  principle," 
says  our  contemporary,  "can  it  be 
said  that  any  really  definite  lead  is 
given  .  . .  The  theology  assumed  is  nec- 
essarily of  the  very  vaguest  character, 
whether  the  Atonement,  or  the  nature 
of  the  Church,  or  the  principles  under- 
lying the  obligation  of  chastity  are  in 
question.  . .  Over  and  over  again,  when 
the  crux  is  reached,  e.  g.,  with  regard 
to  war,  or  marriage,  or  birth  control, 
or  divorce,  or  the  functions  of  the 
State — subjects  on  Avhich  the  Church 
gives  the  clearest  possible  teaching — it 
has  to  be  recorded  that  at  this  point 
'agreement  Avas  no  longer  secured.'  " 
The  result  is  the  comparative  failure 
of  a  great  effort  at  social  reform.  The 
plain  moral  is  that  while  Catholics  mav 


combine  with  others  in  exposing  evils 
and  suggesting  remedies,  these  things 
are  only  palliatives.  As  the  critic  just 
quoted  says,  "we  must  do  our  best  in 
social  work  even  under  present  con- 
ditions, but .  .  .  society  will  never  be 
healed  until  the  nations  are  again 
united  in  the  one  true  fold  of  Christ." 


Speaking  of  "the  perennial  Maria 
Monk,"  ex-nun,  an  English  writer 
saj-s:  "She  is  graduallj^  becoming  the 
sole  survivor  of  the  Escaped  Nuns, 
once  a  flourishing  community.  The 
fact  is  that  nuns  are  too  familiar  an 
object  in  bus  and  tram  to  cause  excite- 
ment nowadaj'^s,  and  there  seems  to  be 
a  general  idea  that  if  a  nun  wants  to 
escape  and  doesn't,  it  can  only  be  be- 
cause she  she  is  too  lazy  to  open  the 
door  and  walk  out."  Nevertheless,  in 
this  country,  there  are  still  a  few  ex- 
nuns  plying  their  trade,  though  to 
judge  from  the  revelations  made  by 
Our  Sunday  Visitor,  most  of  them  are 
fake  specimens  and  the  genuine  ex-nun 
is  becoming  as  rare  a  bird  here  as  in 
England.  

The  English  Catholic  Truth  Society, 
in  a  statement  on  "AVhat  People 
Read,"  explains  why  it  also  publishes 
fiction,  though  some  people  think  it  is 
waste  to  print  stories  and  the  money 
had  better  be  spent  on  doctrinal  pam- 
phlets. The  statement  says  that  there 
is  a  demand  for  fiction  on  the  part  es- 
pecially of  young  people,  and  if  the 
Society  would  not  cater  to  this  demand, 
it  would  lose  a  certain  class  of  readers 
entirely.  "Fiction  has  its  uses.  Pleas- 
ant tales  have  the  gift  of  making  piety 
seem  possible  and  good  deeds  attractive 
— which  is  not  always  done  in  lives  of 
the  Saints.  . . .  There  are  all  manner 
of  possibilities  in  a  good  story  . .  .  The 
faith  becomes  a  thing  to  die  for,  and  so, 
logically,  a  thing  to  live  for,  too.  Once 
hero-w^orship  is  established,  or  put  more 
in  terms  of  Catholic  thought, . . .  the 
road  to  'spiritual  reading'  lies  straight 
ahead.'' 


It  will  be  news  to  many  that  Lola 
Montez,  the  mistress  of  Franz  Liszt 
and  later  favorite  of  King  Louis  I  of 


1925 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


79 


Bavaria,  who  played  such  a  sensational 
role  in  the  history  of  Germany  and 
Switzerland,  died  and  was  buried  in 
the  U.  S.  In  a  review  of  a  new  bio- 
graphy of  this  famous  courtesan  by 
E,  B.  d'Auvergne  ("Lola  Montez:  An 
Adventuress  of  the  Forties;"  New 
York:  Brentano)  Charles  Willis 
Thompson  says  in  the  iV.  Y.  Times  Book 
Review  (Jan.  4.  p.  6)  :  "After  her 
stage  experiences  and  her  career  as  a 
lecturer  Lola  repented  and  'got  re- 
ligion.' Her  last  years  were  spent  in 
supplication  for  forgiveness  at  the 
Throne  of  Grace.  These  last  years 
were  spent  in  New  York;  the  United 
States  was  her  favorite  country,  and 
she  now  lies  in  Greenwood  Cemetery. 
Pathetically  enough,  her  epitaph  bears 
the  name  'Mrs.  Eliza  Gilbert,'  as  if 
she  had  wished  to  forg^et  the  sin-stained 
name  of  Lola,  though  both  were  really 
her  names.  Gilbert  was  her  maiden 
name,  and  represented  in  her  mind  the 
days  of  her  innocence.  She  was  Irish 
born,  of  an  officer  in  a  Scotch  regiment 
and  his  wife,  who  was  of  Spanish 
descent.  Her  sins  were  those  of  a  wild, 
unfettered  and  passionate  woman." 

Commenting  on  Theodore  Roosevelt 's 
utterances  about  religion,  as  set  down 
by  Major  Archibald  Butt  in  his  letters, 
recently  edited  by  Lawrence  F.  Abbott 
(Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.),  Prof.  Allen 
S.  Will,  of  Columbia  University,  says 
in  the  January  Catholic  World  (p.  563) 
that  these  are  casual  remarks  which 
must  be  considered  in  connection  wath 
the  Colonel's  more  deliberate  utter- 
ances on  the  same  subject.  Thus  when 
Roosevelt  is  quoted  as  saying,  "I  have 
no  sympathy  with  the  Roman  Catholic 
faith  or  the  extreme  ritualistic  end 
of  my  wife's  faith,"  the  context,  in 
Prof.  Will's  opinion,  shows  that  he 
meant  to  utter  no  such  sweeping  state- 
ment, but  rather  to  express  a  vigorous 
personal  preference  for  evangelical 
Protestantism,  to  which  he  adhered. 
"Against  this  and  similar  random  re- 
marks must  be  balanced  many  things, 
including  his  warm  friendship  for  and 
cooperation  with  Cardinal  Gibbons,  ex- 
hibited on  many  occasions,  and  his  dec- 
larations   in    his    letter    on    religious 


tolerance  written  Nov.  4,  1908,  in  which 
he  predicted  with  great  assent  that 
more  than  one  future  American  presi- 
dent would  be  a  Catholic." 


In  the  Duhlin  Beview  Msgr.  Hook, 
himself  of  Wales  and  a  Welsh  scholar, 
tells  us  about  "A  Welsh  Medieval 
Mystic,"  from  Avhom  he  makes  quota- 
tions which  remind  one  of  Francis 
Thompson's  "Hound  of  Heaven."  The 
mystic  was  lorwerth  Ddu  Offeiriad, 
or,  as  we  should  say,  Black  Edward 
the  Priest.  lorwerth  was  a  Crusader 
in  the  end  of  the  twelfth  century.  He 
afterwards  fought  bravely  at  home 
under  Llewelyn  the  Great,  who  died 
about  1240.  lorwerth  favored  the 
Celtic  way  of  conducting  an  argument. 
When  a  fellow-soldier  criticized  the 
Pope's  politics,  "I  [says  he],  being 
mightily  incensed  by  such  lies,  with 
my  staff  did  dint  his  head,  to  his  no 
little  confusion."  And  he  offered  to 
give  equal  enlightenment  to  any  other 
man  in  the  company. 


Dr.  E.  E.  Slosson,  in  his  book  "Keep- 
ing Up  W^ith  Science"  (Harcourt, 
Brace  &  Co.),  tells  of  a  man  who  has 
a  marvelous  memory.  He  remembers 
the  license  number  of  every  automobile 
that  passes  his  window.  He  can  repeat 
these  numbers  without  effort  on  all 
occasions — and  he  is  always  right. 
"But,"  asks  the  wa-iter,  "is  the 
memory  a  really  serviceable  one?"  It 
would  appear  that  the  answer  is,  "It 
is  not,"  for  this  remarkable  man  is  a 
patient  in  a  lunatic  asylum.  This  is 
by  way  of  introducing  the  system  rec- 
ommended by  the  author  for  memory 
training.  Good  memory,  it  seems,  is 
the  art  of  getting  clear  impressions — 
and  retaining  them.  The  meat  of  it 
appears  to  be  a  matter  of  forgetting 
that  which  is  useless  and  paying  deep 
and  slow  attention  to  that  which  it  is 
desirable  to  remember.  Make  an  effort 
of  attention  to  secure  clearness  in 
everything  and  you  will  soon  see  a 
general  improvement  in  your  memory, 
says  Dr.  Slosson.  The  best  way  to 
conserve  and  develop  the  memory,  he 
adds,  is  to  use  it  rationally  and  fre- 
quently. 


80 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY   REVIEW 


February   15 


Correspondence 


Against  the  Child  Labor  Amendment 

To  the  Editor:  — 

Much  has  been  said  and  written  recently, 
either  in  favor  or  in  denunciation  of  the  pro- 
posed Child  Labor  Amendment,  intended  to 
ffive  the  Federal  Govcr7an?ent  authority  to 
regulate,  restrict,  or  prohibit  labor  of  all  per- 
sons under  18  years  of  age.  The  2:)rincipal 
reason  why,  at  this  writing,  13  States  have 
rejected  the  proposition  seems  to  be  the  fear 
of  Federal  usurjiation  of  State  rights.  But 
a  much  more  practical  reason  why  such  a 
measure  should  be  defeated  by  the  individual 
States  is  the  good  of  our  young  men,  inas- 
much as  it  may  result  in  turning  many  of 
them  into  professional  hoboes.  For,  unwill- 
ing to  go  to  school  and  prohibited  by  law 
from  seeking  proper  employment,  what  else 
can  they  be  expected  to  do  but  to  idle  away 
their  time  or  spend  it  in  doing  mischief?  And 
the  good  of  our  young  people  is  primarily  to 
be  considered,  we  think. 

What  we  suspected  from  the  beginning  of 
the  agitation  in  favor  of  this  proposed 
amendment  we  now  know  to  be  true,  namely, 
that  the  American  Federation  of  Labor  is 
behind  this  measure,  by  the  passing  of  which 
it  hopes  to  create  a  shortage  of  labor,  and, 
logically,  higher  wages. 

This  is  one  of  the  unfair  means  adopted  by 
organized  labor  to  enforce  their  demands. 
Restriction  of  apprenticeships  in  railroad  ma- 
chine shops  is,  or  was,  another.  It  may  be 
interesting  to  the  readers  of  the  F.  R.  to  see 
the  following  statistics  from  the  New  York 
America.  The  census  of  1920  reports  that 
there  were,  in  the  continental  United  States, 
3,173  married  boys,  118  widowed  boys,  and  35 
divorced  boys  under  15  j-ears  of  age;  5,554 
married  girls,  269  widowed  girls  and  57  di- 
vorced girls  under  15  years  of  age;  1,600  mar- 
ried and  82  widowed  or  divorced  boys,  and 
12,834  married  and  499  widowed  or  divorced 
girls  15  years  of  age;  3,222  married  and  144 
widowed  or  divorced  boys,  and  41,826  married 
and  1,268  widowed  or  divorced  girls  16  years 
of  age ;  7,699  married  and  266  widowed  or 
divorced  boys,  and  90,930  married  and  2,792 
widowed  or  divorced  girls  17  years  of  age. 
And  now  we  challenge  an3'body  to  prove  that 
it  is  not  an  insane  proposition  to  permit  boys 
and  girls  to  marry  and  become  divorced  at 
15,  16,  and  17  years  of  age  and  prohibit  tliem 
from  working  until  they  have  reached  the  18th 
year.  We  agree  with  the  editor  of  America 
that  it  would  be  an  unwise  law  which  would 
absolutely  prohibit  all  child  labor  up  to  the 
age  of  18,  regardless  of  conditions;  and  that 
such  a  proposal  is  admittedly  a  step  toward 
national  control  of  children,  of  family,  of 
births,  and  of  marriage.  And  we  may  add 
that  it  would  help  to  hasten  the  demoralization 
of  our  vouth. 


The  Chicago  American  of  Jan.  28th  informs 
us  that,  despite  the  unfavorable  outlook  at 
the  present  time,  the  plans  of  the  A.  F.  L. 
for  eventual  ratification  will  not  be  changed. 
But  let  us  hope  that  any  further  attempt  to 
l:)ring  about  such  a  calamity,  will  be  doomed 
to  failure. 
Garv,  Ind.  Fr.  A.  Bomholt 


Methodist  Activity  Among  the  Negroes 

To  the  Editor:— 

A  Methodist  minister  the  other  day  handed 
me  a  Methodist  church  bulletin  (Church  Bulle- 
tin Service,  740  Rush  Street,  Chicago,  111., 
Vol.  1,  No.  6).  Just  what  prompted  him  to 
give  it  to  me  I  cannot  say,  but  after  reading 
the  item  on  "Helping  the  Negro  to  Help  Him- 
self ' '  the  thought  came  to  me  that  perhaps 
lie  Avished  to  ' '  rub  it  in. ' '    Here  is  the  item : 

' '  Our  Methodist  Negro  schools  and  colleges 
have  registered  206,545  students  and  31,560 
graduates.  The  public  schools  of  the  South 
have  been  furnished  15,241  school  teachers. 
One  medical  college  (Meharry  Medical)  fur- 
nishes one-third  to  one-half  of  all  the  Negro 
physicians,  surgeons,  dentists,  pharmacists  for 
10,000,000  of  that  race  in  America.  One  of 
our  Negro  colleges  has  sent  out  78  ministers, 
6  missionaries,  53  doctors,  6  nurses,  14  dent- 
ists, 18  lawj'ers,  78  musicians,  430  school  teach- 
ers, and  550  business  and  professional  men." 

There  is  no  doubt  in  my  mind  that  if  what 
the  Methodists  claim  they  are  doing  for  the 
American  Negro  is  true,  the  Negro  question, 
so  far  as  the  Catholic  Church  is  concerned,  is 
settled,  if  not  for  good,  at  least  for  the  next 
century.  Considering  that  practically  all  the 
leaders  of  the  Negro  race  in  the  country  are 
nf  the  Protestant  type,  men  who  look  upon  the 
Catholic  Church  as  an  un-American  institu- 
tion, what  chance  has  the  lone  Catholic 
missionary  with  his  slender  resources?  Where 
formerly  he  had  to  contend  Avith  ignorance  and 
indifference  on  the  part  of  the  Negro  as  the 
chief  obstacles  in  the  way  of  his  conversion, 
the  missionary  must  now  prepare  to  meet  pre- 
judice   and    hostility.  F.    G. 


The   Blessed   Virgin   Mary   and   The   Alleged 
Debt  of  Sin 

To  the  Editor:  — 

I  was  kindly  requested  to  answer  the  arti- 
cles published  under  this  heading  by  Fr.  F. 
O  'Neill  in  the  Irish  Ecclesiastical  Record — a 
resume  of  them  by  A.  R.  having  appeared  in 
the  January  issue  of  the  Ecclesiastical  Review. 
After  carefully  reading  the  articles  and  the 
resume  I  feel  myself  unable  to  criticize  them. 
For  any  controversy  I  could  indulge  in  must 
necessarily  be  on  theological  grounds,  and 
these  seem  to  have  not  been  trodden  by  the 
writers  in  the  above  mentioned  papers. 
Rosaryville  Theol.  Seminary, 

Ponchatoula,  La. 

P.  Lumbreras,  O.  P. 


1925 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


81 


The    Power    of    Example 

To  the  Editor:— 

A  few  days  ago  it  was  my  pleasure  to  at- 
tend a  banquet  at  the  Waldorf  Astoria  Hotel 
of  the  Citizens  Committee  of  One  Thousand. 
It  is  not  my  purpose  to  discuss  the  object  of 
this  Committee,  i.  e.,  law  observance  and  en- 
forcement, but  rather  the  meeting  itself,  as  it 
had  a  Catholic  angle. 

The  writer  was  very  active  in  Knights  of 
Columbus  circles  when  Col.  Callahan  was 
Chairman  of  the  Commission  on  Eeligious 
Prejudices,  and  was  State  Deputy  of  Xew 
York  when  he  developed  and  directed  the 
great  K.  of  C.  War  Work,  and  his  frequent  ar- 
ticles in  the  Fortnightly  Eeview  in  connec- 
tion with  prejudices  of  one  kind  or  another 
are  naturally  very  interesting  to  me,  especial- 
ly as  they  always  carry  recommendatious  and 
programmes. 

It  was  in  this  connection  that  the  meeting 
in  question  was  of  such  interest,  as  it  seemed 
to  carry  out  fully  a  recommendation  of  the 
Eeligious  Prejudice  Commission  that  was  al- 
ways emphasized  more  than  any  other,  viz; — 

"We  urge  our  members  to  become  more  in- 
timately acquainted  with  social  problems  and 
more  closely  identified  with  right  movements 
looking  to  their  solution  and  that  they  active- 
ly join  with  those  of  all  other  creeds  and 
stand  as  a  body  for  the  betterment  of  public 
morals,  the  furtherance  of  social  justice,  and 
the  best  in  citizenship. ' ' 

I  heard  this  recommendation  made  by  the 
Chairman  at  a  Supreme  Council  meeting  after 
reading  the  annual  rexsort,  and  it  was  en- 
thusiastically received  and  unanimously 
adopted  by  the  Convention.  It  has  often  oc- 
curred to  me  that  if  we  had  systematically 
gone  to  work  to  carry  out  this  programme 
throughout  the  country,  there  would  be  very 
little  prejudice  to-day.  At  least  there  would 
be  no  Ku  Klux  Klan  organization  for  law  en- 
forcement with  proscription  against  Catholics. 

But  to  return  to  our  banquet:  Mayor  Wm. 
E.  Dover,  of  Chicago,  the  second  city  of  the 
country,  was  the  guest  of  the  evening  in  the 
first  city  of  the  land.  The  object  of  the 
meeting  was  to  promote  law  observance  and 
enforcement,  which  is  the  very  essence  of 
good  citizenship.  Mayor  Dever  had  former- 
ly been  a  judge,  with  a  fine  record  of  en- 
forcement, and  now  has  a)  national  reputa- 
tion as  chief  executive  of  his  city.  He  was 
presented  to  this  meeting  by  Judge  Elbert  H. 
Gary,  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  the  United 
States  Steel  Corporation,  recognized  as  the 
leader  of  industry,  and  possibly  of  finance,  in 
this  country,  if  not  in  the  world.  No  guest 
was  ever  more  highly  complimented  for  his 
courage  and  character  and  for  possessing  all 
those  virtues  that  appeal  to  a  citizenship  that 
has  very  often  been  disappointed  and  now 
finds  a  man  who,  as  John  D.  Eockefeller  said 
of  him,  has  so  conducted  his  office  that  he 
can  look  any  man  in  the  eye  and  tell  him — 
anything. 


There  were  other  Catholics  at  the  guests' 
table;  Father  P.  J.  O'Callaghan,  formerly  of 
Chicago ;  Frank  P.  Walsh,  Chairman  of  the 
Industrial  Eelations  Commission  and  also  of 
the  American  Commission  on  Irish  Inde- 
pendence; General  John  O 'Eyan,  who  was  at 
the  head  of  New  York's  State  Militia  and 
among  the  first  in  the  War,  and  Major  Gen- 
eral E.  Lee  BuUard,  the  famous  War  General 
who  has  since  retired. 

At  other  tables  sat  a  number  of  Catholics, 
including  Dr.  John  G.  Coyle,  my  successor  as 
State  Deputy  of  the  Knights  of  Columbus  of 
New  York;  Christopher  P.  Connolly,  the 
magazine  and  story  writer;  John  D.  Moore, 
the  manufacturer  and  employer  of  Brooidyn, 
while  Col.  Callahan  had  table  Number  One 
for  a  whole  Catholic  party  of  his  own. 

The  presentation  speech  by  Judge  Gary 
and  the  address  by  Mayor  Dever  were,  of 
course,  directed  to  the  outstanding  social 
problem  of  the  time,  namely,  lack  of  law  ob- 
servance and  enforcement.  The  man  selected 
to  speak  to  that  distinguished  gathering 
(Judge  Gary  will  always  attract  to  any  meet- 
ing the  leaders  in  the  commercial  and  financial 
world)  was  a  Catholic,  and  the  address  show- 
ed his  plans  as  judge  and  mayor,  and  how  he 
was  able  to  instill  the  same  spirit  of  law  ob- 
servance and  enforcement  into  his  whole  ad- 
ministration. Certainly  here  was  a  pro 
gramme  in  keeping  with  the  above  mentioned 
recommendation,  of  "being  closely  identified 
with  right  movements  looking  to  their  solu- 
tion, joining  with  those  of  other  creeds  for 
the  betterment  of  public  morals  and  the  very 
best  in  citizenship. ' '  The  presence  of  Catho- 
lic leadership  at  such  a  meeting  is  the  most 
re-assuring  evidence  that  a  movement  of  this 
kind  has  an  undivided  support  from  citizens 
of  all  creeds,  which  will  not  allow  prejudices 
to  be  j)layed  upon,  as  is  sometimes  the  case. 

The  following  day  a  luncheon  was  given 
Mayor  Dever  at  a  down-town  club,  attended  by 
leading  bankers,  business  men,  judges,  attor- 
neys, and  many  others,  when  addresses  of  the 
most  complimentary  character  were  made  by 
Judge  Gary,  General  BuUard,  Ambassador 
Morgenthau,  Governor  Whitman,  and  others. 
As  of  the  banquet  the  day  before,  the  news- 
papers carried  full  accounts  of  this  meeting, 
while  the  Associated  Press  sent  press  notices 
of  it  to  all  the  newpapers  of  the  country, — 
all  of  which  must  have  cumulative  value  in 
convincing  the  reading  public  that  Catholics 
are  in  the  forefront  in  trying  to  solve  the 
outstanding  social  problems  of  the  day. 

While  it  is  all  an  example  first  to  Catholics 
themselves,  there  must  also  be  a  fine  re-action 
from  our  non-Catholic  fellow-citizens,  so  they 
will  have  a  deeper  sense  of  appreciation  of 
our  value  as  citizens  to  our  country. 

James  E.  Finegan, 
Past  State  Deputy  K.  of  C.  of  N.  Y. 

New  York  Citv. 


82 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY   REVIEW 


February   1 5 


Elxcerpts    from    Letters 

I  just  could  not  be  witliout  the  F.  R. — 
{liev.)  I.  C.  Weis,  C.  PP.  S.,  Eoldredge,  Neb. 

I  take  this  opportunity  to  assure  you  again 
of  the  gre^it  pleasure  I  derive  from  the  peru- 
sal of  the  F.  R.  Crescat,  florent !—{Bev.)  A. 
J.  VanderGrinten,  Union,  OMa. 

I  am  glad  to  pay  the  increased  rate  of  sub- 
scription, as  I  would  not  willingly  miss  a 
number  of  the  F.  R. — John  G.  Ewing,  De- 
partment of  Justice,  Washington,  D.  C. 

I  am  enclosing  a  draft  for  three  dollars  for 
the  F.  R.  for  the  current  year.  Needless  to 
say,  your  Review  is  more  than  worth  the 
price. —  (Bev.  Dr.)  Jno.  B.  Pleus,  Jefferson 
City,  Mo. 

I  was  much  gratified  to  see  the  response  to 
your  appeal  for  an  increase  in  the  subscrip- 
tion rate  so  generous  on  the  part  of  your 
subscribers.  Count  me  among  them. —  (Rev.) 
Fr.  Schneider,  C.  PP.  S.,  San  Antonio,  Tex. 

Enclosed  check  for  $6  to  renew  my  sub- 
scription   and    that    of The   F.    R.    is 

fully  worth  that  amount.  May  you  prosper 
and  continue  for  many  years  to  fill  the  gap 
which  so  many  of  our  so-called  Catholic 
weeklies  leave.  It  is  surely  a  very  ungrateful 
and  tiresome  job,  but  God  will  reward  you. — 
(Rev.)  B.  Held,  0.  S.  B.,  Nada,  Tex. 

If  necessary,  I  should  gladly  pay  $5  for 
my  yearly  subscription  to  the  F.  R.  I  always 
look  forward  to  your  excellent  little  magazine 
with  interest. —  (Dr.)  E.  A.  W.  Scholten,  Mil- 
waukee, Wis. 

I  gladly  pay  the  sliglit  increase  in  the  sub- 
scription price  of  the  F.  R.  to  keep  up  the 
good  work.  May  God  prosper  it  more  and 
more  every  year!  —  (iter.)  Fr.  Theodosius,  0. 
S.  B.,  Sheffield,  Ala. 

I  send  you  the  additional  amount  very  glad- 
ly and  regret  that  I  cannot  do  more.  I  should 
be  sorry  to  see  the  F.  R.  go  under. —  (Rev.) 
W.  H.  Walsh,  S.  J.,  Seven  Springs,  Monroe 
P.  0.,  N.  ¥. 

Find  enclosed  $3  for  your  esteemed  F.  R. 
It  is  one  of  the  best  magazines  that  comes  to 
my  table,  and  I  gladly  pay  the  raise  in  sub- 
scription.—  (Rev.)    F.  J.  Springer,  Roy,  Ore. 

Of  all  the  papers  and  magazines  that  I  sub- 
scribe to,  I  consider  the  F.  R.  the  best  and 
most  enjoyable.  I  wish  it  were  a  weekly.  $3 
a  year  is  surely  not  too  much  for  a  paper 
which  supplies  its  readers  with  bits  of  infor- 
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life  and  continue  doing  good  in  its  own  Avay. 
—  (Rev.)  D.  A.  Diederich,  Fvanston,  III. 

The  enclosed  check  is  intended  as  a  lift 
to  the  spicy  F.  R.  and  to  cheer  its  dauntless, 
noble-hearted  editor.  Ad  multos  annos! — (Rt. 
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THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


83 


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See  the  short  article  on  the  subject  in  the 
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s.  V.  "  Anima  ChriMi." — A  Philadelphia 
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84 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


February   15 


BOOK  REVIEWS 


Chapters    in    Social    History 

Father  H.  S.  Spalding,  S.  J.,  has  made  a 
beginning  for  something  our  teac-hers  and  stu- 
dents of  social  science  have  long  desired — a 
series  o£  works  in  sociology,  up-to-date  and 
practical  and,  at  the  same  time,  leased  on 
sound  Catholic  ethics.  His  first  Avork  has  al- 
ready found  favor  with  many  teachers.  It  is 
entitled,  ''Introduction  to  Social  Scrvii-e. " 
The  second  has  just  been  published  under  the 
title  "Chapters  in  Social  History"  {D.  C. 
Heath  &  Company).  The  third  will  be  on 
' '  Present-day  Social  Problems. ' '  In  this  sec- 
ond volume  we  have  a  book  which  our  Catholic 
teachers  of  social  ethics,  of  sociology,  and 
even  of  political  economy,  will  welcome  and 
use  in  their  courses.  It  bears  favorable  com- 
parison with  similar  volumes  which  have  been 
issued  during  the  last  four  or  five  years  by 
non-Catholic  teachers  of  sociology  in  our 
American  universities.  We  well  know  how 
grudgingly  these  men  sometimes  give  credit 
to  the  mighty  and  far-reaching  social  under- 
takings set  afoot  in  days  gone  by  by  the 
Church  and  by  her  religious  orders.  Father 
Spalding  clearly  sets  forth  the  glorious  record 
of  Catholic  works  launched  by  Catholic  agen- 
cies centuries  before  the  rise  of  modern  scien-. 
tific  philanthropy — a  record  of  which  we  have 
reason  to  be  proud.  "Laying  the  Foundation 
of  the  New  Social  Order  in  Europe, "  "  Care 
of  the  Sick, "  "  The  Guild  System,  "  "  A  Por- 
trayal of  Social  Life  in  the  Fourteenth 
(Jentury, "  "  Social  Work  of  the  Missions, ' ' 
etc.,  are  some  of  the  interesting  chapter-head- 
ings. One  point  deserves  especial  mention.  This 
is  the  searching  and  really  thought-provoking 
set  of  questions  following  most  of  the  chap- 
ters. The  present  reviewer  and  his  students 
have  tried  to  use  some  of  the  questions  ac- 
companying a  certain  other  text  on  sociology, 
and  have  more  than  once  been  led  to  ask : 
"What  in  the  world  is  he  driving  at?'' 
Father  Spalding 's  questions  are  a  decided  help 
to  the  teacher,  and  the  student  will  always 
be  led  into  fruitful  paths  by  searching  for 
their  answers. — A.  M. 


Literary  Briefs 

— We  are  indebted  to  the  Et.  Eev. 
Archabbot  Aurelius  Stehle,  0.  S.  B.,  of  St. 
Vincent  Archabbey,  for  a  copy  of  a  very  in- 
teresting pamphlet  titled,  "The  Catholic  Uni- 
versity of  Peking. ' '  The  institution  named, 
as  some  of  our  readers  may  not  yet  be  aware, 
has  been  founded  recently  in  the  capital  of 
China,  at  the  special  request  of  the  Holy  See, 
by  the  American  Cassinese  Congregation  of 
the  Benedictine  Order,  the  abbots  of  which 
have  designated  St.  Vincent  Archabbey  as 
the  leader  and  principal  agent  in  this  import- 
ant and  difficult  undertaking.  The  present 
pamphlet  tells  the  story  of  the  foundation  and 
echoes  the  appeal  of  the  S.  Congregation  of 


SECOND  HAND  BOOKS  FOR  SALE 

(Terms:    Cash    with    Order;    Postage   Pre- 
paid to  any  Part  of  the  U.  S.) 


Fatlier  Tim's  Talks  With  People  He  Met. 
By  C.  D.  Mclnniry,  C.  SS.  E.  Vol.  V.  St. 
Louis,  1925.     80  cts. 

Pri'iiss,  Arthur.  Etude  sur  la  Frane- 
^Nlaconnerie  Aniericaine.  Ouvrago  Traduit 
sur  la  2e  ed.  Aniericaine  par  Mile.  A. 
FJarrault.  Paris,  1912.  $1.  (Paper  cov- 
ers). 

Whelan,  John  A.,  O.  S.  A.  Sermons.  N.  Y., 
1924.  $1.25. 

He  Heredia,  C.  M.  (S.  J.)  Spiritism  and 
i'oiiimon  Sense.     N.  Y.,  1922.     $1.50 

Dctweiler,  F.  G.  The  Negro  Press  in  the 
I'nited  States.  Chicago,  1922.  $2. 

Smith,  A.  Lapthorne,  (M.  D.)  How  to  Be 
[''seful  and  Happy  from.  Sixf  v  to  Ninety. 
2nd  ed.  London,  1922.  $1.35.  " 

Oiirner,  K.  Die  Stunde  des  Kindes.  Kinder- 
predigten  von  K.  Dorner,  Konst.  Brettle, 
F.  J.  Brecht,  F.  X.  Huber.  Freiburg  i.  B., 
1924.     $1.25. 

Polile-Preuss,  The  Sacraments,  Vol.  IV; 
Extreme  Unction,  Holy  Orders,  Matri- 
monv.  3rd  revised  ed.  St.  Louis,  1920. 
$1.50. 

Snow,  Abbot  (0.  S.  B.)  St.  Gregory  the 
Great,  His  Work  and  Spirit.  2nd  ed. 
London,  1924.     $2. 

Camm,  Dom  Bede  (O.  S.  B.)  Tyburn  and  the 
English  Martyrs.  3rd  ed.,  revised  and  en- 
larged.    London,  1924.     75  cts. 

Hoss,  Anton  (S.  J.)  P.  Philip  Jeningen,  S. 
.!.,  ein  Volksmissionar  und  Mystiker  des 
17.  Jahrhunderts.  Nacli  den  Quellen 
bearbcitet.  Mit  9  Text  und  7  Tafelbildern. 
Freiburg  i.  B.,  1924.     $1.50. 

Index  Librorum  Prohibitorum  Smi.  D.  N. 
Leonis  XIII  iussu  et  auctoritate  editus. 
Eome,  1900.  $1. 

Bainvel,  J.  (S.  J.)  Devotion  to  the  Sacred 
Heart  of  Jesus,  its  History  and  Theology. 
Tr.  by  E.  Leahv,  ed.  by  Eev.  Geo.  O  'Neill, 
S.  J.  London,  1924.    $2.50. 

Conway,  Placid,  O.  P.  The  Lives  of  the 
Brethren  of  the  Order  of  Preachers,  1206 
— 1259.  Edited  with  Notes  and  an  Intro- 
duction by  Fr.  Bede  Jarrett,  O.  P.  London. 
1924.     $1.35. 

Williams,  Jos.  J.  (S.  J.)  Y^earning  for  God. 
The  Path  to  Peace  of  the  Soul.  N.  Y., 
1924.     $1.10. 

Alphonsus,  St.  The  Mysteries  of  the  Faith 
and  the  Eedemption.  Eeflections,  Medi- 
tations, and  Devotions,  Ed.  by  the  Late 
Bishop  Coffin.     London,   1924.   $2. 

Pohle-Preuss,  The  Sacraments,  Vol.  I:  The 
Sacraments  in  General,  Baptism,  Con- 
firmation. 4th  revised  ed.  St.  Louis,  1923. 
$1.25. 

THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 
5851    Etzel    Ave.  St.    Louis,    Mo. 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


85 


Experience  demonstrates  that 
the  better  we  understand  the  part 
which  the  Blessed  Virgin  Mary  has 
taken  in  the  w^ork  of  the  Redemp- 
tion, the  more  enhghtened  becomes 
our  knowledge  of  the  Redeemer 
Himself. 

The 

"Life  of  the  Blessed  Virgin'* 

by 

Father  Erull,  C.  FP.  S. 

is  based  upon  historical  facts  and, 
therefore,  a  most  suitable  book  to 
broaden  our  knowledge  of  the 
Mother    of   Christ    and    her    Divine 


This  book  is  for  sale  at  all  Catholic 
book  stores  or  may  be  ordered  directly 
from  the  publisher. 

JOHN  W.  WINTERICH,  Cleveland"  "o.' 

Price  per  copy,   $0.75. 


Victor  J.  Klutho 

Architect  and 
Superintendent 

Churches,  Schools,  and  Institutions 

Syndicate  Trust  Building 
Tenth  and  Olive  Streets 
Saint    Louis,  Missouri 

Illinois  Licensed  Engineer 

EMIL  FREI  ART  GLASS  GO. 

Stained  Glass  Windows 

and 

Glass  Mosaics 

Munich      -      St.  Louis      -      New  York 
Address  3934  S.  Grand  Blvd.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 


MISSIONARY    SISTERS 

Numerous  Sisters  are  needed  in  our 
foreign  fields.  For  details  in  regard  to 
admission  into  the  Community  of  the  Mis- 
sionary Sisters,  Servants  of  the  Holy 
Ghost,  write  to  Sister  Provincial,  Holy 
Ghost  Convent,   Techny,  111. 


the  Propaganda  to  all  the  bishops  and  faith- 
ful, especially  of  America,  in  favor  of  this 
work,  which  is  of  very  great  importance  be- 
cause there  are  already  five  non-Catholic  ■uni- 
versities in  Peking,  and  the  present  industrial 
and  educational  crisis  in  China  makes  it  im- 
perative that  the  Catholic  Church  should  inter- 
vene for  the  purpose  of  rescuing  that  unfor- 
tunate nation  from  the  greed  of  its  ex- 
ploiters and  the  fanaticism  of  its  so-called  re- 
formers. "Without  her  [the  Church's]  saving 
influence, ' '  the  author  rightly  says,  ' '  the  art 
and  culture  of  China  are  doomed  to  perish, 
and  with  them  the  soul  of  that  mighty  and 
ancient  people. ' '  No  better  agency  could 
have  been  selected  for  this  eminently  Catholic 
task  than  the  Order  of  St.  Benedict,  whose 
members  during  the  early  Middle  Ages  pre- 
served and  Christianized  the  literature,  art, 
and  philosophy  of  Europe.  Let  us  hope  and 
pray  that  the  liberal  support  of  the  faithful 
will  not  fail  them  in  this  ' '  magnum  opus, ' ' 
which,  in  the  words  of  the  S.  Congregation  of 
the  Propaganda,  is  as  difficult  as  it  is  nec- 
essary. Copies  of  this  important  brochure 
can  be  had  from  the  Archabbey  Press,  Beatty, 
Pa. 

— ' '  Die  Apostolischen  Vater, ' '  by  the  Eev. 
Prof.  Dr.  Karl  Bihlmeyer,  of  the  University 
of  Tiibingen,  whom  we  are  proud  to  number 
among  our  occasional  contributors,  is  a  new 
edition  of  the  late  Dr.  FunV,:*s  work  of  the 
same  title,  first  published  in  1901  and  again 
in  1906.  The  new  edition,  while  it  does  not 
renege  its  origin,  is  in  more  than  one  respect 
a  new  work.  Dr.  Bihlmeyer  has  revised  the 
text  in  the  light  of  the  most  recent  discover- 
ies and  added  a  text-critical  apparatus,  which 
will  prove  helpful  to  more  advanced  students. 
Xo  less  than  110  emendations  have  been 
made  in  the  text  of  the  Didaciie,  the  Epistle 
of  Barnabas,  the  Clementines,  the  Epistles  of 
St.  Ignatius,  the  Epistle  of  St.  Polycarp  and 
the  Martyrium  Polycarpi,  the  Papias  and 
Quadratus  fragments,  and  the  Epistle  to 
Diognetus,  which  form  the  first  volume  of 
the  present  edition.  (The  Shepherd  of  Hernias 
will  constitute  the  second.)  Punk's  critical 
Prolegomena  have  been  entirely  reAvritten  and 
brought  up  to  date.  The  new  edition,  like 
the  old,  is  designed  in  usum  scholafum,  and 
must  be  judged  from  that  point  of  view.  We 
have  no  doubt  that  it  will  most  efficiently 
serve  its  purpose,  which  is  "to  introduce 
young  students  of  theology  to  the  'wonderful 
world  of  thought  of  the  Apostolic  Fathers." 
(Tubingen:   J.  C.  B.  Mohr   [Paul  Siebeck]). 

— The  second  volume  of  Dr.  P.  Boylan's 
work,  ' '  The  Psalms :  A  Study  of  the  Vulgate 
Psalter  in  the  Liight  of  the  Hebrew  Text ' ' 
(B.  Herder  Book  Co.)  comprising  Ps.  LXXII 
to  CL,  more  than  fulfills  the  promise  of  Vol. 
I,  which  appeared  in  1920.  The  learned  au- 
thor, while  paying  as  much  attention  as  be- 
fore to  the  translation,  treats  more  fully  of 
the  probable   occasion,  the  literary  structure 


86 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY   REVIEW 


February  15 


Do  You  Contemplate 

a  New  Church  or  School? 

Our  Architectural  Department  is  especially  qualified  to  serve  you.  Mr.  Louis 
Preuss  is  in  charge  of  this  department.  He  is  of  mature  years.  His  knowledge  of 
architecture  rests  not  alone  on  his  practical  training  and  European  studies,  but 
also  on  many  years  of  experience  in  prominent  architectural  offices  and  in  the 
practice  of  architecture  under  his  own  name.  His  early  training,  the  knowledge 
gained  in  his  studies  abroad,  and  his  wide  experience  unquestionably  place  Mr. 
Preuss  in  the  foremost  rank  of  American  architectural  designers,  especially  for 
religious   art. 

Widmer  Engineers  render  such  cooperation  as  is  necessary  to  the  Architectural 
Department,  and  Widmer  field  forces  are  at  your  disposal  if  you  desire  them.  Thus, 
one  master  organization  may  handle  your  entire  project. 

Our  method  of  operating  not  only  tends  towards  efficiency  through  quick 
completion  of  your  building,  but  also  eliminates  pyramiding  of  architects',  engi- 
neers', sub-contractors'  and  general  contractors'  fees.  It  centralizes  the  re- 
sponsibility. It  effects  substantial  savings.  The  cost  of  your  building  can  be  guaran- 
teed before  you  start. 

An  interview  involves  no  obligation.      Write  or  telephone   us. 

WIDMER  ENGINEERING  CO. 

Architects  —  Engineers 
LACLEDE  GAS  BLDG.  ST.  LOUIS,  MO. 


and  thought  sequence,  as  well  as  the  doc- 
trinal implications  of  each  psalm.  There  is 
a  sujDerabundanee  of  references  to  parallel 
passages,  doctrinal,  linguistic,  and  historical, 
and  the  latest  replies  of  the  Biblical  Com- 
mission are  given  in  an  appendix.  Priests 
will  find  the  book  a  valuable  aid  to  the  Intel- 
ligent recitation  of  the  Breviary. 

— ' '  Beardless  Counsellors, ' '  by  Cecily 
Hallack  (Herder),  is  a  British  novel  about 
boys,  with  plenty  of  love-interest  and  en- 
dowed ^^^th  qualities  of  virility  and  humor 
that  raise  it  far  above  the  ordinary.  It  is  a 
novel  for  those  who  want  ' '  something  differ- 
ent. ■ ' 

— Mr.  Humphrey  J.  Desmond,  in  his  "Curi- 
ous Chapters  in  American  History,"  deals 
with  tAventy-six  such  interesting  topics  as. 
How  the  name  America  came  to  be  applied 
to  this  country,  the  Capt.  Kidd  legend,  the 
Colonial  Irish,  the  Quebec  Act,  whether  the 
American  Revolution  Avas  the  will  of  the  ma- 
jority, the  religious  liberty  amendment,  Aaron 
Burr 's  opera  bouffe  conspiracy,  American 
panic  periods,  the  Whitman  legend,  Anti- 
Masonry  in  American  politics,  the  jingo  cry 
of  1844  ("Fifty-Four  Forty  or  Fight"),  the 
case  of  Mrs.  Surratt,  the  original  Ku  Klux 
Klan,  Avhy  the  IT.  S.  took  the  Philippines, 
etc.  The  author  is  not  a  historian,  but  a 
lawyer-editor,  and  Avhile  his  conclusions  may 


not  all  stand  the  serutinj-  of  the  professional 
historian,  they  are  based  on  wide  reading  and 
careful  study,  and  presented  in  that  sprightly 
style  Avith  Avhich  readers  of  the  Mihvaukee 
Catholic  Citisen  are  familiar.  In  a  second 
edition  the  \'alue  of  the  neatly  printed  volume 
could  be  enhanced  by  adding  more  frequent 
refei'ences,  especially  in  cases  Avhere  Mr. 
Desmond  disagrees  Avith  other  Avriters,  as  he 
sometimes  does.      (B.  Herder  Book  Co.) 

— Lovers  of  Ernest  Hello  A\'ill  be  glad  to 
have  their  attention  called  to  Pierre  Guilloux's 
"Les  Plus  Belles  Pages  d 'Ernest  Hello" 
(Paris:  Perrin  et  Cie.),  A\hicli  contains  the 
cream  of  that  profound  author's  AA'ritings 
Avithin  a  small  comjiass. 

— Father  EdAvard  F.  Garesche  's  rare  gift 
of  gently  leading  his  readers  from  the  obser- 
A'ation  of  earthly  things  to  the  contemplation 
of  their  hidden  supernatural  meaning,  of 
' '  finding  God  beneath  His  handiAvork, ' '  is 
Avell  exemplified  in  his  latest  book,  ' '  God  in 
His  World, ' '  Avhieh  has  for  its  f rameAvork  a 
description  of  the  author 's  recent  trip  to 
Europe.  The  ocean,  the  Arc  de  Triomphe, 
Giotto 's  ToAver,  the  ancient  palace  at  Avig- 
non, St.  Peter's  Basilica,  and  other  famous 
scenes  afford  him  rich  material  for  his  de- 
scriptive poAvers  and  occasions  for  rising  from 
the  seen  to  the  unseen,  for  penetrating  through 
the   material  to   the   spiritual,   for  using   the 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


87 


charm  and  splendor  of  beautiful  objects  to 
rise  to  the  contemplation  of  the  Absolute. 
The  book  can  be  warmly  recommended  for 
spiritual  reading  of  the  lighter  kind.  (Ben- 
ziger  Bros.) 

— In  ' '  The  Local  Press  and  Parish  Pub- 
licity, ' '  which  forms  No.  20  of  his  ' '  Parish 
Information  Service,"  the  resourceful  Father 
George  Nell  suggests  a  method  of  training 
parishioners  to  help  the  pastor  co-operate  with 
the  local  newspapers  in  bringing  parish  news 
items  and  general  Catholic  information  to 
the  notice  of  their  readers,  thus  influencing  the 
formation  of  a  correct  public  opinion  about 
the  parish  and  its  work,  assuring  a  better  un 
derstanding  of  the  Church  by  the  general 
public,  and  promoting  intelligent  co-operation 
in  parish  and  conmiunity  activities.  The  pam- 
phlet contains  many  useful  hints  and  its  judic- 
ious use  will  prove  helpful  in  extending  the 
work  of  the  apostolate  of  the  press  to  a  good- 
ly portion  of  the  secular,  especially  the  small- 
town,  newspapers. 

—The  fifth  volume  of  "Father  Tim's 
Talks,"  by  the  Eev.  C.  D.  McEnniry, 
C.  SS.  R.,  deals  with  the  Ku  Klux  Klan,  the 
Rosarv,  the  Propagation  of  the  faith,  the 
Angelus  Domini,  the  Eucharistic  fast,  the 
use  of  Latin  in  the  liturgy,  and  a  number  of 
other  timely  subjects,  which  are  treated 
in  the  author's  usual  happy  way,  combining 
instruction  with  entertainment.  Some  of  the 
dialogues  in  Irish  brogue  are  delicious,  and 
the  author's  moderation  and  common  sense 
are  as  admirable  as  his  jolly  good  humor.  (B. 
Herder   Book    Co.) 


New  Books  Received 

Jesus  the  Model  of  Religious.  (Meditations 
for  Every  Day  of  the  Year.)  By  a  Religious 
of  the  Congregation  of  St.  Charles 
Borromeo.  Translated  by  a  Sister  of  Notre 
Dame  (Cleveland,  O.)  With  a  Preface  by 
Bishop  Schrembs.  2  vols,  xvii  &  695 
and  xviii  &  820  pp.  8vo.  Fr.  Pustet  Co.,  Inc. 
$7.50. 

Quinse  Ans  de  Betraites  Fermees.  Par  le  P. 
J.  P.  Archambault,  S.  J.  31  pp.  8vo.  Illus- 
trated. Montreal,  Canada:  La  Vie  Nou- 
velle. 

Charity's  Eeicard.  By  Joseph  P.  Brentano. 
A  Mission  Play  in  One  Act  for  Male  and 
Female  Characters.  Brooten,  Minn. :  Catho- 
lic Dramatic  Company.  (Rev.)  M.  Helfen. 

The  Catholic  Church  in  Virginia  {1815-1822). 
By  the  Eev.  Peter  Guilday.  xxxv  &  159  pp. 
Svo.  New  York :  The  U.'  S.  Catholic  His- 
torical Society. 

Catherine.  By  Sophie  Maude,  vi  &  248  pp. 
12mo.  Benzi.oer  Bros.  $1.75  net. 

St.  Agatha's  Church,  MeadviUe,  Pa.  Seventy- 
Five  Years  of  History,  1849-1924.  64  pp. 
large  Svo.     Illustrated. 

Dr.  Georg  Ragemann's  Logilc  und  NoetiTc.  Ein 
Leitfaden  fiir  akademische  Vorlesungen 
sowie    zuni    Selbstunterricht,      VoUstaudig 


neu  bearbeitet  von  Dr.  Adolf  Dyroff,  Pro- 
fessor an  der  ITniversitat  Bonn,  lite  und 
12te,i  verbesserte  Auflage.  viii  &  259  pp. 
8vo.  B.  Herder  Book  Co.  $1.45  net. 

The  Case  Against  the  Proposed  Child  Laior 
xj.mendment.  By  the  Staff  of  the  Central 
Bureau  of  the  Central  Verein.  (Free  Leaf- 
let No.  XXXIII).  St.  Louis,  Mo.:  Central 
Bureau  of  the  Central  Verein,  3835  West- 
minster Place. 

Jesus  Come  to  Me.  [A  Prayer  Book  for  Chil- 
dren]. 48  pp.  33mo.  Chicago:  John  P. 
Daleiden  Co.  Per  dozen,  45  ets. ;  per  100, 
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THE   FORTNIGHTLY   REVIEW 


February  15 


A  SPRINKLE  OF  SPICE 


Senator  Norbeek  (R.))  from  South  Dakota, 
tells  one  of  the  best  stories  of  the  1924  presi- 
dential campaign.  Senator  Frank  B.  Willis,  of 
Ohio,  he  says,  came  out  to  the  wheat  belt  to 
help  "keep  the  Dakotas  safe  for  Coolidge, " 
and  spoke  eloquently  one  night  in  Sioux  Falls 
on  the  theme  of  "Coolidge  or  Chaos."  Mr. 
Norbeek  was  approached  next  day  by  one  of 
his  woman  constituents,  who  exclaimed :  * '  Sen- 
ator, who's  this  fellow  Chaos?  He  must  be  a 
dangerous  citizen,  if  all  Mr.  Willis  said  about 
him  is  true.     I'm  for  Coolidge!" 


The  "bold  bad"  Buffalo  Eclio  asks  and 
answers  the  question,  "Can  a  Catholic  be  a 
Capitalist?"  The  Echo  thinks  he  can  in 
theory,  but  "how  many  of  them  actually 
are?"  Which  reminds  us  that  the  saying 
about  the  Lord  loving  the  Irish  but  giving 
money  to  the  Jews  is  a  joke  to  the  uninitiated 
only. — Providence  Visitor. 


Professor  Doyle's  recent  remarks  in  the 
N.  Y.  Times  on  "the  difficulties  of  translation 
bring  to  memory  a  few  examples.  Thus,  "un 
vrai  eoquin  ' '  was  Anglicized  into  ' '  a  truthful 
rogue;"  a  statement  describing  a  condition 
of  complete  exhaustion,  "I  was  too  far  gone 
for  that,"  appeared- in  French  as  "mais  je 
suis  alle  trop  loin  pour  cela, "  Avhile 
"1 'anglais,  avec  son  sang  froid  habituel " 
was  beautifully  rendered  as  "the  Englishman, 
with  his  usual  bloody  cold."  Again,  "das 
kam  mir  anders  vor ' '  turned  out  to  be  "  other 
things  came  before  me,"  and  "es  fiel  mir 
gerade  ein"  Avas  Englished  as  "it  bumped 
right  into  me. ' '  A  Protestant  missionary 
in  India  had  the  hymn  "Rock  of  Ages" 
translated  into  Hindustani.  On  retranslation 
into  English  by  a  student,  the  first  two  lines 
bore  this  inspiring   and  illuminating   aspect: 

' '  Very  old  stone,   split  for  my  benefit, 
Let  me  absent  myself  under  your  fragments. ' ' 

A  translation  of  "Hamlet"  into  Russian 
by  S.  A.  Wengerow  some  twenty  years  ago 
made  the  phrase,  "When  we  have  shuffled 
off  this  mortal  coil"  turn  into  "When  we 
have  shaken  off  earthly  vanity. ' ' 


Few  men  except  Diogenes  ever  went  around 
with  any  real  enthusiasm  looking  for  an 
"honest  man."  What  most  of  us  are  look- 
ing for  is  a  nice,  cheering  Ananias,  who  will 
sugar-coat  the  truth  for  us. 


An  Irishman,  coming  out  of  ether  in  the 
ward  after  an  operation,  exclaimed,  ' '  Thank 
goodness,  that's  over!"  "Don't  be  too 
sure, ' '  said  the  man  in  the  next  bed.  ' '  They 
left  a  sponge  in  me  and  had  to  cut  me  open 
again."  A  patient  on  the  other  side  said, 
"Why  they  had  to  open  me,  too,  to  find  one 
of  their  instruments. ' '  Just  then  the  surgeon 
who  had  operated  on  the  Irishman  stuck  his 
head  in  the  door  and  yelled:  "Has  anybody 
seen  my  hat?"  Pat  fainted. 


New  Publications 

The  Philosophy  of  St.  Thomas  Aquinas. 

Autliorized  Translation  from  the  Third 
Revised  Edition  of  "  Le  Thomisme" 
l)y  FAicnne  GUson.  Translated  by 
Edward  Bullough,  M.  A.  Edited  by 
Eev.  G.  A.  Elrington,  O.  P.,  D.  Sc. 
Cloth,  8vo.,  XVI  &  288  pages,  with 
frontispiece,  net  $2.25. 

The   Valley  of  Peace. 

By  Lida  L.  Coghlan.  Cloth,  8vo.,  282 
pages,  art  jacket,  net  $1.50. 

Father    Tim's    Talks    With    People    He 

Met. 

By  C.  D.  McEnniry,  C.  SS.  R.  Volume 
Five.  Cloth,  8vo.,  IV  &  185  pages,  net 

$1.00. 

The  Psalms. 

A  Study  of  the  Vulgate  Psalter  in 
the  Light  of  the  Hebrew  Text.  By  Bev. 
Patrick  Boylan,  M.  A.  Volume  Two. 
(Psalms    LXXII— CL.)     Large    8vo., 

XII  &  404  pages,  net  $6.25. 

The  Tower  to  Tyburn. 

A  London  Pilgrimage  by  P.  J. 
Chandlery,  S.  J.  Cloth  8vo.,  XII  & 
164    pages,    and    copious   illustrations, 

net   $2.25. 

Our  Pilgrimage  in   France. 

(Lisieux,  Lourdes  and  Paray-le- 
Monial).  By  the  Bev.  F.  M.  Dreves. 
Cloth,  8vo.,  256  pages,  net  $1.40. 

St.    Benedict. 

A  Character  Study.  From  the  Pen 
of  Bt.  Bev.  Ildephonse  Herwegen,  0. 
S.  B.,  Abbot  of  Maria  Laach.  Trans- 
lated by  Dom  Peter  Nugent,  O.  S.  B. 
Cloth,   8vo.,  184  pages,  net  $2.25. 

The   Cure  of   Ars. 

(The     Blessed     Jean-Baptiste     Marie 

Vianney.)        By     the  Abie      Alfred 

Monnin.      Translation  and    Notes    by 

Bertram     Wolferstan,  S.     J.     Cloth, 

large  8vo.,  558  pages,  illustrated,  net 
$6.25. 

The     Problem     of     Evil      and      Human 
Destiny. 

From  the  German  of  the  Bev.  Otto 
Zimmermann,  S.  J.,  by  the  Rev.  John 
S.  Zybura.  With  Introduction  by  the 
Right  Rev.  Joseph  Schrembs,  D.  D. 
Cloth,  8vo.,  XIV  &  135  pages,  net  90 
cents. 

The    Virtues    of    the    Divine    Child    and 
Other   Papers. 

By  the  late  Daniel  Considine,  S.  J. 
With  an  Introductory  Memoir  by  F. 
C.  Devas,  S.  J.  Cloth,  8vo.,  XXIV  & 
204  pages,  net  $2.00. 

B.  Herder  Book  Co. 

1  7     South     Broadway,     St.     Louis,     Mo. 


The  Fortnigfhtly  Review 


VOL.  XXXII,  NO.  5 


ST.  LOUIS,  MISSOURI 


March  1st,  1925 


CHRONICLE  AND  COMMENT 


The  Y.  M.  C.  A.  in  the  Orient 

La  Revue  des  Societes  Secretes,  of 
Paris,  iu  its  Vol.  XIV,  No.  3,  repro- 
duces from  the  Echo  cle  Chine  a  cor- 
respondence from  Tokyo,  signed  by 
Vicomte  Nagayama,  in  which  that  emi- 
nent Japanese  nobleman  says  that  the 
activity  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian 
Association,  if  allowed  to  go  unchecked, 
is  sure  to  lead  to  a  war  between 
Japan  and  the  United  States.  The 
Y.  M.  C.  A.,  he  says,  is  an  occult  po- 
litical force,  directed  by  the  Protest- 
ant clergy  of  America,  which,  under  a 
semi-religious  mantle,  is  conducting 
a  strong  anti-Japanese  propaganda, 
not  only  in  Japan  itself,  but  likewise 
in  Corea.  The  educational  and  social 
work  of  the  Association,  everywhere 
.directed  by  Americans,  is  calculated, 
not  to  promote  the  Christian  religion, 
but  the  temporal  advantage  of 
America.  The  Y.  M.  C.  A.  is  merely 
preparing  Japan,  and  China  as  well, 
for  exploitation  by  American  high  fi- 
nance, and  their  success  is  all  the  more 
rapid  because  they  systematically  de- 
velop in  the  natives  certain  defects  in- 
herent in  the  Asiatic  character  instead 
of  training  them  in  Christian  virtue. 
Count  Nagayama  is  convinced  that  the 
evil  caused  by  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  is  far 
greater  than  that  wrought  by  the  Ku 
Klux  Klan. 

Excavating  Ur  of  the  Chaldees 

In  Ur,  on  the  Mesopotamian  plain, 
the  joint  expedition  of  the  British 
Museum  and  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania has  cleared  out  the  debris 
which  had  gathered  about  a  Sumerian 
tower  dating  back  to  2300  B.  C,  two 
hundred  years  before  the  time  of 
Abraham.  Dated  bricks  give  an  ac- 
curate chronology  of  the  building  of 
the  tower.      Three    stairways   on   one 


side  lead  up  the  great  structure.  At 
their  top  a  red  terrace  circumscribed 
the  pile.  Above  the  terrace  was  a 
shrine  made  of  brilliant  blue  glazed 
bricks,  built  at  the  time  of  Nabonidus, 
the  Baltasar  of  Daniel,  who  lived  1500 
3'ears  after  the  Sumerians  first  put  up 
the  ziggurat,  as  they  called  these  arti- 
ficial "hills."  The  Sumerians,  it  is  be- 
lieved, came  from  a  hilly  country,  on 
Avhose  "high  places"  they  had  sacri- 
ficed to  their  gods.  Down  in  the  flat 
Mesopotamian  plain  they  still  felt  the 
need  of  getting  nearer  to  the  dome  of 
heaven  Avhen  they  worshipped  their 
divinities.  The  ziggurat  at  Vr  is  sup- 
posed to  represent  the  sort  of  tower 
that  figured  in  the  story  of  Babel. 

The  Pronunciation  of  Latin 

In  the  Journal  des  Dehats  M.  Louis 
Juglar  has  heen  discussing  interna- 
tional Latin  and  its  pronunciation.  He 
is  persuaded  that  his  fellow-country- 
men are  in  the  right  on  this  vexed 
question ;  indeed,  he  maintains  that,  so 
far  as  clearness  is  concerned,  "Latin 
pronounced  d  la  Frangaise  seems  su- 
perior to  Latin  itself,  the  nominative 
in  us  distinguishing  itself  more  easily 
from  the  accusative  plural  in  os."  M. 
Juglar  is  very  hard  on  those  who  say 
"Dominous  vohiscoum."  He  has 
counted  up  the  sung  parts  of  the  Mass 
(Gloria,  Credo,  Sanctus,  Agnus  Dei), 
and  he  finds  that  the  letter  u  recurs  109 
times.  In  only  twenty  of  these  in- 
stances is  the  u  long.  M.  Juglar  says : 
"In  pronouncing  every  u  as  ou,  in  the 
German-Italian  fashion,  one  therefore 
commits  89  serious  faults,  while  it  is 
not  certain  that  the  pronunciation  is 
correct  in  the  other  20  instances. ' ' 

We  wish  we  had  space  to  print  a 
translation  of  the  whole  article,  w^hicli 
contains  much  that  is  sound  and  not  a 
little  that  is  debatable. 


90 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


March  1 


100  Per  Cent  Americanism 

The  Irish  Statesman  (Vol.  Ill,  No. 
3)  thinks  that  the  passion  for  "100 
per  cent  Americanism"  results  from 
the  presence  in  this  country  of  so  many 
foreign  elements.  "Those  who  over- 
come these  alien  elements  in  their  na- 
ture," says  our  Dublin  contemporary, 
"in  doing  so  develop  in  the  process 
a  ferocity  of  American  nationalism 
which  arises  from  the  conflict  in  their 
own  being.  We  have  seen  the  same 
thing  in  Ireland — the  Anglo-Irishman 
in  whom  the  'Anglo'  triumphs,  is 
much  more  imperialist  than  any 
Englishman.  The  Anglo-Irish,  in 
whom  the  'Irish'  triumphs,  is  a  much 
more  intense  Nationalist  than  any 
whose  ancestry  is  Irish  for  some  gen- 
erations. .  .  .  The  admixture  of  races, 
as  Flinders  Petrie  indicated  in  his 
'  Revolutions  of  Civilization, '  makes  for 
vigor  of  character,  but  one  of  the  ele- 
ments tends  to  become  a  tyrant  over 
the  other  in  the  first  generation,  and 
this  tends  to  more  extreme  opinion 
than  is  usual  with  those  who  are  more 
at  home  in  their  nationality.  There  is 
a  great  deal  to  be  said  for  admixture 
of  races  because  of  the  vigor  of  char- 
acter developed,  but  the  first  genera- 
tion tends  to  be  unbalanced  in  its  na- 
tional loves  or  antipathies.  .  .  Neither 
the  hundred  per  cent  American  nor  the 
hundred  per  cent  Irish  gives  a  square 
deal  to  the  other  element  in  his  na- 
ture." 

The  Statesnum  thinks  that  a  third 
party  will  help  to  break  up  the  tyranny 
of  mob  opinion  and  of  the  one  hundred 
per  cent  fanatics  in  this  country.  That 
is  one  reason  among  many  others,  wh}^ 
we  voted  for  La  FoUette  in  the  recent 
campaign. 

A  Model  Catholic  Weekly 

The  Echo,  of  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  recently 
entered  upon  the  second  decade  of  its 
existence.  In  ten  short  years  this  ex- 
cellent Catholic  weekly  has  taken  its 
place  among  the  very  best  of  its  kind 
and  by  its  scholarship,  honesty,  and 
courage  has  heartened  the  relatively 
small  number  of  Catholic  editors  who 


are  valiantly  trying  to  uphold  similar 
high  standards.  The  Echo  upholds 
quality  rather  than  quantity  and  its 
every  page  is  edited  with  care  and  dis- 
crimination. What  we  particularly 
like  about  it  is  that  it  bans  nondescript 
secular  features  and  refuses  to  cater  to 
shallow  thought  and  unrefined  taste 
merely  for  the  sake  of  increasing  its 
circulation  and  advertising  revenue.  It 
is  comforting  to  learn  that  the  paper 
has  become  established  in  thousands  of 
homes,  not  only  in  its  own  environ- 
ment, but  throughout  the  country,  and 
can  enter  upon  its  second  decade  with 
the  well-founded  hope  that  it  Avill  be 
able  to  fortify  its  present  position  and 
extend  its  influence  and  usefulness  to  a 
still  wider  circle.  Yivat,  foreai,  cre- 
scat! 

Those  of  our  readers  who  are  looking 
for  a  Catholic  Aveekly  newspaper  of 
high  quality  and  sterling  honesty  will 
make  no  mistake  if  they  subsribe  for 
the  Echo.  Address:  564  Dodge  Str,, 
Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Investigating  the  Causes  of  the  War 

The  "Neutral  Commission  of  Inves- 
tigation into  the  Causes  of  the  World 
War"  is  now  fully  constituted  and  be- 
gan its  work  Jan.  1st.  It  will  apply  to 
the  governments  of  England,  France 
and  Italy  with  a  view  of  getting  access 
to  their  archives  and  appoint  a  com- 
mittee to  examine  the  genuineness  of 
all  the  documentary  evidence  avail- 
able on  the  question  of  war  guilt. 
Based  on  this  evidence  the  Commission 
will  give  its  verdict  on  this  point : 
Whether  or  not  Germany  is  the  sole 
guilty  party  of  the  World  AVar.  The 
Treaty  of  Versailles  has  been  based  on 
this  assertion,  and  it  therefore  follows 
that,  should  this  assertion  be  wrong, 
the  treaty  itself  is  morally  and  legally 
wrong,  for  which  reason  a  revision  is 
not  only  justified  but  a  sine  qua  non 
for  the  peace  of  the  world.  Such  a 
verdict  would  accordingly  form  the 
foundation  for  practical  politics  having 
as  its  end  the  revision  of  said  treaty, 
which  generally  is  considered  the  prin- 
cipal cause  of  the  misery  in  Europe, 


1925 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


91 


and  whicli,  if  it  is  not  altered,  must 
lead  to  another  war,  much  more  hor- 
rible than  the  last  one.  As  the  Neutral 
Commission  is  the  highest  court  it  is 
humanly  possible  to  create  for  such  a 
purpose,  its  verdict  will  be  accepted 
by  the  neutral  governments,  the 
English  Labor  Party,  and  others. 

It  is  estimated  that  $37,500  will  be 
necessaffy  for  executing  this  pro- 
gramme. Should  it  for  any  reason  not 
be  carried  out  the  contributed  funds 
will  be  returned  to  the  donors.  The 
American  treasurer  of  the  Neutral 
Commission  is  Mr.  C.  E.  Schlytern, 
President  of  the  Union  Bank  of 
Chicago. 

The  Bible  as  a  Masonic  Lzmdmark 

The  veneration  professed  by  many 
Freemasons  for  the  Bible  cannot  be 
honest.  The  Bible,  we  are  told,  "is  a 
Landmark  of  Masonry."  We  have 
shown  in  our  "Study  in  American 
Freemasonry"  what  this  means,  and  if 
there  Avere  any  doubt  as  to  its  mean- 
ing, that  doubt  would  vanish  in  the 
light  of  the  following  utterance  of 
Past  Grand  Master  G.  W.  Baird,  of  the 
Grand  Lodge  of  the  District  of 
Columbia : 

"A  yevy  devout  Christian  would 
call  it  [the  Landmark]  the  Holy  Bible, 
while  a  Mussulman  would  call  it  the 
Koran.  A  stuttering  brother  once  in- 
formed the  writer  in  confidence  that 
th-the  L-1-landmarks  are  so  d-d-dam- 
ned c-c-complicated  that  only  one  man 
kn-knows  them  and  he  has  f-f-forgot- 
ten. "  The  foregoing  statement  is 
quoted  amidst  laughter,  showing  Avhat 
respect  Masons  have  for  their  relig- 
ious fundamentals.  Bro.  Baird  con- 
tinues: "It  Avould  not  be  wise  or  tol- 
erant to  blend  our  oaa'u  creed  with  Ma- 
sonry, nor  try  to  improve  the  Order 
by  introducing  any  more  of  our  creed 
into  it,  for  Ave  are  at  liberty  to  ex- 
clude any  man  because  of  his  religious 
belief.  On  the  contrary,  we  declare 
in  our  first  lecture  that  we  unite  men 
of  every  country,  sect,  and  opinion, 
and  conciliate  true  friendship  among 
them  all.  The  purpose  of  the  obliga- 
tion is  to  bind  the  postulant,  and  it 


is  sophistry  to  oblige  a  Mohammedan 
on  the  Bible  or  a  Jcav  on  the  New  Test- 
ament." (Quoted  from  the  Proceed- 
ings of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia,  1918,  pp.  347  sq.) 

The  New  Journalism 

A  neAv  journalism  of  very  doubtful 
merit  has  displaced  the  excellent  pa- 
pers of  a  generation  or  more  ago.  "It 
is  a  far  cry,"  writes  Arthur  Reed 
Kimball  in  a  recent  number  of  Scrib- 
ner's,  "from  Charles  A.  Dana's  N.  Y. 
Sun  of  more  than  thirty  years  ago,  a 
model  of  the  best  journalism,  a  paper 
confined  to  four  pages,  but  containing 
in  succinct  phrase  all  the  real  ncAvs  of 
the  city  and  of  the  Avorld,  and,  above 
all,  distinguished  by  style,  to  the  bulky 
paper  of  today,  often  sloppy  in  style 
and  redundant  and  exaggerated  in 
rhetoric,  AA-ith  its  editorial  comments 
buried  on  some  inside  page,  where  they 
have  to  be  searched  out  if  the  reader 
perchance  cares  to  find  them.  This 
change,  applying  equally  to  provin-- 
cial  and  metropolitan  journalism,  is 
due  first  of  all  to  the  discovery  of  the 
value  of  display  advertising. ' ' 

The  editor  of  the  F.  R.  was  a  regular 
and  admiring  reader  of  Dana's  Sun  in 
the  heydaA^  of  its  glory,  and  later  often 
dreamed  of  a  Catholic  daily  modeled 
on  that  brilliant  ncAvspaper.  But  alas! 
the  times  have  not  been  favorable .  to 
the  realization  of  this  ideal,  and  to-day 
such  a  paper  is  entirely  out  of  the 
question.  Even  if  it  Avere  started,  the 
Catholic  public,  whose  taste  has  been 
completely  spoiled  by  the  ncAver  sen- 
sational press,  of  Avhich  Mr.  Kimball 
complains,  would  simply  refuse  to  sup- 
port it. 


SAINT  JOSEPH 


By  CJiarles  J.  QuirJc,  S.  J. 


He  who  watched  o'er  God's  young  son, 

Loves  God's  children — every  one! 

He  will,  with  a  father's  care, 

When  we're  weary,  and  Life's  done, 

Light  us  up  Death's  long  dark  stair, 

Up  to  peace  without  compare! 


92 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


March  1 


A    Comprehensive    Scheme    of    Dio- 
cesan Catholic  Charity  Work 

We  are  indebted  to  tlie  Rev.  Peter 
M.  H.  Wynhoven,  superintendent  of 
the  Board  of  Catholic  Cliarities  of 
New  Orleans,  La.,  for  a  copy  of  his 
proposed  ])rograninie  for  the  reorgan- 
ization, centralization,  and  develop- 
ment of  Catholic  charities  in  that  Arch- 
diocese. The  scheme  comprises  six  di- 
visions, to  wit:  (1)  Child  caring  insti- 
tutions, (2)  health  institutions,  (3) 
welfare  institutions,  (4)  recreational 
and  welfare  work,  (5)  professional 
social  service  organizations,  and  (6) 
bureau  organization.  The  child-caring 
institutions  have  already  been  begun. 
They  comprise  (a)  a  "Hope  Haven" 
for  boys,  under  the  management  of 
Brothers,  a  city  home  for  boys  to  com- 
plete the  training  of  brighter  pupils 
and  to  furnish  out-of-town  l^oys 
who  attend  school  or  woi'k  in 
the  city,  an  ideal  but  cheap  lodging 
place;  (b)  a  "Hope  Haven"  for  girls, 
in  charge  of  Sisters,  with  a  similar 
supplementary  "city  home;"  (c)  a 
clearing  house  or  temporary  shelter 
home  for  children  whose  cases  must  be 
investigated;  (d)  day  nurseries  in 
different  ])arts  of  the  city  to  take  care 
of  little  children  while  their  mothers 
are  out  working  during  the  day;  (e) 
a  school  for  "bad"  or  defective  boys, 
where  they  can  be  treated  and  correc- 
ted instead  of  being  sent  to  penal  in- 
stitutions; (f)  an  institution  for  the 
blind  where  the  young  can  be  schooled 
and  the  adult  dependents  taken  care 
of;  (g)  an  institution  for  feeble-mind- 
ed and  mentally  retarded  children ; 
(h)   a  school  for  deaf-mutes. 

The  health  institutions  are  to  com- 
prise a  camp  for  consumptives  and  a 
free  clinic.  The  welfare  institutions,  a 
hotel  for  unemployed  together  with  a 
free  labor  bureau ;  a  salvage  shop  and 
clothes  bureau ;  a  home  for  the  help- 
less, especially  the  mentally  defective 
and  the  aged.  The  recreational  and  wel- 
fare work  is  to  extend  to  boys  and 
girls  through  clubs,  scout  troops,  big 
brother  and  other  organizations.  The 
professional  service  organizations  are 
intended  to  furnish  legal  and  medical 


aitl,  and  Catholic  nurses  for  emergency 
Avork  among  the  poor.  Under  "Bu- 
reau Organization"  are  mentioned:  a 
staff  of  workers  under  a  supervisor  to 
carry  out  the  charity  Avork  of  the  dio- 
cese systematically  and  efficiently  and 
to  get  the  whole  charity  work  and 
social  service  SA^stem  centralized,  co- 
ordinated, directed  and  controlled  by 
the  diocesan  Board  of  Charities.  Be- 
sides the  executi\'e  committee  appoint- 
ed by  the  Archbishop  there  is  to  be  an 
advisory  board,  composed  of  one  or 
two  i-epresentatives  of  each  organiza- 
tion and  institution  Avorking  Avith  or 
under  the  direction  of  the  Bureau  of 
Catholic  Charities,  mainly  for  the  pur- 
pose of  fostering  mutual  understand- 
ing and  co-operation. 

The  Hope  Haven  Plan  in  ])articular, 
Avhich  is  already  under  Avay,  Avas  lately 
desci-ibed  at  some  length  l)y  Father 
Wynhoven  in  tlit'  ('afholic  Charifies 
Re  vie  IV  and  has  elicited  high  praise 
from  such  experts  as  Dr.  Jolni 
0 'Grady  and  the  Director  of  the  Ncav 
Oi'leans   Community   Chest. 

The  Avhole  scheme  centers  in  case  Avork 
and  family  relief  based  on  these  two 
essential  principles:  (1)  that  a  decent 
home,  no  matter  Iioav  poor,  is  better 
than  the  finest  asylum  for  any  child, 
and  (*2)  that  in  rehal)ilitating  a  family 
it  is  better  to  spend  some  money  in  the 
beginning  for  a  thorough  investi- 
gation and  planning,  and  try  to  make 
the  poor  self-supporting  rather  than 
dole  out  a  fcAv  dollars  for  relief  every 
Aveek,  Avhich  Avould  afford  no  perman- 
ent betterment  of  coiiditions. 

There  is  every  reason  to  hope  that 
Father  Wynhoven 's  scheme,  Avhich  Avas 
formality  adopted  by  Archbishop  ShaAv 
and  the  Board  of  Catholic  Charities  on 
Dec.  8,  1924,  and  is  uoav  being  grad- 
ually put  into  execution,  Avill  proA'e 
eff'ective  and  become  a  model  for  other 
dioceses,  Avhere  the  old  system  has 
proved  antiquated  and  inadequate. 

ON  THE  FEAST  OF  THE  PURIFICATION 

By  CJiarJcs  J.  Quirk,  S.  J. 
How   purify  the  purest  pure, 

Such  as  thou  art,  O  Avoman  blest 
Above  all  save  God,  His  miniature, 

Shrining  His  purity  in  thy  breast! 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


93 


The  Bible  in  the  Public  Schools 

By   Jud^e   Samuel    J.   Boldrick.    Grand   Knight.    Louisville    Council,    Knights    of    Columbus 


The  Fortnightly  Review  of  late 
has  been  makinor  reference  and  also 
carrying  some  of  the  correspondence  of 
the  distinguished  members  of  our  coun- 
cil, Colonel  P.  H.  Callahan  and  Bene- 
dict Elder.  We  are  unusually  fortunate 
in  having  with  us  in  Louisville  these 
Catholic  gentlemen  that  are  so  alert  and 
active  in  the  interest  of  Catholicity,  al- 
though their  activities  are  not  confined 
to  our  city  or  even  our  State;  they  are 
equally  well  known  as  far  away  as 
Boston  and  San  Francisco,  as  well  as  in 
all  parts  of  the  country.  Being  a  read- 
er for  a  long  while  of  the  Fortnightly, 
I  have  seen  in  your  own  columns  where 
their  observations  and  writings  have 
even  been  reviewed  by  publications  in 
Europe. 

At  the  present  time  there  is  in  many 
communities  and  States  a  movement  to 
introduce  more  religion  into  education 
which  largely  involves  the  public 
schools.  A  national  weekly  of  wide 
circulation  has  given  over  its  columns 
and  been  soliciting  plans  and  pro- 
grammes for  what  they  term  "A  Moral 
Code,"  while  in  the  State  of  Indiana,  a 
few  weeks  ago,  a  conference  of  educa- 
tors met  at  the  request  of  the  Superin- 
tendent of  Education  in  Indianapolis, 
at  which  the  Rev.  John  Cavanaugh, 
formerly  President  of  Notre  Dame, 
made  a  notable  address.  As  yet  the 
movement  is  rather  confined  to  either 
reading  or  teaching  the  Bible  in  the 
Public  Schools,  and  proposed  laws 
have  been  either  introduced  or  are 
being  discussed  in  several  States. 

Therefore  the  appended  correspon- 
dence of  Mr.  Elder  is  very  timely  and 
should  be  of  value  throughout  the 
country  to  Catholic  leaders,  cleric  and 
lay,  who  are  readers  of  your  very  in- 
teresting and  independent  publication. 
It  should  be  borne  in  mind  in  connec- 
tion with  these  letters  that  the  inquiry 
from  this  Protestant  gentleman  was 
formall}^  addressed  to  our  Council,  and 
none  of  the  officers,  nor  Mr.  Elder, 
were  acquainted  with  the  writer  there- 


of. There  have  been  instances  where 
information  under  such  circumstances 
has  been  misused,  and  some  of  us  were 
thinking  it  might  have  been  intrigue, 
but  nothing  of  this  kind  will  deter  Mr. 
Elder  from  alwaj^s  giving  a  complete 
and  accurate  reply.  A  Bible  teaching 
bill  was  in  the  Indiana  legislature  at 
the  time,  and  it  should  be  noted  that 
the  debate  was  altogether  a  Methodist 
programme  in  a  Protestant  communi- 
ty; therefore  a  unanimous  verdict  up- 
holding the  opinions  outlined  by  Mr. 
Elder  under  the  circumstances  is  sig- 
nificant,— indicating  that  our  fellow 
citizens  by  and  large,  under  normal 
conditions,  are  inclined  not  only  to  be 
reasonable  but  fair. 


MAESHALL  &  CALLIS 

Attorneys  at  Law 

Vevay,  Indiana  January  14,   1925. 

To  the  Secretary  of  The  Knights  of  Columbus, 

Louisville,    Kentucky. 
Dear  Sir: 

Being  formerly  a  Kentuckian  and  a  gradu- 
ate of  the  Jefferson  School  of  Law  of  your 
city  and  having  served  in  the  Army  and 
seen  the  splendid  service  that  your  Organiza- 
tion rendered  to  our  Country,  make  me  bold 
enough  to  request  a  favor  of  you. 

We  are  to  have  a  debate,  Sunday  January 
25,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Men's  Bible 
Class  of  the  Methodist  Church  of  Vevay, 
Indiana.  The  subject  is  as  follows:  "Ee- 
solved  that  the  Bible  should  be  taught  in  the 
public  schools." 

I  am  on  the  negative  side  in  this  debate 
and  while  I  firmly  believe  that  it  should  not 
be  taught  in  the  public  schools,  yet  be- 
lieving a  thing  and  producing  an  argument 
that  can  not  be  answered  are  two  different 
propositions. 

I  shall  thank  you,  Mr,  Secretary,  if  you 
can  find  time  to  send  me  some  data  on  this 
subject. 

Tours  very  truly, 
[Signed]    Chester   E.    Collins, 
Attorney   At   Law. 


Dear  Mr.  Elder: — 

Please  let  this  gentleman  have  any  informa- 
tion you  can  furnish  him. 

Yours, 
[Signed]    S.   E.   Hardman, 
(Sec'y.  Louisville  Council  K.  of  C.) 


94 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


March  1 


Mr.  Chester  R.  Callis,  Attorney, 
Vevay,  Indiana. 

Louisville,   Kentucky. 

January   14,    1925. 

Dear  Sir: 

Your  letter  of  January  14th  to  the  Secret- 
ary of  the  Knights  of  Columbus  of  Louis- 
ville has  been  referred  to  the  writer  to  offer 
suggestions  on  the  negative  side  of  the  ques- 
tion: "Resolved  that  the  Bible  should  be 
taught  in  the  public  schools,"  which  you 
request. 

Noting  that  your  debate  is  to  occur  January 
25,  I  am  offering  the  suggestions  below  with- 
out giving  them  that  close  systematic  thought 
which  is  essential  to  logical  arrangement  and 
perfect  clarity.  You  will  be  able  to  attach 
these  qualities  for  the  purposes  of  the  debate. 

The  objections  to  teaching  the  Bible  in  the 
public  schools  go  to  both  the  principle  in- 
volved and  the  practical  difficulties  which 
would  be  encountered.  Considering  the  prac- 
tical objections  first,  one  would  u^k:  wunt 
Bible  shall  we  teach  in  the  public  schools? 
Rather,  what  version  of  the  Bible  shall  we 
teach  ? 

There  is  the  Douay  version,  largely  used 
by  Catholics  in  the  IJnited  States,  as  it  has 
the  approval  of  the  Catholic  Church; — shall 
we  force  that  on  Protestant  children?  There 
is  the  King  James  version,  commonly  but 
not  altogether  used  by  Protestants  in  the 
United  States,  with  fourteen  books  less  than 
the  Douay  version; — shall  we  force  that  on 
Catholic  children?  There  is  the  Lutheran 
version,  used  by  Lutheran  Protestants  with 
one  book  less  than  the  King  James  version; — 
shall  we  force  that  on  other  Protestants  be- 
sides forcing  it  on  the  Catholics? 

Again,  there  is  the  Revised  Version,  pub- 
lished in  the  eighties  of  the  last  century  un- 
der the  same  ecclesiastical  authority  which 
published  the  original  King  James  version, 
which  after  many  years  of  study  corrected 
the  King  James  version  in  nearly  thirty  thous- 
and particulars.  This  Revised  Version  is  ac- 
cepted by  Protestant  scholars  as  the  last 
word  in  Bible  translation  up  to  the  present 
time,  but  has  not  displaced  the  King  James 
version  in  the  popular  Protestant  mind; — 
shall  we  force  this  Revised  Version  on  Protes- 
tant children  whose  parents  still  accept  the 
King  James  version  as  final,  or  shall  we 
ignore  the  developments  of  three  centuries 
and  the  higher,  deeper  scholarship  which  en- 
abled the  translators  of  the  Revised  Version 
to  give  a  more  faithful  rendering  than  did 
the  translators  of  the  King  James  version? 

The  Jews,  too,  have  their  Bible,  which  to 
a  great  extent  corresponds  with  the  Christian 
Bible; — shall  we  force  the  Christian  Bible  on 
Jewish  children  when  they  have  a  Bible  of 
their  own?  The  Mormons,  likewise,  have  a 
Bible,  which  includes  a  large  part  of  the 
Christian  Bible,  and  while  the  Mormons  are 


not  numerous,  religious  liberty  under  our 
constitution  is  guaranteed  to  all,  and  each 
citizen  as  such  is  entitled  to  have  his  relig- 
ious belief  respected,  so  long  as  it  does  not 
contravene  public  morals. 

There  are  even  Mohammedans  in  our  coun- 
try, and  they  have  a  very  high  regard  for 
their  Bible,  the  Koran.  They  have  a  right 
to  be  citizens  of  our  country.  They  have  a 
right  to  send  their  children  to  our  public 
schools.  There  are  some  in  our  public  schools. 
How  can  we  reconcile  with  the  principle  of 
religious  liberty  a  law  that  would  force  the 
Christian   Bible  upon  them? 

In  principle,  it  is  a  fundamental  of  Prot- 
estant belief  that  the  Bible  must  be  left  to 
the  private  judgment  of  each  individual.  No 
person  has  authority  to  interpret  it,  to  ex- 
pound it,  or  to  teach  it  for  another  person. 
This  is  the  rule  on  which  all  the  old  Prot- 
estant denominations  broke  from  the  Cath- 
olic Church.  They  denied  the  authority  of 
the  Church,  the  authority  of  anyone  on  earth, 
including  themselves,  to  teach  the  Bible.  It 
was  wholly  a  matter  for  private  judgment. 
How  can  this  Protestant  principle  be  re- 
conciled with  the  proposal  to  teach  the  Bible 
in  our  public  schools? 

How  can  respect  be  maintained  for  the 
Bible  when  we  insist  upon  it  being  taught  by 
persons  who  disclaim  all  authority  to  teach 
it?  To  be  true  to  themselves,  the  teachers, 
if  Protestants,  would  have  to  say  after  each 
instruction  to  the  children:  Now  these  are 
merely  my  personal  views  and  each  of  you 
must  draw  your  own  views  and  be  guided  by 
thom  independently  of  wliat  I  havf  lOiU  you, 
because  no  one  on  earth  has  authority  to 
interpret  for  you  the  Word  of  God. 

Catholics,  of  course,  hold  that  the  Church 
has  authority  to  interpret  the  Word  of  God, 
and  the  Catholic  Bible  is  filled  with  marginal 
notes  giving  interpretations  and  explana- 
tions approved  by  the  Church.  Catholics 
teach  the  Bible  to  their  children  with  con- 
sistency. They  are  merely  carrying  out  the 
principle  of  authoritative  interpretation  which 
they  hold  to  be  the  true  principle,  as  against 
that  of  private  interpretation.  But  it  is  in- 
consistent for  those  who  insist  that  no  one 
has  authority  to  teach  the  Bible,  to  insist  at 
the  same  time  that  the  Bible  ought  to  be 
taught  by  public  school  teachers,  some  in  their 
teens,  some  who  can  barely  qualify  for  third 
grade  certificates,  and  a  majority  of  whom 
have  no  claims  to  scholarship. 

The  difficulties  outlined  above  will  suggest 
to  you  many  more,  from  which  without  doubt 
you  will  be  able  to  present  an  effective  nega- 
tive argument  to  the  resolution  as  proposed. 

If  not  too  much  trouble,  I  would  be  glad 
to  know  the  impression  created  by  your 
debate. 

Sincerely, 

[Signed]    Benedict    Elder 


1925 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


95 


MAESHAIiL    &    CALLIS 

Attorneys  at  Law 

Vevay,  Indiana. 

Jan.  28,  1925. 

Mr.   Benedict   Elder,    Attorney, 
Louisville,   Kentucky. 
Dear  Sir: 

I  -want  to  thank  you  for  your  letter  of 
Jan.  22,  in  whicli  you  sent  me  data  for  the 
negative  side  of  the  subject,  "Eesolved  that 
the  Bible  should  be  taught  in  the  public 
schools." 

With  your  suggestions  we  presented  an 
argument  that  the  affirmative  side  could  not 


answer.  My  colleague  argued  that  it  was 
not  right  in  principle,  and  I  argued  that  it 
was  not  and  would  not  be  justifiable  in  prac- 
tice. 

We  won  by  a  unanimous  decision  from 
the  judges,  and  while  we  were  on  the  un- 
popular side  up  here,  our  line  of  argument 
made  the  people  think,  and  they  admit  now 
that  it  would  be  an  impossibility  to  teach  the 
Bible  in  the  public  schools  with  any  degree  of 
satisfaction. 

Hoping  that  I  shall  be  able  to  render  you 
a  favor  in  the  future,  I  am 

Yours  very  truly, 
[Signed]    Chester   E.   Callis 


The  Child  Labor  Question 

REAL  vs.  FALSE  ISSUES 
By  P.  H.  Callahan  of  Louisville 


What  do  you  mean  by  child  labor? 
is  frequently  asked,  and  the  answer,  ac- 
cording to  the  United  States  Chil- 
dren's Bureau,  is  this: 

Child  labor  is  the  work  of  children 
under  conditions  that  interfere  with 
the  physical  development,  education 
and  opportunities  for  recreation 
which  children  require.  It  is  the 
working  of  children  at  unfit  ages, 
for  unreasonable  hours,  or  under  un- 
healthful  conditions. 

The  amendment  making  possible 
federal  regulation  of  Child  Labor  has 
already  been  rejected  by  a  sufficient 
number  of  States  to  prevent  its  ratifi- 
cation this  year.  Whether  some  of 
these  will  later  on  reverse  their  action, 
and  w^hether  they  will  then  be  joined 
by  a  sufficient  number  of  other  States 
to  make  the  amendment  a  part  of  the 
federal  Constitution,  are  questions  that 
cannot  be  ansAvered  wdth  any  degree  of 
assurance  at  this  time.  One  thing  is 
certain,  if  misrepresentation  and  fail- 
ure to  examine  the  facts  continue  to 
play  as  large  a  part  during  the  next 
four  or  five  years  as  they  have  played 
during  the  last  six  months,  the  amend- 
ment will  not  be  ratified. 

Whether  it  ought  to  be  ratified,  is 
a  question  that  can  be  answered  with 
equal  good  faith  either  positively  or 
negatively  on  the  basis  of  truth  and  the 
facts.  That  is  to  say,  there  are  solid 
arguments  on  both  sides.     Those  who 


oppose  can  rightfull}-  hold  that,  as  a 
general  rule.  State  regulation  is  better 
than  national  regulation,  that  State 
laws  will  have  better  popular  support 
than  national  laws,  and  that  national 
administration  is  liable  to  be  more  ex- 
pensive than  local  administration. 
These  are  all  very  important  considera- 
tions. On  the  other  hand,  children 
are  not  adequately  protected  against 
harmful  labor  in  the  majority  of  our 
commonwealths.  In  several  States 
young  children  may  be  required  to 
work  from  nine  to  eleven  hours  a  day, 
or  at  night,  or  in  stores,  or  in  danger- 
ous occupations ;  or  laws  allow  so  many 
exemptions  and  are  so  badly  enforced 
that  they  fall  far  short  of  giving  the 
protection  that  they  pretend  to  give. 
Advocates  of  the  amendment  maintain 
that  these  and  other  abuses  are  suf- 
ficient to  justify  and  demand  federal 
regulation.  The  facts  showing  the  ex- 
tent of  these  abuses  should  perhaps  be 
the  determining  factor  and  those  lead- 
ers who  have  been  proclaiming  the  ne- 
cessity of  this  amendment  have  not,  it 
seems  to  me,  convinced  the  public  of 
the  existence  of  a  real  and  extensive 
evil  calling  for  federal  action  in  abate- 
ment. 

What  are  these  facts,  as  shown  by 
the  U.  S.  Census  of  1920  ?  In  the  first 
place  this  census  was  taken  in  Jana- 
ary,  when  the  employment  of  children 
is  at  the  lowest  ebb.    It  is  well  known 


96 


THE  FOKTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


March  1 


that  as  soon  as  the  school  terms  close, 
in  May  or  June,  a  large  number  of 
children  apply  for  certificates  and  go 
to  "work.  Secondly,  cases  of  illegal  em- 
ployment, of  which  there  are  many,  are 
seldom  reported  to  census  enumerators. 
Nevertheless,  the  census  of  1920  shows 
that  413,549  children  of  ten  to  fifteen 
years  of  age  Avere  employed  in  gainful 
occupations,  entirely  aside  from  those 
engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits,  viz., 
Occupation  Number 

Messenger,  bundle,  and  office  help**       48,028 
Servants  and  waiters  41,585 

Salesmen  and  salesAvomen  (stores)***     30,370 
Clerks  (except  clerks  in  stores)  22,521 

Cotton-mill   operatives  21,875 

Newsboys  20,706 

Iron  and  steel  industry  operatives  12,904 

Clothing    industry    operatives  11,757 

Lumber  and  furniture  operatives  10,585 

Silk-mill  operatives  10,023 

Shoe-factory  operatives  7,545 

Woolen  and  worsted  mill  operatives         7,077 
Coal-mine  operatives  5,850 

All  other  occupations  162,722 

**Except  telegraph  messengers. 
***Includes   clerks   in   stores. 

In  connection  with  this  census  the 
following,  which  appeared  recently  in 
the  New  York  Wo)~Id,  is  pertinent : — 

To  the  Editor  of  Tlie  World:       .      . 

I  still  believe  in  the  Child  Labor  Amend- 
ment. Eeporters,  of  course,  are  not  supposed 
to  have  opinions.  Their  task  is  to  present 
the  facts. 

•  But  my  interest  in  this  subject  is  peculiar- 
ly personal.  Something  over  a  year  ago  I 
was  assigned,  as  a  member  of  the  staff  of 
The  World,  to  obtain  the  facts  with  reference 
to  child  labor.  Eesolutions  for  an  amend- 
ment were  pending  in  Congress.  Were  the 
various  States,  enjoying  full  control,  taking 
care  of  the  children?  Were  children  still  at 
work? 

It  wasn't  at  all  difficult  to  find  them  at 
work.  The  harrowing  conditions  of  twenty 
years  ago  had  passed,  it  was  true.  But 
during  the  course  of  a  6,000  mile  trip,  from 
Colorado  to  the  Atlantic  Coast  and  from 
Michigan  to  Louisiana,  boys  and  girls  as 
young  as  five  and  six  years  old  were  dis- 
covered working.  The  articles  that  I  wrote, 
as  published  in  The  World,  were  naturally 
a  plea  for  Federal  control. 

Do  you  mind  if  I  tell  you  again  of  one 
Mr.  Hobbs  of  Jackson,  Miss.? 

Mr.  Hobbs  was  the  solitary  factory  inspec- 
tor of  the  State.  He  was  sitting  in  his 
office  at  Jackson,  the  State  capital,  when  I 
called.  He  admitted  very  frankly  that  it 
was  impossible  to  enforce  the  State  law  and 


pointed  to  his  appropriation  of  $5,500  for 
all  exi)enscs  during  the  year.  He  was  con- 
vinced the  State  Labor  Law  was  being  violat- 
ed. Mr.  Hobbs  said  that  aiout  1,200  toys 
and  girls  had  gone  back  to  work  in  the  cotton 
mills  since  the  second  Federal  laiv  had  been 
declared  unconstitutional.  He  did  not  know 
how  many  were  working  illegally  in  the  can- 
neries of  the  Gulf  Coast. 

Many  mill-owners  told  me  that  it  was 
necessary  to  get  * '  mill-workers  while  they  're 
young. ' '  Otherwise  these  children  might 
learn  of  a  world,  more  bright  and  cheerful, 
beyond  the  horizon  of  the  mill  town. 

The  fact  of  the  matter  is  that  I  haven't 
much  faith  in  the  States.  I  don't  think  they 
are  entitled  to  their  "rights"  when  they 
fail  to  exercise  them. 

HENRY   F.   PEINCtLE 

(From  the  New  York  World,  Jan.  28,  1925) 

No  enlightened  citizen  in  this  day 
and  age,  with  the  statistics  fresh  from 
recruiting  offices  for  the  late  war,  will 
rise  to  dispute  the  conclusions  which 
generations  of  experience  have  taught 
us,  namely,  that  child  labor  starves  the 
children's  normal  development,  weak- 
ens them  mentally  and  physically,  de- 
prives them  of  education  and  oppor- 
tunity for  profitable  adult  employ- 
ment, increases  deliquency  and  brings 
premature  exhaustion  and  dependency. 
It  is  everj'where  admitted  that  the  de- 
sirability of  abolishing  child  labor  is 
not  even  debatable. 

Unfortunately  the  discussion  has 
gone  beyond  the  limits  outlined  'or 
justified  by  the  facts  of  the  case.  Reg- 
ulation by  national  authority  has  been 
distorted  and  magnified  so  as  to  take 
the  proportions  of  a  vast,  centralized 
bureaucracy,  sending  inspectors  and 
spies  into  every  home  to  interfere  with 
the  control  of  the  parent  over  the  child. 
The  fact  is  that  federal  administrative 
officers  would  have  no  authority  to  do 
anything  that  may  not  now  be  done  by 
State  officers  in  the  enforcement  of 
child  labor  laws.  Many  opponents  of 
the  amendment  ignore  almost  entirely 
the  genuine  arguments,  either  favor- 
able or  unfavorable,  and  fasten  their 
attention  entirely  upon  the  persons 
and  groups  that  have  been  active  in 
getting  the  amendment  through  Con- 
gress. Such  opponents  speak  loosely 
about  the  "lobby"  that  induced  Con- 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


97 


gress  to  submit  the  amendment  to  the 
States,  and  insist  that  the  ''lobby"  in- 
cluded many  persons  who  are  in  fav- 
or of  federalized  education  or  some 
other  undesirable  extension  of  nation- 
al governmental  activity.  They  seem 
to  be  ignorant  that  the  ' '  lobby ' '  which 
opposed  the  amendment  "vvhen  it  was 
before  Congress,  was  far  more  power- 
ful financially,  and  likewise  included 
persons  who  favor  measures  which  are 
quite  as  harmful  as  any  of  those  de- 
sired by  some  of  the  advocates  of  the 
amendment.  Nor  is  this  the  worst 
feature  of  the  situation.  The  oppon- 
ents who  are  so  much  excited  about 
"lobbying"  accept  as  truths  the  mis- 
statements coming  from  the  opposing 
"lobby,"  for  example,  the  charge  that 
the  amendment  is  Socialistic,  which 
comes  mainly  from  the  National  As- 
sociation of  Manufacturers. 

Of  all  the  unfair  and  unfounded  ar- 
guments in  opposition  to  the  amend- 
ment, the  one  that  has  been  most  fre- 
quently and  effectively  used  is  based 
upon  the  eighteen-year  age  limit.  The 
fact  that  the  States  may  now  do  all 
that  Congress  could  do  within  this  lim- 
it, is  ignored.  The  fact  that  the  ma- 
jority of  the  States  prohibit  certain 
kinds  of  labor  up  to  the  age  of  eighteen, 
is  likewise  left  out  of  the  consideration. 
The  fact  that  a  law  forbidding  all 
children  under  eighteen  to  do  any  kind 
of  work  is  morally  impossible  of  en- 
actment by  Congress,  does  not  seem  to 
have  occurred  to  the  persons  who  pro- 
fess so  much  alarm  over  the  eighteen 
year  limit.  And  yet,  a  few  minutes' 
examination  of  the  way  Congress  is 
composed  would  make  this  clear  to  any 
intelligent  person.  It  will  not  be  mor- 
ally possible  for  Congress  to  enact  as 
strict  a  law  as  that  Avhich  prevails  in 
the  most  advanced  States,  for  the  sim- 
ple reason  that  the  Congressmen  from 
these  States  will  alwaj^s  be  a  minority 
of  any  Congress. 

It  is  not  too  much  to  say  that  up  to 
the  present,  the  great  majority  of  those 
who  have  spoken  or  written  in  oppo- 
sition to  the  amendment  have  taken 
their  stand,  not  on  the  basis  of  facts, 


but  of  pre-judgement.  This  is  evi- 
dent from  the  nature  of  their  asser- 
tions and  arguments.  If  all  opponents 
of  the  amendment  would  compel  them- 
selves to  inquire  just  what  the  amend- 
ment empowers  Congress  to  do,  just 
what  the  States  can  do  now  in  the  na- 
ture of  child  labor  regulation,  whether 
Congress  is  not  likely  to  use  its  power 
as  reasonably  as  the  States  have  used 
theirs,  and  whether  the  actual  evils  of 
child  labor  do  not  afford  at  least  some 
ground  for  federal  regulation, — thej" 
might  not  all  be  converted  to  the  side 
of  the  amendment,  indeed,  but  they 
would  lift  the  plane  of  discussion  to  a 
much  higher  level  of  fairness  and  in- 
telligence than  that  upon  which  they 
have  held  it  up  to  the  present. 

Like  the  average  person,  with  so 
much  doing  nowadays,  my  information 
on  the  subject  was  rather  limited  and 
under  the  circumstances  am  largely 
guided  by  those  who  are  better  in- 
formed and  have  made  a  study  of  same. 
Father  John  A.  Ryan,  as  generally 
admitted,  has  considered  and  studied 
all  these  economic  questions  more 
thoroughly  than  any  other  Catholic 
authority  either  cleric  or  lay,  not  only 
the  morals  and  philosophy  of  all  these 
problems,  but  how  they  affect  Catho- 
lic interests  and  welfare  as  well  as  the 
country  at  large.  Therefore,  we  can 
rely  safely  on  his  recommendations  in 
these  public  questions  in  which  we 
shall  more  and  more  be  interested  as 
compared  to  the  past,  when  Catholics 
as  a  rule  ignored  them  and  in  turn  we 
were  likewise  ignored  to  the  same  ex- 
tent. 

There  is  also  Dr.  David  A.  McCabe, 
Professor  of  Economics  at  Princeton 
University,  President  of  the  National 
Catholic  Conference  on  Social  Prob- 
lems, who  is  in  full  sympathy  with  the 
position  of  Dr.  Ryan,  and  hopes  that  his 
position  will  be  upheld  by  Catholics 
everywhere.  Likewise  our  own  Prof. 
James  E.  Hagerty,  of  Ohio  State  Uni- 
versity, Columbus,  Ohio,  who  gave  me 
the  thought  expressed  above  that  ' '  this 
campaign  against  the  amendment  was 
an  insult  to  the  intelligence  of  the 
American  people,"  adding  that  Father 


98 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


March  1 


Ryan,  as  usual,  is  absolutely  right,  but 
like  his  principle  of  the  "Living- 
Wage"  this  may  take  some  time  for 
general  acceptance. 

If  we  are  not  to  follow  our  recog- 


nized leaders  who  have  made  a  life- 
long study  of  these  subjects,  we  shall 
find  ourselves,  as  in  the  past,  being 
played  upon  by  politicians  appealing 
as  usual  to  our  prejudices. 


The  Chalice  of  Antioch 

By  Edgar  R.   Smothers,   S.   J.,   St.   Louis  University 


Your  recent  issue   (F.  R.,  XXXII, 

p.  54)  offers  an  epitome  of  views  expres- 
sed by  Professor  Morey  of  Princeton 
on  the  subject  of  the  Antioch  Chalice. 
Professor  Morey 's  criticism,  which  ap- 
peared originally  in  the  Daily  Prince- 
tonian,  was  occasioned  by  Professor 
Newbolt's  article  in  the  Ladies'  Home 
Journal  of  last  November.  The  latter 
had  not  attempted  an  original  contri- 
bution to  the  strictly  archeological  as- 
pect of  his  subject,  but  had  dealt 
rather  with  the  literary  data  that 
seemed  to  him  relevant.  Professor 
Morey  manifested  little  acquaintance 
with  other  discussions.  This  is  the 
more  surprising  since  Dr.  Eisen's  pre- 
liminary reports  on  the  Chalice  ap- 
peared in  1916-17.  {Am.  Jour,  of 
Archeol.,  XX,  pp.  426  ff. ;  XXI,  pp. 
77  ff.,  169  ff.)  and  his  two  volume  mon- 
ograph, representing  eight  years  of 
specialized  research,  in  the  fall  of  1923. 
("The  Great  Chalice  of  Antioch," 
New  York.)  The  question  is  no  longer, 
therefore,  virgin  soil. 

Professor  Morey,  however,  essays  to 
raise  the  most  serious  issues.  His  criti- 
cism of  the  dating  is  really  incidental 
to  that  of  the  genuineness  of  the  outer 
cup.  This,  however,  has  been  estab- 
lished to  the  satisfaction  of  all  reason- 
able inquiry,  both  by  the  extensive 
evidence  as  exhibited  by  Dr.  Eisen,  and 
by  the  testimony  of  many  eminently- 
qualified  judges ;  so  that  Professor 
Morey 's  discordant  suggestions,  gotten 
up  upon  insufficient  ground,  disap- 
point one,  not  in  the  Chalice,  but  in 
him.  It  is  difficult  to  believe  he  Avould 
have  cared  considerately  to  launch  his 
opinion  in  the  face  of  the  kno^^^l  judge- 
ment of  Froehner,  former  curator  of 
the  Louvre,  Sir  Charles  Read,  of  the 
British    Museum,     the    late    William 


Henry  Goodyear,  of  the  Brooklyn  In- 
stitute of  Arts  and  Sciences,  Edward 
Robinson,  of  the  Metropolitan  Museum, 
Josef  Strzygowski,  Professor  of  Arche- 
ology in  the  University  of  Vienna.  Yet 
these,  and  others  perhaps  equally  com- 
petent have,  upon  personal  examina- 
tion of  the  cup,  attested  its  undoubted 
genuineness. 

I  shall  not  tax  your  patience  by 
entering  upon  an  itemized  analysis  of 
Professor  Morey 's  argument ;  yet  one 
or  two  points  must  of  necessity  be 
noted.  He  instances  the  differing  oxi- 
dations of  outer  and  inner  cup  as  a  su- 
spicious circumstance.  But  he  does 
not  mention  the  fact,  w-ell  known  to 
those  who  have  delved  a  little  into  the 
Chalice  literature,  that  the  outer  cup 
had  been  twice  gilded  at  an  early  pe- 
riod, as  the  remnants  of  gold-leaf  show, 
whilst  the  inner  was  never  gilt.  Under 
the  circumstances,  the  discrepancy 
would  have  been  if  the  oxidation  had 
not  been  unequal. 

The  outer  cup,  says  Professor 
Morey,  ' '  seems  not  to  even  have  lost  its 
solder,  although  the  solder  is  commonly 
absent  in  the  finds  of  antique  silver." 
On  the  latter  observation,  it  is  suffic- 
ient to  cite  Saglio  's  article  ' '  Caelatura ' ' 
in  the  Diet ionv aire  des  Antiquites 
(Paris,  1908).  In  the  light  of  the 
multiplied  examples  there  instanced, 
including  pieces  in  the  Hildesheim 
silver  treasure  of  the  Augustan  Age, 
Professor  Morey 's  remark  appears 
singularly  hazardous.  But  that  is  only 
half.  What  he  has  taken  for  solder  on 
the  Chalice  is  indeed  not  antique :  it 
is  the  amalgam  introduced  by  the  re- 
storer Andre  to  protect  the  outer  and 
inner  parts  of  the  frail  vessel  from 
damaging  friction.  Precise  records  of 
this  and  of  other  necessary  measures 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


99 


taken  by  the  cleanser  of  the  Chalice  are 
of  course  presented  by  Dr.  Eisen. 

The  limits  I  must  observe,  whilst 
precluding  further  discussion  here  of 
Professor  Morey's  article,  may  be  the 
happy  occasion  of  my  calling  at- 
tention to  two  expressions  on  the  sub- 
ject of  the  Chalice  from  better  qualified 
sources.  The  first,  indeed,  I  can  only 
mention  at  second  hand,  for  the 
Jahrhuch  der  asiatischen  Kunst  for 
1924  is  not,  so  far  as  I  know,  available 
in  St.  Louis  (Leipzig  Klinkhardt  & 
Biermann).  In  that  journal,  Professor 
Strzygowski,  who  spent  many  hours 
over  the  Chalice  in  New  York  and  read 
Dr.  Eisen 's  work  while  it  was  in  pro- 
cess, not  only  writes  most  cordially  of 
the  beauty  and  significance  of  the 
Chalice,  but  assents  definitely  to  the 
first  century  dating.  An  analysis  of 
that  article  may  be  seen  in  the  Bur- 
lington Magazine  of  last  November 
(XLV,  pp.  250-251).  Finally,  we 
should  take  satisfaction  in  the  fact  that 
the  monumental  work  on  the  Chalice, 
the  two  volumes  by  Dr.  Eisen,  are  ac- 
cessible to  St.  Louis  readers  at  the 
library  of  the  Art  Museum.  Adequate 
acquaintance  with  the  latter  work, 
undertaken  with  a  due  appreciation  of 
the  scholarly  problems  involved,  may 
not  in  the  end  compel  one  to  agreement 
with  the  author  on  every  point.  One 
would  have  to  be  stubbornly  ungra- 
cious, however,  not  only  to  Dr.  Eisen, 
but  to  truth  and  beauty,  not  to  find  ex- 
ceptional inspiration  in  it. 


That  Catholic-Masonic  Alliance 

Cardinal  O'Connell's  view  of  the 
movement  which  has  culminated  in  the 
launching  of  the  Hamilton-Jefferson 
Society  may  be  gathered  from  an  edi- 
torial in  a  recent  issue  of  the  Boston 
Pilot,  which  says : 

"It  is  a  plain  and  indisputable  fact 
that  Catholicism  and  Freemasonry  are 
opposite  poles,  mutually  antagonistic 
to  one  another,  the  one  proclaiming 
faith  in  God  and  upholding  the  divini- 
ty of  Christ,  and  the  teachings  of 
Christ's  Church,  and  the  other  making 
of  each  man  a  divine  incarnation,  and 


proclaiming  crass  materialism,  down- 
right naturalism.  Under  the  con- 
ditions briefly,  of  necessity,  sketched 
above,  what  of  Catholics  fraternizing 
with  Freemasonry  and  Freemasonic 
bodies?  It  is  nothing  short  of  con- 
temptuous compromising  of  eternal, 
essential  principles.  It  is  wrong,  in- 
herently so.  Of  course,  one  may  have 
known  the  other  as  a  boy,  and  may 
have  the  simple  trust  of  early  days,  yet 
undiluted  by  a  ripe  experience  and 
knowledge  of  men.  But  times  change, 
and  men  change  with  them.  It  is  al- 
ways the  weak  and  vacillating  Catholic 
who  whishes  to  appear  'tolerant  and 
broad,'  and  be  styled  by  his  non-Cath- 
olic friends  as  'different  from  other 
Catholics  I  have  met,'  who  is  found  in 
the  whispering  ranks  of  compromise, 
blinking  historic  fact  and  essential 
Catholic  teaching,  so  that  he  will  be 
looked  upon  as  of  the  'more  intelligent 
class.'  Cheap  fraternizing  with  Free- 
masonry on  the  part  of  Catholics  is 
tantamount  to  unmanly  and  unworthy 
compromise  of  their  precious  Christian 
heritage.  Such  fraternizing  should 
cease.  It  impresses  nobody.  It  de- 
ludes and  makes  ludicrous  the  profess- 
ing Catholic." 

The  prevailing  Masonic  view  is  aptly 
expressed  by  the  Montana  Freemason, 
which  declares  that  while  it  does  not, 
of  course,  agree  with  Cardinal 
O'Connell's  ideas  as  to  the  teaching  of 
Freemasonry,  it  heartily  endorses  his 
conclusions.  ' '  The  whole  Masonic  insti- 
tution,"  says  this  Masonic  Journal, 
"represents  one  pole  of  the  philosophy 
of  life  and  death,  and  the  Roman 
Catholic  Church  represents  the  other. 
The  two  can  never  meet,  never  amal- 
gamate, never  agree.  All  efforts  look- 
ing toward  that  end  are  foreordained 
to  failure.  Those  so-called  Freemasons 
who  have  ignorantly  lent  themselves  to 
the  Hamilton-Jefferson  movement 
know  little  of  the  history  of  their  or- 
ganization, or  of  that  of  the  Roman 
Catholic  Church.  They  are  simply  in- 
consequential asses,  who  have  j)ermit- 
ted  themselves  to  be  used  as  cat's-paws; 
by  certain  ambitious  politicians." 


100 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


March  1 


The  Emmerick  Visions 

By  the  Rt.  Rev.  Msgr.  Canon  L.  Richen 


A  friend  of  mine  forwards  me  No.  22 
(Nov.  15,  1924)  of  the  F.  R.  containing 
an  article  about  "The  Visions  of  Ann 
Catherine  Emmerick."  You  state: 
"The  only  correct  procedure  in  our 
opinion  would  be  to  print  no  more  new 
editions  of  'Das  bittere  Leiden'  until 
etc. ' '  Quite  so !  May  I  explain  how 
the  question  in  my  opinion  stands 
now?  The  first  number  of  the  "Bib- 
lische  Studien"  for  1923  (Herder, 
Freiburg)  has  for  title:  "Die  Wie- 
dergabe  Biblischer  Ereignisse  in  den 
Gesichten  der  Anna  Kath.  Emmerick 
von  Msgr.  L.  Richen."  Journeys  in  Pal- 
estine extending  over  more  than  20 
years  enabled  me  to  compare  "Vis- 
ions" and  Reality.  At  the  end  of  my 
expose  I  state  the  following  conclusion 
wdth  regard  to  these  ' '  Visions : "  "  Con- 
sidering the  numerous  errors  occurring 
on  nearly  every  page  of  the  publica- 
tions a  divine  origin  must  be  consid- 
ered as  out  of  the  question.  The 
representations  of  the  words  and  deeds 
of  Jesus  Christ  add  nothing  to  the 
spirit  pervading  Holy  Writ.  On  the 
contrary,  the  numerous  trifling  items, 
strange  to  land  and  customs,  run  down 
to  the  level  of  the  childish  and  the 
ludicrous."  A  short  time  after,  but 
quite  independently  of  me,  P.  W. 
Hiimpfner,  an  Augustinian  like 
Emmerick  herself,  published  his  w^ork 
"Klemens  Brentanos  Glaubwiirdig- 
keit "  ( Rita- Verlag,  "Wiirzburg ) , 
w^herein,  agreeing  with  me  in  denying 
the  divine  origin  of  the  "Visions,"  at 
least  as  regards  the  bulk  of  them, 
but  knowing  that  their  contents  are 
a  great  obstacle  in  the  process  of  beati- 
fication, he  goes  so  far  as  to  impute  them 
almost  entirely  to  the  man  who  wa-ote 
them  down — Clemens  Brentano — call- 
ing him  an  imposter,  who  knowingly 
and  willingly  invented  them  or  took 
from  old  traditions,  legends,  etc.  Here 
our  roads  go  in  different  directions : 
while  I  believe  that  the  visions  in  their 
substantial  parts  are  from  Emmerick, 
Avho  believed  in  her  delusions,  or  that 
they  are  in  part  the  outcome  of  five 


years  of  an  interchange  of  ideas. 
Hiimpfner  makes  Brentano  out  a  liar, 
not  only  objectively,  but  consciously. 
Whatever  standpoint  the  reader  may 
take,  this  much  is  certain :  The  ' '  reve- 
lations" as  recorded  by  Brentano  are 
either  inventions  of  a  pious  soul  suf- 
fering from  self-deception  or  the  out- 
13ut  of  a  poet.  To  represent  them  as 
real  divine  (even  though  private)  in- 
spiration means  to  sin  against  historical 
truth  and  to  deceive,  though  involun- 
tarily, the  reading  public. 
Aix-la-Chapelle,  Germany 
Klosterplatz  6. 


The  Rev.  P.  Power  says  at  the  end 
of  an  interesting  paper  on  "The 
'Lives'  of  the  Irish  Saints"  in  No.  684 
of  the  Irish  Ecclesiastical  Record,  p. 
601  sq. :  "Love  of  wandering  and  pil- 
grimage (turas)  was  another  well- 
marked  characteristic  of  early  Irish 
monasticism.  Bede  refers  to  the  trait, 
and  we  know  from  various  continental 
chronicles,  and  the  acts  of  provincial 
synods,  how  these  religious  country- 
men  of  ours  overran  Europe  a  thou- 
sand years  ago.  We  are  usually  told 
in  the  Life  that  the  saint  served  in 
many  monasteries,  and  that  he  made 
journey's  to  many  shrines  and  sanctu- 
aries. An  Irish  monk  was  described 
as  ens  vagahundum  currens  per  mun- 
dum,  and  Wassersehleben  states  that 
the  word  peregrimts  actually  came  at 
one  time  to  be  the  special  technical 
name  for  a  missionary  from  Ireland. 
It  is,  presumabl}^,  to  the  period  of  pro- 
nounced pilgrim  activity  that  we  owe 
the  legends  of  Hy  Breasail  and  the 
other  Isiands  of  the  Blessed.  Europe, 
in  fact,  was  not  w-ide  enough  for  the 
zeal  of  these  irrepressible  Irishmen. 
They  found  their  way  to  Asia,  and 
even  to  rigorous  Iceland,  the  Faroe 
Islands,  and  probably  to  the  Azores, 
Greenland  and  the  American  conti- 
nent. ' ' 


The  virtue  which  has  not  been  tested 
is  not  a  virtue — it  is  only  a  hypothesis. 


1925 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


101 


The  "Better  Understanding"  Movement  and  Its  Dangers 


By  an  Ohio   Pastor 


There  is  a  certain  movement  nncler 
way  and,  as  it  seems,  gaining  impetus, 
which  to  my  mind  holds  grave  dangers 
for  the  Catholic.  It  is  usually  called 
"Better  Understanding"  Movement, 
or  Movement  for  "Religious  Advance- 
ment," but  it  also  goes  under  other 
names.  No  doubt  the  sponsors  of  this 
movement  mean  well  and  in  most  cases 
are  animated  by  truly  charitable  mo- 
tives,— to  bring,  as  they  say,  "the  dif- 
fering creeds  more  closely  together." 

But  the7'e  is  precisely  where  the 
danger  lies  for  Catholics.  As  a  rule 
these  "Better  Understanding"  meet- 
ings are  held  in  Protestant  or  Jewish 
churches,  and  the  Catholic  priest,  the 
Protestant  minister,  and  the  Jewish 
rabbi  make  their  speeches.  Of  course, 
the  priest  will  be  on  his  guard  not  to 
say  a  word  which  could  be  taken  as 
weakening  the  Catholic  standpoint  or 
as  compromising  with  non-Catholic 
sects.  But  the  priest  is  not  the  only 
one  who  speaks  in  these  meetings,  and 
the  damage  is  usually  done  b^^  the  other 
speakers. 

I  have  two  instances  in  mind  which 
go  to  illustrate  what  I  mean.  Some 
two  months  ago,  in  one  of  our  episcopal 
cities  of  the  middle  West,  an  enter- 
prising Presbyterian  minister  arranged 
such  "Better  Understanding"  meet- 
ings, all  held  in  his  own  church. 
Every  Sunday  another  preacher  would 
address  the  crowd,  which  was  too  large 
for  the  church  to  hold  it,  so  that  many 
had  to  be  turned  away.  The  first  Sun- 
day a  rabbi  spoke  on  "My  neighbor, 
the  Christian ; "  on  the  next  Sunday  an 
Espiscopalian  minister  returned  the 
compliment  by  speaking  on  "My 
neighbor,  the  Jew;"  on  the  following 
Sunday  the  rector  of  the  Cathedral 
spoke  on  "My  neighbor,  the  Protes- 
tant," while  on  the  fourth  and  last 
Sunday  the  Presbyterian  minister  him- 
self chose  as  his  address  ' '  My  neighbor, 
the  Catholic."  In  elegant  and  suave 
words  he  undid  any  good  the  Catholic 
rector  may  have  done  by  his  address 
the  Sunday  before.     I  have  the  suspi- 


cion that  in  this  instance  at  least  the 
motive  actuating  the  Presbyterian 
minister  and  causing  him  to  arrange 
these  meetings — all  in  his  own  church 
— was  not  so  much  a  desire  to  bring 
about  a  better  understanding  among 
the  different  classes  of  people,  as  a  de- 
sire to  get  himself  and  his  church  into 
the  public  eye.  It  was  a  clever  pub- 
licit}^  stunt,  advertising  the  First  Pres- 
byterian Church,  and  a  Catholic  priest 
was  used  as  a  free  "ad." 

The  second  case  is  different  as  far 
as  motive  and  general  arrangement  are 
concerned,  but  also  much  worse  as  far 
as  evil  results  for  the  Catholic  cause 
are  concerned.  It  all  happened  last 
night  in  another  episcopal  city  east  of 
and  adjoining  the  one  of  the  above  case. 
The  meeting  was  held  in  the  Jewish 
Temple,  and  the  three  speakers  were 
all  present  and  addressed  the  gather- 
ing at  the  same  time.  The  Catholic 
Bishop  of  the  city  was  supposed  to 
speak  for  the  Catholics,  but  perhaps 
realizing  the  awkwardness  of  the  situ- 
ation, the  Bishop  ' '  had  been  called  un- 
expectedly from  the  city, ' '  as  the  papers 
gave  it,  and  one  of  the  city  priests  took 
his  place. 

No  exception  can  be  taken  to  what 
the  priest  and  the  Congregational  min- 
ister said.  But  then  came  the  Jewish 
rabbi,  the  pastor  of  the  Temple.  Let 
me  quote  from  the  i^aper  which  gave 
all  the  particulars:  "I  do  not  have  to 
know  anything  about  the  Catholic 
creed,  but  I  do  know  that  a  church  that 
can  produce  a  St.  Francis  of  Assisi  is 
a  great  church.  I  do  not  have  to  know 
anything  about  a  Protestant  church,  but 
I  say  a  church  that  can  give  to  the 
world  a  Wesley,  a  Knox,  or  a  Wash- 
ington Gladden  is  a  great  church.  And 
I  say  by  the  same  token  that  a  church 
that  can  give  to  the  world  a  Jesus 
Christ  is  a  great  church.  Who  cares 
for  doctrine?  By  their  fruits  ye  shall 
know  them." 

How  must  a  Catholic  priest  feel, 
sitting  on  the  platform,  in  view 
of  the   public,   when  he  is  forced   to 


102 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


March  1 


listen  to  such  statements?  When  he 
hears  St.  Francis  put  on  the  same 
level  with  a  Wesley,  and,  worse  than 
that, — with  a  Knox !  When  he  has  to 
listen  to  a  Jewish  rabbi  claiming  for 
his  ''church"  credit  for  having  "given 
to  the  world  Jesus  Christ."  And  when 
he  has  to  swallow  the  challenge,  for  it 
is  nothing  less  than  that :  ' '  Who  cares: 
for  doctrine?"  Good  manners  and 
parliamentary  rules  prevent  him  from 
answering  that  challenge,  and  by  his 
silence  the  audience,  including  the 
Catholics,  are  made  to  understand  that 
' '  after  all  it  doesn  't  matter  what  a  man 
believes"  as  long  as  the  fruits  make  him 
out  as  a  good  man.  Didn't  the  rabbi 
say  so  at  the  great  "Better  Under- 
standing" meeting,  and  wasn't  Father 


so  and  so  there  and  indorsed  it  all? 
Isn't  the  principle  embodied  in  the 
sentence,  "Who  cares  for  the  doc- 
trine?" condemned  by  the  Church  as 
a  heresy?  And  consequently,  isn't  a 
priest  under  circumstances  as  those 
given  above  guilty  of  favoring  heresy? 
But  apart  from  all  this — ''Cui 
bono?"  Do  we  still  live  under  the  il- 
lusion that  such  meetings  are  likely  to 
bring  about  a  Better  Understanding? 
Haven't  w^e  learned  from  the  history 
of  our  Church  in  this  country  that,  no 
matter  what  we  do,  we  shall  ahvays 
have  the  bigots  and  the  Knownothings 
and  the  Kluxers  with  us?  Therefore, 
again  I  say:  " Cui  lonof"  Let  us  have 
more  Catholic  dignity  and  self-respect. 


"Radio  and  Religion" 

By  Joseph  A.   Fueglein,   Louisville,   Ky. 


The  article  by  Rev.  James  AValcher, 
"Radio  in  the  Service  of  Religion," 
and  your  remarks  thereto  prompt  me 
to  say  a  few  words  on  this  subject, 
especially  after  reading  the  following 
in  a  recent  number  of  Printers'  Ink  : 
Religious    groups :    Organized   re- 
ligion came  into  radio  broadcasting 
with    a   wallop.      Religious    groups 
maintain  stations  for  two  basic  rea- 
sons: (1)  to  reach  a  number  of  their 
own  faith,  and   (2)   as  part  of  their 
missionary  endeavor.      (It  was  rec- 
cently  reported  in  "Popular  Radio" 
that  one  out  of  every  fourteen  sta- 
tions in  the  United  States  is  main- 
tained hy  a  church  or  religious  or- 
ganizaiion) . 

I  think  the  broadcasting  stations 
that  are  contemplated  in  New"  York, 
Chicago  and  San  Francisco  by  the 
Paulist  Fathers  will  hardly  serve  the 
purpose,  inasmuch  as  they  are  limited 
to  100-watt  stations,  for  nearly  all  the 
broadcasters  constructed  nowadays 
have  a  minimum  of  500  watts,  Avhich  is 
quite  necessary  if  they  are  to  be  of  any 
service  outside  of  their  immediate  lo- 
cality. 

It  viSij  be  true,  as  Mr.  Brisbane  says, 
that  in  manv  instances  "listeners  in" 


will  be  tuning  for  jazz  music  instead  of 
religious  exhortations,  but  it  is  my  per- 
sonal experience,  as  well  as  that  of 
many  of  my  friends,  that  these  re- 
ligious programmes  likewise  have  some 
excellent  musical  selections  and,  hav- 
ing once  established  a  contact,  many 
will  he  "listening  in"  and  waiting  for 
the  more  attractive  part  of  the  pro- 
gramme. 

There  must  be  some  method  in  the 
arrangement  of  these  programmes,  as 
there  is  a  good  deal  of  music,  organ 
recitals  and  chorus  singing  in  nearly 
all  of  them.  AVliile  it  is  true  that  the 
Rev.  W.  C  Voliva  is  very  eccentric, 
and  perhaps  crude,  still  all  of  this  is 
forgotten  when  his  church  organ  or  the 
chorus  of  450  voices  is  turned  on,  a 
programme  that  is  as  artistic  as  those 
broadcasted  by  the  Brunswick  people. 

Hundred- Watt  stations  can  not  be 
"picked  up"  out  in  rural  districts, 
and  if  the.v  are  being  erected  for  the 
purpose  of  serving  our  religion,  there 
will  be  some  disappointment  in  that 
direction,  for  the  Zion  City  station  is 
at  the  present  time  using  500  watts  and 
the  "sacrificial  offering"  mentioned 
by  Father  Walcher  is  the  collection 
beino-  taken  to  install  a  new  station  of 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


103 


5000  watts,  which  could  be  picked  up 
anywhere  in  the  country,  and  by  in- 
expensive receiving  sets. 

It,  therefore,  occurs  to  me  that  the 
proposed  effort  in  our  behalf  will  be 
of  benefit  only  to  the  communities 
where  the  Paulists  are  to  install  these 
stations,  i.  e.,  in  communities  which  are 
largely  Catholic,  instead  of  the  rural 
communities  and  people  far  removed 
from  all  churches. 

It  is  doubtful  whether  the  spirit  of 
any  religion  can  be  developed  and 
maintained  by  radio,  but  as  a  means 
of  teaching  our  fellow-citizens  what 
we  believe  and  what  we  do  not  believe, 
there  is  no  other  medium  at  the  pres- 
ent time  comparable  to  the  radio. 

Mrs.  John  Tyler 

[In  reply  to  the  question  asked  in  No. 
4  of  the  F.  R.,  Mr.  Scannell  O'Neil 
writes :  ] 

Julia  Gardiner  Tyler,  second  wife 
of  President  John  Tyler,  was  born  on 
Gardiner's  Island,  New  York,  in  1820, 
and  died  in  Richmond,  Va.,  in  1889. 
She  was  the  daughter  of  Hon.  David 
Gardiner  (1784-1844)  and  Juliana, 
daughter  of  Michael  McLachlan,  and 
granddaughter  of  that  Colonel 
McLachlan  who,  after  commanding  the 
allied  clans  of  McLachlan  and  McLean 
at  the  battle  of  Culloden,  was  executed 
for  his  loyalty  to  Prince  Charlie. 

Having  finished  her  education  •  at 
Chegary  Institute,  New  York,  Miss 
Gardiner  toured  Europe.  On  her  re- 
turn she  accompanied  her  father  to 
Washington  in  the  winter  of  1844, 
where  she  soon  became  a  reigning  belle. 
Her  father  and  herself  were  invited  to 
accompany  the  Presidential  party  on 
the  new  warship  "Potomac,"  which 
made  its  initial  excursion  down  the 
Potomac  on  February  28,  1844.  During 
the  trip  one  of  the  guns  exploded,  kill- 
ing Mr.  Gardiner  and  several  officers. 
By  direction  of  the  President  the  body 
was  removed  to  the  White  House,  from 
whence  the  funeral  was  held. 

As  was  only  natural  under  the  cir- 
cumstances, the  chivalrous  President 
sought  to  comfort  the  bereaved  daugh- 


ter, paying  her  frequent  visits,  which 
finally  ended  in  their  engagement  and 
marriage  on  June  26  of  the  same  year. 
(I  think  The  Pathfinder  errs  in  stat- 
ing that  the  marriage  took  place  in  the 
AVhite  House ;  they  were  married  in 
New  York  City). 

Mrs.  Tyler  presided  as  the  gracious 
mistress  of  the  AVhite  House  for  the 
following  eight  months  of  her  hus- 
band's administration,  retiring  Avith 
him  on  March  4,  1845,  to  the  Tyler 
estate,  "Sherwood  Forest,"  on  the 
James,  Virginia.  Mr.  Tyler  died  in 
1862,  but  is  was  not  until  ten  years 
later  that  his  widow,  her  daughter 
Pearl,  and  her  infant  granddaughter, 
Julia  Spencer,  were  baptized  by 
Father  Patrick  Healy,  S.  J.,  in  the 
chapel  of  the  Visitation  convent  at 
Georgetown.  What  were  the  contribut- 
ing causes  to  her  conversion  I  have  nev- 
er learned,  but  I  have  always  thought 
that  the  President's  Catholic  sister, 
Mrs.  Waggaman,  and  her  daughter 
Sara  (later  a  Visitandine)  had  much  to 
do  with  it.  From  the  day  of  her  recep- 
tion to  the  day  of  her  death,  Mrs. 
Tyler  was  a  most  fervent  Catholic,  de- 
voting her  time  to  the  practice  of  her 
religion  and  works  of  charity.  Her 
son.  Dr.  Lyon  Gardiner  Tyler,  the 
noted  educator  and  historian,  is,  of 
course,  a  non-Catholic. 

Scannell  O'Neill 


Winter  Storm 

Over    the    piled-up    mountain-clouds 

The  blue-veined  stallions  ride; 

With  icy  fire  in  their  eye-balls, 

They  sweep  as  a  thunder- tide, 

Tails  lashing  out  from  maddened  manes- 

In  front,  behind,  beside. 

The  wind  is  whipping  the  stallions, 
Whose  hammering  hoofs  ring  far 
Along  the  blinding  plains  of  space, 
Devoid  of  moon  or  star: 
Long  centuries  of  whirling  snows 
Have  made  them  what  they  are : 

The  vengeful  runners  of  freezing  death, 

Whom  Boreas  drives  down, 

With  jagged  goads  to  their  steaming  flesh- 

Blue-veined — of  white  and  brown — 

A  million  wild-maned  stallions  crashing 

Over  the  sleeping  town. 

J.    Corson    Miller 


104 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


March  1 


Notes  and  Gleanings 

In  his  Cambridge  Suniiner  School 
lecture  on  the  Leonine  edition  of  the 
writings  of  St.  Thomas,  Father  P.  P. 
Mackey,  0.  P.,  one  of  the  oldest  mem- 
bers of  the  "  Pontifical  College  of  Edi- 
tors," described  the  actual  autograph 
of  the  "Summa  Contra  Gentiles,"  on 
which  he  has  worked.  This  MS.  con- 
sists of  57  sheaves  of  parchment  (228 
pages),  being  about  one-third  of  the 
"Sumnia  Philosophica."  The  multi- 
tude of  corrections,  alterations  and 
transpositions,  said  Father  Mackey,  is 
indescribable — a  statement  which  he 
substantiated  by  lantern  slides  of  the 
MS.  It  is  consoling  to  learn  that  St. 
Thomas,  like  Homer,  occasionally  nod- 
ded. Thus  when  he  meant  to  describe 
God  as  the  summum  honum,  he  wrote 
simimmn  malu — the  final  m  is  wanting, 
showing  that  St.  Thomas  had  discov- 
ered his  mistake  before  he  finished  the 
offending  word. 


In  liis  presidential  address  at  the 
recent  meeting  of  the  American  Phil- 
osophical Association  Dr.  Alexander 
Meiklejohn  called  upon  the  philoso- 
phers to  save  the  world  from  confusion 
and  apathy.     No  one  laughed. 

It  is  encouraging  to  learn,  from  Dr. 
J.  R.  Kantor's  report  in  the  New  Re- 
public (No.  531)  of  the  AVashington 
congress  of  the  American  Psycho- 
logical Association,  that  in  regard  to 
"the  general  attitude  of  psychologists 
toward  fundamental  problems,"  "the 
tendency  to  objectivity  is  growing." 
Five  out  of  the  six  papers  read  at  the 
general  sessions  of  the  congress,  in 
which  fundamental  attitudes  were  of 
chief  importance,  "very  decidedly 
stressed  the  necessit}^  of  objectivity  in 
psychology  and  indicated  an  advance 
from  the  older  introspectionist,  or  sub- 
jective, point  of  view."  By  the  older 
point  of  vievv  here  cannot  be  meant 
that  of  the  Scholastics,  for  they  were 
nothing  if  not  objective.  Ps.ychology, 
and  philosophy  in  general,  will  again 
become  objective  in  proportion  as  it  re- 
turns to  the  Metaphysics  of  the 
Schools. 


The  Denver  Catholic  Register  de- 
votes half  a  column  of  its  valuable  space 
to  a  report  of  an  address  delivered  by 
ex-Governor  Walton  of  Oklahoma,  in 
Avhich  that  worthy  attacks  the  Ku 
Klux  Klan  and  inveighs  against  the 
Protestant  preachers  of  Oklahoma,  of 
whom  no  less  than  85  to  90  per  cent  are 
accused  by  him  of  being  Klansmen. 
C'an  the  Catholic  press  do  anything 
more  harmful  to  the  Catholic  cause 
than  "boost"  this  convicted  boodler, 
who,  were  it  not  for  the  K.  K.  K., 
would  never  be  heard  from  anv  more? 


Dr.  Thomas  F.  Carter,  of  Columbia 
University,  after  a  two  years'  study 
of  the  subject  in  the  Orient  and 
among  the  archeological  collections  of 
Europe,  has  come  to  the  conclusion 
that  paper,  block-printing,  and  mova- 
ble type  all  originated  in  China  and 
were  later  carried  into  the  w^estern 
world.  He  says  that  paper  has  been 
found  in  that  country  dating  back  to 
107  A.  D.,  and  that  the  art  of  printing 
probably  crossed  over  into  Islam  in 
751.  The  knowledge  of  printing 
probably  traveled  slowly  across  this 
same  overland  route,  which  brought 
crusaders,  traders,  and  travelers  like 
Marco  Polo  into  the  Orient.  Dr. 
Carter  bases  his  conclusions  regarding 
the  slow  movement  of  this  art  from  the 
Orient  to  the  Occident  on  the  remains 
of  paper,  blocks  and  type  that  have 
been  found  at  various  points  along  this 
route. 

There  is  nothing  very  remarkable  in 
the  "Personal  Narrative"  of  Col. 
Henry  E.  Dosch,  of  Portland,  Ore., 
which  Mr.  Fred  Lockley  has  published 
in  a  pamphlet  titled  "Vigilante  Days 
at  Virginia  City."  Col.  Dosch  was  a 
native  of  Mayence.  He  came  to 
America  in  1860.  He  became  a  mem- 
ber of  Gen.  Fremont's  body-guard  in 
the  Civil  War  and  was  wounded ;  later 
he  served  as  a  pony  express  rider  for 
the  Wells-Fargo  Company.  He  settled 
in  Oregon  in  1864,  and  became  famous 
for  developing  walnut  tree  culture.  He 
Avas  also  instrumental  in  introdueting 
Louisiana   rice    into   Japan.      As    Col. 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


105 


Dosc'li  came  from  a  Catholic  part  of 
Germany  and  "vvas  married  by  a  Catho- 
lic priest,  we  presume  he  was  a  Catho- 
lic ;  if  so,  we  should  like  to  know  Avhy 
he  not  only  became  an  Odd  Fellow, 
but  rose  to  the  rank  of  Grand  Master 
of  that  society  in  Oregon. 

The  dates  given  by  Josephus  for 
events  one  thousand  or  more  years  be- 
fore his  time  are  not  reliable.  The 
Egyptian  and  Assyrian  inscriptions 
so  far  deciphered  make  it  probable  that 
the  Exodus  of  the  Jews  from  Egypt 
took  place  about  1300  B.  C,  possibly 
much  later.  The  renowned  18th  or 
Theban  Dynasty,  to  which  Tutankha- 
men belonged,  and  under  which  Egypt 
reached  the  zenith  of  her  glory,  was 
established  about  1600  B.  C,  and  was 
succeeded,  about  1350,  by  the  19th  dy- 
nasty, whose  first  four  kings  were 
Rameses  I,  Seti  I,  Rameses  II,  and 
Merenptah.  Recent  archeological  re- 
search supports  the  view  that 
Merenptali  was  the  Pharaoh  of  the 
Exodus.  Assuming,  then,  that 
Merenptah  ruled  about  1250  B.  C, 
we  get  this  as  the  remotest  date  of  the 
Exodus,  while  a  much  later  date,  say 
1200,  is  fully  admissible.  The  whole 
subject  is  obviously  conjectural  and 
hangs  largely  on  the  relialnlity  of  the 
dates  assumed  for  the  19th  dynasty. 


Dogmas  and  creeds  come  in  for  a 
good  deal  of  obloquy  nowadays.  This 
is  the  latest  heresy:  Drive  all  religion 
from  the  head  to  the  heart,  and  on 
that  establish  the  universal  brother- 
hood of  man.  If  you  teach  the  child 
that  there  is  but  one  God,  you  pre- 
pare it  to  disagree  with  those  who  were 
taught  that  there  are  many  gods,  or 
that  there  is  no  God,  and  thus  you  lay 
the  foundations  of  future  strife.  Were 
religion  the  only  cause  of  division,  says 
the  Catholic  Herald  of  India,  "this 
theory  would  be  plausible ;  but  what 
about  race,  nationality,  food, 
property  and  sex?  These  are  the  five 
main  sources  of  division  in  the  world. 
To  make  the  suppression  of  dogmatic 
religion  perfectly  rational,  it  should  be 
accompanied  by  the  suppression  of 
money,  color,  nationality,  sex,  clothes. 


pockets,  boundaries  and  frontiers,  and, 
if  possible,  stomachs.  This  would  re- 
duce man  to  the  felicitous  state  of  a 
pebble,  which  knows  neither  difference, 
nor  division,  nor  antipathy.  As  long 
as  we  are  left  with  these  numerous 
other  sources  of  division,  we  cannot  do 
without  the  revelation,  which  tells  us 
to  respect  our  neighbor's  life,  his  wife, 
and  sundry  articles  of  propertj^  though 
this  very  revelation  will  bring  us  into 
violent  collision  with  the  first  fool  who 
holds  that  God  never  issued  such  a  com- 
mandment. We  juight  break  his  head 
— a  regrettable  division — but  the  head 
of  one  fool  split  over  one  dogma  is 
worth  the  heads  of  a  thousand  wise 
men  the  same  dogma  has  saved. ' ' 


Capitalism  is  dying;  it  is  already 
past  its  working  age  and  has  become 
an  encumbrance  to  society.  Labor  has 
achieved  power  by  political  action  and 
by  the  trade  unions,  which  are  making 
Capitalism  unworkable.  The  indus- 
trial system  of  the  past  century  has 
depended  on  the  dominance  of  capital 
over  labor.  The  increased  power  of 
labor  is  mainly  a  power  to  strike  and 
to  secure  increased  doles  for  the  un- 
employed. It  is  killing  Capitalism,  but 
outside  the  limited  field  of  the  co- 
operative movement  we  do  not  see  any 
new  form  of  production  growing  in  its 
place. — The  Christian  Democrat,  IV, 
10. 


There  is  no  paper,  Catholic  or  laj', 
that  can  please  all,  but  no  paper  can 
progress  without  both  friends  and  op- 
ponents. The  one  seems  to  be  as  essen- 
tial as  the  other.  A  wise  editor  knows 
that  lively  opposition  is  a  good  sign. 
He  is  at  sea  only  when  beealmed.-^T/ie 
Tidings,  Los  Ana'eles,  Cal.,  Vol.  XXXI, 
No.  3. 


Eliminating  religion  from  morality, 
reason  becomes  the  slave  of  passion; 
and  the  only  supports  left  for  virtue 
are  the  natural  sentiments,  instincts, 
and  inclinations.  And  these  are  pre- 
cisely what,  when  unrestrained  by  re- 
ligion, leads  to  vice,  crime,  immorality, 
— ever}"  species  of  sin  and  iniquity. — • 
Dr.  0.  A.  Brownson. 


106 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


March  1 


Correspondence 


A    Terrible    Indictment 

To  tlie  Editor:  — 

In  one  of  the  recent  issues  of  the  Chicago 
Tribune  we  are  told  thot  Professor  Ansrell, 
of  the  University  of  Michigan,  conducted  an 
investigation  of  student  conditions  at  that 
institution,  the  results  of  which  are  as  fol- 
lows: (1)  that  college  no  longer  is  solely 
a  place  for  those  who  wish  to  become  cul- 
tured, and  that  the  students  are  interested  in 
the  external  rather  than  in  the  vital  things; 
(2)  that  three  forms  of  achievement  are 
coveted,  which  give  immediate  and  obvious 
glory,  namely,  places  on  athletic  teams,  editor- 
ships of  student  publications,  and  presiden- 
cies of  student  organizations.  As  a  conse- 
quence, scholarship  is  relegated  to  a  sub- 
ordinate position;  (3)  that,  with  athletic 
practice,  committee  meetings,  play  and  musi- 
cal club  rehearsals,  moving  pictures,  dances, 
intercollegiate  games,  and  hours  of  idle  talk 
about  these  and  other  diversions,  little  time 
is  left  for  study.  The  headlines  of  this 
notice:  "Michigan  Students  Do  Everything 
But  Study"  are,  therefore,  very  appropriate 
and  to  the  point. 

At  the  University  of  Wisconsin  conditions 
appear  to  be  even  worse,  for,  under  date  of 
January  27,  Judge  O.  A.  Stolen  of  Madison 
told  the  public  that  "taxis  are  called  to 
men's  rooming  houses  in  the  University  dis- 
trict at  2  o'clock  in  the  morning,  to  bring 
drunken  and  exhausted  girls  to  their  homes; 
that  two  girls  of  13  and  14,  respectively, 
were  brought  before  him,  both  venereally 
diseased;  and  that  60%  of  the  young  men 
in  Madison  either  are  or  have  been  so 
diseased. " 

This,  indeed,  is  a  terrible  indictment  of 
parents  as  well  as  of  the  faculties  who  tolerate 
such  conditions.  In  the  face  of  such  facts 
it  is  doubtful  whether  the  results  warrant 
the  enormous  expense  in  constructing,  main- 
taining and  endowing  such  ' '  seats  of 
learning, ' '  where  the  campus,  the  dance  hall, 
and  debauchery  are  considered  of  greater 
importance  than  study.  Certain  it  is  that 
young  men  and  women  are  out  of  place  in 
high  school,  college  or  university,  unless  they 
are  determined,  at  least  primarily,  to  apply 
themselves  to  the  acquisition  of  character 
and  knowledge.  Character,  of  course,  can- 
not be  developed  without  religion  and  dis- 
cipline, nor  can  knowledge  be  acquired  with- 
out diligent  study.  No  wonder  that  too  many 
of  our  young  people  look  upon  life  as  a 
plaything,  whereas,  in  reality  it  is  a  serious 
proposition. 

Professor  Angell  and  Judge  Stolen  are  to 
be  commended  for  fearlessly  placing  their 
fingers  upon  a  very  sore  spot.  But  we  have 
good  reason  to  doubt  that  the  warning  will 
be  heeded  by  the  parties  who  should  be  in- 
terested in   the   elimination  of   an  evil  which 


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THE  FOETNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


107 


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The    Case    of    Senator    Ashursfc 

To  the  Editor:— 

In  the  issue  of  the  F.  R.  appearing 
September  15,  1924,  at  page  353,  appears  an 
article  entitled:  "K.  of  C.  Freemasons." 
This  article  quotes  from  the  Fellowship 
Forum,  the  burden  of  the  quotation  being  to 
the  effect  that  Senator  Ashurst  of  Arizona  is 
a  32°  Mason  and  also  a  Fourth  Degree  Knight 
of  Columbus. 

My  attention  to  this  article  was  invoked 
by  the  editor  of  our  local  Catholic  paper,  the 
Western  American,  who  asked  me  to  ascer- 
tain the  truth  of  the  allegations. 

I  immediately  put  on  foot  an  investigation 
which  has  carried  me  to  the  Knights  of  Col- 
umbus of  Arizona,  to  Senator  Ashurst 's  own 
city  of  Flagstaff,  to  intimate  friends  of  the 
Senator,  and  to  his  own  office  in  Washington. 

The  substance  of  my  investigation  may  be 
summed  up  in  just  a  few  words:  Senator 
Ashurst  is  a  convert  to  the  Catholic  faith, 
and  there  is  no  question  but  that  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Masonic  order  until  his 
marriage,  his  marriage  and  conversion  oc- 
curring at  about  the  same  time.  Senator 
Ashurst  attends  church  and  receives  the 
sacraments  in  his  own  city,  and  the  prin- 
ciples for  Avhich  he  stands,  known  beyond 
peradventure  of  doubt  by  his  most  intimate 
associates,  would  not  permit  a  dual  affiliation 
such  as  charged  in  the  Fellowship  Forum. 

The  apparent  delay  in  furnishing  you  with 
the  results  of  my  investigation  is  due  to  the 
fact  that  I  have  been  audacious  enough  to 
request  the  Senator  to  issue  a  denial  of  the 
charges  made,  but  he  has  not  condescended 
to  do  so  to  the  present  writing.  As  one  of 
his  closest  friends  says:  "His  refusal  in 
this  regard  marks  him  as  a  big,  broad-gauged 
man  in  the  estimation  of  considerate  and 
thoughtful,  dignified  people. ' ' 

Might  it  not  be  well  in  re-publishing 
charges  of  this  character,  as  I  believe  is  the 
rule  of  debate,  to  require  the  proponents  to 
offer  substantiatmg  evidence  of  the  accusa- 
tions made?  Character  assassins  should  not 
be  allowed  to  ply  their  nefarious  trade  upon 
bald  assertion  only.  J.  J.  Driscoll, 

State  Deputy  K.  of  C.  of  Texas 
500  Court  House 
El  Paso,  Tex. 

[The  report  that  Senator  Ashurst  did  not 
give  up  his  affiliation  with  Freemasonry  when 
he  became  a  Catholic  was  current  in  Catholic 
circles  and  had  been  brought  to  the  attention 
of  the  F.  E.  long  before  it  was  confirmed  by 
Masonic  authority  in  the  Fellowship  Forum. 
If  the  reporif  is  untrue,  the  Senator  owes  it 
to  himself  and  to  his  Catholic  coreligionists 
to  deny  it.  That  he  refuses  to  do  so  merely 
deepens  the  suspicion  against  him. — Editor.] 


108 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


March  1 


A    Request 

To   the   Editor:— 

May  I  appeal  to  your  readers  to  send  me 
the  names  of  American  Catholics  of  German 
ancestry  who  have  held  the  rank  of  Brigadier- 
General  and  Major-General  m  either  the  re.i^- 
ular  or  volunteer  army?  I  shall  also  be  grate- 
ful for  names  of  Eear- Admirals  and  Com- 
modores. 

I  have  listed  several  names  in  both  the 
Army  and  Navy,  but  I  am  certain  there  were 
many  more.  Scannell   O'Neill, 

St.  Louis,  Mo.  778  N.  Euclid  Avenue 


Elxcerpts    from    Letters 

I  gladly  send  my  check  for  $3  subscription 
to  tiie  F.  R.,  with  appreciation  for  the  work 
you  are  doing. —  (Mt.  Rev.)  J.  J.  Harty,  Arch- 

bisJtop,  Bisliop  of  OmaJia,  Neb. 

As  to  raising  the  subscription  price  of  the 
F.  R.,  all  I  wish  to  say  is  that  anything 
half  so  good  as  your  publication  would  be 
cheap  even  at  twice  the  present  price.  En- 
closed you  will  find  a  check  to  cover  our  sub- 
scription for  three  years.  May  the  good 
Lord  continue  to  give  you  light  to  see  the 
truth  and  strength  to  defend  it. —  (F.  Rev.) 
Ferdinand  Gruen,  0.  F.  M.,  Rector  of  Quiiicy 
College,  Quincy,  III. 

Fr.  Beys,  in  Vol.  XXXI,  No.  24  of  the  F.  E. 
says :  ' '  When  a  man  who  owes  me  money 
refuses  to  pay  me,  I  take  the  strength  of  the 
law  and  the  police  force  of  the  country  to 
wrest  from  him  the  amount  of  his  debt. 
Such  has  been  the  action  of  France  in  the 
Ruhr."  Fr.  Beys  evidently  approves  of  this 
action.  What  if  the  U.  S.  would  take  pos- 
session of  French  territory  because  France 
refuses  to  pay  us  the  four  billion  dollars 
which  she  owes  us  since  the  war? — {Rev.) 
W.  Pietsch,  Liberty,  III. 

Enclosed  is  a  new  subscriber  for  1925.  I 
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2nd  ed.  London,  1922.  $1.35.  ' 

Snow,  Abbot  (O.  S.  B.)  St.  Gregory  the 
Great,  His  Work  and  Spirit,  2nd  ed. 
London,  1924.     $2. 

Hoss,  Anton  (S.  J.)  P.  Philip  Jeningen,  S. 
J.,  ein  Volksmissionar  und  Mystikcr  des 
17.  Jahrhunderts.  Nacli  den  Quellen 
bearbeitet.  Mit  9  Text  und  7  Tafelbildern. 
Freiburg  i.  B.,  1924.     $1.50. 

Index  Librorum  Prohibitorum  Smi.  D.  N. 
Leonis  XIII  iussu  et  auctoritate  editus. 
Eome,  1900.  $1. 

Bainvel,  J.  (S.  J.)  Devotion  to  the  Sacred 
Heart  of  Jesus,  its  History  and  Theology. 
Tr.  by  E.  Leahv,  ed.  by  Eev.  Geo.  O  'Neill, 
S.  J.  London,  1924.    $2.50. 

Conway,  Placid,  0.  P.  The  Lives  of  the 
Brethren  of  the  Order  of  Preachers,  1206 
— 1259.  Edited  with  Notes  and  an  Intro- 
duction by  Fr.  Bede  Jarrett,  O.  P.  London, 
1924.     $1.35. 

Alphonsus,  St.  The  Mysteries  of  the  Faith 
and  the  Eedemption.  Eeflections,  Medi- 
tations, and  Devotions,  Ed.  by  the  Late 
Bishop  Coffin.     London,  1924.  $2. 

THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 
5851    Etzel    Ave.  St,    Louis,    Mo. 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


109 


A  True  Biography 

not  only  shoAvs  ns  men  with  their 
halo,  but  also  their  delinquencies. 
You  find  this  rule  applies  to  all  true 
biographies,  Avith  only  one  excep- 
tion, namely,  that  of  Our  Lord  and 
Saviour. 

The  Prophetical  Biography  of 
Jesus  Christ 

is  a  most  notal)le  ])(K)k,  written  by 
that   inspired   penman. 

Rev.    V.    KruU,    C.PP.S. 


Foi-  sale  at  all  Catholic  Book  stores 
at  75  cts.  a  copy  or  direct  from  the 
Pul)lisher, 

JOHN  W.  WINTERICH,  Cleveland"  "o. 


BOOK  REVIEWS 


Victor  J.  Klutho 

Architect  and 
Superintendent 

Churches,  Schools,  and  Institutions 

Syndicate  Trust  Building 
Tenth  and  Olive  Streets 
Saint    Louis,  Missouri 

niinois  Licensed  Engineer 

EMIL  FREI  ART  GLASS  CO. 

Stained  Glass  Windows 

and 

Glass  Mosaics 

Munich      -      St.  Louis      -       New  York 
Address  3934  S.  Grand  Blvd.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 


MISSIONARY    SISTERS 

Numerous  Sisters  are  needed  in  our 
foreign  fields.  For  details  in  regard  to 
admission  into  the  Community  of  the  Mis- 
sionary Sisters,  Servants  of  the  Holy 
Ghost,  write  to  Sister  Provincial,  Holy 
Ghost  Convent,   Techny,  111. 


Christian  Solidarism 

Volume  V  ("Der  volkswirtsehaftliche  Pro- 
zess :  Tausehverkehr,  Einkommens-  unci  Ver- 
mogensbildung,  Storungen  des  volkswirt- 
sehaftliehen  Prozesses")  concludes  Father 
Heinrieh  Peseh  's  monumental  * '  Lehrbuch  der 
Nationalokonomie "  (Herder),  the  first 
systematic  attempt  to  apply  Christian  Soli- 
darism to  the  ecouomic  conditions  of  a  modern 
nation  (Germany).  The  system  developed  by 
this  learned  Jesuit  is  thoroughly  sound  and 
strives  for  the  greatest  possible  and  most 
lasting  equalization  of  prosperity  by  means 
of  a  well-developed  social  interest  and  a  firm 
determination  to  place  the  welfare  of  all 
above  private  advantage.  A  system  such 
as  this,  the  Central  Bureau  of  the  Central 
Verein  justly  said  in  a  recent  press  bulletin, 
certainly  appeals  to  the  downtrodden,  be- 
cause it  offers  them  deliverance  from  social 
and  economic  injustice;  but  it  must  also  ap- 
peal to  the  so-called  upper  classes  because  it 
presents  to  them  a  noble  ideal,  the  embodi- 
ment of  a  sacred  duty,  which  can  be  achieved 
by  means  not  at  all  "radical."  Finally,  and 
this  is  most  important,  the  Solidarism  of 
Father  Pesch,  unlike  Socialism,  is  realizable 
through  the  good  will  of  men. 

To  know  these  five  solid  volumes  of  Pesch 's 
"Lehrbuch"  and  to  make  them  known  is 
not  merely  a  privilege,  but  a  social  duty.  Let 
us  hope  that  some  competent  sociologist  will 
in  a  similar  manner  apply  Christian  Solidar- 
ism to  American  conditions,  showing  how  it 
can  cure  our  particular  social  evils  and  bring 
about  an  era  of  lasting  peace,  equality,  pros- 
perity, and  happiness.  We  venture  'to  sav 
that  our  mucli-vaunted  democracy  will  not  be 
.•I  success  unless  its  champions  adopt  Chris- 
tian Solidarism. 


Literary  Briefs 

— Quite  the  finest  parish  history,  typo- 
graphically, that  has  reached  us  for  some  time 
IS  that  of  St.  Agatha's  Church,  Meadville, 
Pa.,  commemorating  the  75th  anniversary  of 
the  organization  of  St.  Agatha's  Parish, 
Meadville,  Pa.,  and  the  golden  jubilee  of  its 
church.  Tlie.  author.  Father  Andrew  J. 
Weschler,  who  is  the  present  pastor  of  the 
parish,  has  evidently  gone  to  a  great  deal  of 
labor  to  search  the  records  and  presents  a  his- 
tory that  goes  back  to  the  early  settlement 
of  Meadville  and  is  as  readable  as  it  is  valu- 
able for  the  many  items  of  information  which 
it  incorporates.  St.  Agatha's  parish  has  the 
rare  distinction  of  having  given  four  brothers 
to  the  holy  priesthood — Fathers  Edward  J., 
Cornelius  C,  Alexis  A.,  and  Alfred  J. 
Fischer.  Among  its  former  pastors  were  such 
staunch  friends  of  the  F.  E.  as  Msgr.  M.  J. 
Decker  and  the  Eev.  Geo.  Meyer.  The  pres- 
ent pastor.  Father  Weschler,  is  likewise  an 
old  and  tried  friend  of  this  magazine.     We 


110 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


March  1 


Do  You  Contemplate 

a  New  Church  or  School? 

Our  Architectural  Department  is  especially  qualified  to  serve  you.  Mr.  Louis 
Preuss  is  in  charge  of  this  department.  He  is  of  mature  years.  His  knowledge  of 
architecture  rests  not  alone  on  his  practical  training  and  European  studies,  but 
also  on  many  years  of  experience  in  prominent  architectural  offices  and  in  the 
practice  of  architecture  under  his  own  name.  His  early  training,  the  knowledge 
gained  in  his  studies  abroad,  and  his  wide  experience  unquestionably  place  Mr. 
Preuss  in  the  foremost  rank  of  American  architectural  designers,  especially  for 
religious   art. 

Widmer  Engineers  render  such  cooperation  as  is  necessary  to  the  Architectural 
Department,  and  Widmer  field  forces  are  at  your  disposal  if  you  desire  them.  Thus, 
one  master  organization  may  handle  your  entire  project. 

Our  method  of  operating  not  only  tends  towards  efficiency  through  quick 
completion  of  your  building,  but  also  eliminates  pyramiding  of  architects',  engi- 
neers', sub-contractors'  and  general  contractors'  fees.  It  centralizes  the  re- 
sponsibility. It  effects  substantial  savings.  The  cost  of  your  building  can  be  guaran- 
teed before  you  start. 

An  interview  involves  no  obligation.      Write  or  telephone  us. 

WIDMER  ENGINEERING  CO. 

Architects  —  Engineers 
LACLEDE  GAS  BLDG.  ST.  LOUIS,  MO. 


congratulate  him  upon  his  success  as  pastor 
and  historian,  and  trust  that  this  tine  souve- 
nir Avill  be  appreciated  as  it  deserves  to  be, 
and  cause  the  members  of  St.  Agatha's  to 
emulate  the  worthy  examjile  of  their  fore- 
bears here  set  forth  with  such  fine  scholarship 
and  excellent  taste. 

— The  parishioners  of  SS.  Peter  and  Paul's 
Parish,  Mankato,  Mimi.,  have  issued  a  beauti- 
ful souvenir  commemorating  the  golden  jubi- 
lee of  the  Jesuit  Fathers  as  pastors  of  that 
congregation.  Father  W.  B.  Sommerhauser, 
S.  J.,  the  present  pastor,  who  is  an  occasional 
contributor  to  the  F.  E.,  has  had  the  kind- 
ness to  send  us  a  copy  of  this  dainty  book- 
let, which  we  have  perused  w'ith  genuine  pleas- 
ure. The  booklet  contains  a  brief  sketch  of 
the  history  of  the  Society  of  Jesus,  a  con- 
spectus of  the  Missouri  Province  of  the  So- 
ciety, to  which  the  Fathers  at  Mankato  be- 
long, and  a  short  account  of  Jesuit  activities 
in  SS.  Peter  and  Paul 's  Parish,  which  was 
founded  in  1856  by  the  Eev.  V.  Sommereisen 
and  put  in  charge  of  the  Jesuits  in  1874.  The 
first  Jesuit  pastor  was  Fr.  Peter  Schnitzler. 
The  present  staff  includes  such  excellent 
friends  of  the  F.  E.  as  Fr.  Sommerhauser,  the 
pastor,  and  Frs.  J.  B.  Kessel  and  Theo. 
Hegemann.  Fr.  Kessel  is  gratefully  remem- 
bered by  the  editor  of  the  F.  E.,  having  been 
his  first  teacher  of  the  evidences  of  the  Chris- 
tian religion  at  Canisius  College,  Buffalo,  N. 


Y.,  in  1884.  These  and  many  other  former 
pastors  and  assistants  of  SS.  Peter  and  Paul 's 
parish,  as  also  the  priests  sprung  from  that 
parish,  are  portrayed  and  their  careers  sketch- 
ed in  this  beautifully  printed  and  handsomely 
illustrated  souvenir  volume.  The  record  of 
the  parish  in  priestly  vocations  is  justly  de- 
scribed as  ' '  glorious. ' '  The  oldest  of  these 
priests  is  our  good  friend  and  long-time  sub- 
scriber, Fr.  Martin  Dentinger,  C.  PP.  S. 
Quite  naturally  the  majority  of  the  priests 
produced  by  this  parish,  fourteen  in  number, 
joined  the  Society  of  Jesus.  No  less  than  87 
girls  of  the  j^arish  became  religious,  mostly 
in  the  Notre  Dame  Order.  We  have  often 
heard  SS.  Peter  and  Paul's  Parish  of 
Mankato,  Minn.,  referred  to  as  "a  model 
parish. ' '  After  reading  this  souvenir  we  can 
understand  why  it  should  enjoy  this  distin- 
guished honor  and  why  Bishop  Joseph  A. 
Murphy,  S.  J.,  Vicar-Apostolic  of  British 
Honduras,  should  tell  Fr.  Sommerhauser  in  his 
letter  of  congratulation  that  ' '  of  all  the 
places  in  the  Missouri  Province  [of  the  So- 
ciety of  Jesus]  that  [of  superior  at 
Mankato]  is  the  one  I  would  choose  if  I  were 
asked  where  I  would  like  to  be  superior." 

—The  V.  Eev.  Father  Benedict  Eoth,  O. 
S.  B.,  sub-prior  of  St.  Leo  Abbey,  continues 
his  iiiAaluable  collection  of  historical  notes 
on  the  church  history  of  Florida  which  appear 
in  occasional  installments  under  the  title  of 


1925 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


111 


"Brief  History  of  the  Churches  of  the  Dio- 
cese of  St.  Augustine,  Florida. ' '  Part  Four, 
comprising  pages  77  to  116,  contains  Fr. 
Clavreul's  funeral  sermon  for  Bishop  Verot 
— the  first  bishop  of  St.  Augustine,  a  prelate 
of  extraordinary  attainments,  who  took  a 
very  active  part  in  the  debates  of  the  Vatican 
Council — ;  hisforical  sketches  of  the  parishes 
of  Hawthorne,  Ocala,  and  Summerfield,  and 
of  the  former  missions  of  Dunnellon — whose 
curious  church  building,  designed  by  our  old 
friend,  the  late  Geo.  E.  Ledvina,  now  serves 
as  a  club-house  for  women — ,  Welshton,  and 
Boardman ;  and  biographical  notes  on  the  Kev. 
D.  A.  G.  Bottolaccio,  late  pastor  of  Ocala: 
the  Eev.  J.  D.  Brislan,  S.  J.,  late  pastor  of 
West  Palm  Beach,  and  the  Rev.  L.  M.  Wilde,  a 
Belgian  missionary  who  died  at  St.  Augustine 
in  1921.  We  fear  Fr.  Benedict's  labors  in 
collecting  and  printing  these  materials  are 
not  properly  appreciated  by  the  present  gen- 
eration of  Florida  Catholics;  but  there  can 
be  no  doubt  that  future  church  historians  will 
bless  his  name.  (St.  Leo,  Fla. :  Abbey 
Press). 

—In  ''The  Philosophy  of  St.  Thomas 
Aquinas,"  by  Etienno  Gilson,  translated  by 
Edward  Bullough  and  edited  by  the  Eev. 
G.  A.  Elrington,  O.  P.,  we  have  a  compact 
and  useful  introduction  to  the  philosophical 
teaching  of  the  Angelic  Doctor,  by  a  French 
savant  who  is  regarded  as  an  authority  on 
the  subject.  Between  a  first  chapter  on  the 
life  and  problem  of  St.  Thomas,  and  a  con- 
cluding one  on  the  spirit  of  the  Thomistic 
philosophy,  Prof.  Gilson  summarizes  the 
teaching  of  the  "Princeps  Scholasticorum " 
concerning  faith  and  reason.  Theism,  crea- 
tion, the  angels,  body  and  soul,  the  human 
act,  and  the  last  end  of  man.  The  book  is 
competently  written,  though  perhaps  not  so 
critical  as  one  might  wish,  and  the  trans- 
lation leaves  little  to  be  desired.  There  is 
a  curious  slip  on  page  97,  where  it  is  stated 
that  a  possible  is  something  that  "possesses 
already  a  certain  degree  of  existence."  (B. 
Herder  Book  Co.) 


H 


New  Books  Received 


The  Cloud  of  Unknowing  and  Other  Treatises, 
By  an  English  Mystic  of  the  Fourteenth 
Century.  With  a  Commentary  on  the  Cloud 
by  Father  Augustine  Baker,  O.  S.  B.  Edited 
by  Dom  Justin  McCann.  lii  &  406  pp. 
16mo.  (The  Orchard  Books— No.  4). 
Benziger  Bros.  $1.65  net. 

Mary  Rose,  Sophomore.  By  Mary  Mabel 
Wirries.  176  pp.  12mo.  Benziger  Bros. 
$1   net. 

Organising  the  Parish  for  Concerted  Action. 
Issue  No.  21  of  the  O.  S.  O.  1923  Parish 
Information  Service.  32  pp.  16mo.  Effing- 
ham, 111.:  Y.  M.  S.  State  Office. 


Proposed  Institute  of  Chemo-Medical  Research 
at  Georgetoivn  University,  Washington,  D. 
C.    (Pamphlet,  not  paginated). 

The  Future  Independence  and  Progress  of 
American  Medicine  in  the  Age  of  Chemistry. 
A  Eeport  by  John  J.  Abel,  Carl  L.  Alsberg, 
Eaymond  F.  Bacon,  and  Others.  96  pp. 
16mo.  Published  by  the  Journal  of  In- 
dustrial and  Engineering  Chemistry,  New 
York  City. 

Talks  With-  Our  Daughters.  By  Sister 
Eleanore,  C.  S.  C,  Ph.  D.,  St.  Mary's 
College,  Notre  Dame,  Ind.  128  pp.  16mo. 
Benziger  Bros.  Cloth,  $1.25  net;  ooze  lea- 
ther, gold  edges,  $2  net. 

Sayings  of  the  Seraphic  Virgin,  S.  Catherine 
of  Siena,  Arranged  for  Every  Day  in  the 
Year.  By  a  Gleaner  Mid  God's  Saints. 
With  an  Introductory  Essay  by  Abbot 
Ford,  0.  S.  B.  xxi  &  126  pp.  16mo.  $1.75 
net.     Benziger  Bros. 

Meditations  and  Readings  for  Every  Day  in 
the  Year,  Selected  from  the  Spiritual  ll'rit- 
ings  of  Saint  Alphonsus.  Volume  I,  Part 
II.  Edited  by  John  Bapt.  Coyle,  C.  SS.  E. 
xvi  &  388  pp"  12mo.  B.  Herder  Book  Co. 
$1.60  net. 

Novena  of  Grace  and  Other  Devotions  in 
Honor  of  St.  Francis  Xavier,  S.  J.  By 
Eev.  J.  B.  Kesselj  S.  J.  Second  edition. 
24  pp.  32nio.  $4  per  100,  plus  postage. 
Mankato,  Minn.:  Eev.  J.  B.  Kessel,  S.  J., 
130  N.  6th  Str. 


A  Catholic  newspaper  of  superior 
merit,  which  appeals  to  readers  outside 
of  its  own  local  environment.  It  con- 
tains a  great  deal  of  information  which 
will  not  be  found  in  any  other  paper. 

Father  F.  Eombouts,  of  New  Orleans, 
says  in  the  Dec.  15,  3  924,  issue  of  the 
Fortnightly  Review:  "First  the  F.  E., 
second  The  Echo — ?.nd  all  the  rest  is 
simply  filling. ' ' 


SEND  FOE  A  SAMPLE   COPY 


THE  ECHO 

564  Dodge  St.         Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


112 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


March  1 


A  SPRINKLE  OF  SPICE 


An  old  Irish  woman  was  dying.  The  priest 
in  attendance  found  that  Biddy  was  far  from 
being  resigned  to  quit  this  life.  To  bring  her 
to  a  hapjjier  frame  of  mind  he  quietly  re- 
cnlled  to  her  the  joys  awaiting  her  in  Heaven, 
Avhen  she  interposed  with,  ' '  Ah,  but,  your 
Reverence,  there's  no  tay  in  Heaven,  and 
what  shall  I  do  without  my  cup  of  tay?" 
His  Reverence  immediately  rose  to  the  occa- 
sion with  the  comforting  assurance  that 
' '  there  is  plenty  of  tay  in  Heaven. "  "  Why, 
my  good  woman,  haven't  you  heard  of  lauda- 
mus  te,  benedicimus  te,  adoramus  te,  and 
glorificamus  te?  Isn't  that  enough  for  you?" 
Biddy  became  resigned,  and  died  content. — 
Liverpool   Catholic   Times. 


Thirteen  non-Catholics  of  Oklahoma  City, 
with  one  lone  Catholic  horning  in,  presented 
the  Bishop  with  a  billiard  table  for  Christ- 
mas. They  said  that  he  could  get  some 
exercise  out  of  the  game,  estimating  that 
for  each  fifty  points  he  made  he  would  have 
to  walk  a  mile.  He  tried  it  and  walked  five 
miles  before  he  had  scored  eighteen  points. 
Along  came  Tulsa  with  a  non-Catholic  gentle- 
man presenting  him  with  a  life  membership  in 
a  golf  club.  It  costs  five  miles  to  win 
eighteen  holes  there.  Evidently  both  cities 
think  that  a  bishop  without  muscular  develop- 
ment is  an  undesirable  citizen.  Trying  to 
live  up  to  Oklahoma  hints  will  leave  the 
Bishop  with  only  a  modicum  of  the  corporeal 
development  he  brought  from  Chicago.  May- 
be it  is  that  Oklahoma  wants  him  to  be 
born  again. — Bishop  E.  C  Kelley  in  the 
Southwest  Courier,  Oklahoma  City. 


The  Baptist  young  people,  under  the  es- 
pionage of  Mrs.  W.  H.  Brown,  gave  a  very 
enjoyable  fish  fry  on  the  beach  Friday 
evening. — Pensacola   (Fla.)   Journal. 

These  Baptist  people  must  be  different 
from  our  own  Bishop  Kelley,  of  Oklahoma, 
who  at  a  banquet  recently  given  him  an- 
nounced that  while  he  w^as  a  Catholic  from 
the  top  of  his  head  to  the  soles  of  his  feet, 
he  nevertheless  had  a  Protestant  stomach, 
as  he  never  did  like  fish. 


Father  Bampton,  S.  J.,  the  famous  London 
Jesuit,  made  a  deep  impression  on  radio  fans 
by  an  address  he  lately  gave  from  a  prominent 
broadcasting  station.  But  at  least  one  dear 
old  lady  seems  to  have  been  somewhat  be- 
fogged as  to  the  identity  and  personality  of 
the  speaker,  for  she  asked:  "Who  is  this 
Mr.  Bampton  who  spoke  on  the  wireless?" 
A  friend  told  her :  "  He  is  a  Jesuit ; ' '  where- 
upon the  old  lady  exclaimed:  "Dear  me! 
I  thought  he  was   a   Christian  gentleman !  ' ' 


Speculation  is  now  busy  with  the  question 
of  just  what  would  the  Governor  of  Texas 
say  to  the  Governor  of  Wyoming  if  the  two 
met. 


New  Publications 

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The  Philosophy  of  St.  Thomsis  Aquineis. 

Authorized  Translation  from  the  Third 
Revised  Edition  of  "Le  Thomisme" 
l)y  FAienne  Gilson.  Translated  by 
Edward  Bullough,  M.  A.  Edited  by 
Rev.  G.  A.  Elrington,  0.  P.,  D.  Sc. 
Cloth,  Svo.,  XVI  &  288  pages,  with 
frontisjjiece,  net  $2.25. 

The   Valley  of  Peace. 

By  Lida  L.  Coghlan.  Cloth,  8vo.,  282 
pages,  art  jacket,  net  $1.50. 

Father    Tim's    Talks    With    People    He 
Met. 

By  C.  D.  McEnniry,  C.  SS.  R.  Volume 
Five.  Cloth,  8vo.,  IV  &  185  pagea,  net 

$1.00. 

The  Psalms. 

A  Study  of  the  Vulgate  Psalter  in 
the  Light  of  the  Hebrew  Text.  By  Bev. 
Patrick  Boylan,  M.  A.  Volume  Two. 
(Psalms  LXXII— CL.)  Large  8vo., 
XII  &  404  pages,  net  $6.25. 

The  Tower  to  Tyburn. 

A  London  Pilgrimage  by  P.  J. 
Chandlery,  S.  J.  Cloth  Svo.,  XII  & 
164  pages,  and  copious  illustrations, 
net   $2.25. 

St.   Benedict. 

A  Character  Study.  From  the  Pen 
of  Bt.  Bev.  Ildephonse  Herwegen,  0. 
S.  B.,  Abbot  of  Maria  Laach.  Trans- 
lated by  Dom  Peter  Nugent,  O.  S.  B. 
Cloth,  8vo.,  184  pagea,  net  $2.25, 

The  Cure  of  Ars. 

(The     Blessed     Jean-Baptiste     Marie 

Vianney.)       By     the  Abie      Alfred 

Monnin.      Translation  and    Notes   by 

Bertram     Wolferstan,  S.     J.     Cloth, 

large  Svo.,  558  pages,  illustrated,  net 
$6.25. 

The     Problem     of     Evil     and     Human 
Destiny. 

From  the  German  of  the  Bev.  Otto 
Zimmermann,  S.  J.,  by  the  Rev.  John 
S.  Zybura.  With  Introduction  by  the 
Right  Rev.  Joseph  Sehrembs,  D.  D. 
Cloth,  Svo.,  XIV  &  135  pages,  net  90 
cents. 

The    Virtues    of   the    Divine    Child   and 
Other   Papers. 

By  the  late  Daniel  Considine,  S.  J. 
With  an  Introductory  Memoir  by  P. 
C.  Devas,  S.  J.  Cloth,  Svo.,  XXIV  & 
204  pages,  net  $2.00. 


B.  Herder  Book  Co. 

1 7     South    Broadvray,     St.     Louis,    Mo. 


The  Fortnig:htly  Review 


VOL.  XXXII,  NO.  6 


ST.  LOUIS,  MISSOITKI 


March  15tli,  1925 


CHRONICLE  AND  COMMENT 


Catholics  in  the  House  of  Lords 

Mr.  Asquitli's  earldom  opens  up  the 
contingent  prospect  of  an  increase  of 
Catholic  strength  in  the  House  of 
Lords.  The  heir  to  the  new  peerage, 
Master  Julian  Asquith — henceforth  to 
bear  tlie  courtesy  title  of  V^iscount 
Asquith — is  being  brought  up  a  (Cath- 
olic. His  mother,  the  widow  of  Cap- 
tain Raymond  Asquith,  who  fell  in  the 
AVorld  War,  was  received  into  the 
Cliurch  last  year.  ' '  It  has  been  said, ' ' 
comments  the  Tablet,  "that  the  Cath- 
olic faith  makes  but  little  headway  in 
the  Upper  House,  and  relatively  tliis 
is  SO;  but  all  the  same,  it  is  not  a 
negligible  strength  which  can  count  a 
duke,  a  marquess,  eleven  earls,  three 
viscounts,  and  thirty-one  barons.  Sev- 
eral Catholic  baronesses  in  their,  own 
right  would  make  the  roll  larger  if 
they  had  the  privilege  now  enjoyed  1)y 
their  sex  in  'another  place.'  From 
time  to  time  conversion  adds  a  name  to 
the  list  of  peers:  in  this  year's  English 
Catholic  Directory,  for  instance.  Lord 
Rotherham  finds  inclusion  for  the  first 
time  among  his  co-religionists  of  the 
faith." 

The  Borah  Bill 

It  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  new  Con- 
gress v/ill  put  an  end  to  the  alien  i)rop- 
ert,y  scandal  by  passing  the  Borah  bill 
and  thus  restoring  to  German  nationals 
the  private  propertj^  seized  from  them 
during  the  World  War.  By  such  ac- 
tion the  U.  S.  will  re-establish  for  it- 
self, at  least,  the  decent  policy  it  in- 
augurated in  the  days  of  AVashington 
and  steadfastly  pursued,  until  1917, 
when  it  Avas  led  astray  by  its  European 
associates.  The  confiscation  of  private 
enemy  property  in  war  has  always  been 
considered  as  disreputable,  and  was  so 
denounced  by  our  Supreme  Court  as 
long  ago  as  1796.    During  none  of  our 


-\Aars  since  the  Revolution  have  we 
seized  private  enemy  property  on  land, 
even  for  purposes  of  segregation.  "The 
fact  that  our  officials  shamefully  be- 
trayed that  trust  in  the  ettort  to  gain 
economic  advantage  for  American  in- 
dustries," says  the  Nation  (No.  3111), 
' '  does  ]iot  alter  any  of  the  original  and 
fundamental  principles ;  it  is  time  that 
we  reeognizecl  them  and  acted' accord- 
ingly, even  though  we  have  to  undo  ac- 
complished facts  and  pay  damages  for 
our  wantonness. ' ' 

*'Divus  Thomas" 

There  are  now  two  reviews  bearing 
the  name  of  "Divus  Thomas,"  the  late 
Msgr.  Commer's  old  Jahrhuch  filr  Phi- 
losophie  unci  spekulative  Theologie, 
row  published  as  Divus  Thomas  by  two 
Dominican  Fathers  of  the  University 
of  Fribourg,  Switzerland,  and  the  Ital- 
ian quarterly  of  the  same  name  recent- 
ly revived  b}-  the  Collegio  Alberoni  at 
Piacenza,  Italy.  The  latter  has  sent 
us  its  "Series  Tertia — Annus  Primus," 
a  paper-covered  volume  of  280  octavo 
pages,  containing  "Enarrationes,"  or 
commentaries  on  some  particular  pass- 
ages in  the  writings  of  the  Angelic 
Doctor;  "Dissertationes,"  treating  not 
only  of  theology  and  philosophy,  but 
also  of  questions  of  exegesis,  church 
history,  and  Canon  Law  closely  con- 
nected with  theology;  summaries  of 
current  review  articles  pertaining  to 
St.  Thomas  and  his  teaching;  book  re- 
views, and  a  scientific  chronicle. 

This  review  has  a  pronouncedly  in- 
ternational character.  Its  predominant 
language  is  Latin,  but  some  of  the 
articles  and  criticisms  are  written  in 
Italian,  French,  English,  German,  and 
Spanish.  Articles  composed  in  these 
five  languages  are  summarized  in  Latin 
in  the  appendix.  Beginning  with  this 
3"ear  the  Divus  Thomas  is  again  to  ap- 


114 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY   REVIEW 


March  15 


pear  in  (luarterly  installments.  It  is 
edited  by  the  learned  faculty  of  the 
Alberoni  Coxlege,  and  we  hope  it  will 
find  many  subscribers  in  the  U.  S. 
There  is  no  better  means  of  keeping 
abreast  with  the  Thomistic  revival  thaii 
the  regular  perusal  of  this  ably  edited 
and  well  printed  quarterly  review, 
Avhich  is  published  by  the  renowned 
Casa  Editrice  Marietti  of  Turin.  The 
subscription  price  is  28  lire  per  annum 
outside  of  Italy. 

The  Inventor  of  the  Typewriter 

France  recently  celebrated  a  jubi- 
lee in  lionor  of  Charles  Guillemot,  the 
inventor  of  the  typewriter.  Guillemot 
may  have  invented  the  writing  ma- 
chine, but  the  man  who  made  it  prac- 
tical was  Christopher  Latham  Sho.es, 
of  Milwaukee.  I'here  is  no  date  more 
clearly  established  in  the  history  oi; 
any  invention  than  March  1,  1873, 
when  Sholes  made  his  contract  with  E. 
Remington  &  Sons  at  Ilion,  N.  Y.,  for 
the  manufacture  of  the  first  practical 
writing  machine.  Actual  manufacture 
began  in  September  of  that  year,  and 
the  first  machines  were  completed  and 
sold  in  January,  1S74. 

The  reason  why  the  name  of  the  man 
wdio  rendered  a  service  of  such  magni- 
tude has  remained  so  long  in  compara- 
tive obscurity  is  that  from  the  very 
first  his  invention  bore  the  name  of  the 
manufacturer.  For  this  there  were  a 
number  of  good  business  reasons,  but 
its  natural  consequence  was  to  delay 
for  many  years  an  adequate  recogni- 
tion of  the  honor  due  to  Sholes  for  his 
great  invention.  Indeed  it  was  not 
until  the  year  1923,  when  the  fiftieth 
anniversary  of  the  typewriter  was 
universally  observed,  that  the  service 
rendered  by  Sholes  became  generally 
known  and  recognized. 

The  Schismatics  of  the  Near  East 

Branches  of  the  "Catholic  Union" 
have  lately  been  established  in  this 
country.  This  is  a  society  organized 
some  years  ago  by  Fr.  Augustine  von 
Galen,  0.  S.  B.,  with  the  approbation 
of   the   Roman    Congregation   for   the 


Oriental  Church,  for  the  conver.sion  of 
the  schismatics  of  the  near  East, — Rus- 
sia, the  Ukraine,  Bulgaria,  Servia, 
Greece,  Rumania,  and  Albania,  whose 
faith  differs  little  from  ours,  except 
that  they  do  not  acknowledge  the 
primacy  of  the  Holy  See.  The  time 
seems  to  have  come  when  w^e  may  bring 
these  erring  sheep  back  to  the  fold  of 
the  Good  Shepherd.  There  is  a  great 
longing  for  this  return,  especially 
among  the  intellectual  classes  in  Russia 
and  the  Ukraine.  Now,  by  joining  the 
Catholic  Union,  an  opportunity  is  offer- 
ed to  every  Catholic  to  work  for  the 
return  of  these  separated  brethren.  The 
Catholic  Union  proposes  to  effect  this 
by  fervent  prayers  for  this  intention ; 
by  the  erection  and  maintenance  of 
seminaries  for  the  training  of  young 
men  and  boys  who  wish  to  dedicate 
their  lives  to  the  work  of  the  union ; 
and  by  the  circulation  of  suitable  re- 
ligious writings.  The  conditions  for 
belonging  to  the  Catholic  Union  are, 
to  recite  daily  the  invocations :  ' '  That 
Thou  wouldst  vouchsafe  to  recall  all 
erring  people  to  the  unity  of  the 
church,  we  beseech  Thee  to  hear  us," 
"St.  Josaphat,  pra}^  for  us"  and  to 
make  an  annual  offering  for  the  benefit 
of  the  Catholic  Union. 

The  Union  is  represented  in  St.  Louis 
by  the  Rev.  E.  H.  Amsinger,  S.  T.  L., 
744  S.  3rd  Str. 

Religious  Education  in  Indiana 

Volume  three  of  the  Religious  Educa- 
tion Survey  Schedules  (Doran)  is  de- 
voted to  a  Survey  of  Religious  Educa- 
tion in  Indiana,  which  was  chosen  as  a 
representative  American  State.  The 
survey  was  made  under  the  direction  of 
Walter  S.  Athearn,  of  Boston  Univers- 
ity, and  deals  primarily  with  religious 
education  in  the  local  Protestant  chur- 
ches ;  but  a  large  part  of  the  volume  is 
given  to  study  of  religious  education  in 
all  its  phases  in  the  community.  AVhat 
are  the  communitv  training  schools, 
Y.  M.  C.  A.s,  Y.  W.  C.  A.s,  the  Boy 
Scouts,  the  Girl  Scouts,  the  Camp  Fire 
Girls,  the  Woodcraft  Girls,  etc.,  doing 
in  the  line  of  religious  education  ?  They 
are  doing  a  good  deal  more,  by  the  way, 


1925 


THE    FOETNIGHTLY   REVIEW 


115 


than  many  of  us  realize.  Section  eig:ht 
is  devoted  to  religious  education  m  the 
public  schools.  Here  only  a  very  slight 
beginning  has  been  made.  A  good  deal 
is  being  done  in  the  line  of  week-day 
religious  schools.  Evidently  the  Prot- 
estant churches  are  more  and  more 
awakening  to  the  value  of  religious 
■education  for  the  young,  and  the  pas- 
tors are  bringing  the  children  together 
not  only  in  the  Sunday  School  but  for 
week-day  instruction  under  their  own 
supervision. 

"This,"   comments   Christian   Work 
(New  York,  Vol.  117,  No.  10),  "is  as 


it  should  be.  Every  pastor  in  the 
United  States  should  be  putting  one- 
quarter  of  his  time  into  instructing  the 
children  in  religion.  If  he  did  that 
he  would  save  pretty  nearly  all  of  them 
for  his  church.  Every  child  in  his 
parish  ought  to  graduate  into  the 
church  some  Easter  Sunday  just'  the 
same  as  he  does  from  the  grade  school 
into  the  high  school  in  his  secular  work. 
There  is  an  interesting  series  of 
schedules  used  for  religious  education 
in  the  home.  We  are  afraid  there  is 
very  little  of  this."    ...  - -: 


An  Epochal  Work  in  the  History  and  Study  of  Man 

By  the  Rev.   Albert  Muntsch,  S.  J.,   St.   Louis  University 


For  two  decades  the  Rev.  William 
Schmidt,  S.  V.  D.,  founder  of 
Anthropos,  the  international  journal  of 
ethnology  and  linguistics,  has  been  en- 
riching scholarship  with  contributions 
to  the  sciences  of  ethnology,  linguistics, 
and  comparative  religion.  In  some 
questions  pertaining  to  these  intricate 
fields  of  research,  as,  for  instance,  the 
culture  of  the  Pygmean  races,  the  re- 
ligion of  the  primitives,  and  the  rela- 
tions of  the  Australasian  languages,  he 
is  deservedly  regarded  as  a  master.  He 
has  contributed  to  some  of  the  leading 
journals  of  anthropology  in  England, 
France,  and  Germany,  and  his  opinions 
are  often  quoted  by  scholars.  In  a 
former  article  in  this  Review  we  show- 
ed how  the  editors  of  Buschan  's  ' '  Illus- 
trierte  Vo_kerkunde"  embodied  prac- 
tically all  the  criticisms  which  Fr. 
Schmidt  had  made  of  the  first  edition 
of  that  work,  in  a  subsequent  edition 
of  the  same  publication. 

Belonging  to  a  Society  whose  first 
object  is  to  preach  the  re Jgion  of  Christ 
to  pagan  nations,  Fr.  Schmidt  realized 
that  his  brethren  in  distant  missionary 
fields,  knowing  the  language  of  the 
people  among  whom  they  w^ere  living 
for  many  years,  had  an  unrivalled  op- 
portunity for  recording  at  first  hand 
the  data  pertaining  to  the  life,  culture, 
folklore,  and  mythology  of  primitive 
races.     He  constantly  urged  his  breth- 


ren to  make  use  of  their  splendid  op- 
portunities in  this  field,  and  himself 
gave  them  explicit  directions  how  they 
were  to  proceed  in  this  work  of  re- 
search. A  master  linguist,  he  drew  up 
an  alphabet  for  recording  on  scientific 
principles  the  sounds  of  the  languages 
of  tribes  that  had  neither  alphabet  nor 
written  records.  He  founded  the  jour- 
nal Anthropos,  wrote  a  large  number 
of  articles  in  the  first,  second,  and  third 
volumes  of  this  publication,  and  suc- 
ceeded in  gaining  the  assistance  of 
roany  missionaries  of  other  orders  and 
communities  for  the  work.  By  far  the 
larger  number  of  contributions  to  the 
twenty  volumes  of  Anthropos  thus  far 
published  are  by  Catholic  missionaries, 
which  itself  is  no  small  glory  for  Cath- 
olic scholarship. 

Soon  the  work  of  this  zealous  champ- 
ion of  scientific  ethnology  attracted  the 
notice  of  European  scholars.  Andrew 
Lang,  who  had  written  largely  on  social 
origins  and  on  the  mythology  and 
folklore  of  savage  races,  found  that 
many  of  this  theories  were  supported 
by  the  original  researches  of  the  editor 
of  Anthropos.  They  both  had  attacked 
some  of  the  evolutionary  theories  on 
the  origin  of  the  idea  of  God  and  on 
primitive  totemism.  A  warm  friend- 
ship developed  between  the  English  and 
the  German  savant.  .  Andrew  Lang 
himself  contributed  to  Anthropos,  and 


116 


THE    FOETNIGHTLY   REVIEW 


Marcli  15 


when  he  died,  Fr.  Schmidt  remembered 
his  friend  and  colleague  with  an  obitu- 
ary in  his  journal,  which  by  that  time 
had  attained  a  European  reputation. 

But  the  envious  voices  of  some  ration- 
alistic investigators,  who  could  not 
brook  the  idea  that  a  Catholic  priest 
should  assume  an  authoritative  role  in 
the  domain  of  comparative  religion, 
which  they  had  naively  assumed  to  be 
their  very  own,  soon  began  to  be  heard. 
The  loudest  of  these  w-as  Van  Gennep, 
a  French  writer,  who  tried  to  belittle 
the  work  of  the  great  German  savant. 
But  Fr.  Schmidt  laid  low  these  un- 
worthy enemies  in  a  series  of  brief  but 
masterly  reviews,  criticisms,  and  re- 
joinders. 

Then  came  the  Great  War  to  inter- 
rupt the  work  of  the  missionaries  and 
to  check  somewhat  the  regularity  of  the 
publication  of  Atithropos.  But  lack 
of  funds  did  not  interfere  permanently 
with  the  progress  of  the  good  work. 
New  projects  were  launched.  In  tlie 
fall  of  1921,  Fr.  Koppers,  S.  V.  D., 
came  to  America  and  prepared  for  a 
trip  of  exploration  to  Tierra  del  Fuego, 
which  was  successful  beyond  expecta- 
tion. Fr.  Koppers,  who  is  now  editor 
of  Anthropos,  had  been  sent  at  the  sug- 
gestion of  Fr.  Schmidt  to  make  this 
journey  of  exploration.  The  results 
have  been  published  partly  in  Anthro- 
pos  and  other  scientific  journals,  and 
partly  in  book  form.  Nor  should  we 
overlook  the  meetings  of  the  ' '  Semaine 
d 'Ethnologic  Religieuse,"  four  of 
which  have  already  been  held,  and 
which  "mean  so  much  for  the  progress 
of  the  scientific  work  connected  wiiii 
cur  Catholic  missions.  At  these  gather- 
ings three  contributors  to  the  work  of 
Anthrcpos  have  been  heard — Fathers 
Schmidt,  Koppers,  and  Schebesta.  It 
was  necessary  to  make  these  pre- 
liminary remarks  regarding  the  schol- 
arly work  of  Father  Schmidt  and  his 
associates  in  the  comparatively  new 
sciences  of  ethnology  and  comparative 
religion  in  order  to  give  propter  impor- 
tance to  the  latest  work  that  has  just 
come  to  us  and  which  represents  his 
own  researches  and  that  of  two  of 
his  colleagues'.— Fathers  William 
Koppers     and     Damian     Kreichgauer. 


This  work  is  a  monument  to  Catholic 
scholarship.  It  is  the  third 
volume  of  a  vast  undertaking  which  is 
still  unfinished  and  is  being  published 
under  the  general  title,  "Der  Mensch 
aller  Zeiten. ' '  The  subtitle  of  the  work 
is  announced  as  "Natur  und  Kultur 
der  Vo-ker  der  Erde."  The  authors 
are  Hugo  Obermaier,  Ferdinand 
Birkner,  Wilhelm  Schmidt,  und 
Wilhelm  Koppers,  all  of  them  Catholic 
priests ! 

The  third  volume  just  issued,  is  en- 
litled  "V^olker  und  Kulturen — Erster 
Teil :  Gesellschaft  und  Wirtschaft  der 
\  olker  von  W.  Schmidt  und  W. 
Koppers.  Mit  einer  Karte,  30  teils 
i"arbigen  Tafeln  und  551  Textabbil- 
dungen. "  (Regensburg:  Joseph 
Habbel). 

A  short  article  cannot  do  more  than 
call  attention  to  some  outstanding 
features  of  this  remarkable  work.  The 
discussions  of  Father  Schmidt,  who 
treats  the  question  of  primitive  social 
organization,  lay  the  solid  foundation 
for  future  studies  on  social  origins, 
that  is,  on  tlie  family,  on  the  State,  on 
their  mutual  relations,  on  tribal  govern- 
iiLcnt,  etc. 

Though  the  learned  author  had  in 
previous  works  demolished  the  evolu- 
tionary theory  of  culture,  he  returns  to 
llie  task  with  new  arguments,  so  that 
it  may  be  said  that  little  is  left  of  the 
viA,  naive  theories  of  earlier  waiters, 
who  tried  to  erect  the  scaffolding  for 
the  "stages  descriptive  of  the  ascent  of 
man."  Nothing  now  is  left  of  the 
theory  of  a  primitive  promiscuity.  The 
principle  of  Catholic  -writers  on  ethics, 
that  the  family  comes  before  the  State, 
is  fully  borne  out  by  ethnologic  facts. 

The  now  well-known  " Kulturkreis- 
theorie, "  which  Fr.  Schmidt  has 
elaborated  with  professors  Graebner, 
Foy,  Ankermann,  and  others,  is  ex- 
plained and  some  of  the  recent  develop- 
ments of  ethnologic  research  are  shown 
to  support  the  theory.  This  theory  ex- 
plains similarities  in  the  culture  of 
now  wadely  separated  peoples  on  the 
basis  of  the  origin  of  types  of  culture 
in  a  certain  area,  and  their  spread  hy 
migration,  whose  path  can  sometimes 
easily  be  traced,  to  distant  regions. 


1925 


THE   FOETNIGHTLY   EEVIEW 


117 


Such  well-known  primitive  institu- 
tions as  exogamy,  or  marriage  outside 
one's  tribe,  the  couvade,  a  custom  in 
virtue  of  which  the  father  takes  to  his 
bed  at  the  birth  of  a  child  and  receives 
special  attention,  totemism,  taboo, 
tribal  initiations  and  tribal  secret  so- 
cieties, etc.,  are  discussed  in  the  light 
of  the  latest  researches  in  the  ethnolo- 
gic tield.  It  is  proper  to  note  that  many 
of  the  data,  as  well  as  many  of  the 
superb  illustrations,  have  been  supplied 
by  Cathoxic  missionaries. 

Fr.  Koppers,  who  was  already  known 
to  the  scientific  world  for  an  exhaustive 
study  on  the  economic  life  and  activity 
of  primitives,  contributes  the  chapters 
en  this  subject.  Fr.  Damian 
Kreichgauer  adds  a  luminous  account 
of  primitive  industries  and  inventions 
and  supplies  some  very  original  and 
appropriate  illustrations. 

When  we  remember  that  in  scarcely 
any  other  field  of  modern  research 
have  so  many  wild  theories  been  launch- 
ed on  the  mere  "ipse  dixit"  of  sciolists 
as  in  anthropology,  we  realize  all  the 
more  the  unique  value  of  this  scholar- 
ly tome.  A  writer  in  the  N.  Y.  Nation 
(Vol.  109,  No.  2826),  while  reviewing 
a  work  of  G.  Elliot  Smith,  brings  the 
following  well-deserved  indictment 
against  many  "lovers"  of  tlie  sciences 
which  come  within  the  scope  of  the 
book  by  Fathers  Schmidt  and  Koppers : 
"For  difficult  explanation  of  easy 
things  and  for  easy  explanation  of 
difficult  things ;  for  the  construction  of 
total  theories  on  the  foundation  of 
single  fragments  of  evidence ;  for  the 
transformation  of  hypothesis  into  fact 
at  the  call  of  convenience;  for  detecting 
essential  and  significant  relationships 
ill  merest  accidental  resemblance ;  for 
overdriving  and  overshooting,  and  for 
'seeing  things'  in  general,  the  'science' 
of  anthropology,  or  ethnology,  or  com- 
parative mythology  or  religion — which- 
ever we  wish  to  call  study  of  this  kind 
— has  established  a  reputation  second 
to  none." 

It  is  because  the  three  collaborators 
of  this  learned  work  on  early  man  and 
his  cultural  life  do  not  attempt  "easy 
explanation  of  difficult  things,"  be- 
cause they  do  not  venture  upon  "con- 


struction of  total  theories  on  the  foun- 
dation of  single  fragments  of  evi- 
dence, ' '  and  because  they  have  a  scienti- 
fic abhorrence  for  ' '  transformation  into 
fact  at  the  call  of  convenience," — be- 
cause, in  a  word,  they  build  on  fact  and 
not  on  airy  nothings  or  pre-conceived 
notions,  that  they  have  made  a  solid 
contribution  to  the  study  of  mankind. 
More  than  that,  they  have  helped  to 
rescue  the  science  from  the  one-sided 
and  jejune  development  into  which  it 
was  being  forced  by  a  host  of  sciolists. 
The  Fathers  of  the  Society  of  the 
Divine  Word  at  Techny,  111.,  will  offer 
further  information  as  to  this  and  other 
\olumes  of  their  scholarly  confreres  in 
Europe. 

The  Christian  Science  Monitor,  a 
daily  newspaper  published  in  Boston 
and  read  throughout  the  country,  an- 
nounces that  on  March  30  it  will  begin 
to  publish  three  editions  daily — At- 
lantic, Central,  and  Pacific — in  each 
of  which  regional  advertising  will  be 
accepted  under  a  new  schedule  of  rates. 
Thus  an  opportunity  to  use  the  Monitor 
is  offered  to  advertisers  who  heretofore 
have  felt  they  did  not  care  for  the 
entire  circulation.  In  course  of  time 
this  arrangement  will  probably  lead  to 
the  establishment  of  separate  and  in- 
dependent daily  newspapers  in  each  of 
the  three  regions  indicated.  The 
Christian  Scientists  are  giving  Cath- 
olics a  good  example  with  their  Moni- 
tor, both  as  to  how  a  religious  daily 
may  and  should  be  conducted,  and  also 
as  to  developing  a  chain  of  well-con- 
ducted dailies  across  the  country. 
The  Monitor,  whi.e  it  contains  a  small 
amount  of  matter  that  might  reason- 
ably be  objected  to  by  readers  not  of 
the  Eddyite  persuasion,  is  a  very  high- 
class  paper, — all  in  all  perhaps  the 
best  dailv  newspaper  now  published  in 
the  U.  S."' 


W.  R.  Bousfield,  in  "A  Neglected 
Complex  and  Its  Relation  to  Freudian 
Psychology"  (Kegan  Paul),  maintains 
that  Freud  himself  is  suffering  from  a 
"Complex"  which  introduces  into  his 
psychology  various  fundamental  de- 
fects. 


118 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY   REVIEW 


March  15 


Advantages  and  Opportunities  of  the  Community  Chest 

By   Ernest   O'Brien,    Detroit,    Mich. 


[Mr.  O'Brien  has  been  a  Cathalic  leader 
in  the  State  of  Michigan  for  many  years, 
holding  the  highest  office  in  the  Knights  of 
Columbus.  In  addition  to  taking  a  leading 
part  in  the  movement  to  protect  the  parochial 
schools,  he  has  been  most  active  in  Com- 
munity  Work   in   the   city   of   Detroit. — Ed.\ 

My  good  friend  Colonel  P.  H. 
Callahan,  who  is  everlastingly  starting 
something,  has  opened  in  the  Fort- 
nightly Review  the  rather  large  and 
flexible  subject  of  community  co-opera- 
tion, as  exemplified  in  the  Community 
Chest. 

Colonel  Callahan,  I  take  it  from  his 
article  in  No.  5  of  the  Fortnightly, 
is  definitely  of  the  opinion  that  no 
religious  activity,  and  no  agency  direct- 
ed by  a  religious  denomination  or 
having  a  sectarian  aspect,  should  parti 
cipate  in  the  Community  Chest,  and 
that  the  help  or  assistance  afforded  by 
this  central  quasi-public  institution 
should  be  limited  to  recognized  non- 
sectarian  and  non-religious  activities, 
such,  for  example,  as  the  Boy  Scouts, 
Social  Service,  Health  and  Safety  or- 
ganizations, thus  eliminating  such  as 
the  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  Salvation  Army,  Jevi'- 
ish  Welfare  and,  of  course,  all  dis- 
tinctively Catholic  activities. 

It  is  not  my  purpose  to  take  issue 
with  the  theory  which  my  versatile 
Kentucky  friend  has  thus  formulated, 
or  at  least  suggested,  but  merely  to 
point  out  some  of  the  benefits  flowing 
from  the  Community  Chest  organiza- 
tion, through  its  inclusion  of  diverse 
agencies  engaged  in  re'ief  and  welfare 
work,  leaving  to  the  redoubtable 
Colonel,  should  he  so  wish,  to  show 
that  such  benefits,  which  I  am  sure  he 
will  be  among  the  first  to  recognize 
and  admit,  are  counter-balanced  by 
the  disadvantages  to  which  he  alludes 
in  the  article  mentioned. 

Before  discussing  the  communal  as- 
pect, however,  it  seems  pertinent  to 
mention  some  of  the  benefits  which  our 
Catholic  activities  derive  through  the 
Chest.  Chief  among  them,  perhaps,  is 
the  fact  that  they  are  put  on  trial,  as 
it  were,  by  their  participation  in  the 


Chest,  and  even  those  not  participat- 
ing, feel  the  influence  of  Chest  stan- 
dards. In  short,  the  Community  Chest 
brings  them  into  touch  with  that  strong 
social  factor  whi^h  we  cad  "human 
respect,"  and  while  it  cannot  be  taken 
as  the  norm  of  Catholic  activities, 
human  respect  is  a  wholesome  thing 
with  which  to  come  into  contact.  It 
has  been  frequently  said,  in  retort  to 
such  as  opposed  the  adoption  of  modern 
methods  in  organized  Catholij'.  bene- 
volence, that  there  is  no  reason  why 
charity  should  not  be  efficiently  ad 
ministered.  We  know  the  poor  shall 
be  always  with  us,  but  they  need  not  be 
so  numerous  and  so  omni-prcsent.  The 
way  to  assist  them  is  to  help  them  out 
of  their  condition  as  well  as  to  help 
them  bear  it.  Formerly  too  often,  the 
whole  object  of  a  Catholic  charitable 
work  would  be  relief,  little  or  no 
thought  being  given  to  the  remedy,  as 
when  a  physician  prescribes  merely  to 
ease  the  pain,  rather  than  remove  the 
source  of  disease.  There  has  be^n 
much  improvement  in  this  respect  in 
recent  years,  and  the  Community  Chest 
standards  have  helped  to  ca'se  it  as 
well  as  to  guide  it.  Charity  is  no 
less  a  virrue  because  effective  system  is 
used  in  its  accomplishment. 

Besides  the  end  it  is  the  means,  par- 
ticularly finances,  in  the  procurement 
and  handling  of  which  some  of  our 
Catholic  agencies  formerly  were  any- 
thing but  systematic  and  businesslike. 
John  D.  Rockefeller,  I  believe  it  was, 
once  said  that  our  Catholic  sisterhoods 
could  get  more  out  of  a  dollar  in 
charitable  work  than  anybody  he  knew, 
but  that  was  on  account  of  the  sacri- 
fices which  the  good  Sisters  personal- 
ly made,  and  induced  others  to  make, 
rather  than  because  of  economy 
achieved  through  business  efficiency. 
The  combination  of  both  of  these  con- 
ditions is  the  ideal  to  be  sought. 

The  situation  developed  in  New  York 
some  years  ago  led  to  the  formation  of 
the  Associated  Catholic  Charities  of  the 
great    archdiocese,    which    fully    illus- 


1925 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY   REVIEW 


119 


trates  the  point  of  the  foregoing.  The 
difference  between  the  condition  of  the 
New  York  Catholic  Charities,  then  and 
now,  shows  the  benehts  tliat  flow  from 
the  application  of  modern  methods  of 
administration,  as  against  the  old  hap- 
hazard methods,  'i'hose  old  methods 
have  to  be  discarded  in  order  to  quali- 
fy for  membership  in  the  Community 
Chest. 

The  Detroit  Community  Fund  exacts 
certain  standards  of  bookkeeping,  and 
the  right  of  inspection  of  such  records 
by  its  department  of  audits.  It  also 
requires  the  compilation  of  data  as 
the  basis  of  intelligent  social  and  wel- 
fare work  and  as  the  background  for 
research  endeavors. 

In  dollars  and  cents,  taking  my  home 
city  of  Detroit  for  example,  the  Fund 
is  of  clear  substantial  benefit.  The 
total  budget  for  the  seventy  agencies 
included  in  the  Chest  for  Detroit  this 
year  is  $2,394,515.  The  eleven  Cath- 
olic agencies  included  in  the  Fund  are 
allotted  a  total  of  $376,000.00.  This 
is  in  addition  to  what  they  have  from 
their  own  resources,  whi^-h  amounts  to 
$240,794.00.  Thus  the  Fund  furnishes 
slight!}^  more  than  60%  of  the  total 
expended  by  the  eleven  Catholic  acti- 
vities affi  iated  with  it  in  Detroit.  The 
largest  sharer  in  this  total  is  the  Child 
Caring  Department  of  the  Society  of 
St.  Vincent  De  Paul,  which  received 
from  the  Fund  $116,475.00,  in  ad- 
dition to  $98,800  taken  from  the  usual 
sources  of  the  Society.  St.  Francis' 
Home  received  from  the  Fund  $83,727 
of  its  total  expenditures  of  $107,177, 
or  78 % .  St.  Vincent's  Orphan  Asylum 
received  $51,325.91  of  its  total  of 
$63,869.91,  or  80%. 

The  benefits  to  the  communit.y  are 
manifold.  Prior  to  the  advent  of  the 
Community  Chest  we  had  in  Detroit, 
as  they  have  in  every  city,  an  indefinite 
number  of  petty,  obscure  organizations 
preying  on  the  charitable  impulses  of 
the  people.  No  one  ever  knew  what 
particular  work  of  charity  they  did, 
but  they  survived.  People  gave  to 
them  with  a  feeling  of  doubt  and  suspi- 
cion, but  gave  nevertheless,  to  one  or 
another  such  group.  They  were  the 
tolerated    brigands    in    the    realm    of 


charity.  The  Fund  has  largely  put  an 
end  to  that  sort  of  thing,  as  well  as  to 
the  great  variety  of  individual  profes- 
sional mendicants  formerly  so  preval- 
ent, who  made  no  pretense  of  begging 
for  anyone  but  themselves,  a  highly 
honorable  practice  as  compared  with 
that  of  the  organized  groups  just  de- 
scribed. 

One  of  the  surprises  of  the  Fund 
has  been  the  amount  of  money  it  is  cap- 
able of  gathering.  No  one  in  our  city 
had  any  idea  that  so  much  could  be 
collected  for  charitable  and  philanthro- 
pic purposes.  Nor  was  it  in  fact,  be- 
ing given  before  the  Fund  was  organiz- 
ed. The  doubt  engendered  in  the  mind 
by  so  many  appeals  from  groups  that 
people  ordinarily  had  no  time  to  in- 
vestigate and  to  whom  they  would  give 
a  pittance  rather  than  turn  them  away, 
had  augmented  the  instinct  to  give  as 
little  as  possible.  As  a  result,  even 
well-to-do  people  were  often  anything 
but  generous  toward  the  unfortunate 
and  the  poor.  The  Fund,  by  reducing 
the  number  of  appeals,  by  vouching  for 
the  authenticity  and  worth  of  its  com- 
ponent agencies,  by  organization,  ad- 
vertisement and  intelligent,  systematic 
publicity,  by  door-to-door  canvassing, 
and  by  schooled  team  work,  created  a 
new  spirit,  partly  civic,  partly  relig- 
ious, mingling  charity  and  philanthro- 
py, altruism  and  unselfishness,  love  and 
pride,  a  spirit  of  communal  co-opera- 
tion and  responsibility,  which  mani- 
fests itself  in  generous  giving  to  one 
fund  for  all. 

To  learn  how  the  other  half  of  the 
world  lives,  we  were  always  told,  is  an 
invaluable  lesson,  which  broadens  and 
enriches  the  mind,  and  awakens  one's 
sympathies  to  a  better  understanding 
of  his  fellow-man.  That  is  true  of 
any  part  of  the  world  and  especially 
of  a  city,  where  on  a  comparatively 
small  area  so  many  people  live  in  so 
many  different  ways.  The  Community 
Chest  shows  the  different  sectors  to  one 
another,  explains  their  lives,  points 
out  their  needs  and  carries  help,  hope, 
assistance,  and  relief  from  one  to  an- 
other. It  reveals  to  the  whole  city 
what  this  church  is  doing  for  the  or- 
phans,  for  the   fallen,   the   forgotten, 


120 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY   REVIEW 


March  15 


for  the  sick,  for  the  destitute,  for  the 
children  of  chance  and  misfortune ; 
what  that  league  is  doing  for  the  pro- 
tection of  girls  from  the  dangers  that 
surround  them  in  a  large  city;  what 
that  society  is  doing  for  the  handi- 
capped in  the  unequal  struggle  for  ex- 
istence ;  what  that  bureau  is  doing  to 
assist  the  mothers  Avho  must  work  in 
earing  for  their  little  ones  during  their 
absence ;  what  that  hospital,  that  clinic, 
that  health  center,  is  doing  to  alleviate 
suffering  and  to  protect  the  whole  com- 
munity from  the  ravages  of  disease 
such  as  only  a  few  years  ago  might 
sweep  a  city  and  sometimes  decimate 
its  population. 

Once  a  year  the  Chest  carries  that 
message  of  charity,  philanthropy,  hu- 
manity, from  door-to-door  throughout 
the  city;  business-men  clergymen, 
school-teachers,  doctors,  lawyers,  work- 


ers of  every  sphere  of  life,  all  meet 
and  hear  these  activities  related. 

Everyone  shoulder  to  shoulder  with 
his  neighbor,  regardless  of  politics  or 
religion,  goes  out  into  the  city  with 
that  message  of  a  great  human  effort 
put  forth  for  the  help  and  betterment 
of  their  fellow-beings.  And  in  this 
contact,  and  in  the  contacts  they  make 
with  the  people  of  all  classes  and  races 
and  creeds,  there  is  stimulated  a  city- 
wide  spirit  of  fellowship,  good  will, 
and  mutual  esteem ;  a  spirit  that  in- 
vites and  enhances  toleration  and  un- 
derstanding ;  a  spirit  that  wins  not  on- 
ly the  immediate  objective,  but  brings 
to  the  community,  as  a  whole,  a  clearer 
vision  of  its  responsibilities,  a  quicken- 
ed conscience,  and  the  solace  and  ela- 
tion that  comes  from  the  common  pur- 
suit of  higher  ideals  and  purposes. 


The  Bible  in  the  Public  Schools 

By  Benedict  Elder,   Louisville,  Ky. 


Since  this  subject  has  been  re-opened 
in  the  Fortnightly  Review^  it  is  per- 
tinent to  consider  the  legal  aspect  of 
the  proposal,  which  noAV  has  been  made 
in  a  number  of  State  legislatures,  to 
teach  the  Bible  in  the  public  schools, 
as  it  bears  on  our  constitutional  right 
to  freedom  of  worship. 

This  question  in  one  form  or  another 
has  come  before  the  State  courts  of  our 
country  a  number  of  times.  The  con- 
clusions of  the  courts  have  not  always 
been  harmonious.  This  is  in  part  owing 
to  the  different  expressions  of  the  State 
Constitutions  and  statutes  being  inter- 
preted. The  question  has  never  beeji 
decided  by  the  United  States  Supreme 
Court.  As  w^e  all  know,  the  Federal 
Constitution  does  not  in  express  terms 
secure  freedom  of  worship  as  against 
State  legislation,  but  only  as  against 
Federal  legislation,  when  it  provides 
that  "Congress  shall  make  no  law  re- 
specting an  establishment  of  religion 
or  prohibiting  the  free  exercise  there- 
of." Hence,  the  stated  question  as  to 
whether  or  not  teaching  the  Bible  in 
the  public  schools  is  an  infringement 


of  our  constitutional  right  to  freedom 
of  worship,  refers  to  constitutional 
rights  as  secured  bj^  the  States  rather 
than  by  the  organic  law  of  our  country. 

It  will  be  interesting  briefly  to  re- 
view some  of  the  decisions  that  have 
been  rendered  by  the  State  Courts  in 
passing  on  the  question. 

The  case  of  Donoghue  vs.  Richards 
is  one  of  the  earliest.  It  was  decided 
by  the  Court  of  Maine  and  reported 
in  the  38th  volume  of  the  ]\Iaine  re- 
ports, 379.  The  action  was  one  against 
a  school  board  for  expelling  a  pupil 
who  refused  to  read  the  King  James 
version  of  the  Bible.  The  Court  de- 
clared that  the  King  James  translation 
of  the  Bible  could  be  read  in  the  public 
school  without  contravening  the  prin- 
ciple of  religious  freedom,  saying : 
"The  Bible  in  this  case  was  used  mere- 
ly as  a  book  in  which  instruction  in 
reading  was  given,  but  reading  the 
Bible  is  no  more  an  interference  with 
religious  belief  than  would  reading 
the  mythology  of  Greece  or  Rome  be 
regarded  as  interfering  with  religious 


1925 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY   EEVIEW 


121 


belief   or   an   affirmance   of  tlie   pagan 
creeds. ' ' 

The  fallacy  of  this  reasoning  is  mani- 
fest. The  myths  of  Greece  or  Rome 
are  presented  as  myths;  the  Bible  is 
presented  as  truth.  A  judicious  mind 
would  not  fail  to  see  the  difference. 

In  Massachusetts  the  question  was 
presented  in  the  case  of  Spiller  vs.  the 
Inhabitants  of  Woburn,  reported  m 
the  12th  volume  of  Allen's  Reports, 
127.  The  Court  held  that  the  public 
school  committee  did  not  exceed  their 
authority  in  ordering  the  Bible  read  at 
the  opening  of  schools  each  day,  saying  : 
' '  No  more  appropriate  method  could  l)e 

adopted to  impress  on  the  minds 

of  children  and  youth  the  principles 
of  piety  and  justice,  and  a  sacred  re 
gard  for  truth."  The  Court  did  not 
attempt  to  reconcile  with  the  principle-, 
of  religious  liberty  the  practice  which 
forces  the  children  of  one  belief  re- 
peatedly to  hear  the  Bible  as  accepted 
by  persons  of  another  belief,  and  thus 
decided  the  case,  not  on  what  is  legal, 
but  on  what  the  Court  considered  "aj)- 
propriate." 

In  Michigan  the  question  came  up  in 
the  case  of  Pfeitter  vs.  the  Board  of 
Education,  reported  in  118  Michigan 
reports,  560.  This  action  was  to  com- 
pel the  Board  of  pjducation  to  discon- 
tinue the  use  in  the  public  schools  of 
Detroit  of  a  book  known  as  "Readings 
from  the  Bible."  The  Court  held  that 
the  use  of  such  a  book  as  a  textbook 
in  the  schools,  did  not  interfere  with 
freedom  of  worship  according  to  the 
dictates  of  one's  conscience.  The 
opinion  is  arbitrary  rather  than  reason- 
ed.    One  judge  dissented. 

In  Iowa  in  the  case  of  Moore  vs. 
Monroe,  64  Iowa,  367,  the  Court,  con- 
struing a  statute  of  that  State  which 
provided  that  ''The  Bible  shall  not  be 
excluded  from  any  school  or  institu- 
tion in  this  State,  nor  shall  any  pupil 
be  required  to  read  it  contrary  to  the 
wishes  of  his  parent  or  guardian," 
held  that  this  was  not  an  infringement 
on  religious  liberty. 

The  Supreme  Court  of  Illinois,  in 
McCormick  vs.  Burt,  95  111.,  263,  held 
that  a  rule  of  the  directors  of  a  public 
school  requiring  the  reading  of  a  King 


James  edition  of  the  Bible  for  fifteen 
minutes  each  morning,  at  which,  how- 
ever, no  one  was  compelled  to  be 
present,  was  not  an  interference  with 
the  religious  rights  of  the  plaintiff  and 
his  father,  who  were  patrons  of  the 
school  and  Catholics.  The  decision  in 
both  of  these  cases  seems  to  have  turned 
on  the  fact  that  pupils  of  a  different 
belief  from  those  who  accept  the  King- 
James  translation  as  the  Bible,  were 
not  compelled  by  law  to  be  present. 
That  this  is  a  narrow ,  interpretation 
of  the  constitutional  right  of  religious 
liberty  is  manifest.  For  a  public  in- 
stitution in  any  manner  or  respect  to 
single  out  a  citizen  on  account  of  his 
religious  belief  is  not  consistent  with 
complete  liberty  of  worship  according 
to  the  dictates  of  one's  conscience. 

In  line  with  the  above  cases  is  the 
leading  decision  in  our  own  State  of 
Kentucky,  Hackett  vs.  Brookville 
Graded  School,  reported  in  27 
Kentucky  Reporter,  1021.  In  this  case 
the  Court  construed  a  statute  which 
provided  that  "No  books  or  other  pub- 
lications of  a  sectarian,  infidel  or  im- 
moral character  shall  be  used  or  dis- 
tributed in  any  common  school,  nor 
shall  any  sectarian,  infidel,  or  immoral 
doctrine  be  taught  therein."  The 
Court  held  that  the  use  of  the  King 
James  translation  of  the  Bible  in  the 
public  schools  was  not  inhibited  by  that 
statute,  or  by  any  provision  of  the 
law  securing  the  right  to  freedom  of 
worship.  It  is  difficult  to  follow  the 
reasoning  of  the  Court.  Its  opinioii 
laid  stress  on  the  fact  that  the  plain- 
tiff''s  children  were  not  compelled  to 
attend  the  reading  of  the  Bible,  thus : 
"We  find  from  the  evidence  that  while 
chapters  or  passages  from  the  Bible, 
King  James  translation,  were  read,  and 
prayers  were  offered  by  the  teachers 
at  the  opening  of  the  school  each  morn- 
ing, appellant's  children  who  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church 
were  not  required  to  attend  during 
those  exercises. "        ; 

It  seems,  therefore,  that  the  Court's 
conception  of  religious  liberty  means 
only  not  being  compelled  by  law  to 
practice  another  religion  than  one's 
own,  and  does  not  inhibit  tax-supported 


122 


THE    FOKTNIGHTLY   EEVIEW 


March  15 


iustitutious  being  used  in  the  furthei- 
anee  of  some  form  of  religious  teach- 
ing. 

The  Kentuek}'  Court  considers 
whether  or  not  the  King  James  trans- 
lation of  the  Bible  is  a  sectarian  book, 
and  finds  in  the  negative,  saying : 
"'Ihat  the  Bible  or  any  particular 
edition,   has   been   adopted   by   one   or 

more  denominations cannot  make 

it  a  sectarian  book  ....  Nor  is  a  book 
sectarian  merelj^  because  it  was  edited 
or  comj^iled  by  those  of  a  particular 
sect.  It  is  not  the  authorship  nor 
mechanical  composition  of  the  book, 
nor  the  use  of  it,  but  its  contents  tliat 
give  it  its  character  ....  Nor  can  we 
conceive  that  the  Legislature  could 
have  intended  to  exclude  from  the 
course  of  instruction  a  work  whose 
historical  and  literary  value,  aside 
from  its  theological  aspects,  would 
seem  to  entitle  it  to  a  high  place  in 
any  well-ordered  course  of  general  in- 
struction. 'I'he  writings  of  Confucius 
or  Mohammed  might  be  profitably  used. 
Why  may  not  also  the  wisdom  of 
Solomon  and  the  Life  of  Christ  ?  If 
the  same  things  were  in  any  other 
book  than  the  Bible,  it  would  not  be 
doubted  that  it  was  within  the  dis- 
cretion of  the  school  boards  and  teach- 
ers whether  it  was  expedient  to  include 
them  in  the  common  school  course  with- 
out violating  the  impartiality  of  the 
law  concerning  religious  beliefs." 

Such  argument  is  specious.  The 
Bible  is  not  read  in  the  public  schools 
for  the  history  it  contains,  or  for  the 
literary  merit  it  has,  but  rather,  as 
the  Massachusetts  Court  stated,  "to 
impress  upon  the  minds  of  the  children 
and  youth  the  principles  of  piety  and 
justice  and  a  sacred  regard  for  truth." 
Confucius  and  Mohammed  would  not 
be  read  for  their  piety  and  their  sacred 
truth,  as  are  the  words  of  Our  Lord 
and  Saviour.  As  for  the  point  that 
the  same  things  would  not  be  objected 
to  in  any  other  book  than  the  Bible, 
what  would  Protestants  say  to  a  book 
containing  a  few  selected  passages,  such 
as:  "Thou  art  Peter,  and  upon  this 
rock  I  will  build  my  Church,  and  the 
gates  of  Hell  shall  not  prevail  against 
it.    I  will  give  to  thee  the  keys  of  the 


Kingdom  of  Heaven,  and  whatsoever 
thou  shalt  bind  upon  earth  shall  be 
bound  in  heaven,  and  whatsoever  thou 
shalt  loose  upon  earth,  shall  be  loosed 
in  Heaven ....  Receive  ye  the  Holy 
Ghost,  whose  sins  ye  shall  forgive,  they 
are  forgiven,  whose  sins  ye  shall  retain 
they  are  retained  ...  .  It  is  a  holy  and 
wholesome  thought  to  pray  for  the  dead 
that   they   may    be    loosed   from   their 

sins He  that  will  not   hear  the 

Church,  let  him  be  to  thee  as  the 
heathen  and  the  publican  ....  If  an 
angel  come  down  from  Heaven  should 
teach  any  other  doctrine  than  that 
which  I  have  given  to  thee,  let  him  be 
anathema  ? ' ' 

The  opposite  view  of  the  question  is 
taken  b}^  the  Court  of  Wisconsin  in 
the  case  of  the  State  vs.  the  District 
Board  of  the  City  of  Edgerton,  re- 
ported in  the  76th  volume  of  the  Wis- 
consin Reports,  177,  where  it  was  held 
that  the  reading  of  selected  portions  of 
the  King  James  translation  of  the 
Bible  during  school  hours  violated  the 
rights  of  conscience,  compelled  com- 
plainants to  aid  in  support  of  a  place 
of  religious  worship,  and  was  sectarian 
instruction. 

In  the  State  of  Nebraska  also,  in  the 
case  of  Freeman  vs.  Schere,  reported 
in  91  N.  W.,  846,  the  Court  held  that 
the  reading  of  selections  and  extracts 
from  the  King  James  Version  of  the 
Bible  was  in  violation  of  the  Consti- 
tution of  Nebraska,  declaring  that  "no 
sectarian  instruction  shall  be  allowed 
in  any  school  or  institution  supported 
in  whole  or  in  part  by  the  public  funds 
set  apart  for  educational  purposes." 
In  this  case  the  Court  said:  "We  do 
not  think  it  wise  or  necessary  to  pro- 
long a  discussion  of  what  appears  to 
us  an  almost  self-evident  fact,  that 
exercises  such  as  are  complained  of  by 
the  relator  in  this  case  (reading  of 
selections  and  extracts  from  the  King 
James  Bible)  both  constitute  religious 
worship  and  are  sectarian  in  their 
character  within  the  meaning  of  the 
constitution."  The  Court  also  noted 
a  pregnant  truth  which  in  all  of  the 
decisions  to  the  contrary  seems  not  to 
have  been  considered,  namely,  "that 
sectarian  instruction  might  occur  from 


1925 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY   EEVIEW 


123 


frequent  reading,  even  M'ithout  note  or 
comment,  of  'judiciously'  selected 
passages."  This  is  only  a  practical 
recognition  of  the  force  of  frequent 
repetition,  particularly  as  affecting  the 
minds  of  youth. 

In  none  of  the  cases  cited,  in  none 
dealing  with  the  question  that  the 
writer  has  examined,  was  there  any 
consideration  shown  for  the  rights  of 
Jews  and  other  non-Christians,  in- 
cluding unbelievers,  who  may  not  wish 
to  have  the  Christian  Bible  thrust  upon 
their  children.  In  none  does  it  seem  to 
have  been  considered  that  there  are 
many  versions  of  the  Bible  besides  the 
King  James  Version  so  popular  among 
middle-class  Protestants,  and  the 
Douay  Version  commonly  used  by 
Catholics.  Any  other  version,  such  as 
Van  Loon's,  Foster's,  Goodspeed's,  to 
say  nothing  of  the  Revised  Version,  is 
entitled  to  as  much  consideration  in  a 
civil  court  as  the  Douay  or  King  James 
Version.  Indeed,  any  other  bible. 
Mormon,  Moslem,  Buddhist,  is  entitled 
to  an  equal  place  with  the  Christian 
Bible  in  a  civil  court  on  the  question 
of  what  shall  be  used  in  our  public 
schools.  Followers  of  those  non-Chris- 
tian religions  have  the  right  to  be 
citizens  of  our  country,  to  send  then- 
children  to  our  public  schools,  to  be- 
come officers  and  teachers  in  our  pub- 
lic schools,  and  if  a  Protestant  teacher 
may  read  the  King  James  Bible  to 
Mormon  children,  a  Mormon  teacher 
may  Fead  Brigham  Young's  Bible  to 
Protestant  children.  The  majority 
does  not  rule  in  such  a  matter.  It  ma^' 
not  be  given  weight  by  the  court.  Re- 
ligious liberty  is  the  inalienable  right 
of  the  individual.  To  teach  or  even  to 
read  in  our  public  schools  a  bible  or 
a  version  of  the  Bible  which  is  rejected 
by  the  parents  of  some  of  the  children, 
contravenes  the  American  principle  of 
religious  freedom,  which  spreads  the 
mantle  of  its  protection  over  all  citizens 
in  the  same  degree. 


Bishops  and  the  Catholic  Press 

The  Catholic  Herald  of  India,  edited 
by  Father  A.  Gille,  S.  J.,  in  its  Vol. 
XXII,  No.  30  (New  Series),  comments 


on  the  death  of  Archbishop  Meuleman, 
of  Calcutta,  as  follows : 

"The  death  of  our  dear  Archbishop 
affects  the  Catholic  Hera  d  very  deeply, 
by  removing  one  who  for  the  last  eight 
.years  has  stood  by  the  paper  as  a  faith- 
ful protector  in  very  critiaal  moments. 
And  that  protection  was  needed  all 
those  will  know  who  have  at  one  time 
or  another  claimed  the  editor's  head  on 
a  charger. 

' '  On  March  22nd,  1922,  there  appear- 
ed in  this  journal  an  article  under  the 
heading  'A  Bishop's  Trials,'  purport- 
ing to  record  the  ordeal  of  a  certain 
American  prelate.  Bishop  Kane,  in  con- 
nection with  the  CathoAc  Booster,  a 
paper  he  had  founded.  The  writer,  a 
certain  McGill,  produced  specimens  of 
letters  that  reached  the  poor  Bishop 
in  shoals,  complaining  of  the  Booster's 
Irish  views,  of  the  Booster's  plea  for 
a  negro  clergy,  of  the  Booster's  views 
on  education,  of  the  Booster's  criticism 
of  seminary  kitchens,  of  the  Booster's 
excursions  into  the  art  of  planting 
turnips.  Of  course,  the  article  was  but 
an  allegory.  Bishop  Kane  being  none 
other  than  Archbishop  Meuleman  and 
the  Catho  ic  Booster,  the  Herald. 

"It  wasn't  that  the  Archbishop 
agreed  with  every  opinion  expressed  in 
the  Catholic  Herald,  but  it  was  char- 
acteristic of  his  exceptional  broad- 
mindedness  that  he  should  persistently 
defend  the  liberty  of  the  Catholic  press 
within  reasonable  limits,  though  criti- 
cism never  ceased  to  harass  him.  'I 
don't  agree  with  everything  you  say,' 
he  often  remarked  to  the  editor,  'but 
it  is  not  because  I  am  the  owner  of  the 
paper  that  I  should  dictate  every  word 
you  write.  What  sort  of  a  Catholic 
press  do  they  want,  I  wonder?'  The 
reader  should  not  imagine  that  his 
\\  as  an  exceptional  case.  Every  bishop 
in  the  world,  who  happens  to  be  afflict- 
ed with  a  Catholic  paper  in  his  diocese, 
has  more  trouble  with  his  one  papei- 
than  with  twenty  superannuated 
canons,  and  it  is  no  wonder  that  a 
number  of  them  have  ordered  their 
editors  to  confine  their  comments  to 
the  Penny  Catechism.  Fortunately, 
Archbishop  Meuleman  was  made  of 
sterner  stuff." 


12-i 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY   REVIEW 


-March  15 


Notes  and  Gleanings 

According  to  the  Boston  Herald,  of 
Feb.  10,  the  Suffolk  Count}'  grand 
jury  returned  secret  indictments 
against  four  persons  in  connection  with 
an  invesitigation  of  the  Continenital 
Press,  Inc.,  which  promoted  the  sale 
of  stock  in  connection  with  the  publica- 
tion and  distribution  of  "Catholic 
Builders  of  the  Nation,"  a  subscrip- 
tion work  which  has  been  repeatedly 
criticized  in  the  F.  R.  (V^ol.  XXX], 
pp.  185  sq.,  255,  295,  449  sq.)  The 
transactions  are  said  to  involve  close  to 
$700,000.  Even  if  no  irregularities 
can  be  proved,  we  could  only  say — 
what  an  amount  of  money  wasted  on 
a  work  which  has  no  permanent  value ! 
$700,000  would  have  established  a 
Catholic  daily,  which,  in  ,a  largely 
Catholic  city  like  Boston,  might  have 
been  a  success  and  become  a  power- 
ful agency  for  good  and  the  salvation 
of  souls. 


There  is  hardly  a  day  in  the  year 
that,  somewhere,  miners  do  not  die 
under  circumstances  just  as  tragic  as 
those  that  accompanied  the  death  of 
Floyd  Co.lins.  They  go  down  into 
the  bowels  of  the  earth  to  slave  for  a 
pittance.  They  are  in  constant  danger 
of  death  from  a  thousand  causes  by 
explosions,  cave-ins,  gas.  When  the 
inevitable  takes  place,  there  is  a  head- 
line in  the  daily  press,  and  then  si- 
lence. The  coal  operators  control  mil- 
lions of  dollars  and  they  do  not  like 
any  kind  of  publicity  that  mioht  in- 
terfere with  their  profits. 

The  well-known  Russian  explorer 
Kozlov  has  returned  to  Leningrad  from 
a  trip  into  the  heart  of  Mongolia,  where 
he  revisited  the  buried  desert  city  of 
Kara  Khoto,  which  he  discovered  on  a 
previous  expedition.  Mr.  Kozlov 
brought  with  him  a  large  number  of 
archeological  and  ethnological  speci- 
mens, including  a  book  which  was 
found  in  Kara  Khoto  and  which  is 
written  in  an  absolutely  unknown 
language.  A  number  of  the  members 
of  the  party  who  accompanied  him  are 
still  in  Mongolia,  carrying  out  various 
forms  of  research. 


The  Archbishop  of  Dubuque  desires 
to  revive  the  beautiful  Christian  custom 
of  blessing  a  small  portion  of  the  seeds 
destined  for  the  spring  planting. 
Through  his  official  organ,  the  Witness, 
he  suggests  that  a  Sunday  be  set  aside 
in  every  rural  parish  for  the  religious 
ceremony,  quite  generally  observed, 
even  now,  in  some  Catholic  countries, 
and  asks  for  "suggestions  as  to  when 
and  how  this  might  best  be  done." 


It  is  often  said  that  criticism,  to  be 
justified  should  be  "constructive."  The 
editor  of  the  Lutheran  ^Yitness  says 
that  he  has  had  most  benefit  from  the 
destructive  kind,  or  the  kind  intended 
to  be  such,  and  we  agree  with  him. 
"Constructive  criticism  differs  from 
the  destructive  variety  in  this,  that  the 
former  doesn't  hurt  and  the  latter  does. 
If  by  constructive  is  meant  criticism 
which  not  only  tells  me  where  I  am 
wrong,  but  also  just  how  I  can  improve 
myself,  it  is  helpful  indeed ;  but  some 
things  can  be  mended  only  by  destroy- 
ing them.  AVhatever  the  intent  and 
purpose,  kindly  or  not  so  kindly,  we 
are  thankful  for  criticism." 


With  the  immense  output  of  works 
to-day  in  every  field  of  thought  most 
of  us  must  be -content  to  get  a  knowl- 
edge of  books,  even  in  subjects  in  which 
we  are  specially  interested,  from  crit- 
ical literary  journals.  The  critical  and 
thoroughly  sound  and  impartial  re- 
viewer of  recent  contributions  to 
knowledge  performs  a  service  of  great 
importance  to  scholarship.  Fortunate- 
ly we  have  several  such  journals.  One 
of  the  most  valuable  is  the  Literarischer 
Handweiser  (Herder),  which  is  now 
in  its  61st  year  and  has  kept  up  a  high 
standard  of  criticism  for  many  years. 
The  first  number  for  1925  is  rich  in 
booklore.  Gustav  Keckeis  contributes 
a  sound  article  on  "Criticism,"  from 
which  book  reviewers  may  draw  profit. 

The  two  late  numbers  of  the  Stimmen 
der  Zeit  (B.  Herder;  subscription 
price  $4.00)  show  again  that  that  well- 
known  journal  is  true  to  its  name  and 
strives  to  keep  its  readers  informed  on 
the  recent  movements  in  art  and  litera- 
ture, social  science  and  world  politics. 


1925 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY   REVIEW 


125 


The  first  article  in  the  3rd  Heft  is  on 
the  science  of  antiquities  and  Cath- 
olicism. Three  sciences  have  been  much 
in  the  foreground  of  late — folklore, 
ethnology,  and  comparative  religion — 
and  the  author  points  out  the  bearing 
of  the  methods  and  results  of  these 
much  cultivated  fields  of  study  on  the 
earlier  science  of  archeology.  The 
title  of  the  second  paper  in  this  num- 
ber, "Credit  and  Interest,"  bespeaks 
its  timeliness.  Heft  4  appropriately 
opens  "with  an  article  on  "The  Holy 
Year"  by  Fr.  P.  Lippert.  The  article 
by  Father  Sierp,  "Friedrich  Heiler 
and  the  Sadlm,"  is  a  model  of  contro- 
versy and  will  do  much  to  clarify  views 
concerning  the  life  of  that  "wonderful 
Indian  ascetic. ' '  Once  more  we  hearti- 
ly commend  this  scholarly  journal  to 
all  thoughtful  readers  interested  in  the 
lucid  and  thorough  discussion  of  the 
outstanding  phases  of  contemporary 
thought. 


Correspondence 


The  ever  interesting  and  up-to-date 
KatJiolische  Missionen  (Herder) 
shows  in  its  last  number  (1924-1925, 
Heft  4)  that  "timeliness  may  be  com- 
bined with  tlioroughness  and  solidity 
in  the  presentation  of  Catholic  truth 
and  activity.  Splendid  "up-to-date- 
ness" combined  with  faithful  adhesion 
to  Catholic  ideals  has  always  seemed  to 
the  present  reviewer  to  be  the  charac- 
teristic merit  of  this  model  missionary 
magazine.  To  lead  others  to  get  ac- 
quainted with  this  magazine  is  to  in- 
troduce them  to  a  wholesome  literary 
diet  which  they  will  not  find  in  other 
similar  publications. 

The  gentle  St.  Francis  de  Sales  used 
to  say  that  next  after  sin  the  greatest 
evil  in  life  was  having  too  much  to  do. 
In  this  twentieth  century  is  it  not,  per- 
adventure,  having  too  much  to  worry 
over?— Fr.  D.  Considine,  S.  J.,  "The 
Virtues  of  the  Divine  Child,"  p.  183. 

THE    DAY 

By  Charles  J.  QuirTc,  S.  J. 

The  Day  comes  up  a  ruddy,  laughing  boy; 
At  noon  he  reaches  to  full  manhood's 
prime ; 
At  eventide,  aweary  of  earth's  joy, 

He    sinks    to    rest    lit    by    Hope's    star 
sublime ! 


A     Masonic     Magazine     on     the     Hamilton- 
Jefferson   Movement 

To  the  Editor:— 

The  Neiv  Age  Magazine,  eonimenting  edi- 
torially on  the  Hamilton-Jefferson  movement 
("That  Catholic-Masonic  Alliance  "  ) , 
February  issue,  page  72,  deplores  its  sudden 
collapse  as  a  "ruthless  crushing  of  a  weU 
intentioned  movement  to  create  good  feeling 
among  American  citizens  who  associate  daily 
in  business,  political,  and  social  affairs. ' ' 
Now  that  the  movement,  originated  under 
"ausj)icious  beginnings"  \^s-ic!'\  has  died 
aborning,  the  New  Age  cleanses  itself  and  all 
brother  Masons  from  the  stain  of  having  ever 
sponsored  such  a  ^asionary  scheme  and  lays 
the  responsibility  for  its  initiative  at  the 
door  of  Catholics:  "The  movement,  so  we 
were  informed,  originated  with  and  was  spon- 
sored by  Roman  Catholics.  Both  the  presi- 
dent and  secretary  were  members  of  the 
Knights  of  Columbus.  So  it  cannot  be  said 
that  the  Masons  were  laying  some  deep 
conspiracy  to  entrap  the  credulous  Roman- 
ists. The  initiative  was  wholly  Catholic." 
Deploring  the  untimely  demise  of  the  move- 
ment, the  Neio  Age  continues:  "Seldom  has 
a  movement  received  such  direct  and  un- 
sparing condemnation  as  has  this  organiza- 
tion by  the  official  spokesmen  of  the  Church. ' ' 
It  sees  in  this  condemnation  a  "proof  of 
bigotiy  and  narrowness  of  the  Roman  hier- 
archy. "  "  The  responsibility  for  this  specta- 
cular fiasco  rests  wholly  with  the  hierarchy." 

Of  course,  those  Knights  of  Columbus  in 
whose  rather  oveipiroductive  brain  the  scheme 
originated,  did  not  consult  with  the  hierarchy 
before  launching  this  "saner  than  thou" 
scheme,  and  hence  are  gratified  in  agre:?ing 
wdth  the  New  Age  in  broadcasting  the  fol- 
lowing poison :  ' '  Just  how  long  the  Roman 
Catholic  laity  will  remain  quiet  under  the 
despotic  control  of  the  hierarchy  remains  to 
be  seen.  Already  there  are  signs  of  restive- 
ness  among  the  more  progressive  laymen.  The 
Knights  of  Columbus,  according  to  th^ir 
published  statistics,  have  lost  in  net  mem- 
bership in  recent  years,  and  it  is  an  open 
secret  that  this  decline  of  the  lay  order  is 
not  displeasing  to  the  church  authorities  who 
have  feared  the  rise  and  growth  of  an  organi- 
zation  of   American   lajonen. ' ' 

Masonry  must  be  having  a  vision  of  in- 
creased membership.  It  might  be  well  for  the 
Knights  of  Columbus  to  refresh  their  memo- 
ries and  put  into  daily  practice  some  of  the 
lessons  which  the  various  degrees  of  the 
order  impress  on  their  minds. 

K.    of   C.    4th 


The   Singing   of  the   "Dies  Irae" 

To  the   Editor:— 

Kindly   allow   me   to   say  a   few   words   in 
reply  to   Mr.   Otten's  arguments  against  my 


126 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


March  15 


letter  iu  the  F.  R.  of  Febr.  1st.  The  authori- 
ties quoted  by  Mr.  Otteii  are  not  quite  a>j 
recent  as  he  tliinks  them  to  be. 

In  one  point  only,  in  the  year  of  publica- 
tion, Dom  Johner's,  O.  S.  B.,  "New  School 
of  Gregorian  Chant ' '  is  more  recent  than 
Father  Krutschek  's  book ;  in  every  oiher 
respect  it  is  Just  as  old,  and  it  is  less  coiu- 
plete.  The  words  quoted  by  Mr.  Otten  are  r.u 
exact  translation  from  the  1st  edidon  of 
the  German  original.  The  same  edition  of 
the  "Decreta  Authentica  S.  C.  E., " 
quoted  by  Dom  Johner,  has  been  used  by 
Father  Krutschek  in  the  5th  edition  of  his 
book.  The  one  decree  mentioned  and  rejected 
by  Dom  Johner  has  been  mentioned  and  re- 
jected by  Father  Krutschek.  Dom  Joim->r's 
silence  about  all  the  other  decrees  mention  d 
by  Father  Krutschek  does  not  explain  away 
Father  Krutschek 's  argumentation;  th  s 
silence  merely  proofs  that  Dom  Johner 's  book 
is  less  complete  than  Father  Krutschjk's 
book. 

Except  the  year  of  publication.  Dr.  Otto 
Drinkwelder  's,  S.  J.,  ' '  Gesetz  und  Praxis  in 
der  Kirchenmusik "  is  also  just  as  old  ms 
Father  Krutschek 's  book,  and  to  judge  from 
the  quotation  by  Mr.  Otten,  it  is  also  worth- 
less. If  Father  Drinkwelder 's  conclusion 
proves  anything,  it  proves  that  there  is  a 
decree  (and  perhaps  more  than  one)  of  the 
S.  Congr.  of  Rites  speaking  distinctly  of  such 
parts  of  the  Requiem  that  have  the  character 
of  intercession  {precatio  suffragii)  and  must 
never  be  omitted  by  the  choir;  the  very 
wording  of  this  decree  makes  room  for  the 
conclusion  that  there  are  iu  the  Requiem  texts 
not  having  the  character  of  intercession,  and 
that  these  texts  may  be  omitted  by  the  choir. 
Now  such  merely  descriptive  parts  are  found 
exclusively  in  the  sequence;  or  will  anybody 
say  that  perhaps  such  texts  as  "  Te  decet  hym- 
nus  ....,"  "In  memoria  aeterna  .  .  .  .  "  or 
"  Quam  olim  Abrahae  .  .  .  .  "  are  descriptive? 
Even  then  some  parts  of  the  "Dies  irae" 
are  still  more  descriptive,  and  Father 
Drinkwelder 's  statement  that  the  * '  Dies  irae ' ' 
as  a  whole  is  to  be  conceived  as  a  petition, 
is  quite  arbitrary. 

How  confused  Father  Drinkwelder  is  in  hi'j 
conclusion,  may  be  seen  by  the  fact  that 
first  he  says  that  the  complete  text  of  the 
"Dies  irae"  must  be  sung  or  be  recited 
like  any  other  sequence,  and  just  a  few 
lines  later  lie  says:  "Recitation  in  the  sense 
of  the  Decree  is  in  any  event  excluded  in 
the  ease  of  the  'Dies  irae.'  "  Apart  from 
the  flat  contradiction  between  these  two 
statements  the  latter  is  also  incorrect,  be- 
cause in  the  case  of  recitation  it  is  quite 
immaterial  whether  the  organ  is  played  or 
not ;  see  Krutschek,  p.  257  etc.,  decree  No. 
3590  of  Sept.  19th,  1883. 

No;  if  Fath.  Drinkwelder 's  confused  words 
have  any  value,  it  is  that  of  confirming  im- 
plicitelv  Father  Krutschek 's  rather  lucid  ex- 
planation. 

I  agree  with  Mr.  Otten,  that  the  hobbling 
up    and    down    from    speech    to    melody    and 


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back  again  has  not  much  sense  and  perhaps  no 
sense  at  all;  but  this  thing  is  tolerated  by 
the  S.  Congr.  of  Rites;  see  Wuest,  G.  SS.  R., 
"Collectio  Rerum  Liturgicarum "  (3rd  ed.) 
No.  322;  this  mixture  of  melody  and  speech 
is  generally  tolerated  in  the  Kyria,  Gloria, 
Sanctus,  and  Agnus  Dei.  In  the  question 
about  the  "Dies  irae"  Father  Wuest  also 
is  incomplete  and  incorrect. 

Mr.  Otten  mentions  the  monastic  choir  of 
Beurou  and  Bishop  Isoard's  word  of  the 
"  systeme  du  moins  possible.''  Beuron  may 
be  considered  as  an  example  of  what  can  be 
done  under  extremely  favorable  conditions, 
but  certainly  not  as  a  standard  measure  that 
can  be  applied  auvwhere.  And  for  saying 
that  I  am  not  yet  to  be  suspected  as  being 
in  favor  of  the  ' '  systeme  du  moins  possible. ' ' 
Not  every  parish  in  America,  or  even  i]i 
Europe,  can  afford  to  have  a  choir  as  in  a 
cathedral;  f.  i.,  what  about  parishes  where 
all  the  singing  is  done  by  school  children 
under  the  direction  of  Sisters,  who  do  their 
best,  but  sometimes  are  rather  })Oor  musicians, 
and  whose  rules  object  to  tlie  admission  of 
male  persons  into  the  choir  after  they  have 
reached  a  certain  age?  There  are  other 
parishes,  where,  on  weekdays,  school  chil- 
dren only  are  available  for  the  singing,  Avhile 
at  the  same  time  the  school  work  imposes 
such  and  such  conditions.  Do  such  cnses 
not  deserve  some  consideration? 

Moreover,  the  decrees  of  the  S.  Congr.  of 
Rites  themselves  are  sufficient  proof  that  they 
are  nof  unchangeable,  and  that  ths  bishops 
also  have  a  word  to  say,  at  least  in  some 
cases ;  see,  e.  g.,  Wuest,  ' '  Coll.  Rer.  Liturg., ' ' 
No.  318. 
Windthorst,  Sask.  Peter  Habets,  O.  M.  I. 


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129 


The    Christian    Denomination 

that  rejects  a  revealed  truth  because 
it  is  incomprehensible,  contains 
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CHRISTIAN  DENOMINATIONS 
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BOOK  REVIEWS 


Victor  J.  Klutho 

Architect  and 
Superintendent 

Churches,  Schools,  and  Institutions 

Syndicate  Trust  Building 
Tenth  and  Olive  Streets 
Saint    Louis,  Missouri 

Illinois  T,ifpnspd  Engineer 

EMIL  FREI  ART  GLASS  GO. 

Stained  Glass  Windows 
and  V 

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Munich      -      St.  Louis      -      New  York 
Address  3934  S.  Grand  Blvd.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 


MISSIONARY    SISTERS 

Numerous  Sisters  are  needed  in  our 
foreign  fields.  For  details  in  regard  to 
admission  into  the  Community  of  the  Mis- 
sionary Sisters,  Servants  of  the  Holy 
Ghost,  write  to  Sister  Provincial,  Holy 
Ghost  Convent.   Techny,   111. 


A    Friendship    Between    Two    Saints 

An  original  contribution  to  liagiography  is 
the  Eev.  Dr.  Michael  Miiller's  stud^  of  tho 
friendship  between  St.  Francis  de  Sales  and 
St.  Jane  Frances  de  Chantal.  The  author 
shows  how  this  unique  relation  originated, 
how  it  developed,  and  how  St.  Francis  ac- 
counted  for   it. 

The  relationship  between  the  two  saints 
was,  of  course,  purely  spiritual,  based  on 
the  fact  that  they  had  both  consecrated  their 
lives  to  God.  The  connecting  link  was  not 
mutual  affection,  but  a  common  dedication 
to  God.  Eegarded  in  the  broad  frame  of 
universal  history,  says  the  author  (p.  290), 
such  friendships  are  rare  and  extraordinary 
phenomena,  yet  of  great  importance  for  the 
ethical  development  of  humanity.  For  it  is 
precisely  these  purely  spiritual  relations  be- 
tween saints  that  furnish  experimental  proof 
for  the  psychological  proposition  that  no 
kind  of  love  so  completely  removes  the  wall 
which  egotism  erects  between  men,  none  so 
intimately  unites  souls  and  makes  possible 
such  a  perfect  mutual  accommodation  of  dis- 
positions and  talents  and  that,  in  consequence, 
none  produces  such  a  profound  satisfaction 
and  happiness  as  this  charity  which  unites 
pious  souls  in  God.  The  modern  world,  by 
perverting  the  notion  of  love,  has  promoted 
a  sordid  egotism,  prevented  that  uncondi- 
tional mutual  dedication  which  is  a  funda- 
mental requirement  of  psychic  union  and  mu- 
tual perfeetioning,  and  thus  frustrated  perfect 
happiness.  The  social  importance  of  the 
amitie  spirituelle  which  united  St.  Francis 
with  St.  Jane  lies  in  this,  that  it  renders 
testimony  to  the  power  and  beauty  of  spiritu- 
al love  and,  in  the  midst  of  a  world  d.^eply 
immersed  in  material  pleasures,  points  the 
way  to  a  truer  and  more  perfect  happiness. 

The  title  of  Dr.  Miiller's  valuable  book  is, 
"Die  Freundschaft  des  hi.  Franz  von  Sales 
mit  der  hi.  Johanna  Franziska  von  Chantal," 
and  it  is  published  by  Kosel  and  Pustet  of 
Ratisbon,  Munich,  New  York,  and  Cincinnati. 


Literary  Briefs 

— "Our  Pastors  in  Calvary,"  by  Mary 
Constance  Smith,  is  a  collection  of  short  bio- 
graphical sketches  of  the  St.  Louis  priests 
buried  in  Calvary  Cemetery  from  its  con- 
secration, in  1854,  to  1924.  There  are  near- 
ly 200  of  them.  Many  of  the  sketches  are 
accompanied  by  portraits  of  the  subjects. 
Among  the  ecclesiastics  whose  memory  is 
thus  brought  back  to  the  present  generation 
are  such  eminent  men  as  Bishop  Duggan, 
Archbishop  Kenrick,  V.  Eev.  H.  Van  der 
Sanden,  Fr.  Innocent  Wapelhorst,  O.  F.  M., 
Eev.  Wm.  Faerber,  Eev.  D.  S.  Phelan,  and  a 
number  of  others.  Fr.  John  E.  Eothensteiner, 
editor  of  the  St.  Louis  Catholic  Historical 
Eeview,  contributes  an  introduction,  in  which 


130 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


March  15 


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also  on  many  years  of  experience  in  prominent  architectural  offices  and  in  the 
practice  of  architecture  under  his  own  name.  His  early  training,  the  knowledge 
gained  in  his  studies  abroad,  and  his  wide  experience  unquestionably  place  Mr. 
Preuss  in  the  foremost  rank  of  American  architectural  designers,  especially  for 
religious   art. 

Widmer  Engineers  render  such  cooperation  as  is  necessary  to  the  Architectural 
Department,  and  Widmer  field  forces  are  at  your  disposal  if  you  desire  them.  Thus, 
one  master  organization  may   handle  your  entire   project. 

Our  method  of  operating  not  only  tends  towards  efficiency  through  quick 
completion  of  your  building,  but  also  eliminates  pyramiding  of  architects',  engi- 
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he  points  out  that  the  remains  of  the  earlier 
St.  Louis  pastors  are  scattered  far  and  wide, 
wliile  of  the  later  ones  many  rrst  in  St.  Peter 
and  Paul 's  Cemetery  or  in  the  burial-grounds 
of  the  different  religious  orders,  of  which 
that  of  the  Jesuits  at  Florissant  is  probably 
the  best  known.  He  also  justly  remarks  that 
"a  book  of  this  kind  is  a  debt  of  gratitude 
which  our  Catholic  people  owe  to  the  memory 
of  their  chief  spiritual  benefactors,  the  men 
who,  inspired  by  love  and  zeal,  have  founded 
and  fostered  the  institutions  for  ths  ad- 
vancement of  God's  Kingdom  among  thj 
people  of  this  city  and  their  children.  They 
were  as  fathers  to  them,  and  the  memory  of 
their  lives  and  characters  should  be  trans- 
mitted to  future  generations."  (Blackwell 
Wielandy  Book  &   Stationery   Co.) 

■ — The  second  and  concluding  volume  of 
"Christ  and  the  Critics,"  by  Fr.  Hilarin 
Felder,  O.  M.  Cap.,  of  which  the  first  was 
favorably  reviewed  in  our  edition  of  D^-e.  15, 
1924,  deals  in  two  parts  with  ' '  The  Person 
of  Christ"  and  "The  Works  of  Christ." 
The  author,  inter  alia,  gives  a  judicious 
survey  and  refutation  of  the  various  modern 
theories  devised  to  show  that  Our  Divine 
Saviour  was — ^t  vcnia  verba! — mentally  un- 
sound. The  chapter  on  His  moral  perfection 
is  highly  edifying.  That  on  "Science  and 
the  Gospel  Miracles ' '  is  one  of  the  best 
critical  efforts  ever  put  between  the  covers  of 


a  Catholic  book.  Mr.  John  L.  Stoddard's 
translation  of  the  text  is,  on  the  whole,  well 
done,  though,  we  regret  to  say.  mpuy  typo- 
graphical errors  have  escaped  the  proof- 
reader, especially  in  the  German  book  titles 
quoted  in   the   foot-notes.      (Benziger   Bros.) 

— * '  Jesus  the  Model  of  Religious "  is  a 
translation,  by  a  Sister  of  Notre  Dame,  of 
meditations  for  every  day  in  the  vear,  written 
originally  in  German  by  a  religious  of  the 
Congregation  of  St.  Charles  Borromeo. 
Bishop  Schrembs  has  contributed  a  Preface, 
in  which  he  says  that  these  meditations  are 
"admirable  both  for  accuracy  of  doctrine 
and  method  of  presentation,"  and  have  the 
further  rare  advantage  that  they  are  adapted 
to  the  needs  of  all  religious.  There  are  two 
stout  volumes,  printed  in  large  clear  type  on 
beautiful  paper.      (Fr.  Pustet  Co.,  Inc.) 

— The  Abbe  Alfred  Momiin  has  written, 
and  Fr.  Bertram  Wolferstan,  S.  J.,  has  trans- 
lated into  English,  a  bulky  life  of  "The 
Cure  of  Ars, "  Blessed  (very  soon  to  be 
Saint)  Jean-Baptiste-Mfirie  Viann-^v  vho.  like 
many  another  holy  man,  has  suffered  much 
from  hagiographers.  Monuin  's  massive  vol- 
ume could  easily  have  been  condensed  to  half 
its  present  size  without  essential  loss.  LTn- 
fortunately,  the  book  reeks  with  senti- 
mentality, which  is  the  bane  of  French  piety. 
The  greater 's  the  pity,  since  the  Blessed 
Vianney  himself  was  singularly  free  from  this 


1925 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY   REVIEW 


131 


defect.  The  Cure  of  Ars  was  wonderfully 
hnman,  though  the  author  nearly  wrecks  his 
character  by  trying  to  make  him  appear  as 
a  superman.  He  remained  "ignoi'aut"  Avith 
a  mass  of  accumulated  wisdom.  He  conceived 
a  great  devotion  to  St.  Philumena^  who  never 
existed,  but  was  construed  out  of  a  broken 
slab  in  the  Roman  catacombs.  Perhaps  the 
surest  evidence  of  his  sanctity  may  be  found 
in  the  persecution  he  endured  in  connection 
with  an  orphanage  which  he  had  founded, 
and  in  which  he  reared  children  with  entire 
disregard  of  hygiene  and  of  the  most  elemen- 
tary economics.  The  bishop  commanded  him 
to  hand  over  this  Avork  to  competent  managers, 
and  the  Cure,  whose  slightest  word  Avas  laAv 
to  his  parishioners,  obeyed,  though  it  nearly 
broke  his  heart.  (Sands  &  Co.  and  B.  Herder 
Book  Co.) 


New  Books  Received 


Bivus  Thomas.  Commentarium  de  Philosophin 
et  Theologia.  Series  Tertia.  Annus  Pri- 
mus. Fasciculus  Singularis.  1924.  Ila 
Editio.  280  pp.  8vo.  Turin:  Marietti.  L. 
7. 

Im  Lande  der  MorgensHUe.  Reise-Erinne- 
rungen  an  Korea  von  Dr.  Norbert  Weber 
O.  S.  B.,  Erzabt  von  St.  Ottilien.  ZAveite 
Auflage.  Mit  24  Farbentafeln  nach  Lu- 
miere-Aufnahmen  des  Verfassers,  28  VoU- 
bildern  und  290  Abbildungen  inr  Text, 
sowie  mit  3  Karten.  xi  &  467  pp.  8x10  in. 
MissionsA'erlag  St.  Ottilien,  Oberbayern. 
(For  sale  in  the  U.  S.  by  the  B.  Herder 
Book  Co.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.)      $4  net. 

Sinritual  Guide  for  Heligious.  x  &  238  pp. 
12mo.  Metuchen,  N.  J.:  Brothers  of  the 
Sacred  Heart.     $1.50. 

The  Young  Apostle.  Being  a  Series  of  Con- 
ferences for  Church  Students.  By  the  Rev. 
Wm.  Godfrey,  D.  D.,  Ph.  D.  x  &  186  pp. 
12mo.     Benziger  Bros.     $1.65  net. 

An  Eight  Bays'  Retreat  for  Eeligious.  By 
Henry  Gabriel,  S.  J.  Third  Edition,  Re- 
Avritten  and  Enlarged,  viii  &  451  pp.  12mo. 
B.  Herder  Book  Co.     $1.75  net. 

P.  Morits  Meschler  aus  der  Gesellschaft  Jesu. 
Ein  Lebensbild  von  Nikolaus  Scheid  S.  J. 
Mit  4  Bildern.  220  pp.  12mo.  Herder  & 
Co.      $1.50   net. 

Once  Upon  a  Time.  Being  the  Life  of  Adrian 
Ignatius  McCormiek  of  the  Society  of  Jesus. 
By  David  P.  McAstocker,  S.  J.  vi  &  238 
pp.  12mo.    Boston:    The  Stratford  Co. 

Monthly  Recollectioris.  Being  a  Series  of 
Meditations  on  Our  Last  Ends,  Avith  Ap- 
propriate Examinations  of  Conscience,  Ar- 
ranged for  the  Benefit  of  Eeligious  Com- 
munities by  the  V.  Rev.  Canon  Lescoubier. 
3rd  ed.  x  &  113  pp.  24mo.  Benziger  Bros. 
75  cts.  net. 

Ad  Mariam  ex  Litaniis.  Verses  by  Fv. 
Jerome,  0.  S.  B.  52  pp.  4%  by  4i^  in. 
St.  Leo,  Fla. :  Abbey  Press. 

Winning  the  Lodge-Man.  A  Handbook  of 
Secret   Societies   by   Theo.   Graebner,    Con- 


cordia Seminary.  99  pp.  Svo.  Published 
by  Prof.  Theo.  Graebner,  3618  Texas  Ave., 
St.  Louis,  Mo.     60  cts. 

Bie  Vdterlesungen  des  Breviers.  Uebersetzt, 
ervA-eitert  und  kurz  erklart  von  Athanasius 
Wintersig,  Benediktiner  der  Abtei  Maria 
Laaeh.  Erste  Abteilung:  Winterteil;  mit 
einer  Einfiihrung.  xv  &  389  pp.  16mo. 
(Vol.  XIII  of  "Ecclesia  Orans,"  ed.  by 
Abbot    lid.    Herwegen).      Herder.      $1.75. 

Bie  Hymnen  des  Breviers  in  TJrform  und 
neuen  deutschen  Nachdichtungen.  Von  Dr. 
Hans  Rosenberg.  ZAveite  (Sehluss-)  Ab- 
teilung. Mit  einem  Anhange:  Die  Hymnen 
und  Sequenzen  des  Messbuches.  xviii  & 
241  pp.  16mo.  (Vol.  XII  of  "Ecclesia 
Orans").     Herder.     $1. 

Be  luhilaeo  sen  Anno  Sancto  vertente  Anno 
1925.  Auctore  P.  Lud.  I.  Fanfani,  O.  P. 
41  pp.  16mo.    Turin:  Marietti.     L.  2. 

Wege  sum  Gliiclc.  Biicher  f  iir  schone  Lebens- 
gestaltung  von  Dr.  Alfons  Heilmann. 
Drifter  Band :  Vom  kostbaren  Leben ;  Sonn- 
tagsgedanken.  Adii  &  192  pp.  12mo.  Herder. 
$1. 

Joseph  Gumniers'bach,  1844 — 1924.  Skizze 
von  Msgr.  F.  G.  Hohveck.  21  pp.  12mo. 
With  frontispiece.     Herder. 

Be  Sacrificio  Missae  Tractatus  Asceticus. 
Continens  Praxim  attente,  devote  et  re- 
verenter  eelebrandi.  Auctore  loanne  Bona, 
Presb.  Card.  Ord.  Cisterc.  48th  thousand. 
Turin,  Italy:  Casa  Editrice  Marietti.  viii 
&  228  pp.  .32mo.     L.  3. 


A  Catholic  neAvspaper  of  superior 
merit,  which  appeals  to  readers  outside 
of  its  OAvn  local  -environment.  It  con- 
tains a  great  deal  of  information  Avhich 
will  not  be  found  in  any  other  paper. 

Father  F.  Rombouts,  of  NeAV  Orleans, 
says  in  the  Dec.  15,  1924,  issue  of  the 
Fortnightly  Review :  ' '  First  the  F.  R., 
second  The  Echo — and  all  the  rest  .  is 
simply  filling." 


SEND  FOR  A  SAMPLE   COPY 


THE  ECHO 

564  Dodge  St.        Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


1313 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY   EEVIEW 


March  15 


Ve  Mutrimonio  ct  Causis  Matrimonialibus 
Tractatus  Canonico-M oralis  iuxta  Codicem 
luris  Canonici.  Auctore  P.  Nic.  Farrugia, 
Orel.  S.  Aug.  vii  &  564  pp.  16iuo.  Turin: 
Marietti.     L.  18. 

luris  CriminaUs  Philosopliici  Sum  ma  Linea- 
menta.  Ad  Usum  Scholarum  Fac.  luridi- 
eae  Poutif.  Semin.  Kom.  Auctore  Sac.  los. 
Latiiii.  vi  &  21.3  pp.  12iiio.  Turin: 
Marit'tti.     L.  8.50. 

Praclectiones  Bihlicae.  Ad  Usum  Scholarum 
a  E.  P.  Hadr.  Simon,  C.  SS.  E.,  exaratae. 
Novum  Testamentum.  Vol.  I:  Introductio 
et  Commontarius  in  IV  Evangelia.  Altera 
Editio.  xxxii  &  652  pp.  8vo.  Turin: 
Marietti.      L.    35. 


A  SPRINKLE  OF  SPICE 


A  special  to  the  Louisville  Courier- Journal 
(Feb.  14)  from  NeAvport,  Ky.,  says:  "Tues- 
day every  newspaper  hereabouts  carried 
this  solemn  proclamation  over  the  Mayor's 
signature:  'Whereas,  Thursday,  February  12, 
1912,  has  been  designated  as  Columbus  Dav, 
in  honor  of  Christopher  Columbus,  the  dis- 
coverer of  our  country,  I,  A.  J.  Livingston, 
by  the  power  vested  in  me  as  Mayor  of  the 
city  of  Newport,  do  hereby  proclaim  Thurs- 
day, February  12,  1925,  to  be  a  holiday,  and 
order  all  the  city  offices  closed  on  that  day.' 
A  leading  Newport  wag  read  the  proclama- 
tion, glanced  at  a  calendar  and  a  thermometer 
and  remarked  that  America's  discoverer  prob- 
ablv  cruised  in  an  iceboat.  The  Mayor 
said  a  clerk  in  his  office  made  the  mistake.'' 


The  story  of  Bishop  Kelley,  of  Oklahoma, 
who  admitted  that  he  had  a  "Protestant 
stomach ' '  when  it  came  to  Friday  abstinence, 
brings  a  letter  from  an  American  exile  in 
London,  who  tells  of  a  colored  cook  in  the 
employ  of  a  family  with  whom  slie  boarded 
in  New  York.  "Knowing  that  I  was  a 
Catholic,  as  she  had  to  prepare  something 
special  for  me  on  Fridays  and  fast  days, 
she  remarked  one  day,  seriously,  that  she 
thought  she  would  make  a  good  Catholic,  as 
she  Avas  fond  of  fish. ' ' 


When  Johnson  was  compiling  his  dictionary 
he  could  not  find  the  origin  of  the  word 
"curmudgeon."  He  wrote  and  asked  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine  to  help  him.  An 
anonymous  writer  on  that  learned  periodical 
suggested  the  origin. — Johnson  gave  at  once 
the  information  and  his  indebtedness  in  his 
work,  thus :  ' '  Curmudgeon,  s. ;  a  vicious  way 
of  pronouncing  coeur  meehant.  An  unknown 
correspondent."  Asp,  who  later  compiled  a 
dictionar_y,  made  the  following  brilliant  use 
of  Johnson — Curmudgeon  from  the  French 
coeur,  unknown,  and  vicchant,  correspondent. 

Jack  Dempsey  is  also  the  Champion  Heavy- 
Aveight  Optimist.  He  said  he  Avas  going  to  get 
married  and  stop  fighting. 


There  are  tAVO  sides  to  every  question,  both 
of   Avhich  may  be  Avrong. 


New  Publications 

Five  Minute     Sermons. 

Short  Talks  on  Life's  Problems.  By 
Eev.  J.  Elliot  Boss,  C.  S.  P.  Cloth,  8vo., 
X  &   314   pages,   net  $1.75. 

The  Philosophy  of  St.  Thomas  Aquinzis. 

Authorized  Translation  from  the  Third 
fievised  Edition  of  "Le  Thomisme" 
by  Etienne  Gilson.  Translated  by 
EdAvard  Bullough,  M.  A.  Edited  by 
Eev.  G.  A.  Elringtou,  O.  P.,  D.  Sc. 
Cloth,  8vo.,  XVI  &  288  pages,  with 
frontispiece,  net  $2.25. 

The   Valley   of  Peace. 

By  Lida  L.  Coghlan.  Cloth,  8vo.,  282 
pages,  art  jacket,  net  $1.50. 

Father    Tim's    Talks    With    People    He 

Met. 

By  C.  D.  McEnniry,  C.  SS.  R.  Volume 
Five.  Cloth,  8vo..  IV  &  185  pages,  net 

$1.00. 

The  Psalms. 

A  Study  of  the  Vulgate  Psalter  in 
the  Light  of  the  Hebrew  Text.  By  Rev. 
Patrick  Boylan,  M.  A.  Volume  Two. 
(Psalms  LXXII— CL.)  Large  Svo., 
XII  &  404  pages,  net  $6.25. 

The  Tower  to  Tyburn. 

A  London  Pilgrimage  by  P.  J. 
Chandlery,  S.  J.  Cloth  8vo.,  XII  & 
164  pages,  and  copious  illustrations, 
net   $2.25. 

St.    Benedict. 

A  Character  Study.  From  the  Pen 
of  Rt.  Rev.  Ildephonse  Herwegen,  0. 
S.  B.,  Abbot  of  Maria  Laach.  Trans- 
lated by  Dom  Peter  Nugent,  O.  S.  B. 
Cloth,   8vo.,  184  pages,  net  $2.25. 

The   Cure  of   Ars. 

(The     Blessed     Jean-Baptiste     Marie 

Vianney.)        By     the  Abbe      Alfred 

Monnin.      Translation  and    Notes    by 

Bertram     Wolferstan,  S.     J.     Cloth, 

large  8vo.,  558  pages,  illustrated,  net 
$6.25. 

The     Problem     of     Evil     and      Human 
Destiny. 

From  tJie  German  of  the  Rev.  Otto 
Zimmcrmann,  S.  J.,  by  the  Eev.  John 
S.  Zybura.  With  Introduction  by  the 
Eight  Eev.  Joseph  Sehrembs,  D.  D. 
Cloth,  8vo.,  XIV  &  135  pages,  net  90 
cents. 

The    Virtues    of   the    Divine    Child    and 
Other    Papers. 

By  the  late  Daniel  Considine,  S.  J. 
With  an  Introductory  Memoir  bv  F. 
C.  Devas,  S.  J.  Cloth,  8vo.,  XXIV  & 
204  pages,  net  $2.00. 


B.  Herder  Book  Co. 

I  7     South     Broadway,     St.     Louis,     Mo, 


The  Fortnightly  Review 


VOL.  XXXII,  NO. 


ST.  LOUIS,  MISSOUEI 


April  1st,  1925 


CHRONICLE  AND  COMMENT 


16th  Centenary  of  the  Nicene  Council 

It  is  significant  that  the  Holy  Year 
1925  ^should  commemorate  the  16th 
centenaiy  of  the  Council  of  Nicea. 
At  Nicea,  in  the  north-west  of  Asia 
Minor,  there  met  in  the  summer  of  325 
the  first  ecumenical  council  of  the 
Christian  Church.  The  number  of 
bishops  Avas  most  probably  318,  and 
with  a  fcAv  exceptions  they  represented 
the  Eastern  part  of  the  Church.  In 
consultation  with  the  Pope  and  chief 
bishops  of  Christendom,  the  Emperor 
convoked  the  Council,  and  to  facilitate 
its  meeting,  placed  at  the  bishops'  dis- 
posal the  public  conversances  and  the 
imperial  post.  The  great  abiding  me- 
morial of  this  Council  is  the  first  part 
of  the  Creed  recited  at  Mass,  in  which 
the  God-head  of  Christ  and  His  Incar- 
nation are  defined  with  exact  precision 
and  in  superb  majesty  of  phrase. 
Hosius,  Bishop  of  Cordova,  supported 
by  Victor  and  Vincentius,  presided, 
and  represented  the  Pope. 

Empire  and  emperors  have  gone, 
Constantinople  and  the  East  are  large- 
ly in  the  hands  of  infidels  and  schisma- 
tics, but  from  the  Eternal  City  of 
Rome  the  Vicar  of  Christ  still  reigns 
over  the  Universal  Church  in  realms 
and  continents  undreamed  of  by  the 
Nicene  Fathers,  but  preserving  invio- 
late the  same  Faith  which  was  theirs. 

The  "Missing  Link"  Once  More 

The  newspapers  have  lately  devoted 
much  space  to  an  account  of  the  dis- 
covery, at  Taungs  in  South  Africa 
(north  of  Kimberley),  of  a  skull  de- 
scribed as  that  of  "the  missing  link 
between  apes  and  men."  Some  of  the 
papers  gave  highly  conjectural  por 
traits  of  the  creature  to  which  the  skull 
belonged.,  making  it  look  very  like  a 


low  Negro  type.  They  disregarded  the 
clear  statement  of  one  of  the  experts 
who  has  examined  it,  that,  whatever  it 
may  be,  the  skull  is  not  human.  Obvi- 
ousl}^  it  is  that  of  a  big  ape  belonging 
to  an  extinct  species.  Most  of  the  news- 
paper talk  about  it  is  the  mere  unscien- 
tific gossip  that  passes  with  many  peo- 
ple for  "the  latest  results  of  science." 
A  remarkable  fact  al)out  all  these  big 
apes,  of  both  living  and  extinct  species, 
is  that  they  are  structurally  farther 
removed  from  the  human  type  than 
some  of  the  smallest  species. 

There  is  perhaps  no  subject  on 
which  so  much  unscientific  nonsense 
has  been  talked — not  by  the  experts 
but  by  the  retailers  of  "popular 
science" — as  fossil  skulls,  ape-men, 
and  the  "missing  link." 

Catholics  and  State  Universities 

A  correspondent  of  America  (Vol. 
XXXII,  No.  20)  in  the  Middle  West 
reports  that  in  this  section  of  the 
country  positive  efforts  are  being  made 
to  attract  Catholic  young  men  and 
women  to  the  secular  State  universi- 
ties, under  the  plea  that,  as  graduates 
of  such  institutions,  they  will  be  more 
successful  in  their  careers  and  more 
apt  to  rise  to  positions  of  leadership. 
In  Illinois,  in  particular,  there  is  such 
a  wide-spread  and  intensive  propa- 
ganda among  Catholics  in  favor  of  the 
State  University,  that  Catholic  stu- 
dents are  leaving  Catholic  colleges  to 
matriculate  at  Urbana.  The  corres- 
pondent of  AfiieiHca  finds  it  perfectly 
proper  that  a  priest  should  be  ap- 
pointed to  minister  to  the  spiritual 
needs  of  such  Catholic  students  as  may, 
for  some  reason  or  other,  attend  the 
State  University,  but  he  strenuously 
and — we    believe,    rightly — objects   to 


134 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


April  1 


tlie  "po.sitivc,  detiiiite,  and  explicit  ef- 
forts"' that  are  being  made  to  attract 
Catliolic  boys  and  girls  to  that  insti- 
tution, because  of  the  presence  of  a 
])riest  there  who  strives  to  minimiz(> 
the  danger  connected  for  every  Cath- 
olic student  with  attendance  at  a  secu- 
lar institution  of  learning  where  not 
a  few  of  the  tutors  are  infidels.  He 
also  objects — and  with  at  least  equal 
justice — to  the  way  in  which  the  "ad- 
vantages'" to  be  enjoyed  at  the  State 
university  are  put  forward  and 
stressed,  to  tlie  serious  detriment  of 
our  Catholic  colleges.  "If  the  exper- 
iment succeeds,"'  he  says  at  the  end 
of  his  communication,  "then  Catli- 
olic  colleges  and  universities  nuiy  as 
well  close  their  doors." 

There  is  no  doubt  about  it,  and  one 
does  not  need  to  belong  to  a  great 
Catholic  teaching  order  like  the  Society 
of  Jesus,  which  publishes  America,  to 
see  the  very  real  danger  to  Catholic 
education  that  lurks  in  this  movement. 

The  True  Papini 

The  Chicago  weekly  Unity,  a  maga- 
zine which  is  very  ably  edited  by  Dr. 
John  Haynes  Holmes,  was  probably  the 
first  periodical  in  this  country  to  de- 
nounce Papini 's  "Life  of  Christ"  as 
trash.  Tilie  F.  R.  after  having  had  an 
opportunity  to  examine  the  work, 
agreed  with  this  opinion.  Unfortunate- 
ly, even  such  highly  respected  (^atholic 
papers  as  America  joined  in  the  chorus 
of  indiscriminate  laudation, — merely, 
it  seems,  because  the  author  iDretended 
to  have  returned  to  the  Catholic  relig- 
ion, from  which  he  had  fallen  away  in 
his  youth.  Like  Unity  (Vol.  XCIIT, 
No.  13),  "we  know  of  no  more  dread- 
ful evidence  of  the  superficiality,  even 
degradation,  of  so-called  educated 
opinion  in  America  than  this  recent 
exhibition  of  prostration  before  Papini 
and  his  Christ.  Everything  that  has 
been  said  about  this  country  in  terms 
of  'Main  Street,'  'Babbitt,'  and 
Mencken's  'boobocracy'  stands  here 
triumphantly  justified.  And  now 
comes  [Papini 's  other  book]  'The 
Failure"  [cfr.  F.  R.  XXXI,  9,  p.  168] 
to  prove  the  case.  What  a  nauseating 
revelation    of    egotism,    meeabnuania, 


downright  hypocrisy,  aiid  pose !  There 
isn't  a  word  in  this  volume  but  rep- 
I'esents  a  soul  panting  in  lust  of  sensa- 
tion and  spotlight.  One  vain  thing 
after  another  has  this  man  done  to  win 
attention  and  gain  a])p]ause.  His 
joining  tlie  Catholic  Church  is  only 
his  latest  wild  adventure  after  noto- 
riety, to  be  ended  as  soon  as  he  has  ex- 
lumsted  its  possibilities  of  personal  ad- 
vantage."' AVe  only  regret  that  this 
well  nigh  insane  autobiography  of 
Pajuni  will  not  be  so  widely  read  as 
the  "Life  of  Christ,"  for  as  a  correc- 
tive or  cathartic  it  is  almost  priceless. 

Immoral  Literature 

The  Baltimore  Sun  says:  "Immoral 
literature  exists  because  there  is  a 
popular  demand  for  it.  AVhen  the 
popular  demand  ceases,  there  will  be 
no  more  immoral  literature.  The  way 
to  decrease  the  popular  demand  for 
immoral  literature  is  to  increase  the 
demand  for  good  literature." 

Several  organizations,  like  the 
Watch  and  Ward  Societ}-,  are  making 
war  on  bad  books.  AYill  the  public 
press  help!  Are  not  some  of  our 
dailies  and  national  magazines  the 
greatest  propagators  of  innnoral  filth? 
Are  not  certain  papers  and  magazines 
popular  precisely'  because  they  feed 
the  perverted  instincts  of  depraved 
readers,  old  and  young?  Should  not 
a  laAv  ])e  made  prohibiting  the  writing, 
printing,  and  selling  of  immoral  pa- 
pers, magazines,  and  books?  Drunken- 
ness is  a  sin,  but  is  not  the  intoxication 
caused  by  poisonous  reading  far  more 
harmful  than  the  abuse  of  strong  liq- 
uor? Are  not  innumerable  minds  and 
bodies  ruined  by  immoral  books? 

The  Masonic  Idea  of  a  League  of 
Nations 

What  kind  of  a  League  of  Nations 
English  Freemasonr}"  is  striving  for, 
may  be  gathered  from  a  report  of  the 
international  advertising  convention 
sent  from  London  to  the  Christian 
Scie)ice  Monitor  by  that  eminent 
English  Masonic  writer,  Mr.  Dudley 
Wright.  We  quote  from  that  news- 
paper's edition  of  Aug.  8,  1924,  page 
11,  col.  2: 


J 


]925 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


135 


"The  American  visitors  (Masonic 
members  of  the  advertising  conven- 
tion) heartily  cheered  Lord 
Gisboroiigh,  Past  Grand  Warden  of 
England,  who,  replying  for  the  officers 
of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  England,  said 
he  looked  forward  to  the  establishment 
of  a  league  made  up  by  the  union  of  the 
two  great  races  which  spoke  the  same 
language,  had  the  same  ideals,  and 
were  guided  by  the  same  standards. 
That  would  be  a  real  league  and  he  was 
thankful  it  was  coming  fast.  When 
the  great  British  Empire  and  the  great 
Tnited  States  of  America  stood  side  ])y 
side,  the  power  they  would  wield  would 
Ix;  worthy  of  those  great  races  and 
worthy  also  of  the  great  traditions 
that  lay  behind  them.  He  believed 
that  Masonry  had  already  taken  and 
would  still  continue  to  take  a  great 
[)art  in  effecting  that  union.  He  hoped 
that  those  two  races  would  be  brothers, 
standing  side  hy  side,  upholding  the 
great  standards  of  Masonic  brother- 
hood."     [Italics  ours.- — F.  i?.]. 

We  are  assured  that  "Lord 
Gisborough's  speech  Avas  greeted  as 
}>ossibly  no  speech  has  ever  been  greet- 
ed at  a  Masonic  gathering  in  this 
country. ' ' 

The  Albigenses 

In  the  current  number  of  the  Philo- 
sopher, the  quarterly  organ  of  the 
British  Philosophical  Society,  is  a 
short  article  from  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Arendzen,  in  which  this  well-known 
defender  of  the  Catholic  faith  cor- 
rects a  previous  writer  in  the  same 
journal  on  the  subject  of  the  Albigen- 
ses. The  true  historian,  as  he  points 
out,  must  never  lose  a  sense  of  pro- 
portion, and  any  sufferings  on  the 
part  of  the  Albigenses  must  be  taken 
in  relation  to  the  popular  anger  which 
their  pernicious  social  teaching 
aroused,  leading  often  to  a  rough-and- 
ready  justice  from  the  populace, 
treatment  which  as  a  matter  of  fact, 
was  moderated  by  the  influence  of  the 
clergy.  Yet  a  lecturer,  Mrs.  Grenside, 
had  written  that  the  Albigenses  "en- 
dured much  ecclesiastical  persecu- 
tion." 


Albigensianism,  Doctor  Arendzen 
shows,  in  its  teaching  that  marriage 
and  the  perpetuation  of  life  were  in- 
trinsically evil,  was  not  really  a  here- 
sy against  Christianity  and  the  Cath- 
olic Church,  "it  was  a  revolt  against 
nature,  a  pestilential  perversion  of 
human  instinct.  If  this  abhorrence  of 
marriage  had  spread  .  .  .  Europe 
would  have  been  filled  with  a  race  of 
degenerates."  If  ever  stern  measures 
were  called  for  by  a  movement  destruc- 
tive of  the  interests  of  Christian  socie- 
ty, it  was  in  the  case  of  the  Albigenses ; 
and  the  crusade  of  Innocent  III  came 
chiefly  by  persuasion  from  the  secular 
]iowers  of  the  time. 

"The  Moloney  Musical  Stick" 

^Meeting  on  his  missionary  tours  a 
number  of  musically  inclined  persons, 
ambitious  to  play  the  piano,  but  for  one 
reason  or  other  unable  to  begin  at  the 
lowest  rung  in  the  scales,  the  Rev.  P. 
J.  Moloney,  M.S.C.,  of  Kensington, 
X.S.AV.,  Australia,  devised  a  "music 
stick  or  pianoford,"  which  is  simply  a 
stick  two  feet  in  length,  octagonal  or 
square  in  shape,  light  as  matchwood, 
from  which  are  set  three  rows  of  rub- 
ber pegs  in  finger  form,  so  arranged 
that  one  set  strikes  out  in  octave  tones 
the  aria  or  melody  of  the  music 
played,  whilst  the  other  two  rows  along 
the  stick,  on  either  side,  or  "the  octave 
fingers,"  one  representing  the  direct 
chords,  the  other,  the  inverted  chords, 
are  manipulated  by  a  roll  of  the  stick 
to  and  fro  on  the  piano  keys,  and  so 
produce  harmonious  accompaniment 
with  those  that  strike  out  the  melody. 
As  the  inventor  points  out,  the  "Mu- 
sical Stick"  will  play  in  C,  F,  or  G.  A 
little  practice  and  attention  to  the 
simple  directions  given  ensure  success. 
A  writer  in  the  Sydney  Catholic  Press 
says  that  in  one  short  afternoon  he 
mastered  "The  Stick,"  and  has  wit- 
nessed others  play  a  range  of  music 
from  ' '  Mother  Machree ' '  to  more  intri- 
cate pieces  from  "II  Trovatore, "  as 
well  as  dance  music,  old  and  modern. 
Further  information  can  be  had  from 
E.  J.  Dwyer,  711  George  Street, 
Sydney,  Australia. 


136 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 

The  Michigan  Parochial  School  Campaign 

By  Benedict  Elder 


April  1 


Too  little  attention,  it  seems  to  the 
writer,  has  been  given  to  the  campaign 
conducted  last  year  in  Michigan  to 
save  the  parochial  schools  from  de- 
struction through  a  constitutional 
amendment  submitted  to  the  people  in 
November,  which  resulted  in  a  signal 
victor}^  for  the  defenders  of  the  right 
of  private  education. 

While  the  writer  in  common  with 
Catholics  throughout  the  nation  fol- 
lowed that  campaign  very  closely  as  it 
Avas  reported  in  the  press,  it  was  not 
until  some  weeks  afterwards,  when  Mr. 
Ernest  A.  O'Brien  of  Detroit  fur- 
nished him  with  an  outline  of  the  pro- 
cedure followed  and  specimens  of  liter- 
ature used  in  the  course  of  the  cam- 
paign, that  the  full  extent  and  charac- 
ter of  the  Avork  done  were  known  to 
him,  and  after  some  weeks'  study  of 
these  he  rather  feels  that  some  obser- 
vations will  not  be  without  interest, 
possibly  may  sometime  be  of  benefit, 
to  the  readers  of  the  Fortnightly 
Review. 

A  similar  campaign  conducted  in 
Michigan  four  years  ago  was  like- 
wise successful,  while  the  campaign 
on  practically  the  same  issue  con- 
ducted in  Oregon  two  years  ago  was 
unsuccessful.  Yet,  speaking  largely, 
the  people  of  Oregon  and  the  people 
of  Michigan,  like  the  people  of  every 
other  section  of  our  country,  are  as  a 
rule  animated  by  the  same  motives 
and  respond  to  the  same  rational  and 
social  stimuli.  When,  therefore,  we 
see  the  same  issue  win  in  one  section 
and  lose  in  another,  it  is  only  fair  to 
ascribe  the  difference  in  results  to  the 
difference  in  methods  adopted. 

On  the  part  of  those  opposing  the 
proposed  amendment,  the  Michigan 
campaign  was  conducted  upon  strictly 
American  grounds.  A  study  of  their 
literature  and  publicity  methods 
leaves  little  to  be  desired.  They  were 
calculated  not  to  arouse,  but  to  dissi- 
pate prejudice.  They  emphasized  the 
fact  that  religious  animosity  is  injur- 
ious to  the  common  welfare,  and  with- 


out waiving,  rather  ignore  the  wrong 
which  it  inflicts  upon  Catholics  as 
Catholics.  They  do  not,  as  we  some- 
times say,  "reach  up  and  pull  down 
the  croAvn  of  martyrdom." 

Economic  considerations  are,  of 
course,  stressed,  but  not  to  the  point 
of  putting  the  issue  of  the  campaign 
on  a  purely  material  basis.  Through- 
out, there  is  the  dominant  note  of  the 
general  welfare,  with  parental  rights, 
educational  freedom,  religious  liberty, 
public  expenditures,  and  doAvnright 
fair  play,  all  emphasized  in  equal  de- 
gree. 

The  facts  presented  were  such  as 
to  appeal  to  every  citizen  regardless 
of  creed.  It  Avas  shoAvn  that  the 
amendment  Avas  not  a  defense  of  the 
public  schools,  as  they  Avere  not  being 
attacked;  was  not  to  bring  about  com- 
pulsory education,  which  was  already 
provided  for  by  the  law  of  Michigan; 
Avas  not  to  bring  private  schools  under 
State  supervision,  AA-hich  likcAvise  Avas 
already  a  provisiouv  of  Michigan  laAv : 
Avas  not  to  require  all  citizens  to  sup- 
port the  public  schools  Avith  their 
taxes,  as  that  AA-as  already  being  done ; 
— but  that  its  sole  object  was  to  out- 
Jaw  private  and  parochial  education. 

It  Avas  shown  that  the  first  schools 
hi  Michigan  Avere  church  schools,  that 
the  University  of  Michigan  Avas  the 
joint  work  of  Father  Richard  and  a 
Presbyterian  minister,  that  more  than 
125,000  children  in  Michigan  Avere 
attending  private  schools  and  the 
initial  cost  for  building  and  equip- 
ment necessary  to  accommodate  these 
in  the  public  schools  Avould  be  nearly 
$80,000,000,  Avhile  the  annual  upkeep 
for  their  maintenance  would  be  nearly 
$10,000,000. 

An  argument  presented  by  the  Free 
Schools  Exponent  read  thus:  "No 
voting  person  can  walk  past  a  parish 
school  in  Michigan  and  not  acknowl- 
edge: 'There  is  a  building  that 
saves  me  $70  in  money  that  could  be 
taxed  against  me  for  building  a  public 
school.'     No  voting  person  can  Avalk 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


137 


past  a  teaching  Sister  in  the  garb  of 
the  Roman  Catholic  Church,  or  past 
an  active  young  woman  in  the  Christ- 
ian Reform  schools  that  are  soi  fine  a 
part  of  the  Grand  Rapids  Compulsory 
Edueation  System,  and  not  say : 
'That  lady  saves  me  $10  a  year  that  I 
could  be  taxed  to  pay  a  teacher  to  take 
her  place.'  No  voting  person  can 
Avalk  past  a  parent  who  has  a  child  in 
one  of  these  schools  without  having 
to  acknowledge :  *  That  parent  lielps 
me  educate  my  child  in  less  crowded 
conditions  by  paying  his  taxes  cheer- 
fully, as  a  right  minded  citizen  who 
believes  in  the  public  school,  while  as 
a  right  minded  citizen,  too,  he  feels  his 
parental  responsibility  calls  on  him 
to  pay  for  his  child  in  a  school  where 
the  atmosphere  of  his  particular  re- 
ligious connection  is  thrown  about  his 
children,  as  they  study  the  same  things 
my  child  studies,  at  his  expense  as 
well  as  mine,  in  the  public  school.' 
Those  are  three  simple  facts  of  money 
indebtedness  to  Michigan  church 
schools  and  church  school  teachers  and 
parents  of  children  in  church  schools, 
that  every  voter  has  to  consider." 

That,  from,  a  non-Catholic  source, 
was  impressive.  All  of  the  authori- 
ties quoted  in  this  publicity  campaign 
were  non-Catholic.  The  letters  of  non- 
Catholics  opposing  the  amendment 
Avritten  to  newpapers  were  a  marked 
feature  of  the  campaign.  One  said : 
"I  shall  vote  against  the  amendment 
because  I  am  a  Protestant  who  was 
not  compelled  to  be  educated  in  a 
church  school,  and  I  value  this  relig- 
ious liberty  of  our  country  which  made 
the  public  schools  possible."  Another 
said:  "The  man  who  votes  for  the 
school  amendment  is  voting  away  his 
own  liberty,  as  he  is  voting  to  restrict 
other  parents  in  their  natural  rights, 
and  if  this  can  be  done,  his  own  nat- 
ural rights  are  no  longer  safe.  I  pre- 
fer the  public  schools  and  excercise 
my  preference ;  but  if  I  don 't  let  ray 
Lutheran  neighbor  exercise  his  pref- 
erence to  a  parish  school,  it  is  the 
end  of  parental  rights  for  both  of  us. ' ' 
Another  said :  '  *  It  was  the  conviction 
of  Robespierre  and  his  colleagues  of 
the  French  Reign  of  Terror,  that  re- 


ligion should  not  be  taught  to  children 
and  that  parents  who  had  their  child- 
ren instructed  in  the  Christian  faith 
should  be  punished,  that  children  as 
well  as  their  parents  belonged  to  the 
State.  Those  who  believe  with 
Robespierre  can  not  expect  to  have 
children  made  State  property  all  at 
once  in  America.  They  will  begin  by 
making  them  State  property  so  far  as 
their  primary  education  is  concerned. 
Those  of  us  who  prefer  Washington  to 
Robespierre  and  the  American  family 
to  the  nationalization  of  children,  will 
vote  against  the  amendment." 

Such  was  the  tone  of  a  great  flood  of 
letters  published  from  non-Catholics; 
they  all  stressed  parental  rights,  edu- 
cational freedom,  and  religious  liber- 
ty. Some  of  the  literature  was  pre- 
pared by  "The  Michigan  Association 
of  Private  and  Church  School  Com- 
mittees" (representing  Protestant  and 
non-denominational  schools),  some  by 
"The  Michigan  Educational  Commit- 
tee of  Detroit,"  some  by  "The  Dio- 
cesan School  Committee,"  represent- 
ing the  Catholic  schools.  Except  to 
the  letters  published,  no  personal 
names  were  signed.  It  was  good  team 
work.  They  bought  advertising  in 
every  paper  in  the  State,  in  the  daily 
papers  three  insertions  of  one-half 
page  each,  in  the  weekly  papers  two  in- 
sertions of  one  page  each.  For  a 
month  before  the  election,  the  daily 
press  of  Michigan  each  day  published 
some  characteristic  "story"  showing 
the  objections  from  an  educational, 
social,  and  American  standpoint,  to  the 
amendment. 

There  were  no  public  meetings  or 
demonstrations.  The  Catholics  as  such 
did  not  take  the  lead,  but  kept  in  the 
background  and  induced  non- 
Catholic  leaders  to  be  their  spokesmen 
in  publicity  matters.  This  was  a 
change  of  method  from  the  campaign 
conducted  in  1920,  when  there  were 
public  meetings  and  demonstrations 
by  Catholics,  who  generally  took  the 
lead  against  the  amendment  proposed 
that  year,  and  while  the  result  was 
successful  then,  the  majority  against 
the  amendment  was  far  greater  in  1924, 
although  the  proponents  of  the  amend- 


138 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


April  1 


nif'iit  the  last  time  had  a  much  larger 
and  better  orjiaiiization  and  more 
money  to  conduct  their  campaign. 

Some  of  us  have  wondered  just 
Avliy,  since  tlie  amendment  Avas  de- 
feated in  1920,  it  shouhl  have  been 
necessary  that  anotlier  campaign  in 
three  years  should  have  to  be  made  to 
decide  the  same  issue  once  more.  It  is 
(,[uite  possible  that  the  Catholics-in-tlic- 
lead-policy  adopted  in  1920  explains 
this  point.  It  is  more  than  likely 
that  the  school  question  in  Michigan 
having  in  this  last  campaign  been 
settled,  so  to  speak,  by  non-Catholics 
rather  than  Catholics,  it  is  per- 
manently settled. 

It  has  all  along  been  our  contention 
that  the  appeal  of  Catholics  for  fair 
consideration  on  a  pul)lic  (juestion 
should  not  be  made  with  a  view  to 
persuading  the  professional  bigots,  as 
they  are  a  small  minority  of  the  people, 
much  less  with  a  view  to  attacking 
them  and  thereby  creating  a  certain 
amount  of  sympathy  which  they  would 
not  otherwise  win.  but  soleh?^  for  the 
jnirpose  of  reaching  the  70  %  of  non- 
C'atholic  Americans  who  are  normally 
disposed  to  be  just  and  fair.  This,  it 
seems  from  the  tone  and  character  of 
their  literature,  was  the  method  adopt- 
ed in  the  Michigan  campaign  and  by 
this  token  not  only  Avas  the  campaign 
successful,  but  from  all  accounts  it 
will  not  have  to  be  fought  over  again 
in  this  generation. 

AVhile  this  is  true  as  to  the  question 
of  parochial  schools,  other  ({uestions 
may  arise  which  will  recjuire  another 
campaign  to  present  to  the  people  of 
Michigan  the  true  position  of  Catholics 
on  such  questions,  in  order  to  protect 
their  ]-eligious  liberty  to  the  fullest 
extent,  and  it  therefore  seems  to  the 
writer  rather  unfortunate  that  the 
organization  formed  in  that  State  for 
tile  protection  of  parochial  schools  does 
not  continue  to  function  so  as  to  be 
continually  educating  the  people  of 
all  creeds  to  a  better  understanding 
among  one  another  and  a  greater  es- 
teem for  one  another's  right  to  enter- 
tain their  own  religious  convictions. 

This  is  what  has  been  done  in 
Georgia.      In   the   Michigan    campaiun 


in  1920  the  Catholics  spent  approxi- 
mately $175,000.  In  the  campaign 
in  1924  their  expenses  were  around 
$100,000.  Thus  in  four  years  in  two 
campaigns  well  over  a  quarter  of  a 
million  dollars  have  been  expended  in 
educating  the  people  of  Michigan  on 
one  ]:)hase  of  the  rights  of  citizens  to 
freedom  of  religious  l)elief  and  wor- 
slii]x  In  Georgia,  Avithin  the  same 
lime,  the  Catholic  Laymen's  Associa- 
tion has  expended  around  $50,000  to 
create  a  spirit  of  good  Avill  among  all 
the  citizens  of  Georgia,  irrespective 
of  creed,  and  as  a  result  Catholics 
liave  not  been  confronted  with  any 
([uestion  threatening  discrimination 
against  their  religious  rights. 

While,  therefore,  one  must  enter- 
tain the  greatest  respect  for  the  meth- 
ods adopted  by  our  fellow  Catholics 
in  ^Michigan  in  meeting  the  situation 
that  confronted  them,  Avhile  it  lasted, 
it  seems  that  there  should  be  some  sy.s- 
tematic  etfort  to  hold  the  ground  thus 
gained  through  a  continual  process  of 
educating  the  public  as  to  what  Cath- 
olics believe  and,  above  all,  Avhat  they 
do  not  believe  on  ijublic  questions,  thus 
creating  good  Avill  among  all  citizens 
according  to  tlie  Christian  command- 
inent  that  we  shall  all  love  one  another. 


The  ('atholic  World  (No.  715,  ]). 
142)  calls  attention  to  the  F'rench 
Jesuit  Paul  Galtier's  treatise  "De 
Paenitentia  "■  (Paris:  Beauchesne, 
1928),  which  deals  more  fully  and 
adequately  tlian  any  other  work  with 
the  objections  brought  forward  against 
the  Sacrament  of  Penance  in  the  last 
twenty-five  years  from  the  stand])oint 
of  the  history  of  dogma.  "While 
omitting  none  of  the  regular  theses 
that  figure  in  every  theological  tract 
on  this  subject,"'  says  the  reviewer, 
"the  author  pays  special  attention  to 
the  ]>roblems  of  early  church  history 
discussed  in  the  treatises  of  Catholic 
scholars  like  Batiffol,  Vacandard, 
d'Ales,  Tixeront,  and  others."  "We 
have  read  P.  Galtier's  book  and  can 
heartily  endorse  our  contemporary's 
recommendation  of  it  as  the  best  dog- 
matic^o-hlstorical  monograph  on  the 
Sacrament  of  Penance  now  available 
to  Catholic  students. 


1925 


THE  rOETXIGHTLY  REVIEW 


139 


"The  Spirit  of  St,  Paul" 

By  P.  H.  Callahan  of  Louisville 


My  friend  Denis  A.  McCarthy,  of 
Boston,  who  was  once  a  Catholic 
editor  himself,  but  who  is  now  on  the 
editorial  staff  of  a  well-known  pub- 
lishing house,  not  long  ago  saw  an  edi- 
torial in  a  Catholic  publication  which 
seemed  to  him  to  be  written  in  a  taste 
and  temper  very  much  out  of  agree- 
ment with  real  Catholicity.  For  exam- 
ple, it  referred  to  certain  of  our  Prot- 
estant friends  whom  the  editor  sus- 
pected of  being  behind  the  Volstead 
Act  and  the  proposed  Child  Labor 
Amendment,  as  "Methodist  and!  Bap- 
tist morons." 

This  style  of  writing  seemed  so  un- 
like what  a  Catholic  editor  should  use 
that  Dr.  McCarthy  wrote  to  the  paper 
a  mild  word  of  protest  and  said  that 
controversial  writing  of  this  kind  was 
hardly  in  the  spirit  of  the  Patron  of 
tlie  Catholic  Press,  St.  Francis  de 
Sales.  Whereupon  the  editor,  instead 
of  feeling  rebuked  and  repentant,  came 
back  with  a  stiff  letter  defending  his 
editorial.  He  quoted  a  report  of,  the 
Bureau  of  Education  as  authority  for 
the  use  of  the  word  "morons,"  since 
so  much  of  the  ignorance  of  the 
country  is  to  be  found  in  the  South, 
and  declared  that  sometimes  it  was 
necessary  for  an  editor  to  forsake  the 
spirit  of  St.  Francis  de  Sales  and 
write  in  the  spirit  of  St.  Paul.  He  also 
said  that  he  was  replying  rather  hur- 
riedly, but  would  send  a  longer  and 
more  categorical  reply  later.  But  Dr. 
McCarthy  tells  me,  without  revealing 
the  name  of  the  editor,  that  he  has  not 
yet  replied  to  the  following  communi- 
cation which  the  Doctor  immediatel}- 
sent  him : — 

Dear  Father  : — ■ 

Far  be  it  from  a  mere  layman  like 
myself  to  take  issue  with  a  man 
of  your  training,  in  a  matter  con- 
cerning the  saints.  But  I  shall  have 
to  confess  that  your  appeal  (in  your 
note  defending  the  editorial  with 
which  I  found  fault)  froin  St. 
Francis  de  Sales  to  St.  Paul  does 


not  strike  me  as  being  especialh' 
happy. 

Was  it  not  St.  Paul  who  wrote  to 
the  Romans :  ' '  Bless  them  that  per- 
secute you;  bless  and  curse  not"? 
Was  is  not  he  who  admonished  them 
"not  to  be  overcome  by  evil  but  to 
overcome  evil  by  good ' '  ?  Was  it  not 
he  who  "was  all  things  to  all  men 
to  save  all"?  And  is  not  St.  Paul 
the  author  of  that  wonderful  chapter 
on  charity  in  the  First  Corinthians? 

Now  I  may  be  all  wrong,  but  I 
must  say  that  I  fail  to  find  any 
"Pauline  Privilege"  for  calling  my 
neighbors  by  an  insulting  name.  (I 
say  "neighbors,"  remembering  that 
in  my  penny  catechism  my  neigh- 
bors were  described  as  "all  man- 
kind,— even  those  who  injure  us  or 
differ  from  us  in  religion").  I  can 
find  in  St.  Paul,  or  in  an}'  other 
saint  for  that  matter,  no  justification 
for  calling  certain  people  "morons," 
— even  if  that  name  fitted  them. 

But.<loes  it  fit  them?  You  men* 
tion,  in  defence,  the  comparative  ig- 
norance of  the  Southern  States  as 
given  in  the  report  of  the  Education 
Bureau.  There  is  however  nothing 
in  your  editorial  to  indicate  that 
you  are  referring  solely  to  the 
"Methodist  and  Baptist  morons"  of 
the  Southern  States.  But  even  if 
you  had  made  that  clear,  is  it  fair 
to  call  illiterates  (which  is  what  is 
meant  by  the  Education  Bureau) 
"morons"?  If  so,  I  fear  we  shall 
have  to  call  by  that  name  a  good 
many  people  in  Catholic  countries 
also.  Some  of  the  best  Catholics 
I  have  ever  known  have  been  people 
ignorant  of  reading  and  writing. 
But  according  to  this  reasoning  they 
were  "morons." 

When  I  was  a  Catholic  editor, 
attacks  made  by  Protestant  writers 
on  Catholic  countries  because  of  the 
large  percentage  of  illiterates  there- 
in, were  always  countered  by  the 
argument  that  book  knowledge  was 
not   necessarily   either    Christianity 


140 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


April  1 


01*  morality.  But  perhaps  things 
have  changed  since  those  days. 

As  to  the  Child  Labor  Amend- 
ment. I  did  not  argue  as  to  its 
merits.  You  are  the  one  who  did 
that.  I  only  wished  to  point  out, 
which  I  did  very  effectively,  that 
there  were  and  are  those  in  favor  of 
it  who  could  not  be  classed  as 
Baptists  or  Methodists, — or 

"morons"  either.  Your  reply 
about  the  Bishops  being  in  favor 
of  it  is  not  ad  rem. 

I  hope  you  will  keep  your 
promise  to  write  at  greater  length 
in  justification  of  your  editorial.  I 
shall  be  interested  to  see  how  any- 
one can  justify  an  utterance  so 
sweeping  and  so  obviously  hasty  and 
ill-considered.  With  all  good  wish- 
es, I  am,  Yours  sincerely,  Denis  A. 
McCarthy. 

This  seemed  so  admirable  to  me  that 
I  thought  the  Fortnightly  Keview's 
readers  would  be  interested  in  it,  as 
also  in  the  following  opinions  Avhich  Dr. 
McCarthy  wrote  me  personally,  bearing 
on  this  whole  question,  and  which  I 
have  his  permission  to  make  public  : 
_  "  May  I  add  that  I  think  it  about 
time  for  Catholic  editors,  whether 
priests  or  laymen,  to  get  out  of  their 
heads  the  idea  that  they  are  doing  any 
good  whatever  to  the  cause  of  Catho- 
licity by  ill-tempered  and  abusive  ex- 
pressions of  opinion  such  as  this?  At- 
tacks of  this  kind  upon  non-Catholics 
are  only  so  much  lost  motion, — or 
worse.  Let  us  attack  their  errors  if 
so  we  may  (although  building  up  our 
own  Catholic  life  would  be  much  more 
to  the  point  in  most  cases),  but  let  us 
not  think  we  can  convince  them  of  the 
errors  of  their  ways  or  convert  them 
to  our  views  by  calling  them  bad 
names. 

We  hurt  our  own  people  also  when 
we  descend  to  such  methods  of  con- 
troversy, for  we  fill  the  readers  of  our 
press  with  an  un-Christian  contempt 
for  those  outside  the  fold,  most  of 
whom  are  in  good  faith,  I  have  no 
doubt,  being  only  the  victims  of  in- 
herited prejudice  and  life-long  envi- 
ronment. Indeed,  we  do  more  harm  to 
our    own    young    people    by    feeding 


them  Avith  this  sort  of  stuff  than  we 
do  to  the  heretics  we  are  attacking.  We 
give  them  the  idea  that  religious  dis- 
cussion consists  of  'slamming'  and 
'flaying'  and  'hammer-and-tongs'  as- 
saults upon  the  other  side  and  the 
other  people. 

And  when  one  considers  that  it  is 
often  not  a  religious  question  at  all 
which  excites  some  of  our  Catholic 
editors,  the  case  becomes  all  the  worse. 
For  instance,  what  is  there  in  the 
Volstead  Act  or  the  threatened  Child 
Labor  Amendment  that  makes  us  feel 
we  must  make  a  Catholic  issue  of  either 
of  them!  Why  do  some  of  us  speak 
and  write  as  if  we  felt  that  the  Cath- 
olic Church  in  America  must  rise  or 
fall  with  the  failure  or  the  success  of 
prohibition  or  the  proposed  twentieth 
amendment?  To  attack  them  on  a 
civic  basis  were  all  right,  but  to  tear 
a  passion  to  tatters  as  if  prohibition 
were  a  greater  enemy  than  the  Re- 
formation, or  the  proposed  Child 
Labor  amendment  were  a  substitute 
for  the  world,  the  flesh,  and  the  devil, 
is  sheer  folly. 

A  few  years  ago  some  of  these 
publications  were  fighting  woman  suf- 
frage tooth  and  nail, — also  as  an  al- 
leged danger  to  Catholicity.  I  have 
lived  to  see  the  day  when  Catholic 
women  who,  a  few  years  before,  were 
warned  against  claiming  the  vote  as 
being  unseemly  and  un-Catholic,  have 
been  urged  to  turn  out  and  register 
and  vote  without  fail — against  the 
Child  Labor  amendment !  In  other 
words,  the  weapon  which  was  sup- 
posed to  be  degrading  to  womanhood 
a  few  years  ago,  was  at  the  last  election 
suddenly  found  to  be  a  very  seemly 
and  a  yevy  proper  weapon  with  which 
to  knock  the  life  out  of  another  bogey. 
I  have  no  doubt  that  when  the  Child 
Labor  amendment  is  finally  added  to 
the  Constitution  of  the  United  States, 
as  it  undoubtedly  will  be,  the  good 
people  who  are  now  opposing  it,  and 
opposing  it  as  a  danger  to  Catholicity, 
will  find  that  it  is  in  reality  onl}^  an- 
other means  of  defense." 


Have  more  than  thou  showest,  say 
less  than  thou  knowest. 


3925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


141 


Child  Labor  Regulation  in  Wisconsin 

By  Horace  A.  Frommelt,  of  Milwaukee 


Those  who  have  been  fearful  lest 
some  terrible  calamity  befall  this 
country  if  the  proposed  20th  Amend- 
ment were  adopted  might  well  look  to 
Wisconsin  to  see  what  has  happened 
after  the  operation  of  some  of  the  most 
advanced  child  labor  legislation,  not 
only  in  this  country  but  throughout 
the  western  world.  It  is,  of  course, 
well  known  by  this  time  that  the  manu- 
facturers, through  hired  agents, 
spread  the  vicious  propaganda  that 
with  the  adoption  of  the  proposed 
amendment  no  juvenile  under  eighteen 
years  of  age  could  be  gainfully  em- 
ployed. In  the  first  place  the  pro- 
posed amendment,  as  any  other  amend- 
ment, is  not  a  law,  but  merely  gives 
Congress  the  power  to  legislate  accord- 
ing to  its  content.  The  proposed  child 
labor  amendment  would  give  Congress 
the  power  to  regulate  child  labor  of 
juveniles  up  to  the  eighteenth  year. 
This  is  far  different  from  saying  that 
it  would  abolish  such  labor  entirely. 
True  Congress  W'ould  have  that  power 
theoretically,  but  no  tradition,  to  say 
nothing  of  a  demand,  anywhere  exists 
for  such  legislative  regulation. 

The  State  of  Wisconsin  has  adopted 
perhaps  the  most  progressive  policy 
of  child  labor  regulation  in  existence. 
At  least  it  is  equal  to  that  of  Germany 
which  is  said  to  be  foremost  among  the 
European  countries  in  this  matter.  In 
Wisconsin  the  State  regulates  the  labor 
of  children  up  to  their  eighteenth  year. 
Every  child  must  attend  school  until 
its  fourteenth  year  or  until  it  has  com- 
pleted the  eighth  grade.  Between 
fourteen  and  sixteen  years  of  age  the 
child,  if  employed,  must  attend  a 
vocational  school  half-time.  Between 
sixteen  and  eighteen  years  of  age  the 
juvenile,  if  employed,  must  attend  vo- 
cational school  one  day  each  week.  The 
only  exception  to  this  last  regulation 
is  that  of  the  apprentice,  who  must 
attend  school  five  hours  per  week; — 
this  on  the  supposition  that  the  educa- 
tional nature  of  apprenticeship  work 
in  the  shop   or  place  of  employment 


justifies  this  differential  of  five  hours 
in  his  favor. 

Thus  the  State  of  Wisconsin  has  reg- 
ulated child  labor  within  the  same  lim- 
its as  that  proposed  in  the  20th 
Amendment.  It  is  true  that  Congress 
could  forbid  all  labor  up  to  the  eigh- 
teenth 3'ear,  but  anyone  not  pre- 
judiced and  knowing  the  situation  in 
a  State  like  Wisconsin,  for  example, 
can  realize  that  Congress  would  prob- 
ably do  no  more,  at  least  for  some 
years  to  come,  than  Wisconsin  has 
done.  A  decrease  in  the  number  of 
hours  of  employment  allowed  to  child- 
ren would  meet  very  serious  objections 
even  in  the  State  of  Wisconsin,  and 
from  those  who  are  most  concerned  in 
regulations  of  this  sort. 

In  spite  of  this  advanced  child  labor 
legislation  in  Wisconsin  there  are  pro- 
portionately more  children  at  work  in 
the  city  of  Milwaukee  than  probably 
in  any  other  city  in  the  United  States. 
A  recent  figure  gave  3519  juveniles 
between  the  ages  of  seventeen  and 
eighteen  at  work.  This  in  spite  of  the 
fact  that  these  boys  and  girls  must 
attend  school  one  day  per  week,  a  cir- 
cumstance w^hich  produces  no  little 
irritation  among  employers.  More- 
over, Wisconsin  has  the  only  State 
apprenticeship  law  and  State  appren- 
tice governing  body  under  the  direction 
of  its  so-called  Industrial  Commission, 
There  are  more  apprentices  at  work 
here  learning  trades  under  proper 
and  adequate  supervision,  proportion- 
ately, than  in  any  other  State  in  the 
Union,  The  minimum  apprentice  age 
is  sixteen  years,  and  the  State  retains 
close  supervision  over  their  working 
hours,  schedule  of  work,  and  rates  of 
pay. 

The  Wisconsin  situation  makes  the 
statement  of  a  neighboring  legislature 
appear  ridiculous  when  it  says  in 
rejecting  the  amendment,  that  "idle- 
ness, not  work,  is  the  ruination  of 
youth."  Wisconsin,  too,  believes  in 
tihis  very  obvious  and  age-old  policy, 
but  it  also  believes  in  the  labor  of  juve- 


142 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


April  1 


iiiles  being  properly  regulated,  safe- 
guarded and  supervised.  This  Avhole 
matter  of  child  labor  is  one  not  so 
much  of  prohibition,  as  of  regula- 
tion. No  one  even  in  his  wildest 
dreams  has  proposed  to  prohibit  the 
labor  of  children  absolutely  up  to 
their  eighteenth  year. 

Tlie  Wisconsin  child  labor  law  is 
intimately  bound  up  with  the  voca- 
tional school  which  has  been  erected  in 
every  city  and  village  of  more  than 
five  thousand  inhabitants  throughout 
the  State.  It  is  beside  the  point  to 
discuss  this  feature  of  the  Wisconsin 
]n-ogramme  except  to  say  that  even  in 
the  progressive  State  of  Wisconsin  the 
creation  of  school  facilities  and  a  defi- 
nite programme  of  trade  instruction 
went  hand  in  hand  Avitli  child  labor 
regulation.  Wisconsin  believes  in 
child  labor,  but  child  labor  properly 
regulated,   supervised,   and  controlled. 

It  would  be  wrong,  however,  to  ar- 
gue from  this  experience  that  child 
labor  regulation  should  be  made 
national  in  scope.  The  vision  of  all 
States  operating  under  a  uniform  law 
and  similar  conditions  is  an  enticing 
but  dangerous  one.  The  arguments 
which  the  ever  alert  Central  Verein 
brings  forth  against  thif^  form  of  na- 
tionalization seem  effective,  in  spite  of 
the  fact  that  no  less  an  authority  than 
the  Rev.  Dr.  John  A.  Ryan  appears 
on  the  other  side.  At  bottom  lies  the 
fundamental  issue  of  federalization  or 
State  control.  This  issue  clearly  di- 
vides the  two  schools  of  social  thought 
at  present  active  in  Catholic  circles  in 
this  country.  Our  Catholic  social  and 
economic  proponents  must  in  the  fut- 
ure take  sides  and  allign  themselves  ac- 
cordingly. Father  R^-an  heartily 
sponsored  the  Eighteenth  Amendment 
at  the  time  it  appealed  for  ratification. 
Who  will  now  say  that  he  was  right 
then?  The  same  reasons  and  argu- 
ments tell  heavily  against  his  present 
stand  for  a  federal  child  labor  amend- 
ment. 

It  would  seem  better  that  the  indi- 
vidual States  should  be  allowed  to 
enact  such  legislation  for  the  regula- 
tion of  their  child  labor  as  would 
seem  to  suit  their  circumstances  best. 


If  there  are  l)ackward  States,  then 
legislation  by  Congress  would  mean 
expensive  enforcement  machinery  and 
penal  institutions.  Only  the  general 
enlightenment  of  public  opinion  in 
such  States  could  fundamentally  rec- 
tify such  conditions.  On  the  other 
hand,  if  Congress  were  given  the 
power  to  interfere,  the  liberties  of  all 
citizens  would  be  correspondingly 
restrained.  The  argument  that  it 
is  unfair  to  a  State  like  Wis- 
consin to  be  surrounded  hy  States 
able  to  make  use  of  cheap  child 
labor  is  decidedly  weak.  The 
quality  of  juvenile  labor  that  the 
employer  has  to  deal  with  in  Wisconsin 
is  considerably  better  than  that  in 
States  where  no  child  labor  regulations 
exist.  The  Wisconsin  manufactuirer 
is  not  placed  at  a  disadvantage  in  the 
competitive  struggle.  Rather  he  is 
placed  at  an  advantage,  if  anything. 


At  the  suggestion  of  an  experienced 
missionary  and  retreat-master  we 
again  call  the  attention  of  the  reverend 
clergy,  and  especially  of  those  who  in- 
struct prospective  converts,  to  Fr. 
Ernest  R.  Hull's  splendid  book, 
"Man's  Great  Concern — the  Manage- 
ment of  Life."  The  afore-mentioned 
missionary  says  he  has  had  great  suc- 
cess in  his  work  with  this  simple,  yet 
at  the  same  time  thorough,  book.  Its 
catechetical  form  helps  to  impress 
facts  upon  the  mind  and  memory. 
Then,  too,  the  book  is  notable  because, 
as  Father  Hull  says,  "Our  treatment 
of  these  subjects  is  restricted  to  what 
is  ascertainable  by  the  unaided  light  of 
reason,"  though  Revelation,  of  course, 
tells  us  a  great  deal  more.  An  example 
of  the  fair  way  the  subject  is  treated  is 
found  in  Question  33:  "Will  the 
misery  of  the  wicked  ever  come  to  an 
end?  Ans.  There  are  solid  reasons 
for  believing  that  it  will  never  come  to 
an  end."  Perhaps  this  simple, 
straightforward  answer  will  make  as 
deep  an  impression  upon  many  an  ear- 
nest inquirer  as  a  statement  couched 
in  learned  theological  terms. 


1925 


THE  FOETXIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


143 


The     Protestant      Attitude      Toward 
Freemasonry 

A  revie\ver  of  W.  W.  Sweet's  book, 
''Circuit-Rider  Days  Along  the  Ohio"' 
(Metliodist  Book  Concern)  in  the  Cath- 
oh'^  Historical  Revieiv  (N.  S.,  Vol.  lY, 
No.  2,  p.  282),  throws  some  light  on 
the  attitude  of  the  early  Methodists 
toward  Freemasonry.  In  1816,  it  was 
resolved  by  the  representatives  of  this 
deiiomination  that  it  was  "inexpedient 
and  imprudent  for  a  traveling  preacher 
to  dishonor  himself  by  associating  with 
the  Free  Masons  in  their  lodges." 
Elders  were  instructed  to  warn  mem- 
bers against  joining  the  society.  The 
following  year,  the  opposition  was  more 
decidedly  proclaimed  because  many 
men  on  conversion  found  it  necessary* 
to  abandon  their  lodges  and  festivals, 
whereas  members  who  joined  evidenced 
decaying  piety  and  caused  schisms  and 
a  w^ant  of  brotherly  love,  and  further- 
more Masons  were  said  to  be  obviously 
deficient  in  religion  and  good  morals. 
Then  again  it  was  pointed  out  that 
Methodists  as  such  had  the  secret  of 
the  Lord  and  need  not  seek  felicity  in 
the  "Secrets  of  Masonry."  In  1821, 
the  Conference  admonished  from  the 
chair  an  elder  who  had  affiliated  with 
the  "Free  Masons  and  particularly  his 
manner  of  doing  it."  A  letter  (1841) 
by  James  Finley  condemning  a  minis- 
ter who  had  joined  the  Masons  indicates 
the  attitude  of  at  least  a  section  of  the 
denomination  at  a  comparatively  late 
period.  The    minister    is    charged 

in  stout  terms  with  bringing  disgrace 
upon  himself  and  injury  upon  the 
church.  He  is  asked  how,  after  he 
has  taken  part  in  "the  secret  abomina- 
tions of  a  lodge,"  he  can  condemn  and 
expel  the  brethren  for  participating 
in  the  much  less  wicked  balls,  theatres, 
and   horse-races.     He   is  admonished : 

Your  curiosity  might  have  been  grati- 
fied, if  you  had  taken  the  pains  to  read 
Morgan's  book,  Atlan's  Ritual,  John 
Quincy  Adams'  Letters  and  the  testi- 
mony of  250  Masons  who  all  announced 
it  as  rotten  and  dangerous  to  our  civil 
institutions,  but  I  find  the  secret  lies 
in  the  desire  of  Masonic  influence  and 
honor  that  comes  from  men  and  not 


from  God."  Though  slightly  illiterate, 
Finle.y  "s  letter  is  to  the  point  and  worth 
reproduction  in  full.  (Sweet,  pp.  48 
ft'.).  It  is  a  side-light  on  the  anti- 
Masonic  movement  of  the  time,  which 
may  be  traced  in  the  late  Charles 
McCarthy's  "Anti-Masonic  Party"  or 
in  McMaster's  "History  of  the  People 
of  the  United  States,"  Vol.  V,  pp.  109- 
120. 

To-day  many  Methodist  preachers 
are  Masons  with  the  at  least  tacit  ap- 
proval of  their  church.  Since  Free- 
masonry has  not  changed  its  character 
and  aims,  it  is  legitimate  to  infer  that 
Methodism  has. 

The  Baptists,  too,  it  may  be  noted, 
original^  took  a  decided  attitude 
against  Masonry.  In  1736  the  first 
Masonic  lodge  was  organized  in  Ameri- 
ca, and  fifty  years  later,  in  1786,  the 
Primitive  Baptist  Association,  con- 
vening in  Bertie  County,  N.  Carolina, 
declared  it  to  be  "disorderly  to  hold 
communion  with  a  church  member  who 
frequents  a  Masonic  Lodge."  This 
branch  of  the  Baptist  Church  has  main- 
tained its  position  down  to  the  present 
time,  not,  however,  without  conflict. 
The  reasons  therefor  are  set  forth  in 
a  55-page  pamphlet,  "Why  Primitive 
Baptists  Do  Not  Fellowship  Secret 
Orders,"  by  Elder  A.  V.  Simms,  P.  O. 
Box  601,  Atlanta,  Ga.  (Cfr.  the 
Christian  Cynosure,  Chicago,  111.,  Oct., 
1924,  Vol.  LVII,  No.  6,  pp.  164  f.) 


REMEMBERED 

By  J.  Corson  Miller 
If  slie  should  ever  come  back  to  me,  I  know 
I  would  be  all  consumed  with  tenderness 
In  greeting  her;  and  tears  would  trickle — 

yes- 
Down  my  old  cheeks,  because  I  need  her  so. 
And  I  would  stroke  her  hair,  and  then  we'd 

go 
Along  the  path  a  little — I  would  press 
Her  face  to  mine, — my  heart  would  break, 

I  guess, 
Watching  her  joy  and  girlish  wonder  grow. 
Yes,  I  would  speak  soft  Avords  unsaid  for 

years. 
Marking  the  while  her  dear  gown's  gentle 

cling — 
O,  with  what  winey  zest  the  prospect  cheers 
My  aching  brain  and  eyelids  fluttering! 
Alas,  Death  loved  her  too! — look,  evening 

clears!  .... 
'T  is  best  I  go  within  and  hide  my  tears. 


144 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


April  1 


Current  "Americanese" 

The  perpetratoi'sj  of  "spigot-bigot," 
' '  scoff-law, ' '  "  motor-moron, ' '  etc.,  have 
left,  iiifc/-  alia,  footprints  on  the  shift- 
ing sands  of  lexicology. 

The  Jersey  City  (N.  J.)  Safety 
Conncil, — says  the  Jersey  Ohseruer,  in 
its  issue  of  Jan.  23,  1925 — is  conduct 
iug  a  contest  in  an  endeavor  to  find  the 
most  appropriate  appellation  for  "the 
person  who  is  everywhere  and  always 
careless'.''  One  of  the  contestants  has 
offered  the  word  "nebatink,"  suggest- 
ed by  the  following  quasi-acrostic  of 
his  own  invention : 

It  is  a 

N — uisance 
how  these 

E— asy-going 

B — oneheads 

A — ggravate 
by  their 

T — houghtless 

I  — diotic 

N — auseating 

K — navery. 
The  contest  manager  announces  that 
he  is  being  "submerged  with  words," 
in  which  phenomenon  he  discerns  "a 
real,  live,  active  interest  in  safety." 
indications  of  this  interest  are  the 
terms  ' '  pin-head, "  "  marble-head, ' ' 
"wrong-head,"  and  "lack-brain," — 
some  so  slangily  boary  that  they  must 
seem  quite  new  to  a  rising  generation. 
Novel  enough,  however,  are  "dunce- 
irk,  "  "  safety-slacker, "  "  daze-walker, ' ' 
"super-dub,"  "needless-heedless,"  and 
' '  rash-footer. ' '  Another  contestant 
submits  "oaf,"  because  "0 — nly  A 
F — ool  will  deliberately  do  such 
things."  A  further  suggestion  is 
"idiot-pie,"  which  a  contestant  justifies 
by  explaining  that  "pie"  means 
"foot"  in  Old  French  and  in  Spanish, 
and  "idiot,"  "fool."  The  old  Gaelic 
word  "Omadhaun,"  says  the  journal 
quoted,  has  been  offered  by  two  con- 
testants, coincidentally,  in  the  same 
mail.  It  is  held  to  mean  "a  foolish 
person." 

The  Ohio  State  Journal  of  Jan.  31, 
1925,  speaks,  in  its  news  service,  of  un- 
successful liquor  raids  in  Williamson 
County,  111.,  as  "water-hauls." 


In  its  issue  of  Feb.  3,  the  same  news- 
paper mentions  the  "hit-skip"  motor- 
ist. The  meaning  of  the  qualification 
is  sufficiently  obvious  from  the  state- 
ment that  "the  automobile  of  So-and- 
So  was  'side-swiped'  by  another  ma- 
chine, which  did  not  stop  after  the  ac- 
cident. ' ' 

A  Columbus  (Ohio)  minister  of  the 
"Seventh-day  Adventist  Church"  uses 
the  term  "to  disfcllowship."  In  the 
course  of  certain  strictures  aimed  at 
the  "Reformed  Seventh-day  Ad- 
ventists, "  of  whom  he  maintains,  apro- 
pos, there  are  but  fifteen  or  twenty  in 
the  entire  State  of  Ohio,  he  says,  "they 
were  disfellowshipped  long  ago  from 
the  original  body  of  'Seventh-day  Ad- 
ventists'  because  of  incompatibility 
and  fanaticism."  {Ohio  State  Journal, 
Jan.  29,  1925.)  We  find  the  term  "to 
(iisf ellowship "  qualified  by  the  Stan- 
dard and  Century  dictionaries  with  the 
symbol  [U.  S.]  and  given  there  the 
specific  "canonical"  connotation  with 
which  it  is  used  in  the  current  example 
we  have  cited.  The  latest  edition  of 
Webster's  International  Dictionary 
does  not  thus  characterize  the  word. 
None  of  these  authorities  adduce  quo- 
tations. Reference  is  made  to  the  verb 
"fellowship,"  Avhich  is,  of  course,  in 
somewhat  better  standing.  Bartlett's 
"Dictionarv  of  Americanisms"  (edi- 
tion of  1860,  p.  122)  calls  "disfellow- 
ship"  a  "monstrous  word."  From  a 
"Mormon  Regulation,"  published  in 
the  Frontier  (la.)  Guardian,  Nov.  28, 
1849,  Bartlett  quotes:  "No  person 
that  has  been  disfellowshipped,  or  ex- 
communicated from  the  church,  will  be 
allowed  to  go  forth  in  the  dance 
that  is  conducted  by  the  sanction  and 
authorit}'  of  the  church."  Bartlett 
(p.  145) — in  1860,  of  course — dubs  the 
verb  "fellowship"  a  "barbarism  ap- 
pearing with  disgusting  frequency  in 
the  reports  of  ecclesiastical  conventions, 
etc.,  and  in  the  religious  newspapers 
generally. ' '  H. 

SPRING 

By   Charles   J.    Quirk,    S.    J. 
A  miracle  each  year  God  makes, 

When  He  bends  overhead, 
The  seal  of  Winter's  tomb  He  breaks — 

Earth  rises  from  the  dead! 


1925 


THE  FOKTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


145 


Crispi  and  the  Holy  See 

T.  Palamenghi  Crispi,  the  nephew  of 
Francesco  Crispi,  has  added  to  the 
volumes  of  Crispi  papers  previously 
brought  out  one  on  the  "Politica  In- 
terna" of  the  famous  Italian  states- 
man   (Milan:   Treves). 

The  second  part  of  the  book,  devoted 
to  Crispi 's  relations  with  the  Papacy, 
contains  some  very  interesting  material, 
and  does  much  to  explain  Crispi 's  anti- 
French  bias,  and  indeed  that  of  a  very 
large  body  of  Italian  public  opinion. 
Whereas  in  later  years  most  Italian 
political  men  of  the  Left  were  pro- 
French,  Crispi  could  not  forget  the 
unswerving  support  afforded  by  France 
— not  by  Louis  Napoleon  alone,  but  by 
the  bulk  of  the  French  nation — to  the 
papacy  in  its  last  struggles  for  the 
temporal  power.  Crispi  was  from  the 
first  determined  that  Rome  must  be 
the  capital  of  Italy, — by  agreement 
with  the  Pope  and  France  it  possible, 
if  not  in  spite  of  them.  In  this  he  was 
following  in  the  footsteps  of  Cavour. 

The  documents  printed  in  this  vol- 
ume show  beyond  doubt  that  the 
French  government  had  broken  the 
terms  of  the  September  Convention  of 
1864  by  forming  the  Antibes  legion 
with  French  recruits  still  liable  to 
military  service,  so  that  Italy  could 
legitimately  regard  herself  as  no  long- 
er bound  by  its  provisions.  But  once 
Rome  was  occupied  and  the  temporal 
power  abolished,  Crispi 's  policy  was  to 
secure  the  most  complete  freedom  for 
the  exercise  of  the  Pope's  spiritual 
authority.  He  was  Minister  of  the  In- 
terior under  Depretis,  in  1878,  when 
Pius  IX  died;  and  it  was  generally 
recognized  that  no  Conclave  had  been 
held  for  a  long  time  in  such  conditions 
of  freedom  as  that  w^hich  elected  Leo 
XIII.  Before  it  took  place  there  had 
been  a  strong  tendency  among  certain 
Cardinals — under  the  leadership,  ac- 
cording to  Signor  Palamenghi-Crispi, 
of  Cardinal  Manning — to  hold  the  Con- 
clave out  of  Italy,  preferably  in  Malta. 
But  Crispi  warned  the  members  of  the 
Sacred  College  that,  while  it  was  easy 
enough  to  leave  Rome,  it  would  be  very 
difficult  to  return,  and  that  the  govern- 
ment would  in  that  case  occupy  the 


Vatican.  Subsequently  Crispi  tried  to 
come  to  an  understanding  with  Leo, 
not  only  on  minor  administrative  mat- 
ters, but  also  on  the  general  question 
of  political  relations.  Father  Tosti, 
the  learned  Benedictine  historian, 
author  of  the  famous  pamphlet  "La 
Conciliazione,"  was  his  chief  inter- 
mediary. But  on  every  occasion,  just 
as  an  agreement  was  about  to  be  reach- 
ed, outside  influences  intervened  and 
Avrecked  the  negotiations;  finally  Tosti 
retired  to  Monte  Cassino  and  gave  up 
his  well  meant  efforts.  Crispi  was  al- 
ways convinced  that  these  hostile  in- 
fluences, ostensibly  due  to  the  Jesuits, 
were  of  French  origin,  and  the  papers 
now  printed  lend  support  to  this  view ; 
France  was  certainly  interested  in 
preventing  a  reconciliation  between 
Italy  and  the  Vatican,  and  did  her 
best  to  make  it  impossible. 


Lay  Participation  in  the  Mass 

Holy  Mass  is  a  sacrifice,  i.  e.,  a  gift 
or  an  offering  to  God.  It  is  a  sacrifice 
made  in  common,  i.  e.,  a  gift  offered  to 
God  by  the  whole  community,  by  the 
priest,  the  faithful,  and  Christ  Himself. 
The  priest  offers  the  sacrifice  in  the 
name  of  all  the  faithful  present;  yes, 
in  the  name  of  the  whole  Church. 

According  to  the  liturgy,  the  priest 
and  the  faithful  are  co-offerers  of  the 
sacrifice;  the  Church  as  such  is  jur- 
idically represented  by  the  priest. 

C/irisf  offers  the  sacrifice  as  the  Head 
of  the  community,  in  which  the  priest 
and  people  are  united  as  members  of 
one  body. 

In  the  Holy  Sacrifice,  as  such,  we 
must  consider  that  man  offers  to  God 
a  gift  of  homage.  By  virtue  of  the 
union  of  grace,  which  exists  between 
the  faithful  and  Christ,  our  sacrifice 
must  be  made  in  such  a  manner  that 
it  proceeds  from  us  and  issues  into  the 
very  Being  of  Christ.  We  offer  the 
sacrifice,  but  not  without  Christ ;  rather 
in  Christ.  Moreover,  Christ  offers  the 
sacrifice,  not  only  for  us,  but  with  us, 
in  a  union  like  that  which  exists  be- 
tween the  head  and  its  members. 

This  conception  is  of  the  greatest  im- 
portance for  understanding  the  Holy 


146 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


April  1 


Sacrifice  of  the  Mass.  The  action 
Avhieh  is  consummated  at  the  altar  is, 
properly  speaking,  not  only  an  act  of 
Christ  and  Plis  representative,  the 
priest ;  it  should  also  be  an  act  in 
-which  all  the  faithful  who  are  present 
should  participate ;  all  should  be  active ; 
all  should  pray  according  to,  and  in 
the  manner  prescribed  by,  the  liturgy. 
All  should  join  in  the  sacrifice  and 
should  offer  the  sacrificial  gift  to  God 
as  an  act  of  praise  and  thanksgiving, 
of  preparation  and  petition.  Each 
should  offer  it  in  lieu  of  his  person,  his 
life  and  his  labors,  of  his  powers,  naj' 
his  very  existence.  Christ  the  Lord  is 
awaiting  all  as  their  Redeemer  and 
Mediator,  as  the  great  High  Priest  and 
Head  of  the  faithful.  All  should 
unite  themselves  with  Him,  and,  thus 
united,  pay  their  homage  to  the  Hea- 
venly Father. 

From  this  is  self-evident  what  is  to 
be  thought  of  a  custom  common  among 
us,  when  each  individual  recites  his 
own  prayers  during  the  Holy  Sacrifice 
of  the  Mass,  or  hymns  are  sung,  which, 
indeed,  would  be  very  appropriate  for 
some  other  devotion,  but  which  have 
no  bearing  upon  the  Mass;  or  one  is 
zealously  occupied  with  private  prep- 
aration for  Holy  Communion,  unmind- 
ful of  the  progress  of  the  Mass ;  or  con- 
cerned about  one's  self  and  one's  own 
soul  instead  of  rendering  homage  to 
God  in  union  with  the  faithful,  the 
Church  and  Christ. 

Unfortunately,  we  are  so  accustomed 
to  this  method  of  procedure  that  we 
find  nothing  extraordinary  about  it. 
Yet,  would  it  not  startle  us  if  the 
Church  were  to  invite  us  to  a  May 
devotion  at  which  the  priest  would 
privatelj^  recite  certain  prayers  to  the 
I31essed  Mother,  while  some  of  the  faith- 
ful would  be  engaged  in  making  the 
Way  of  the  Cross,  others,  in  performing 
a  private  devotion  to  the  Poor  Souls, 
others,  again,  in  reciting  confraternity 
prayers  to  St.  Francis,  and  still  others, 
in  reciting  private  intercessory  pray- 
ers to  God  and  His  Saints. 

There  is  a  time  for  everything.  If, 
therefore,  the  Church  invites  us  to 
assist  at  the  Holy  Sacrifice  of  the  Mass, 
then,    according    to   the    oft    repeated 


Avords  of  Pope  Pius  X,  we  should  have 
the  desire  and  will  to  "  'pt'ay  the 
Mass/  not  only  to  pray  in  or  during 
the  Mass."  (See  Rev.  J.  Kramp.S.  J., 
"Die  Opferanschauungen  der  romi- 
schen  Messliturgie, "  Kosel  &  Pustet, 
2nd  ed.,  1924).  K. 


Notes  and  Gleanings 

Father  J.  P.  Stoesser,  of  Chicago, 
has  compiled,  and  J.  P.  Daleiden  Co., 
of  the  same  city,  have  ])ul)lished,  a 
chart  showing  the  different  seasons  of 
the  "Liturgical  Year,"  their  incidence 
and  meaning.  The  chart  is  executed 
in  colors  and  designed  for  school  use. 
It  is  the  best  means  yet  devised  to  im- 
press upon  the  minds  and  memories 
of  children  the  arrangement  and  mean- 
ing of  the  ecclesiastical  year. 

The  official  organ  of  the  Pontifical 
Oriental  Institute  at  Rome,  Orieyntalia 
Christiana,  prints  the  following  sym- 
pathetic note  in  its  Vol.  Ill,  No.  2 : 
"AVe  have  just  learned  of  the  forcible 
ejection  from  Constantinople  of 
Constantine  VI,  Patriarch  of  the 
Greeks.  We  condole  with  our  brothers 
in  their  sorrow  and  we  beseech  Christ 
and  His  Blessed  Mother  to  restore  free- 
dom and  unity  in  the  faith  to  Eastern 
Christendom."  "While  others  revile 
the  schismatics,"  comments  the  Liver- 
pool Catholic  Times,  "our  Holy 
Fatiher,  like  his  sainted  predecessor, 
through  the  Pontifical  Oriental  Insti- 
tute (so  highly  commended  in  the 
Christmas  consistorial  allocution) 
teaches  us  to  pray  for  those  whom  with 
paternal  solicitude  he  terms  'dissident 
Christians  of  the  East.'  " 


The  nature  of  venial  sin,  as  defined 
by  the  Scholastics,  has  been  made  the 
subject  of  a  monograph  by  the  Rev. 
Arthur  Landgraf  ("Das  Wesen  der 
lasslichen  Siinde  in  der  Scholastik;" 
Bamberg:  Gorres-Verlag).  The  author 
shows  from  printed  and  still  inedited 
sources  that  the  scientific  definition  of 
venial  sin  was  prepared  by  the  earlier 
Scholastics  and  completed  by  Saint 
Thomas,  who  regards  venial  sin  not  as 
a  turning  away  from  man's  last  end. 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


147 


but  merely  as  the  failure  to  dirert  an 
action  towards  that  end.  Venial  sin 
is  a  disorder,  but  it  does  not  destroy 
the  creatures 's  connection  with  the 
Creator. 


Among'  recent  new  pamphlets  issued 
bv  the  Paulist  Press,  New  York,  are 
"The  Virgin  Birth''  by  Fr.  Bertrand 
C.  Conway,  "The  Pearl  of  Great  Price, 
or  the  Religious  Life,"  by  M.  D. 
Forrest,  and  "Did  Christ  Rise 
Again?"  The  latter  is  merely  a  brief 
statement  of  the  proofs  for  the  Resur- 
rection of  Christ  adapted  from  the 
"Apologie"  of  the  late  Dr.  Schanz. 
The  pamphlet  by  (Sister?)  M.  D. 
Forrest  explains  the  nature  of  the  re- 
ligious life,  its  advantages,  and  its 
trials,  with  the  avowed  object  of  foster- 
ing- vocations.  Fr.  Conway's  46-page 
brochure  is  a  scholarly  treatise  on  the 
dogma  of  the  Virgin  Birth  of  our  Di- 
vine Saviour.  The  author  emphasizes 
that  Jesus  is  the  Son  of  God  not  be- 
cause he  is  born  of  a  virgin,  nor  does 
His  pre-existence  necessitate  a  virgin 
birth,  but  the  dogma  of  His  birth  of 
the  Virgin  Mary  is  based  on  the  clear 
and  explicit  teaching  of  both  the  Old 
and  the  New  Testaments  and  on  the 
constant  tradition  of  a  divine  and  in- 
fallible Church. 


A  Protestant  Encyclopedia  in  twelve 
volumes  of  about  1,000,000  words  each 
is  in  process  of  compilation.  There 
exists  a  Catholic  Encyclopedia  and  a 
Jewish  Encyclopedia,  but  the  Protes- 
tants have  none  as  yet. 


The  Catholic  Club  of  the  City  of 
New  York,  through  its  Library  Com- 
mittee, has  published  a  brochure  en- 
titled, "The  Testimony  of  History  for 
the  Catholic  Church,"  in  which  it 
proves,  very  succinctly  and,  it  seems 
to  us,  convincingly,  that  the  papal  su- 
premacy w^as  recognized  and  never  de- 
nied by  Western  and  Central  Europe 
until  the  beginning  of  the  16th  cen- 
tury; that  the  break  of  the  Eastern 
Churches  with  Catholic  unity  was  not 
owing  to  religious  causes  and  involved 
no  doctrinal  belief;  that  the  great  un- 
derlying cause  was  political ;  that  the 


Protestant  doctrine  of  the  free  inter- 
]n*etation  of  Scripture  has  left  no  cri- 
terion of  religious  truth,  and  that, 
as  a  consequence,  the  Protestant  world 
is  now  divided  into  hundreds  of  sects, 
whereas  the  Catholic  Church  has  re- 
mained as  intact  and  as  virile  as  ever 
spiritually;  it  is  the  one  institution 
that  has  survived  the  ages  and  "the 
papacy  is  the  great  visible  fact  of  the 
world  to-dav." 


The  Oxford  I^niversity  Press  pub- 
lishes the  "Novum  Testamentum  S. 
Irenaei"  in  the  Old  Latin  Biblical 
Text  series,  edited,  Avith  introductions, 
apparatus,  notes  and  appendices,  by 
the  late  Dr.  William  Sanday  and  Pro- 
fessor C.  Hamilton  Turner,  with  the 
assistance  of  many  other  scholars.  The 
inclusion  of  this  volume  in  the  series 
was  accepted  by  the  delegates  of  the 
Oxford  I'niversity  Press  as  long  ago 
as  December,  1889,  and  the  earliest  in- 
stallment of  printed  matter  was  sent  out 
in  "first  proof"  in  September,  1898. 
"I  doubt,"  writes  Professor  Turner  in 
his  preface,  "if  any  other  press  in  the 
world  would  have  been  so  tolerant  of 
a  delay  that  has  now  extended  over 
nearlv  thirtv  vears. " 


k 


The  literature  on  the  seal  of  con- 
fession has  lately  been  enriched  by 
"Le  Secret  de  la  Confession"  by  the 
Abbe  Honorol  (Beyaert).  The  author 
traces  the  history  of  the  seal  from 
the  17th  provincial  council  of  Car- 
thage (419)  to  the  latest  utterances  of 
twentieth-century  theologians.  We 
have  not  yet  seen  his  book,  but  the 
Catholic  World  (No.  715,  p.  141) 
recommends  it  highly  to  all  theological 
students  and  says :  "It  is  fair,  object- 
ive, scholarly,  and  it  answers  briefly 
but  effectively  the  false  accusations  of 
superficial  controversialists  like  Lea." 
A  learned  German  work  on  the  same 
subject  is  "Das  Beichtsiegel  in  seiner 
geschichtlichen  Entwicklung"  bv  the 
Rev.  B.  Kurtscheid,  0.  F.  M.  (Herder), 
which  was  reviewed  in  the  F.  R.  short- 
ly after  its  publication,  in  1912.  In 
English  we  have  nothing  worth  while 
on  the  important  subject  of  the  seal 
and  its  history. 


148 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


April  1 


Correspondence 

The    Paulist    Broadcasting    Station 

To  the  Editor:  — 

In  the  F.  E.  of  March  1st,  Mr.  Fueglein,  in 
an  article  "Eadio  and  Eeligion"  states  that 
the  Paulist  Fathers  propose  to  install  a  100 
\vatt  broadcasting  station  in  New  York  City. 
Will  you  be  kind  enough  to  correct  the  impres- 
sion given  your  readers,  since  we  are  install- 
ing not  a  ioo  watt  station,  nor  a  500  watt 
station,  but  a  5000  watt  station?  And  we 
hope,  about  the  first  of  July,  to  be  "on  the 
air"  with  a  broadcasting  station  that  is  as 
powerful  and  as  perfect  as  any  in  the  United 
States.  James  F.  Cronin,  C.  S.  P. 


The   "Possible"    in  Scholastic    Philosophy 

To  the  Editor:  — 

The  F.  E.  of  March  1,  1925  (page  111) 
prints  a  review  of  "The  Philosopuy  of  St. 
Thomas  Aquinas, ' '  by  Etienne  Gibson,  trans- 
lated by   Edward  Bullough. 

The  reviewer  admits  that  the  book  is  * '  com- 
petently written, ' '  but  continues :  * '  There  is 
a  curious  slip  on  page  97,  where  it  is  stated 
tliat  the  possible  is  something  that  possesses 
already  a  certain  degree  of  existence. ' ' 

Now  the  slip  is  the  reviewer 's.  The  possible 
indeed  possesses  a  certain  degree  of  existence 
and  by  this  is  distinguished  from  the  * '  nihil. ' ' 
This  is  the  teaching  of  the  School.  To  quote 
but  one  author :  ' '  Possibile  autem  dictur,  cui 
non  repugnat  esse,  seu  quod  est  aptuni  ad 
existendum.  Habet  ergo  aliquod  esse 
reale-ideale,  et  conceptum  positivum,  qua 
ratione  distinguitur  a  nihilo,  quod  positive 
concipi  nequit. "  (Ilugon,  O.  P.,  Metaphy- 
sica,  II,  37.) 
Chicago,  111.  (Eev.)   Dr.  A.  Muller. 


A  Monument  to  St.  Francis  of  Assisi 

To  the  Editor:— 

On  the  occasion  of  the  seventh  centenary  of 
the  death  of  St.  Francis  a  monument  is  to  be 
erected  on  tlie  piazza  fronting  the  Basilica  of 
St.  Mary  of  the  Angels  (Portiuncula),  at 
Assisi.  The  monument  has  been  designed  so 
as  to  make  a  portico  its  chief  feature.  Thus 
the  piazza  will  at  last  receive  a  becoming  ap- 
pearance and  a  number  of  crying  abuses  will 
be  done  away  Avitli.  Hitherto  its  condition 
has  been  an  eyesore  to  every  visitor  of  the 
chief  sanctuary  of  the  Franciscan  Order; — 
fairs,  markets,  public  games,  etc.,  are  held 
there  to  the  great  disedification  of  devout  pil- 
grims and  to  the  scandal  of  visiting  non- 
Catholics.  Even  the  sacred  functions  inside 
the  Basciliea  are  interfered  with  by  the  dis- 
turbances created  by  the  worldly  activities 
going  on  outside  its  very  portals.     Until  now 


the  friars  have  been  powerless  to  put  a  stop 
to  this  disgraceful  state  of  affairs,  but  on  this 
occasion  both  the  Municipality  of  Assisi  and 
the  Eegional  Office  at  Perugia  for  the  Con- 
servation of  Monuments  have  promised  th.'ir 
generous  assistance  by  giving  us  a  free  hand. 
For  the  collection  of  the  necessary  funds  a 
committee  has  been  formed,  of  which  the 
humble  signer,  for  years  Guardian  of  this 
Sacred  Shrine,  has  been  chosen  president. 
Encouraged  by  the  worthiness  of  our  inten- 
tions, I  venture  to  issue  this  appeal  to  all 
lovers  of  the  Little  Poor  Man  of  Assisi,  espec- 
ially to  his  children  of  the  Third  Order.  The 
cost  of  the  undertaking  is  estimated  at  about 
100,000  Lire,  i.  e.,  about  5000  Dollars.  The 
estimate  speaks  for  itself;  no  sumptuous  or 
pretentious  affair  is  planned,  but  a  worthy 
and    dignified    commemoration    of    the    great 


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1925 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


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oeutenary  we  are  about  to  celebrate  in  1926. 
To  our  poor,  tax-burdened  Italian  people 
100,000  Lire  is  a  great  sum;  but  when  you 
reflect  that  the  present  rate  of  exchange  is 
23  Lire  to  the  Dollar,  you  will  readily  see  that 
even  the  smallest  contribution  from  the  United 
States, — always  so  generous  in  aiding  every 
worthy  cause, — will  prove  a  substantial  help. 

Fr.  Bernard  del  Sole,  O.  F.  M. 
CoUegio  di  S.  Bonaventura, 
Brozzl-Quaracehi,  Italy. 


Pornography  on   the  Screen  and  the  N.   C. 
W.    C.    News    Service 

To  the  Editor:— 

You  may  recall  that  some  years  ago  the 
Catholic  Press  had  occasion  to  denounce  in  the 
most  scathing  terms  the  production  of 
"Salome"  and  kindred  abominations.  The 
leopard  cannot  change  his  spots.  That  same 
producer  has  now  laid  his  hands  upon  one 
of  the  world's  greatest  masterpieces, 
' '  Dante 's  Inferno. ' ' 

I  must  confess,  therefore,  to  some  surprise 
at  the  endorsement  by  the  "N.  C.  W.  0."  of 
that  picture.  Despite  a  word  or  two  of  quali- 
fication, the  notice  was,  if  not  in  intent,  cer- 
tainly in  effect,  a  capital  advertisement:  such 
a  one  as  to  make  readers  want  to  see 
"Dante's  Inferno"  at  the  first  opportunity. 

I  respectfully  ask  space  for  this  extract 
from  an  editorial  note  in  the  Catholic  World 
on  the  ' '  Movie  "  of   "  Dante 's  Inferno : ' ' 

"Even  the  most  sacred  subjects  are  made 
the  occasion  for  a  subtle  appeal  to  passion. 
One  conspicuous  example  of  this  contemptible 
trick  is  in  a  moving  picture  of  'Dante's  In- 
ferno.' Ostensibly  the  producer  aims  to  pre- 
sent a  picture  that  will  be  a  help  to  art,  if 
not  to  religion.  But,  if  one  may  judge  hy 
the  advertisements  in  the  newspapers,  the  pic- 
ture is  really  pornographic.  '  Daring,  Dazzling, 
Sensational,'  says  the  'ad.'  Corking  good 
picture — hell  is  supplied  with  a  lavishness  of 
ladies,  fascinating  though  damned.  'Might 
have  been  made  with  the  tired  business  man 
in  view.'  -  *  *  Catering  to  libidinous 
curiosity  is  not  enough  for  those  managers. 
They  make  hypocritical  pretense  of  encourag- 
ing religion.  They  give  away  their  prime 
motive  in  their  brazen  advertisements." 

It  will  not  do  to  say  that  the  Catholic 
World  presents  a  one-sided  impression.  A 
question  of  fact,  not  of  opinion,  is  raised  and 
the  producer  of  "Dante's  Inferno"  estab- 
lishes himself  the  fact  of  what  the  appeal  of 
the  picture  is  meant  to  be. 

Granted  that,  in  the  choice  of  what  is  evil 
in  literature,  in  the  drama,  and  in  moving 
pictures  people  must  exercise  their  own  free 
will; — granted  that,  to  denounce  publicly 
what  is  vicious  often  serves  to  advertise  it; — 
yet  is  it  not  to  be  deplored? — cannot  it  be 
avoided? — that  from  Catholic  sources  of  au- 
thority should  come  inducement  to  patronize 


150 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


April  1 


^^'hat  is  not  only  of  doubtful  propriety,  but  of 
undoubted  impropriety  ? 

Alfred  Young 
Brnoklvn.  X.  Y. 


The    Emmerick    Visions 

To  the  Editor:  — 

Under  this  heading  the  first  March  number 
of  the  F.  E.  printed  a  letter  from  the  Et.  Eev. 
-Msgr.  Eiehen.  Permit  me  to  say  a  few  words 
t'onceming  some  of  those  of  its  statements 
which  seem  to  call  for  a  reply. 

Msgr.  Eiclien  mentions  the  work  of  Father 
Hiimijfner,  ' '  Clemens  Brentano  's  Glaub- 
wiirdigkeit  in  seinen  Emmerick- Aufzeichnun- 
gen. ' '  This  author  he  says  ' '  goes  so  far  as  to 
impute  them  (the  Visions)  almost  entirely 
to  the  man  who  wrote  them — Clemens 
Brentano.''  F.  Hiimpfner  does  so  indeed,  but 
not  without  giving  proof  for  all  his  affirma- 
tions, e.  g.,  when  he  maintains  that  Brentano 's 
' '  vocation ' '  to  write  the  Visions  was  entirely 
self-made.  Those  who  wish  to  know  more  about 
tliis  remarkable  book  are  referred  to  the 
Cath.  Hist.  Review,  April,  1924.  To  call  at- 
tention to  one  point,  the  parallelism  between 
long  passages  of  the  Visions  on  the  one  side, 
and  sections  of  the  Apoerj^hal  Gospels,  of 
('fibbalistic,  pagan  and  Mohammedan  writ 
ings  on  the  other,  is  so  striking  as  to  make 
it  impossible  to  suppose  that  they  should  have 
originated  independently  in  the  mind  of  a 
poor  uneducated  country  woman.  I  do  not 
mean  to  say  that  every  item  adduced  by  F. 
Hiimpfner  has  the  full  argumentative  value 
he  seems  to  attribute  to  it ;  but  the  book  as  a 
whole  certainly  leads  the  reader  to  the  con- 
clusion which  the  author  liimself  draAvs  from 
tlie  facts  he  marshals, — notwithstanding  Msgr. 
Richen's  review  of  the  ))ook  in  tlie  Linger 
Qiiartalschrift. 

Msgr.  Eiehen  does  not  put  the  role  played 
by  Brentano  into  a  better  light  by  leaving 
open  the  possibility  that  the  Visions  are  in 
part  the  outcome  of  five  j'ears  of  an  "inter- 
change of  ideas. ' '  This  can  only  mean  that 
Brentano  first  talked  his  ideas  into  Ann 
Catherine  and  then  was  childish  enough  to  re- 
ceive them  back  from  her  as  genuine  revela- 
tions. It  would  only  be  a  round-about  way  of 
authorship. 

Nor  is  Msgr.  Eiehen  's  ' '  either — or ' '  at  the 
end  of  the  article  a  happy  one.  He  says : 
"The  revelations  as  recorded  by  Brentano  are 
either  inventions  of  a  pious  soul  suffering 
from  self-deception,  or  the  output  of  a  poet. ' ' 
If  by  ' '  a  poet ' '  the  Et.  Eev.  author  under- 
stands someone  who  from  his  own  brain 
draws  a  series  of  worthless  stories,  we  would 
modestly  state  that,  in  our  opinion,  the 
Visions  contain  many  passages  of  high  poeti- 
cal merit.  But  if  he  thinks  that  the  Visions 
are  deserving  of  being  considered  the  "out- 
put "  of  a  genuine  poet,  we  stand  before  the 
veiry   embarrassing    question,    how    a    peasant 


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Numerous  Sisters  are  needed  in  our 
foreign  fields.  For  details  in  regard  to 
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Ghost,  write  to  Sister  Provincial.  Holy 
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1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


151 


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woman  with  not  even  a  decent  elementary 
schooling,  after  decades  spent  in  the  most  or- 
dinars"^  occupations,  with  no  books  to  draw 
from,  a  person  almost  constantly  in  a  state 
of  intense  physical  suffering,  could  invent- 
such  a  compilation.  The  conclusion  reached 
by  Fr.  Hiinipfner,  that  Brentano  himself  is 
answerable  for  the  bulk  of  the  Visions  in  their 
actual  state,  is  the  simplest  solution,  and  it 
would  at  the  same  time  relieve  Ann  Catherine 
of  all  responsibility.  It  has  happened  be- 
fore that  objectionable  visions  were  ruled 
out  of  a  process  of  beatification,  although  the 
person  to  be  beatified  was  undoubtedly  the 
author.  (See  Poulain,  "The  Graces  of,  In- 
terior Prayer,"  page  335.)  How  much  more 
easily  can  this  be  done,  if  the  authorship  is 
sho\^Ti  to  be  non-existent,  or,  to  say  the  very 
least,  doubtful  in  the  extreme. 

Francis  S.  Betten,  S.  J. 
•John  Carroll  University, 
Cleveland,   O. 


Excerpts    from     Letters 

For  about  30  years  I  have  read  every  issue 
of  the  F.  E.  with  ever  increasing  interest. — 
(Bev.)   M.  Weyer,  Mihcauhec,  Wis. 

I  am  enclosing  a  check  to  renew  my  sub- 
sc-ription.  The  F.  E.  is  very  dear  to  me. 
Xuff  said!  —  (Eev.)  John  J.  Neppel,  Mallard, 
la. 

I  wish  to  be  included  in  the  long  list  of 
those  who  rejoice  that  the  F.  E.  will  continue 
its  good  Avork.  Xo  fair-minded  Catholic,  who 
wishes  to  "hear  the  other  side,"  can  do 
without  your  publication.  May  it  ever  groAv 
and  flourish  is  my  vcishl— Joseph  H.  Fromme, 
Conductor  Oleun  Symphony  Orchestra,  Olean, 
N.   Y. 

I  herewith  send  you  the  names  of  two  more 
new  subscribers.  This  makes  four  in  all  for 
this  year.  If  they  like  the  F.  E.  as  Avell  as  I 
do,  they  will  stick.  I  have  been  a  subscriber 
to  the  F.  E.  for  thirty  years  and  observed  it 
was  all  this  time  a  fearless  defender  of  Catho- 
lic principles.  May  God  bless  its  future  and 
reward  its  editor"  with  life  everlasing!  — 
(Rev.)    J.  A.  Gerlemann,  Granville,  la. 

Were  I  to  pay  for  the  real  pleasure  I  de- 
rive from  the  reading  of  your  Eeview,  the 
amount  Avould  be  many  times  the  increased 
price  of  subscription.  I  hope  that  you  will 
get  all  the  support  that  you  need  m  your  fine 
^vork. —  {Bev.)   John  Canova,  Monaca,  Pa. 

Enclosed  please  find  my  subscription  to 
your  splendid  Eeview,  Avhich  is  Avorth  much 
more  than  its  modest  price. —  {Eev.)  Joseph 
Pothmann,  0.  M.  I.,  Sogers,  Minn. 

Three  dollars  a  year  is  a  small  price  for 
such  a  great  Promoter  Fidei,  alias  Advocatus 
Diaboli,  as  the  F.  E.— (Eev.)  A.  J.  Kelly, 
Pvichfield  Swings,  N.  ¥. 


152 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


April  1 


BOOK  REVIEWS 


Pruemmer's    Moral    Theology 

We  have  received  two  volumes  (I  and  III) 
of  the  new  second  and  third  edition  of  Fr.  D. 
M.  Priimmer's,  O.  P.,  "Maniiale  Th^ologiae 
Moralis, "  which  is  professedly  based  on  the 
teaching  of  St.  Thomas  Aquinas  and  of  which 
the  Dominican  censor  justly  says  that  it  con- 
tains nothing  against  faith  or  morals,  but 
much  sound  and  solid  doctrine  proposed  in  a 
clear   style. 

The  text  is  preceded  by  an  alphabetical 
catalogue  of  all  the  leading  moralists,  giving 
biographical  data  and  the  titles  of  their  prin- 
cipal works. 

The  author  excels  in  the  historical  knowl- 
edge of  his  subject,  and,  before  giving  his 
judgment  on  any  disputed  point,  examines  ex- 
haustively and  fairlv  all  that  his  predecessors 
and  even  his  contemporaries  have  written. 

The  manual  is  equally  well  adapted  to  the 
needs  of  theological  students  and  of  priests 
engaged  in  the  cure  of  souls.  The  style  is 
simple  and  clear  and  the  print  agreeable  to 
the  eye. 

The  author  occupies  a  peculiar  position  in 
regard  to  the  systems  of  moral  teaching.  He 
is  not  a  probabilist,  nor  an  equiprobabilist, 
nor  a  probabiliorist,  but  an  advocate  of  the 
so-called  systema  compensatioiiis  seu  causae 
sufficientis,  invented  some  decades  ago  in 
France,  which  he  chooses  to  call  systema 
prudentiae  christumae.  Practically  this 
theoretical  attitude  is  of  no  importance,  since 
Fr.  Priimmer  freely  admits  the  right  of  every 
moralist  to  embrace  any  system  tolerated  by 
the  Church,  and  carefully  quotes  the  opinions 
of  the  different  authors  and  compares  them 
one  with  another. 

The  work  can  be  recommended  to  students 
of  moral  theology,  though  we  think  some 
will  wish  that  the  author  would  stick  more 
closely  to  his  own  science  and  rigorously  ex- 
clude all  canonical  and  other  more  or  less 
extraneous  matter. 


Literary  Briefs 

—No.  18  of  Father  George  Nell's  "Parish 
luf ormation  Service ' '  shows  how  parishes  can 
co-operate  to  mutual  benefit  with  the  Home 
Bureau  movement  (cfr.  Preuss,  "A  Diet,  of 
Secret  and  Other  Societies,"  pp.  512  sq.). 
It  is  a  subject  that  seems  to  affect  only 
Illinois  at  present,  but  it  is  probable  that  the 
Home  Bureau  movement  will  spread  into  other 
States,  and  in  that  case  Fr.  Nell's  observa- 
tions and  suggestions  will  be  of  wider  interest. 
(Y.  M.  S.  State  Office,  Effingham,  111.) 

— Marietti  of  Turin,  Italy,  has  published 
a  fourth  edition  of  the  ' '  Mystica  Theologia 
Divi  Thomae"  of  Fr.  Thomas  a  Vallgornera, 
O.  P.  Fr.  Vallgornera,  an  ascetical  writer  of 
the   17th  century    (b.   about  1595,   d.   1665), 


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Burch  and  Paterson.  American  Social  Prob- 
lems. An  Introduction  to  the  Study  of 
Society.  N.  Y.,  1918.  $1. 

Husselein,  Jos.  (S.  J.).  Democratic  Indus 
try.  A  Practical  Study  in  Social  Historv 
N.   Y.,   1919.   $1. 

Husslein,  Jos.  (S.  J.).  Work,  Wealth,  and 
Wages.     Chicago,  1921.   75  cents. 

Ude,    Joh.    Ethik.    Leitfaden    der   natiirlich- 
verniinftigen  Sittenlehre.     Freihura-  i    B 
1912    ,*i.  ■' 

Tyrrell,  Chas.  A.,  M.  L).  Tlie  Roval  Road  to 
Health,    2(J5th   ed.    X.    Y.,    1920.    $1. 

F.  S.  Catholic  Chaplins  in  the  World  War 
N   .Y.,   1924.   $1.50. 

Mary  Elizabeth  Townley,  in  JReligion  Sister 
Marie  des  Salutes  Anges.  A  Memoir  with 
a  Preface  by  the  Bp.  of  Southwark.  Lon- 
don,  1924.   $2. 

Farrugia,  N.  De  Matrimonio  et  Causis 
Matrimonialibus  Tractatus  Canonico- 
Moralis  iuxta  Codicem,  Turin,  1924 
$1.   (Wrapper). 

Latini,  Jos.  luris  Criminalis  Philosophic!  I 
Summa  Lineamenta.  Turin,  1924,  50  I 
cts.      (Wrapper).  \ 

Herwegen,  lid.  Der  Weg  der  Kirche  im  hi.  j 
Jahr  1925.     Ratisbon,  1925.  50  cts.  ! 

Rosenberg,  H.  Die  Hymnen  des  Breviers  in  i 
Urf  orm  und  neuen  deutscheu  Nachdich-  ! 
tunp-en.  Zweite  (Schluss)  Abteilung.  ' 
Freiburg  i.  B.,  1924.  80  cts. 

The    ' '  Practice ' '     of    Mother    Clare    Fey, 
Foundress  of  the  Congr.  of  the  Poor  Child  ' 
Jesus.     A  Guide  to  a   More   Close  Union  | 
with  God.     London,  1925.  $1.  j 

Pastor,  L  von.  Die  Fresken  der  Sixtinischen  } 
Kapelle.  Raffael's  Fresken  in  den  Stanzen  j 
u.  Loggien  des  Vatikans.  Mit  5  Tafeln.  | 
Freiburg  i.  B.,  1925.  $1. 

Muckermann,  H.  (S.  J.)  Die  Botschaft  voni 
Gottesreich.      Mit    eineni    Titelbild.    Frei-  i 
burg  i.   B.,  1925.   50   cents. 

Ude,  J.  Das  Wirtschaftsideal  des  Volks- 
und  Staatshaushaltes.  Graz  &  Wien, 
1924.    $1.    (Wrapper). 

Gabriel,  Hy.  A.  (S.  J.).  An  Eight  Days' 
Retreat.  3rd  Ed.,  rewritten  and  en- 
larged.     St.   Louis,   1925.      $1.50. 

Spiritual  Guide  for  Religious.  By  the 
Brothers  of  the  Sacred  Heart,  Metuchen, 
N.  J.     1925.     $1. 

Pohle-Preuss,  Soteriology.  4th  ed.  St. 
Louis,   1923.     $1. 

THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 

5851    Etzel    Ave.  St.    Louu,   Mo. 


1925 


THE  FOKTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


153 


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"The  Mass  Intention  Calendar,  ar- 
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"The  Ecclesiastical  Appointment 
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A  Catholic  newspaper  of  superior 
merit,  which  appeals  to  readers  outside 
of  its  o\vii  local  environment.  It  con- 
tains a  great  deal  of  information  which 
will  not  be  found  in  any  other  paper. 

Father  F.  Eombouts,  of  New  Orleans, 
says  in  the  Dec.  15,  1924,  issue  of  the 
Fortnightly  Beview:  "First  the  F.  E., 
second  The  Echo — and  all  the  rest  is 
simply  filling. ' ' 


SEND  FOR  A  SAMPLE   COPY 


THE  ECHO 

564  Dodge  St.         Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


was  renowned  for  his  learning  and  piety. 
His  *  *  Mystica  Theologia  Divi  Thomae ' '  was 
first  published  in  Barcelona,  in  1662 ;  a  new 
and  augmented  edition  appeared  in  1665.  The 
work  having  become  difficult  to  obtain,  Fr. 
J.  J.  Berthier,  O,  P,,  brought  out  a  new 
edition  at  Turin,  in  1890.  The  present 
(fourth)  edition  is  reprinted  from  the  plates. 
The  doctrine  of  the  book  is  that  of  St. 
Thomas,  founded  on  Scholastic  theology,  and 
therefore  safe  and  sound,  though,  ctuite  nat- 
urally, somewhat  antiquated  in  spots.  (2 
vols.   8vo). 

• — ' '  Der  Traktat  des  Aegidius  Eomanus 
iJber  die  Einzigkeit  der  substantiellen  Form, 
dargestellt  und  gewiirdigt  von  Fr.  P.  theol. 
L.  .1.  S.  Makaay,  0.  E.  A.  S."  (St.  Eita- 
Druckerei,  Wiirzburg,  Germany),  is  a  valu- 
able contribution  to  the  history  of  Scholastic 
philosophy.  Aegidius  Eomanus,  an  Augus- 
tiuian,  was  one  of  the  two  followers  of  St. 
Thomas  who  defended  his  teaching  that  every 
body  has  but  one  substantial  form  against 
the  attacks  which  inspired  the  condemnation 
of  certain  propositions  attributed  to  the 
Angelic  Doctor  by  Eichard  Kilwardby,  pri- 
mate of  England,  and  Stephen  Tempier, 
bishop  of  Paris.  Aegidius 's  "Liber  contra 
Gradus  et  Pluralitatem  Formarum,"  was 
composed  in  1277  and  is  the  oldest  polemical 
treatise  written  in  defense  of  St.  Thomas. 
The  author  endeavors  to  show  that  the  teach- 
ing of  the  Angelic  Doctor  on  the  ' '  unicitas ' ' 
of  the  .substantial  form,  which  he  sets  forth 
in  detail,  is  not  refuted,  but  confirmed,  by 
the  arguments  of  its  opponents.  Copies  of 
this  book  can  be  purchased  in  America  from 
the  Eev.  Fr.  Eucharius  Teves,  a  German 
Augustinian  who  is  temporarily  sojourning 
with  his  reverend  brother  at  Petersburg,  Neb. 

— Dom  Eoger  Hudleston,  O.  S.  B.,  has 
re-edited  the  late  Abbot  Snow's  "St.  Gregory 
the  Great :  His  Work  and  His  Spirit ' ' 
(Benziger  Bros.).  This  is  not  a  biography 
in  the  ordinary  sense  of  the  term,  but  a 
collection  of  materials  from  St.  Gregory's 
letters,  showing  his  characteristics,  methods 
of  thought,  feelings,  and  bent  of  mind,  and 
thus  enabling  the  reader  to  form  his  own 
estimate  of  the  character  and  work  of  the 
great  Pontiff.  The  introductory  chapter,  in- 
tended to  show  the  difficulties  of  St.  Gregory 's 
life  and  the  unhappy  state  of  Italy  in  the 
sixth  century,  has  been  somewhat  curtailed 
in  this  new  edition.  Those  who  wish  to  read 
a  full  biography  of  St.  Gregory  the  Great 
are  referred  to  Dr.  F.  Homes  Dudden's 
"Gregory  the  Great;  His  Place  in  History  and 
Thought,"  London,  1905. 

— A  previous  volume  by  Fr.  Joseph  J. 
WUliams,  S.  J.,  "Keeping  the  Gate,"  con- 
sidered the  soul  in  its  struggle  with  sin,  with 
a  view  to  help  the  fallen  to  rise  again  and 
to  assist  one  and  all  to  withstand  temptations. 
"Yearning  for  God,"  by  the  same  author, 
considers  the  soul  as  purged  from  guilt,  striv- 
ing to  advance  in.  the  love  of  God  and  thus 


15i 


TlIK    FOirrXI(4HTLV  J?P]VIEW 


April  1 


Do  You  Contemplate 

a  New  Church  or  School? 

Our  Architectural  Department  is  especially  qualified  to  serve  you.  Mr.  Louis 
Preuss  is  in  charge  of  this  department.  He  is  of  mature  years.  His  knowledge  of 
architecture  rests  not  alone  on  his  practical  training  and  European  studies,  but 
also  on  many  years  of  experience  in  prominent  architectural  offices  and  in  the 
practice  of  architecture  under  his  own  name.  His  early  training,  the  knowledge 
gained  in  his  studies  abroad,  and  his  wide  experience  unquestionably  place  Mr. 
Preuss  in  the  foremost  rank  of  American  architectural  designers,  especially  for 
religious   art. 

Widmer  Engineers  render  such  cooperation  as  is  necessary  to  the  Architectural 
Department,  and  Widmer  field  forces  are  at  your  disposal  if  you  desire  them.  Thus, 
one  master  organization  may  handle  your  entire  project. 

Our  method  of  operating  not  only  tends  tow^ards  efficiency  through  quick 
completion  of  your  building,  but  also  eliminates  pyramiding  of  architects*,  engi- 
neers', sub-contractors*  and  general  contractors*  fees.  It  centralizes  the  re- 
sponsibility. It  effects  substantial  savings.  The  cost  of  your  building  can  be  guaran- 
teed before  you  start. 

An  interview  involves  no  obligation.      Write  or  telephone  us. 

WIDMER  ENGINEERING  CO. 

Architects  —  Engineers 
LACLEDE  GAS  BLDG.  ST.  LOUIS,  MO. 


to  approach  to  the  perfection  of  its  state. 
It  marks  out  clearly  and  deftly  the  way  to 
the  higher  life,  which  consists  in  a  closer  and 
more  intimate  union  with  God.  As  in  ' '  Keep 
the  Gate, ' '  here  also  the  author  makes  use 
of  many  stories  and  anecdotes,  from  S.  Scriji- 
ture  as  well  as  from  history,  ecclesiastical  and 
profane,  which  ojien  up  rich  veins  of  thought. 
Altogether  a  very  readable  and  stimulating 
book  which  can  be  warmly  recommended  to 
those  who  are  trying,  as  all  of  us  should,  to 
advance  in  the  love  of  God.  (Benziger 
Brothers). 

—The  thesis  of  ISlr.  Sylvester  .1. 
McNamara's  booklet,  "American  Democracy 
and  Catholic  Doctrine"  (Brooklyn,  !N".  Y. : 
International  Catholic  Truth  Society),  is  that 
Catholicism  is  the  mother  of  American  demo- 
cracy; that  she  nursed  it  during  the  early 
Middle  Ages  and  brought  it  to  political  and 
industrial  manhood;  protected  it  against  tlio 
assaults  of  the  Protestant  Reformers;  caused 
it  to  regain  its  former  power  and  prestige 
in  the  17th  and  18th  centuries,  and  inspired 
the  Declaration  of  Independence  and  tlie  Bib 
of  Rights.  A  sober  historical  treatise  would 
be  more  effective  than  an  ex  parte  plea,  but 
the  author  has  collected  much  valuable  infor- 
mation from  a  variety  of  sources,  and  one 
who  has  read  his  144  pages  will,  if  he  is 
fair-miaded,  hardly  be  disposed  to  uphold 
the  proposition   that   democracy   and  modern 


civil  liberty  are  fruits  of  the  Protestant  Re- 
formation. We  regret  to  observe  that  the 
proofreading  has  been  rather  carelessly  done. 

— ' '  Catherine, ' '  by  Sophie  ^Nlaude,  is  a 
historical  novel  which  tells  the  story  of  an 
English  lad  who  found  his  way  to  Avignon 
at  the  time  when  St.  Catherine  of  Siena  was 
delivering  her  message  to  the  Pope.  Edward, 
looking  more  like  an  Angel  than  an  Angle,  re- 
ceived the  name  of  Angiolo  and  became  one 
of  Catherine's  scribes.  His  history,  as  here 
told,  is  enriched  with  many  beautiful  ex- 
cerpts from  the  Saint's  words  and  works. 
The  author  handles  the  rather  stiff  conven- 
tions of  historical  romance  better  than  some 
other  Avriters  who  have  won  fame  and  fortune 
in  this  difficult  field.     (Benziger  Bros.) 

— "The  Preachers  of  the  Passion"  by  Fr. 
Herbert,  C.  P.,  (Benziger  Bros.)  tells  the 
story  of  the  Passionist  Order  from  its  founda- 
tion by  St.  Paul  of  the  Cross  to  the  present 
day,  with  special  reference  to  its  fortunes 
in  England  and  Ireland.  (The  history  of  the 
Order  in  the  IT.  S.  has  been  treated  with 
considerable  detail  by  Fr.  Felix  Ward  in  his 
book  "The  Passionists,"  reviewed  not  long- 
ago  in  the  F.  R.)  Fr.  Herbert's  book  is 
illustrated  with  pictures  of  the  principal 
Passionist  "retreats"  in  England  and  Ire- 
land, saints  and  other  remarkable  men  of 
the  Order,  and  its  Generals  from  the  be- 
ginning. 


1925 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  EEA'IEW 


155 


New  Books  Received 

Neues  Lehen.  Ethisch -religiose  Darlegungeii 
von  Hermann  Muckermann.  Zweites  Buch : 
Die  Botschaft  vom  Gottesreicli.  iv  &  92 
pp.  12mo.     Herder,     65  cts, 

De  FAcmentis  Liturgiae  Christianae.  Auctore 
Stanislao  Steplian.  88  pp.  8vo.  Eatisbon : 
Fr.  Pustet. 

Die  0 pferanscliauungen  der  romisclien  Mess- 
Liturgie.  Liturgie  unci  dognieugescMcht- 
li(_-lie  Untersuehung  von  Joseph  Kramp,  8. 
J.  Zweite,  vollig  neubearbeitete  Auliage.  310 
pp.  12mo.  Eatisbon:  Verlag  Joseph  Kosel 
.<:  Fr.  Pustet  K.-G. 

1/itwrgisclics  Kandlexilcon.  Von  Jose])h 
Braun  S.  J.  Zweite,  verbesserte,  sehr 
vermehrte  Autiage.  viii,  &  399  p^j.  12mo. 
Joseph  Kosel  &  Fr.  Pustet  K.-G. 

I>cr  Weg  der  Kirclie  im  lieiligen  Jalir  1925. 
Herausgegeben  von  der  Abtei  Maria  Laaeh. 
]49  pp.  ]6nio.  Joseph  Kosel  &  Fr.  Pustet 
K.-G. 

Die  MosterlicJie  Tugesordnung.  Anleituug  fiir 
Ordensbriider  und  Ordenssclnvestern,  die 
tagliehen  F^ebungen  ilircs  hi.  Standes  ini 
rechten  Geiste  zu  verrichten.  .  .  IMit  einer 
Auswahl  von  Gebeten.  Von  P.  Ludger 
Leonard,  Benediktiner  der  Beuroner  Kon- 
gregation.  Seehste  vermehrte  und  verbes- 
serte  Auflage.  viii  &  586  pp.  Ifimn.  .Tosepli 
Kosel  &   Fr.   Pustet   K.-G. 


Lehrljueli,  der  gescliiclitlichen  Metliode.  Von 
Alfred  Feder  S.  J.  Dritte,  umgearbeitete 
und  verbesserte  Auflage.  xvi  &  372  pp.  Svo. 
Joseph  Kosel  &  Fr.  Pustet  K.-G. 

Die  Herz-Jes'U-Terelirung  des  deutsolien  Mit- 
ielaJters.  Xach  gedruckten  und  ungedruck- 
teu  Quellen  dargestellt  von  Karl  Eichstatter 
S.  J.  Mit  18  Tafelu  altdeutseher  Herz-Jesu- 
Bilder.  Zweite,  umgearbeitete  und  ver- 
mehrte Auflage.  410  pp.  Svo.  Joseph  Kosel 
Fr.  Pustet  K.-G. 

Kiitechetilc.  Von  Michael  Gatterer  S.  J. 
Professor  an  der  Universitat  Innsbruck. 
Dritte,  umgearbeitete  Auflage.  vii  &  656  pp. 
Svo.  Innsbruck:  Felizian  Eauch.  (Fr. 
Pustet  Co.,  Inc). 

Kiiiderseelsorge.  Von  Michael  Gatterer  S.  J. 
viii  &  222  pp.  Svo.  Innsbruck:  Eel.  Eaueh. 
(Fr.  Pustet  Co.,  Inc.) 

CdlhoJic  Customs  and  Symljols.  Varied  Forms 
;ind  Figures  of  Catholic  Usage,  Ceremony, 
and  Practice  Briefly  Explained  bv  Et.  Eev. 
Alsgr.  Hugh  T.  Hen'ry.  xvii  &  322' pp.  12mo. 
Beuziger  Bros.  $1.90  net. 

Diis  Wirtschaftsideal  des  Volks  und  Staats- 
Iiiiusludtes.  ]Mit  Anhang:  Der  osterreichische 
Volks-  und  Staatshaushalt.  Eine  Mono- 
graphic des  Volks-  und  Staatshaushalts 
vom  nationalokonomisch-ethisclien  Stand- 
punkt  a  us  auf  der  Grundlagc  der  christlichen 
Lebensreforu)  von  Dr.  Johanu  ITJe.  xxiii  ik 
530  pp.  8  vo.  Graz:  VerlagsJmchhandlung 
"Stvria." 


Prie  Dieu  -  St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  Pittsburgh 
Prindeville  &  Egan,  Architects 


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PHILADELPHIA 


156 


TFIE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


April 


A  SPRINKLE  OF  SPICE 


A  Nebraska  pastor  sends  us  the  following; 
(Hiiitribution  to  the  '  *  Spice ' '  column :  "A 
Fvlansman  meets  an  old-time  Catholic  friend, 
to  -whom  the  former's  conversion  to  Kluxisui 
becomes  evident  in  the  course  of  their  chat. 
When  the  Catholic  expresses  astonisluuent 
over  his  friend's  affiliation  with  the  Klan, 
the  latter  replies:  'Well,  Jim,  we  are  not  op- 
posed to  Irish  Catholics,  or  to  |  German, 
French  or  English  Catholics,  and  the  likes  of 
them,  but  only  to  the  d —  Roman  Catholics!  ' 
The  man  meant  what  he  said,  and  his  re- 
mark illustrates  the  mentality  of  many  Klux- 
ers in  these  parts. ' ' 


Much  Scottish  humor  that  is  peculiarly 
cliaracteristic  circles  round  the  minister  and 
the  beadle  or  sexton.  A  minister  one  Sunday 
was  reproving  his  congregation  for  sleeping 
in  church  during  the  sermon.  He  said : 
"Look  at  Jamie  Fleeman,  the  parish  fool; 
he 's  wide  awake.  "  "  Ay,  and  if  I  hadna  been 
a  fool,  I  would  hae  been  sleepin'  too,"  re- 
sponded Jamie,  loud  enough  for  everyone  to 
hear. 


Some  of  the  stories  about  the  Irish  Bar 
told  by  the  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  John  Ross,  last  Lord 
Chancellor  of  Ireland,  in  his  recently  publish 
ed  book,  ' '  The  Years  of  My  Pilgrimage ' ' 
(London:  Edward  Arnold),  bring  a  smile  to 
the  lips.  A  judge  delivered  a  strong  charge 
against  a  batch  of  prisoners,  and  w'hen  the 
foreman  of  the  jury  announced  that  they  were 
all  agreed  except  one  man,  His  Lordshi]) 
broke  forth:  "All  I  have  to  say  is,  that  that 
juror  is  a  disgrace  to  his  country,  violating 
the  solemn  oath  he  has  taken;" — upon  which 
a  small,  bald-headed  man  sprang  up  and 
shrilly  vociferated:  "I'm  the  man,  and  I'm 
the  only  man  houldin'  out  fer  yer  Lordship, 
the  rest  are  all  for  an  acquittal." 


Cardinal  Manning,  on  one  occasion,  when  a 
waiter  spilled  a  plate  of  soup  over  him, 
plaintively  observed:  "Is  there  no  layman 
present  who  can  do  justice  to  the  occasion?" 


Minister — "Do  you  have  family  prayers  at 
your  house  every  morning?" 

Little  Boy — "Naw!  Only  at  night;  we  aiti  "t 
afraid  in  the  day  time." 


Many  a  man  who  complains  that  his  wife 
cannot  take  a  joke,  forgets  that  she  took  him. 


FOR  SALE:  A  splendid  little  church  organ; 
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A  NEW  AND  TIMELY  BOOK 

FIVE  MINUTE  SERMONS 

Shojt  Talks   on 
Life's  Problems 

By 
REV.  J.  ELLIOT  ROSS.  C.  S.  P. 


Cloth,   8vo.,  X  &   314  pages 
Net  $1.75 


(•(•"rpiVE  MINUTE  SERMONS"  were 
-*-  made  famous  years  ago  by  the 
early  Paulists.  The  present  volume 
by  one  of  the  younger  generation  of 
Paulists  lives  up  fully  to  the  tradition. 
It  contains  one  hundred  short  and  pointed 
talks.  They  are  on  a  great  variety  of 
topics,  some  old,  some  new,  but  all  treat- 
ed with  refreshing  modernness. 

Fr.  Ross  has  a  strong,  vigorous  style,  and 
every  talk  contains  something  worth 
while.  You  cannot  open  the  book  at  ran- 
dom without  finding  an  arresting  thought. 
It  is  not  preachy  and  verbose  but  straight 
hitting  right   from  the   shoulder. 

The  talks  in  this  book  were  originally  de- 
livered to  layfolks,  and  it  forms  an  ideal 
Lenten  or  Easter  gift  today.  For  while 
only  a  few  of  the  sermons  are  specifically 
on  Lent,  they  are  fresh  spiritual  talks 
suitable  for  Lenten  reading. 

But  it  is  also  a  book  for  priests.  It  is  a 
model  of  short  talks  for  Low  Masses. 
And  a  feature  which  will  appeal  to  priests 
is  the  arrangement  for  Sundays  through- 
out the  year  as  well  as  by  topic,  and  the 
full  index. 

B.  Herder  Book  Co. 

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VOL.  XXXII,   NO.    S 


ST.   LOUIS,   MISSOUEI 


April    loth,    1925 


CHRONICLE  AND  COMMENT 


A    Contemporary    Case    of    Diabolic 
Possession 

"Une  Possedee  Contemporaine,"  b;- 
Canon  Champault  (Paris:  Tequi),  is 
one  of  the  most  remarkable  biographical 
records  published  for  many  years.  It 
tells  the  story  of  Helene  Poirier,  of 
('ouUons,  a  small  town  in  the  diocese 
of  Orleans,  France,  who  died  in  1914 
at  the  age  of  eighty.  From  early 
womanhood  until  the  last  few  years  of 
her  life,  she  was  alternately  an  ecstatic 
and  a  demoniac,  enjo^'ing  often  the 
highest  supernatural  favors  from  God, 
yet  subject  constantly  to  terrible  at- 
tacks from  Satan.  The  first  attack 
lasted  for  thirteen  months,  being  ter- 
minated b}'  an  exorcism ;  the  second  she 
endured  for  five  3'ears,  and  the  exorcism 
having  failed,  she  was  at  length  set  free 
while  bathing  in  the  waters  of  Lourdes. 
It  is  impossible  to  enumerate  the  phe- 
nomena described  in  this  narrative, 
but  they  are  such  as  to  merit  the  at- 
tention of  all  who  are  interested  in 
matters  of  this  kind,  and  should  be 
studied  especially  by  those  who  are 
infected  with  the  modern  heresy  that 
denies  the  existence  of  a  personal  devil. 
The  story  seems  to  have  every  reason- 
able guarantee  of  truth,  being  almost 
wholh^  a  transcript  from  the  diaries 
of  three  priests  Avho,  simultaneously  or 
successivel}^  had  tielene  under  daily 
observation  for  the  greater  part  of  her 
life,  and  two  of  whom — the  author  him- 
self being  one — were  for  many  years 
her  spiritual  directors. 

The  Place  of  the  Mother 

Mr.  Wheatly,  Minister  of  Health  in 
England,  says :  ' '  There  can  be  nothing 
of  a  more  evil  character  creep  into  our 
national  politics  than  the  idea  that  any 
public  organization  could  possibly  take 
the  place  of  the  mother  in  a  civilized 


community."  These  words  also  apply 
to  our  country,  in  which  are  found  so 
many  fads  inspired  by  a  tendency  to 
retire  the  mother  and  turn  her  children 
over  to  some  organization.  The  Social- 
ists say  that  the  children  belong  to  the 
State,  as  they  did  in  ancient  Sparta. 
Is  that  God's  plan i  Who  is  right — 
God  or  the  Socialists? — or  those  child- 
less women  avIio  know  nothing  about 
the  rearing  of  children  except  what 
thej-  have  read  in  books?  The  family 
is  a  divinely  founded  institution,  and 
any  nation  which  has  no  respect  for 
the  sanctity  of  the  family  is  drifting 
towards  the  rocks.  Our  country  is 
clearly  headed  in  that  direction.  If  the 
mother  loses  her  place,  the  family's 
centre  of  unity  is  gone.  The  State  may 
md  should  see  to  it  that  married  women 
are  left  at  home,  where  they  can  fulfill 
the  duties  of  their  state  of  life,  of  which 
the  principal  one  is  to  bear  and  rear 
children.  Above  all  should  provision 
be  made  that  mothers  need  not  work  in 
factories,  stores,  or  offices,  to  the  neglect 
of  their  domestic  duties. 

The  Communion  of  Saints 

The  history  of  Catholic  thought 
shows  that  every  century  has  its  own 
tendency,  taste,  and  preference,  that 
it  selects  from  the  Catholic  religion 
such  aspect  or  notion  as  appeals  to  it 
best,  and  labors  it  to  the  utmost.  The 
seventeenth  century,  so  preoccupied 
with  individual  salvation,  was  capti- 
vated by  the  moral  aspect  of  Chris- 
tianity and  rang  all  the  changes  on 
the  two  notions  of  original  sin  and 
salvation.  The  eighteenth  century, 
with  its  passion  for  beauty,  singled 
out  the  artistic  aspect  of  Christianity, 
and  mainly  emphasized  the  esthetic 
value  and  intellectual  harmony  of  Cath- 
olic   doctrine.      The    present    century, 


160 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


April  15 


Avith  its  infatuation  for  human  soli- 
darity and  brotherhood,  has  turned  to 
tlie  social  aspect  of  Christianity  and 
found  a  response  in  the  doctrine  of  the 
Communion  of  Saints,  with  its  comple- 
ment of  monastic  orders  and  indul- 
gences. The  Communion  of  Saints 
unites  men  among  themselves,  and  with 
the  dead  and  the  saints,  by  the  common 
bond  of  prayer  and  merits.  It  is,  as 
the  Catholic  Herald  of  India  (N.  S., 
Vol.  XXII,  No.  43)  observes,  "a  sort 
of  supernatural  collectivism  that  pools 
the  spiritual  wealth  of  mankind,  and 
enables  the  workman  of  the  eleventh 
hour  to  draw  on  the  reserves  of  the 
first  comers." 

The  Strange  Case  of  George  Marasco 

In  1920  attention  was  called  to  "a 
cure  at  the  shrine  of  Our  Lady  of  Hal'' 
in  Belgium.  A  30-year  old  girl,  who 
had  been  paralysed  for  a  year  and 
blind  for  two  months,  was  brought  in 
a  stretcher  to  the  shrine  and  claimed 
to  be  entirel}'  cured.  The  supposed 
miracidee  later  became  known  as  the 
recipient  of  extraordinary  spiritual 
favors,  including  the  stigmata.  Unfor- 
tunately, she  was  arrested  a  few  months 
ago  on  a  charge  of  obtaining  money 
under  false  pretences,  and  has  since 
been  transferred  to  an  asylum. 

Fr.  Thurston  unravels  her  strange 
story  in  the  Month.  She  was  born  in 
1890  at  Brussels,  of  a  Czechoslovak 
father  and  a  Belgian  mother.  Her 
real  name  is  Bertha  Mrazek.  Her 
parents  turned  her  out  in  her  early 
teens  to  earn  money  in  the  streets.  She 
at  one  time  had  an  engagement  to  sing 
at  the  ' '  ( 'hat  Xoir ' '  and  at  the  ' '  Miner- 
va" in  Paris.  Georges  formally  admit- 
ted that  a  little  girl  who  lived  with  her, 
is  her  daughter. 

It  is,  of  course,  possible  that  a  sinner 
who  has  led  an  irregular  life  may  be 
converted  and  afterwards  admitted  to 
participate  in  supernatural  charismata. 
But  Georges  Marasco's  conduct,  since 
the  alleged  miracle  of  Hal,  has  been 
viewed  with  disfavor  by  ecclesiastical 
authority.  Her  persistence  in  wearing 
male  attire,  her  alleged  mission  and 
prophecies,  and  the  clientele  which  she 
gathered  around  her  and  from  whom 


she  collected  considerable  sums  of 
money,  have  very  rightly  aroused  dis- 
trust in  the  minds  of  the  clergy.  Fr. 
Thurston  finds  in  this  case  a  confirma- 
tion of  his  theory  that  besides  the 
classes  of  genuine  miracle,  diabolic  in- 
fluence and  fraud,  "we  ought  to  recog- 
nize the  existence  of  a  small  class  of 
abnormally  constituted  persons  w'ho 
seem  to  have  lived  in  an  atmosphere 
of  extravagance  and  miracle,  but  who 
are  not  necessarily  to  be  accounted 
either  impostors  or  saints." 

The  World  War  in  Its  True  Colors 

Surveys  of  the  World  War  recently 
published  in  American  and  European 
journals  show  that  men  are  gradually 
coming  to  perceive  that  the  World  War 
from  the  beginning,  and  on  both  sides, 
was  a  vile  and  dishonest  thing ;  that  it 
was  not  caused  by  Germany  alone,  but 
in  greater  or  less  degree  by  all  the  na- 
tions involved;  that  it  was  fought  with 
utter  disregard  of  all  treaty  obligations 
and  humanitarian  principles,  by  all 
the  combatants;  that  its  purposes  were 
not  the  saving  of  civilization,  not  the 
"making  of  the  world  safe  for  de- 
mocracy, ' '  not  the  ending  of  war  itself, 
but  the  lust  of  conquest,  and  the  con- 
trol of  the  economic  markets  of  the 
world ;  that  the  entrance  of  the  United 
States  was  a  serious  mistake,  having  no 
relation  to  idealistic  purposes,  but  be- 
ing dictated  by  fear,  and  especially  by 
a  desire  to  protect  the  huge  American 
investments  in  the  Allied  cause;  that 
the  end  of  the  War,  in  the  Versailles 
Conference,  Avas  an  orgy  of  vengeance, 
lust,  hatred,  and  cruelty ;  that  the  War 
accomplished  nothing  but  death,  de- 
struction and  disillusionment. 

It  is  "better  late  than  never,"  and 
we  are  therefore  glad  that  these  con- 
fessions are  now  being  made  and  these 
facts  woven  at  last  into  the  texture  of 

history.  

GRIEF 
By  Charles  J.  QuirJc,  S.  J. 

We  trust,  O  Lord,  by  Thy  sweet  grace  and 
love 

To  find  again  our  dear  ones  safe  above; 

We  hope,  we  trust,  ah  yes,  but  Lord,   our 
loss 
Is     in    long     waiting;    this     the    Cross!      the 
Cross ! 


1925  THE  rOETNIGHTLY  REVIEW 

An  Open  Letter  to  Judge  Gary 

By  the  Rt.  Rev.  Vincent  Wehrle,  Bishop  of  Bismarck,  N.  Dak. 


161 


Honorable  Judge  Elbert  Gary, 

New  York  City. 
Dear  Sir : — 

You  or  some  one  else  has  had  the 
kindness  to  send  me  your  address  ' '  Law 
Observance  and  Enforcement."  You 
lay  down  a  very  strict  rule  in  regard 
to  the  sacredness  and  obligation  of 
law,  but  I  cannot  find  in  your  address 
any  motive  which  should  inspire  us  to 
be  law-abiding  in  that  degree  which 
you  demand.  It  would  be  quite  diffe- 
rent if  you  had  a  word  to  say  about 
God,  the  Supreme  Lawgiver,  from 
whom  all  authority  and  all  obligations 
derive. 

I  fully  agree  with  you  that  so  much 
lawlessness  has  come  to  the  surface 
that  real  fear  for  the  welfare  of  the 
country  must  take  hold  of  every 
serious-minded  man.  But  why?  First 
because  so  many  lawmakers  have  lost 
the  correct  idea  of  law.  Denying  God 
or  at  least  putting  Him  aside  as  if 
He  did  not  exist  at  all,  is  the  first  cause 
of  the  present  lawlessness. 

Every  human  law  must  be  based  up- 
on the  divine  law,  /.  e.,  upon  the  will 
of  the  Supreme  Being  from  Avhom  all 
creatures  receive  their  existence.  Since 
a  large  number  of  law-makers  have 
lost  this  first  principle,  and,  therefore, 
legislative  bodies  have  become  nothing- 
more  than  a  kind  of  experimental  sta- 
tion, law-making  has  grown  wild. 
What  Tacitus  says  in  regard  to  the 
Roman  empire  is  repeated  again,  but 
in  a  much  higher  degree  :  "Res  publica 
corruptissima,  leges  plurimae. " 

Instead  of  emphasizing  in  an  exag- 
gerated way  the  obligation  of  every  law 
that  is  in  some  statute  book,  you  would 
do  much  better  to  speak  with  the  great- 
est force  against  all  those  tyrants, — 
I  have  chosen  this  word  intentionally, 
— who  are  determined  to  bring  their 
hobbies  into  the  shape  of  laws,  by 
means  fair  and  unfair;  for  example, 
against  the  way  in  which  the  prohibi- 
tion amendment  was  added  to  the 
United  States  Constitution,  and  how 
at  present  so  many,  in  a  truly  tyran- 


nical way,  work  for  the  ' '  Child  Labor 
Amendment."  First  public  opinion 
is  misled  for  years  by  a  well-paid  press 
propaganda,  by  fabricated  so-called 
"statistics,"  until  a  large  number  of 
citizens  have  lost  their  common  sense 
and  mental  balance,  and  then  the  law- 
makers are  told  that  so  and  so  many 
thousands  will  be  against  them  if  they 
do  not  vote  as  commanded. 

What  motive  can  a  man  have  for 
observing  laws  Avhieh  are  not  in  har- 
mony with  the  laws  of  God  or  with  the 
fundamental  principles  of  our  Con- 
stitution ?  For  laws  which  have  been 
introduced  and  passed  by  all  kinds  of 
crooked  means?  For  laws  which 
evidently  have  no  other  purpose  but  to 
benefit  certain  classes  or  individuals, 
instead  of  being  made  for  the  public 
good  ? 

A  true  campaign  for  law  and  order 
should  begin  with  the  definition  of 
law  as  it  Avas  given  in  times  when 
people  Avere  guided  by  Christian  prin- 
ciples. "Lex  est  quaedam  rationis  or- 
dinatio  ad  honum  commune,  et  ah  eo 
qui  cur  am  communitatis  hahet  promul- 
gata."  A  regulation  made  hy  reason, 
not  by  passion,  not  by  selfishness,  not 
by  minds  Avorked  up  to  a  frenzy,  but 
by  reason,  /.  e.,  that  light  in  the  human 
mind  Avhieh  is  a  reflection  of  the  light 
of  God  or  of  DiAdne  AVisdom.  Ad  ho- 
num commune;  not  for  the  purpose  of 
carrying  out  the  domineering  com- 
mands of  tyrants,  Avhether  they  be 
kings  or  politicians  or  fanatical  party 
leaders,  but  for  the  general  good  of  the 
coynmunity.  Finally,  promulgated  hy 
those  ivho  have  the  care  of  the  commu- 
nity. 

From  this  definition  it  is  evident  that 
only  men  who  have  sound  reasoning 
and  have  the  welfare  of  the  community 
truly  at  heart,  can  make  real  laws.  A 
people  or  nation  driA'en  to  frenzy  is 
simplj^  unfit  to  make  true  laws.  When- 
ever men  are  led  by  passion  or  pre- 
judice, they  cannot  and  Avill  not  make 
true  laAvs,  but  tyrannical  regulations. 

True   liberty,    Avhich   is   inseparably 


163 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


April  15 


connected  with  real  law,  ean  exist  only 
Avlien  men  are  guided  by  truth,  as 
Christ  declared:  "The  truth  will  nuike 
you  free." 

This  is  the  reason  ^vhy  at  the  present 
time,  wlien  an  unscrupulous  press 
poisons  the  mind  of  the  people  with  all 
kind  s  of  misrepresentations,  a 
large  number  of  laws  which  are  brought 
into  the  statute  books  are  despised  and 
hated,  and  why  the  hatred  of  many 
unnecessary^  and  even  unjust  laws 
drives  a  large  number  of  i)eo])le  to  a 
strong  contempt  of  all  laws. 

For  this  reason  citizens  who  are 
anxious  to  preserve  law  and  order 
should  first  of  all  protest  with  all  their 
energy  against  lawmaking  which  can- 
not be  called  true  lawmaking  at  all, 
because  it  sins  against  the  ver}-  idea 
of  a  real  law,  not  coming  from  reason, 
but  from  passion  and  selfishness,  and 
having  for  its  purpose,  not  the  general 
good,  but  selfishness  and  party  interest. 

Then  they  should  also  make  it  very 
clear  that  God's  law  must  be  at  the 
bottom  of  every  human  law,  and  that 
human  laws  must  be  a  reflex  of  the 
Divine  Law.  To  illustrate  this  by  an 
example.  At  present  the  United  States 
are  spending  millions  of  dollars  every 
year  for  the  enforcement  of  the  pro- 
hibition laws,  which,  if  carried  out  in 
the  days  of  Christ,  would  have  made 
the  Son  of  God  a  criminal  when  He 
changed  water  into  wine ;  at  the  very 
same  time  every  State  in  the  Union, 
with,  perhaps,  the  exception  of  one, 
legalizes  divorce,  though  our  Lord  de- 
clared :  "  Who  dismisses  his  wdf e  and 
takes  another  one,  commits  adultery." 
We  have  legalized  adultery  in  such  a 
degree  that  nearly  every  seventh  mar- 
riage is  broken  up,  in  spite  of  the 
clear  declaration  of  the  Son  of  God. 

These  sad  facts  should  be  realized, 
and  every  one  who  has  the  welfare  of 
the  country  at  heart,  should  take  the 
firmest  stand  against  those  crimes,  fre- 
quently committed  without  ever  being- 
punished  by  the  State,  which  are  in 
the  strictest  sense  crimes  against  God's 
law,  as  dishonesty  in  high  places, 
criminal  disregard  for  human  life  by 
causing  loss  of  human  life  by  criminal 
carelessness    or    by    lynching,    crimes 


against  public  decency  and  purity,  as 
they  are  committed  by  so  many  pub- 
lications, etc. 

Let  me  add  that  your  quotations  from 
President  Coolidge  are  unfortunate. 
If  they  are  correct,  they  deserve  a  pub- 
lic protest.  You  quote  as  his  words : 
"Men  speak  of  natural  rights,  but  I 
challenge  any  one  to  show  where  in 
nature  any  rights  ever  existed  or  were 
recognized,  until  there  was  established 
for  their  declaration  and  protection  a 
duly  promulgated  body  of  correspond- 
ing laws. ' '  Natural  rights  and  natural 
laws  existed  before  human  laws  were 
made.  Man  has  in  his  reason  light 
enough  to  see  that  many  acts  are  wrong, 
sinful  against  God  and  men,  even  if 
they  are  not  forbidden  by  human  laws. 
AMien  God  is  set  aside,  when  He  is  re- 
jected, then  there  are  no  natural  rights 
and  no  natural  laws,  but  only  for  those 
who,  b}^  wdlful  obstinacy,  have  shut 
the  eyes  of  their  mind  to  the  light 
which  God  gives  to  every  man  that  has 
come  into  this  world. 

Very    respectfully    yours, 
t  Vincent  Wehrle, 

Bishop      of     Bismarck. 


Dr.  Charles  W.  Eliot,  President 
Emeritus  of  Harvard  University,  in- 
ventor of  electivism  and  the  "five-foot 
shelf,"  lately  picked  a  list  of  "Ail- 
Time,  All-World  Educators. ' '  The  list 
is  being  circulated  by  the  University  of 
Chicago  in  its  campaign  for  a 
$17,500,000  endowment  and  building 
fund.  Here  it  is :  Adam  Smith, 
Michael  Faraday,  John  Stuart  Mill, 
William  E.  Channing,  Horace  Mann, 
Herbert  Spencer,  Ernest  Renan, 
Charles  Robert  Darwin,  Ralph  Waldo 
Emerson,  Louis  Pasteur,  Aristotle, 
Gailen,  Leonardo  da  Vinci,  John 
Milton,  AVilliam  Shakespeare,  John 
Locke,  Immanuel  Kant,  Francis  Bacon, 
and  Isaac  Newton.  Counting  this  list 
of  "The  Twenty  Greatest  Educators," 
we  find  there  are  only  nineteen.  As 
the  twentieth  might  fittingly  be  added 
the  Rev.  Timothy  Brosnahan,  S.  el.,  who 
taught  the  learned  Dr.  Eliot  a  thing  or 
two  some  twenty-five  years  ago.  Or 
should  the  place  go  to  Dr.  Eliot  him- 
self? 


1925 


THE  FOETXIGHTLY  EEYIEW 

Prejudices   Now  and  Then 

By   P.    H.    Callahan   of    Louisville 


163 


We  measure  progress  achieved,  by 
looking  backwards  and  contrasting 
present  conditions  with  those  that 
formerly  obtained.  We  draw  en- 
couragement out  of  gloom}-  situations 
by  reflecting  on  the  darker  experiences 
of  the  past.  If  the  business  outlook  is 
cloudy,  we  all  know  when  it  was  black ; 
if  there  is  much  sickness,  it  is  nothing 
compared  to  the  epidemics  that  once 
followed  one  another  like  the  ten 
plagues  of  Egypt ;  if  human  life  seems 
cheap,  what  was  it  w^hen  every  man 
wore  a  sword?  Thus,  in  spite  of  our 
jeremiads,  most  of  us  keep  in  good 
heart,  take  the  evils  that  surround  us 
with  the  day's  work,  and  hopefully 
exert  our  efforts  for  still  greater  im- 
provement in  future  times. 

So  it  is  in  the  matter  of  prejudices. 
Ten  years  ago,  in  a  suit  for  libel  insti- 
tuted by  a  Catholic  priest  against  a 
notorious  anti- Catholic  publication,  the 
owner  of  the  paper  testified  in  court 
that  it  was  his  polic}^  to  publish  every- 
thing of  a  defamatory  character  which 
his  scavengers  could  gather  regarding 
Catholics  and  things  Catholic.  He  ad- 
mitted that  he  would  not  publish  any- 
thing, however  high  its  literary  or  news 
value  might  rank,  which  reflected  favor- 
ably upon  Catholics.  His  purpose  was 
to  blacken.  At  that  time  most  of  the  non- 
Catholic  religious  papers  regularly 
quoted  from  that  man's  paper,  often 
with  avowed  approval,  even  with  exul- 
tant praise.  Many  of  them  advertised  , 
the  paper  and  commended  it  to  their 
readers.  Some  of  them  republished 
the  lists  of  books  which  it  approved, 
written  by  so-called  ex-priests  or  ex- 
nuns,  or  by  unscrupulous  professional 
propagandists.  If  any  one  of  them 
ever  condemned  the  sheet,  the  writer 
never  knew  of  it.  If  any  denounced 
the  immoral  policj"  avowed  by  its  o^vnev 
before  the  court,  he  never  heard  of  it. 
Under  the  circumstances,  considering 
the  many  channels  through  which  it 
was  exploited,  it  was  not  surprising 
that  the  Menace  came  to  have  the 
largest  circulation  of  any  weekly  pub- 


lication sent  through  the  United  States 
mails. 

How  different  the  situation  to-day ! 
Very  few  of  the  religious  weeklies  ever 
go  in  for  those  old  indecent  attacks 
against  our  priests  and  our  nuns.  While 
they  still  criticize  the  Church  and  our 
hierarchy,  and,  misled  by  their  line 
of  reading,  frequently  misrepresent 
Catholic  teaching  and  belief,  their  at- 
titude is  so  much  more  dignified,  their 
tone  so  much  more  temperate,  that 
comparing  the  non-Catholic  religious 
press  of  to-day  with  that  of  ten  years 
ago,  one  can  not  but  feel  that  there  has 
been  much  progress  towards  the  reali- 
zation of  the  da}-  when  people  in  this 
countr}"  who  live  together  as  neighbors 
will,  irrespective  of  their  differences  in 
religion,  come  to  regard  one  another  as 
friends. 

These  observations  are  prompted  in 
particular  by  a  recent  issue  of  the 
Christian  Work,  edited  by  the  Rev- 
erend Dr.  Lynch,  which  carried  two 
reviews  of  a  book  entitled  "Alien 
Rome."  The  book  was  written  by  the 
Rev.  Bertrand  M.  Tipple,  who  was  at 
one  time  connected  with  the  Methodist 
Church  in  Rome,  and  is  published  by 
' '  The  Protestant  Guards. ' '  The  editor 
of  the  Christian  Work  requested  Dr. 
John  A.  Ryan  of  the  Catholic  Univers- 
ity of  America  to  review  the  book  for 
his  paper.  With  Father  Ryan's  re- 
view was  also  published  a  review  by  the 
Rev.  Robert  L.  Kelly,  a  minister  of  the 
Disciples  of  Christ.  Father  Ryan  ex- 
posed the  book  as  being  loose  and  un- 
scholarly  in  treatment,  distortive  of 
truth,  vicious  in  tone,  in  short  every- 
thing that  a  w'riting  should  not  be. 
It  is  not  so  much,  however,  that  the 
book  has  that  character  or  that  Dr. 
Ryan  in  his  clear,  concise,  and  conclu- 
sive manner  should  show  it  for  what 
it  is,  but  that  the  editor  of  a  non-Cath- 
olic religious  weekly  should  ask  Father 
Ryan  to  review  such  a  work,  and  pub- 
listh  his  crushing  article. 

The  review  of  Dr.  Kelly  deserves  a 
further  word,  as  it  is  a  non-Catholic's 


164 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


April  15 


view  of  a  vicious  attack  by  a  Protestant 
minister  on  the  Catholic  Church.  As 
illustrating  the  change  that  has  come 
about  among  non-Catholic  leaders  in 
the  past  ten  j^ears,  it  will  be  interesting 
to  quote  it  at  some  length. 

After  stating  frankly  that  the  book 
"is  an  attack  jon  the  Roman  jhier- 
archy,"  Dr.  Kell.y  says:  "Among  the 
charges  on  the  hierarchy  made  in  this 
book  by  the  author  and  his  sponsors, 
are  that  it  is  a  sinister,  political  auto- 
cracy, that  it  is  associating  with  the 
most  reactionary  forces  of  Europe,  that 
in  America  it  would  substitute  the 
parochial  school  for  the  public  school, 
and  that  it  is  moving  aggressively 
ahead  for  national  conquest.  The 
author  is  disturbed  at  what  he  calls 
the  revival  of  Romanism  in  Europe  and 
asserts  that  this  revival  'is  due  main- 
ly to  two  things:  Socialist  Radicalism 
and  the  betrayal  of  Protestantism  b}" 
German  Militarism'  (p.  19).  On 
page  26  he  asserts:  'The  subsequent 
downfall  of  Prussianism  has  left  all 
European  Protestantism  seriousl.y 
shaken.'  The  implications  of  these 
confessions,  however  true  they  may  be, 
call  to  mind  the  inquiry-,  since  he  as- 
sumes to  speak  for  European  Protest- 
antism :  '  And  w^hy  beholdest  thou  the 
mote  that  is  in  thy  brother's  eye,  but 
considerest  not  the  beam  that  is  in  thine 
own  eyef  There  is  always  such  a 
difficulty  bobbing  up  to  plague  one 
who  makes  this  sort  of  an  '  attack, '  and 
furthermore,  it  is  very  doubtful  if  the 
American  public  w-ill  be  greatly  bene- 
fitted or  the  Kingdom  of  Heaven  pro- 
moted by  such  muckraking  in  the  re- 
ligious field. 

' '  To  the  reader  who  is  accustomed  to 
weighing  evidence,  the  attack  is  un- 
convincing. If  there  is  evidence  to 
substantiate  his  charges,  the  author 
does  not  produce  it.  Many  of  his  un- 
proven  assertions  have  been  and  are 
being  categorically  denied  by  high 
authorities  of  the  Catholic  Church.  One 
is  always  on  dangerous  ground  in  at- 
tempting to  interpret  the  motives  of 
others.  The  nature  of  the  evidence 
offered  in  the  book  is  indicated  by  such 
citations  as  these,  taken  at  random 
from  it:  'Is  the  conviction  of,'  'is  said 


to  be,'  'it  is  generally  understood,'  'a 
report  was  circulated,'  'he  is  credited 
with  saying,'  'my  conviction  is,'  'it  is 
said,'  'some  maintain  that,'  'it  is  more 
or  less  evident,'  'a  statement  appear- 
ed in  the  New  York  Evening  Post,' 
'word  comes  that,'  'it  was  rumored 
about  Rome,'  'a  report  just  in  from 
AVaahington, '  etc.,  etc." 

Dr.  Kelly,  with  a  true  eye  to  its 
importance,  deals  at  length  with  the 
charge  that  the  Church  would  sub- 
stitute the  parochial  school  for  the  pub- 
lic scihool,  which  he  completely  refutes. 
He  saj'S:  "It  seems  very  difficult  for 
the  author  to  discriminate  between  an 
effort  to  'substitute'  the  parochial 
school  for  the  public  school  and  a 
policy  of  maintaining  parochial  schools. 
Both  'charges'  are  made  and  they  seem 
to  be  of  equal  weight  in  the  author's 
mind.  Of  course,  the  Catholic  Church 
is  not  attempting  to  make  such  a  'sub- 
stitution.' Since  Catholics  pay  their 
taxes  for  public  education  as  all  other 
citizens  do,  they  have  a  perfect  right 
to  maintain  their  own  schools  in  addi- 
tion if  they  desire,  just  as  all  kinds  of 
Protestants  do.  The  principle  is  not 
changed  in  the  fact  that  the  Catholics 
emphasize  the  lower  and  the  Protest- 
ants the  higher  grades.  The  author 
loses  sight  of  the  fact  that  the  churches 
were  pioneers  in  American  education 
and  that  even  to-day  there  are  more 
students  enrolled  in  denominational 
and  independent  colleges  and  univers- 
ities than  in  those  supported  by  taxa- 
tion. This  dual  character  of  our  educa- 
tion, especially  in  the  college  and  uni- 
versity realm,  is  one  of  the  most 
striking  features  of  our  American  edu- 
cational system  and  is  almost  univers- 
ally considered  as  having  advantages 
for  both  types  of  institutions. 

"On  page  191  some  very  'damaging' 
evidence  is  offered  versus  the  Reverend 
James  H.  Ryan,  Executive  Secretary 
of  the  National  Catholic  Welfare  Con- 
ference. I  quote  verbatim,  including 
Dr.  Tipple's  running  comments.  The 
'charges'  and  the  comments  speak  for 
themselves. 

But  the  Keverend  James  H.  Eyau,  Execu- 
tive Secretary  of  the  National  Catholic 
Welfare  Conference,  also   appeared  before 


1925 


THE  FOETJs^GHTLY  REVIEW 


165 


the  Senate  Committee.  His  word  was: 
' '  The  National  Catholic  Welfare  Conference 
opposes  the  Sterling-Eeed  Bill. ' '  Of  course. 
Father  Ryan  says,  ' '  It  would  create  Federal 
control  of  education. ' '  Of  course.  This 
might  restrict  somewhat  the  operation  of 
the  parochial  school.  ' '  It  would  establish 
a  Federal  Department  of  education,  which 
we  do  not  need. ' '  Of  course.  All  we 
need  are  more  parochial  schools. 

"The  author  might  easily  have  point- 
ed out  even  more  damaging  evidence 
of  'alien'  sentiment.  He  might  have 
quoted  President-Emeritus  Hadlev  of 
Yale : 

I  regard  the  Smith-Towner  Bill  as  a  long 
step  in  the  Prussianizing  of  American 
education. 

"Or  President  Butler  of  Columbia 
University : 

The  bill  would  effect  so  great  a  revolution 
in  our  American  form  of  government  as 
one  day  to  endanger  its  perpetuity, 

' '  He  might  have  included  among  the 
'aliens'  Dr.  Charles  R.  Mann,  Director 
of  the  American  Council  of  Education, 
Chancellor  Samuel  P.  Capen,  former 
Director  of  the  American  Council  of 
Education,  now  head  of  the  University 
"of  Buffalo,  the  Senate  of  the  University 
of  Chicago,  the  Presidents  of  many 
American  colleges  and  universities,  as 
well  as  the  United  States  Chamber  of 
Commerce.  All  these  people  are 
American  citizens,  and  whether  they 
are  right  or  wrong,  they  have  the  con- 
stitutional guarantee  'of  freedom  of 
opinion  and  speecih. 

"Or  Dr.  Tipple  might  have  quoted 
Dr.  Ryan 's  introductory  statements  be- 
fore the  Senate  Committee  on  Educa- 
tion and  Labor  of  the  Sixty-eighth  Con- 
gress : 

In  the  first  place,  the  National  Catholic 
Welfare  Conference  heartily  favors  every 
effort  by  the  Federal  Government,  con- 
sistent with  the  principles  laid  down  in  our 
Federal  Constitution,  tending  to  the  de- 
velopment of  education  in  the  United 
States.  Therefore  we  favor  legislation 
which  will  help  to  remove  illiteracy,  which 
will  assist  in  the  Americanization  of  the 
foreign  born,  which  will  promote  physical 
education  and  the  training  of  teachers, 
which  will  equalize  educational  opportxmity 
to  the  extent  that  the  benefits  of  education 
may  be  brought  within  the  reach  of  every 
citizen  of  this  Republic. 


We  beUeve,  however,  that  no  Federal 
legislation  of  the  character  presented  in  the 
Sterling-Reed  bill  is  necessary  to  attain 
these  laudable  purposes.  Education  is,  ac- 
cording to  our  Constitution,  a  matter  for 
State  control.  We  therefore,  oppose  every 
effort  to  attain  purposes  good  in  them- 
selves by  means  which  are  bad;  that  is, 
unconstitutional. 

"If  Dr.  Tipple  had  wished  to  warn 
his  readers  further  on  the  spreading  of 
the  'un-American'  sentiment  in  favor 
of  'parochial'  schools,  he  might  have 
quoted  from  Dr.  Walter  S.  Athear's 
'Religious  Education  and  American 
Democracy : ' 

The  American  children  will  be  educated 
in  the  public  schools.  Religion  will  not 
be  taught  in  the  American  public  schools. 
The  church  and  the  home  must  teach  re- 
ligion to  the  American  people  if  it  is  to  be 
taught  them  at  all.  This  will  require  the 
establishing  of  a  system  of  church  schools 
which  will  parallel  the  public  schools  all 
the  way  from  the  kindergarten  to  the  uni- 
versity   (page  21)." 

Such  articles  by  a  non-Catholic  pub- 
lished in  a  non-Catholic  paper,  do  more 
good  than  articles  by  Catholics  publish- 
ed in  Catholic  papers.  The  writer  has 
long  entertained  the  opinion,  and  both 
time  and  observation  have  confirmed  it, 
that  neither  Catholics  on  the  one  hand 
nor  non-Catholics  on  the  other,  will 
take  kindly  to  correction,  much  less 
criticism,  offered  to  one  group  by  mem- 
bers of  the  other  group.  They  should 
correct  one  another.  Dr.  Kelly  in  his 
revicM^  of  "Alien  Rome"  has  carried 
into  practice  an  excellent  precept  plain- 
ly, if  somewhat  roughly,  put  many 
years  ago  in  a  letter  to  the  Chairman 
of  the  K.  of  C.  Re'ligious  Prejudice 
Commission,  which  said,  "Let  each 
camp  muzzle  its  own  fools." 

Mark  Twain's  "Roughing  It"  has 
been  translated  into  German,  with  the 
odd  title  of  "Durch  Dick  und  Diinn." 
Though  the  text  is  well  rendered  by 
Ulrich  Steindorff,  the  title  itself  is  in- 
adequate. 

The  Holy  Father  recently  addressed 
a  party  of  German  pilgrims  in  their 
own  language.  He  spoke  fluently  and 
was  understood  by  every  member  of  the 
party. 


166 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 

Child   Labor   Correspondence 


April  15 


Tihe  F.  R.  of  late  (Nos.  4  and  5) 
furnished  its  readers  with  two  strong- 
papers  advocating  the  Federal  Child 
Labor  Amendment  by  those  well  known 
students  of  economics  and  sociology — 
the  Hon.  Edward  Keating  and  Col. 
P.  H.  Callahan  of  Louisville.  We  re- 
ceived several  criticisms  of  these 
articles  and  feel  that  the  other  side 
should  be  given  the  privilege  of  a 
brief  rejoinder. 

Wihile  very  much  interested  in  this 
controversy,  we  must  confess  that  we 
never  became  alarmed  one  way  or  an- 
other, as  was  the  case  with  so  many  of 
our  good  friends ;  it  never  seemed  to 
us  that  the  advocates  of  the  proposed 
amendment  made  a  real  case  for  such 
a  drastic  procedure,  wdiile  the  op- 
ponents saW'  a  menace  in  the  origin 
and  possible  workings  of  this  measure 
which  seemed  to  us  exaggerated. 

Our  o\n\  conclusion  would  be  very 
much  that  of  the  New  York  Wo7'ld, 
which  strongly  advocated  the  elimina- 
tion of  child  labor,  yet  opposed  the 
20th  Amendment,  saying:  "The  en- 
thusiasm of  the  present  leaderahip  can 
be  of  the  greatest  sociological  advant- 
age if  it  will  be  directed  to  such  States 
and  communities  as  are  considered 
delinquent  and  backward  toward  the 
interests  of  their  children,"  for,  the 
World  continues  in  substance,  many 
of  the  present  opponents,  and 
even  legislatures  who  have  already  re- 
jected the  amendment,  will  gradu- 
ally change  their  mind  and  vote  yes  if 
those  now  using  child  labor  continue 
to  offend,  without  any  effort  to  elim- 
inate this  evil,  for  the  dictate  of  the 
American  conscience  is  very  plain  that 
child  labor  must  go. 

Here  are  the  criticisms  we  received, 
with  brief  replies  thereto  by  the  writers 
of  the  respective  articles: 

"Child  Labor  Criticism  " 
To  the  Editor:— 

The  article  appearing  in  your  issue  of 
February  15th,  under  the  above  caption,  is 
to  my  mind,  entirely  typical  of  the  average 
Catholic  in  politics.  They  all  seem  powerless 
to  get  away  from  the  idea  that  if  he  or  his 


church  is  to  escape  the  "fury  of  the  mob" 
in  this  country,  the  only  safe  course  left  to 
pursue,  is  that  of  expediency. 

The  author,  Mr.  Keating,  through  quota- 
tion and  otherwise,  makes  quite  a  laborious 
effort  to  anathematize  Cardinal  O  'Connell 
for  his  views  on  the  Child  Labor  Amendment 
and  in  like  manner,  spares  nothing  in  an 
attempt  to  canonize  Father  Ryan  as  the 
patron  saint  "of  the  weak  against  the 
strong. ' ' 

Being  ' '  a  worker ' '  and  loyal  union  man 
of  thirty  five  years  standing,  I  will  venture 
an  objection  that  is  neither  "aside  from 
the  question"  nor  in  the  least  "unwarrant- 
ed." My  objection  I  know  to  be  ground- 
ed upon  fact,  rather  than  upon  theory,  as 
are  the  opinions  of  the  proponents  of  this 
legislation. 

LTnsmitten  by  "the  march  of  progress," 
as  no  doubt  millions  of  other  Catholic  parents 
are,  my  wife  and  I  are  blessed  in  the  posses- 
sion of  ten  happy  and  growing  children. 
(Did  I  liear  someone  say  that  it  was  neither 
I^olite  nor  progressive  to  have  so  many  chil- 
dren?). Anyhow,  we  have  them  and  are 
firmly  convinced  that  there  is  nothing  which 
we  can  give  them  that  will  compare  with  a 
good  Christian  education.  Two  of  the  num- 
ber have  already  completed  high  school  under 
Catholic  auspices,  and  two  others  are  in 
process  of  completion ;  by  virtue  of  the  fact 
that  there  are  no  disabling  measures  such  as 
the  Child  Labor  Amendment,  they  were  able  to 
earn  all  or  nearly  all  of  their  tuition  during 
vacation.  I  copy  from  a  magazine  that  lies 
on   my   desk,  the  following : 

"We  approve  and  re-assert  our  belief  in 
the  free  and  compulsory  education  of  the 
children  of  our  nation  in  public,  primary 
schools  supported  by  public  taxation,  or  Avhicli 
all  children  shall  attend  and  be  instructed  in 
the  English  language  only,  without  regard 
to  race  or  creed,  and  we  pledge  the  efforts 
of  the  membership  of  the  Rite  to  promote  by 
all  lawful  means  the  organization,  extension 
and  development  to  the  highest  degree  of 
such  schools,  and  to  continually  oppose  the 
efforts  of  any  and  all  who  seek  to  limit, 
curtail,  hinder  or  destroy  the  public  school 
system  of  our  land. ' ' 

With  the  Child  Labor  Amendment  in  force 
the  above  becomes  imperative  and  a  God- 
send for  us,  just  as  it  will  for  every  other 
Catholic  man  and  woman  who  still  believes 
that  God  blessed  their  union  and  that  God 
still  reigns. 

Xow  this  objection  does  not  emanate  from 
any  of  the  sources  referred  to  by  Senator 
Walsh  or  Mr.  Keating,  nor  any  of  the  other 
innumerable  self -constituted  guardians  of 
those  who  toil,  but  from  one  of  millions  of 
* '  workers ' '  who,  like  him,  see  with  the  coming 


1925 


THE  FOETXIGHTLY  KEVIEW 


167 


of  the  Child  Labor  Amendment,  the  exalta- 
tion of  Margaret  Sanger  and  like  supporters 
of  this  legislation  "in  the  hearts  and  minds 
of  workers  everywhere,  regardless  of  their 
religion. ' '  John  J.  Donovan 

Ludlow,    Ky. 

[Mr.  Donovan  is  sadly  confused.  Evident- 
ly he  thinks  that  the  Child  Labor  Amendment 
is  a  statute,  instead  of  merely  an  enabling 
act,  and  that  it  would  immediately  upon 
ratification  prevent  all  children  under  eigh- 
teen years  of  age  from  laboring.  He  ought 
to  learn  the  facts.  Evidently,  too,  he  believes 
that  the  Amendment  was  put  through  Con- 
gress by  enemies  of  the  parochial  schools. 
Again,  he  should  learn  the  facts.  Had  he 
taken  the  trouble  to  do  so  before  he  wrote 
he  would  not  have  committed  that  sin  against 
fraternal  charity  which  the  Catechism  calls 
"rash   judgment." — Edward    Keating.] 

'  *  The  Hobby  Horse  Leader  ' ' 
To   the   Editor:— 

We  believe  that  the  greatest  affliction  that 
has  ever  come  to  the  people  of  our  beloved 
country  is  the  Hobby  Horse  Leaders.  Once 
they  get  astride  their  little  hobbies,  woe  be 
to  you  if  you  differ  with  them.  You  are 
instantly  rammed  and  damned  by  them  as 
a  bigot,  intolerant  fanatic,  and  of  the  vicious 
class. 

In  No.  4  of  the  F.  E.  one  of  the  bold 
equestrians  appeared  mounted  on  his  hobby, 
a  helmet  of  brazen  audacity  as  a  mask,  whip 
and  spur  of  shameless  impudence,  a  mantle 
of  righteousness  (K.  K.  K.  fashion)  envelop- 
ing his  form  as  he  sallied  forth  to  exterminate 
all  who  oppose  his  pet  hobby. 

He  decapitates  a  cardinal  with  the  dexterity 
and  ruthlessness  Avorthy  of  Henry  VIII,  and 
his  Cromwellian  hand  puts  tlie  daylight  out 
of  the  balance  of  the  opposition,  and  in  the 
parlance  of  the  day,  he  is  now  ' '  setting 
pretty. ' ' 

Indulging  in  their  own  soliloquy  is  one  of 
the  prerogatives  of  greatness  and  so  this 
H.  H.  L.  laments  the  attitude  of  the  Church 
on  his  pet  hobby  (the  Child  Labor  Law). 
And  he  goes  on  to  say  that  forward-minded 
non-Catholics  will  not  think  well  of  us.  This 
great  authority  says  they  will  not  think  well 
of  us — because  ive  think  for  ourselves. 

We  don't  care  a  rap  what  others  may 
think  about  our  actions,  so  long  as  those 
actions  are  in  accordance  with  the  laws  of 
God,  and  we  follow  the  dictates  of  our  con- 
science. Obey  the  Commandments,  lead  a 
virtuous  life  and  have  a  good  conscience,  and 
no  priest,  bishop  or  cardinal  dare  ask  more 
of  us.  And  we  of  the  Church  know  that  we 
are  never  asked  to  do  that  which  would 
stultify  ourselves,  or  to  do  anything  which 
would  be  inconsistent  with  conscientious  duty. 
If  this  reform  H.  H.  L.  is  a  Catholic,  he  should 
know  this ;  if  he  is  not  a  Catholic,  he  has  no 
need  to  lament  our  attitude.  - 


Mother  Church  with  the  parent  has  cared 
for  the  interest  of  ' '  the  Child " '  for  the  past 
2000  years,  and  we  Catholics  are  willing  that 
she  continue  with  us  to  supervise  and  manage 
the  education  of  our  children.  And  we  are 
positively  against  handing  this  interest  over 
to  any  Federal  agents.  And  we  say  it  out 
aloud,  that  we  have  no  reason  to  apologize 
for  this  attitude. 

We  are  not  at  this  time  going  to  discuss 
this  dangerous  and  needless  law.  We  only 
want  to  say  to  its  author  that  it  ill  becomes 
him  to  slur  us  who  are  earnestly  and  honestly 
opposing  this  nefarious  law, — not,  as  he  would 
imply,  at  the  behest  of  some  priest  or  cardinal, 
but  because  in  our  hearts  and  souls  we  believe 
this  is  the  most  dangerous  legislation  ever 
before  attempted  in  our  beloved  country. 

In  closing,  I  would  say  that  the  various 
States  are  caring  for  this  question  (Child 
Labor)  in  a  competent  way.  The  census  of 
1900  showed  that  about  24%  of  the  child 
population  between  the  ages  of  10  and  16 
years  were  employed;  that  of  1920  shows 
that  only  about  8%  of  the  child  population 
of  the  same  age  Avere  employed,  and  more 
than  half  of  those  were  employed  on  the  farm. 
It  is  needless  to  adopt  this  reform  into  our 
Constitution  when  the  various  State  laws  are 
caring  for  the  matter  so  well.  It  is  well  to 
remember  that  we  can  change,  amend  or  re- 
peal a  State  law;  not  so  a  Constitutional 
Amendment. 


Pacific,  Mo. 


James  McCaughey 


[The  tone  and  contents  of  Mr.  McCaughey 's 
letter  constitute  its  sufficient  refutation.  If 
he  had  read  the  proposed  Child  Labor  Amend- 
ment intelligeiitly,  he  would  realize  that  it 
has  nothing  to  do  with  education.  If  he 
had  some  acquaintance  with  the  failure  of 
the  backward  States  to  make  any  notable  im- 
provement in  their  child  labor  laws,  particular- 
ly in  the  enforcement  of  them,  since  the 
Great  War,  he  would  not  have  committed 
himself  to  the  complacent  but  astounding  as- 
sertion that  ' ' the  various  States  are  caring 
for  this  question  (child  labor)  in  a  com- 
petent way."- — Edward  Keating.] 


"Statistics" 
To  the  Editor:— 

Acting  on  the  suggestion  of  Mr.  Keating 's 
paper  in  the  Fortnightly  Eeview,  I  pro- 
cured a  copy  of  the  speech  of  Senator  Walsh 
of  Montana,  and  from  the  statistics  contained 
therein,  made  up  some  figures  of  my  own, 
and  it  seems,  according  to  the  census  of  1920 
that  there  were  12,592,582  children  between 
the  ages  of  ten  and  fifteen,  and  that  1,060,858 
were  ' '  engaged  in  gainful  occupations. ' ' 

Let  us,  for  the  sake  of  argument,  deduct 
from  those  engaged  in  ' '  gainful  occupations-' ' 
the  647,309  Avho  are  said  to  be  occupied  in 
forestry,  agriculture,  and  animal  husbandry, 
which  leaves  us  the  following: 


168 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  KEVIEW 


April  15 


54,006    engaged   in   domestic   and   personal 

service; 

63,368  engaged  in  trade  and  commerce; 

80,140   engaged   in   clerical   occupations; 

185,337    engaged    in    manufacturing    and 

mechanical  industries. 

Are  v,e  to  infer  that  so  many  children  are 
kept  away  from  school  on  account  of  such 
work?  Are  they  occupied  the  whole  year 
round,  the  bigger  part  of  the  day,  in  such 
occupations?  If  such  is  the  condition,  things 
are  extremely  sad  and  require  correction.  But 
it  is  my  thought  they  are  engaged  only  for 
short  times,  say  during  vacation  or  during 
the  pressing  work  of  planting  and  harvesting 
on  farms, — which  makes  a  great  deal  of  dif- 
ference. 

It  seems  to  me  almost  incredible  that  8.5% 
of  all  children  of  said  ages  are  during  the 
bigger  part  of  the  year  so  engaged  in  gain- 
ful work  that  they  cannot  attend  school  and 
avail  themselves  of  the  rights  and  privileges 
of  all  other  children. 

I    know    a    little    about    how    reports    and 
statistics    are    prepared,    and    am    somewhat 
fearful    that    Mr.    Keating' 's    article    is    not 
altogether  based  on  actual  facts. 
Cleveland,  Ohio.  Joseph  A.  Kysela 

[What  Mr.  Kysela  deplores  and  hopes  to 
find  "incredible,"  is  true.  In  fact,  the 
figures  that  he  quotes  do  not  fully  describe 
the  evil  condition.  They  were  gathered  by 
the  Census  Bureau,  not  by  any  partisan 
organization.  They  were  obtained  in  the 
month  of  January,  1920,  when  the  schools 
were  in  session,  not  during  vacation  time.  In 
three  respects  they  understate  the  number  of 
children  regularly  employed:  First,  because 
a  smaller  number  of  children  are  at  work  in 
agricultural  occupations  in  the  month  of 
January  than  in  any  other  part  of  the  year; 
second,  because  the  investigation  was  made 
in  1920,  when  the  Federal  Child  Labor  Law 
was  in  operation,  and  we  have  the  testimony  of 
the  factory  inspector  of  Mississippi  that  after 
this  law  was  declared  unconstitutional  1200 
boys  and  girls  went  back  to  work  in  the  cotton 
mills  of  the  State;  third,  because  the  census 
figures  do  not  cover  working  children  under 
ten  years  of  age.  Finally,  the  census  enume- 
rators were  instructed  not  to  covmt  as  ''em- 
ployed" children  who  were  ''helping  their 
parents  at  household  tasks,  or  chores,  or  do- 
ing irregular  work  about  the  home  farm." — 
Edward  Keating.] 


SOUTHERN   TEXTILE    BULLETIN 
David    Clark,    Managing    Editor 
Clark's  Directory  of 
Southern   Textile  Mills 
Clark's   Directory   of 
Cotton    Oil    Mills 

Member 
Audit    Bureau    of 
Circulations    Associated 
Business   Papers,   Inc. 
Clark  Publishing  Company 
Publishers 
Charlotte,    N.    C. 

March  9,  1925. 


Mr.  P.  H.  Callahan, 
Louisville  Varnish  Co., 
Louisville,   Ky. 
My  dear  Pat: 

I  am  calling  you  Pat  on  account  of  your 
initials.  I  had  the  pleasure  about  twenty 
years  ago,  when  I  was  with  the  Chattanooga 
News  and  we  attended  that  night  the  Elks 
Club  or  the  Knights  of  Columbus,  I  forget 
Avhieh,  of  meeting  you.  For  tlie  past  six 
months  I  have  devoted  my  time  against  the 
wonderful,  uonsensible,  ' '  damn  Fool ' '  Child 
Labor  Amendment,  we  have  just  about  de- 
feated this.  My  partner,  Mr.  Clark,  of  this 
l^aper  is  a  Shriner  and  a  high  Mason.  He 
is  just  as  much  against  this  educational 
amendment  as  I  am.  The  fraternal  weekly, 
the  official  organ  of  the  Ku  Klux,  gave  us 
a  hard  roast  last  week,  but  little  did  Mr. 
Clark  care  Avhat  the  Ku  Klux  said  about 
him,  although  he  is  a  Mason,  and  neither  did 
I,  although  I  am  a  Catholic.  I  could  not 
miss  the  opportunity  to  send  you  one  of 
Bishop  Candler's  articles  against  this  educa- 
tional amendment.  The  Bishop  was  with  us 
on  the  child  labor  bill  and  Avrote  some  wonder- 
ful stories,  that  I  printed  in  over  a  hundred 
papers.  Bead  this  clipping  over  thoroughly 
and ,  note  the  Bishop 's  language  that  the 
educational  bill  will  mean  the  white  children 
and  black  children  going  to  school  together 
in  Kentucky.  These  words  in  itself  will  carry 
the  solid  South  against  this  fool  amendment. 
Allow  me  to  wind  up  this  letter  by  saying, 
that  if  you  people  in  Kentucky  allow  your 
legislature  to  ratify  this  Child  Labor  Bill,  I 
hope  they  put  every  white  man  in  Kentucky 
on  the  road  with  a  Negro  overseer. 
Not  yours  truly  but 

Your  friend 
Jeff.  Palmer 

[Here  is  a  coarse  straight-out  appeal  to 
prejudice,  both  of  a  religious  and  racial 
character.  Knowing  of  my  being  a  Catholic, 
Mr.  Palmer  appeals  to  me  to  oppose  the  Child 
Labor  Amendment  with  the  idea  that  just 
because  some  Kluxer  in  some  place  or  other 
may  be  for  it,  therefore  my  influence  must 
be  against  it.  Likewise,  knowing  of  my 
being  a  Southerner,  he  throws  out  the  inti- 
mation that  we  shall  have  negro  domination. 
But  my  regard  for  this  type  of  propagandist 
playing  on  prejudices  is  far  below  that  held 
for  a  Negro  or  Kluxer.  It  is  just  this  kind 
of  propaganda  that  first  kindled  my  interest, 
and  finally  urged  me  to  become  an  advocate 
for  the  amendment. — P.  H.  Callahan.] 


"Prejudices" 
To  the  Editor:— 

Other  letters  criticising  my  article,  were 
received  by  me,  but  can  not  be  published 
without  permission.  While  their  criticism  is 
valuable,  it  still  remains  of  the  same  character 
described  by  Edward  Keating  in  the  initial 
article, — not  based  on  the  real  issue  at  all, 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


169 


but  largely  on  distrust  and  lack  of  confidence 
in   our   fellow-citizens. 

Here,  for  instance,  are  a  few  excerpts,  re- 
sembling the  letters  addressed  to  me,  but 
from  a  recent  issue  of  The  Lamp,  one  of 
our  most  readable  Catholic  monthlies.  They 
are  fairly  representative  of  the  expressions 
of  most  Catholic  papers. 

"We  call  the  attention  of  our  Lamp  readers 
to  a  very  grave  peril  now  confronting  the 
liberties  and  the  best  interests,  not  only  of 
the-  citizens  of  the  Commonwealth  of  New 
York,  but  of  the  entire  American  Eepublic. 
This  peril  exists  in  the  form  of  a  so-called 
Child  Labor  Amendment  to  our  Federal  Con- 
stitution. ' ' 

' '  Whereas  the  literal  wording  of  the 
Amendment  grants  Federal  power  'to  limit, 
regulate  or  prohibit  the  labor  of  all  persons 
under  eighteen  years  of  age,'  in  reality  it 
covers  much  more;  for  that  language  carries 
with  it  by  implication  Federal  control  of  your 
children 's  education,  as  Avell  as  the  condition 
of  their  employment,  preventing  them  from 
working  not  only  in  factories,  but  in  their 
homes  and  on  the  farms. ' ' 

"It  is  yet  another  Act  of  Congress  calcu- 
lated to  change  our  National  Government  into 
a  highly  centralized  and  autocratic  bureau- 
cracy devouring  the  substance  of  the  people 
with  ever  increasing  taxation  and  preparing 
the  way  for  Leninism  in  the  United  States." 

After  reading  such  stuff  and  many  similar 
examples  of  gross  misinformation,  it  is  easier 
for  me  to  understand  the  bigotry,  suspicion, 
and  prejudice  of  many  Protestants  against  us. 
Our  own  provide  an  exact  parallel  both  of 
the  phenomenon  and  its  causes. 
Louisville,  Ky.  P.  H.  Callahan 


"Mr.  James  Emery" 
To  the  Editor:— 

I  was  very  glad  to  see  the  Fortnightly 
Review  give  the  advocates  of  the  Child  Labor 
Amendment  their  day  in  court,  for  here  in 
Washington  we  have  been  only  getting  the 
side  of  the  opposition. 

Another  angle  to  this  case  is  in  my  mind 
that  should  be  mentioned  in  your  independent 
journal. 

The  Queen's  Work,  published  by  Jesuits  in 
St.  Louis,  of  which  I  am  a  careful  reader, 
carried  recently  as  a  leading  article  in  op- 
position to  the  Child  Labor  Amendment  a 
paper  Mritten  by  a  James  Emery,  without 
a  word  of  explanation  as  to  the  business  or 
profession  of  Mr.  Emery.  He  is  a  professional 
lobbyist,  engaged  and  paid  a  good  salary  by 
the  National  Manufacturers'  Association  to 
defeat  legislation  of  this  kind. 

The  activities  of  James  Emery  and  his 
associates  have  been  in  unenviable  prominence 
on  several  occasions,  beginning  in  1913,  their 
efforts  being  centered  to  defeat  anything  that 
would  be  helpful  to  organized  labor,  and  in 


the  interest  of  the  National  Manufacturers' 
Association.  Emery  was  connected  with  Van 
Cleave  of  St.  Louis  in  the  famous  suit  by 
the  Bucks  Stove  Co.  to  destroy  union  labor. 

If  the  editors  in  charge  of  Catholic  papers, 
which  furnish  reading  matter  to  the  Cath- 
olic laity,  are  not  better  informed,  or  through 
a  spirit  of  unfairness  present  matters  in  this 
way,  they  sliould  be  put  to  some  other  work. 
Washington,  1).  C.  F.   S.   Sherlock 


Indulgences  and  the  Jubilee 

Under  the  title,  "The  Roman  Jubi- 
lee," Father  Herbert  Thurston,  S.  J., 
has  published  an  abridgment  of  his 
larger  Avork,  ' '  The  Holy  Year  of  Jubi- 
lee." He  has  omitted  some  contro- 
versial matter  and  added  "a  certain 
amount  of  information  of  the  guide- 
book order, ' '  which  makes  the  new  vol- 
ume a  useful  vacle  mecum  for  pilgrims 
going  to  Rome  in  the  present  anno 
santo.  Our  readers  probably  know 
that  most  indulgences  are  suspended 
during  the  jubilee  year.  Of  those  that 
are  not  suspended  the  most  important 
are:  (1)  the  plenary  indulgence  at  the 
hour  of  death;  (2)  the  indulgence  for 
saying  the  Angelus;  (3)  the  indul- 
gence for  the  Forty  Hours;  (4)  the 
Portiuncula;  (5)  the  indulgences 
which  are  granted  by  cardinal  legates, 
nuncios,  and  bishops. 

In  view  cf  the  wholesale  suspension 
of  the  ordinary  indulgences  the  ques- 
tion arises :  In  what  respect  is  the  Jubi- 
lee to  be  regarded  as  a  privilege?  Fr. 
Thurston  answers :  ' '  The  common  opin- 
ion, while  it  seems  to  regard  the  gain- 
ing of  an  ordinary  plenary  indulgence 
as  an  extremely  dilScult  task,  rarely 
accomplished  even  by  the  holiest,  looks 
upon  the  complete  remission  of  the 
Jubilee  as  much  more  easy  of  attain- 
ment by  all  who  honestly  do  their  best 
to  comply  with  the  conditions.  After 
all,  we  know  little  or  nothing,  as  the 
best  authorities  freely  confess,  about 
the  manner  in  which  indulgences  take 
effect.  It  is  quite  conceivable  that,  be- 
sides the  dispositions  of  the  penitent, 
something  also  depends  upon  the  great- 
er or  less  intensity  of  the  Pope's  desire 
to  communicate  them"  (p.  115).  He 
adds  that  since  the  time  of  Boniface 
VIII  it  has  been  the  Pope's  will  to 
grant  Jubilee  indulgences  "as  far  as 


170 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


April  15 


ever  the  power  of  the  keys  may  ex- 
tend," and  that  it  would  seem  that  the 
more  arduous  the  conditions  of  an  in- 
dulgence, the  more  likely  it  is  to  be 
srained  by  one  who  fulfils  them. 


A  Problem  in  Sacramental  Theology 

In  the  Milan  Sciiola  Cattolica 
(March,  1924)  Father  Federico  Fofi, 
Abbot  General  of  the  Canons  Regular 
of  the  Lateran,  printed  as  a  new  dis- 
covery the  text  of  the  two  Bulls  of 
Boniface  IX  to  the  Abbot  of  St.  Osyth 
(A.  D.  1400),  of  which  the  first  gives 
him  faculties  to  confer  the  priesthood 
on  his  own  subjects,  though  but  a  sim- 
ple priest  himself ;  w-hile  the  second  re- 
vokes this  privilege  because  of  a  com- 
plaint made  by  the  Bishop  of  London, 
within  whose  diocese  the  monastery  of 
St.  Osyth  w'-as  situated. 

This  is  no  very  recent  discovery,  but, 
as  the  readers  of  the  F.  R.  know,  was 
made  in  1911  and  commented  upon  in 
this  magazine  in  1917  (F.  R.,  Vol. 
XXIV,  Nos.  5  and  7).  We  said  at 
the  time  that  the  two  bulls,  being  regis- 
tered in  the  official  acts  of  the  Holy 
See  (Arch.  Vat.,  Reg.  Lat.,  CVIII,  I 
132),  were  most  likely  genuine  and 
raised  a  real  difficulty  against  the 
common  teaching  of  theologians  that 
the  sacrament  of  holy  orders  can  only 
be  conferred  by  one  enjoying  the  pleni- 
tude of  the  priesthood,  i.  e.,  a  bishop. 
We  also  expressed  the  hope  (F.  R., 
XXIV,  No.  7,  p.  104)  that  the  problem 
would  be  promptly  tackled  by  the 
theologians. 

However,  this  has  not  yet  been  the 
case  to  any  satisfactory  extent.  Abbot 
Fofi  is  the  first  theologian  to  tackle  it 
since  our  articles  were  written.  He 
admits  the  authenticity  of  the  two 
Bulls  of  Boniface  IX,  and  says  that 
while  it  is  undeniable  that,  if  the  Pope 
ever  made  such  a  concession,  it  meant 
that  he  had  the  power  to  do  so,  it  is 
difficult  to  explain  how  he  can  grant 
such  a  faculty  to  ordain  to  one  who  is 
not  himself  in  possession  of  the  pleni- 
tude of  the  priesthood.  After  dealing 
with  the  various  phases  of  the  question 
and  examining  the  different  opinions 
that   have   been   expressed   by   theolo- 


gians, he  abandons  the  senteiitia  com- 
munis and  holds  that  while  the  bishop 
is  the  ordinary  minister  of  every  order 
from  tonsure  to  the  episcopate,  a  sim- 
ple priest  may  by  pontifical  delegation 
become  extraordinary  minister  even  of 
deaeonship  and  the  priesthood. 

To  this  position  Dr.  E.  J.  O'Donnell, 
in  the  Australasian  Catholic  Record 
(Vol.  I,  No.  4)  raises  the  objection  that 
"the  power  of  ordaining  validly  is  not 
a  question  of  jurisdiction,  and  no 
pontifical  concession  will  supply  the 
deficiency  of  the  potestas  ordinis." 

Dr.  O'Donnell  himself  favors  the 
solution  adopted  by  Peseh,  Pohle,  and 
others,  that  one  pontifical  act  does  not 
solve  such  a  question  ("unum  factum 
pontificium  non  facit  legem  neque  dog- 
ma"), and  quotes  the  Revue  Thiol o- 
gique,  which  says:  "No  theologian 
claims  infallibility  for  the  Pope  in 
particular  judgments  or  particular 
laws.  Boniface  IX  was  not  infallible, 
either  directly  or  indirectly,  w^ien  he 
granted  this  extraordinary  privile-^a 
to  the  English  abbot,  and  so  the  ques- 
tion still  remains  an  open  one." 

For  the  rest,  as  the  same  theological 
review  observes,  "Sacramental  theolo- 
gy is  far  from  being  completed.  Its 
treatises  are  encumbered  with  contro- 
versies w^hich  a  priori  principles  alone 
will  never  solve.  A  serious  study  of 
hist  or}'  and  the  Patristic  texts  is  ab- 
solutely necessary,  and  every  new  docu- 
ment should  be  received  with  grati- 
tude." 


Notes  and  Gleanings 

A  recent  issue  of  the  Denver  Cath- 
olic Register  contains  a  letter  from  J. 
L.  O'Connor,  formerly  Attorney  Gen- 
eral of  AVisconsin,  regarding  his  effort 
to  exclude  sacramental  wine  from  the 
Eighteenth  Amendment.  This  amend- 
ment states  very  clearly  that  prohibi- 
tion affects  intoxicating  liquors  only 
when  used  ^'for  heverage  purposes," 
and  it  would  be  contrary  to  the  Con- 
stitution to  make  any  restrictions  what- 
ever when  they  are  used  for  other  pur- 
poses, e.  g.,  sacramental  or  medicinal. 
Hence  the  18th  amendment  seems  to 
give  adequate  protection  to  Catholics 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


171 


and  to  members  of  other  denominations 
who  use  wine  for  liturgical  purposes. 

Professor  G.  Eisen's  monograph  on 
the  Antioeh  Chalice  is  reviewed  in  a 
recent  number  (January)  of  the  Re- 
vue d'Histoire  Ecclesiastiqiie,  publish- 
ed by  the  University  of  Louvain,  by 
"R.  M." — initials  that  seem  to  stand 
for  R.  Maere,  who  has  several  other 
archeological  articles  in  the  same  num- 
ber. He  is,  not  unnaturally,  cautious 
about  a  date  ''anterieure  au  iv^  on 
tout  au  plus  au  iii^  sieele."  The 
authenticity  of  the  work,  he  says,  "ne 
parait  f aire  aucune  doute. ' '  While  his 
review  is  careful,  he  does  not  purport 
to  pass  a  definitive  judgment  on  the 
problem  of  the  Chalice. 


No.  1  of  the  Divus  Thomas,  edited 
by  the  Collegio  Alberoni  at  Piacenza, 
and  published  by  the  Casa  Editrice 
Marietti,  of  Turin,  Italy  (cfr.  F.  R., 
XXXII,  6,  pp.  113  sq.),  contains 
several  interesting  papers  on  the  rela- 
tion of  Einstein's  theory  to  the  phil- 
osophy of  St.  Thomas,  one  on  the  de- 
velopment of  dogmas,  one  on  the  ques- 
tion whether  the  Pope  can  delegate  a 
simple  priest  to  confer  deaconship  and 
the  priesthood,  etc.,  together  with  the 
usual  survey  of  current  Neo-Scholastic 
books,  pamphlets,  and  review  articles, 
and  notes  on  the  progress  of  the 
Thomistic  movement  in  different  parts 
of  the  world.  The  Divus  Thomas  now 
again  appears  quarterly.  The  subscrip- 
tion price  is  25  francs  per  annum. 
Orders  can  be  sent  through  the  B. 
Herder  Book  Co.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

The  Brothers  of  St.  Vincent  de  Paul 
this  year  celebrate  the  centenary  of 
the  birth  of  one  of  their  first  members, 
Pere  Hello  (b.  1825,  d.  1900).  He  was 
a  brother  of  the  renowned  French 
philosopher  and  essayist,  Ernest  Hello. 
Pr.  Charles  Meignen,  the  famous 
author  of  "Le  Pere  Hecker,  est-il  un 
Saint?,"  now  procurator-general  of  his 
order,  has  just  edited  a  life  of  Father 
Hello,  which,  in  conjunction  with  his 
previous  monographs  on  Jean  Leon  Le 
Prevost,  Henri  Planchat,  Clement 
Myonnet,  and  one  on  Maurice  Meignen 
which  is  to  be  published  in  the  near 


future,  contain  a  complete  history  of 
the  Society  of  the  Brothers  of  St. 
Vincent  de  Paul  (founded  March  1, 
1845).  We  are  indebted  for  this  in- 
formation to  No.  ii  of  Rome,  the  in- 
teresting French  newspaper  which 
M.  Robert  Havard  de  la  Montague 
publishes  in  the  Eternal  City  and  which 
we  can  recommend  to  those  of  our 
readers  who,  though  unable  to  read 
Italian,  wish  to  subscribe  for  a  Roman 
newspaper.  The  office  of  the  publica- 
tion is  at  69,  Place  de  la  Minerve,  and 
the  foreign  subscription  rate  is  20 
French  francs  a  vear. 


Since  the  imagined  discovery  of 
Livy's  books  last  summer  a  great  deal 
of  talk  has  been  going  on  regarding  old 
manuscripts  found  and  old  manuscripts 
to  be  searched  for.  There  is  some  sug- 
gestion that  Livy's  books  may  yet  be 
hidden  in  the  buried  city  of  Herculane- 
um,  but  the  recovery  of  this  old  Roman 
city  is  attended  by  so  many  difficulties 
that  not  much  hope  is  held  out.  It 
would  not  be  possible  to  unearth  Hercu- 
laneum  without  completely  demolish- 
ing the  two  little  towns  of  Portici  and 
Resina  which  are  built  on  its  ruins. 
From  the  little  that  has  been  uncovered 
various  treasures  in  bronze  and  marble, 
as  well  as  a  whole  library  of  papyri, 
have  come  to  light,  and  one  can  imagine 
what  a  wealth  still  lies  buried  under 
the  soil.  There  is  hardly  any  doubt 
that  many  of  the  villas  of  Herculaneum 
possessed  rich  libraries,  and  what  more 
natural  than  that  some  missing  docu- 
ments may  be  found  there  ? 

Do  not  let  us  be  misled  by  side-issues. 
The  central  issue  between  us  and  Com- 
munism is :  not  whether  production 
ought  to  be  in  the  hands  of  the  State 
or  not,  whether  wealth  should  or  should 
not  be  more  equally  divided,  still  less 
whether  some  reform  of  the  capitalist 
system  is  desirable.  On  all  those  points 
there  is  room  for  discussion.  The  cen- 
tral issue  is  whether  religion,  the  sanc- 
tity of  marriage  and  the  inviolability 
of  family  life  are  or  are  not  essential 
to  man's  well-being.  For  Catholics, 
there  can  be  but  one  answer — Yes ;  it 
has  been  proved  up  to  the  hilt  that 
Communists  answer — No.    The  conclu- 


172 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


April  15 


sion  is  ol)vious:  no  Catholic  can  be  a 
Communist. — The  Christian  Democrat, 
Vod.  V,  No.  1. 


Bishop  Henry  Grey  Graham's 
"Where  We  Got  the  Bible— Our  Debt 
to  the  Catholic  Church,"  -which  was 
first  published  in  1911  as  "a  Catholic 
contribution  to  the  tercentenary  cele- 
brations" (three  hundred  years  since 
the  appearance  of  the  King  James' 
version  of  the  English  Bible)  has  been 
re-issued  in  a  paper-covered  edition  at 
fifty  cents.  We  gladly  renew  our  pre- 
vious recommendation  of  this  scholarly 
book,  written  by  a  learned  convert 
who  has  since  been  raised  to  the  epis- 
copate. Nowhere  will  the  English 
reader  find  a  more  convincing  argu- 
ment that  it  is  to  the  Catholic  Church, 
under  God,  that  the  world  owes  the 
preservation  and  integrity  of  the  Sa- 
cred Scriptures  of  both  the  Old  and  the 
New  Testament.  "Throughout  the 
ages,  when  there  was  no  other  Church, 
she  has  preserved  them  from  error, 
saved  them  from  destruction,  multi- 
plied them  in  every  language  under 
Heaven,  and  put  them  with  the  neces- 
sarv  prudence  in  her  people's  hands." 
(B^  Herder  Book  Co.) 


There  is  to  be  a  new  edition  of  the 
works  of  Leibniz  in  40  volumes,  22  of 
which  will  contain  his  letters.  Volume 
I  has  appeared.  This  work  was  be- 
gun before  the  war,  and  was  to  have 
been  carried  out  in  conjunction  with 
the  French  Academy.  The  French 
have  now  decided  to  withdraw,  leav- 
ing the  entire  enterprise  to  the  Prus- 
sian Academy  of  Sciences. 


Manresa :  Revista  Trimestral  de  Ejer- 
cicios  (Apartado  73,  Bilbao,  Spain) 
is  a  quarterly  review  devoted  exclusive- 
ly to  the  propagation  and  explanation 
of  the  principles  and  methods  of  spir- 
ituality set  forth  by  St.  Ignatius  Loyola 
in  his  Exercises.  Its  programme  is : 
(1)  To  expound  ascetical  and  technical 
points  of  the  Exercises;  (2)  to  chron- 
icle the  forms  of  activity  in  missions, 
retreats,  etc.,  in  the  different  countries 
of  the  world;  (3)  to  indicate  books 
dealing  with  the  Exercises;  (4)  to  sup- 


ply ready  information  from  a  General 
Bureau;  (5)  to  deal  with  sundries  re- 
lating directly  or  indirectly  to  the  book 
of  Exercises.  To  lovers  of  St.  Ignatius 
and  his  method  this  review  will  be 
welcome. 


The  proper  function  of  the  State  is 
to  supervise,  co-ordinate  and  guide  the 
various  forms  of  individual  and  sec- 
tional enterprise,  but  we  have  allowed 
such  a  state  of  things  to  grow  up  that 
the  bulk  of  the  community,  divorced 
from  property,  has  sunk  to  a  quasi-elee- 
mosynary status,  to  the  detriment  both 
of  character  and  efficiency.  This  process 
will  go  on  until  we  modify  the  capitalist 
system.  If  we  are  tending  towards 
Socialism,  we  have  to  thank  for  that 
fact  the  concentration  of  wealth  in  the 
hands  of  a  comparatively  few,  due  to 
the  prevalence  of  various  forms  of 
usury.  Unref ormed,  undisciplined,  un- 
Christianized  Capitalism  is  bringing 
about  its  own  doom. — The  Month,  No. 
725,  p.  453. 

In  an  article  on  Joyce  Kilmer  in  No. 
729  of  the  Month  James  J.  Daly  refers 
to  the  strange  fact  that  Kilmer,  though 
having  a  wife  and  five  children, — one 
of  them  sick, — and  a  sixth  coming,  all 
depending  on  him  for  support,  never- 
theless volunteered  as  a  private  in  the 
AVorld  W^ar  in  1917.  Not  only  that, 
but,  ' '  once  at  the  front,  he  deliberately 
sought  the  most  perilous  employ- 
ments. "  "  There  was, ' '  says  the  writer, 
"no  urgency  for  a  sacrifice  which  in- 
volved others  as  well  as  himself."  He 
adds :  ' '  My  own  explanation,  which 
space  will  not  permit  amplifying,  is 
that  Joyce  Kilmer  acted  at  this  time 
I'rom  spiritual  motives  at  least  as  much 
as  from  patriotic  motives.  As  for  his 
family,  he  had  received  what  seemed 
to  be  the  most  reliable  assurances  that 
they  -would  be  provided  for  in  the  event 
of  his  death.  If  misunderstanding  on 
this  score  developed  afterwards,  he 
could  not  possibly  have  foreseen  it." 
This  "explanation"  leaves  the  matter 
involved  in  greater  obscurity  than  be- 
fore. Until  the  motives  of  Kilmer's 
conduct  are  fully  cleared  up,  a  shadow 
will  rest  on  his  memory. 


1925 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


173 


Correspondence 


Dante's  "Inferno"  on  the  Screen 

To  the  Editor:— 

Your  agitated  correspondent  Mr.  Alfred 
Young  (F.  E.,  No.  7.  p.  149  sq.)  needs  only 
to  see  the  film  ' '  Dante 's  Inferno  ' '  to  realize 
that  the  "pornography"  he  fears  there  is 
confined  to  the  announcements  and  advertise- 
ments. What  will  and  should  disgust  him 
with  the  film  itself  is  that  Dante 's  trans- 
cendent and  Catholic  masterwork  lias  been 
"edited"  (Heaven  save  the  mark!)  to  meet 
the  sentimental  and  comprehensive  limitations 
of  Main  Streeters,  Babbitvillians,  and  the 
"Booboisie. "  "Hell"  via  Hollywood  turns 
out  to  be  a  dull  and  depressing  spectacle, 
not  a  provocative  one. 

Possibly  this  may  be  somewhat  to  the 
good,  but  to  one  who  reveres  medieval  and 
Catholic  Art,  the  thing  becomes  a  desecration 
akin  to  bedaubing  with  cheap  advertisements 
a  noble  Gothic  cathedral. 


St.  Louis,  Mo. 


Wm.  Booth  Papin 


Dr.  J.  A.  Ryan  and  Prohibition 

To  the  Editor:— 

May  I  take  a  little  of  your  space  to  cor- 
rect a  statement  made  by  Mr.  H.  A.  Frommelt 
in  an  otherwise  excellent  article  in  the  F.  E., 
April  1?  He  says  that  "Father  Eyau  spon- 
sored the  Eighteenth  Amendment  at  the  time 
it  appealed  for  ratification."  I  have  no 
recollection  of  publicly,  or  even  privately,  ad- 
vocating the  Eighteenth  Amendment.  In 
fact,  the  only  article  that  I  remember  to 
have  written  on  any  phase  of  the  prohib- 
ition question  was  published  in  the  Fort- 
nightly Eeview,  April  1,  1916,  and  it  dealt 
with  the  general  policy,  rather  than  with  any 
specific  legislative  proposal.  In  an  article 
which  will  appear  in  the  Catholic  World  for 
May,  1925,  I  express  the  opinion  that  State 
prohibition,  or  the  Canadian  system  of  govern- 
ment operation  or  a  combination  of  both, 
according  to  the  preferences  of  the  various 
States,  would  have  been  a  better  method  of 
dealing  vsdth  the  liquor  problem  than  national 
prohibition.  During  the  years,  1917-1919, 
inclusive,  I  was  editor  of  the  CatJwlic  Charities 
Eeview.  1  find  that  I  wrote  several  news 
items  on  the  progress  of  prohibition  legisla- 
tion, but  said  nothing  on  the  merits  of  the 
Eighteenth  Amendment.  John  A.  Eyan 

Duchesne's  "Histoire  Ancienne  de  I'Eglise" 

To  the  Editor:- 

In  Vol.  31,  p.  357,  the  F.  E.  says  that 
America  should  not  have  withheld  from  its 
readers  the  information  that  Msgr.  Duchesne 's 
"Histoire  Ancienne  de  I'Eglise"  is  on  the 
Index  of  Forbidden  Books.  In  a  lengthy . 
review  on  Msgr.  Duchesne  and  his  work  which 
appeared  recently  in  the  Catholic  Historical 


Beview  I  read  (January,  1925,  p.  605)  :  "The 
Histoire  Ancienne  de  I'Eglise  caused  some 
sensation,  for  in  its  Italian  translation  it  was 
placed  on  the  Index  until  certain  modifica- 
tions had  been  made  by 'the  author." 

Who  can  give  reliable  information  as  to 
the  following:  (1)  What  were  the  "certain 
modifications"  which  were  demanded  for  that 
Italian  translation?  (2)  Have  those  modifica- 
tions been  made?  (3)  Is  it  only  the  Italian 
translation  Avhieh  is  condemned,  or  does  the 
condemnation  affect  the  French  original  as 
well?  Enquirer 

[It  was  not  the  Italian  translation  of  Msgr. 
Duchesne 's  ' '  Histoire  Ancienne  de  1  'Eglise ' ' 
which  was  put  on  the  Index  in  1912,  but  the 
French  original.  That  this  prohibition  had 
not  been  revoked  up  to  1924,  is  plain  from 
the  latest  edition  of  the  ' '  Index  Librorum 
Prohibitorum, "  Eome,  1924,  p.  83,  which 
contains  this  entry :  ' '  Duchesne,  Louis.  Hi- 
stoire Ancienne  de  1 'eglise.  Deer.  22  ian. 
1912. ' '  We  are  sorry  to  say  that  the  Catholic 
Historical  Review  is  no  longer  as  reliable  as 
it  used  to  be  Avhen  Dr.  Guilday  was  the  editor. 
— Editor  F.  E.] 


The  Origin  of  Printing 

To  the  Editor:  — 

I  read  with  keen  interest  the  short  note 
on  Dr.  Thos.  Carter's  studies  regarding  the 
origin  of  paper  and  printing  (F.  E.,  Vol. 
XXXII,  No.  5,  p.  104).  The  facts  instanced 
have  been  known  for  some  time  (cf.  F.  E., 
Vol.  XX,  March  15,  1913,  pp.  163  sq.),  but 
the  conclusions  Dr.  Carter  jumps  at  are  still 
greatly  debatable.  The  learned  Doctor  es- 
tablishes a  real  dependence  between  European 
and  Chinese  printing.  Yet  scholars  are  pretty 
much  convinced  that  printing  was  invented 
independently  of  the  earlier  Chinese  inven- 
tion in  Europe  by  Gutenberg. 

Opinions  are  divided  on  the  origin  of  xylo- 
graphy or  plate-printing  in  the  Chinese 
fashion.  According  to  the  better  view,  xylo- 
graphy has  been  practiced  in  Europe  only 
since  the  invention  of  typography  or  printing 
from  movable  type.  The  latest  work  upon 
this  subject,  by  Gottfried  Zedler  ("Von 
Coster  zu  Gutenberg,"  Leipzig,  1921)  did 
not  clear  up  matters,  but  rather  confused  them 
still  more. 

However,  single  lines  had  been  printed 
centuries  before  a  book  issued  from  the  print- 
ing press.  Scholars  have  been  acquainted 
with  many  instances  where  lines  of  words  had 
been  printed  with  movable  type  in  Germany 
at  the  opening  of  the  15th  century.  x\ccord- 
ingly  they  placed  the  invention  of  such  print- 
ing into  this  period.  In  1922,  however,  a 
German  scholar.  Dr.  Funk,  discovered  a  speci- 
men of  typography  dating  from  the  beginning 
of  the  12th  century.  In  the  Abbey  Church  at 
Pruef  ening,  near  Eatisbon,  is  preserved  a  slab 
set  up  in  commemoration  of  the  dedication 
of  that  church  on  May  12,  1119.  The  monks 
practiced  the   art   of  printing   in   impressing 


174 


THE  FOETXIGHTLY  REVIEW 


April  15 


words  upon  this  slab;  they  east  types  and 
impressed  the  letters  with  these  types  into 
an  originally  soft  substance,  which  later 
hardened.  This  is  tlie  oldest  example  of 
Ijrinting  from  movable  types  in  Europe.  Even 
Dr.  Carter  admits  that  at  that  time  the  knowl- 
edge of  Chiaese  printing  had  not  yet  reached 
Europe.  May  be  he  Avill  make  his  Chinese 
invention  travel  faster  into  Europe,  so  that 
the  Benedictine  monks  at  Pruefening  could 
be  regarded  as  pupils  of  the  Chinese. 

(Rev.)   J.  M.  Lenhart,  0.  M.  Cap. 
Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Lay    Participation    in    the    Mass 

To  the  Editor:  — 

Kindly  allow  me  to  make  some  remarks  on 
the  article  by  K.  in  the  April  1st  issue  of 
the  F.  R.  on  "  Lay  Participation  ia  the 
Mass."  I  must  say  that  I  was  somewhat 
disappointed  at  what  your  correspondent  had 
to  say,  after  1  read  the  heading  of  his 
article.  We  know  that  the  Mass  is  the  con- 
tinuation of  the  Sacrifice  of  the  Cross,  that 
it  is  through  the  Mass  that  it  becomes  possible 
for  all  of  us  to  '  *  eat  His  flesh  and  drink 
His  blood."  Without  the  Mass  this  com- 
mand of  Jesus, — without  the  fulfilling  of 
which.  He  says,  Ave  cannot  have  life  in  us, — 
is  impossible,  as  far  as  we  know.  At  any 
rate  the  Saviour  has  instituted  the  Mass  for 
that  purpose.  For  that  purpose  He  said  the 
first  Mass.  The  liturgy  surrounding  His 
Mass  was  rather  short,  but,  for  all  that,  we 
have  the  same  Mass  now.  The  Church  may 
change  the  liturgy  or  add  to  it,  as  she  has 
repeatedly  done.  Noav,  the  liturgy  of  the  Mass 
is  quite  elaborate  and  most  beautiful.  No 
doubt,  in  years  gone  by,  when  Latin  was 
understood  by  the  lay  people,  they  partici- 
pated in  the  liturgy  more  than  now.  But  to 
say  that  the  people  do  wrong  when  they  as- 
sist at  Mass  and  at  the  same  time  occupy 
their  mind  with  devout  thoughts,  seems  be- 
side the  point.  One  would  rather  expect 
the  author  to  say  that  people  who  assist  at 
Mass  without  receiving  Communion,  are  doing 
tlie  wrong  thing,  unless  they  are  legitimately 
impeded. 

The  com^^arison  with  May  devotion  is  be- 
side the  point.  If  I  go  to  May  devotion, 
I  know  that  I  go  to  honor  Mary,  to  occupy 
my  mind  with  a  devotion  to  the  Mother  of 
God;  for  this  is  the  object  of  May  devo- 
tions. .  But  when  I  go  to  Mass,  I  sliould  know 
that  I  go  to  a  Sacrifice  which  connects  me 
with  that  on  the  Cross,  and  enables  me  to 
complete  the  Sacrifice  of  Calvary  by  partaking 
of  it,  by  consuming  it; — in  short,  I  go  to 
INIass  in  order  to  go  to  Holy  Communion, 
unless  I  have  a  legitimate  excuse,  and  even 
then  I  should  not  assist  without  making  a 
spiritual  Communion,  for  Mass  exists  for 
Comnumion.  Without  Communion  Mass  has 
no  reason  to  exist,  without  Communion 
through  the  Mass  even  the  Sacrifice  on  the 
Cross  would  be  incomplete,  as  far  as  we  in- 


dividuals are  concerned.  Mass  enables  us 
to  complete  the  Sacrifice  of  the  Cross  by 
consuming  the  Victim. 

Hence  lay  participation  in  the  Mass  is 
none  otlier  than  actual  Communion,  or  at 
least  spiritual  Communion  for  those  who  are 
excused. 

It  is  too  bad  indeed  that  the  lay  people 
cannot  be  induced  to  actually  participate 
in  the  liturgy  of  the  Church  surrounding  the 
Mass.  We  all  know  why  the  Cliurch  has  and 
keeps  her  official  language.  Besides,  she  does 
not  seem  to  Avant  the  people  to  participate 
in  all  of  the  prayers,  for  most  of  them  are 
said  by  the  priest  in  such  a  low  voice  that 
even  those  nearby  do  not  hear  him.  And 
why  should  he  say  them  aloud?  He  is  talking 
to  God.  Let  the  people,  if  they  want  to 
follow  him,  read  the  translations  of  them  in 
their  prayer  books,  or  else  let  them  con- 
centrate their  mind  upon  the  main  object  of 
Mass,  which  is  Communion.  Few  of  them 
will  realize  that  the  Mass  is  a  sacrifice  con- 
nected with  that  on  the  Cross ;  but  all  of  them 
will  easily  understand  that  in  order  to  partici- 
pate in  it  properly,  they  should  go  to  Com- 
munion and  have  their  minds  on  this.  A  per- 
son who  assists  at  Mass  fasting  and  Avithout 
a  mortal  sin  on  his  soul,  and  does  not  go  to 
Communion,  no  matter  hoAV  Avell  he  imagines 
he  f  olloAvs  the  liturgy  of  the  Church,  does  not 
assist  at  Mass  properly.  A  Priest 


The  "Leakage"  Problem   Again 

To  the  Editor:  — 

The  late  Maurice  Francis  Egan,  in  an 
article  "Some  Leakages  from  the  Church" 
{America,  August  11th,  1923)  AATote:  "In 
every  large  city  Avhich  I  have  lately  Adsited 
there  is  a  fringe  of  Catholics,  not  Avell  in- 
structed, it  is  true,  Avho  had  given  up  their 
Church  and  its  exactions  for  'the  Book' 
[Christian  Science].  *  *  *  Those  I  haA'e  met 
liad  acquired  a  smattering  of  the  Little 
Catechism,  kncAv  nothing  of  the  mystic  or 
the  beauty  of  the  Church  and  had  no  idea 
Avhatever  of  the  symbolism  of  her  services. 
Christian  Science  Avould  have  had  no  attrac- 
tion for  them  Avhatever  if  they  had  learned 
anything  concerning  the  Catholic  Church,  ex- 
cept certain  formal  rules,  Avhich  for  a  time 
they  applied  Avithout  in  the  least  understand- 
ing the  spirit  beneath  them.  They  have  *  *  * 
a  longing  for  peace — for  a  calming  philosophy 
of  everyday  life,  and  for  a  solution  of  the 
problem  of  the  existence  of  pain  and  sorroAV. 
It  may  seem  censorious  to  say  that  this  con- 
dition of  soul  and  mind  is  largely  due  to  the 
Avay  in  Avhich  Ave  Catholics  present  the  teach- 
ings of  the  Church  .  .  .  Catholics  ought  to  be- 
lieve that  they  must  deal  frankly  Avith  facts. 
They  must  accept  facts,  and  facts  that  are 
destructive  to.  some  of  their  cherished  delu- 
sions. Everything  is  not  right  with  the  Avorld, 
provided  that  a  sufficient  number  of  cathedrals 
are  built  ....  If  the  Catholic  Church  is  losing 
groups  of  fairly  intelligent  people  the  reason 


1925 


THE  FOETXIGHTLY  EEYIEW 


175 


is,  as  I  have  said,  not  in  the  bad  faith  of 
these  people  or  in  their  hatred  of  trutli,  but 
because  their  education  has  not  fitted  them 
to  understand  that  the  Church  contains  all 
thev  are  searching  for .  .  . . " 

Now,  this  may  be  an  illuminating  illustra- 
tion of  the  truth  of  the  saying  that  ' ' fools 
rush  in  where  angels  fear  to  tread,"  but  may 
one  be  permitted  to  suggest  that  the  ser- 
mons and  instructions  given  at  our  religious 
services  might  be  more  efficacious,  while  fully 
retaining  their  Catholicity,  towards  imparting 
a.  clearer  knowledge  of  our  faith,  not  only 
as  the  certain  means  of  eternal  salvation,  but 


WM.  KLOER 


Church  Decorator 


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a  position  in  a  Catholic  church.  Keferences 
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Eevieav. 


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also  as  tlie  depository  of  lasting  peace,  wis- 
dom,  joy,   and   beauty? 

Does  not  the  ' '  fringe  of  fairly  intelligent, 
poorly  instiucted"  perverts  to  Christian 
Science  from  the  Church,  mentioned  by  Mr. 
Egan,  imply  a  much  greater  body  of  apathetic, 
indifferent,  nominal  Catholics,  who  retain  the 
name,  but  rarely,  if  ever,  attend  religious 
services  though  expecting  to  die  in  the  faith? 
Does  it  not  include  some  who  still  hold  a 
remnant  of  the  faith  from  the  teaching  or 
environment  of  childhood  or  who  lack  the 
conviction  or  decision  to  embrace  the  religions 
of  the  sects?  But  what  of  the  children  of 
such  people?  They  lack  even  the  meagre 
home  religious  influences  ^vhich  surrounded 
Iheir  parents  and  are  confronted  daily  with 
every  j^ossible  instrumentality  for  the  destruc- 
tion of  all  religious  belief. 

Does  not  this  largely  account  for  the  leak- 
ages from  the  Church  as  shown  by  the  numer- 
ous distinctly  Catholic  names  in  the  West 
and  South  now  strongly  identified  with  the 
Church's  opponents?  What  Catholic  is  not 
aware  of  parallel  local  cases? 

When  a  priest  makes  the  usual  announce- 
ments, followed  by  the  reading  of  the  gospel 
for  that  particular  Sunday  with  comment  or 
sermon,  in  matter  and  language  practically 
similar  to  that  of  each  preceding  year,  and  of 
which  the  first  impressions  were  made  upon 
immature  minds  in  childhood,  can  mere  re- 
petition have  the  desired  impressive  affect? 
In  these  days  of  movies,  illustrated  papers, 
Sunda}'  paper  science,  evolution-sex  novelists, 
pagan  college  instructors,  circus-method  re- 
ligionists, and  radio  philosophers,  can  such 
stereotyped  methods  be  depended  on  to  in- 
cite Christian  reflection  and  to  exercise  a 
controlling  infiuence  in  moulding  minds  and 
directing  thought?  Is  it  not  true  that  many 
devout  Catholics  give  an  onlooker  the  im- 
pression of  merely  accepting  or  performing 
an  unpleasant  if  not  depressing  duty?  Could 
not  a  little  more  of  the  positive,  fervent, 
joyous  spirit  of  a  St.  Francis  or  of  the 
' '  Little  Flower ' '  be  instilled  into  our  good 
Catholics  and  exhibited  to  our  separated 
brethren  with  benefit  to  all? 

While  admitting  its  possible  presumption, 
observation  and  reflection  has  inclined  the 
writer  to  believe  that  one  year  out  of  every 
three  or-  four,  each  Sunday  could  be  profitably 
devoted  to  a  discourse  on  one  or  more  of 
the  Ten  Commandments;  the  Commandments 
of  the  Church ;  the  Seven  Sacraments ;  the 
seven  Deadly  Sins;  the  seven  Gifts  of  the 
Holy  Ghost ;  the  Eight  Beatitudes ;  the  origin, 
uses,  and  blessings  of  the  Holy  Eosary ; 
Sacred  Badges,  Medals,  Novenas,  and  the 
Sacramentals — the  why  of  their  promulga- 
tion, existence  or  bestowal  on  mankind;  a 
detailed  illustration  of  their  meaning ;  their 
personal  application  and  relation  to  each  in- 
dividual; and  outstanding  historical  exam- 
ples of  the  effect  of  conformity  to,  or  defiance 
of,  divine  laws  and  graces  in  the  case  of 
each?     Could  not  the  Church's  pre-eminence 


176 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


April  15 


in  fostering,  developing  and  making  use  of 
all  the  arts,  music,  painting,  sculpture,  archi- 
tecture, poetry,  eloquence,  color  and  form  be, 
on  festival  occasions  at  least,  generally  dwelt 
on  to  advantage? 

This  is  merely  a  layman's  idea  of  what 
might  be  done  toward  substituting  a  positive, 
clieerful,  abiding  realization  of  the  eternal 
truth  and  beauty  of  our  holy  religion  to  be 
reflected  in  the  speech  and  demeanor  of  the 
normal  American  Catholic  in  the  future,  for 
the  misunderstood,  explaining,  defending, 
trial-burdened  Catholic  as  he  often  appears 
to-day.  Maurice  Laughlin 

Ishpeming,  Mich. 


Excerpts    from     Letters 

T  wish  to  join  the  ranks  of  those  of  your 
subscribers  who  have  accepted  the  slight  raise 
in  the  subscription  price  so  cheerfully.  Per- 
sonally I  must  say  I  would  miss  a  good, 
prudent,  and  inspiring  companion  if  your 
valiant  and  instructive  Eeview  ceased  to  ap- 
pear. God  bless  you,  Mr.  Preuss,  and  ad 
multos  annos  for  the  F.  E. !  —  {Rev.)  Edir. 
A.  Koivaletvski,  South  Chicago,  III. 

How  haphazardly  are  the  religious  wants 
and  needs  of  our  people  supplied  at  times! 
The  idea  has  often  occurred  to  me  that  m 
some  dioceses  an  efficiency  expert  would  not 
be  out  of  place  to  survey  the  religious  needs 
and  conditions  of  our  people  from  an  eitirely 
unselfish  point  of  view.  We  all  realize  that 
it  is  often  physically  impossible  for  those 
in  authority,  with  the  multiplicity  of  ques- 
tions and  work  which  confronts  them,  to 
satisfy  all  legitimate  wants.  In  some  dioceses 
there  are  boards  for  this  and  for  that  pur- 
pose; committees  appointed  to  do  this  work 
and  that  work;  but  membership  seems  to  be 
mostly  of  an  honorary  nature  and  as  a  con- 
sequence the  practical  value  of  these  boards 
and  committees  as  a  rule  is  small. — Spectator. 

May  God  bless  and  reward  you  for  the  sac- 
rifices you  have  made  and  are  still  making  for 
the  cause  of  Church  and  country  through  your 
most  valuable  contributions,  most  of  all 
through  the  Fortnightly  Review.  I  never 
fail  to  peruse  the  little  magazine  from  cover 
to  cover  and  whenever  an  opportunity  pre- 
sents itself,  direct  the  attention  of  my  ac- 
quaintances to  the  treasures  found  in  its 
columns.  Owing  to  damnable  apathv  towards 
the  reading  of  serious  literature,  even  among 
those  who  are  called  to  be  leaders  of  God's 
armies  against  the  legions  of  Satan,  efforts 
of  said  kind  meet  with  but  little  success.  It 
affords  me,  therefore,  all  the  more  pleasure  to 
be  in  a  position  to  enclose  a  check,  for  which 
you  will  please  credit  the  parties  mentioned 
on  the  enclosed  list  with  a  two-years'  sub- 
scription each  to  the  F.  R.  Wishing  you  con- 
tinued success  in  your  strenuous  efforts  for 
the  good  cause,  I  am,  etc. —  (Rev.)  Godfrey 
Hoelters,  0.  F.  M.,  St.  Joseph'.^  Hospital,  San 
Franci.^co  Cal. 


SECOND  HAND  BOOKS  FOR  SALE 

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Gabriel,  Hy.  A.  (S.  J.).  An  Eight  Days' 
Retreat.  3rd  Ed.,  rewritten  and  en- 
larged.     St.   Louis,   1925.      $1.50. 

Kelley,  F.  C,  Bishop.  The  Epistles  of 
Father  Timothy  to  His  Parishioners.  Chi- 
cago, 1924.    $1.25. 

Esser,  F.  X.  (S.  J.).  Zepter  und  Schliissel 
in  der  Hand  des  Priesters.  60  cts.  Frei- 
burg i.  B.     1924.     60cts. 

Sayings  of  S.  Catherine  of  Siena,  Arranged 

for   Every   Day   of    the   Year.  With   an 

Introductory    Essay   by    Abbot  Ford,    0. 
S.  B.  London,  1924.     $1.25. 

Sehreiner,  Geo.  A.  The  Craft  Sinister.  A 
Diplomatico-Political  History  of  The 
Great  War   and   its  Causes.  N.  Y.,   1920. 

$2. 

McCann,  Alfred,  The  Science  of  Eating. 
N.   Y.,   1919.  $1. 

Burch  and  Paterson.  American  Social  Prob- 
lems. An  Introduction  to  the  Study  of 
Society.  N.  Y^,  191S.  $1. 

Husselein,  Jos.  (S.  J.).  Democratic  Indus- 
try. A  Practical  Study  in  Social  History. 
N.   Y.,   1919.   $1. 

Latini,  Jos.  luris  Criminalis  Philosophici 
Summa  Lineamenta.  Turin,  1924.  50 
cts.      (Wrapper). 

Herwegen,  lid.  Der  Weg  der  Kirche  im  hi. 
Jahr  1925.     Ratisbon,  1925.  50  cts. 

Rosenberg,  H.  Die  Hymnen  des  Breviers  in 
Urform  und  neuen  deutschen  Nachdich- 
tungen.  Zweite  (Schluss-)  Abteilmig. 
Freiburg  i.  B.,  1924.  80  cts.' 

The  "Practice"  of  Mother  Clare  Fey, 
Foundress  of  the  Congr.  of  the  Poor  Child 
Jesus.  A  Guide  to  a  More  Close  Union 
with  God.     London,  1925.  $1. 

Mary  Elizabeth  Townley,  in  Religion  Sister 
Marie  des  Saintes  Anges.  A  IMemoir  with 
a  Preface  by  the  Bp.  of  Southwark.  Lon- 
don,  1924.   $2. 

Ude,  J.  Das  Wirtschaftsideal  des  Volks- 
und  Staatshaushaltes.  Graz  &  Wien, 
1924.    $1.    (Wrapper). 

Pohle-Preuss,  Soteriology.  4th  ed.  St. 
Louis,   1923.     $1. 

Ude,  Joh.  Ethik.  Leitfaden  der  natiirlich- 
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THE  FOETNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


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lus     Publicum     Ecclesisisticuni 

Dr.  Matthaeus  Conte  a  Coronata,  O.  M.  C, 
is  already  known  to  the  readers  of  the  F.  R. 
His  writings  are  solid  and  pleasing  in  style, 
even  if  one  can  not  agree  with  him  in  every 
detail.  Thus  we  do  not  understand  why,  in 
his  new  "lus  Publicum  Ecclesiasticum " 
(Marietti,  Turin)  the  Pontes  luris  should  be 
placed  at  the  end  of  the  volume,  while  the 
notio  i'uris,  etc.,  are  treated  at  the  beginning. 
The  whole  division  seems  to  lack  organic  unity. 
The  three  principal  parts  are :  ius  internum, 
ius  externum,  ius  speciale,  which  division  seems 
to  indicate  that  the  author  has  not  fully 
mastered  his  subject.  The  Code  contains 
little  about  the  ius  puMicum,  but  what  it 
contains  admits  of  proper  co-ordination.  The 
author  holds  to  the  bilateral  character  of 
concordats,  though  in  a  wider  sense.  I  must 
stick  to  my  explanation  of  immunity  referred 
to  in  can.  1160,  as  Blat  also  does;  the  text 
seems  perfectly  clear  on  this  point.  And 
what  I  said  in  Vol.  II,  p.  65  of  my  Com- 
mentary, concerning  personal  immunity,  still 
holds  good,  provided  it  is  properly  understood. 
I  neither  deny  nor  affirm  the  ius  divinum, 
because  I  could  not  find  any  definition  or  de- 
cision of  the  Church  which  Avould  guarantee 
such  a  divine  law  or  right. 

Here  let  me  ask  a  cpiestion:  If  personal 
imnmnity  is  of  clearly  divine  right,  why  was 
it  that  some  French  bishops  and  priests  hur- 
ried from  their  missions  to  fight  for  their 
country?  And  why  is  it  that  there  was  such 
pronounced  animosity  against  Catholic  Austria 
even  in  the  Apostolic  Chancery?  Festina 
lente ! 

These  remarks  should  not,  however,  deter 
the  reader  from  a  careful  perusal  of  the 
volume,  which  is  well  written  and  clearly 
printed,  though  the  small  type  appears  really 
just  a  little  bit  too  small. 

Fr.  Charles  Augustine,  O.  S.  B. 


Literary  Briefs 

—"The  World's  Debt  to  the  Catholic 
Church,"  by  Dr.  James  J.  Walsh  (Boston: 
The  Stratford  Co.,),  tells  briefly  and  in  pop- 
ular style  how  the  Catholic  Church  has  foster- 
ed the  arts,  architecture,  painting,  sculpture, 
and  music,  and  the  making  of  useful  things 
beautiful,  which  we  call  the  arts  and  crafts. 
It  also  takes  up  the  achievements  of  the 
Church  in  religion,  charity,  education,  schol- 
arship, law,  literature,  jDhilosophy,  physical 
science,  surgery,  medicine,  and  in  fostering 
men  of  world-wide  influence.  It  is  indeed  a 
great  debt  which  the  modern  world  owes  to 
the  Church  of  Christ — greater  than  it  can 
ever  hope  to  repay.  Dr.  Walsh's  book  will  do 
nuich  towards  making  Catholics  and  non- 
Catholics  alike  realize  this  debt  and  the  duty 
that    devolves    on    all    of    us    because    of    it. 


THE  FOBTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


April  15 


Do  You  Contemplate 

a  New  Church  or  School? 

Our  Architectural  Department  is  especially  qualified  to  serve  you.  Mr.  Louis 
Preuss  is  in  charge  of  this  department.  He  is  of  mature  years.  His  knowledge  of 
architecture  rests  not  alone  on  his  practical  training  and  European  studies,  but 
also  on  many  years  of  experience  in  prominent  architectural  offices  and  in  the 
practice  of  architecture  under  his  own  name.  His  early  training,  the  knowledge 
gained  in  his  studies  abroad,  and  his  wide  experience  unquestionably  place  Mr. 
Preuss  in  the  foremost  rank  of  American  architectural  designers,  especially  for 
religious   art. 

Widmer  Engineers  render  such  cooperation  as  is  necessary  to  the  Architectural 
Department,  and  Widmer  field  forces  are  at  your  disposal  if  you  desire  them.  Thus, 
one  master  organization  may  handle  your  entire  project. 

Our  method  of  operating  not  only  tends  towards  efficiency  through  quick 
completion  of  your  building,  but  also  eliminates  pyramiding  of  architects',  engi- 
neers', sub-contractors'  and  general  contractors'  fees.  It  centralizes  the  re- 
sponsibility. It  effects  substantial  savings.  The  cost  of  your  building  can  be  guaran- 
teed before  you  start. 

An  interview  involves  no  obligation.      Write  or  telephone  us. 

WIDMER  ENGINEERING  CO. 

Architects  —  Engineers 
LACLEDE  GAS  BLDG.  ^  ST.  LOUIS,  MO. 


We  have  not  many  popular  books  of  this 
kind  in  English  and  those  that  Ave  have  should 
be  more  extensively  circulated. 

— Herder  &  Co.,  of  Freiburg  i.  B.,  have 
added  to  their  collection  of  pontifical  docu- 
ments the  ' '  Indictio  Universalis  lubilaei  An- 
ni  Sancti  MCMXXV, "  together  with  the 
Apostolic  Constitutions  ' '  Ex  quo  primum, ' ' 
' '  Si  unquani  alias, ' '  and  ' '  Apostolieo  mu- 
neri, "  all  pertaining  to  the  jubilee.  The 
Latin  text  is  accompanied  by  an  authorized 
German  translation. 

— ' '  Talks  With  Our  Daughters, ' '  by  Sister 
M.  Eleanore,  C.  S.  C,  Ph.  T).,  is  a  cheery 
appeal  to  Catholic  girls  to  hold  fast  to  the 
n)oorings  of  true  Avomanhood  as  well  as  to 
realize  the  latent  possibilities  for  good  with- 
in them  and  to  draw  them  out  to  their  full 
fruitage.  It  is  a  plea  for  Christian  ideals 
at  a  time  when  these  ideals  are  in  danger  of 
being  lost.  Parents  and  teachers  will  make 
no  mistake  if  they  place  this  beautifully 
printed  booklet  into  the  hands  of  their  daugh- 
ters or  pupils.  It  will  make  a  fine  Christmas 
or   birthday   present.      (Benziger   Bros.) 

— Vol.  XII  of  Abbot  Herwegen's  collec- 
tion, ' '  Ecclesia  Orans, ' '  completes  Dr.  Hans 
Rosenberg's  "Die  Hynmen  des  Breviers  in 
Urform  und  neuen  deutschen  Nachdichtun- 
gen, ' '  the  first  installment  of  which  was  re- 
commended in  the  F.  R.  not  long  ago.     We 


have  here  the  hymns  of  the  Proper  of  the 
Saints,  with  an  appendix  on  the  sequences 
of  the  Missal.  The  author  has  added  a  very 
instructive  "  Vorbemerkung "  (pp.  1-15),  a 
short  bibliographv,  and  manv  useful  notes. 
(Herder). 

— A  new,  extensively  improved  and  care- 
fully revised  edition  has  appeared  of 
Devivier-Sasia  's  well  known  and  highly  es- 
teemed work,  ' '  Christian  Apologetics, ' '  which 
the  subtitle  aptly  describes  as  "a  rational 
exposition  and  defense  of  the  Catholic  re- 
ligion." ^  The  vast  field  of  apologetics  is 
dealt  with  under  these  headings:  God,  His 
Existence,  His  Nature  or  Essence;  The 
Human  Soul;  The  Christian  Religion;  The 
Sacred  Scriptures;  The  Divinity  of  the  Chris- 
tian Religion.;  The  Catholic  Church,  its  pre- 
rogatives, some  of  the  accusations  brought 
against  it,  and  its  relation  to  modern  civili- 
zation. In  Avideness  of  range  and  com- 
pleteness this  two-volume  handbook  surpasses 
any  other  Avork  of  the  kind  in  English. 
(Joseph  r.  Wagiier,  Inc.) 

— ' '  Communion  Devotions  for  Religious, ' ' 
by  tlie  Sisters  of  Notre  Dame,  of  Cleveland, 
O.,  contains  preparations  and  thanksgivings 
for  the  daily  use  of  members  of  all  religious 
communities.  It  is  a  book  which,  in  the  words 
of  Fr.  Le  Buffe,  S.  J.,  AA'ho  contributes  the 
preface,  "ought  to  help  many  to  draw  near 
to  Christ."   (Benziger  Bros.) 


1925 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


179 


The  End   of  the  World 

Is  the  end   of  the  world  near  at 
hand,. or  is  the  talk  we  hear  on  the 

subject   simply   a   wild    theory? a 

theory  which  may  float  for  a  while 
on  the  surface  of  the  mind,  like  an 
iceberg  in  the  ocean,  but  in  the  end 
is  sure  to  melt  before  the  effulgent 
rays  of  reason  and  revelation? 
Read    Rev.    E.    S.    Berry's,    D.    D.,    book 

"The  Apocalypse  of  St.  John" 
$1.50  per  copy 


For  sale  at   all  Catholic   book   stores  and 
by   the   Publisher 

JOHN  W.  WINTERICH,  cleve'lanT  o. 


New  Books  Received 


A  Catholic  newspaper  of  superior 
merit,  which  appeals  to  readers  outside 
of  its  own  local  environment.  It  eon- 
tains  a  great  deal  of  information  which 
will  not  be  found  in  any  other  paper. 

Father  F.  Eonibouts,  of  New  Orleans, 
says  in  the  Dec.  15,  1924,  issue  of  the 
Foi-tnightly  Review.  "First  the  F.  E., 
second  The  Echo — and  all  the  rest  is 
simply  filling. ' ' 


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THE  ECHO 

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Vie  Hausschatzhilcher.  Fine  Sammlung  von 
Eomanen  und  Erzahlungen  hervorragender 
moderner  und  alterer  Autoren.  31.  Ernst 
Jahn,  der  Biisser;  32.  Louise  von  Franqois, 
Judith,  die  Kluswirtin;  33.  I.  Turgenieff, 
Susannas  Geheimnis  und  die  Abenteuer  des 
Leutnants ;  34.  L.  Anzengruber,  Sieben 
Meistererzahlungen ;  35.  Karl  Linzen,  Die 
Glaskugel,  Die  sechste  Stunde,,  und  Janko 
der  Slowak;  3(3.  J.  von  Eichendorff,  Aus 
dem  Leben  eines  Taugenichts  und  Die 
Gliieksritter ;  37.  Al.  Puschkin,  Die 
Hochzcit  im  Schneesturm  und  andere 
Xovellen;  38.  Marie  v.  Hutten,  Der  im- 
mergriine  Kranz ;  39.  Taras  Bulba,  ein 
Kosakenroman;  40.  Anton  Hofer,  Der 
Buckelsehneider,  Der  Knecht  von  Hinter- 
stubb  und  Petrine  Weil;  41.  Fr.  v.  Gaudy, 
Venezianische  Novellen.  Verlag  Joseph 
Kosel  &  Fr.  Pustet  K.-G.,  Eegensburg.  1 
gold  mark  each. 

Die  Fvpsken  der  Sixtinisclten  Kapellc  und 
Faffaels  Freslcen  in  den  Stanzen  vnd  den 
Loggien  des  Vatikans.  Besehrieben  und 
erklart  von  Ludwig  Freiherrn  von  Pastor. 
Mit  5  Tafeln.  3  69  pp.  16mo.  Herder  &  Co. 
$1.20   net. 

Anton  de  Waal's  Bompilger:  Wegweiser  su 
den  HeiJigtumern  und  Sehensiviirdglceiten 
der  etvigen  Stadt  sotvie  der  tedeutendsten 
Stddte  Italiens.  Zehnte  Auflage,  neu 
bearbeitet  von  Dr.  J.  P.  Kirsch.  Mit  21 
Planen  und  Kiirtchen,  einer  Eisenbahnkarte 
von  Italien,  eineni  grossen  Plane  von  Eoni 
und  83  Bildren.     Herder  Sc  Co.  $2.-50. 

SSmi.  Dmi.  Nostri  Pii  PP.  XI  Indictio  et 
Constitutiones  A-postolioae  De  Universali 
luMlaeo  Anni  Sancti  MCMXXV.  ("Autoris- 
ierte  Ausgabe ;  Lateinischer  und  deutscher 
Text).  59  pp.  8vo.  Herder  &  Co.  45  cts 
(Wrapper). 

Tlie  Tioman  Jutilee:  History  and  Ceremonial. 
An  Abridgment  of  "The  Holy  Year  of 
Jubilee,"  by  Herbert  Thurston,  S.  J.  Il- 
lustrated from  Contemporary  Engravings 
and  Other  Sources,  xv  &  206  pp.  12mo. 
Sands  &  Co.,  and  B.  Herder  Book  Co.  $2.25 
net. 

The  Mystical  State — Its  Nature  and  Phases. 
By  Auguste  Saudreau,  Hon.  Canon  of 
Angers.  Translated  by  D.  B.  M.  xvi  &  204 
pp.  12mo.  Benziger  Bros.  $2.25  net. 

The  "Practice"  of  Mother  Clare  Fey,  Found- 
ress of  the  Congregation  of  the  Poor  Child, 
Jesus.  A  Guide  to  a  IMore  Close  Union  with 
the  God  of  Our  Altars.  Translated  by  a 
Member  of  the  Congregation,  vii  &  77  pp. 
16mo.  Burns,  Oates  &  Washbourne  and  B. 
Herder  Book  Co.  $1.25. 

Constitivtion  of  the  Church  in  the  Neio  Code 
of  Canon  Law.  (Lib.  II,  can.  215-486). 
By  V.  Eev.  H.  A.  Ayrinhac,  S.  S.  378  pp. 
8vo.  New  York:  Blase  Benziger  &  Co.,  Inc. 
$3  net. 


180 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


April  15 


A  SPRINKLE  OF  SPICE 


Jolninie  was  gaziiijo-  at  his  one-day-old 
brother,  who  lay  squealing  and  yelling  in  his 
cot.  "Has  he  come  from  Heaven?"  inquir- 
ed Johnnie.  "Yes,  dear."  "No  wonder 
they  put  him  out.' ' 

An  enterprising  press  clipping  bureau  not 
long  ago  addressed  a  letter  to  "M.  Guy  de 
Maupassant,  care  of  Alfred  A.  Knopf,"  the 
New  Y'ork  publisher,  soliciting  his  account 
for  clippings.  If  Mr.  Knopf  doesn't  know 
the  present  address  of  M.  de  Maupassant, 
he  might  forward  the  letter  in  care  of  Sir 
Arthur  Conan  Dovle. 


If  words  can  feel,  the  German  w-ord  Dampf- 
loTcomotive  shrieked  when  it  was  dismembered 
thus  in  a  recent  issue  of  the  Literary  Digest : 
Damp-flokomotive.  Perhaps  the  printer  Avas 
trying  to  make  this  poor  German  locomotive 
whistle  after  the  fashion  of  our  American 
brand.  Another  explanation  which  suggests 
itself  is  that  the  printer  wished  to  play  fair 
with  both  vowels  and  thus  gave  them  each 
two  consonants  as  companions. 


Chichester  is  not  the  easiest  word  to  rhyme, 
but  a  Punch  contributor  gets  over  the  hurdle 
very  neatly  with  the  following: — 

There  was  an  old  Bishop  of  Chichester 
Who    said   thrice    (the  Latin   for   which  is 
Ter)  : 

' '  Avaunt   and   Defiance, 
Eoul  spirit  called  Science, 
And  quit  Mother  Church — Thou  Bewitchest 
Her. ' ' 


Pope  Benedict  XIV  was  elected  after  a 
deadlock  which  lasted  six  months.  Several 
plans  had  been  adopted  in  an  effort  to  end 
a  situation  which  seemed  hopeless  when  Car- 
dinal Lambertini  addressed  the  conclave  thus. 
' '  If  you  wish  to  elect  a  saint,  choose  Gotti ; 
a  statesman,  Aldobrandini;  an  honest  man, 
elect  me."  These  words,  spoken  as  much, 
perhaps,  in  jest  as  in  earnest,  helped  to  end 
the  difticulty.  Lambertini  was  chosen  and 
took  the  name  of  Benedict  XIV. 


The  London  Universe  hears  from  a  friend  in 
Birmingham  that  Fr.  Cyril  C.  Martindale, 
S.  J.,  created  a  small  stir  at  a  meeting  which 
he  addressed  there  recently.  He  had  been  ask- 
ed to  speak,  to  a  circle  composed  chiefly  of 
Anglican  clergymen,  who  met  for  religious 
discussion,  upon  the  Catholic  doctrine  of  the 
Fall  and  Original  Sin,  with  reference  to  as- 
sertions made  by  the  Anglican  Bishop  Barnes 
upon  these  subjects.  He  concluded  his  dis- 
course thus :  '  *  Such,  gentlemen,  are  the 
treasured  possessions  of  Catholics,  and  they 
feel  no  inclination  to  imitate  the  fool  in  the 
Gospel  and  pull  down  their  old  Barns  and  put 
their  trust  in  a  new  one. ' ' 


A   NEW  AND  TIMELY  BOOK 

FIVE  MINUTE  SERMONS 

Short  Talks   on 
Life's  Problems 

By 
REV.  J.  ELLIOT  ROSS,  C.  S.  P. 


Cloth,   8vo.,  X  &   314  pages 
Net  $1.75 


J-  made  famous  years  ago  by  the 
early  Paulists.  The  present  volume 
by  one  of  the  younger  generation  of 
Paulists  lives  up  fully  to  the  tradition. 
It  contains  one  hundred  short  and  pointed 
talks.  They  are  on  a  great  variety  of 
topics,  some  old,  some  new,  but  all  treat- 
ed with  refreshing  modernness. 

Fr.  Boss  has  a  strong,  vigorous  style,  and 
every  talk  contains  something  worth 
while.  You  cannot  open  the  book  at  ran- 
dom without  finding  an  arresting  thought. 
It  is  not  preachy  and  verbose  but  straight 
hitting   right   from  the  shoulder. 

The  talks  in  this  book  were  originally  de- 
livered to  layfolks,  and  it  forms  an  ideal 
Lenten  or  Easter  gift  today.  For  while 
only  a  few  of  the  sermons  are  specifically 
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suitable  for  Lenten  reading. 

But  it  is  also  a  book  for  priests.  It  is  a 
model  of  short  talks  for  Low  Masses. 
Ajid  a  feature  which  will  appeal  to  priests 
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out the  year  as  well  as  by  topic,  and  the 
full  index. 


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1925 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


181 


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The  Fortnightly  Review 


VOL.   XXXII,   NO.   9 


ST.   LOUIS,   MISSOURI 


May    1st,    1925 


CHRONICLE  AND  COMMENT 


An    Unsuccessful    Attempt    at    Reha- 
bilitating Alexander  VI 

in  No.  730  of  the  Month,  Father 
Herbert  Thurston,  S.  J.,  reviews  Msgr. 
Peter  de  Roo  's  tive-volume  work,  ' '  Ma- 
terials for  a  History  of  Pope  Alexander 
VI,  His  Relatives  and  His  Time" 
(Bruges:  Deselee,  De  Brouwer  et 
Cie. ) .  He  says  in  substance  that,  while 
the  student  of  church  history  has  rea- 
son to  be  tliankfnl  to  the  author  for 
compiling-  from  original  and  often  un- 
published sources  a  much  more  copious 
record  of  that  Pontiff's  creditable  ac- 
tivities than  has  ever  been  presented  to 
the  world  before,  Msgr.  de  Roo  "gi\'es 
.  proof  of  a  quite  deplorable  lack  of  that 
sobriety  of  judgment  Avhieh  one  looks 
for  in  a  serious  historian"  and  is  un- 
just to  previous  Catholic  writers,  as 
e.  (J.,  H.  de  I'Espinois,  the  Bollandist 
Fr.  Matagne,  and,  above  all,  to  that 
universally  respected  scholar.  Dr. 
Ludwig  von  Pastor.  Msgr.  de  Roo  is 
obsessed  by  the  idea  of  forgery  and 
other  prejudices  which  show  him  to  be 
' '  lacking  in  that  balance  of  mind  Avhich 
is  necessary  for  an}''  critical  inquiry." 
His  picture  of  Alexander  VI-  is  one- 
sided and  unreliable  and  by  his  at- 
tempted rehabilitation  of  the  Borgia 
Pope,  he  "lias  not  only  wasted  a  good 
deal  of  his  own  time,  but  is  also  likely 
to  waste  the  time  of  such  as  may  read 
his  book  in  the  hope  of  discovering  that 
the  scandals  of  the  Borgian  pontificate 
are  merely  an  ugly  dream." 

Fr.  Thurston's  article  deserves  care- 
ful study,  and  we  hail  its  appearance 
in  one  of  our  leading  Catholic  maga- 
zines not  only  for  the  sake  of  the  his- 
toric truth,  but  likewise  for  the  reason 
that  our  enemies  will  not  now  be  able 
to  say  that  Msgr.  de  Roo's  misguided 
and  unscholarly  book  was  highly   es- 


teemed by  Catholics  until  non-Catholic 
critics  showed  it  to  be  worthless,  as 
they  no  doubt  will.  As  so  often  before, 
Fr.  Thurston  lias  forestalled  the  enemy 
critics  and  thereby  rendered  the  Cath- 
olic cause  an  important  service. 

"Doctoring"  War  Documents 

When  the  letters  exchanged  between 
President  AVilson  and  the  late  Walter 
Hines  Page  during  his  term  as  am- 
bassador to  Great  Britain  were  re- 
cently deposited  in  the  Library  of 
Congress,  it  was  disclosed  that  there 
are  many  discrepancies  between  the 
originals  and  the  text  as  printed  in  the 
"Life  and  Letters"  of  Mr.  Page  by 
Burton  J.  Hendrick.  When  questioned 
by  a  representative  of  the  Christian 
Science  Monitor,  Frank  C.  Page,  a  son 
of  the  former  ambassador  and  his  close 
associate  during  the  World  War,  said 
that  all  personal  references  had  been 
deleted  from  tJie  printed  text,  and 
furthermore,  since  Mr.  Page's  letters 
are  the  property  of  Mrs.  Wilson,  wiho 
would  not  allow  them  to  be  used,  such 
of  them  as  are  reproduced  in  Mr. 
Hendrick 's  book  were  taken  from  Mr. 
Page's  original  drafts,  which  in  many 
cases  do  not  coincide  with  the  letters 
as  they  w-ere  afterwards  written. 

We  are  assured  that  "there  is  no 
sig'nificance  at  all ' '  in  the  discrepancies 
that  undeniably  exist  between  the  let- 
ters in  the  originals  and  as  printed,  nor 
in  the  fact  that  many  of  the  letters 
from  Mr.  Page  to  President  Wilson  are 
omitted  from  the  printed  correspon- 
dence. Some  of  them  "have  been 
lost;"  others  are  to  be  published  later 
in  a  companion  volume. 

Whatever  the  reasons  for  this  "doc- 
toring" of  important  documents  may 
have  been,  so  much  is  certain,  the  "Life 
and   Letters   of  AVaiter   Hines  Page" 


184 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY   REVIEW 


May  1 


by  Burton  J.  lleiulriek  lias  little  liis- 
torieal  value  and  can  be  quoted  b.y 
serious  writers  onlj^  with  great  caution 
and  proper  reserve.  (Cfr.  Chr.  8c. 
Monitor,  Vol.  XVII,  No.  110). 

American   and    British     Freemasonry 

Students  of  American  Freemasonry 
and  its  relation  to  the  Freemasonry  of 
Europe  will  read  with  interest  the  fol- 
lowing note  from  the  pen  of  Mr.  Dudley 
Wright,  printed  in  the  Christian 
Science  Monitor  of  July  10,  1924,  page 
24: 

"Sir  Alfred  Rol)bins  has  made  a  pre- 
liminary report  on  his  tour  through 
the  United  States.  He  says  he  visited 
ten  American  jurisdictions,  spoke  at 
Masonic  gatherings  in  twenty  Ameri- 
can cities,  and  he  has  come  back  to 
his  own  country  with  the  assurance  of 
the  devotion  of  those  grand  lodges  to 
the  standards  for  which  the  Grand 
Lodge  of  England  has  always  stood. 
His  visit,  he  says,  has  taught  him  one 
great  lesson — not  to  depend  on  hear- 
say or  hasty  impression  for  information 
regarding  American  Freemasonry. 
Much  of  the  working  is  identical  with 
that  in  vogue  in  England  before  the 
union  of  the  Ancients  and  Moderns  in 
1813.  Differences  observable  between 
English  and  American  lodges,  such  as 
he  had  witnessed,  whether  in  matters 
of  ritual  or  regalia,  though  very  mani- 
fest, are  explicable  on  historic  grounds, 
and  the  attempts  which  have  some- 
times been  made  to  prejudice  American 
Freemasons  against  England,  or  Eng- 
lish Freemasons  against  America,  be- 
cause of  these  differences,  ought  to  be 
dropped  in  face  of  the  fact  that,  on 
the  fundamentals — which,  in  truth,  are 
all  that  really  matter — American  and 
British  Freemasonry  are  agreed." 

The  Mysteries  of  the  Libyan  Desert 

"The  Mysteries  of  the  Libyan 
Desert,"  that  vast  and  waterless  re- 
gion in  northeastern  Africa,  as  de- 
scribed hy  W.  J.  Harding  King  in  his 
book  of  the  same  title,  which  reports 
the  results  of  a  scientific  expedition  ex- 
tending over  three  years,  (1909  to 
1912),  are  of  two  kinds:  the  first  have 
to  do  with  the  nature  of  sand :  there 


are  places  in  this  desert  where  the 
sands  "sing" — presumably  they  make 
the  same  strange  noises  that  Marco 
Polo  writes  about  in  his  account  of  the 
Desert  of  Lop.  The  sand  has  another 
quality  that  to  the  native  must  have 
l)een  no  less  suggestive  of  djinns : — 

' '  When  I  got  out  of  my  bedding  I  picked 
up  a  woollen  burnus  and  shook  it  to  get  rid 
of  the  sand.  It  blazed  all  over  with  sparks. 
I  put  the  end  of  my  finger  near  my  blankets 
and  drew  from  them  a  spark  of  such  strength 
that  I  could  very  faintly  feel  it.  When  I 
took  off  the  hat  I  was  wearing  I  found  that 
my  hair  was  standing  on  end — this  I  hasten  to 
state  was  only  due  to  electricity. ' ' 

The  mysteries  of  the  second  kind  are 
unsolved  historical  problems.  There  is 
frequent  mention  of  roads  and  of  traces 
of  older  roads  that  suggest  regular 
traff'ic  in  times  past.  Traffic  implies 
water ;  and  this  newly  examined  desert 
is  like  other  parts  of  Africa  in  pro- 
viding evidence  that  the  widely  prev- 
alent tendency  to  desiccation  is  com- 
parativel}'  recent.  Roman  remains 
were  discovered,  and  the  search  for 
buried  coins  is  almost  an  industry  with 
tlie  natives.  Arid  though  the  desert 
is,  it  supports  much  animal  life.  Mr. 
King  heard  from  his  men  of  an  issulla 
— a  reptile  with  a  capacity  for  flight. 
He  never  saw  one;  but  he  was  shown 
its  track,  and  decided  that  both  it  and 
a  feathered  snake  of  which  he  heard 
might  have  the  properties  asci  bed  to 
them. 

The  Central  Bureau  of  the  Catholic 
Central  Verein  in  a  recent  press  bulle- 
tin scathingly  reviews  Mr.  Rafael 
Sa.batini's  latest  book,  "Torquemada 
and  the  Spanish  Inquisition,"  which 
is  "based  on  the  entirely  discredited 
pamphleteer  Llorente"  and,  therefore, 
is  unfair  and  unreliable  in  depicting 
the  Spanis.h  Inquisition  as  "a  ruthless 
engine  of  destruction,  whose  wheel 
dripped  the  blood  of  mangled  genera- 
tions." As  an  antidote  to  Sabatini 
the  Bureau  recommends  Hoffman 
Nickerson's  "The  Inquisition,  A  Po- 
litical and  Military  Study  of  its  Estab- 
lishment," which,  as  the  F.  R.  has 
shown  (XXXII,  2,  35  sq.),  while  re- 
markably^ fair  for  a  non-Catholic,  is  not 
very  profound  and  contains  some 
strange  anachronisms. 


1925 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY   REVIEW 

The  Philosophy  of  "As  If" 


185 


Professor  Hans  Vaihiuger's  "Philo- 
sophie  des  Als  Ob,"  which  has  been 
long  known  among  philosophers,  is  now 
offered  to  ns  in  an  English  translation, 
"The  Philosophy  of  'As  if.'  "  By  Hans 
Vaihinger.  Translated  by  C.  K.  Ogden. 
(New  York:  Hareourt,  Brace  &  Co.). 
This  system  of  thought  is  a  curious 
form  of  the  doctrine  which  made  a 
considerable  stir  in  intellectual  circles, 
now  almost  a  generation  ago,  as  Prag- 
matism. It  differs  from  Pragmatism  in 
an  essential  point,  or  perhaps  it  would 
be  truer  to  say  it  carries  that  theory 
beyond  itself.  The  Pragmatist  said 
that  we  make  truth :  Professor 
Vaihinger  says  that  we  make  fiction, 
and  fiction  is  so  much  more  valuable 
than  truth  that,  having  the  one,  we 
can  well  dispense  with  the  other.  In 
fact,  the  very  concept  of  truth  is  de- 
clared to  be  a  useful  fiction  Conse- 
quently, the  doctrine  cannot  but  pre- 
sent a  paradoxical,  even  a  self-stulti- 
fying, appearance. 

Professor  Vaihinger  appears  to  be 
diligently  engaged  in  sawing  off  the 
branch  of  the  tree  of  knowledge  on 
which  he  is  sitting.  His  doctrine  re- 
sembles a  certain  form  of  idealism, 
which  begins  by  locating  the  whole 
external  universe  within  the  mind, 
which  is  within  the  brain,  which  is 
within  the  skull  of  the  perceiver,  and 
then  discovers  that  the  perceiver  him- 
self, his  skull  and  his  brain,  must  also 
be  located  in  the  mind. 

Our  thoughts,  concepts,  and  ideas, 
Professor  Vaihinger  declares,  are  not 
pictures  or  copies  of  the  actual  world, 
but  instruments  for  grasping  and  sub- 
jectively understanding  it.  In  the 
mere  statement  of  such  a  theory  we 
admit  that  there  is  an  actual  world, 
— what  part  then  does  it  play  and  how 
does  it  succeed  in  affirming  itself  in 
opposition  to  our  useful  fiction?  The 
actual  world,  we  are  told,  is  quite  in- 
accessible to  us.  How  then  do  we  know 
that  a  fiction  is  a  fiction?  So  far  as 
we  have  been  able  to  follow  the  argu- 
ment of  the  book,  we  must  hold  that 
this  idea  of  an  actual  world  is  itself  a 


fiction,  valuable  only  on  account  of  its 
utilit3\  The  famous  "  thing-in-itself  " 
of  Kant  is  not  even  a  hypotlies"is.  We 
grow  dizzy — not  only  does  the  ground 
shake  beneath  us,  but  we  appear  to 
have  no  ground  on  which  we  can  even 
seem  to  stand.  Instead  of  an  actual 
world  in  which  to  live  and  work,  we 
are  told  we  must  rest  content  with  our 
ability  to  live  and  work,  as  if  there 
icere  an  actual  world. 

The  "as  if"  theory,  although  it  is 
developed  by  Professor  Vaihinger 
along  lines  all  his  o^vn,  has  its  origin 
in  the  philosophy  of  Kant, — in  a  part 
of  that  philosophy  which,  Vaihinger 
tells  us,  has  been  strangely  neglected 
and  actually  misunderstood  by  most 
of  Kant's  followers.  The  third  part 
of  Professor  Vaihinger 's  book  is  main- 
ly devoted  to  a  critical  exposition  of 
the  Kantian  doctrine.  The  three  ideas 
of  pure  reason, — God,  freedom,  immor- 
tality, he  says,  have  no  objects  cor- 
responding to  them,  the  existence  of 
which  we  can  demonstrate,  the  reality 
of  which  we  can  come  to  know.  Yet 
we  are  bound  by  our  practical  reason, 
by  the  moral  law  within  us,  to  act  "as 
if"  they  were  true.  All  the  working 
concepts  of  philosophy  are,  in  Profes- 
sor Vaihiuger's  view,  in  precisely  the 
same  case.  It  is  of  no  consequence, 
therefore,  if,  as  Kant  thought,  the 
categories  of  thought — substance, 
cause,  space,  time,  infinity,  unit}',  plur- 
ality, identity,  difference — are  infect- 
ed with  contradiction  and  give  rise 
to  antinomies  whenever  they  are  ap- 
plied to  things-in-themselves.  It  is 
the  nature  of  these  concepts  to  be  fic- 
tions. Theii'  justification  is  their  ex- 
pediency as  instruments.  They  set  up 
no  claim  to  be  truth  or  to  lead  to  truth. 
We  act  "as  if"  they  were  true,  and 
nothing  more  is  necessary.  Nay,  even 
the  ideal  of  truth  expressed  in  the  "as 
if"  is  a  fiction. 

If,  then,  all  logical  thought  is  falsi- 
fication, what  is  the  reality  which  is 
falsified  ?  For  if  there  be  no  truth,  false- 
hood loses  its  meaning,  and  if  there 
be  no  reality,  thought  has  nothing  to 


18(i 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


May  1 


think  about.  Professor  A^aihinger  has 
a  quite  definite  methapliysieal  theory, 
a  "pou  sto"  for  his  system.  He  names 
it  "Critical  Positivism.''  It  is  that 
sensations  are  the  sole  and  only  reality, 
and  that  all  knowledge  is  ultimately 
resolvable  into  observation  of  the  se- 
quence of  sensations.  Sensations  are 
given  to  the  psyche,  but  they  are  given 
in  mass;  they  are  a  chaos,  ihe  kind  of 
buzzing  confusion  which  Prof.  William 
James  imagined  the  infant's  first  ex- 
perience to  be  like.     The  activity  of 


the  psA'che  is  exercised  on  this  dis- 
orderly material,  and  the  goal  of  its 
activity  is  expediency,  not  truth.  Real- 
ity in  its  crudity  is  literally  "without 
form  and  void."  Knowledge  is  a  sec- 
ondary aim,  a  by-product  of  logical 
thinlving,  the  primary  aim  being  the 
practical  attainment  of  communication 
and  action. 

Now  that  this  exaggerated  form  of 
Pragmatism  is  propagated  in  English, 
it  Avill  be  necessary-  for  our  text-book 
writers  to  take  critical  notice  of  it. 


A  Queer  Idea  of  Christianity 

By    A.    H.    Frenke 


Pascal's  plea:  "Let  those  who  op- 
pose reigion  at  least  learn  what  it  is 
before  opposing  it, "  is  as  much  in  order 
to-day  as  it  was  in  1660. 

There  appeared  recently  in  a 
prominent  mid-western  daily  an  ac- 
count of  an  address  by  one  Mrs. 
Frances  Carre  on  ' '  The  Essential  One- 
ness of  Religions."  Mrs.  Carre  said: 
"As  man  mingles  freely  wath  his  fel- 
lowmen,  in  this  mature  age  of  the 
world,  he  is  finding  that  the  essential 
reality  Avhich  underlies  every  great 
religion  is  the  same."  And  again: 
"In  this  scientific  era,  man  is  breaking 
the  fetters  of  superstition,  dogma  ancl 
creed,  and  realizing  that  each  soul  must 
examine  and  find  for  itself  the  spiritual 

path He  thinks  too  clearly  now^  to 

liold    to    blind    ancestral    beliefs    and 
declare  all  others  wrong." 

These  declarations  emanate  from  that 
same  spirit, — not  of  tolerance,  but  of 
indifl:'erence, — which  animates  such 
would-be  liberal-minded  rationalists  as 
Dr.  Grant  and  Bishop  Brown,  and 
either  has  its  genesis  in  ignorance  of 
the  facts  or  is  the  result  of  that  hyper- 
critical frame  of  mind  Avhich  accepts 
man}',  yea  practically  all,  of  the  com- 
monly admitted  truths  of  everyday  life 
on  no  better  evidence  than  that  on 
which  it  rejects  the  fundamental  truths 
of  revealed  religion. 

The  propositions  advanced  by  Mrs. 
Carre  are  absolutely  untenable  for  all 
Avho  profess  allegiance  to  the  tenets  of 


Christianity.  That  uniformity  and  sub- 
stantial likeness  of  the  basic  principles 
of  morality  and  religion  which  are 
manifest  in  all  the  major  systems  of 
religious  thought,  and  which  can  be 
summed  up  in  the  merest  recognition 
of  the  existence  of  the  Deity  and 
the  practice  of  the  Golden  Rule, 
are  no  warrant  whatever  for  conclud- 
ing, as  to  value  and  truth,  that 
the  diverse  religions  existing  in 
the  world  are  objectively  equal,  par- 
ticularly if  we  consider  the  aggregate 
of  their  respective  teachings,  for  this 
fundamental  similarity  of  religions  to 
which  Mrs.  Carre  alludes  finds  a  more 
or  less '  adequate  ex])lanation  in  the 
existence  of  a  primitive  revelation  and 
of  the  natural  law  which  every  religion 
worthy  of  the  name  presupposes. 

Out  of  the  idea  of  creation  flows  with 
strict  logical  consequence  a  natural 
religion  and  a  natural  code  of  morality 
which  the  Supreme  Artificer  necessarily 
impressed  upon  His  handiwork.  We 
can  no  more  conceive  of  the  Creator 
planting  man  in  the  midst  of  His  crea- 
tion without  a  set  of  directions  for  his 
guidance  in  the  use  of  the  delicate  and 
highly  intricate  faculties  with  which 
he  had  endowed  him,  than  we  can 
imagine  the  manufacturer  of  a  very 
complicated  piece  of  machinery  ship- 
ping out  his  machine  without  instruc- 
tions as  to  its  care  and  manipulation. 
The  maker  knows  exactly  what  he  de- 
signed his  machine  for,  what  it  is  built 


1925 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY   EEVIEW 


187 


to  accomplish,  and  liow  the  best  results 
can  be  obtained  with  it.  Some  persons 
might  successfully  find  this  out  for 
themselves,  but  in  the  majority  of  in- 
stances the  machine  would  be  damaged 
before  the  operator  acquired  the  knowl- 
edge necessary  to  handle  it. 

So  too,  the  Author  of  our  nature  sup- 
plies us  with  rules  to  be  followed  iu 
utilizing  the  powers  which  He  furnishes 
us.  Our  instincts  and  the  primary 
conclusions  w^e  can  easily  draw  there- 
from are  the  "read  before  applying'" 
message  we  receive  with  our  being  from 
our  Maker.  These  spontaneous 
promptings  of  our  makeup  spring 
naturally  from  the  uncorrupted  human 
heart  and  are  dictates  of  wihat  is  gene- 
rally termed  the  natural  law.  Being, 
therefore,  a  necessary  substratum,  com- 
mon to  all  religions,  and  constituting 
a  condition  antecedent  to  any  form  of 
positive  religion,  such  precepts  as  are 
found  alike  in  ditferent  religions  and 
are  directly  traceable  to  the  natural 
law,  are  clearly  no  fit  criterion  for 
passing  judgment  on  the  relative  merits 
of  several  contending  religions,  each  of 
Avhich  claims  to  be  the  rightful  heir  of 
unalloyed  truth. 

Apart  from  her  implied  denial  of 
Revelation  as  a  factor  in  God's  Provi- 
dence, Mrs.  Carre's  assumption  that 
"men  think  too  clearly  now  to  hold 
to  blind  ancestral  beliefs  and  declare 
all  others  wrong,"  is  ill-founded,  for 
it  ignores  the  logic  underl3dng  an  in- 
telligent acceptance  of  Christianitj'-  as 
the  last  word  in  the  matter  of  positive 
religion. 

That  the  source  of  all  truth  should 
be  the  legitimate  authority  for  the 
highly  contradictory  utterances  of  the 
original  exponents  of  the  principal 
cults  in  existence  is  not  consonant  with 
sound  reasoning. 

Of  the  several  claims  made  upon 
the  human  mind  by  Confucius,  by 
Judaism,  by  Mohammed,  by  Christian- 
ity, etc.,  there  is  only  one,  that  of 
Christ,  which  can  command  our  entire 
logical  assent  and  thoroughly  and  com- 
pletely meet  the  exigencies  of  our  in- 
tellect. 

In  spite  of  the  scurrilous  attacks  of 
Voltaire   and  the   would-be    dissection 


and  surgery  of  the  Gospels  by  Reuan, 
these  records,  taken  solely  as  historical 
documents  and  leaving  out  of  con- 
sideration their  cliaracter  as  the  in- 
spired word  of  God,  prove  to  the  satis- 
faction of  the  overwhelming  majority 
of  men  who  know  them,  the  divinity  of 
Jesus  Christ.        (To  be  concluded.) 

For  a  Colored  Priesthood 

As  if  the  official  letters  of  Rome 
were  not  sufficient  to  express  the  Holy 
Father's  approval  of  a  Colored  Priest- 
hood, his  Delegate  lately  visited  the 
Preparatory  Seminary  for  the  Educa- 
tion of  Colored  Canclidates  to  the  .So- 
ciety of  the  Divine  Word,  to  work  as 
missionaries  among  their  own  people  at 
home  and  abroad,  conducted  by  the 
S.  V.  D.  at  Bay  St.  Louis,  Miss.,  and 
again  voiced  the  time-honored  policj' 
of  the  Catholic  Church  in  regard  to  a 
native  clergy.  He  honored  the  institu- 
tion by  staying  over  Saturday  and 
celebrating  Mass  Sunday  morning  in 
the  Seminary  chapel  and  distributing 
Holy  Communion  to  the  students.  He 
took  pleasure  in  walking  about  with  the 
boys  on  the  campus  and  offering  them 
little  scholastic  hints  and  fatherly  ad- 
vice. 

At  the  close  of  an  evening  celebra- 
tion he  delivered  an  address,  wherein 
he  made  the  encouraging  observation 
that,  Avherever  he  had  been  sent  as 
Apostolic  Delegate,  whether  it  was 
India  or  Japan,  one  of  his  chief  con- 
cerns had  always  been  the  establish- 
ment of  a  native  clergy.  Continuing 
he  said : 

"In  coming  to  this  great  land  I  see 
the  same  needs.  I  am,  as  before,  prin- 
cipally interested  in  the  education  of 
American  young  men  to  the  priesthood, 
both  among  the  white  and  the  Colored 
people.  I  think  that  the  salvation  of 
the  souls  of  the  Colored  people  depends 
largelj^  upon  the  piety  and  learning  of 
a  native  Colored  clergy." 

"We  are,  it  is  true,  only  at  the  be- 
ginning of  the  work.  There  are  reasons 
that  I  need  not  mention,  which  have 
held  back  the  work  among  the  Colored 
people.  But,  though  the  organizations 
outside   the    Catholic   fold   have   their 


188 


THE    FOin  NIGHTLY   REVIEW 


May  1 


millions,  we  have  the  grace  of  God.  The 
future  is  ours  because  we  have  Christ 
with  us.  It  is  for  this  strong  reason 
that  the  Catholic  need  never  entirely 
despair  when  he  looks  to-day  upon  lost 
opportunities  and  past  failures." 

Then  followed  a  warm  exhortation  to 
the  young  men  to  persevere  in  prayer 
and  study.  After  that  a  commendation 
to  the  priests :  "  As  to  you,  my  good 
Fathers  of  the  Divine  Word,  in  regard 
to  this  work  in  which  you  are  engaged, 
I  have  to  say  but  this,  that  one  who 
receives  from  the  hands  of  the  Holy 


Father  so  remarkable  a  letter  of  com- 
mendation as  you  received  when  you 
built  the  Seminary  at  Bay  St.  Louis, 
can  feel  assured  that  ihis  labors  are 
directed  in  the  right  path  and  that 
the  grace  of  God  is  with  him." 

Along  with  this  encouragement,  what 
the  Seminary  would  appreciate  right 
now  is  for  priests  to  say  a  oheering 
word  to  good  Colored  boys  who  show 
signs  of  a  religious  vocation  and  tell 
them  to  write  to  Rev.  Father  Rector, 
St.  Augustine's  Mission  House,  Bay  St. 
Louis,  Miss. 


Making  Orphans  by  Process  of  Law 

By  Benedict  Elder 


In  a  recent  number  of  Liberty,  the 
weekly  magazine  backed  by  the  Chicago 
Tribune  and  other  midwesterners  in 
competition  with  the  Saturday  Evening 
Post,  is  an  article  by  Julia  Hoyt  deal- 
ing with  the  question  of  marriage  and 
divorce,  one  point  of  Wihich  deserves 
recognition.  It  is  in  reference  to  the 
rights  of  children  that  are  violated 
in  the  application  of  divorce  laws. 
While  Mrs.  Hoyt  advances  the  opinion 
that  those  who  have  sincerely  and 
honestly  tried  to  make  the  best  of  mar- 
riage and  failed,  have  a  right,  if  there 
are  no  children, ' '  to  start  life  anew  and 
separately,"  she  opposes  divorce  where 
there  are  children.  "Once  there  is  a 
child,"  she  says,  "the  child  and  its 
future  should  be  the  first  considera- 
tion, and  such  problems  as  incompat- 
ibility, etc.,  should  be  put  up  with  or 
solved  in  some  other  way  than  by  di- 
vorce. ' ' 

"Nothing  can  make  up  to  a  child," 
she  continues,  "for  the  absence  of  a 
home  with  his  father  and  mother  in  it. 
The  child  whose  parents  are  divorced 
and  who  is  sent  from  the  one  to  the 
other,  grows  up  in  an  unnatural  Avay  . . . 
We  hear  a  great  deal  to-day  about  the 
terrible  behavior  of  the  young  people 
in  America  and  their  lack  of  respect 
for  anything,  their  lack  of  a  sense'  of 
responsibility,  etc.,  etc.  . .  I  do  not 
see  how  the  older  generation  can  en- 
tirely blame  the  j^ounger.     When  we 


take  away  from  our  children  the  sor- 
roundings  which  make  the  l)asis  of  their 
start  in  life,  the  basis  of  the  most  im- 
portant years  in  their  lives — father 
and  mother  respecting  each  other  and 
togetlier  at  home  with  them — I  believe 
we  are  taking  awav  an  irreplaceable 
thing. ' ' 

The  futility  of  Mrs.  Hoyt's  thought 
tljat  a  married  couple,  even  where  there 
are  no  children,  can  ever  "start  life 
anew,"  as  though  they  were  not  mar- 
ried, need  not  be  discussed.  Marriage 
is  the  fulness  of  life;  one  can  no  more 
experience  it  and  then  blot  it  out  than 
a  child  can  re-enter  the  mother 's  womb 
to  be  born  again,  Marriage  is  a  mutu- 
al obligation  and  purpose;  the  parties 
to  it  can  only  carry  out  their  vows  or 
be  false  to  them.  The  vows  can  not  be 
cancelled. 

The  Moving  Finger  writes,  and  having  writ 
Moves  on ;  nor  all  your  piety  nor  wit, 
Shall  lure  it  back  to  cancel  half  a  line; 
JSTor  all  your  tears  wash  out  a  word  of  it. 

But  we  can  follow  Mrs.  Hoyt  all  the 
way  Avhen  she  insists  upon  the  rights 
of  children.  While  their  presence  does 
not  make  the  obligation  of  the  married 
couple  more  certain,  it  does  make  it 
more  imperative,  more  appealing,  and 
it  is  remarkable  that  popular  writers 
have  not  before  this  called  attention  to 
the  indefensible  practice  of  our  courts 
in  divorce  cases  where  there  are  chil- 
dren involved. 


1925 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY   EEYIEW 


189 


At  the  last  meetiug  of  the  Federa- 
tion of  Catholic  Societies  of  the  United 
States,  in  Kansas,  in  1917,  where 
Bishop  Schrembs  of  Cleveland  was 
Chairman  of  the  Resolutions  Commit- 
tee, one  resolution  adopted  dealt  with 
this  phase  of  the  divorce  question,  and 
the  secretary  was  instructed  to  urge 
each  affiliated  organization  to  take 
action  with  a  view  to  putting  this  mat- 
ter in  its  proper  light  before  the  legis- 
lative bodies  of  the  respective  States. 
It  was  thought  then,  and  the  reasons 
for  the  thought  still  hold,  that  once 
our  people  come  to  realize  that  our 
divorce  courts  in  many  instances  de- 
liberately make  orphans  of  little  chil- 
dren there  would  follow  such  an  effec- 
tive pi-otest,  local  and  general,  that 
divorces  of  parents  who  have  children, 
if  not  entirely  prohibited,  would  be 
greatly  reduced. 

We  are  accustomed  to  feel  tenderly 
for  an  orphan.  It  is  the  most  pleading 
member  of  human  society,  appealing 
in  vain  for  the  love  and  care  that 
parents  alone  are  in  nature  able  to  give. 
Truly,  as  Mrs.  Hoyt  says,  nothing  on 
earth  can  make  up  to  the  child  for  the 
loss  of  its  father  or  mother.  It  is  in- 
deed striking  that  in  our  enlightened 
age,  when  all  the  finer  impulses  of  hu- 
manity are  being  stirred,  we  should 
support  and  even  cherish  an  institu- 
tion that  deliberately  and  solemnly 
makes  orphans  of  little  children.  It  is 
humiliating,  that  a  thousand  years  of 
effort  in  perfecting  our  system  of  juris- 
prudence should  find  us  applying  our 
laws  and  courts  in  a  way  to  deprive  un- 
offending children  of  the  only  gui- 
dance, companionship,  and  protection 
which  nature  has  provided  for  their 
unfolding  years.  Nay,  we  not  only 
deprive  them  of  one  or  the  other  of 
their  parents,  but  we  set  the  seal  of 
finality  on  that  privation  by  destroying, 
as  far  as  a  chancellor's  decree  can  de- 
stroy it,  all  relationship  between  their 
parents,  as  completely  as  if  one  of  them 
had  died.  Thus,  the  children  of  di- 
vorced parents  become  orphans, — or- 
phaned by  process  of  law. 

But  most  humiliating  of  all  is  the 
fact,  which  but  for  its  commonness 
would  shock  us,  that  suoh  a  thing  is 


done  without  the  children  ever  being 
heard  in  the  matter,  without  their  in- 
terests being  represented  in  the  pro- 
ceeding which  deprives  them  of  the 
gratest  blessing  and  the  richest  heritage 
of  their  young  lives. 

No  other  right  of  a  child  can  be 
dealt  with  in  this  summary  manner  by 
our  courts.  The  child's  property  rights 
are  jealously  guarded  by  statute,  and 
the  child  is  a  necessary  part  to  any 
action  affecting  them.  Even  though 
it  is  perfectly  certain  that  the  action  of 
the  Court  touching  a  child's  property 
interests  will  be  beneficial,  the  oliild 
must  be  represented  by  counsel,  who  is 
required  to  make  a  defense,  before  the 
decree  of  a  court  can  be  valid  or  bind- 
ing. 

In  every  legal  proceeding  kno\\Ti,  ex- 
cept that  for  a  divorce,  the  court  is 
required,  where  the  interests  of  a  minor 
child  are  even  remotely  involved,  to 
appoint  a  guardian  ad  litem  to  re- 
present its  interests.  Only  where  the 
action  seeks  to  orphan  the  child  by  de- 
priving it  of  the  care  and  protection  of 
one  of  its  parents,  is  this  safeguard 
of  the  child's  rights  abandoned. 

It  is  bad  enough,  surely,  that  it 
should  ever  be  found  necessary  to  de- 
prive a  child  of  one  of  its  parents, 
though  it  may  be  admitted  that  such 
cases  will  arise.  But  it  is  altogether  in- 
defensible that  this  thing  can  be  done 
by  legal  process  without  separate  con- 
sideration being  given  to  the  welfare  of 
the  child,  without  its  natural  rights  or 
its  future  interests  being  presented  to, 
or  made  a  subject  of  inquiry  by,  the 
court. 

It  would  be  somewhat  different  did 
the  parents  seek  a  separation  only,  but 
there  is  a  finality  to  divorce  that  literal- 
ly orphans  the  children  of  the  marriage, 
often  with  far  greater  unhappiness  re- 
sulting than  death  itself  would  entail, 
and  it  can  only  be  regarded  as  a  bar- 
barism that  the  legal  proceeding  which 
brings  this  blighting  disaster  into  a 
child's  'life  is  conducted  without  a 
thought  being  given  to  the  right  of  the 
child  to  the  undivided  care  and  pro- 
tection of  both  of  them  wiho  brought 
him  into  the  world. 


19(1 


TPIE    FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


Mav  1 


Ves,  it  is  humiliating,  not  so  mueli 
becatLse  it  shows  a  lack  of  Christian 
feeling,  as  because  it  reveals  our  laek 
of  appreciation  of  nature's  law.  Chil- 
dren, unlike  the  offspring  of  lower  ani- 
mals that  reach  maturity  in  a  few- 
weeks  or  montlis,  require  from  a  tliird 
to  a  half  of  a  whole  lifetime  to  pass 
through  infancy  to  maturity  and  self- 
dependence.  Til  is  prolongation  of  in- 
fancy in  the  human  race  is  a  natural 
law,  and  its  fruition  requires  the  un- 
broken continuity  of  relationship  be- 
tween parents  and  their  children,  which 
means  the  strict  coherence  of  the  mar- 
ried pair.  A  child  is  the  most  depen- 
dent creature  born,  but  at  the  same 
time  capable  of  the  highest  develop- 
ment. This  range  gives  a  measure  of 
the  importance  of  the  parents  in  the 
life  of  the  child.  Nature  has  ordained 
them  to  train  the  child  and  help  it  to 
''make  the  grade"  from  helpless  in- 
fancy to  self-reliant  maturity,  and  de- 
liberately to  take  from  the  child  this 
support  does  violence  to  the  natural 
law. 

True,  some  parents  may  seem  un- 
suited  for  the  duty  of  rearing  children, 
but  we  can  never  be  sure  of  that.  We 
can  not  measure  the  depths  of  a 
parent's  heart  or  the  reach  of  a  child's 
vision.  We  can  not  search  otit  the 
secret  and  invisible  attachments  that 
nature  has  stored  in  the  relationship 
of  parent  and  child,  and  though  they 
may  seem  dull  and  irresponsive  to- 
day, to-morrow  they  may  be  the  means 
of  keeping  the  family  otf  the  rocks. 
Btit  divorce  lias  no  to-morrow.  It  is 
the  finality  of  the  thing  that  damns  it. 
It  leaves  nothing  to  the  providence  of 
God.  It  allows  nature  no  time.  It 
cuts  off  a  lifetime  for  the  failure  of  a 
day.  The  child's  natural  ties  are  torn 
asunder,  its  natural  props  thrown 
down,  its  natural  affections,  uprooted 
and  scattered,  and  the  seal  of  finality  is 
put  on  it  all  as  if  it  were  nothing  to 
go  through  life  like  an  atom  floating 
through  space,  with  the  proper  attrac- 
tions all  gone. 

Man^^  divorces  would  be  avoided, 
many  reconciliations  brought  about,  if 
only  the  rights  and  the  interests  of 
children  were  put  to  the  force,  as  they 


shoukl  l)e,  as  they  would  ha\'e  to  be 
were  they  safeguarded  in  divorce  cases 
with  the  same  jealous  care  that  ob- 
tains in  all  other  cases  where  their 
rights  are  involved. 

There  is  nothing  more  ap})ealing 
than  the  rights  of  a  child,  if  only  they 
can  be  heard.  The  judge  in  the  case, 
the  counsel  on  each  side,  the  parents 
themselves,  all  would  be  given  a  dis- 
tinctly different  viewpoint,  were  a 
guardian  ad  litem  to  assert  earnestly 
the  right  of  the  child  not  to  be  lightly 
orphaned.  The  testimony  would  take 
on  a  diff'erent  aspect  and  bearing,  with 
the  representative  of  the  child  present 
to  examine  and  cross-examine.  The  ef- 
fect of  this  neutral  light  constantly 
thrown  on  the  facts  would  tend  to 
soften  tiiem.  The  unfailing  reminder 
at  every  turn  in  the  case  that  the 
litigating  parents  have  a  common  in- 
terest and  a  common  aim  in  life,  would 
tend  to  sober  them.  The  presence  of 
their  innocent  and  helpless  child,  plead- 
ing against  the  unnatural  proceeding 
that  will  destroy  their  home,  cut  asun- 
der their  lives,  victimize  the  offspring 
of  their  once  pure  love,  would  touch 
the  heart  of  any  but  the  most  callous. 

After  all,  it  is  the  child  that  matters. 
Its  rights  Avill  win  the  day  if  they  are 
given  a-  chance  to  be  heard.  For  w.ho 
can  deceive  himself  when  he  sees  his 
actions  mirrored  in  the  conscience  of 
a  child? 

Our  divorce  statutes  should  be 
amended.  Where  there  are  minor 
children,  divorce  proeedings  ought  not 
to  be  permitted,  if  at  all,  until  a  guar- 
dian ad  litem  has  been  appointed  and 
the  rights  of  the  children  have  been 
duly  considered,  as  in  all  other  cases 
^^•here  children  have  an  interest. 

Possibly,  at  times,  we  must  orphan 
the  child  of  an  unhappy  marriage; 
but  let  us  first  at  least  hear  the  child. 


THE  TOWER  OF  THE  CATHEDRAL  OF 
ANTWERP 

By  Charles  J.  Quirlc,  S.  J. 
From  the  quaint  street,  it  rises  in  the  air, 
Marvelously  carven,  wonderfully  fair 
And  now,  its  voices  goldenly  declare 
Time's  passing  in  the  music  of  their  prayer. 


1925 


THE   FOETXIOHTLY    EEVIEW 


191 


Notes  and  Gleanings 

Tihe  Western  Catholic  Uuioii,  a  fra- 
ternal beneficiary  association  with 
headquarters  at  Quincy,  111.,  having 
placed  its  insurance  system  on  a  tho- 
roughl}"  safe  basis,  is  now  creating  an 
old  age  fund  to  take  care  of  aged  and 
dependent  members  who  have  no  one  to 
look  after  them  and  are  financially  un- 
able to  do  so  themselves.  For  such  the 
organization  is  going  to  provide  a  clean, 
comfortable,  and  pleasant  home  for  the 
rest  of  their  life.  The  provision  of 
the  new  law  covers  not  only  whole-life 
and  20-year  pay  members,  but  every 
insurance  member  of  the  order.  This 
is  not  only  good  business,  but  real 
charity  as  well,  for  which  the  W.  C.  U. 
deserves  hearty  commendation. 

Ihiity  (Chicago,  Vol.  XCV,  No.  7) 
reprints  from  an  unnamed  daily  paper 
the  following  news  item  : 

Keystone,  Nebraska.  The  Catholics  aud 
Protestants  have  built  a  community  churcli. 
In  one  end  of  the  edifice  is  the  Catholic  altar, 
at  the  oj^posite  end  is  tlie  pulpit  for  Protestant 
services.  Seats  are  arranged  like  those  of  a 
railroad  coach  so  that  reversal  of  benches  thus 
changes  the  church  from  one  denomination  to 
the  other  as  desired. 

The  Official  Catholic  Directory  for 
1925  mentions  no  iiarisli  at  Kej^stone, 
Xeb.    The  storv  is  evidentlv  a  "hoax." 


Further  evidence  to  support  the 
claim  that  Americans  are  a  race  of 
"jiners"  is  given  in  a  recent  report  of 
the  Census  Bureau  of  'a  survey  of 
manufacturers  of  emblems  and  in- 
signia. The  eightj'-four  establishments 
engaged  in  this  industry  had  a  gross 
output  in  1923  valued  at  $10,500,000. 
(See  N.  Y.  Times,  March  23). 


The  ' '  Stampa, ' '  or  Publicity  Bureau 
of  the  Holy  Year  Central  Committee, 
warns  the  public  against  a  weekly  pub- 
lication entitled  L'Anno  Santo — Perio- 
dico  di  Fede  Cattolica  per  I' Anno  G-iu- 
hilare,  1925,  which,  "far  from  being 
authorised,  contains  contributions  from 
apostates  such  as  Minocchi  and 
Buonaiuto,  and  is  utterly  deplorable 
and  despicable. ' '  This  periodical  is  not 
to  be  confused  with  Anno  Santo 
MCMXXV—Bollettino  Uffiziale  del 
C  omit  at  0  Centrale. 


Many  boys  and  girls  have  in  the  last 
five  years  learned  to  sing  Latin  songs 
to  popular  tunes,  as  a  result  of  a 
booklet  published  in  1919  by  Dr.  Roy 
C.  Fliekinger,  Northwestern  Univer- 
sity. This  booklet  ihas  gone  through 
four  editions  and  has  just  been  launch- 
ed in  a  fifth,  this  time  in  an  improved 
form,  with  musical  accompaniment. 
Latin  translations  of  a  variety  of 
American  songs,  from  "The  Star- 
Spangled  Banner"  to  the  Rotarian 
ditty,  "I'm  a  Little  Prairie  Flower,'" 
are  published  here  with  their  original 
melodies.  The  collection  includes  the 
Latin  versions  of  livmns,  such  as  "Oh 
Come,  All  Ye  Faithful"  and  "Lead, 
Kindly  .Light,"  as  well  as  Latin  uni- 
versity songs  and  rounds.  Some  of 
the  Latin  lyrics  are  of  classical  origin, 
others  are  translations  made  by  Dr. 
Fliekinger. 


Dr.  Alexander  DeMenil  has  collected 
into  a  brochure  of  69  pages  a  series  of 
papers  written  for  the  St.  Louis  Times., 
on  "St.  Louis  Book  Authors."  There 
are  thirty  of  them  in  all.  Dr.  DeM. 
presents  a  portrait  of  each  author  and 
gives  many  biographical  and  biblio- 
graphical data  for  which  one  would 
look  in  vaiu  elsewhere.  Among  the 
authors  listed  are  Miss  Temple  Bailey, 
Msgr.  M.  S.  Brennan,  Father  John  E. 
Rothensteiner,  Denton  J.  Snyder, 
Roland  G.  Usher,  Arthur  Preuss,  and 
several  others  who  have  a  more  than 
local  reputation.  (St.  Louis,  Mo.:  The 
AVm.  Harvey  Miner  Co.,  Inc.). 


The  Des  Moines  (la.)  Register,  by 
way  of  experiment,  has  begun  to  rele- 
gate all  crime  news  to  an  inside  page. 
Why  not  eliminate  news  of  crime  alto- 
gether, as  does  the  Christian  Science 
Monitor,  or  at  least  reduce  to  the  small- 
est possible  space,  recording  only  im- 
portant facts  under  a  single  inconspicu- 
ous headline,  as  most  European  news- 
papers do?  The  guiding  principle 
ought  to  be  that  crime  should  not  oc- 
cupy' a  more  conspicuous  place  in  the 
newspapers  than  it  does  in  real  life, 
and  should  be  treated  so  as  not  to  give 
scandal  or  incite  readers  to  imitate  the 
evil  deeds  recorded.     It  would  be  easy 


192 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY   REVIEW 


May  1 


to  adopt  such  a  policy.  The  main 
i-eason  why  it  is  not  done  is  undoubted- 
ly the  fact  that  the  reading  public  has 
been  fed  with  sensational  crime  news 
for  so  long  that  it  demands  them  as  a 
daily  diet.  One  thing  is  certain — there 
will  be  no  abatement  of  the  "crime 
wave, ' '  of  which  there  is  such  universal 
and  bitter  complaint,  unless  and  until 
the  daily  press  radically  changes  its 
present  policy  of  featuring  and  ex- 
]iloiting  criminal  news. 

To  make  chauffeurs  more  careful, 
the  French  Minister  of  Labor  and  of 
Health  lately  introduced  a  bill  in  Par- 
liament which  would  hold  automobile 
owners  personally  responsible  for  ten 
per  cent  of  the  damages  assessed 
against  them,  insurance  companies  be- 
ing permitted  to  pay  only  90  per  cent. 
"Why   not   make   it    "fifty-fifty?" 

It  is  said  that  there  are  60,000,000 
unchurched  people  in  the  United  States. 
The  Lutheran  Witness  (Vol.  XLIV, 
No.  7)  wonders  that  there  are  not  many 
more,  in  view  of  the  lack  of  ecclesias- 
tical discipline  among  the  Protestant 
sects.  Our  contemporary  quotes  a  news 
report  from  Storm  Lake,  la.,  saying 
that  the  victims  of  an  auto  accident  in 
that  city, — a  family  of  three  persons, 
man,  wife,  and  child,  lodge  members 
who  had  not  belonged  to  any  church, — 
Avere  buried  by  the  local  Presbyterian 
minister  with  all  the  honors  due  to 
regular  church  members,  and  asks  :  "  So 
why  go  to  church  ? ' ' 

The  appearance  of  the  Official  Cath- 
olic Directory  for  1925  has  reopened 
the  perennial  debate  as  to  the  reliabili- 
t.y  of  the  statistics  contained  in  that 
useful  reference  work.  It  is  a  notori- 
ous fact  that  the  figures  given,  though 
furnished  by  the  chancery  offices  of 
the  various  dioceses,  are  far  from  re- 
liable. They  are  for  the  most  part 
based  on  incomplete  parish  reports. 
Father  Gannon  says  in  the  Omaha  True 
Voice  (Vol.  XXIV,  No.  14)  that  in  one 
diocese  last  year  "the  parish  figures 
were  multiplied  by  three  in  the  chan- 
cery office," — which  clearly  "was 
making  matters  worse."  The  same 
writer  says  that  a  method  of  getting  at 


the  actual  Catholic  population  of  the 
U.  S.  W'ith  any  degree  of  exactitude  is 
yet  to  be  devised,  and  intimates  at  least 
one  potent  cause  of  the  present  con- 
fusion when  he  observes :  ' '  Perhaps 
diocesan  assessments  have  too  close  a 
relation  to  census  figures." 


The  Nation  (No.  3118)  prints  the 
sensational  ' '  Filippelli  Memorial, ' '  cir- 
culated secretly  in  Italy.  According 
to  this  document,  dated  June  14,  1924, 
and  containing  fragments  of  evidence 
regarding  the  Matteotti  case,  Mussolini 
helped  plan  the  murder  of  Matteotti, 
the  Socialist  deputy  who  threatened  to 
interrupt  his  dictatorship.  And  when 
it  had  been  accomplished,  and  he  had 
"received  papers  and  the  passport"  of 
the  murdered  man  as  evidence  of  the 
execution  of  his  orders,  Mussolini  pub- 
licly denounced  the  crime  !  AVhen  their 
guilt  was  suspected  by  supporters  of 
Matteotti,  he  imprisoned  his  henchmen. 
But  here  the  milk  of  human  kindness 
diluted  his  logic.  Instead  of  silencing 
them  forever,  he  merely  had  them  kept 
in  jail. 

Correspondence 


The  Denver   Community    Chest 

To  the  Editor:— 

In  coimectioii  with  the  articles  that  have 
appeared  recently  in  the  F.  R.  regarding 
Community  Chests,  it  occurred  to  me  that 
your  readers  might  like  to  know  what  we 
are  doing  in  Denver. 

There  are  five  Catholic  charity  institutions 
included  in  our  distribution  of  the  Community 
Chest  Funds,  viz: 

Convent  of  the  Good  Shepherd $11,000 

Mount  St.  Vincent's  Home 13,200 

Queen  of  Heaven  Orphanage 15,500 

Sacred  Heart  Aid  Society 1,500 

St.  Clara's  Orphanage 14,000 

Total   55,200 

Furthermore,  the  budgets  for  1925  carry 
an  additional  appropriation  for  each  of  these 
institutions,  the  Budget  Committee  having 
gone  over  the  books  and  approved  the  advan- 
ces requested. 

In  addition  to  working  with  our  fellow-citi- 
zens for  the  welfare  of  all  charitable  institu- 
tions in  Denver,  we  have  the  opportunity,  as 
outlined  by  Mr.  O  'Brien  of  Detroit,  of  making 
our  associates  familiar  with  our  own  Catholic 


1925 


THE   FOETNIGHTLY   EEVIEW 


193 


charitable    activities,    whicli   is   ahvavs    bene- 
ficial. 

We  believe  very  much  in  the  Community 
Chest  and  in  having  our  Catholic  institutions 
incorporated  therein.  E.  ^I.  P. 

Denver,  Colo. 


Again  the  "Possible"  in  Scholastic 
Philosophy 

To   the   Editor: — 

Whose  is  the  slip?  Vide  F.  E.,  Vol. 
XXXIII,  No.  5,  p.  Ill;  No.  7,  p.  148.  In 
the  "Praelectiones  Dogmaticae, "  Louvain, 
1902,  I  read  on  "De  Deo  Causa  Eeruin 
Exemplari : ' ' 

"Deus  producit  entia  extra  se  in  similitudi- 
nem  sui.  Non  habet  tamen  in  se  imagines 
variarum  rerum,  quas  creat.  Ne  Deum  ope- 
rantem  homini  operant!  assimilari  velimus. 
Homo  enim,  ad  quamcunque  operatiouem  ra- 
tionalem  indiget  idea  praevia  cffeetus  tam- 
quam  eomplemento  uecessario  actionis  suae. 
Non  sic  Deus :  non  dantur  in  mente  divina 
imagines  rerum  creandarum.  Deus  non  con- 
templatur  omnes  muudos  possibiles,  quia  non- 
ens  est  nihil;  et  praeterea,  cum  Deus  sit 
simplieissimus  in  omni  ordine,  in  eo  nihil 
potest  numerari.  Quod  igitur  Deus  contem- 
platur  seriem  infinitam  mundorum  possibi- 
lium,  lioc  est  metaphora,  et  non  recta  notio 
oporationis  divinae. " 
IMcHenry,    111.  (Eev.)    William    Weber 


The  Case  of  Mr.  Thomas  F.  Woodlock 

To   the   Editor:— 

We  all  shared  the  pleasure  expressed  by 
the  editor  of  the  Commonweal  a  few  weeks 
ago,  when  he  expressed  his  gratification  over 
the  nomination  by  President  Coolidge  of 
Thomas  F.  Woodlock,  one  of  the  ' '  Calvert 
Associates,"  as  a  member  of  the  Interstate 
Commerce  Commission.  While  there  were 
very  few  of  us  that  had  ever  heard  before 
of  Mr.  Woodlock,  we  were,  nevertheless, 
pleased  to  know  that  one  of  his  talent  and 
well-established  status  in  the  financial  world 
was  associated  with   the  Commoniceal. 

Our  pleasure  was  still  languishing  with  us 
w>i«n  we  were  shocked  to  learn  that  the  United 
Stnites  Senate,  following  the  precedent  esta- 
blished in  the  Warren  Case,  a  few  weeks  be- 
fore, refused  to  confirm  Mr.  Woodlock 's  nomi- 
nation. This  reminds  me  of  a  story.  A  couple 
of  years  ago  it  was  my  pleasure  to 
visit  a  Catholic  girls'  academy.  I  was  enter- 
tained with  lemonade  and  cake,  and,  as  usual, 
five  or  six  of  the  Sisters,  who  were  not  at 
the  time  busy  %vith  their  classes,  gathered 
about  me.  If  the  lemonade  had  not  been 
so  very  good,  one  of  these  sweet  Sisters 
would  have  knocked  me  off  the  chair  with 
the  remark:  "I  hope  the  Senate  will  not 
confirm  the  appointment  of  Judge  Butler  to 
the  United  States  Supreme  Court. ' '  Only 
a  few  days  before,  when  talking  to  some  of 
my    old    friends,    I   had    ventured    a    similar 


remark,  but  more  diplomatically,  and  was  call- 
ed down  for  it  on  all  sides,  not  escaping  the 
"knock-out"  usual  under  such  circum- 
stances:— "Isn't  he  one  of  our  own?" 

My  surprise  at  the  Sister's  remark  inter- 
fered with  my  showing  any  acquiescence, 
and  in  the  tone  of  an  ultra-conservative,  I 
asked  her,  how,  why,  and  when  she  had 
reached  such  un  unusual  conclusion.  She 
said :  ' '  There  is  a  murder  trial  going  on 
down  to^^^l  and  I  see  in  the  papers  that  they 
have  rejected  over  100  jurors,  mostly  because 
they  had  already  reached  an  opinion  on  the 
case.  Having  taught  school  in  Nebraska  and 
in  ^Minnesota  at  different  times,  I  have  fol- 
lowed the  activities  of  Judge  Butler  very 
closely  and  do  him  no  injustice  in  believing 
that  whenever  a  case  will  come  to  the  Supreme 
Court  involving  property  rights,  as  against 
human  rights,  his  opinion  has  already  been 
reached;  in  fact,  he  has  given  public  expres- 
sion to  fixed  opinions  in  cases  of  this  kind, 
and,  like  the  jurors  down  town,  his  selection 
should  not  be  allowed  when  there  are  so 
many  cases  of  just  this  particular  type  com- 
ing before  the  Supreme  Court. ' ' 

Now,  back  to  the  case  of  Woodlock.  We 
generally  hear  of  him  as  a  financial  w-riter, 
but  occasionally  it  is  mentioned — though  with 
rather  a  soft  pedal- — that  he  is  editor  of  the 
Wall  Street  Journal.  If  there  is  a  writer 
in  this  country  who  has  not  only  already  made 
up  his  mind,  but  expressed  it  publicly  since 
]919,  as  to  how  the  railroads  throughout  the 
country  should  be  run,  it  is  the  editor  of 
the  Wall  Street  Journal.  The  Interstate 
Commerce  Commission  has  to  do  with  the 
great  problem  of  railroads,  which  is  going 
to  be  the  outstanding  issue  from  now  on, 
and  the  same  philosophy  which  the  good 
Sister  applied  to  Mr.  Butler,  can  likewise  be 
extended  to  Mr.  Woodlock.  Observer 

[Meanwhile  Thomas  F.  Woodlock  has  been 
given  a  recess  appointment  as  a  member 
of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission,  and 
his  case  will  come  up  again  next  winter. — 
Editor.]  

A  Protest 

To  the  Editor:— 

A  criticism  appearing  in  the  Italian  week- 
ly Fede  e  Eagione  moves  me  to  request  a  few 
lines  to  answer  an  unjust  slur  on  the  Cath- 
olic Church  in  the  United  States. 

In  the  first  place,  in  view  of  the  low  status 
of  Latin  Catholicism,  it  ill  befits  a  man  of 
Latin  race  to  decry  American  Catholicism. 
The  Catholic  Church  in  America  is  largely 
made  up  of  Irish-Americans,  German-Ameri- 
cans, Polish,  and  a  scattering  of  other  races. 
It  is  vigorous  in  faith  and  in  conduct.  In 
America  faith  reflects  itself  in  conduct. 
American  Catholics  make  great  sacrifices  to 
build  and  maintain  churches,  schools,  hos- 
pitals, orphan  asylums,  and  other  necessary 
institutions.  At  the  same  time  they  con- 
tribute more  to  the  maintenance  of  the  Holy 


194 


THE    FOETNIGHTLY    EEVTEW 


May  1 


See  than  all  Europe.  I  have  traveled  in  many 
countries  and  I  have  never  found  a  better 
type  of  Catliolic  than  I  have  found  in  my 
o^\^l  country.  Our  faith  reflects  itself  in 
attendance  on  holy  Mass,  in  the  reception  of 
the  Sacraments,  in  generous  giving  to  every 
religious  need. 

We  are  uot  blind  to  certain  defects  in  the 
liumau  element  of  our  Church.  These  defects 
arc  found  everywhere.  We  live  amid  a  non- 
Catholic  majority.  We  witness  many  noble 
traits  of  character,  many  upright  deeds  of 
num  who  have  not  the  Catholic  faith.  Hence 
the  sharp  line  of  doctrinal  differentiation  be- 
tween our  uon -Catholic  nationals  and  our 
selves  often  is  submerged  in  a  false  spirit  of 
good  fellowship.  This  is  the  "Americanism" 
condemned  by  Leo  XIII — a  false,  dangerous 
thing ;  but  insidious,  popular,  specious.  It 
is  our  greatest  danger.  It  has  led  to  a  false 
fraternalization  between  some  Councils  of  the 
Knights  of  Columbus  and  the  Free-Masons. 
It  is  a  great  cause  of  the  growing  evil  of 
mixed  marriages.  Nationalism,  that  age-long- 
curse  of  Christianity,  is  the  close  ally  of  the 
aforesaid  spirit  of  indifference.  Over  all 
reigns  as  king  the  spirit  of  the  world. 

But  notwithstanding  these  evils, — which  are 
not  confined  to  the  U.  S., — there  is  a  large 
majority  of  American  Catholics  who  believe 
right  and  who  live  right.  To  speak,  there- 
fore, of  the  "spiritual  misery"  of  the  Cath- 
olics of  the  United  States  is  ignorance  or 
knavery.  My  antagonist  might  well  apply 
such  an  epithet  to  his  o^^^l  countrymen,  both 
at  home  and  abroad. 

What  he  says  of  my  ignorance  and  lack 
of  piety,  it  is  uot  in  my  mind  to  deny.  He 
has  rendered  me  a  service. 

Touching,  however.  Pope  Gregory  the  Great, 
I  beg  to  advise  Fede  e  Bagione  that  the 
greatest  monograph  ever  written  on  Pope 
Gregory  is:  "St.  Gregory  the  Great — His 
Work  and  his  Spirit,"  by  the  Eight  Eev. 
Abbot  Snow,  O.  S.  B.,  second  revised  edition 
by  Dom.  Eoger  Hudleston,  O.  S.  B.,  1925. 
Now  Dom  Hudleston  says  in  the  Catholic 
Encyclopedia : 

' '  First  of  all,  perJiaps,  it  will  be  best  to 
clear  the  ground  by  admitting  frankly  what 
Gregory  was  not.  He  was  not  a  man  of 
profound  learning,  not  a  philosopher,  not  a 
controversialist,  hardly  even  a  theologian  in 
the  constructive  sense  of  the  term.  He  was 
a  trained  Eoman  lawyer  and  admijiistrator. 
a  monk,  a  missionary,  a  preacher,  above  all, 
a  physician  of  souls  and  a  leader  of  men. ' ' 
(Article  "Gregory.")  This  is  a  temperate, 
true  estimate  by  a  man  of  eminent  knowledge, 
M'ho  dearly  loves  the  great  St.  Gregory. 

Touching  the  Catholic  Encyclopedia,  let 
me  advise  the  writer  in  Fede  e  Bagione  that 
no  priest  or  layman  is  obliged  to  buy  this 
work. 

I  admit  what  he  saj's  of  its  errors.  In 
the  Salesianum,  July,  1920,  I  wrote  as  fol- 
lows : 


'  *  It  is  unwise  to  attack  any  institution 
on  knowledge  gained  from  popular  encj'clo- 
pedias.  There  are  some  good  articles  in  the 
Catholic  Encyclopedia;  there  are  others  that 
are  worthless ;  still  others  that  have  been 
corrected.  The  method  of  its  publication 
did  not  insure  a  monumental  work.  Articles 
were  not  always  assigned  on  the  basis  of  the 
merit  of  writers.  The  great  questions  of 
theology,  history,  etc.,  can  not  be  decided  on 
the  authority  of  such  a  work. ' ' 

The  Catholic  Encyclopedia  is  not  the  gauge 
of  the   Catholic  Church  in  America. 
St.   Francis,   Wis.  A.  E.  Breen 


Excerpts    from    Letters 

There  are  some  puzzling  questions  in  our 
church  administration,  for  the  discussion  of 
which  it  is  good  to  have  an  honest  and  inde- 
pendent organ  like  tlie  F.  E.  Take,  for  in- 
stance, the  frequently  mentioned  shortage  of 
]iriests.  Some  time  ago  I  read  an  appeal  by 
the  superior  of  a  religious  order  in  the  South, 
who  stated  that  10  priests  were  needed  in  this 
part  of  the  country,  in  addition  to  those  al- 
ready working  there.  You  may  imagine  my  sur- 
prise when  with  my  own  ears  I  heard  the 
Bishop  of  that  same  diocese  say  that  he  had 
all  the  priests  he  needed.  Whence  the  discrep- 
ancy?— A  Southern  Beader. 

I  come  rather  late  as  a  booster,  but  I  have 
read  with  great  pleasure  and  satisfaction — 
and  always  before  the  other  spicj'  articles  and 
gleanings — the  encouraging  excerpts  from 
letters  of  so  many  other  Eeview  "fans." 
Having  been  an  editor  myself  for  a  while,  I 
fully  realize  your  position  as  a  prophet  and 
a  voice  crying  in  the  wilderness.  And  be- 
lieving in  prayer,  as  you  do,  I  offer  you,  be- 
sides my  small  pecuniary  contribution,  a 
daily  memento  at  the  altar,  that  the  Lord  may 
preserve  you  in  health  and  strength  and  men- 
tal vigor,  and  also  provide  you,  especially  for 
your  later  years,  with  a  sustentatio  honestissi- 
ma  at  the  hands  of  an  enlightened  clergj^  and 
laity.  Furthermore,  I  shall  try  to  get  you 
at  least  one  new  subscriber. —  (Bev.)  Theodore 
Hamme'ke,  Beading,  Pa. 

Enclosed  please  find  my  subscription  for 
five  years,  at  the  new  rate,  to  your  most  valu- 
able, instructive,  and  fearless  magazine.  No 
matter  what  the  pirice  may  be  in  future,  I  ask 
you  to  keep  my  name  on  your  subscription  list 
as  long  as  I  am  among  the  living.  I  would 
rather  do  without  any  and  all  of  the  maga- 
zines to  which  I  am  a  subscriber,  than  without 
the  F.  E. —  {Bev.)  L.  Etschenberg,  Victoria, 
Tex. 

I  want  to  express  my  appreciation  of  your 
magazine.  Of  course,  I  don't  always  agree 
with  what  you  say;  but  I  am  glad  that  there 
is  at  least  one  Catholic  magazine  wath  nerve 
enough  to  say  some  of  the  things  that  you 
do.~(Bev.)  J.  Elliot  Boss,  C.  S.  P.,  Neio  York 
City. 


1925 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY   EEVIEW 


195 


Good  Catholic  man  orgauist  aud  choir 
director,  sings,  and  can  teach  catechism,  wants 
a  position  in  a  Catholic  church.  References 
available.  Address  A.  B.  C,  c/o  Fortnightly 
Review. 

STATEMENT     OF    THE     OWNERSHIP,     MAN- 
AGEMENT,      ETC.,       OF      THE 
FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 

Publisherl  .semi-monthly  at  lijth  and  Locust 
Strs.,  St.  Louis.  Mo  Required  Ijy  the  Act  of 
Aug.    24.    1912. 

Editor:  Arthur  Preus.?,  5S51  Etzel  Ave.,  St. 
Louis,  Mo. 

Publisher:      Same. 

Business  Manager:  Eleanore  Preuss,  5851 
Etzel  Ave.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Sole  owner:  Arthur  Preuss.  No  bondholders, 
mortgagees  or  other  security  holders  holding 
one  per  cent  or  more  of  the  total  amount 
of  bonds,  mortgages,  or  other  securities. 

(Signed)      Arthur    Preuss,    Ed.    and    Publ. 

Sworn    to    and    suliscrilied    before    me    th!'^    ;;<ith 

day  of  March.  1925. 
(Seal)  P.   Kraemer,  Notary  Public 

(My  commission  expires  IMarch  14,  1926.) 

WM.  KLOER 


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The    "Logia"    in    Ancient    and    Recent 
Literature 

' '  The  Logia  in  Ancient  and  Eeeent  Litera- 
ture, "  bv  John  Donovan,  S.  J.,  M.  A.  (Cam- 
bridge: 'W.  Heft'er  &  Sons,  1924)  is  a  little 
book  of  not  quite  fifty  pages,  in  which  Father 
Donovan  traces  the  usage  of  a  single  word, 
' '  logia, ' '  or  word-phrase,  ' '  logia  tou  theou, 
from  its  earliest  appearance  in  Herodotus 
and  Aristophanes  through  the  vSeptuagint,  the 
New  Testament  Greek,  and  the  writers  of 
the   Apostolic   and   sub-Apostolic  age. 

He  finds  that  the  word  "logia"  or  the 
phrase  "logia  ton  theou"  was  synonymous 
with  our  English  "the  inspired  Word"  or 
"the    Word    of    God." 

But  why,  the  reader  will  ask,  all  this  philo- 
logy on  the  score  of  one  word  or  word-phrase  f 
Because  when  modern  critics  found  Papias 
talking  about  "logia  kyriou,"  or 
' '  logia  toil  kp-iou, ' '  they  said  that 
he  was  talking  about  "sayings  of  Jesus" 
or  ' '  a  manual  of  Messianic  proi^heeies. ' ' 
Father  Donovan  argues  that  to  translate 
Papias  thus  is  to  make  him  fly  in  the  face 
of  his  predecessors,  contemporaries,  and  suc- 
cessors, in  their  use  of  the  term  "logia  tou 
theou. ' '  As  employed  by  Papias,  th3  phrase 
means  simply,  "evangelical  document"  or 
' '  the  Gospel. ' '  This  argument  from  usage 
destroys  the  critical  assumption  of  a  "Logian 
document "  as  a  conjectural  source  for  the 
Gospel  of  St.  Matthew.  Father  Donovan  has 
carefully  investigated  a  small  but  important 
point,  and  after  reading  his  essay  we 
cannot  but  agree  with  H.  Dieckmann,  S.  J., 
in  a  review  of  the  brochure  in  the  Theo- 
Jogische  Seriic  (Nr.  2,  1925),  that  "he  has 
.Mcconiplished    his    task    successfully." 


Designs   submitted 


Catalogues 


Literary  Briefs 

— Dr.  Karl  Boeckl  presents  the  results  of 
original  research  in  his  slender  volume,  "Die 
Eucharistielehre  der  deutsehen  Mystiker  des 
Mittelalters  "  (Herder  &  Co.,  Freiburg  i.  B.), 
which  incidentally  possesses  apologetical 
value.  It  is  a  chapter  in  the  history  of  dog- 
mas in  that  it  refutes  the  accusation  that  the 
medieval  mystics  did  not  believe  in,  or  at 
least  did  not  live  up  to,  the  dogmatic  teaching 
of  the  Church  on  the  Holy  Eucharist.  Dr. 
Boeckl  shows  that  the  leading  German  mystics 
of  the  Franciscan,  the  Cistercian,  tlie  Bene 
dictine,  and  the  Dominican  Orders  devoutly 
'^mbraced  that  teaching  and  sought  to  express 
it  in  their  lives.  It  is  interesting  to  note 
that  these  mystics  all  without  exception  eulti 
vated  and  promoted  the  practice  of  frequent 
communion,  so  that,  as  the  author  points  out 
in  his  "'Epilogue,"  it  can  now  be  stated  as 
an  indisputable  truth  that  those  periods  in 
the  history  of  the  Church   in  which  frequent 


196 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    KEVIEW 


May  1 


coiiimunion  was  practiced  were  the  most  pro- 
ductive  of   real  piety  and   devotion. 

— We  are  indebted  to  Canon  V.  A.  Huard, 
of  Quebec,  editor  of  the  Naturaliste  Canadien, 
for  a  copy  of  the  sixth  edition  of  his  "Abre- 
ge  de  Botanique, ' '  one  of  a  half  dozen  text- 
books of  natural  science  with  which  that  gift- 
ed writer  has  enriched  Canadian  educationai 
literature  and  which  are  used  in  many  French- 
speakinp;  schools.  The  text  is  built  up  in 
methodical  fashion  and  quite  naturally  pays 
special  attention  to  the  flora  of  the  Province 
of  Quebec,  which  is  a  vast  empire  in  itself. 
(Quebec:  Imprimerie  de  I'Evenement,  1925). 

— The  late  Bishop  Coffin's  translation  of 
a  selection  from  the  devotional  writings  of 
St.  Alphonsus  de'  Liguori  has  been  reprinted 
under  the  title  "The  Mysteries  of  the  Faith, 
The  Redemption,"  without  an  introduction 
or  explanation,  or  any  indication  as  to  who 
may  be  the  responsible  editor.  (Benziger 
Bros.) 

— The  Baroness  E.  von  Handel-Mazzetti 's 
novel,  "Rita's  Vermachtnis, "  despite  the 
unfavorable  criticism  it  received  from  Dr. 
Cardauns  and  a  few  other  writers,  is  going 
through  edition  after  edition.  The  latest  to 
reach  us  is  marked  "6. — 10.  Tausend. "  We 
noticed  the  book  in  the  F.  E.  of  Aug.  15,  1923, 
and  it  therefore  only  remains  to  call  attention 
to  the  postscript  added  to  the  new  edition, 
which  reads  as  follows :  ' '  The  milieu  of 
'Rita's  Vermachtnis'  is  derived  in  numerous 
details  from  'A  Study  in  American  Free- 
masonry, Based  upon  Pike's  Morals  and 
Dogma  of  the  Ancient  and  Accepted  Scottish 
Rite,  Mackey's  Masonic  Ritualist,  The  En- 
cyclopedia of  Freemasonry,  and  Other  Ameri- 
can Masonic  Standard  Works,  Edited  by 
Arthur  Preuss,  Editor  of  the  Catholic  Fort- 
nightly Review,  '  fourth  edition,  B.  Herder 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  London,  1920.  Arthur 
Preuss  is  regarded,  even  in  Masonic  circles, 
as  the  leading  Catholic  authority  on  Mason- 
ry next  to  Fr.  Herman  Gruber,  S.  J. "  Though 
we  must  decline  this  exaggerated,  if  well- 
meant  compliment,  it  is  gratifying  to  see 
the  results  of  serious  research  work  utilized 
for  the  benefit  of  the  general  public  by  one 
Avho  has  justly  been  styled  the  foremost  Cath- 
olic woman  novelist  of  Europe.  "Rita's 
Vermachtnis"  is  published  by  Anton  Gander, 
Hochdorf,  Switzerland,  and  those  who  are 
interested  in  seeing  how  ' '  A  Study  in  Ameri- 
can Freemasonry ' '  has  been  worked  into  a 
novel,  can  order  the  book  through  the  B. 
Herder  Book  Co.  of  this  city. 

— Dean  Charles  R.  Brown's  "Faith  and 
Healing"  (Crowell)  in  its  new  and  rewritten 
edition  is  one  of  the  best  books  on  mental 
healing,  its  possibilities  and  abuses.  The 
cliapter  on  Christian  Science  is  keen,  fair, 
sympathetic,  yet  most  devastating.  Dean 
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199 


Experience  demonstrates  that 
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"Life  of  the  Blessed  Virgin" 

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200 


THE    FOKTMGHTLV    liEVlEW 


May   J 


A  SPRINKLE  OF  SPICE 


It  \Yas  a  (lurk  night  aud  the  motorist  was 
lost.  Presently  he  saw  a  sign  on  a  post. 
With  great  difficulty  he  olimbed  the  post, 
struck  a  match,  and  read,  ' '  Wet  Paint. ' ' 


A  true  story:  Motlier  had  given  her  spec- 
tacles to  father  to  clean.  While  doing  so, 
he  broke  one  of  the  glasses,  but  instead  of 
telling  mother,  he  took  out  the  other  glass, 
and  gave  her  back  the  empty  frame.  "1 
don 't  know  how  it  is, ' '  said  Mother,  when 
'she  had,  as  she  thought,  put  on  her  spec- 
tacles again,  "but  I  never  saw  so  clearly 
with  these  glasses  before. ' ' 


A  school  teacher  in  an  Eastside  school  sent 
one  of  her  boys  home  with  a  note  to  his 
mother  saying  that  he  needed  a  bath.  She 
received  the  following  reply :  ' '  Miss  Smith, 
when  I  sent  Johnny  to  school,  I  sent  him 
to  be  learnt  and  not  to  be  smelt;  he  aint  no 
rose."  

Ex-president  Taft  is  so  large  that  he  has 
to  buy  two  seats  to  be  comfortable  at  a  ball 
game.  On  one  occassion  he  handed  his  ticket 
stubs  to  the  usher  who  looked  puzzled  and 
said:  "You'll  have  trouble  occupying  those 
seats,  sir,  they  are  on  opposite  sides  of  the 
aisle. ' '  . . — . 

At  Catechism :  ' '  What  is  the  outward  and 
visible  sign  of  Baptism?" — "The  baby." 


A  proiiiineiit  New  Thought  leader,  who  shall 
be  nameless,  recently  announced  a  Sunday 
sermon  on  the  subject,  ' '  Push  Out  and  Grow 
Pep, ' '  and  added :  '  *  He  makes  $5  grow  in 
place  of  $1,  makes  a  96-year-old  look  60." 
This  man  has  a  following,  and,  if  Sinclair 
LcAvis  is  right,  is  a  true  prophet  of  ' '  the 
great   American  religion." 


The  following  is  contributed  to  the  Spice 
column  of  the  E.  E.  by  a  venerable  prelate: 

My  cousin  and  his  parents  drove  me  around 
in  their  automobile  one  day  this  winter  and  on 
the  way  we  picked  up  a  little  girl  and  took 
her  along.  My  cousin  smokes  cigarettes. 
Some  minutes  after  he  lit  a  new  one,  we 
noticed  a  peculiar  smell.  The  mother  thought 
it  came  from  the  brakes  and  the  boy  got  out 
to  investigate,  but  everything  was  all  right 
under  the  car.  Suddenlv  I  felt  something 
burning  at  he  seat  of  my  trousers  and  jumped 
up  as  if  a  hornet  had  stung  me.  "Gracious 
goodness,"  I  cried,  "My  pants  are  on  fire!  " 
Somehow  or  other  the  cigarette  stump  which 
the  boy  had  thrown  away  had  been  blown 
back  into  the  car  right  behind  me.  It  was 
there  all  right  and  still  burning.  The  little 
girl  said:  "I  thmelled  (smelled)  that  long 
ago."  I  asked  her  why  she  had  not  said 
anything.  She  answered  blandly:  "I  thought 
it  wath  you  that  thmelled  that  way  and  wath 
afraid  to  say  anything."     Tableau! 


IN  THE  FULNESS 
OF  TIME 

The  Gospel  of  St.   Matthew 

Explained 

By 

HERMAN  J.  CLADDER,  S.  J. 

TRANSLATED  BY 
GODFREY  J.  SCHULTE,  S.  J. 

Cloth,  Svu.,  XII  &  388  Pages 

Net  $2.25 


T! 


KE  work  is  neither  a  text-book  of 
xegesis  nor  a  volume  of  medita- 
tions; though  it  might  serve  ad- 
Qjirably  for  either.  It  is  not  the  author's 
purpose  to  explain  verse  after  verse,  in 
dry  scholastic  fashion,  but  to  interpret 
the  ideas  which  the  sacred  writer  wished 
to  impress  on  his  contemporaries  at  the 
time  when  he  was  leaving  Palestine  to 
teach   the   Gospel  to  the  Gentiles. 

The  book  is  divided  into  two  sections. 
The  first  is  a  description  of  the  tragic 
struggle  between  God's  grace  and  the 
Jew 's  unbelief.  The  obstinacy  with 
which  they  long  resisted  God's  merciful 
designs  in  the  Old  Law,  stiffens  and 
grows  even  violent,  when  the  Messia? 
comes  to  realize  the  visions  of  the  Pro- 
pliets  and  makes  the  Israelites  the  first 
citizens  of  God's  kingdom  on  earth. 

So  the  second  section  of  the  book  opens 
with  the  fateful  events  at  Caesarea 
Philippi.  Simon  makes  his  solemn  pro- 
fession of  faith  in  Jesus  as  the  Christ, 
the  Son  of  God;  and  Jesus  names  Simon 
the  Rock  on  which  His  Church  will  rise. 
Christ  continues  to  prepare  the  Disciples 
for  their  future  career;  initiating  them 
into  the  mystery  of  the  Cross.  Then 
follows  Christ's  final  struggle  with  Juda- 
ism; His  triumph  over  His  enemies  in 
His  Resurrection ;  and  His  Commission  to 
His  Apostles  to  go  forth  and  conquer 
the  world  for  the  Kingdom  of  God. 

Father  Gladder 's  readers  will  do  more 
than  discover  the  message  and  well 
planned  argument  of  St.  Matthew.  From 
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and  understanding  to  the  reading  of  any 
of  the   Sacred  Books. 


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THE   FORTNIGHTLY   EEA^EW 


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The  Fortnigfhtly  Review 


VOL.  XXXII,  XO.  10 


ST.  LOUIS,  MISSOUEI 


May  15th,   1925 


CHRONICLE  AND  COMMENT 


About  Catholic  Magazines 

Father  Edmund  Lester,  S.  J.,  who, 
as  editor  of  Stella  Maris,  receives  a 
great  many  exchange  copies  of  Catholic 
magazines  from  various  parts  of  the 
world,  says  that  most  of  them  have 
neither  style  nor  dignity,  and  many 
indulge  in  the  use  of  slang  and  con- 
tain much  tittle-tattle.  Few  are  dis- 
tinctive, but  one  might  be  put  into  the 
covers  of  the  other.  Why  some  of  these 
magazines  should  be  published  at  all 
"is  a  mystery,  except  that  it  has  come 
to  be  believed  that  every  society  must 
have  its  'literary'  harmonium." 

Another  objectionable  feature  of 
many,  especially  "pious"  magazines, 
•he  says,  is  the  publication  of  "thanks- 
givings for  favors  received,"  general- 
ly with  some  such  phrase  as :  "  After 
promise  of  publication."  This  pra'c- 
tice,  declares  the  English  Jesuit,  "is 
growing  into  a  craze  not  entirely 
healthy.  Surely  the  best  thanksgiving 
[for  spiritual  favors  received]  is  not 
'publication,'  but  a  Holy  Communion 
of  thanksgiving  between  ourselves  and 
God  ....  We  cannot  help  feeling  that 
editors  would  do  a  service  to  Catholic 
piety  and  to  Catholic  literature  [if  they 
were]  to  set  their  faces  against  the 
publication  of  such  matter.  It  occu- 
pies valuable  space  and  partakes  a 
little  of  silly  sentimentality." 

Educational  Ideals 

The  Casket,  of  Antigonish,  N.  S., 
reproduces  our  recent  note  on  "Cath- 
olics and  State  Universities"  (F.  R., 
XXXII,  7,  p.  133)  and  comments  on 
it  as  follows  (1925,  No.  17)  : 

"Catholics  must  be  true  to  their 
ideals.  In  some  respects  they  cannot 
hope  to  keep  up  with  the  cash  millions 
of  corporation  presidents  in  building 
huge  piles  of  brick  and  mortar;  but 


neither  can  they  allow  themselves  to  be 
swallowed  up  in  those  huge  lecture 
plants.  The  thing  is  being  overdone; 
already  grave  doubts  are  being  express- 
ed as  to  the  educational  effectiveness 
of  great  agglomerations  where  teacher 
and  student  are  to  each  other  as  mere 
numbers  on  a  chart  or  as  motion  picture 
figures  on  a  screen.  Catholics  must 
bear  in  mind  always  the  absolute  ne- 
cessity for  keeping  the  health  of  the 
soul  in  the  highest  possible  state  and 
the  folly  of  taking  any  chances  of  the 
loss  of  spiritual  health  because  of  glit- 
tering promises  of  Avorldly  Avelfare." 

A  Protestant  Encyclopedia 

The  American  Institute  of  Chris- 
tianity is  planning  an  "American  En- 
cyclopedia of  Christianity"  that  will 
be  for  Protestants  -what  the  Catholic 
Encyclopedia  is  for  Catholics  and  the 
Jewish  Encyclopedia  for  people  of  the 
Hebrew  race  and  faith.  The  editorial 
board  is  headed  by  Cullen  Ayer 
(Episc.)  of  Philadelphia.  With  the 
editors  there  will  be  associated  a  board 
of  denominational  counselors,  consist- 
ing of  twenty-six  leaders  of  various 
Protestant  communions.  It  is  expected 
that  the  Encyclopedia  will  be  issued 
in  twelve  volumes,  with  approximately 
one  million  words  in  each. 

We  are  assured  that  "none  of  the 
articles  will  be  propagandist,  and  none 
controversial.  In  instances  where  the 
topic  admits  of  controversy,  the  treat- 
ment will  be  historical  rather  than  ar- 
gumentative, and  parallel  articles  will 
give  all  sides  of  the  point  at  issue. 
Each  article  will  be  wi-itten  to  record 
rather  than  create  opinion.  The  view- 
point throughout  will  be  American  and 
Protestant. ' ' 

Let  us  hope  that  this  Protestant  ref- 
erence work  will  be  a  worthy  pendant 


204 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY   EEVIEW 


May  15 


to  our  own  Catholic  Encyclopedia  and 
that  it  will  replace  the  unsatisfactory 
"  Schaff-Herzog  Encyclopedia  of  Re- 
ligious Knowledge,"  which  Funk  & 
Wagnalls  got  out  on  the  basis  of  a 
German  original  in  1908  and  which, 
so  far  as  we  are  aware,  has  not  been  re- 
vised since. 

The  Louisiana  Purchase 

It  was  122  years  on  April  30  since 
the  U.  S.  acquired  Louisiana.  The 
event  pacified  an  aroused  West,  dis- 
pelled a  threatened  war  with  France, 
and  doubled  the  area  of  this  country. 

It  is  remarkable  how  many  para- 
doxes are  connected  with  this  event. 
Jefferson  did  not  desire  Louisiana  or 
dream  of  buying  any  land  west  of  the 
Mississippi.  He  wanted  only  the  island 
of  NeAv  Orleans  and  AVest  Florida. 
Napoleon  did  not  wish  to  sell  Louisiana 
or  any  part  of  it.  He  did  not  even 
consider  selling  it  less  than  three  weeks 
before  it  was  actually  sold,  when  he  put 
out  hints  through  Talleyrand  and 
Marbois.  The  cession  itself  was  not 
made  on  the  day  recorded.  It  was 
signed  on  Monday,  May  2,  and  back- 
dated. Many  thought  the  price  of 
$15,000,000  too  high.  To-day  many  a 
county  has  an  assessed  valuation  of 
over  twice  this  sum,  and  the  total  value 
of  all  property  in  Missouri  alone  is  530 
times  this  amount. 

The  Louisiana  purchase  is  a  classic 
example  of  the  futility  of  human  plans. 
Napoleon  forced  helpless  Spain  in  1800 
to  cede  France  this  imperial  domain. 
He  planned  a  colonial  empire  to  enrich 
France  and  popularize  himself.  A 
powerful  neighbor,  instead  of  a  weak 
one  on  the  West,  and  in  possession  of 
the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi,  alarms 
the  U.  S.  England  sees  the  war  clouds 
gathering  over  Europe  and  plans  an 
expedition  to  take  possession  of  Loui- 
siana. Napoleon  promptlj^  sells.  The 
U.  S.  finds  that,  instead  of  a  war  with 
France  over  the  island  of  New  Orleans, 
or  of  British  occupancv  of  Louisiana, 
or  of  a  price  of  $2,000,000  for  New 
Orleans  and  West  Florida,  she  has  paid 
$15,000,000  and  obtained  New  Orleans 
and  900,000  square  miles  west  of  the 
Mississippi  River,  which  it  had  never 


dreamed  of  nor  desired.  Again,  Eng- 
land gives  approval  to  the  purchase  and 
thereby  wittingly  or  unwittingly  in- 
sures the  creation  of  another  world 
power.  Not  one  of  the  four  nations 
interested  in  this  purchase,  therefore, 
had  its  actual  plans  and  purposes 
realized. 

Selfishness  of  Catholic  Societies 

In  an  editorial  of  the  Catholic  Bulle- 
tin, of  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  we  find  the 
following  question  :  ' '  Are  our  Ameri- 
can Catholic  societies  above  criticism 
in  their  efforts  to  keep  aloof  from  par- 
ish religious  activities?"  This  mild 
query  is  very  pertinent  indeed.  We 
have  numerous  Catholic  societies  and 
"societies  of  Catholics."  Do  they  do 
much  more  than  amuse  themselves? 
Do  they  help  the  pastor  and  the  teach- 
ers ?  Are  they  zealous  for  the  missions 
and  the  Catholic  press?  Only  too- 
often  the  w^elfare  of  the  society  comes 
first,  last,  and  all  the  time,  and  the 
Church  and  her  needs  receive  little 
or  no  attention.  Are  not  vast  sums 
spent  on  club-houses  and  other  build- 
ings, which  could  be  expended  in  ways 
far  more  pleasing  to  God?  What 
about  providing  churches  for  small 
communities  in  rural  districts?  AVhy 
not  look  after  the  needs  of  the  Negroes 
and  such  poor  immigrants  as  the 
Mexicans  and  Cubans  in  Florida  and 
the  Southwest? 

AVe  are  Catholics  mereh'  in  name 
and  not  in  practice,  if  we  work  only 
for  our  own  welfare  and  neglect  the 
needs  of  those  who  live  outside  the 
parish  limits. 

Is  Capitalism  Anti-Catholic? 

In  discussing  Father  Lewis  AVatt's 
pamphlet,  "Catholics  and  Commu- 
nism" (C.  S.  G.,  Oxford),  the  editor 
of  the  Month  says  in  No.  729  of  that 
excellent  review:  "Capitalism,  like 
Socialism,  is  an  ambiguous  word,  and 
is  used  to  cover  the  ordinary  blameless 
employment  of  surplus  wealth  to 
further  production,  and  various  forms 
of  usury,  which  take  toll  of  human 
necessities,  and  seek  excessive  profits. 
A  capitalist  who  employs  sweated  labor, 
who  gambles  with  the  nation's  food, 


1925 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


205 


who'  treats  his  workers  as  hands  and 
not  as  souls,  who  exacts  excessive  inter- 
est on  loans,  cannot  certainlj^  be  a 
Catholic,  for  he  is  an  oppressor  of  the 
poor  and  has  made  shipwreck  of  his 
morals  if  not  his  faith  as  well.  Our 
denunciations  of  Communism  should 
always  be  accompanied  by  denuncia- 
tions of  the  injustice  from  w^hicli  it 
springs  and  which  is  an  equally  grave 
violation  of  God's  law.  The  owner- 
ship of  property,  which,  as  Pope  Leo 
teaches,  should  be  as  widely  extended 
as  possible,  is  grievously  hampered  by 
the  fact  that  many  own  too  much.  It 
is  not  for  the  good  of  the  State  that 
the  bulk  of  its  inhabitants  should  be 
mere  tenants  on  its  soil,  dependent  on 
public  charity  for  education,  medical 
attendance,  support  in  old  age,  etc. — a 
status  due  to  the  abuse  of  the  right  of 
private  property.  It  may  be  difficult 
now  to  rectify  things,  but  it  will  not 
become  easier  by  ignoring  them.  We 
must  never  seem  to  condone  usury, 
which  is  not  merely  taking  payment  for 
making  an  unproductive  loan,  but  in- 
volves also  the  exacting  more  than  the 
"just  price'  for  goods.  As  long  as 
Catholics  do  not  condemn  the  manifold 
iniquities  connected  with  the  use  of 
propert}',  which  are  as  yet  not  con- 
demned by  civil  law,  Catholic  teaching 
against  Socialism,  etc.,  will  make  little 
impression  on  Socialists." 

"Indulgence"  or  "Pardon"? 

Father  Plerbert  Thurston,  S.  J.,  in 
No.  729  of  the  Month,  emphasizes  a 
point  of  terminology  to  which  Cardinal 
Bourne  had  already  drawn  attention  in 
his  Lenten  pastoral.  Explaining  the 
doctrine  of  indulgences,  His  Eminence 
referred  to  the  Jubilee  as  carrying 
with  it  "an  indulgence,  or  to  use  the 
old  English  word,  so  much  easier  of 
acceptance  by  the  non-Catholic  ear,  a 
pardon."  Father  Thurston  shows  how 
"it  was  'pardon'  and  not  'indulgence' 
of  which  men  almost  invariably  spoke 
in  this  country  for  nearly  three  cen- 
turies before  England  broke  away  from 
the  centre  of  Christian  unity."  The 
word  "indulgence"  does  undoubtedly 
lend  itself,  as  the  Cardinal  said,  to 
misunderstanding  on  the  part  of  non- 


Catholics;  a  similar  puzzledom  is  some- 
times met  with  on  the  part  of  Pro- 
testants whose  minds  confuse  the  term 
Immaculate  Conception  with  the  idea 
of  the  Virgin  Birth.  "Indulgence," 
to  the  common  ear  and  less  instructed 
mind,  is  a  word  conveying  the  notion 
of  something  quite  different  from  its 
theological  meaning ;  whereas  the  good 
old  word  "pardon,"  used  by  our  Cath- 
olic forefathers,  gives  to  outsiders  a 
clearer  idea  of  the  Church's  teaching. 
Father  Thurston  notes  among  other 
things  that  the  great  Portiuneula  in- 
dulgence was  the  ' '  Portiuneula  Pardon 
of  Assyse"  in  an  account  written  by 
Father  Thomas  Wynter,  a  monk  of 
Syon,  in  the  fifteenth  century. 

The  Oldest  Feast  of  the  B.  V.  M. 

It  has  been  pretty  generally  believed 
hitherto  that  the  most  ancient  feast 
in  honor  of  the  Blessed  Virgin  Mary 
was  that  of  her  Assumption  into  Hea- 
ven, Recent  researches  by  the  Rev, 
Martin  Jugies  render  this  belief  im- 
probable. The  learned  Assumptionist 
Father,  in  a  brochure  entitled  "La 
Premiere  Fete  Mariale"  (Paris:  Mai- 
son  de  la  Bonne  Presse)  shows  from 
the  homilies  of  St.  Proclus  that  for 
some  time  before  the  Council  of  Ephe- 
sus  there  was  celebrated  at  Constanti- 
nople a  feast  known  as  Memorial  of  the 
Blessed  Virgin,  which  had  for  its  object 
her  divine  motherhood,  and,  more  par- 
ticularly, the  conception  of  the  Eternal 
Word.  Hesychius  (+  after  451) 
testifies  to  the  existence  of  a  similar 
festival  at  Jerusalem.  Chrysippus 
(4-  479)  mentions  the  celebration,  at 
Bostra,  of  this  same  feast  and  of  an- 
other in  honor  of  St.  John  the  Baptist, 
which  w^as  celebrated  a  week  before  the 
former.  Both  were  movable  feasts. 
Similar  testimony  exists  for  Asia 
Minor  and  Egypt.  Most  probably  the 
Oriental  Church  up  to  about  530  had 
only  this  one  feast  in  honor  of  Mary. 
In  the  time  of  Justinian  there  sud- 
denly sprang  up  a  number  of  other 
feasts,  among  them  those  of  the  Birth 
of  the  Blessed  Virgin,  her  Presenta- 
tion in  the  Temple,  the  Annunciation, 
and,  towards  the  end  of  the  sixth  cen- 
tury, the  feast  of  her  koimesis  or  dor- 


206 


THE   FORTXIGHTLY   REVIEW 


May  15 


mitio,  later  called  Assumptiou.  In  the 
Occident  the  Spanish  Church  at  the 
time  of  the  Council  of  Toledo,  A.  D. 
656,  knew  but  one  festival  in  honor 
of  Mary,   Avhieh   by   a   decree   of  that 


council  was  fixed  for  Dec.  18.  In  Milan 
the  last  Sunday  before  Christmas  was 
and  still  is  dedicated  to  the  Mother 
of  God  and  the  mystery  of  the 
Incarnation. 


That   Anthropoid   Ape    from   South   Africa 

By    the     Rev.     Stephen    Richcirz,     S.    D.     V.,     Techny,    Illinois 


The  readers  of  the  F.  R.  may  be  in- 
terested in  some  details  regarding  the 
new  fossil  anthropoid  ape  which  has 
been  discovered  recently  in  South 
Africa.  This  find  is  of  peculiar  interest 
and  importance  and  has  alread}-  caused 
some  comment  in  the  newspapers  and 
other  periodicals. 

Fortunately,  we  need  not  depend  on 
newspaper  reporters  in  this  matter. 
The  find  was  made  by  the  geologist  of 
the  University  of  the  AVitwatersrand, 
and  studied  by  Raymond  A.  Dart,  pro- 
fessor of  anatomy  at  the  same  institu- 
tion, who  gives  a  preliminary  report 
in  the  London  Nature,  of  February. 7, 
1925.     Here  are  the  facts: 

Out  of  a  limestone  formation  at 
Taungs,  Bechuanaland,  there  was  blast- 
ed the  endocranial  cast  of  an  anthro- 
poid ape,  and  from  the  rock  fragments 
was  recovered  almost  the  entire  face, 
together  with  the  lower  jaw,  full  of 
teeth.  The  new  ape  was  named  Aus- 
tralopithecus Africanus. 

Two  reasons  can  be  alleged  for  the 
value  of  this  fossil :  First,  our  knowl- 
edge of  extinct  anthropoids  is  mostly 
based  on  fragments  of  jawbones  and 
on  teeth.  The  new  find  comprises  the 
face  and  greater  portion  of  the  brain- 
cast.  Secondly,  there  are  no  living 
anthropoids  south  of  the  Lake  Kiru 
region  in  the  Belgian  Congo,  i.  e.,  2000 
miles  distant  from  Taungs.  The  next 
known  fossil  anthropoid  lived  even 
farther  north,  at  P^'ayum  in  Egypt. 

A  disadvantage  of  the  discovery  is 
that  "the  specimen  is  juvenile,  for  the 
first  permanent  molar  tooth  only  has 
erupted  in  both  jaws  on  both  sides  of 
the  face,  i.  e.,  it  corresponds  anatomi- 
cally with  a  human  child  of  six  years 
of  age."  For  an  anthropoid  it  would 
be  the  end  of  the  fourth  vear.     This 


immaturity  is  a  great  handicap  in  com- 
paring the  new  form  with  other  living 
or  fossil  anthropoids,  because  in  youth 
the  distinguished  features  are  not  so 
weW  developed. 

It  is  quite  natural  that  Professor 
Dart  should  endeavor  to  make  as  much 
as  possible  of  this  find.  He  asserts : 
' '  The  specimen  exhibits  an  extinct  race 
of  apes  intermediate  between  living  an- 
thropoids and  man."  Then  he  gives 
some  details  :  ' '  The  whole  cranium  dis- 
plays humanoid  rather  than  anthro- 
poid lineaments The  dentition  and 

the  mandible  are  humanoid  rather  than 
anthropoid  ....  That  hominid  features 
Avere  not  restricted  to  the  face  is  borne 
out  by  the  situation  of  the  foramen 
magnum,"  which  "points  to  the  as- 
sumption of  an  attitude  appreciably 
more  erect  than  tliat  of  the  modern 
anthropoids." 

The  study  of  the  endocranial  cast  of 
the  brain-case,  /'.  e.,  the  inner  side  of 
the  brain-case  as  pictured  by  a  natural 
process  on  the  limestone  which  filled 
this  brain-case,  leads  Dart  to  the  fol- 
lowing conclusions :  "It  is  evident  that 
the  relative  proportion  of  cerebral  to 
cerebellar  matter  in  this  brain  was 
greater  than  in  the  gorilla,"  and,  as 
a  consecpaence,  "their  eyes  saw,  their 
ears  heard,  and  their  hands  handled  ob- 
jects with  greater  meaning  and  to  fuller 
purpose  than  the  corresponding  organs 
in  recent  apes.  There  is  an  ultra- 
simian  quality  depicted  in  the  brain  of 
this  immature  endocranial  cast,  Avhieh 
harmonises  with  the  ultra-simian  fea- 
tures revealed  by  the  entire  cranial  to- 
pography. It  is  manifest  that  we  are  in 
the  presence  here  of  a  pre-human  stock, 
neither  chimpanzee  nor  gorilla,  which 
possesses  a  series  of  differential  charac- 
ters not  encountered  hitherto  in  an}' 
anthropoid  stock." 


1925 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY   EEVIEW 


207 


On  the  other  hand :  "It  is  evident 
that  a  creature  with  an  anthropoid 
brain  capacity,  and  lacking-  the  dis- 
tinctive, localised  temporal  expansions 
which  appear  to  be  concomitant  Avith 
and  necessary  to  articulate  man,  is  no 
true  man." 

Finally  Dart  repeats  the  Darwinian 
claim  that  Africa  would  prove  to  be 
the  cradle  of  mankind." 

Thus  far  the  rather  sanguine  and 
rash  conclusions  and  speculations  of 
Professor  Dart,  which  no  doubt  will  be 
repeated  ad  nauseam  in  our  popular 
science  magazines.  Fortunately,  they 
were  immediately  subjected  to  expert 
criticism  in  the  following  issue  of 
Nature  (Feb.  14)  by  four  English 
specialists  of  unquestioned  scientific 
repute. 

Sir  Arthur  Keith  writes:  "It  may 
be  that  Australopithecus  does  turn  out 
to  be  'intermediate  between  living 
anthropoids  and  man,'  but  on  the  evi- 
dence now  produced,  one  is  inclined  to 
place  A.  in  the  same  group  or  sub- 
family' as  the  chimpanzee  and  gorilla. 
It  is  an  allied  genus.  It  seems  to  be 
near  akin  to  both,  differing  from  them 
in  shape  of  head  and  brain  and  in  the 
tendenc}'  to  the  retention  of  infantile 

characters In   size   of   brain   this 

new  form  is  not  human  but  anthro- 
poid. Tlie  brain  length  is  118  mm., — 
a  dimension  common  in  the  brains  of 
adult  and  also  of  juvenile  gorillas. 
But  in  width  the  gorilla  greatly  ex- 
ceeds the  new  anthropoid.  [100:84.] 
The  average  volume  of  the  interior  of 
gorilla  skulls  is  470  c.c,  but  occa- 
sional individuals  run  up  to  620 ;  the 
brain  of  the  Australopithecus  must  be 
less  than  450,  the  adult  brain  perhaps 
520  c.c."  It  is  of  interest  that  the 
new  find  is  the  first  dolichocephalic 
(long-headed)  anthropoid.  That  ex- 
plains some  characteristic  features,  e. 
g.,  "the  jaws  are  smaller  than  those  of 
the  chimpanzee  and  much  smaller  than 
those  of  the  gorilla  ....  The  relatively 
high  vault  of  the  skull  and  its  narrow 
base  may  be  interpreted  as  infantile 
characters. ' ' 

Professor  G.  Elliot  Smith  states : 
"The  simian  infant  is  an  unmistakable 
anthropoid  ape  that  seems  to  be  much 


on  the  same  grade  of  development  as 
the  gorilla  and  the  chimpanzee,  with- 
out being  identical  with  either  ....  It 
would  be  rash  to  push  the  claim  in 
support  of  the  South  African  anthro- 
poid 's  nearer  kinship   with  man 

Many  of  the  features  cited  by  Dart  as 
evidence  of  human  affinities,  especial- 
ly the  features  of  the  jaw  and  the 
teeth  mentioned  by  him,  are  not  un- 
known in  the  young  of  the  giant  anthro- 
poids and  even  in  the  adult  gibbon 

The  features  of  the  endocranial  cast 
may  'possihly  justify  the  claim  that 
Australopithecus  has  reallj^  advanced 
a  stage  further  in  the  direction  of  the 
human  status  than  an}-  other  ape;  but 
one  is  not  justified  in  drawing  final 
conclusions.  Smith  emphasizes  that  it 
"\AOuld  be  of  paramount  importance  to 
study  the  teeth  more  in  detail  than 
Dart  has  done.  'The  size  of  the  brain,' 
he  says,  'affords  definitive  evidence 
that  the  fossil  is  an  anthropoid  on  much 
the  same  plan  as  the  gorilla  and  the 
chimpanzee.' 

Sir  Arthur  Smith  Woodward  says: 
'  ■  So  far  as  can  be  judged  from  the 
photographs,  I  see  nothing  in  the  or- 
bits, nasal  bones,  and  canine  teeth  de- 
finitely nearer  to  the  human  condition 
than  the  corresponding  parts  of  the 
skull  of  a  modern  young  chimpanzee.  .  . 
The  amount  and  direction  of  distortion 
cannot  be  determined  [the  bones  of 
the  brain-case  are  not  preserved].  I 
should  therefore  hesitate  to  attach 
much  importance  to  rounding  or  flat- 
tening of  any  part  of  the  brain-case, 
and  would  even  doubt  whether  the  rel- 
ative dimension  of  the  cast  of  the 
cerebellum  can  be  relied  on.  [Most 
of  Dart's  speculations  as  to  the  huma- 
noid  habits  of  this  anthropoid  were 
based  on  this  proportion].  It  is  pre- 
mature to  express  any  opinion  as  to 
whether  the  direct  ancestors  of  man 
are  to  be  sought  in  Asia  or  Africa. 
The  new  fossil  from  South  Africa  cer- 
tainly has  little  bearing  on  the  ques- 
tion." 

Dr.  W.  L.  H.  Ducktvorth  is  more 
favorable  to  Dart's  claim  to  an  inter- 
mediate form  of  the  new  fossil,  but 
he  also  admits :  ' '  On  the  other  hand, 
I  feel  fairly  certain  that  some  of  the 


208 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY   EEVIEW 


May  15 


other  characters  mentioned  are  prepon- 
derantly related  to  the  youthfulness  of 
the  specimen.  So  far  as  the  illustra- 
tions allow  one  to  judge,  the  new  form 
resembles  the  gorilla  rather  than  the 
chimpanzee,  that  is  an  African,  not  an 
Asiatic  form  of  anthropoid  ape." 

This  is  an  instructive  example  how 
genuine  scientists  treat  such  questions : 
they  weigh  all  observations  carefully 
and  compare  them  with  known  facts; 
and  as  soon  as  they  are  convinced  that 
their  knowledge  of  the  object  is  incom- 
plete, they  refrain  from  drawing  final 
conclusions.  Writers  on  "popular 
science,"  on  the  contrar}^,  are  usually 
very  positive  in  their  assertions.  A 
typical  instance  is  found  in  the  May 
issue  of  the  Scientific  American  in  an 
article  on:^  the  fossil  "man-ape"  of 
South  Africa.  The  author  reproduces 
Dart 's  speculations  without  reserve  and 
without  even  mentioning  alternative 
view^s.  And  his  final  conclusion  is : 
"Thus  does  the  theory  of  evolution  as 
applied  to  man  receive  another  weighty 
vindication, ' ' — utterly  disregarding 
the  fact  that,  according  to  high  authori- 
ties, the  new  find  is  very  likely  with- 
out any  bearing  on  this  question. 

NoAv  the  other  extreme.  In  a 
prominent  Catholic  weekly  review  the 
new  fossil,  in  spite  of  all  doubtless  a 
A'ery  valuable  find,  is  ridiculed.  ' '  If  the 
description  [given  in  the  Scientific 
Monthly]  is  complete  and  exact  [why 
did  the  writer  not  make  sure  of  that?] 
there  does  not  seem  to  be  a  single  fea- 
ture  in  these  remains  that  is  not  human. 
The  size  of  the  brain  does  not  contradict 
this  impression,  because  the  remains 
are  those  of  a  juvenile,  and  hence  the 
brain  naturally  would  not  be  as  large 
as  that  of  an  adult."  The  capacity  of 
the  brain-case,  according  to  Sir  Keith, 
is  less  than  450  c.c.  At  the  age  of 
six  years  about  80%  of  the  brain  is 
developed  in  a  human  child,  therefore 
the  capacity  of  the  supposed  man  of 
South  Africa,  when  grown  up,  would 
be  560  c.c- — far  below  the  Bushman 
and  even  below  the  average  gorilla!!!. 
"If  there  is  any  evidence  of  characte- 
ristic ape  features,  it  is  not  given  in 
the  Scientific  Monthly."  Yes,  it  is 
given  :  ' '  Brain  slightly  larger  than  that 
of  an  adult  chimpanzee."     And  it  is 


given  more  clearly  and  beyond  all 
doubt  in  the  original  report  with  its 
pictures,  of  W'hich  the  Scientific  Month- 
ly article  is  only  an  abstract.  There  ex- 
ists no  reason  whatever  for  declaring 
the  Australopithecus  to  be  fully  human. 
Does  the  writer  not  understand  into 
what  a  dangerous  situation  he  brings 
the  cause  he  stands  for  ?  If  he  declares 
such  a  being  to  be  fully  human,  then 
much  more  are  Pithecanthropus  and 
the  living  gorilla  fully  human,  and  the 
descent  of  man  from  these  apes  can  no 
longer  be  called  into  question !  Fur- 
thermore, the  geologic  age  of  the  find 
has  not  been  determined,  but  a  Tertiary 
origin  is  possible.  What  if  it  should 
be  proved  by  later  finds  to  be  middle 
Tertiary,  i.  e.,  according  to  the  now 
current  opinion,  two  or  three  million 
years  back  ? 


The  latest  batch  of  pamphlets  from 
the  ever  busy  Paulist  Press  (401  W. 
59th  Str.,  New  York  City)  comprises 
a  short  selection  of  "Wise  and  Loving 
Counsels  of  St.  Francis  de  Sales,"  the 
Apostle  of  cheerfulness  and  hope;  a 
reprint  of  ,the  chapter  "Why  AVas 
Christ  Born?"  from  Fr.  Joseph  Mc- 
Sorley's  book,  "Be  of  Good  Heart," 
and  two  apologetical  brochures:  "Why 
Not  Be  a  Catholic,"  in  which  Sister 
M.  D.  Forrest,  M.  S.  C,  undertakes  to 
prove  that  there  can  be  but  one  true 
churcih  and  that  this  church  is  the 
Catholic  Church,  and  "Sixt}^  Asser- 
tions of  Protestants  Tried  by  Their 
own  Rule  of  Scripture  Alone  and  Con- 
demned by  Clear  and  Express  Texts  of 
Their  Own  Bible,"  by  an  unnamed 
author.  Among  the  assertions  thus 
briefly  but  effectively  refuted  are :  that 
the  spirit  of  truth  was  not  promised 
the  Church  of  Christ;  that  there  is  no 
command  in  Scripture  to  hear  the 
Church  or  submit  to  her  decision ;  that 
the  Church  of  Christ  upon  earth  is  not 
always  visible ;  that  it  is  uncharitable  to 
say  that  heresy  is  a  damnable  sin ;  that 
people  of  all  religions  may  be  saved; 
that  the  Church  has  received  no  power 
from  Christ  to  grant  indulgences;  that 
we  are  justified  b}^  faith  alone,  and 
many  others  of  like  tenor,  A  wide 
distribution  of  these  pamphlets  will 
effect  much  good. 


1925 


THE   FOETXIGHTLY   EEVIEW 


209 


Lafayette,  The  Freemason 

By  Benedict  Elder 


At  a  commemoration  of  Lafayette  in 
Mobile,  Ala.,  the  other  day  a  Jesuit 
Father  was  among  those  who  delivered 
eulogies. 

If  all  Catholics  knew  that  Lafayette 
was  not  a  Catholic,  and  others  knew 
that  Catholics  knew  this,  something 
might  be  gained  in  the  way  of  show- 
ing that  we  are  not  so  narroAv-minded 
that  we  would  not  commemorate  a 
patriot  simply  because  he  was  a  Mason. 
But  with  so  many  Catholics  believing 
that  Lafayette  was  a  Catholic,  and  the 
general  public  thinking  that  we  all  be- 
lieve he  was  a  Catholic,  with  some  of 
our  newspapers  even  claiming  he  was 
a  Catholic  and  trying  at  times  to  bolster 
up  our  patriotism  by  citing  him  as  an 
example,  it  only  brings  us  into  con- 
tempt with  those  who  know  better  for 
us  to  be  acting  as  though  we  were  try- 
ing to  claim  him.  Nor  is  it  in  any 
sense  a  show  of  broad-mindedness  to 
those  who  think  we  believe  he  was  a 
Catholic  and  they  are  the  vast  majority. 

The  difficulty  is,  we  fear,  that  some 
of  us  have  never  been  willing  frankly 
to  face  the  issue  that  Lafayette  was 
not  a  Catholic,  hut  a  Freemason  in  full 
sympathy  with  the  Masonic  teaching 
and  programme.  There  is  no  use  try- 
ing to  blink  the  fact.  On  his  visit  to 
our  country  in  1824  he  was  feted  by 
every  Grand  Lodge  where  he  visited.  I 
quote  from  the  minutes  of  the  Grand 
Lodge  of  the  State  of  New  York  for 
September  20,  1824:  "The  Marquis 
Lafayette  having  accepted  the  invita- 
tion of  the  Grand  Lodge  and  this  day 
having  been  fixed  for  the  entertain- 
ment, the  illustrious  brother  was  re- 
ceived in  the  Grand  Lodge  with  the 
highest  honor  of  Masonry  and  con- 
ducted to  the  right  hand  side  of  the 
chair,  where  he  was  addressed  by  the 
most  worshipful  Grand  Master  as  fol- 
lows. ' ' 

(We  shall  not  reproduce  the  ad- 
dress of  the  Grand  Master,  but  give 
below  the  reply  of  Lafayette.  The 
italics  are  ours.) 

"Most  Worshipful  Grand  Master  and 


Beloved  Brother :  I  am  happy  in  an 
affectionate  welcome;  I  am  proud  of 
the  high  confidential  honors  you  have 
conferred  and  purpose  farther  to 
confer  upon  me.  Our  Masonic  institu- 
tion owes  a  double  lustre  to  those  who 
have  cherished,  and  to  those  who  have 
persecuted  it.  Let  both  glories,  equal 
in  my  opinion,  be  the  pride  of  every 
member  of  our  Fraternity,  until  uni- 
versal freedom  insures  us  universal 
justice." 

From  the  minutes  of  the  Grand 
Lodge  of  Pennsylvania  for  October  2nd, 
1824,  we  quote  the  following: 

"This  being  the  day  apointed  for  a 
dinner  to  our  distinguished  Brother 
General  Lafaj^ette,  about  three  hun- 
dred of  the  Craft  assembled  in  the  Hall 
at  an  early  hour.  The  Past  Worthy 
Deputy,  Grand  Master  and  Grand  of- 
ficers and  members  being  seated  in  the 
Grand  Lodge  Room,  the  door  was  tyled, 
and  the  Grand  Lodge  opened. 

"Present:  Representatives  and  Past 
Masters  from  nearly  all  of  the  Lodges 
in  the  City  and  County  of  Philadel- 
phia, and  a  large  number  of  visiting 
brothers,  among  them  the  following  by 
special  invitation."  (Then  follow  the 
names  of  Grand  Masters,  Grand  Chap- 
lains, Grand  Sword  Bearers,  Grand 
Stewards,  Past  Guards,  etc.,  from  New 
York,  Delaware,  Georgia  and  other 
States.) 

On  this  occasion  Lafayette  made  the 
following  reply  to  the  address  of  wel- 
come: 

"Right  Worshipful  Grand  Master 
and  Brethren :  I  have  often  thought 
that  we  owe  as  much  to  our  enemies  as 
to  our  friends,  and  if  this  observation 
is  true,  it  is  most  true,  when  applied 
to  us  as  Masons.  It  is  to  enmity  and 
persecution  that  the  Masons  of  Europe 
in  modern  times  have  been  indebted 
for  opportunities  of  proving  through 
much  suffering  and  peril,  that  our  prin- 
ciples are  pure,  and  that  our  devotion 
to  them  is  unchangeable." 

In  the  Masonic  Archives  of  Phila- 
delphia, called  "Golden  Book  of  the 


210 


THE   FOKTNIGHTLY   EEVIEW 


May  15 


Supreme  Council  for  the  Western 
Hemisphere,"  is  a  copy  of  the  patent 
conferring'  the  ;]3rd  Degree  upon 
Lafayette  by  that  Supreme  Council. 
There  is  also  a  note  written  and  signed 
by  Lafayette,  May  10,  1834,  just  ten 
days  before  his  death,  accepting  in 
glowing  terms  of  devotion  the  honor 
of  the  33rd  degree  of  Masonry. 
Lafayette's  note  is  as  follows: 

"It  is  to  the  extreme  indulgence  of 
the  Supreme  Council  of  the  United 
States,  that  elevated  to  the  33rd  Degree 
in  spite  of  the  superiority  in  knowledge 
and  in  services  of  many  of  our  brothers. 


/  OM'c  today  the  favors,  of  which  I  am 
not  worthy,  with  which  the  great  Coun- 
cil of  the  Occidental  Hemisphere  has 
deigned  to  overwhelm  me.  I  accept 
them  with  a  deep  gratitude,  and  will 
seek  to  merit  them  by  my  zeal.  May 
our  ancient  institution  propagate 
everywhere  the  Liberty,  the  Equality, 
the  Philanthropy,  and  contribute  to  the 
great  movement  of  social  civilization 
which  ought  to  emancipate  the  two 
Hemispheres." 

Ten  days  after  he  had  written  the 
above  letter,  Lafayette  died  in  Paris, 
May  20,  1834. 


A  New  Attempt  to  Solve  the  Problem  of  Predestination 


The  Rev.  Frederick  Murawski,  in  a 
brief  but  noteworthy  contribution  to 
Theologie  und  Glaube  (Miinster  i.  W., 
1924,  4.  Heft,  pp.  255—258)  attributes 
the  failure  of  theologians  to  solve  the 
problem  of  predestination  satisfactorily 
to  a  wrong  conception  of  God.  W^ 
teach  the  absolute  simplicity  of  God, 
he  says,  but  at  the  same  time  introduce 
various  distinctions,  which  may  possess 
a  certain  value  for  the  human  mind, 
but  have  no  real  basis  in  the  divine  es- 
sence. The  result  is  that  our  concep- 
tion of  God  is  that  of  a  very  perfect 
spirit,  but  essentially  a  creature.  If 
we  must  concede  that  God  ' '  knows  and 
wills  all  things  with  one  single  and  most 
simple  act,"  why  distingish  between 
scientia  simpUeis  inielJigentiae,  visio- 
nis,  and  media?  If  the  power  of  God 
is  not  really  distinct  from  His  knowl- 
edge and  will,  Avhy  speak  of  His  volun- 
tas as  antecedens  and  co>iscqi(ens?  If 
it  is  certain  that  there  is  but  one  act  in 
God,  why  distinguish  between  ordo  in- 
tentionis  and  ordo  executionisf  Such 
distinctions  falsify  the  true  concept  of 
God.  They  are,  moreover,  of  no  use 
for  scientific  purposes  because  they 
savor  of  anthropomorphism. 

The  problem  of  predestination  itself 
is  simple.  Time  is  objectively  the  same 
as  motion  or  succession ;  eternity  is  the 
absence  of  all  succession.  (St.  Thomas, 
Summa  Theol.,  la,  qu.  10,  a.  5).  To 
represent  time  as  a  continuous  entity, 
therefore,  is  a  fiction  (cfr.  Suarez,  Disp. 


Metaph.,  50,  sect.  9,  n.  15).  In  reality 
there  are  as  many  times  as  there  are 
movements ;  that  imaginary  continuous 
entity,  time,  is  nothing  but  the  measure- 
ment of  one  movement  by  another. 
Different  essentially  {plus  quam  ge- 
nere)  from  one  another,  therefore,  time 
and  eternity  are  absolutely  incommen- 
surable, i.  e.,  they  have  no  common 
measure.  It  follows  that  we  must  not 
apply  to  God  expressions  which  in  any 
way  connote  time ;  in  other  words,  in 
God  there  is  neither  past,  present,  nor 
future.  Past  and  future  are  excluded 
not  only  from  God,  but  also  for  God. 
(Suarez,  I.  c,  sect.  3,  n.  1  sq. ;  St. 
Thomas,  Comment,  in  Sent.,  I,  dist.  38, 
qu.  1,  a.  5).  This  is  evident  from  the 
concept  of  actus  pur  us.  Time  and  eter- 
nity co-exist  (Suarez,  De  Div.  Subst.,  1. 
II,  cap.  4,  n.  7).  This  co-existence 
cannot,  it  is  true,  be  grasped  by  the 
imagination,  but  is  can  be  understood 
by  the  intellect.  Since  eternity,  accor- 
ding to  St.  Thomas  {ihid.,  I,  ult.  c), 
is  "one  and  the  same,  and  indivisible 
like  a  standing  now,"  it  must  co-exist 
with  every  particle  of  time  and  with 
all  time.  Hence  for  God  nothing  is 
past  or  future,  but  all  things  are 
present. 

It  follows  :  (1)  that  there  is  no  "fore- 
knowledge" in  God.  What  He  knows, 
He  knows  as  present  by  virtue  of  His 
eternity,  since  all  things  are  actually 
present  to  Him  in  the  strict  sense  of  the 
word.      (2)    Since   God   has   no   fore- 


1925 


THE   FOETXIGHTLY   EEVIEW 


211 


knowledge,  He  does  not  decide  any- 
thing in  advance.  (3)  Knowledge,  will, 
and  operation  being  one  in  God,  His 
knowledge  is  at  the  same  time  willing, 
and  His  willing  is  at  the  same  time 
doing,  and  therefore  the  planning, 
creation,  government,  and  jndgment  of 
the  universe  coalesce  into  one  single 
act.  Hence  there  can  be  no  such  thing 
as  predestination. 

In  the  light  of  this  explanation  it  is 
easy  to  solve  the  difficulties  raised  by 
theologians.  Regarding  God's  knowl- 
edge of  the  conditional  future,  we  must 
say  with  St.  Thomas  (De  Veritate,  qu. 
2,  a.  12),  that  "it  would  be  impossible 
for  God  to  know  the  conditional  future, 
if  He  knew  it  as  future ; "  in  other 
words.  He  knows  the  conditional  future 
in  its  present  actuality.  That  "pre- 
destination" does  not  abolish  freewill, 
follows  from  the  fact  that  it  is  not 
predestination  at  all.  To  say  :  ' '  God 
foresees  things  as  they  will  happen  ;  but 
our  actions  are  free ;  consequently  God 
foresees  them  as  free,  and  His  knowl- 
edge does  not  abolish  freewill,"  is 
wrong  for  the  simple  reason  that  future 
free  actions  cannot,  by  their  very  na- 
ture, be  foreseen  (cfr.  St.  Thomas,  ih., 
I,  ult.  c,  ad  1).  Reprobation,  therefore, 
is  neither  negative  nor  positive,  but 
simplj'  the  final  rejection  of  the  im- 
penitent sinner. 

Since  God  has  positively  revealed 
that  He  Avishes  all  men  to  be  saved  (St. 
Thomas,  De  Verit.,  qu.  2,  a.  12),  it  is 
certain  that  no  one  is  antecedently  ex- 
cluded from  grace.  Foreseen  merits 
or  demerits  {meritw  vel  demerita  prae- 
visa)  play  no  role  whatever  in  the  mat- 
ter of  salvation.  God  gives  to  every 
man  the  necessary  graces  by  means  of 
which  he  can  attain  to  Heaven,  regard- 
less of  any  previous  decree. 

Predestination,  therefore,  may  be  de- 
fined as  God  Himself,  in  so  far  as  He 
knows  in  one  act  all  that  is  knowable, 
selects  that  which  is  to  become  real, 
preserves  and  guides  b}^  natural  and 
supernatural  means  that  which  He  has 
selected,  and  rewards  the  good  and 
punishes  the  wicked;  or,  more  briefly, 
predestination  is  the  supernatural  ope- 
ration of  God. 


This  solution  of  the  vexed  problem 
of  predestination  is  not  new,  but  was 
plainly  in  the  mind  of  St.  Thomas  when 
he  taught  that  there  can  be  no  such 
thing  as  forekuoAvledge  on  the  part  of 
God ;  for  if  there  is  no  divine  foreknowl- 
edge, there  can  be  no  predestination. 


A  Queer  Idea  of  Christianity 

By  A.   H.   Frenke 

(2.   Conclusion) 

Christ  assumes  unto  Himself  the  at- 
tributes of  the  Godhead  and  vouches 
for  the  truth  of  what  He  sa^'S  about 
Himself  by  works  "which  are  bej-ond 
the  order  or  laws  of  the  whole  created 
nature."  These  signs  can  rightly  be 
attributed  only  to  divine  power,  and 
it  would  be  preposterous  to  suppose 
God,  the  very  essence  of  truth,  capable 
of  interfering  with  and  counteracting 
the  forces  of  nature  in  order  to  sanc- 
tion and  sustain  falsehood. 

Neither  the  lives  nor  the  works  of  the 
reputed  founders  of  other  religions  can 
be  submitted  to  the  same  close  scrutiny 
as  those  of  Christ  without  suffering  a 
decidedly  serious  impairment  of  their 
claims. 

For  a  Christian  to  place  other  re- 
ligions on  a  par  with  those  truths  which 
Christ  bequeathed  to  mankind  as  a 
special  legacy  of  His  mission,  would  be 
the  height  of  folly.  He  must  perforce 
insist  that  other  reiligions  are  wrong 
on  all  points  wherein  the}"  are  at  odds 
with  Christian  doctrine,  since,  having 
accepted  beforehand  the  divinity  of 
Jesus  Christ,  he  cannot  logically  prefer 
the  product  of  a  finite  intellect. 

This  attitude  on  the  part  of  Cliris- 
tians  does  not  preclude  them  from 
tolerating  the  opposing  views  of  their 
dissenting  fellow-citizens,  for  tolerance 
is  precisely  the  peaceable  acknowledge- 
ment of  our  neighbor's  right  to  enter- 
tain beliefs  and  opinions  divergent 
from  our  own,  and  even  to  act  upon 
sucih  as  long  as  he  does  not,  by  his 
exercise  of  this  right,  infringe  upon 
the  like  right  vested  in  others.  "Char- 
ity for  all  and  malice  toward  none" 
is  an  eminently  fitting  stand  in  the 
provinces  of  politics  and  religion,  but 


212 


THE   FOETNIGHTLY   REVIEW 


May  15 


it  is  singularly  detrimental  to  mutual 
understanding  and  good  fellowship  to 
becloud  logical  issues  by  possibly'  well- 
meant  but  unfounded  blanket  asser- 
tions of  equality  and  denial  of  dis- 
crepancies in  the  principles  to  which 
we  are  severally  attached.  All  attempts 
at  evasion  of  these  issues  can  only  breed 
suspicion  and  distrust  and  provoke 
groundless  fear  and  needless  antago- 
nism. 

Another  item  in  Mrs.  Carr's  talk 
to  which  at  least  Catholics  and  possibly 
some  of  our  friends  who  .are  not  of  the 
faith,  more  especially  our  Episcopalian 
brothers,  must  object,  is  her  bland  as- 
sertion that ' '  man  is  realizing  that  each 
soul  must  examine  and  find  out  for  it- 
self the  spiritual  path."  Tihis  is,  of 
course,  measureably  so ;  for  those  who 
are  not  of  the  true  fold  and  have  not 
as  yet  the  light  of  grace  should  proceed 
farther  in  quest  of  that  "truth  which 
shall  make  them  free. ' '  However,  judg- 
ing from  the  general  tenor  of  Mrs. 
Cane's  lecture,  she  plainly  means  to 
deny  the  existence  of  a  visible,  organic,' 
corporate  Church,  commissioned  by 
Jesus  Christ  to  expound  His  teachings 
and  to  exact  absolute,  unhesitating 
adherence  to  its  exposition  of  His 
AVord.  A  careful  study  of  the  struc- 
ture of  S.  Scripture  discloses  that  it 
is  not  destined  primarily  to  instruct 
the  faithful  as  to  the  truths  of  the 
religion  founded  by  Jesus  Christ,  but 
rather  to  bear  testimony  for  the  living 
Church  which  He  instituted  to  per- 
petuate on  earth  His  doctrine  and  His 
precepts  until  time  shall  be  no  more. 

That  Mrs.  Carre  should  refuse  to 
take  cognizance  of  this  feature  of  the 
question  upon  which  she  engages  to 
elucidate  the  public,  is  quite  in  har- 
mony with  her  disposition  to  rob  Chris- 
tianity of  its  most  prized  prerogative, 
reducing  it  to  a  mere  natural-law  re- 
ligion, whose  influence  is  materially 
enhanced  by  the  sublime  lessons  of  a 
Christ  shorn  of  His  divinity. 

AT   SUNSET 

By   Charles   J.    Q^drlc,    S.    J. 
I  saw  the  evening  glory, 

Above   a  reverent  hill, 
An   Epic   of   Day's   Story, 

Lovely  and  very  still. 


Notes  and  Gleanings 


Mr.  AVilliam  Bolitho  speaks  of  "that 
new  lay  religion,  the  worship  of  the 
Unknown  Soldier,"  This  religion  is  a 
real  religion,  which  puts  the  re- 
ligion of  the  churches  to  shame.  And  it 
is  the  religion  of  Mars,  not  Christ. — 
Unity. 

An  old  and  Middle  Irish  dictionary 
is  being  prepared  under  the  direction  of 
Prof.  Rudolph  Thurneysen,  of  Bonn, 
Germany. 

Msgr.  Anton  de  Waal's  "Rompil- 
ger"  has  been  published  in  a  tenth 
edition.  As  overhauled,  revised,  and 
brought  up  to  date  by  the  Rt.  Rev. 
Msgr.  J.  P.  Kirsch,  D.  D.,  of  the  Uni- 
versitj^  of  Fribourg,  this  "Guide  to 
the  Sanctuaries  and  Noteworthy  Sights 
of  the  Eternal  Cit}",  as  well  as  of  the 
Other  Chief  Cities  of  Italy,"  as  the 
subtitle  describes  it,  is  an  ideal  vade- 
mecum  for  those  (assuming  that  they 
can  read  German)  who  will  journey  to 
Rome  in  this  Jubilee  Year  to  gain  the 
Great  Indulgence.  The  text,  with  the 
index  runs  to  456  pages  in  6  point  type, 
and  is  illustrated  with  21  maps,  a 
railroad  guide  for  the  whole  of  Italy,  a 
large  plan  of  the  Eternal  City,  and 
83  engravings,  among  them  a  fine  por- 
trait of  Pius  XI,  which  fittingly  serves 
as  frontispiece.  Altogether  a  guide 
book  so  well  adapted  to  its  purpose 
that  it  can  be  recommended  without 
reserve  or  qualification.      (Herder). 


In  an  88-page  Latin  brochure  pub- 
lished by  Fr.  Pustet,  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Stanislaus  Stephan,  of  the  Diocese  of 
Warsaw,  discourses  learnedly  ' '  De  Ele- 
mentis  Liturgiae  Christianae."  His 
principal  object  is  to  ground  the  stu- 
dent in  the  rudiments  of  the  sacred 
liturgy.  Cardinal  Billot,  S.  J.,  in  a 
letter  to  the  author,  praises  him  es- 
pecially for  bringing  out  clearly  the 
fundamental  notion  of  sacrifice  and  for 
refuting  those  writers  who  reduce  that 
notion  to  the  simple  concept  of  a  gift 
{donum),  and  thus,  in  the  words  of 
His  Eminence,  "  [ideam  fundamenta- 


1925 


THE   FOETNIGHTLY   EEVIEW 


213 


lem  sacrificii]  corrumpunt  et  quodam- 
modo  evacuant."  This  is  as  good  a 
place  as  any  to  express  regret  at  the 
fact  that  most  modern  publications  on 
the  sacred  liturgy  are  inspired,  at  least 
in  part,  by  a  desire  to  advance  some 
pet  theory  not  universally  accepted  by 
theologians.  This  undoubtedly  hurts 
the  "liturgical  movement,"  and  the 
tendency  ought  therefore  to  be  com- 
batted. 


We  are  hearing  to  boredom  "what  we 
know  to  be  untrue — that  our  faith  is  an 
out-of-date  anachronism.  To  a  great 
extent  this  is  mere  bluff;  but  the 
Modernists  reply  in  effect :  ' '  Very  well, 
we  will  modify  and  adapt  it  to  your 
liking." — "No,"  says  the  Catholic 
Church;  "On  the  contrary,  hold  fast 
and  fear  nothing — beyond  these  voices 
you  shall  find  peace." 


Let  the  culpable  authors  of  the  war 
be  visited  with  execration  if  discover- 
able— Lord  Bertie's  "Memoirs"  sug- 
gest that  they  cannot  so  easily  be  de- 
termined— but  it  is  surely  time  for  in- 
ternational racial  hatred,  which  Avas 
never  lawful,  to  be  universally  scouted 
as  a  relic  of  savagerv. — The  Month,  No. 
725,  p.  454. 

A  short  account  of  the  meaning  and 
the  history  of  the  Holy  Year  and  the 
conditions  under  which  the  Great  In- 
dulgence may  be  obtained,  is  present- 
ed in  Dr.  E.  J.  Mahony's  booklet,  "The 
Jubilee  Year  1925"  (Benziger  Bros.). 
Incidentally  the  author  clears  up  some 
difficulties,  for  instance,  that  drawn  by 
Protestant  writers  from  the  use  of  the 
phrase  "a  poena  et  culpa,"  which  oc- 
curs in  some  of  the  early  jubilee  bulls. 
The  implication,  of  course,  is  that  the 
indulgence  "a  poena  et  culpa"  {i.  e., 
remission  of  both  the  punishment  and 
the  guilt)  refers  to  a  particularly  at- 
tractive indulgence  which  remitted  sin 
without  the  burden  of  contrition  and 
confession.  "The  phrase,"  says  Dr. 
Mahoney,  "is  admittedly  loose  and  is 
no  longer  employed;  but  inasmuch  as 
the  documents  proclaiming  an  indul- 
gence of  this  kind  always  required  con- 


fession as  a  necessary  condition,  there 
is  no  room  whatever  for  this  wrong 
interpretation.  The  words  can  only 
imply  a  general  signification — the  pun- 
ishment due  to  sin,  or  be  understood 
as  referring  to  the  extended  faculties 
over  resei'ved  sins  which  accompanied, 
and  still  accompany,  the  promulgation 
of  the  Jubilee  Indulgence." 


Rome  recently  celebrated  the  400th 
anniversary  of  Giovanni  Pierluigi  da 
Palestrina,  the  famous  Italian  com- 
poser, and  the  occasion  was  marked  by 
numerous  lectures  and  concerts.  The 
fame  of  Palestrina  abated  considerably 
when  the  opera  was  introduced.  Of 
late,  however,  Palestrina 's  music  has 
been  revived  and  he  has  been  restored 
to  his  place  among  the  best  Italian 
composers.  In  the  summer  of  last  year 
invitations  were  issued  by  the  Academy 
of  Santa  Cecilia  to  all  those  who  were 
known  to  possess  manuscripts  or  other 
vorks  belonging  to  Palestrina,  to  loan 
them  for  the  purpose  of  an  exhibition. 
Some  accounts  of  the  existence  of  a 
diary  of  Palestrina  have  been  circulat- 
ed and  have  aroused  great  interest,  but 
no  trace  of  the  diary  has  been  found  as 
yet. 


In  the  Ave  Maria  (N.  S.,  Vol.  XXI, 
No.  13)  Father  Edmund  Hill,  C.  P., 
mentions  "a  singular  book"  by  a  Prot- 
estant Episcopal  clergyman,  whose 
name  he  does  not  mention,  entitled, 
"The  Gospel  in  the  Stars."  "The 
learned  author,"  says  Fr.  Hill,  "main- 
tains that  the  principal  constellations 
were  originally  named  by  the  Patri- 
archs, who  read  in  them  the  story  of 
Redemption :  the  promised  Virgin,  the 
infernal  serpent,  the  divine  Conqueror, 
and  so  on.  Some  of  the  names  given 
to  particular  constellations  were  after- 
wards supplanted  by  those  of  pagan 
mythology.  Much  stress  is  laid  upon 
what  Moses  tells  us  (Gen.,  i,  14),  that 
God  appointed  the  stars  for  'signs.' 
And  assuredly,  we  can  not  reasonably 
suppose  that  the  constellations  were 
formed  by  mere  chance." 

It  is  safer  to  judge  a  man  by  what  he 
says  about  others  than  by  what  they 
say  about  him. 


214 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY   EEVIEW 


May  15 


Correspondence 


The     "Possible"     in     Scholastic     Philosophy 

To  the  Editor:  — 

In  answer  to  :  ' '  Whose  is  the  Slip  ? " ' 
(F.  E.,  May  1,  1925;  page  193)  I  wish  to 
say  that  the  interesting  quotation  from  the 
' '  Praelectiones  Dogmaticae, ' '  Louvain  1902 
(author  and  page  not  given)  seems  but  to 
confirm  the  doctrine  of  P.  Hugon,  0.  P., 
"  Metaphysica, "  II,  p.  37.  We  read  in 
that  lengthy  quotation  from  the  said  Praelec- 
tiones among  other  things :  "...  Homo  en im 
ad  quamcumque  operationem  rationalem  iii- 
diget  idea  praevia  effectus  tanquam  comph- 
mento  necessario  actionis  suae. ' ' 

Now  no  sane  man  sets  about  to  produce 
something  before  he  considers  such  produc- 
tion possible.  This  possibility  is,  in  the 
words  of  the  ' '  Praelectiones,  "  a  "  comple- 
mentum  necessarium;  it  is,  evidently,  some- 
thing. P.  Hugon,  therefore,  rightly  teaches 
that  ' '  possibile  habet  alicjuod  esse  reale- 
ideale. ' '  Dr.  A.  Muller 

Chicago,  111. 


Excerpts    from    Letters 

There  is  notliing  that  I  like  better  than  a 
fellow  who  has  convictions  and  has  courage 
enough  to  stick  up  for  them,  and  whom  the 
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if  at  times  it  be  a  strong  one.  I  can  only 
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BOOK  REVIEWS 


Dr.   Schumacher's    "Old   Testament" 

Another  volume  has  just  been  added  to  the 
"Handbook  of  Scripture  Study"  by  the 
Eev.  Dr.  H.  Schumacher,  professor  of  N.  T. 
Exegesis  in  the  Catholic  University  of  Ameri- 
ca. This  volume,  the  second  of  the  set,  contains 
the  Introduction  to  the  Old  Testament,  and 
thus  completes  what  now  is  the  most  practical 
text-book  of  Biblical  Introduction  in  the 
English  language.  Various  scholarly  authors 
have  published  English  texts  on  the  same 
subject,  excellent  works,  which  justly  claim 
their  place  on  the  reference  shelf  of  the  Bible 
student  and  professor.  But  the  precise, 
synoptic  method  of  treatment  characteristic 
of  Dr.  Schumacher's  volumes  (Cf.  F.  R.,  Vol. 
XXIX,  pp.  ^22,  296;  Vol.  XXX,  p.  469), 
together  with  a  stimulating  freshness  which 
the  copious  mention  of  important  problems 
and  recent  literature  gives  to  the  material, 
njakes  this  new  three-volume  Introduction  a 
much  desired  ' '  Handbook  of  Scripture 
Study ' '  for  our  seminaries.  The  student, 
with  this  text  in  hand,  will  receive  a  com- 
prehensive accjuaintance  with  the  nature  and 
difficulties  of  the  Sacred  Books;  and  yet,  the 
matter  is  so  summarily  treated  that  he  will 
eagerly  incjuire  into  the  special  questions 
himself,  or  attentively  listen  to  the  professor 's 
elucidations  in  class.  On  the  numerous  points 
of  controvers}',  which  modern  scholarship  has 
raised,  the  author  entrenches  himself  behind 
the  sound  Catholic  position,  but  in  such  a 
mamier  as  to  meet  the  specious  objections 
with  a  clear  and  effective  refutation. 

In  the  presentation  of  the  Pentateuchal 
problem,  for  instance,  no  space  is  lost  in  a 
lengthy  review  of  the  various  theories  that 
prepared  the  ground  for  the  present  position 
of  the  radical  Wellhausen  school,  since  a 
staunch  array  of  counter-arguments  and  an 
adequate  exposition  of  the  Mosaic  authorship 
is  of  far  greater  practical  benefit  to  the  priest 
of  to-day.  So  likewise  for  the  other  historical 
books  it  has  been  found  more  helpful  to  give 
them  their  proper  setting  amid  the  data  of 


216 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY   REVIEW 


May  15 


synchronous  history,  than  to  devote  pages  to 
discussions  of  internal  difficulties.  The  chap- 
ter on  the  Psalter  may  seem  too  concise  for 
the  future  devotee  of  the  Breviary.  However, 
the  general  nature  of  the  Psalms  and  their 
authorship  is  -well  explained, — an  exegetical 
treatment  the  student  should  not  expect  to 
tind  in  an  introductory  manual.  In  the 
cliapters  on  the  prophetical  books  the  Mes- 
sianic prophecies  and  the  typical  references 
to  the  Kingdom  of  God  are  emphasized  as 
the  chief  features  that  furnish  a  wealth  of 
pertinent  allusions  for  the  use  of  God's  of- 
ficial spokesman  in  our  own  day. 

In  commenting  on  Dr.  Schumacher's  work, 
the  author 's  first  purpose  must  be  borne  in 
mind, — to  provide  our  semmarists  with  a 
' '  Handbook  of  Scripture  Study ' '  that  is 
precise  and  practical,  that  takes  into  account 
and  refutes  the  latest  objections  to  the  sacred 
and  authentic  character  of  the  inspired 
writings,  and  that  stimulates  and  guides 
professor  and  student  alike  towards  a  closer 
personal  inquiry  into  the  problems  with  the 
aid  of  the  vast  literature  suggested.  The 
use  of  this  text-book  in  the  class-room  will 
readily  prove  that  Dr.  Schumacher  has 
thoroughly  achieved  his  purpose. 

(Handbook  of  Scripture  Study.  Vol.  II, 
The  Old  Testament.  By  the  Rev.  H! 
Schumacher,  D.  D.     B.  Herder  Book  Co.) 

B.    A.    S. 


Literary  Briefs 

— A  free  and  somewhat  abbreviated  Ger- 
man translation  of  Fr.  Poulain's  classic  in- 
troduction to  mystical  theology  has  been  in- 
corporated into  Herder's  famous  "Aszetische 
Bibliothek ' '  under  the  title,  ' '  Handbuch  der 
Mystik. ' '  The  anonymous  adapter  has  added 
some  instructive  notes  of  his  own.  (B.  Herder 
Book  Co.) 

— Fr.  0.  R.  Vassall-Phillips,  C.  SS.  R.,  has 
made  a  new  translation  of  St.  Cyprian 's 
classic  treatise  ' '  De  Unitate  Ecclesiae, ' ' 
which  the  Manresa  Press  publishes  under  the 
caption,  ' '  On  the  Unity  of  the  Catholic 
Church. ' '  After  a  summary  of  the  events  of 
the  Saint's  life,  a  17-page  preface  explains 
the  circumstances  of  the  writing  of  this 
treatise,  shows  its  applicability  to-day,  and 
makes  it  clear  how  certain  Protestant  writers 
misunderstand  its  argument.  The  transla- 
tion is  faithful,  nay  almost  literal,  without, 
however,  being  crude.  There  are  a  number 
of  helpful  explanatory  footnotes  and  three 
' '  appended  notes, ' '  in  the  first  of  which  the 
famous  ' '  interpolations, ' '  left  out  from  the 
translation,  are  printed  in  full  and  critically 
discussed,  while  in  the  other  two,  passages 
often  quoted  and  misused  by  anti-Catholic 
controversialists  are  examined  in  detail.  Is 
it  too  much  to  hope  that  Fr.  Vassall-Phillips, 
who  manifestly  has  a  knack  for  this  sort  of 
work,  will  give  us  translations  of  other  im- 
portant   Patristic    documents,     such    as    the 


SECOND  HAND  BOOKS  FOR  SALE 

(Terms:    Cash   with    Order;    Postage   Pre- 
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Lucas,  Herbert,  S.  J.  In  the  Morning  of 
Life.  Considerations  and  Meditations, 
(for  boys  and  young  men).  4th  ed.  Lon- 
don,   1925.      $1.25. 

Lucas,  Herbert,  S.  J.  At  the  Parting  of 
the  Ways.  Spiritual  Discourses  addressed 
to  Bovs).  3rd  impression.  London,  1924. 
$1.25.' 

Index  Volume  to  Johannes  Janssen's  His- 
tory of  the  German  People  after  the  Close 
of  the  Middle  Ages.     London,  1925.     $4. 

The  Last  Letters  of  Blessed  Thomas  More. 
Introduced  by  Cardinal  Gasquet  and  edit- 
ed with  Connecting  Narrative  by  W.  E. 
Campbell.     London,  1924.     $1.20. 

Rickaby,  Joseph,  S.  J.  Readings  from  St. 
Augustine  on  the  Psalms.  London,  1925. 
$1.00. 

Lord,  Daniel  A.,  S.  J.  Six  One-Act  Plays. 
N.  Y.,  1925.     $1.50. 

Stebbing,  Geo.  (C.  SS.  R.).  The  Redemp- 
torists.     London,  1924.     $2. 

McCann,  Justin,  O.  S.  B.  The  Cloud  of 
Unknowing  and  Other  Treatises  by  an 
English  Mystic  of  the  14th  Century.  With 
a  Commentary  by  Fr.  Aug.  Baker,  0.  S. 
B.  London,  1924.     $1. 

U.  S.  Catholic  Chaplains  in  the  World  War. 
N.  Y.,  1924.     $1.50. 

Grussi,  A.  M.  Chats  on  Christian  Names. 
Boston,   1925.     $2. 

Poulain,  Aug.  (S.  J.).  Handbuch  der 
Mystik.  Freie  Wiedergabe.  Freiburg  i. 
B.,   $2. 

Gladder,  H.  J.  (S.  J.).  In  Tlie  FuMess  of 
Time.  The  Gospel  of  St.  Matthew  Ex- 
plained. Tr.  by  G.  J.  Schulte,  S.  J.  St. 
Louis,  1925.     $2. 

Schreiner,  Geo.  A.  The  Craft  Sinister.  A 
Diplomatico-Political  History  of  The 
Great  War  and  its  Causes.  N.  Y.,  1920. 
$2._ 

Latini,  Jos.  luris  Crimmalis  Philosophic] 
Summa  Lineamenta.  Turin,  1924.  50 
cts.      (Wrapper). 

Herwegen,  lid.  Der  Weg  der  Kirche  ini  hi. 
Jahr  1925.     Ratisbon,  1925.  50  cts. 

Rosenberg,  H.  Die  Hymnen  des  Breviers  in 
Urform  und  neuen  deutschen  Nachdich- 
tungen.  Zweite  (Schluss-)  Abteilung. 
Freiburg  i.  B.,  1924.  80  cts. 

Mary  Elizabeth  Townley,  in  Religion  Sister 
Marie  des  Saintes  Anges.  A  IMemoir  with 
a  Preface  by  the  Bp.  of  Southwark.  Lon- 
don,  1924.   $2. 

Ude,  J.  Das  Wirtschaftsideal  des  Volks- 
und  Staatshaushaltes.  Graz  &  Wien, 
1924.   $1.    (Wrapper). 

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Ignatian  and  Clementine  epistles,  Irenaeus, 
etc.,  and  thereby  supply  a  real  need?  (B. 
Herder  Book  Co.) 

—"Love  Songs  of  Sion"  is  a  selection  of 
devotional  verse  from  old  English  sources, 
adapted  by  Neville  Watts.  The  poetry  in 
this  booklet  is  representative  of  Catholic 
England  in  the  ages  of  faith.  It  is  "as 
native  and  as  uncultured  as  the  violet  of  the 
English  hedgerow;  it  sings  in  'native  wood- 
notes  wild'  like  the  English  thrush."  Most 
of  it  is  anonymous,  and  the  editor  justly 
claims  that  all  of  it  "  illuminates  for  us  the 
penetralia  of  England's  soul  more  searching- 
ly  than  any  other  literary  survival  between 
Chaucer  and  Shakespeare."  The  adaptation 
consists  mainly  in  nioderniziug  the  spelling. 
(Benziger   Bros.) 

— The  Eev.  Cyril  Baumeister,  O.  C.  D., 
of  Holy  Hill  (Hubertus  P.  O.)  Wis.,  has 
kindly  sent  us  a  copy  of  the  second  volume 
of  a  new  German  translation  of  the  writings 
of  St.  John  of  the  Cross,  which  is  being 
edited  by  the  Carmelite  Fathers  in  Bavaria. 
This  elegantly  printed  volume  contains  the 
famous  16th  century  mystic's  treatise,  "Dark 
Night."  The  dark  night  of  the  soul,  ac- 
cording 1o  St.  John,  consists  in  its  passive 
purgation,  where  God  by  heavy,  particularly 
interior  trials,  completes  what  the  soul  in 
search  of  perfection  had  begun  of  its  own 
accord.  It  is  here,  as  the  editor  points  out 
in  his  Introduction,  that  there  lies  one  of 
the  essential  differences  between  the  mysti- 
cism of  St.  John  of  the  Cross  and  the  false 
quietism  condemned  by  the  Church.  The 
perfect  purgation  of  the  soul  leaves  it  free 
to  act  with  wonderful  energy,  as  is  shown  in 
the  marvelous  accomplishments  of  so  many 
saints.  As  the  soul  emerges  from  the  Dark 
Night,  it  enters  into  the  full  moonlight  de- 
scribed in  the  same  author's  "Spiritual  Can- 
ticle" and  the  "Living  Flame  of  Love." 
The  translator  of  this  treatise,  Fr.  Aloysius 
ab  Immaculata  Conceptione,  O.  C.  D.,  has 
done  his  work  well,  and  the  notes  which  he 
has  added  to  the  text  are  pertinent  and  help- 
ful. If  the  other  volumes  are  as  adequately 
done  as  this  one,  the  series  deserves  cordial 
recommendation.  (Munich:  Theatiner  Ver- 
lag). 

— Benziger  Bros,  have  published  a  new 
de  luxe  edition  of  Fr.  Daniel  A.  Lord 's  ' '  Our 
Nuns, ' '  which  was  reviewed  in  the  F.  E.  of 
Apr.  1,  1924,  page  139.  The  book  is  bound 
in  imitation  blue  leather  Avith  gold  top  and 
sells  for  $3. 

— Volume  XIII  of  Abbot  Ildephonse 
Herwegen  's  series,  ' '  Ecclesia  Orans, ' '  is 
devoted  to  a  translation  and  short  expla- 
nation of  those  passages  from  the  writings 
of  the  Church  Fathers  which  occur  in  the 
Pars  niemalis  of  the  Eoman  Breviary.  The 
work  has  been  competently  done  by  Dom 
Athanasius  Wintersig,  O.  S.  B.,  of  Maria 
Laach  Abbey,  who  also  contributes  a  schol- 
arly   introduction    on    the   manner    in   which 


218 


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these  Lectiones  made  their  way  into  the  Bre- 
viary, the  order  in  which  they  occur,  etc. 
These  readings  are  often  hardly  intelligible 
because  of  the  process  of  shortening  to  which 
they  were  subjected.  Dom  Athanasius  sup- 
plies the  omitted  passages  necessary  for  a 
full  understanding  of  the  Breviary  texts. 
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' '  The  Chinese  of  the  Eastern  States. ' '  By 
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A  Handhoolc  of  Scripture  Study.  By  the 
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A  True  Biography 

not  only  shows  us  men  with  their 
halo,  but  also  their  delinquencies. 
You  find  this  rule  applies  to  all  true 
biographies,  with  only  one  excep- 
tion, namely,  that  of  Our  Lord  and 
Saviour. 

The  Prophetical  Biography  of 
Jesus  Christ 

is  a  most  notable  book,  written  by 
that   inspired   penman. 

Rev.   V.   Krull.    C.PP.S. 

For  sale  at  all  Catholic  Book  stores 
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Publisher, 

JOHN  W.  WINTERICH,  cuvELAND^^d* 


E  E< 


A  Catholic  newspaper  of  superior 
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Father  F.  Eombouts,  of  New  Orleans, 
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problem.     Von  Karl  Sudbrack  S.  J.  38  pp. 

8vo.       Habelschwerdt     i.     Sehl. :     Frankes 

Buchhandlung.      (Paper). 
The   Classic   Reply   to   Infidelity.     Lambert's 

Reply    to    Ingersoll.      64    pp.    4i/4x7i/i>    in. 

Huntington,     Ind. :     Our     Sunday     Visitor 

Press.      (Pamphlet). 
Adventists    and    Russellites.      Their    Charges 

Refuted.     32  pp.  5i^x7i/^  in.     Our  Sunday 

Visitor  Press.     (Pamphlet). 
Psalmenschlilssel.     Einfiihrung  in  die  sprach- 

lichen   Eigentiimlichkeiten   und  in   den   Ge- 

dankengang      der      Brevierpsalmen.        Von 

Pfarrer   Dr.    Stephan.      3te   Aufl.    344   pp. 

8vo.     RatiSbon:    Kosel  &  Pustet.     $2   net. 
The  Ways  of  God.     The  Story  of  a  Conver- 
sion.     From    the    French    of    Madame    H. 

Mink-Jullien   by   M.   D.   M.   Goldschild,   B. 

A.    xxvii  &  136  pp.     4:%x6%  in.    Benziger 

Bros.     $1.10  net. 
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Continents.     By  Stephen  Richarz,  S.  V.  D. 

12    pp.    8vo.     (Reprinted    from    the    Pan- 
American    Geologist).      Des    Moines,    la.: 

Geological  Publishing  Co. 
The  American  Character.     By  Rev.  Felix  M. 

Kirsch,  O.  M.  Cap.  24  pp.  8vo.     Reprinted 

from     the     Catholic     Educational     Review. 

Washington,  D.  C. :  National  Capital  Press. 

(Paper). 


220 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


May  15 


A  SPRINKLE  OF  SPICE 


Man's  a  fuiiuy  creature.  Wlii-u  he  reads 
a  medical  book  he  fancies  he  has  every  disease 
described;  but  let  him  read  the  work  of  a 
moralist  and  all  the  faults  pointed  out  he 
sees  not  in  himself,  but  in  his  neighbor. 

Paced  by  a  Holy  Year  pilgrim's  problem: 
"Is  a  dinner  jacket  de  rigxieur  on  the  steam- 
er?"— Colimbia  advises  American  pilgrims  to 
worry  more  about  their  mental  equipment  than 
their  baggage.  Our  contemporary  tells  this 
story  to  the  point:  Two  ladies  from  New 
Y'ork  State  were  in  a  tourist  office  making 
alterations  in  their  itinerary.  ' '  Perhaps, ' ' 
suggested  the  clerk,  "you  would  like  to  visit 
Perugia?"  "But,"  one  of  the  tourists  ob- 
jected, ' '  we  've  done  Perugia  already. "  "  Oh, 
but  I  'm  sure  we  haven 't, ' '  the  other  protest- 
ed. "Yes  we  have,  dear,"  insisted  the  first 
lady  in  a  tone  that  carried  finality.  "Don't 
you  remember?  Perugia  is  the  place  where 
we  saw  the  two  dogs  fighting  in  the  street. ' ' 


A  very  interesting  story  is  told  in  the  Ave 
Maria  of  a  man  who  crawled  into  a  hollow 
log  for  shelter  during  a  thunderstorm.  ¥n. 
fortunately  the  rain  was  so  heavy  that  it 
soaked  the  log,  which  began  to  swell.  The 
poor  fellow,  wedged  in  so  tight  that  he  could 
not  move,  was  about  to  give  himself  up  for 
lost  when  he  remembered  that  he  had  not 
paid  his  supseription  to  the  Catholic  news- 
paper he  received  every  week.  This  made 
him  feel  so  small  that  he  was  able  to  crawl 
out  of  the  log  through  a  knot  hole.  No  prizes 
are  offered  to  those  who  can  find  a  moral  to 
this  story.  

A  man  never  knows  how  little  he  is  worth 
until  the  sheriff  disposes  of  his  property. 


Young  Lady  (in  distress):  "My  car's 
stalled.     Have  you  a  spare  plug?" 

Farmer:  "Sorry,  lady;  I  don't  chew,  but 
I  got  an  old  cigar  I  kin  give  you."  ,. 


The  little  boy  said  to  his  father:  "Say, 
Dad,  that  apple  I  just  ate  had  a  worm  in  it, 
and  I  ate  that  too." 

"What?"  said  his  startled  parent,  "Here, 
drink  this  water  and  wash  it  down. ' ' 

But  Junior  shook  his  head.     ' '  Aw,  let   'ini 

walk  down. ' ' 

Two  darkies  were  under  a  tree  in  a  violent 
thunderstorm. 

"Julius,  can  you  pray?"  asked  the  one. 
"No,  Sam,  Ah  never  prayed  in  my  life." 
"Well,  cain't  you  sing  a  hymn?" 
"No,  Sam,  don't  know  no. hymn." 
Just   then   lightning   struck   a   tree   nearby 
and  the  two   ebony  gentlemen  almost  turned 
white.     Sam  was  the  first  to   find  his  voice, 
and   turned   to    his    companion.      "Well,    see 
heah,   Julius,    sumfin'   religious    's   got   to   be 
done  mighty  sudden.     S  'pose  you  pass  roun ' 
tlie  contribution  box  I  '' 


Just   Published! 

IN  THE  FULNESS 
OF  TIME 

The  Gospel  of  St.   Matthew 
Explained 

By 

HERMAN  J.  GLADDER,  S.  J. 

TRANSLATED  BY 
GODFREY  J.  SCHULTE,  S.  J. 

Cloth,  8vo.,  XII  &  388  Pages 
Net  $2.25 


T 


HE  work  is  neither  a  text-book  of 
exegesis  nor  a  volume  of  medita- 
tions; though  it  might  serve  ad- 
mirably for  either.  It  is  not  the  author 's 
purpose  to  explain  verse  after  verse,  in 
dry  scholastic  fashion,  but  to  interpret 
the  ideas  which  the  sacred  writer  wished 
to  impress  on  his  contemporaries  at  the 
time  when  he  was  leaving  Palestine  to 
teach  the   Gospel  to  the   Gentiles. 

The  book  is  divided  into  two  sections. 
The  first  is  a  description  of  the  tragic 
struggle  between  God's  grace  and  the 
Jew's  unbelief.  The  obstinacy  with 
which  they  long  resisted  God's  merciful 
designs  in  the  Old  Law,  stiffens  and 
grows  even  violent,  when  the  Messias^ 
comes  to  realize  the  visions  of  the  Pro- 
phets and  makes  the  Israelites  the  first 
citizens  of  God's  kingdom  on  earth. 

So  the  second  section  of  the  book  opens 
with  the  fateful  events  at  Caesarea 
Philippi.  Simon  makes  his  solemn  pro- 
fession of  faith  in  .Jesus  as  the  Christ, 
the  Son  of  God;  and  Jesus  names  Simon 
the  Rock  on  which  His  Church  will  rise. 
Christ  continues  to  prepare  the  Disciples 
for  their  future  career;  initiating  them 
into  the  mystery  of  the  Cross.  Then 
follows  Christ 's  final  struggle  with  Juda- 
ism; His  triumph  over  His  enemies  in 
His  Resurrection ;  and  His  Commission  to 
His  Apostles  to  go  forth  and  conquer 
the  world  for  the  Kingdom  of  God. 

Father  Gladder 's  readers  will  do  more 
than  discover  the  message  and  well 
planned  argument  of  St.  Matthew.  From 
this  work  they  will  bring  a  neAV  relish 
and  understanding  to  the  reading  of  any 
of  the   Sacred  Books. 

B.  Herder  Book  Co. 

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1925  THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW  221 

WHAT   FIVE    HUNDRED    DOLLARS    WILL   DO 

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THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEYIEW 


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The  "CAECILIA" 


TWENTY     HYMNS     in     honor     of     the 
BLESSED  VIRGIN  MARY 

for  Four  Male  Voices 
Compiled  by  Otto  A.  Singenberger 

Price   .60   cents  Net 

A     Collection     of     Easy     and     Pleasing 
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Address  orders  to: 

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The  Fortnigfhtly  Review 


VOL.   XXXII,  XO.   11 


ST.   LOUIS,  MISSOURI 


June   1st,   1925 


CHRONICLE  AND  COMMENT 


The  Rural  Problem 

Commenting  on  the  ease  of  an  Italian 
immigrant  wlio  has  been  exceptionally 
successfnl  as  a  farmer  in  Arkansas,  the 
Central  Bureau  in  a  recent  press  bulle- 
tin stresses  the  need  of  some  Catholic 
association  to  direct  many  of  the  Italian 
peasant  sons  now  working  as  laborers 
in  the  mines  and  steel  mills  to  deserted 
farms  in  the  northern  and  southern 
States,  where,  with  some  assistance, 
the}'  could  become  home  o\^^lers.  The 
Bureau  recalls  the  fact  that  Pius  X, 
in  speaking  of  the  lowh^  that  should  be 
assisted  through  Catholic  action,  men- 
tioned the  agricultural  as  well  as  the 
working  classes,  and  adds:  "No  truly 
Catholic  [social]  movement  may 
neglect  to  concern  itself  with  the  land 
and  those  that  till  the  soil,  since  no 
nation  lacking  a  sturdy  and  numerous 
class  of  freeholders  can  be  really  great 
and  happy.  And  since  Rev.  Dr.  Edwin 
O'Hara  has  proved  the  importance  of 
the  rural  classes  for  the  welfare  of  the 
Church  in  this  country,  Catholic  Action 
should  give  the  rural  ciuestion  more 
than    merely    passing    attention." 

We  have  or  had  a  Catholic  Coloniza- 
tion Association  for  the  purpose  indi- 
cated; wonder  what  that  body  has  been 
doing  toward  settling'  Catholic  im- 
migrants on  the  land  and  assisting  them 
in  becoming  freeholders  ? 

Monctheisns  Among  Primitive  Peoples 

Under  this  title  Dr.  Paul  Radin,  late 
professor  of  anthropology  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  California,  has  published  the 
"Arthur  Davis  Memorial  Lecture''  de- 
livered by  him  in  1924  before  the 
Jewish  Historical  Society.  The  thesis 
of  this  lecture  is  that  primitive  peoples 
quite  clearly  show^  that  Monotheism  is 
original  among  them,  and  not  the  re- 


sult of  an  evolution  in  belief  from  the 
more  complex  to  the  simple. 

Dr.  Radin  takes  up  the  thesis,  so 
brilliantly  worked  out  by  Father  Wm. 
Schmidt,  S.  V.  D.,  and  supports  it  by 
examples  taken  from  the  North  Ameri- 
can Indians.  "No  progress  Avill  ever 
be  achieved,"  he  says,  "until  scholars 
rid  themselves,  once  and  for  ail,  of  the 
curious  notion  that  everything  possesses 
an  evolutionary  history ;  until  they 
realize  that  certain  ideas  and  certain 
concepts  are  as  ultimate  for  man,  as  a 
social  being,  as  specific  physiological 
reactions  are  for  man  as  a  biological 
entity It  must  be  explicitly  recog- 
nized that  in  temperament  and  in  capa- 
city for  logical  and  symbolical  thought 
there  is  no  difference  between  civilized 
and  primitive  man." 

Catholic  Stadstics 

Bishop  Kelle3''s  paper,  the  South- 
west Courier,  of  Oklahoma  City  (Vol. 
IV,  No.  16),  shares  the  idea  so  often 
expressed  in  the  F.  R.,  that  Catholic 
statistics  in  the  U.  S.  have  for  years 
been  unduly  padded, — mainly,  it 
seems,  to  furnish  a  basis  for  foolish 
boasts  about  the  wonderful  growth  of 
the  Church  in  America. 

"Speaking  of  Catholic  statistics," 
says  our  contemporary,  it  is  said  that 
in  the  past  some  of  the  diocesan  chan- 
cellors weren't  so  good  on  figures,  at 
least  not  in  addition,  though  some  were 
very  good  in  multiplication.  For  that 
reason  the  diocesan  figures  showed  huge 
growths  and  made  the  ordinary  Cath- 
olic swagger  just  a  trifle.  As  this  had 
to  be  kept  up  each  year,  or  show  a 
decided  lack  of  gain,  the  result  was  an 
overproduction  in  figures.  A  set  of 
statistics  that  is  faulty  is  both  mis- 
leading and  worthless.  For  that  rea- 
son  men   who   started    Catholic   news- 


224 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


June  1 


papers  in  dioceses  of  200,000  found  that 
their  subsription  lists  conldn  't  be  work- 
ed up  to  a  point  where  the  bills  could 
be  paid,  and  they  Avere  forced  to  carry 
the  paper  in  a  coffin.  The}^  couldn't 
understand  why.  The  reason  was  that 
there  Avere  not  as  many  Catholics  in  the 
diocese  as  the  statistics  showed.  This 
American  pastime  of  boosting  leads  to 
boasting  and  no  individual  or  organi- 
zation has  ever  waxed  fat  on  a  jiadded 
diet." 

A  Free  Speech  Test 

Roger  N.  Baldwin,  director  of  the 
American  Civil  Liberties  Union,  has 
been  sentenced  to  six  months  in  jail  at 
Paterson,  N.  J.,  on  a  charge  of  "unlaw- 
ful assembly."  Not  long  ago  Mr. 
BaldAvin,  accompanied  by  a  small  group 
of  strikers  from  the  silk  mills,  took  his 
stand  on  the  steps  of  the  city  hall  of 
Paterson.  "I  am  about  to  read  the 
Bill  of  Rights,"  he  began.  Immediate- 
ly, policemen  arrested  him  and  six  of 
his  comrades.  The  chief  of  police  had 
previously  closed  a  private  hall  that 
had  been  rented  for  the  purpose  of 
liolding  the  meeting.  Mr.  Bakhvin  and 
his  companions  'were  brought  to  trial 
under  a  statute  of  1796.  Under  this 
previously  unused  statute  it  was  neces- 
sary to  argue  that  an  attempt  had  been 
made  to  create  a  riot  or  disorder,  where- 
as the  defense  contended  that  it  merely 
meant  to  protest  against  the  arbitrary 
action  of  the  police  in  denying  to  the 
strikers  the  right  of  free  speech  and 
assembly.  The  judge,  Joseph  A. 
Delaney,  after  holding  his  verdict  un- 
der advisement  for  more  than  three 
months,  sentenced  Mr.  Baldwin  to  six 
months  in  jail,  and  his  companions  to 
the  payment  of  fines.  The  directors  of 
the  American  Civil  Liberties  Union 
have  publicly  announced  their  corpo- 
rate responsibility  for  Mr.  Baldwin's 
act,  and  are  carrying  the  case  to  the 
Supreme  Court  of  New  Jersey. 

Genesis  and  Battling  Scientists 

Scarcely  a  day  passes  Avitliout  some 
discovery  that  brings  the  Book  of 
Genesis  into  discussion.  But  there  is, 
as  the  Sydney  CatJiolic  Press  points 
out,  a  humorous  aspect  to  these  dis- 
coveries.   No  sooner  does  one  scientist 


proclaim  the  effect  of  his  find  than  an- 
other scientist  jumps  on  him  with  both 
feet.  The  "odium  theologicum," 
whicli  fathered  man.v  angry  jousts 
about  creeds  and  religious  principles, 
has  given  way  to  the  "odium  seientifi- 
cum."  Dr.  Eliot  Smith  would  have  us 
believe  that  our  civilisation  came  from 
Eg3^pt ;  Dr.  Macmillan  Brown  is  im- 
pressed by  the  Easter  Island  mystery, 
and  believes  that  the  civilisation  which 
placed  those  great  monoliths  in  the 
lonely  Pacific  islet  could  not  have  any 
connection  wdth  the  people  who  built 
the  pyramids.  There  is  sharp  opposi- 
tion between  an  American  theory  of 
diverse  origins  and  a  British  theory  of 
Egyptian  origins.  Each  battalion  of 
"scientists"  buttresses  its  arguments 
Avith  fanciful  trimmings  like  Eraser's 
"Golden  Bough,"  in  AA^hich  theories 
masquerade  as  facts.  Their  Aveapons 
against  one  another  are  as  explosive  if 
not  as  deadly  as  T.  N.  T. 

MeanAvhile  the  Book  of  Genesis 
stands,  in  spite  of  a  demand  made  by 
the  "American  Scientific  Association" 
to  discontinue  the  story  of  Genesis  in 
school  books  and  substitute  the  doctrine 
of  evolution.  The  Education  Depart- 
ments have  only  to  sit  back  smiling  and 
ask,  "Which  doctrine  of  evolution  Avill 
you  have  I ' '  Then  the  scientists  go  at 
each  other  like  a  group  of  hungry  spar- 
roAA's,  and  Genesis  is  forgotten  for  the 
time. 

The  Religion  of  Unbelief 

The  Bombay  Examiner  is  among  the 
Catholic  papers  Avhich,  like  the  F.  R., 
have  noted  various  signs  of  a  ncAv  re- 
ligion of  unbelief  in  the  cult  of  the 
UnknoAvu  Soldier  and  other  recent  dem- 
onstrations. Our  contemporary  (Vol. 
76,  No.  13)  quotes  the  folloAA'ing  extract 
from  a  French  report :  "A  flaming 
torch  carried  by  famous  French  run- 
ners is  the  main  feature  of  the  curious 
and  original  ceremony  being  held  on  the 
14th  of  July  to  celebrate  the  memory 
of  France's  Avar  dead.  The  torch  Avill 
be  lit  at  Verdun,  from  AA'hich  it  Avill  be 
carried  toAvards  Paris,  AAdiere  it  Avill  be 
deposited  in  the  tomb  of  France's  Un- 
knoAAii  Warrior  under  the  Arc  de 
Triomphe. ' '    The  Examiner  comments : 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


225 


"This  is  typical  of  the  preposterous 
ritual  which  the  enemies  of  religion  are 
forced  to  devise  as  a  substitute  for 
Christian  rites, — so  insistent  is  the  hu- 
man instinct  for  religious  worship.  At 
the  recent  funeral  of  Jaures,  a  promin- 
ent actress  had  to  appear  at  the  right 
moment,    in   her   stage    draperies,    and 


with  theatrical  gesture  to  place  a  palm, 
or  something  of  the  sort,  on  the  dead 
Socialist's  coffin.  The  Armistice  si- 
lence, the  pilgrimage  to  the  Cenotaph, 
and  the  cult  of  the  unknown  warrior, 
as  practised  by  many,  are  all  rites  of 
the  new   religion   of   unbelief." 


Mr,  H.  L.  Mencken  on  "A  Dictionary  of  Secret  and  Other  Societies" 

By  the  Rev.  Albert  Muntsch,  S.  J.,  St.   Louis  University 


A  book  like  Arthur  Preuss'  "Dic- 
tionary of  Secret  and  Other  Societies" 
can  be  approached  by  the  critic  from 
many  points  of  view.  It  was  left  to 
Mr.  H.  L.  Mencken,  editor  of  tlie  Ameri- 
can Mcrcuru,  to  bring  to  the  surface 
a  new  feature  of  that  highly  merit- 
orious and  useful  volume  and  one  which 
no  Catholic  reviewer  of  the  Avork  has 
thus  far,  to  the  present  writer's  knowl- 
edge, emphasized. 

Mr.  Mencken  believes  very  much  in 
"inferiority  complexes,"  and  he  ex- 
plains some  of  the  uncanny  manifesta- 
tions in  the  social  and  political  life  of 
our  time  by  this  Freudian  concept. 
There  is  no  better  explanation,  for  in- 
stance, of  the  K.  K.  K.  hocus-pocus, 
than  that  of  an  inane  and  insane  desire, 
or  better  neurotic  craving,  on  the  part 
of  certain  persons,  to  stand  out,  to 
shine,  to  be  conspicuous  in  their  com- 
munity. Now  of  themselves  they  have 
neither  the  mentality  nor  the  courage 
"to  start  something"  and  thereby  at- 
tract the  attention  of  the  populace. 
So  what  is  more  natural  than  that  they 
should  join  a  clique  which  inscribes 
glittering  slogans  on  its  banner,  e.  g. : 
"America  for  the  Americans,"  "Pure 
Womanhood,"  "Preservation  of  our 
Liberties,"  etc.  The  vaguer  and  more 
meaningless  the  slogans,  the  better.  For 
then  it  will  be  all  the  easier  to  attract 
the  gullible  ones. 

Mr.  Mencken  accepts  this  explanation 
of  the  genesis  of  the  K.  K.  K.,  and  so 
does  such  a  shrewd  observer  as  Frank 
Tannenbaum.  But  the  former  finds,  on 
the  basis  of  Mr.  Preuss'  carefullj-  com- 
piled data,  a  somewhat  similar  reason 
for  the  upgrowth  of  the  multitudinous 
secret  oro:anizations  in  America. 


In  fact,  his  explanation  has  sonie- 
tliing  of  apologetic  value.  For  Mr. 
Mencken  thinks  that  to  the  extent  that 
certain  people  "get  away"  from  Re- 
ligion and  its  legitimate  manifestations 
in  ritual  and  ceremony,  to  that  extent 
will  they  succumb  to  the  nonsense  that 
characterizes  a  great  deal  of  the  secret 
society  cult. 

The  editor  of  Catholic  Booh  Notes 
(London,  March- April,  1925)  makes 
capital  use  of  Mr.  Mencken's  remarks 
in  a  long  and  laudatory  review  of  "A 
Dictionary  of  Secret  Societies."  AVe 
think  that  both  the  English  critic's 
paragraphs  and  those  of  Mencken  on 
which  they  are  based,  are  well  worth 
reproducing.  CatJiolic  Book  Notes 
says: 

"When  this  book  ['A  Dictionary  of 
Secret  and  Other  Societies']  was  re- 
viewed some  months  ago  for  the  Natio)t 
(New  York),  by  Mr.  H.  L.  Mencken, 
that  blase  student  of  the  pathology  of 
civilized  democracy  was  chiefly  con- 
cerned with  it  as  the  latest  exposition 
of  the  truth  that  Nature  returns  though 
she  be  driven  forth  with  pitchforks, 
that  when  you  deprive  man  of  ancient 
faiths  and  sanities,  he  turns  to  super- 
stition, and  throws  himself  gladly,  and 
with  desperate  energy,  into  all  its 
bizarre  ritual.  For  Religion  and  Ritual 
are  natural  to  man,  and  if  he  know 
not  the  true  God,  he  will  make  to  him- 
self a  false  one,  and  worship  him  with 
rites  that  are,  more  or  less,  appropriate. 
Of  this  truth  is  evidence  every  page  of 
'The  Dictionary  of  Secret  and  other 
Societies,'  in  which  Mr.  Preuss'  in- 
dustry has  collected  details  on  the 
history,  objects,  beliefs,  and  ritual  of 
hundreds  of  these  societies.     The  Ma- 


22G 


THE  FORTXIGHTLY  REA'IEW 


June  1 


sons,  of  course,  are  listed,  in  all  their 
conii)lieated  divisions  and  sects,  the 
Oddfedows,  the  Buffaloes  and  the  Ku- 
Klux-Klan.  We  find  accounts  of  the 
'Exalted  Order  of  Dogs/  who  obey  the 
'Royal  Kennel,"  and  the  similarly  '  p]x- 
alted  Society  of  Order  Hounds'  orga- 
nized in  'Kennels,'  officered  by 
'Official  GroAvlers'  and  'Big  Bark- 
ers/ its  mission  'to  develop  seientiiic 
selling  methods'  amongst  commercial 
travellers!  There  is  the  'Royal  and 
Exalted  Order  of  Fleas"  ...  of  which 
u.nhappily  details  are  not  given,  and, 
siiitahly  enough,  tlic  'Order  of  Bugs," 
who  meet  in  a  'Bughouse"  and  obey  a 
'  Supreme  Exalted  Bugaboo. "  We  meet 
the  Odd  Fellows  conferring  the  'Royal 
Purple"  in  the  truly  kaleidoscopic*  rai- 
ment of  'purple  gowns,  yellow  belts, 
black  turbans  and  white  surplices,  with 
mitres  and  breastplates,'  and  we  are 
introduced  to  the  'Ancient  Arabic  Or- 
der of  Nobles  of  the  Mystic  Shrine'  as 
they  initiate  their  novices  with  the 
'Grand  Salaam'  and  the  ineffable  rites 
performed  at  the  'Devil's  Pass.' 

"And  the  member  ...  the  sober, 
steady,  prosperous  man  of  commerce, 
neat  and  clean-shaven,  pink  and  white, 
wads  of  dollar-bills  in  his  poeketbook, 
half  a  dozen  seals  athis  fob,  'George  F. 
Babbitt'  no  less,  who  if  he  drives  his 
Buick  to-day,  looks  for  his  Cadillac  to- 
morrow, Avho  finds  in  his  fraternity 
meeting  a  weekly  escape  to  higher 
realms  of  poetry  and  romance  from  the 
prosaic  affair  of  swindling  his  fellows. 
And  Mr.  Mencken  makes  merry  ac- 
cordingly at  the  thought  of  these 
'grocers  and  garage  mechanics  who 
dress  up  in  chromatic  chasubles'  when 
they  function  as  'Imperial  Didaska- 
loses'  or  'Transcendental  Grail-Bear- 
ers', and  leaves  his  subject  Avitli  the 
final  comment  that  'Mr.  Preuss  has  com- 
posed an  extremely  interesting  and  in- 
structive book.  Let  it  be  forthwith 
translated  into  all  the  Christian  tongues 
of  the  earth.  The  foreigner  reading  it 
will  learn  more  about  the  United  States 
than  he  could  gather  from  a  thousand 
bales  of  the  state  papers  of  Dr. 
Coolidge.'  " 

However,  the  writer  in  Catholic  Book 
Notes  knows  well  that  the  tomfoolerv 


that  is  found  iu  American  secret  so- 
cieties exists  just  as  we'd  in  England. 
So  he  sa3's : 

"The  phenomenon  is  not,  hoAvever,  so 
])urely  transatlantic,  and  there  is  a 
more  serious  side  to  it.  Mr.  Babbitt  has 
no  religion.  His  grandfather,  and  even 
his  father,  held  to  a  certain  inherited 
medley  of  dogmatic  prejudices  and 
moral  conventions.  'Modern  Thought' 
has  destroyed  the  prejudices  and  conve- 
nience has  changed  the  conventions.  He 
nevertheless  feels  the  need  of  a  some- 
thing, somewhere,  in  which  he  can  ex- 
pi'ess  himself  '  religiously " — a  something 
suft'iciently  vague  to  include  all  the 
rest  of  the  vast  multitude  of  'reg'lar 
fellers,"  'good-mixers,'  up  and  doing 
'  go-getters. "  '  forward-lookers, '  '  100  per 
cent.,  dyed  in  the  wool'  native  citizens 
who  are  building  up  Zenith  and  going 
to  re-make  the  world.  A  religion  of 
common  sense,  and  no  nonsense  about 
piety  or  devotion,  where  all  men  are 
brothers  who  boost  one  another  and 
elect  Republican  presidents  or  'occa- 
sionally' a  safe  Democrat.  A  comfort- 
able, natural  religion  that  will  bless 
the  natural  man,  and  in  no  way  dis- 
turl)  his  business  or  his  life.  And  he 
finds  it — he  would  if  he  read — in  the 
Deism  that  has  filtered  down  the  cen- 
turies since  Locke,  and  that,  for  Mr. 
Babbitt's  greater  convenience,  is  en- 
shrined in  the  modern  fraternal  society. 
Masons,  Odd  Fellows,  Shriners,  EUvS, 
Moose,  Goats  .  .  .  .Deism  is  their  com- 
mon essence,  and  the  bizarre  and  grotes- 
que tomfooleries  in  which  they  indulge 
are  its  liturgy  and  rite.  In  diff'erent 
clegTees  is  true  of  very  many  of  these 
associations  or  'joiners  in  red  belh'- 
bands  and  purple  plumes'  what  Mr. 
Preuss  very  well  says  of  one — 'Free- 
masonry ...  is  a  religious  sect  diametri- 
cally opposed  to  Christianity.  It  has 
its  own  altars,  temples,  priesthood,  wor- 
ship, ritual,  ceremonies,  festivals,  con- 
secrations, anointings,  its  own  creed,  its 
OAvn  morality,  its  own  theory  of  the 
human  soul  and  the  relations  of  that 
soul  to  the  Deity,  and  its  attempts  to 
displace  Christianity.'  " 

Catholic  Book  Notes  concludes  its 
review  with  the  statement  that,  in  the 
case  of  societies  condemned  nominatini. 


19:^5 


THE  FOKTXIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


the  author  is  careful  to  cite  the  text  of 
the  decrees,  and  to  supply  a  com- 
mentary from  official  sources. 


The    Reorganization   of   Mission   Aid 

There  is  on  foot  at  the  present  time 
a  movement  to  reorganize  mission  aid 
through  a  diocesan  saperorganization, 
sixt}'  percent  of  the  proceeds  being  sent 
to  Rome  for  distribution  to  foreign 
missionaries  throughout  the  world, 
while  fort}'  per  cent  remains  in  the 
United  States  for  mission  work  in  our 
-own  countr}-.  This  movement  ii  a 
source  of  anxiety  to  practically  all  the 
existing"  mis.sion  organizations  for  the 
reason  that,  as  stated  by  Fr.  M.  A. 
Mathis,  C.  S.  C,  in  the  Beiigalese  (Vol. 
V'l,  No.  5)  :  "in  some  dioceses  this  su- 
perorganization  is  such  as  to  make  it 
practically  impossible  for  American  so- 
cieties "engaged  on  the  foreign  missions 
to  recruit  the  vocations  and  to  secure 
the  funds  necessary  to  carry  on  their 
Avork.  .  .  .  The  funds  from  the  Society 
for  the  Propagation  of  the  Faith  have 
net  in  tlie  past,  and  are  not  now,  suffi- 
lient  to  support  the  foreign  missions 
of  the  Catholic  Church.  .  .  .  American 
missionaries  have  not  been  at  work  long 
enough  to  accumulate  an  invested  fund 
of  any  conseciuence.  Hence,  bj-  being 
excluded  from  begging  in  our  own 
country,  American  missionaries  are 
placed  in  a  very  disadvantageous  posi- 
tion when  compared  with  our  European 
brethren,  Avho,  besides  receiving  their 
share  of  the  general  funds  of  the  So- 
ciety for  the  Propagation  of  the  Faith, 
have  both  invested  funds  and  the  op- 
portunitv  of  begging  in  their  own  coun- 
try.'' 

The  exclusion  will  affect  even  more 
unfavorably  the  training  of  American 
foreign  missionaries.  For  "mission- 
aries cannot  be  recruited  without  suit- 
able literature,  vocations  cannot  be 
fostered  without  seminaries,  and  sem- 
iuaries  cannot  exist  without  a  visible 
means  of  support. ' ' 

Already  some  of  the  missionary  so- 
cieties are  very  unfavorably  affected 
by  this  movement,  and  the  situation 
vvould  be  alarming  if  the  exclusion  re- 
ferred   to    became    universal.      Father 


Mathis  feels  hopeful  that  this  will  never 
happen,  or  if  it  does,  that  it  will  only 
be  temporary.  "In  view  of  my  own 
conversations  with  authorities  in  Rome 
and  with  leading  American  bishops,'' 
he  says,  "I  cannot  believe  that  it  is 
the  will  of  the  Apostolic  See  and  of  our 
American  hierarchy  to  crush  in  the 
bud  the  foreign-mission  movement, 
which  is  one  of  the  clearest  evidences 
of  the  divinity  of  the  Catholic  Church 
in  America,  the  Catholicit}'^  of  the 
Church  translated  into  action  by 
American  missionaries  who  actually 
leave  their  own  country  to  bring  the 
blessings  of  our  holy  faith  to  other 
nations,   tribes,    and   peoples." 


An  Interesting  Journalistic  Experiment 

The  iDrincipal  owners  of  the  London 
Times,  the  greatest  newspaper  of  the 
English-speaking  world,  bar  none,  have 
taken  measures  to  guarantee  its  future 
policy  by  signing  an  agreement  under 
which  all  transfers  of  shares  in  the  con- 
cern are  placed  under  the  control  of 
a  committee  of  trustees,  which  is  given 
full  power  to  maintain  the  political  in- 
dependence of  the  Times  and  to  pre- 
vent the  paper  from  ever  being  used 
for  purposes  of  personal  ambition  or 
profit.  The  members  of  this  committee 
are  holders  of  positions  which  exclude 
them  from  active  participation  in  part}' 
politics  and  represent  the  judicial,  aca- 
demic, scientific,  and  financial  elements 
in  British  national  life.  Those  so  far 
appointed  are:  the  Chief  Justice  of 
England,  the  Warden  of  All  Soul's 
College,  Oxford,  the  President  of  the 
Royal  Society,  the  President  of  the  In- 
stitute of  Chartered  Accountants,  and 
the  Governor  of  the  Bank  of  England, 
mth  powers  to  nominate  their  succes- 
sors in  office,  or,  failing  acceptance, 
others  suitably  qualified.  This  measure 
will  make  it  humanly  speaking  im- 
possible that  the  Times,  which,  except 
for  a  brief  period  in  its  history,  has 
always  possessed  the  dignity  and  stand- 
ing of  a  national  institution,  will  ever 
again  fall  on  such  evil  days  as  it  saw 
under   the   late   Lord   Northcliffe. 

This  is  a  most  interesting  experiment 
in  journalism.      It   does  not   give   the 


228 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


June  1 


21)ius  tlie  position  of  an  endowed 
newspaper,  for  it  is  entirely  in  private 
owuersiiip,  even  though  one  at  least  of 
its  owners  is,  because  of  his  great  for- 
tune, probably  indifferent  to  its  finan- 
cial returns.  It  does  not  handicap  the 
editorial  policy  by  making  it  subject 
at  every  point  to  board  dictation,  be- 
cause the  trustees  are  not  to  control 
the  policy  of  the  paper,  but  are  merely 
to  exercise  supervision  over  its  future 
ownership  and  control. 

The  personnel  of  that  board,  too,  is 
interesting.  If  any  American  news- 
paper attaining  the  national  standing 
of  the  Times  should  attempt  to  imitate 
the  action  of  its  owners,  the  "holding 
trustees"  would,  if  chosen  as  a  parallel 
to  the  English  board,  consist  of  Chief 
Justice  Taft,  President  Eliot,  Chair- 
man Crissinger  of  the  Federal  Reserve 
Bank,  Dr.  Vernon  Kellogg,  secretary  of 
the  National  Research  Council,  and  the 
head  of  the  American  Statistical  So- 
ciety. We  are  not  confident  that  such 
a  board  Avould  contribute  either  to  the 
vivacity  or  the  enterprise  of  a  daily 
newspaper,  but  as  a  guard  against  its 
falling  into  evil  hands  it  Avould  doubt- 
less prove  efficient. 

In  no  spirit  of  captious  critieism, 
but  merely  in  one  of  speculation,  we 
wonder  what  a  board  of  this  character 
would  have  done,  had  it  possessed 
authority  in  the  premises,  in  the  face 
of  the  determination  of  Mr.  Munsey  to 
combine  the  Herald  and  the  Sun,  of 
New  York,  "preserving  the  best  fea- 
tures of  both,"  and  then  selling  the 
one  to  a  competitor  and  completely 
altering  the  character  of  the  other.  We 
in  America  have  not  j'et  gotten  beyond 
the  idea  that  a  newspaper  is  operated 
mainly,  if  not  entirely,  for  pecuniary 
profit. 

What  is  the  Meaning  of  the  Petition 
for  Bread  in  the  Our  Father? 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  phrase 
"arton  epiousion, "  which  the  liturgy 
of  the  Church  renders  by  "panem 
nostrum  cotidianum."  i.  e.,  our  daily 
bread  ? 

The  official  Vulgate  text  in  the  Gospel 
of  St.  Matthew  has  "panem  supersub- 


stantialem,"  i.  e.,  supersubstantial 
bread.  St.  Jerome  in  Luke  XI,  8  trans- 
lates, "daily  bread." 

Tlie  meaning  of  "epiousios"  was 
douljtful  in  the  early  Church.  Origen 
says  that  the  word  occurs  nowhere  in 
classic  literature,  nor  in  the  patois  of 
the  unlearned,  and  was  probably  coin- 
ed by  the  Evangelists.  The  oldest 
Syrian  and  Armenian  versions  render 
the  term  by  "everlasting  bread," 
"bread  of  our  need,"  "bread  of 
wealth,  ■■  "l)read  for  tomorrow," 
"coming  bread."  The  Latin  Church 
prays,  ' '  Panem  nostrum  cotidianum  da 
nobis  hodie"  (Give  us  this  day  our 
daily  bread). 

Dr.  Joseph  Sickenberger,  in  a  recent 
monograph  on  the  subject  ("Unser  aus- 
reichendes  Brot  gib  uns  heute!"  Bres- 
lau :  Franke's  Buchhandlung).  inter- 
prets "epiousios"  as  "sufficient."  He 
has  arrived  at  this  conclusion  by  a 
careful  study,  not  of  the  adjective  it- 
self, but  of  the  accompanying  noun 
"bread.""  "This  term  in  the  Lord's 
prayer,""  he  says,  "is  to  be  understood 
in  a  material  sense,  for  spiritual  bread 
is  necessary  to  the  Christian,  not  only 
to-day  and  to-morrow,  but  always  and 
forever. 

"The  disciple  of  Jesus,""  he  con- 
tinues, "who  prays  for  earthly  favors, 
will  follow  the  example  of  the  timid 
beggar :  he  will  ask  for  onh^  so  much 
as  he  actually  needs,  and  for  so  long 
as  he  requires  help."  To  apply  the 
petition  for  bread  in  the  Our  Father 
to  spiritual  food,  he  thinks,  would  be 
tautological,  since  the  second  petition. 
' '  Thy  Kingdom  come ! ' '  necessarily  im- 
plies the  equipment  of  the  members  of 
God's  Kingdom  witli  supernatural 
grace. 

The  Eucliaristic  interpretation  of  the 
daily  bread  petition,  according  to  Dr. 
Sickenberger,  was  foreign  to  the  earh' 
Christians.  He  does  not  attack  those 
who  employ  this  interpretation  in  as- 
cetical  books,  but  insists  that  it  has 
no  basis  in  scientific  exegesis. 


We  laugh  at  boys  that  would  be 
famous  ball-players  rather  than  bishops, 
Avhile  we  ourselves  are  toiling  to  be 
rich  men  rather  than  good  Christians. 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


229 


Notes  and  Gleanings 


The  publicity  given  to  the  notorious 
Helen  Jackson  by  the  Catholic  Tele- 
graph and  some  other  newspapers  is 
of  doubtful  value  to  the  Catholic  cause. 
Publicity  is  exactly  what  these  people 
crave.  It  ought  to  be  denied  them  as 
much  as  possible.  This  whole  ex-priest 
and  ex-nun  business,  if  handled  in  the 
right  way,  can  be  turned  into  an  asset 
for  ourselves  and  our  religion.  To  be 
under  fire,  and  even  persecuted  at 
times,  is  not  so  very  bad,  for  often 
under  such  circumstances  the  Catholic 
cause  attracts  the  sympathy  of  the  best 
citizens.  Unfortunately,  however,  most 
of  our  papers  prefer  to  make  "mar- 
tyrs" out  of  these  contemptible  beings, 
and  as  a  consequence  they  receive  the 
sympatl^y  that  should  go  to  the  Mother 
Church  whom  tliev  traduce. 


The  Frederick  Pustet  Co.,  Inc.,  have 
sent  us  a  copy  of  their  new  edition  of 
the  Ratisbon  "Breviarium  Romanum,'' 
designed  for  travelers.  It  is  in  one 
volume,  which  contains  the  Calendar, 
the  Ordinarium,  the  Psalter,  the  three 
Festa  Mobilia  taken  from  the  Proprium 
Sanctorum,  the  Homiliae  Dominicarum 
post  Pentecosten,  the  Commune  Sanc- 
torum, the  Prayers  before  and  after 
Mass,  and  an  appendix  of  prayers  and 
litanies.  The  remainder  of  the  Divine 
Office  is  given  in  two  sets  of  six  booklets 
each,  which  can  easily  be  inserted  into 
the  pockets  provided  in  the  front  and 
rear  of  the  bound  volume.  Booklets 
and  Breviary  together  form  a  well- 
shaped  volume  which  can  be  slipped 
into  the  coat-pocket.  All  texts,  anti- 
phons,  responsories,  and  orations  are 
found  in  their  respective  places,  thus 
making  it  unnecessary  to  page  back 
and  forth.  A  fine  new  type  has  been 
cast  for  this  special  one-volume  edition, 
which  deserves  to  be  recommended  as 
both  practical  and  attractive. 

The  Our  Sunday  Visitor  Press,  of 
Huntington,  Ind.,  has  reprinted  the 
late  Father  L.  A.  Lambert's  famous 
"Notes  on  Ingersoll, "  under  the  title, 
"The  Classic  Reply  to  Infidelity."  As 
Ingersoll's  works  are  still  being  sold. 


and  infidelity  is  more  wide-spread  to- 
day than  ever  before,  this  reprint  ol 
the  "Notes"  in  the  form  of  a  cheap 
pamphlet  will  be  welcomed  by  many. 

Our  Sunday  Yisitor  has  reprinted 
in  pamphlet  form  some  articles  that 
had  previously  appeared  in  that  apolo- 
getic weekly  on  the  "Adventists  and 
Russellites,"  who  are  very  active  in 
their  proselytizing  efforts  just  now  in 
this  and  other  countries.  The  pam- 
phlet is  useful,  but  could  have  been 
made  more  readable  and  effective  if 
the  compiler  had  laid  under  contribu- 
tion some  of  the  excellent,  material 
recently  published  in  Europe  on  the 
Adveutist  movement.  We  refer  partic- 
ularly to  the  essays  by  Mliller  and 
Bilz  in  Dr.  Arthur  Allgeier's  book, 
"Religiose  Volksstromung-'en  der  Ge- 
genwart"    (Herder,   1924). 

Those  who  are  the  happy  possessors 
of  Johannes  Janssen  's  ' '  Ilistory  of  the 
German  People  after  the  Close  of  the 
Middle  Ages"  in  its  English  version 
will  no  doubt  be  glad  to  learn  that  the 
long  expected  index  volume  has  at 
length  been  published  and  can  be  had 
from  the  B.  Herder  Book  Co.,  of  this 
city.  It  is  a  stately  octavo  of  434  pages, 
corresponding  in  style  ,and  binding 
to  the  other  sixteen  vokmies  of  the 
series.  


A  significant  development  in  south- 
ern communities  is  the  inclusion  of 
Negro  welfare  agencies  in  many  com- 
munity chest  budgets.  In  Atlanta,  for 
example,  six  or  eight  distinctive  Negro 
ag'encies  are  included  for  a  total  of 
about  $50,000 ;  in  Louisville  such  agen- 
cies participate  to  the  amount  of 
$66,000.  In  every  case  the  colored 
people  cooperate  heartily  in  the  chest 
campaign,  making  a  thorough  canvass 
and  giving  liberally  in  proportion  to 
their  means.  In  Atlanta,  Louisville, 
Richmond,  Savannah,  and  Norfolk, 
the  work  of  the  interracial  committees 
has  been  included  in  the  chest  budgets 
for  sums  ranging  from  $800  to  $3,000. 

Investigations  conducted  in  the  re- 
gion of  Spain  known  as  Tartessus  have 
revealed  a  tablet  which  contains  a  very 
ancient  alphabet.     Dr.  Paul  Haupt,  of 


THE   FOKTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


June  1 


■Johns  Hopkins  I'niversity,  is  of  tlie 
oi)ini(ni  that  this  alphabet  may  be  tlie 
original  instrument  from  which  all  of 
the  Caucasian  tongues  have  been  evolv- 
ed. "Discovery  of  this  tablet,"  he 
says,  ''means  that  there  lived,  more 
than  6000  years  before  Christ,  a  highly 
educated  people  about  whose  life  and 
learning  Ave  must  establish,  as  nearly 
as  possible,  the  time  of  the  existence 
of  the  oldest  civilization." 


Correspondence 


Catholics  will  rejoii^^e  to  know  that 
the  process  of  beatification  has  begun 
for  Frederick  Ozanani.  Although  best 
known  as  founder  of  the  Conferences 
of  St.  \'incent  de  Paul,  Ozanam  was 
also,  as  professor  at  the  Sorbonne,  a 
pioneer  of  the  Catholic  intellectual  re- 
naissance in  France.  He  contributed  to 
the  revival  of  the  study  of  Dante  and 
of  the  early  Franciscans.  His  idea  of 
the  Conferences  was  partly  owing  to 
his  recognition  of  the  vital  need  of 
popular  religious  instruction. 


This  vear,  as  we  have  alreadv  noted 
(F.  R.,'XXXII,  7,  p.  134),  is  the  six- 
teenth centenary  of  the  Council  of 
Nicaea,  and  it  is  interesting  to  learn 
that  a  kind  of  Protestant  "Oecumenical 
Council"  is  to  l)e  held  at  Stockholm, 
and  that  the  Nicene  Creed  will  be 
there  jiroposed  as  a  common  basis  of 
belief  for  all  the  Protestant  sects.  Any 
one  who  knows  the  ravages  vrhich  Mod- 
ernism has  made  in  these  bodies  would 
say  that  however  much  they  may  agree 
about  the  woirls,  they  are  bound  to  be 
hopelessly  at  variance  as  to  the  )neaning 
to  be  given  to  them. 

Italy  is  to  have  a  national  encyclo- 
pedia, which  its  organizers  hope  will 
compare  favorably  with  the  Encyclo- 
pedia Britannica.  A  committee  of  the 
Italian  Cultural  Institute,  which  vras 
formed  through  a  gift  of  Uiovanni 
Treccani,  is  now  at  w^ork  drafting  the 
plans  for  an  encyclopedia  Avhieh  will 
ott'er  to  the  Avorld  a  statement  of  Italy's 
work  in  nearly  every  branch  of  knowl- 
edge. The  first  edition  will  comprise 
32  volumes  in  quarto  of  about  1000 
pages  each. 


The    Cregon   School    Campaign 

To  the  Editor:  — 

Mr.  Benedict  Elder  suggests  i&  No.  7  of 
the  F.  R.  that  the  anti-private  school  law  was 
voted  in  Oregon  because  its  opponents  here 
did  not  make  use  of  the  methods  so  success- 
fully employed  in  Michigan.  As  a  matter  of 
fact,  the  Michigan  experience  was  used  as  a 
basis  of  their  work  by  those  directing  the 
campaign  here.  Moreover,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Baur, 
Lutheran  minister,  who  directed  the  work  of 
his  denomination  in  the  Michigan  fight,  was 
sent  here  to  take  charge  of  the  Oregon  cam- 
paign on  behalf  of  his  people.  As  Mr.  Elder 
suggests  should  be  done  in  these  cases,  the 
leaders  of  the  Protestant  groups  were  induced 
to  write  letters  to  the  press  opposing  the 
measure.  Thirty  Presb}i;erian  ministers  join- 
ed in  a  notable  argument  against  the  bill  in  a 
pamphlet  going  to  every  voter  in  the  State. 
Judge  Wooten,  who  directed  the  Catholic  side 
of  the  campaign,  is  a  convert  from  the  Baptist 
religion  and  specially  cpialified  to  deal  with 
the    Protestant   mind. 

]Mr.  -Elder  speaks  of  the  Free  Schools  Ex- 
ponent, a  paper  published  during  the  second 
Michigan  campaign.  It  may  be  of  interest 
to  note  that  the  editor  of  that  paper  part- 
icipated in  the  Oregon  campaign,  assisting 
the  superintendent  of  schools  in  this  Arch- 
diocese. 

In  general,  therefore,  the  campaign  in 
Oregon  was  carried  on  as  ilr.  Elder  would 
like  to  have  such  campaigns  conducted.  In 
suggesting  that  conditions  were  practically  the 
same  as  in  Michigan,  I  believe  Mr.  Elder  over- 
looks two  important  considerations,  one  per- 
manent and  the  other  temporary.  Oregon  is 
the  least  Catholic  of  the  northern  States;  the 
State  in  earlier  years  was  settled  by  large 
numbers  of  southerners,  especially  from  Mis- 
souri and  Kentucky.  A  remincler  of  their 
influence  is  seen  in  our  State  constitution, 
Avhich,  in  spite  of  the  Civil  War  amendments  to 
the  federal  Constitution,  forbids  free  negroes 
or  mulattoes  to  enter  the  State  or  to  hold 
real  estate  or  exercise  the  right  of  suffrage 
within  the  confines  of  Oregon.  (Several  un- 
successful attempts  have  been  made  to  elim- 
inate these  provisions  from  the  fundamental 
law  of  the  State).  The  atmosphere  in  many 
Oregon  communities  was  consequently  favor- 
able to  the  Ku  Klux  Klan,  the  rise  of  which 
in  Oregon  synchronized  with  the  school  law 
campaign.  When  it  is  remembered  that  the 
Catholics  of  Oregon  do  not  exceed  ten  per 
cent  of  the  population,  while  the  Catholics  of 
Michigan  constitute  fully  25  j^er  cent  of  the 
population  of  that  State,  it  will  be  understood 
tliat  conditions  were  not  the  same  in  the  two 
States.  Catholics  in  the  neighboring  State  of 
Washington  waged  a  successful  campaign 
against  the  school  bill  last  year,  but  they  do 
not  pride  themselves  on  having  carried  on  a 


1925 


THE  rOETXIGHTLY  REVIEW 


231 


more  intelligeut  fight  than  their  Oregon 
neighbors;  ihey  point  to  their  proportionately 
larger  nnmbers,  the  influence  of  the  federal 
court  decision  in  the  Oregon  ease,  and  the 
realization  on  the  part  of  press  and  people 
that  the  Oregon  law  had  given  our  State  a 
bad  name,  as  important  factors  in  securing 
a  favorable  verdict  at  the  polls. 

The  other  consideration  to  which  I  referred 
was  the  political  situation  m  Oregon  in  1922. 
It  would  take  too  much  space  to  explain  that 
situation  to  your  readers,  but  one  aspect  of  it 
may  be  recalled,  namely,  the  fact  that  the 
political  alignment  of  that  year  prevented 
either  of  the  leading  daily  papers  of  Port- 
land from  opposing  the  measure  with  any 
degree  of  vigor.  Had  either  of  them  been 
free  to  follow  the  convictions  of  its  editor, 
the  slight  majority  by  Avhich  the  measure 
was  carried  would  have  been  overcome.  It 
is  the  universal  opinion  here  that  the  school 
bill  could  not  have  been  carried  at  any  other 
time  than  in  1922;  the  temporary  conditions 
favoring  it  at  that  moment  could  not  be  re- 
peated. 

I  need  not  say  that  I  am  in  complete  sym- 
pathy with  the  irenic  methods  Avhich  Mr.  Elder 
illustrates,  but  it  is  gomg  too  far,  I  think,  to 
suggest  that  those  methods  are  a  specific  in 
every  ebullition  of  popular  passion.  The 
anti-evolution  laAV  in  Tennessee  shows  that 
Oregon  is  not  the  only  place  where  the  com- 
munal reason  may  be  temporarily  unhinged. 
Portland,  Ore.  John   P.  O 'Hara 

Editor  CafhoJic  Sentinel 

[Be  ply  hy  Mr.  Benedict  Elder: — It 
was  not  my  intention  to  find  fault  Avith  the 
campaign  conducted  in  Oregon  in  defense  of 
the  parochial  schools,  but  as  a  lawyer  I  have 
never  lost  a  case  without  afterwards  feeling 
that  its  defense  could  have  been  strengthened 
in  some  particular.  Not  being  familiar  with 
every  angle  of  the  Oregon  campaign,  it  Avould 
be  rash  for  me  to  assume  to  point  out  the 
causes  for  its  failure,  but  to  assume  that  it 
could  not  be  improved  upon,  Avhen  it  was  lost, 
is  a  fatal  attitude.  No  defense  of  the  Oregon 
campaign  is  needed,  as  it  is  not  attacked,  but 
for  our  future  guidance  Ave  should  look  to  a 
campaign  that  Avas  Avon  rather  than  to  one 
that  was  lost  for  the  correct  procedure. — 
BuNrDiCT    Elder.] 


Georgia    Again 

To  the  Editor: — 

Catholic  AA-riters  and  speakers  should  be 
more  careful  Avhen  attacking  the  South  for 
its  bigotry.  In  the  first  place,  it  is  not  the 
truth,  and  secondly,  this  attacking  and  de- 
nouncing policy  is  all  Avrong. 

For  instance.  Our  Sunday  Visitor  of  April 
5th  carried  the  folloAving  from  J.  T.  Harrison: 
' '  Owing  to  the  ever  increasing  hostility 
toward  the  Catholic  Church  in  the  South, 
which  makes  it  impossible  for  a  Catholic 
to  perform   his   religious   duties  or   to   give 


to  his  children  the  religious  trainmg  Avhich 
is  due  them,  I  desire  to  make  a  change. ' ' 
A  great  deal  of  the  present  misunderstand- 
ing regarding  the  South  is  due  to  the  partisan 
and  political  misrepresentation  at  the  NeAV 
York  Convention  and  the  publicity  of  the 
Eastern  papers  in   connection  Avith  same. 

The  publicity  editor  of  the  Georgia  Lay- 
men's League  tells  me  that  he  is  continually 
writing  Catholic  papers  and  editors  in  the 
interest  of  truth  and  justice,  but  the  mis- 
representation is  being  repeated  just  the 
same.  Therefore  it  is  my  thought  that  the 
Fortnightly  Review  should  carry  the  sub- 
stance of  the  enclosed  letter  by  him,  shoAv- 
ing  present  conditions  and  the  changes  that 
haA-e  taken  place  in  the  State  of  Georgia  in 
recent   years.  P.   H.   Callahan 

.  . .  Some  time  ago  one  of  our  members  Avho 
travels  through  South  Georgia,  covering  many 
cities  and  toAvns  in  Avhieh  there  is  not  a  single 
Catholic,  wrote  to  us  asking  us  to  send  some 
of  our  literature  to  a  prominent  man  in  that 
section,  one  Avhose  ideas  about  Catholics  Avere 
very  much  distorted.  We  sent  him,  among 
other  things,  a  copy  of  a  pamphlet  called 
"Catholics  and  Education."  He  was  so  much 
impressed  that  he  decided  that,  far  from  be- 
ing an  evil,  the  Catholic  system  of  education 
is  most  desirable.  He  opened  up  a  corres- 
pondence with  us,  asking  about  the  location 
of  Catholic  schools.  To-day  his  daughter  is 
being  educated  in  a  Georgia  Catholic  board- 
ing school  directed  by  the  Sisters  of  Mercy. 

Last  year  a  teacher  in  a  Georgia  city,  per- 
haps 200  miles  from  the  one  just  mentioned, 
gave  her  school  pupils  anti-Catholic  versions 
of  many  historical  events.  There  Avere  prac- 
tically no  Catholics  in  the  city.  ToAvard  the 
end  of  the  term  she  assigned  the  Catholic 
Church  as  an  essay  subject.  About  that 
time  our  advertisement,  a  copy  of  which  is 
inclosed,  appeared  in  the  local  paper.  About 
fifteen  of  the  pupils  wrote  to  the  Laymen 's 
Association  for  data  for  the  essay.  We 
forAvarded  it.  Most  of  the  essays,  far  from 
reflecting  the  anti-Catholic  views  of  the 
teacher,  were  positively  Catholic  in  tone. 

These  are  just  two  of  thousands  of  incidents 
illustrating  the  effectiveness  of  the  Avritten 
word  where  the  spoken  Avord  Avould  not  reach. 

The  argument  about  prejudice  in  Georgia 
can  be  easily  handled,  in  my  opinion.  In  the 
first  place,  the  Ku  Klux  Klan  and  especially 
the  Ku  Klux  Klan  spirit,  started  years  be- 
fore the  Avork  of  the  Laymen's  Association. 
Tom  Watson  had  been  carrying  on  his  cam- 
paign of  hatred  for  political  purposes  for  a 
generation,  since  the  last  years  of  the  19th 
century. 

When  the  Laymen's  Association  started  its 
Avork,  in  1916,  there  Avas  only  one  neAVspaper 
in  the  Avhole  State  of  Georgia  that  Avas  fair 
to  Catholics.  There  Avere  a  number  of  neutral 
papers  Avhicli,  hoAvever,  allowed  anti-Catholic 
matter  to  creep  in  from  time  to  time..  There 
Avere  numerous  others  Avhich  carried  such  ar- 


232 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


June  1 


tides  regularly,  and  not  a  few  never  appear- 
ed without  anti-Catholic  matter  taken  from  the 
Menace  and  other  papers  of  that  stripe. 

In  those  days  Catholics  were  vilified  and 
abused  on  nearly  every  political  soapbox  in 
the  State.  Teachers  in  the  public  schools  and 
other  officials  who  happened  to  be  Catholics 
were  turned  out.  Catholics  were  boycotted. 
The  Veasey  Bill,  providing  for  the  inspection 
of  certain  institutions,  and  admittedly  aimed 
at  converts,  was  passed  after  a  series  of  anti- 
Catholic  orations  in  the  State  legislature  al- 
most unparalleled  in  the  history  of  supposed- 
ly Christian  conunonwealths.  The  Daughters 
of  the  Confederacy  at  Macon  invited  Bishop 
Keiley  [a  Confederate  veteran]  to  deliver  the 
Memorial  Address  there.  They  were  request- 
ed to  withdraw  the  invitation  by  a  Confederate 
Camp  on  the  ground  that  Bishop  Keiley  Avas  a 
Catholic.  Admiral  Benson  was  denounced  in 
the  State  Senate  by  the  president  of  the 
Georgia  Senate,  although  he  is  one  of  the 
State 's  most  distinguished  sons,  because  he 
happened  to  be  a  Catholic.  These  are  just 
a  few  incidents  selected  from  memory  -  and 
at  random. 

To-day  the  newspapers  of  the  State  are 
as  free  from  matter  objectionable  to  Cath- 
olics as  any  in  the  United  States.  The  one 
paper  which  defended  Catholics  a  few  years 
ago  now  has  dozens  of  assistants.  There  is 
not  a  paper  in  Georgia  to-day  regularly  at- 
tacking Catholics;  the  few  which  occasionally 
do  misrepresent  Catholics,  do  not  do  so  vicious- 
ly. The  objectionable  articles  have  dwindled 
from  as  many  as  one  hundred  a  week  to  an 
average  last  year  of  two  a  month.  And  there 
are  perhaps  twenty-five  dailies  and  four  or 
live  times  that  number  of  weeklies  in  the 
State.  Many  which  formerly  were  very  criti- 
cal and  hostile,  are  now  friendly. 

To-day  many  politicians  who  formerly  de- 
nounced Catholics  are  lined  up  with  the  forces 
of  tolerance,— not  particularly  because  they 
have  changed  their  views,  but  because  they 
know  that  to  be  the  most  popular  side.  An 
example  is  former  Governor  and  former 
Senator  Hardwick,  who  as  governor  was 
present  at  the  opening  of  the  Ku  Klux 
places  and  toured  the  State  with  Tom  Watson 
denouncing  Catholics,  but  who  now  wants 
to  be  known  as  the  leader  of  the  anti-Ku 
Kluxers. 

Catholics  are  no  longer  boycotted.  The 
so-called  convent  inspection  bill  is  enforced, 
but  in  an  unobjectionable  way;  it  has,  by  the 
way,  given  non-Catholics  considerable  trouble 
and  Catholics  nothing  but  favorable  adver- 
tising. Alleged  ex-nuns  and  ex-priests  in 
former  days  found  Georgia  a  fine  place  to 
reap  a  harvest;  last  year  only  one  of  them 
visited  the  State,  and  he  left  it  poorer  than 
when  he  came  in.  Ministers  who  assisted 
Watson  in  nursing  the  anti-Catholic  spirit  are 
in  many  cases  now  without  congregations  in 
Georgia;  the  others  have  reformed. 

About  the  Ku  Klux  Klan, — that  should  be 
an  argument  in  favor  of  rather  than  against, 


the  power  of  the  printed  word.  The  Ku  Klux] 
spirit  Avas  here  before  the  Catholic  Laymen  'si 
Association  started  its  work.  Indeed  it  was 
that  spirit,  cultivated  by  the  anti-Catholics  andl 
their   leaders,   which  was   responsible   for  the 


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1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


233 


Church   Bazaars,    Festivals,    etc. 

Church  Institutions  have  been  buying  our 
goods  with  perfect  satisfaction  for  over 
thirty  years.  This  is  because  we  carry 
a  large  selection  of  merchandise  especial- 
ly suitable  for  such  purposes  at  un- 
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This  large  catalogue  free 
to  Clergymen  and  buying 
committees. 

We  can  refer  to  hundreds 
of  Catholic  Churches. 
Our   Catalog — 
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N.  SHURE  CO.,  Chicago 

Wholesale  Merchandise 


POSITION  WANTED,  as  choir  director  and 
organist,  by  a  man  competent  in  plain  chant, 
harmony,  rubrics,  counterpoint,  etc.  Am 
willing  to  serve  wherever  a  man  is  wanted  to 
direct  the  music  according  to  the  will  of  the 
Church.  I  am  a  pupil  of  the  late  Professor 
John  Singenberger,  of  St.  Francis,  Wis.  Ad- 
dress A.  B.  C,  c/o  Fortnightly  Revilw. 


Teacher 

and  Organist  Wanted 

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Ap- 

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to: 

J.  F.  H. 

c/o   Fortnightly   Review 

Blackwell  Wielandy 

Book  ^  Stationery  Co. 

Printers  of  Periodicals 
Book  Manufacturers 


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Is  printed  by  us 


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Tailor 


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organization  of  the  Catholic  Laymen 's  As- 
sociation of  Georgia.  A  hospital  is  not  blamed 
for  the  sickness  within  its  walls,  but  credited 
for  the  people  it  nurses  back  to  health.  We 
do  not  blame  the  Catholic  Church  for  the 
ignorance  of  the  Indians  among  whom  she 
works,  but  praise  her  for  the  good  she  does. 
So  it  is  with  the  Laymen 's  Association.  It 
ought  not  to  be  blamed  for  the  prejudice  it 
found  when  it  started,  but  be  judged  by  im- 
proved conditions. 

The  activities  of  the  Ku  Klux  in  Georgiji 
are  largely  imaginary.  The  Klan  started  in 
Atlanta,  but  it  did  not  amount  to  anything 
until  it  got  beyond  the  confines  of  the  State. 
In  Augusta,  a  city  of  about  55,000  people 
with  75,000  more  within  ten  miles,  and  the 
better  part  of  a  million  within  fifty  miles. 
I  believe,  there  have  been  three  Ku  Klux 
parades  in  five  years.  There  were  67  people 
in  the  first  parade,  23,  including  a  foreign 
band,  in  the  second,  and  about  80  in  the 
third.  And  we  have  it  on  good  authority 
that  many  of  these  were  not  from  Augusta. 
Atlanta  has  had  larger  parades,  the  partici- 
pants of  which  were  advertised  as  gathered 
from  the  entire  Southeast.  The  city  council 
at  Macon  last  week  refused  by  a  vote  of  ten 
to  one  to  allow  the  Ku  Klux  Klan  the  use  of 
the  Mtmicipal  Auditorium;  that  is  the  second 
time  it  acted  in  this  fashion;  Catholics  in 
Macon  number  less  than  1,000  of  the  55,000 
people. 

Our  Governor  is  reputed  to  be  a  Ku  Kluxer. 
But  he  did  not  run  as  a  Ku  Kluxer.  Indeed, 
when  he  went  to  Kansas  City  to  address  the 
Klan  gathering  there,  he  announced  that  he 
was  going  to  Philadelphia.  After  returning 
he  denied  that  he  was  at  the  Kansas  City 
meeting.  When  it  was  shown  that  he  was, 
he  said  that  he  went  there  to  make  a  plea 
for  tolerance.  When  the  newspapers, — 
Georgia  newspapers, — further  exposed  him  by 
printing  the  text  of  his  address  there, — an 
address  which  was  an  appeal  to  prejudice 
rather  than  of  tolerance, — he  did  the  only 
thing  that  he  could  do  except  apologize:  he 
shut  up. 

Now,  if  Georgia  is  a  Ku  Klux  State,  and 
if  the  Ku  Klux  are  such  a  power  here,  cer- 
tainly the  Governor  would  not  deny  his  mem- 
bership in  the  Klan.  If  the  Klan  were  power- 
ful here,  the  Governor  would  not  sneak  off  to 
address  it  and  then  try  to  lie  out  of  it  when 
caught 

To  give  a  bit  more  authority  to  my  state- 
ments I  may  say  that  in  telling  about  con- 
ditions in  Georgia  I  am  not  in  the  position 
of  a  man  defending  his  native  State.  Massa- 
chusetts is  my  native  State,  and  less  than 
six  years  ago  I  knew  very  little  about  Georgia 
except  many  things  which  I  have  since  found 
out  were  not  so. 

Eicliard  Eeid 
Publicity  Director,  Catholic  Laymen 's  Ass  'n. 
Augusta,  Ga.  of  Georgia. 


■-\u 


THIO    F(JRTNIGIITLY   JfKVTEW 


June  1 


BOOK  REVIEWS 


V/a!rh's 


o    k    on    ihe 
Century 


I  hirteenth 


Dr.  James  J.  Walsh's  book,  "The  Thir- 
teenth, Greatest  of  Centuries,"  was  first  jjub- 
lislied  in  1907,  and  no  less  than  60,(K)0  copies 
of  it  liave  been  sold  since  that  time.  The 
latest  edition,  published  in  the  "Best  B;)oks 
■Series"  l)y  the  Catholic  Summer  School  Press 
(1924)  has  been  submitted  to  us  for  review. 
As  the  book  has  been  hiohly  praised  by  some 
and  as  severely  criticized  by  others,  we  have 
thought  it  well  to  devote  to"  it  a  critical  estl- 
n.ate  of  somcAvhat  greater  length  than  we  can 
usually  give  to  popular  books  of  this  kind. 

In     extolling     the     thirteenth     century    the 
learned  author  is  in  good  company.     Eininent 
historians    like    Lord    Maeaulay  '  long     since 
called  attention  to  the  fact  that  we  moderns 
have   no   reason   to   look  with  contempt   upon 
the   Middle   Ages,   and   Count   Montalembert, 
in  the  introduction  to  his  Life  of  St.  Elizabeth 
of    Hungary,    pronounced    a    veritabh^    pane- 
gyric on  the  13th  century,  calling  it  ' '  perhaps 
the  most  important,  the  most  perfect,  and  the 
most  brilliant  period  in  the  history  of   Cath- 
olic society."     The  Middle  Ages  are  still  re- 
garded  by  many  as  a  period   of  intellectual 
darkness;   but  now  that  the  World  War  has 
destroyed   belief   in  the  constant  progress   of 
the    human   race    in    civilization    and    culture, 
we    have    reason    to    hope    that    at    least    the 
educated    portion    of    the    public    will    attain 
to  a  juster  opinion  of  the  Middle  Ages.     In 
Germany,    Dr.    Hans    Rost    recently    cited    a 
large   number  of  non-Catholic  testimonies   iti 
favor   of   the   Middle   Ages    ("Die   Wahrheit 
iiber    das    Mittelalter    nach    protestantischem 
Urteile,"    Leipsie,    1924).      A    veritable    sen- 
sation was  created  by  "Die  Welt  des  Mittel- 
alters   und   wir,    ein   geschichtsphilosophisoher 
Versueh"    by    P.    L.    Landsberg,    a    pupil    of 
the       famous       philosopher       Max       Scheler. 
Landsberg    writes   in    a   style    that   fairly   en- 
thuses the  younger  generation,   and  his  Avork 
is    doing    much    towards   instilling    into    their 
hearts  a  genuine  love  and  admiration  for  the 
Middle    Ages,    which,    in    spite    of    all    their 
defects,  Avere   a   period   of   high   culture,   enii 
nently   creative   because  based   on   a   firm    re- 
ligious  foundation.      The   Catholic   faith   Avas 
in  very  truth  the   central  sun  of  the   Middle 
Ages,    Avhich    illuminated    the    thoughts    and 
actions    of    men    and    directed    them    towards 
Heaven. 

The  Middle  Ages  reached  their  climax  in 
the  13th  century.  The  12th  century  Avas  also 
a  great  period  in  many  Avays,  but  to  the 
hindsight  of  the  historian  it  presents  itself 
rather  as  a  preparation  for  the  folloAviug 
century  of  great  saints  and  heroes,  eminent 
poets,  artists,  and  scholars ;  Avhile  the  14th 
century  shoAvs  plain  symptoms  of  decay.  In 
the  rhythm  of  historical  progression  the  period 
lying  betAveen  1200  and  1300  is  indisputably 


FCR  GALE.  Tv/o  Pipe  Organs,  Rebuilt. 
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and  terms  very  reasonable.  Organ  No.  Tavo, 
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tone.  Twelve  stops.  Attached  console.  Price 
and  terms  rcasonal)le.  To  be  replaced  by  ncAv 
Symplionic  Org:ui,  the  finest  church  organ 
ever  devised.  Address:  Adolph  B.  Suess,  1314 
Lyn  li  Ave.,  E.  St.  Louis,  111. 


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235 


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unique.  In  its  course  the  constitutive  ele- 
ments of  the  Middle  Ages  interpenetrated  one 
another,  and  we  beliold  the  national,  the 
ancient  classic,  and  th?  Christian  fused  into 
a  pure  and  harmonious  combination.  The 
loth  century  is  not  dominated  by  types  and 
schemata,  as  used  to  be  thought,  but  an  un- 
usual number  of  individual  talents  unfolded 
themselves  in  a  most  perfect  and  happy  fa- 
shion. Here  lie  the  true  foundations  of 
modern  culture,  modern  State  constitutions, 
and  the  modern  social  order.  Justly  has  the 
]3t]i  century  been  called  a  Pre-Eenaissance 
period,  for  the  idea  of  a  universal  and  com- 
plete rebirth  of  the  human  race  has  not  only 
its  root,  but  found  its  purest  realization  in 
that  period  (Francis  of  Assisi). 

However,  not  every  one  will  agree  as  to  the 
propr.ety  of  praising  the  thirteenth  as  ' '  the 
greatest  of  centuries. ' '  Montalembert  in- 
tentionally ciualitied  the  passage  we  have 
quoted  from  his  writings  by  the  little  ad- 
verb "perhaps."  The  trained  historian  as 
a  rule  does  not  apply  absolute  predicates. 
The  centuries  of  universal  history  are  not 
like  complete  mathematical  units,  wdiich  can 
be  added  or  suljtracted  without  an  incom- 
mensurable residuum.  Xor  is  it  proper  to 
paint  the  advantages  of  any  century  with 
brilliant  colors  and  to  ignore  its  defects.  Dr. 
Walsh  has  constructed  a  j)icture  of  the  13th 
century  which  resembles  a  romance  rather 
than  true  history  and  is  apt  to  mislead  the 
unwary  reader.  The  civilization  and  culture 
of  the  13th  century  was  great  and  glorious, 
no  doubt  of  that,  but  like  all  others  that 
preceded  and  followed  it,  Avas  relative,  not 
absolute,  for  the  history  of  the  human  race 
is  doomed  to  imperfection.  While  it 
would  be  foolish  to  permit  this  consideration 
to  spoil  one's  pleasure  in  contemplating  an 
age  of  really  great  achievements,  it  would 
be  ecjually.  silly  to  close  one's  eyes  to  the 
shadows  that  accompany  the  lights.  Those 
who  have  read  the  description  of  contem- 
porary morals  drawn  by  Jacob  de  Vitry, 
Stephen  of  Bourbon,  Caesarius  of  Heisterbach, 
and  Thomas  of  Chantimpre  knoAV  that  the 
life  of  the  people  in  the  13th  century  was 
anything  but  edifying.  We  must  never  forget 
that  the  13th  century,  and  the  medieval 
period  in  general,  was  a  time  of  sharply 
accentuated  contrasts; — severity  and  mildness, 
virtue  and  vice  flourished  side  by  side.  The 
chronicles  are  full  of  examples  of  the  purest 
piety  and  the  most  heroic  self-denial,  but  they 
likewise  teem  with  crass  superstition,  un- 
bridled indulgence,  and  abominable  cruelty. 
The  lack  of  a  firm  control  on  the  part  of  the 
State  left  too  much  room  for  the  develop- 
ment of  individual  selfishness.  The  long  and 
bitter  strife  between  State  and  Church  and 
the  frequent  infliction  of  the  ban  and  the  in- 
terdict exerted  a  devastating  influence  upon 
the  people  and  led  to  innumerable  conflicts 
of  conscience.  The  feuds  and  wars  of  the 
mighty  were  often  w-aged  with  inhuman  cruel- 
ty.    The  wide  spread  of  heresies  with  a  partly 


236 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


June  1 


anarchistic  tendency  indicates  the  social  evils 
that  ravaged  especially  Southern  France  and 
Northern  Italy,  and  jaroves  that  the  clergy  did 
not  measure  up  to  their  noble  task.  Pope 
Innocent  IV,  in  his  opening  address  at  the 
Ecumenical  Council  of  Lyons,  in  1245,  de- 
signated as  the  first  subject  of  his  anxious 
care  the  sins  of  the  higher  and  lower  clergy. 
In  matter  of  fact  many  bishops  and  other 
ecclesiastical  dignitaries,  most  of  whom  were 
taken  from  the  nobility,  led  a  very  worldly 
life  and  flagrantly  neglected  the  duties  of 
their  office.  The  pastors  and  the  lower  clergy 
in  general  were  to  a  large  extent  in  a  poor 
economical  condition  and  lacked  training  and 
discipline.  The  councils  of  the  13th  century 
frequently  complain  of  these  evils.  Even  the 
mendicant  orders,  which  had  taken  such  an 
admirable  start,  fell  from  their  high  estate 
already  in  the  second  half  of  the_  13th  cen- 
tury. The  Order  of  the  Friars  Minor,  found- 
ed by  St.  Francis  of  Assisi,  was  almost  dis- 
rupted by  internal  quarrels.  The  wide  gap 
between  the  ideal  and  the  real  in  the  13th 
century  is  perhaps  best  illustrated  by  the 
word  Inquisition,  which  has  such  a  hateful 
sound  in  the  ear  of  modern  nxen.  Though 
plausible  reasons  may  be  found  in  the  cir- 
cumstances of  the  time  for  the  establishment 
of  this  odious  institution,  the  Inquisition  ill 
accords  with  the  religion  of  love  and  mercy, 
and  was  predestined  to  failure  because  it  was 
based  upon  the  fatal  error  that  intellectual 
and  religious  movements  can  be  successfully 
combatted  by  means  of  physical  violence. 
The  barbaric  procedures  of  the  Inquisition, 
such  as  the  use  of  the  rack  to  extort  con- 
fessions of  guilt,  and  the  burning  of  victims, 
marked  a  reversion  to  the  ancient  Eoman- 
Byzantine  legislation,  w'hich  was  built  upon 
and  saturated  with  the  spirit  of  paganism. 
It  is  a  matter  of  deep  regret  that  the  Popes 
of  that  time  did  not  perceive  what  Petrus 
Cantor,  of  Paris,  saw  as  early  as  the  12th 
century,  namely,  that  the  Church,  which  ' '  does 
not  thirst  after  blood, ' '  could  not  logically 
escape  responsibility  for  the  death  senten- 
ces inflicted  by  the  Inquisition  on  the  plea 
that  she  was  merely  turning  the  criminals  over 
to  the  'civil  authorities  for  execution.  The 
Church  has  long  since  abrogated  the  Inquisi- 
tion in  its  medieval  form,  and  in  her  new- 
Code  has  returned  (can.  1351)  to  the  principle 
proclaimed  by  St.  Augustine  and  St.  Bernard, 
that  ' '  no  man  should  be  compelled  to  accept 
the  Catholic  faith  against  his  will. ' ' 

There  is  still  another  respect  in  which  the 
statements  of  Dr.  Walsh,  so  true  and  edifying 
in  many  regards,  stand  in  need  of  correction 
and  completion.  It  is -surprising  that  this 
massive  volume  on  the  13th  century  contains 
no  chapter  on  the  Popes  of  that  period — 
Innocent  III,  Honorius  III,  Gregory  IX, 
Innocent  IV,  Nicholas  III,  and  Boniface  VIII. 
The  author  feels  this  defect  himself  (cfr.  p. 
445),  but  what  he  says  in  Appendix  II  of 
Innocent  III,   the  greatest  Pope  of  the  ceu- 


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Richstatter,  Karl,  S.  J.  Die  Herz-Jesu- 
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len  dargestellt.  Mit  18  Tafeln  altdeut- 
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6  vols.,  bound.     $1.50. 

Scott,  Martin,  J.  (S.  J.).  Christ  or  Chaos. 
$1.25.  (A  terse  argument  for  the  divine 
origin,  doctrine,  and  infallibility  of  the 
Catholic  Church  against  false  science  and 
philosophy.) 

Tauler,  John.  Meditations  on  the  Life  and 
Passion  of  Our  Lord  Jesus  Christ.  Lon- 
don,  1925.     $2. 

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or,  A  Progress  from  Puritanism  to  Catholi- 
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Monnin,  A.  The  Cure  of  Ars.  Life  of  Bl. 
Jean-Baptiste-Marie  Vianney.  Tr.  by  B. 
Wolferstan,  S.  J.     London,  1925.    $5. 

Pohle-Preuss.  God:  His  Kuowability,  Es- 
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1921.     $2. 

Brothers  of  the  Sacred  Heart.  Spiritual 
Guide  for  Religious.    Metuchen,  N.  J.    $1. 

Kramp,  Jos.,  S.  J.  Eucharistia :  Von  ihrem 
Wesen  und  Wert.    Freiburg,  1924.    65  cts. 

Stebbing,  Geo.  (C.  SS.  R.).  The  Redemp- 
torists.     London,  1924.     $2. 

McCann,  Justin,  O.  S.  B.  The  Cloud  of 
Unknowing  and  Other  Treatises  by  an 
English  Mystic  of  the  14th  Century.  With 
a  Commentary  by  Fr.  Aug.  Baker,  O.  S. 
B.  London,  1924.     $1. 

U.  S.  Catholic  Chaplains  in  the  World  War. 
N.  Y.,  1924.     $1.50. 

Grussi,  A.  M.  Chats  on  Christian  Names. 
Boston,   1925.     $2. 

Poulain,  Aug.  (S.  J.).  Handbuch  der 
Mystik.  Freie  Wiedergabe.  Freiburg  i. 
B      $2 

Cladder,  H.  J.  (S.  J.).  In  The  Fuhiess  of 
Time.  The  Gospel  of  St.  Matthew  Ex- 
plained. Tr.  by  G.  J.  Schulte,  S.  J.  St. 
Louis,  1925.     $2. 

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237 


THE  SYMPHONIC  ORGAN 

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tury,  is  wofully  inadec^uate.  This  Appendix, 
by  the  way,  with  its  ' '  Twenty-six  chapters 
that  might  have  been,"  is  a  veritable  hodge- 
podge of  data  and  statements  jumbled  to- 
gether without  order  and  method  in  a  fashion 
that  is  apt  to  confuse  the  ordinary  reader. 
The  really  pertinent  information  contained 
therein  should  have  been  carefully  worked  in- 
to the  text.  Dr.  Walsh  is  not  well  informed 
regarding  Boniface  A^II  (1294-1303). 
Boniface  was  not,  as  he  is  described  in  this 
book,  ' '  the  most  misunderstood  of  Popes, 
who  is  in  spite  of  this  one  of  the  worthiest 
successors  of  Peter"  (p.  2;  cfr.  p.  372). 
Recent  publications,  in  particular  the  reports 
of  the  Aragonese  ambassadors  to  the  Holy 
See,  edited  by  Professor  Finke  of  Freiburg, 
show  beyond  dispute  that  Boniface  VIII, 
while  in  some  resj^ects  a  great  man,  had  cer- 
tain weaknesses  of  character  which  became 
at  least  the  partial  cause  of  his  defeat.  He 
was  proud,  greedy,  and  arrogant,  had  a 
violent  temper,  paid  little  regard  to  the  feelings 
of  others,  and  unduly  favored  his  relatives.  It 
is  well  to  honor  him  as  the  champion  of  a 
great  cause,  but  in  undertaking  to  defend  his 
cliaracter  one  should  remember  that  Dante 
(Inferno,  XXVII,  85),  perhaps  exaggerating 
somewhat  the  demands  of  poetic  justice,  con- 
signs Boniface  VIII  to  hell  as  "the  leader  of 
the  new  Pharisees  (principe  de '  nuovi  fari- 
sei)." 

It  would  take  us  too  far  afield  to  enter  in- 
to a  detailed  criticism  of  Dr.  Walsh's  minor 
slips,  as,  for  instance,  his  use  of  the  word 
"  Meistersinger "  (pp.  10,  182,  335)  to  des- 
ignate the  great  German  poets  of  the  13th 
century,  whereab  it  is  a  technical  term  for 
burghers  and  artisans  (Meister^Handwerks- 
meister)  of  the  14th  and  loth  centuries  who 
in  their  guilds  and  trade  unions  cultivated 
the  arts  of  poetry  and  song  with  more  en- 
thusiasm than  talent. 

All  in  all  this  work,  though  excellent  in 
many  respects,  requires  a  thorough  over- 
hauling in  order  to  meet  with  unqualified 
approval.  The  author  will  find  much  use- 
ful information  in  Father  Emil  Michael's 
(S.  J.)  five-volume  "  Kulturgeschichte 
Deutschlands  im  13.  Jahrhundert, "  which  is 
based  on  a  thorough  study  of  the  sources. 
Fr.  Michael  divides  lights  and  shadows  more 
judiciously  than  Dr.  Walsh,  whose  account  of 
the  13th  century  is  altogether  too  one-sided. 


Literary  Briefs 

— Whether  or  not  the  ' '  Meditations  on  the 
Life  and  Passion  of  Our  Lord  Jesus  Christ" 
attributed  to  the  14th  century  Dominican 
John  Tauler,  were  actually  written  by  that 
famous  theologian  and  mystic,  they  are  in- 
disputably a  very  devout  work,  and  hence  we 
hail  with  pleasure  the  appearance  of  a  new 
(the  fourth)  edition  of  the  late  Dr. 
Cruikshank's  translation  of  the  text,  with  a 
preface   by  Fr.  Bertrand  Wilberforee,   O.  P. 


238 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


June  1 


WiDMER  Engineering  Company 


ARCHITECTS 


LACLEDE  GAS  BUILDING 
ST.  LOUIS      ■      MO. 


A  proiniiieiit  feature  of  this  work  is  tliat  it 
teaches  the  reader  to  pray  about  the  Passion; 
that  is,  it  consists  not  merely  of  thoughts  and 
reflections,  but  largely  of  prayers,  and  there- 
fore may  justly  be  called  ' '  a  book  of  mental 
prayer  suggested  by  the  Passion  of  Our 
Lord. ' '  As  such  it  is  deserving  of  v>-arm  re- 
commendation.    (Benziger  Bros.) 

■ — ' '  The  Conservation  of  Catholic  Truth, 
Example  Number  Two, '.'  is  the  title  of  a 
brochure  prepared  for  personal  and  limited 
distribution,  containing  letters  written  by  Air. 
Benedict  Elder  and  published  in  the  Louis- 
ville daily  papers.  It  is  of  the  same  character 
as  ' '  Example  Number  One. ' '  Mr.  Elder  has 
become  justly  famous  in  the  field  of  apolo- 
getics. He  always  approaches  his  subject 
with  poise,  deals  with  it  in  a  complete  and 
satisfying  manner,  and  never  loses  his  com- 
posure. These  particular  letters  are  in  con- 
nection with,  or  in  criticism  of,  H.  G.  Wells' 
"Outline  of  History,"  Van  Loon's  "History 
of  Mankind,"  and  other  subjects  which  were 
running  serially  as  syndicated  articles  in  the 
daily  press  of  the  country.  A  copy  of  this 
Ijrochure  will  be  mailed  free  to  anyone  in- 
terested. Address  Elder-Callahan  Bureau, 
1-^00  Maple  Street,  Louisville,  Ky. 

—Under  the  title,  "Uni  Una!  To  the  One 
God  my  One  Soul, ' '  Father  Fulgence  Meyer, 
O.  F.  M.,  the  well  known  theologj-  professor 
arid  retreat  master  of  the  Cincinnati  Province 
of  the  Order  of  Friars  Minor,  has  made  ac- 


cessililf  to  the  general  public  his  "Retreat 
Lectures  and  Readings  for  Religious  and 
Priests."  These  lectures  and  readings  re- 
present a  comprehensive  and  sympathetic 
ascetical  treatise  on  the  religious  life  and 
Avill  prove  a  useful  help  especially  during  the 
annual  retreat.  The  text  is  cut  up  mto  small 
sections,  each  with  an  appropriate  subtitle, 
and  one  does  not  have  to  read  many  pages 
before  one  is  struck  by  the  modernity  of 
the  author's  method  and  the  appositeness  of 
his  examj^les  and  illustrations.  Thus  he  de- 
scribes the  annual  retreat  as  ' '  Bargain  Week, ' ' 
as  "Test  Week,"  as  "Deflation  Week,"  as 
' '  Disarmament  Week, "  as  "  Efficiency  Week, ' ' 
etc.,  thus  graphically  bringing  out  its  various 
aspects  and  purposes.  The  thought  featured 
in  the  main  title,  "Uni  Una,"  runs  like  a 
silken  thread  through  the  Avhole  book.  Arch- 
bishop Chartraiid  has  contributed  a  foreword, 
in  which  he  sets  forth  Fr.  Fulgence 's  excep- 
tional cjualifieations  for  this  sort  of  work  and 
expresses  the  hope,  which  we  share,  that  "the 
solidity,  dei^th,  freshness,  and  attractiveness 
of  his  teaching  ....  will  benefit  every  reader, 
as  they  have  impressed  and  edified  the  ac- 
tual hearers"  of  these  lectures.  The  book  is 
neatly  printed  and  bound  in  flexible  imitation 
leather.  (St.  Anthony's  Monastery,  B.  9, 
Box   254,   Cincinnati,   O.) 

— A  most  attractively  gotten  out  booklet  for 
the  Novena  of  Grace  in  honor  of  St.  Francis 
Xavier    is    that    issued    by    the    Rev.    J.    B. 


1925 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


239 


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Father  F.  Kombouts,  of  New  Orleans, 
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Kessel,  S.  J.,  of  Mankato,  Minn.  Besides 
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twenty-four  pages  contain  suggestions  for 
other  forms  of  devotion  to  the  Saint,  es- 
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souls. 

— M.  E.  Francis  (Mrs.  Francis  Blundell) 
has  collaborated  with  her  daughter  Agnes  in 
writing  a  simple,  happy  tale,  entitled  ' '  Golden 
Sally. ' '  The  heroine  is  a  girl  who  leaves 
school  and  bright  prospects  in  England  for  a 
lonely  farm  in  Canada,  where  her  brother  is 
struggling  to  keep  things  together  for  an 
invalid  father,  a  vulgar  stepmother,  and  a 
second  crop  of  children,  who  are  being  brought 
up  in  ignorance  of  all  religion.  The  story 
can  be  recommended  to  readers  who  like  good 
if  somewhat  unsophisticated  fiction  that  can- 
not be  called  "clever.'"  (Sands  &  Co.  and 
P>.  Herder  Book  Co.) 


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Homfahrt.  Kurzer  kunstgeschichtlicher  Fiihrer 
durch  die  Ewige  Stadt.  Vou  Hermann 
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11  Bildern  nach  alten  Stichen.  215  pp. 
41,4x614  in-  Munich:  Verlag  Josef  Kbsel 
&   Friedrich   Pustet   K.-G.      75   cts. 

Sponsa  Verbi.  The  Virgin  Consecrated  to 
Christ.  Spiritual  Conferences  by  the  Et. 
Eev.  Dom  Columba  Marmiou,  O.  S.  B., 
Abbot  of  Maredsous.  Tr.  from  the  French 
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Sands  &  Co.  and  B.  Herder  Book  Co.  90 
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canam  Breviarii  Eomani.  231  pp.  4x6  i/i  in. 
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' '  The  Spy."  A  Dramatization  of  J.  Feunimore 
Cooper's  Novel  by  Joseph  P.  Brencano.  A 
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Female  Characters.  62  pp.  16mo.  Brooten, 
Minn.:  Catholic  Dramatic  Co.  (Eev.  M. 
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Ernest  E.  Hull,  S.  J.  80  pp.  5x7  in. 
Bombay,  India:   Examiner  Press. 

T]ie  Crowds  of  Lourdes.  By  J.  K.  Huysmans. 
Translated  by  W.  H.  Mitchell,  xi  &  260 
pp.  12mo.    Benziger  Bros.    $2.25  net. 


i40 


THE  FORTNIGHTJjY  REVIEW 


June  1 


A  SPRINKLE  OF  SPICE 


The  eolorod  brethren  -vverc  making  a  drive 
to  raise  funds  for  an  addition  to  the  first 
African  Baptist  Church.  Two  sisters  called 
on  Uncle  Berry,  an  aged  negro  who  lived  on 
the  outskirts  of  the  village,  explained  the 
purpose  of  their  visit,  and  asked  the  aged 
darkey  to  give  something  towards  the  cause. 

"Lawsy,  sisters,  I  sho  would  like  to  help 
you-all  along."  he  said,  "but  I  just  ain't  got 
it.  Why,  I  has  the  hardest  time  to  keep 
paying  a  little  something  on  what  I  already 
owe  around  here." 

"But,"  said  one  of  the  collectors,  "you 
know  you  owe  the  Lord  something  too." 

"Yes,  dat's  right,  sister,"  said  the  old 
man,  "but  he  ain't  pushing  me  like  the  others 
is." 


At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  British  Educa- 
tional Association  Mr.  Wickham  Steed,  ex- 
oditor  of  the  Times  said  in  a  sj)arkling  speecli, 
amid  laughter:  "Even  if  you  hate  the  Ger- 
mans and  wish  to  do  them  harm,  learn  their 
language  and  do  it  intelligently. ' '  Mr.  Steed 
told  a  story  of  King  Edward  VII,  who,  he 
said,  up  to  the  age  of  ten  could  hardly  speak 
English,  and  thereafter  always  spoke  it  with 
a  slight  foreign  accent.  He  was  conscious  of 
this,  and  whenever  he  made  a  speech  in  Ger- 
man— which  he  spoke  elegantly — he  was  care- 
ful to  make  one  or  two  mistakes,  just  to  show 
that  he  could  make  mistakes  in  that  language. 


' '  We  have  come  from  the  Middle  Ages  into 
the  muddle  ages, ' '  said  Dean  Inge  at  Yale. 


The  Loudon  Universe  prints  the  following 
story  from  Cornwall.  A  young  girl  went  to 
a  priest  and  said  she  wished  to  become  a 
Catholic  at  once.  "But,  my  child,  have  you 
been  properly  instructed?"  asked  the  priest. 
"ISTo,  I  have  not,  but  that  does  not  matter; 
I  want  to  be  made  a  Catholic  now." — "But 
it  does  matter, ' '  argued  the  priest.  ' '  l^ou 
must  have  several  months '  instruction  before 
you  can  possibly  be  received  into  the  Church. 
May  I  ask  what  has  made  you  think  of  taking 
this  serious  step  ? ' ' — ' '  Well, ' '  replied  the 
girl,  "I  have  had  an  awful  row  with  my 
people,  and  I'm  determined  to  disgrace  the 
family. ' ' 


The  following  little  aside  as  to  Christian 
Science  is  extracted  from  the  Diary  of  Sir 
Algernon  West:  People  were  talking  a  great 
deal .  . .  about  Christian  Science,  and  a  strong 
advocate  of  it  called  at  a  friend's  house, 
asking  for  her.  The  maid  said:  "Ohl  Ma'am 
she's  very  ill." — "Nonsense,"  said  the 
Scientist ;  ' '  she  is  not  really  ill,  she  only 
thinks  she  is. ' ' — The  next  day  the  Scientist 
called  again,  and  in  answer  to  inquiries  the 
maid  said:  "Well,  Ma'am  thinks  she  is 
dead. ' ' 


NOW    COMPLETE   IN    THREE 

VOLUMES 

Handbook 

of 
Scripture 


By    the 

Rev.  H.  Schumacher,  S.  T.  D. 

Professor   of   New   Testament  Scripture 
at   the   Catholic  University   of  America. 

Vol.  1  General  Introduction.  Cloth, 
8  vo.,  XVI  &  281  pages,  net 
$2.00. 

Vol.  !I  The  Old  Testament,  Cloth, 
8  vo.,  VIH    &    252   pages,   net 

$2.00. 
Vol.    Ill       The    New    Testament,    Cloth, 
8vo.,    VI     &     317     pages,    net 

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"...The  subject  is  treated  with  that 
mastery  which  long  familiarity  alone  can 
give,  and  with  a  precision  and  brevity 
that  makes  the  work  invaluable,  not  only 
to  the  student,  but  also  to  the  mature 
reader  who  wishes  to  refresh  his  memory. 
A  characteristic  feature  of  this  'Hand- 
book '  ...  is  its  up-to-dateness  and  its  con- 
stant references.  .  .  .  Dr.  Schumacher  has 
lived  up  to  his  reputation  for  Biblical 
scholarship  in  this  volume  . .  .  this  '  Hand- 
book' will  take  rank  as  the  best  of  its 
kind  in  English. ' ' 

{The  Fortnightly  Be  view). 

"...  It  is  almost  as  solid  as  a  table  of 
logarithms,  and  yet  the  method  of  presen- 
tation is  so  natural  and  easy  that  the 
work  of  the  student  is  a  delight, 

' '  Next  the  reader  notices  on  all  sides 
evidence  of  deep  and  broad  scholarship-. 
In  knowledge  of  his  subject  and  familiar- 
ity with  its  literature,  Dr.  Schumacher 
has  absolutely  no  rival  among  Catholic 
scholars  in  America. ...  he  has  succeeded 
in  combining  the  most  advanced  modern 
scholarship — I  mean  genuine  scholarship, 
not  irresponsible  speculation — with  the 
finest  ecclesiastical  spirit  and  temper. 
Truth  is  his  passion  and  not  sensational- 
ism. ..." 

(Ballimore  Catholic  Be  view). 


B.  Herder  Book  Co. 

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J925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEYIEW 


241 


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The  Fortnightly  Review 


VOL.  XXXII,  XO.  1:2 


vST.  LOUIS,  MISSOUEI 


June  15th.  19125 


CHRONICLE  AND  COMMENT 


Compulsory  Arbitration  of  Industrial 
Disputes 

The  U.  States  Supreme  Court,  as 
our  readers  know,  has  declared  un- 
constitutional the  Kansas  Industrial 
Court  Act,  Avhich  gave  to  a  state  agency 
the  power  to  prevent  and  ad.judicatc 
labor  disputes  by  fixing  wages,  hours, 
and  other  conditions  of  labor  that 
might  have  caused,  or  tiu'eatened  to 
cause,  a  cessation  of  operations  in  coal 
mining,  clothing  manufacture,  food 
production,  and  pu])lic  utilities.  The 
grounds  upon  whieh  the  Sui^remc 
Court  declared  this  law  unconstitution- 
al are  found  in  the  14th  amendment 
to  the  federal  Constitution,  wliicli  for- 
bids anv  State  to  deprive  persons  of 
life,  liberty,  or  property  Avithout  due 
process  of  law.  The  judges  held  that 
the  Kansas  law  Avas  at  variance  Avith 
this  constituticmal  clause  because  it  de- 
prived the  employers  and  employees  of 
reasonable  freedom  of  contract.  The 
effect  of  this  decision,  in  the  opinion  of 
the  Catholic  Charities  Revieiv,  is  to 
render  futile  any  law  providing  for  the 
compulsory  arbitration  of  industrial 
disputes  in  ordinary  competitive  in- 
dustries. As  a  consequence,  "com- 
pulsory arbitration  as  a  general 
remedy  for  industrial  disturbances  is 
now  outside  the  realm  of  ]n"actical  dis- 
cussion in  the  U.  S.  A." 

St.  Canisius,  Prince  of  Catechists 

St.  Peter  Canisius,  who  was  canon- 
ized May  21,  Avielded  an  influence  that 
is  felt  in  Catholic  German.v  even  to  the 
present  day.  To  a  great  extent  the 
cause  of  this  Avere  his  heroic  labors 
that  earned  for  him  the  title  "Hammer 
of  Heretics,"  but,  as  James  F.  Butler, 
S.  J.,  points  out  in  the  C.  I.  L.  Messen- 
g\er  (Chicago,  Vol.  II,  No.  5),  "a  more 
potent   and  lasting"  cause  of  his  fame 


Avas  his  apostleship  of  the  pen.  '  •  When 
not  preaching,  he  Avas  Avriting,  and  the 
list  of  doctrinal  and  catechetical  Avorks 
from  the  pen  of  one  otherwise  busily 
engaged  is  truly  astounding.  Chief 
among  these  Avorks  are  his  catechisms, 
books  Avhich  have  been  republishecl 
time  Avitliout  number  and  been  trans- 
lated into  almost  all  the  knoAvn  lan- 
guages. These  catechisms,  published  in 
various  forms  to  suit  the  needs  of  the 
various  classes,  proved  a  poAverful  aid 
in  the  instruction  of  youth  in  those 
troublous  times,  and  their  influence  be- 
came so  ingrained  that  late  in  the  18th 
century  'Do  you  knoAv  your  Canisius?' 
Avas  the  by-Avord  for  'Do  you  know 
.A-our  catechism?'  "  Canisius  used  this 
catechism  to  good  effect  and  may  Avell 
serve  as  a  model  for  those  Avho,  in  our 
own  no  less  troublous  time,  are  en- 
trusted Avith  the  important  duty  of 
schooling  the  young  in  the  salvifie 
teachings  of  Christ. 

The   Case   of  Alexander  VI 

After  quoting  Fr.  Herbert  Thurston, 
S.  J.,  on  Msgr.  De  Roo's  ill-starred  at- 
tempt to  rehabilitate  Pope  Alexander 
VI  (cfr.  F.  R.,  XXXII,  9,  p.  183),  the 
Bombay  Examiner  (Vol.  76,  No.  18) 
says : 

"To  make  a  long  story  short,  Fr. 
Thurston  considers  this  to*  be  the  work 
of  a  crank,  Avho  '  attributes  CA^ery  word 
of  blame  spoken  against  Rodrigo 
Borgia  to  pre.iudice  and  spite,'  Avhile 
'completely  ignoring  a  Avhole  mass  of 
adverse  evidence  Avhich  for  earlier  his- 
torians formed  the  backbone  of  their 
case.'  At  the  same  time  Msgr.  de  Roo 
directs  the  most  violent  invective,  not 
only  ag-ainst  anti-papal  Avriters  Avho  ac- 
cept the  traditional  a^cav  of  Pope 
Alexander,  but  against  Catholic  his- 
torians and  especially  against  Pastor. 


244 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


June  15 


Fr.  Tliurstoji  lias  little  difficulty  in 
showing  that  these  attacks,  as  well  as 
the  Avriter's  wholesale  charges  of  for- 
gery of  documents,  destruction  of  rec- 
ords, etc.,  are  mere  assertions  witJiout 
foundation  or  critical  value.  After  this 
verdict,  it  is  not  likely  that  serious 
students  of  history  will  have  much  use 
for  Msgr.  de  Roo's  work. 

''Shameful  as  the  life  of  Pope 
Alexander:  undoubtedly  was,  it  serves 
at  least  to  demonstrate  that  pa]Kil  in- 
fallibility does  7iot  mean  impeccability, 
as  Protestants  so  often  pretend,  while 
it  shows  too  how  even  a  man  as  un- 
faithful to  his  priestly  duties  as 
Alexander  is  yet  prevented  by  God's 
unfailing  Providence  from  publicly 
leading  the  Church  astray  as  Pope.  For 
the  rest,  the  mere  fact  that  Protestants 
make  so  much  of  this  one  case  shows 
how  hardly  they  are  put  to  it  to  find 
ground  for  attacking  the  Papacj^  and 
is  a  most  remarkable  testimony  to  the 
high  moral  standard  maintained  with 
so  few  exceptions  throughout  the  long 
line   of   S.   Peter's  successors." 

The  Church  and  Secret  Societies 

In  reply  to  a  query  whether  Cath- 
olics may  join  the  Benevolent  and  Pro- 
tective Order  of  Elks  or  the  Brother- 
hood of  American  Yeomen,  the 
Homiletic  and  Pastoral  Review  savs 
(Vol.  XXV,  No.  7,  p.  764)  : 

"It  is  a  well-known  fact  that  many 
Catholics  belong  to  the  Elks,  and  that 
is  true,  very  likely,  of  the  American 
Yeomen.  And  yet,  w^io  can  say  that 
they  are  not  acting  against  the  prin- 
ciples of  their  faith  when  one  considers 
what  men  who  have  studied  these  or- 
ganizations say  about  them?  (Cfr. 
Arthur  Preuss,  'A  Dictionarj^  of  Secret 
and  Other  Societies,'  pp.  59  and  74.) 
It  is  not  within  the  power  of  a  privat(> 
individual  to  decide  Avhether  Canon 
2335 — which  is  directed  against  the 
Masons  and  other  societies  of  the  same 
character — applies  to  the  Elks  and  the 
Yeomen  and  many  other  societies.  In 
the  United  States  an  individual  bishop 
may  not  give  a  declaration  to  the  effect 
that  a  certain  society  is  forbidden.  The 
Second  Plenary  Council  of  Baltimore, 


Xo.  520,  forbids  this  and  wants  the 
matter  referred  to  the^  Holy  See  for 
decision." 

The  situation  with  regard  to  these 
and  other  secret  and  semi-secret  so- 
cieties is  so  unsatisfactory  that  the 
edicors  of  the  Iloinilctic  and  Pastoral 
Review  stress  the  need  of  another  plen- 
«ry  council,  which,  they  say,  should  em- 
brace Canada, — because  many  of  the 
organizations  in  question  are  spread 
over  both  countries, — and  should  lay 
down  a  uniform  rule  by  which  all 
bishops  and  priests  could  and  should 
act.  From  our  intmiate  knowledge  of 
the  existing  situation  and  its  danger  to 
souls  and- to  the  Catholic  cause  in  gene- 
ral, we  heartily  subscribe  to  this  sug- 
gestion. 

The  Diary  of  a  Missionary  Bishop 

Part  Six  of  Fr.  Benedict  Roth's  (0. 
S.  B.)  "Brief  Historj^  of  the  Churches 
of  the  Diocese  of  St.  Augustine, 
Florida,"  contains  a  "Record  of  the 
Episcopal  Acts  of  Rt.  Rev.  Augustin 
Verot,  Bishop  of  Savannah  and  Ad- 
ministrator Apostolic  of  Florida." 
Bishop  Verot  apparently  wrote  detail- 
ed accounts  of  all  his  various  activities 
at  the  time  of  their  occurrence,  on  note 
paper,  and  later  entered  them,  less 
minutely,  in  a  book,  of  which  this  is  a 
transcription.  The  record  extends  from 
Aug.  18,  1861,  through  the  Civil  War 
days,  to  1876,  and  is  a  document  of 
considerable  value  for  the  early  his- 
tory of  the  Church  in  Georgia  and 
Florida. 

Conditions  during  the  Civil  War 
Avere  bad  in  that  portion  of  the  South, 
and  the  zealous  Bishop  had  to  make 
many  a  tedious  and  dangerous  trip  by 
mule  team  and  carriage.  The  vic- 
torious "Yankees"  entered  his  epis- 
copal city,  Dec.  21,  1864,  but  fortunate- 
ly did  no  damage  to  the  church  proper- 
ty beyond  burning  the  cemetery  fence, 
and  when  Msgr.  Verot  took  up  a  Christ- 
mas collection  for  the  orphans,  the 
Catholic  soldiers  of  Sherman's  army 
gave  him  $400,  "which  w^as  a  godsend, 
as  there  was  no  other  money  at  the 
time  than  the  Confederate  money, 
which   had   become   quite   worthless." 


1925 


THE  FOETXIGHTLY  BE  VIEW 


245 


Gen.  Sherman  gave  him  a  pass  to  cross 
the  lines  at  any  place. 

Those  who  know  from  Granderath- 
Kirch's  "Geschichte  des  Vatikanischen 
Konzils"  how  often  and  how  vigorous- 
ly the  combative  Bishop  of  Savannah 
participated  in  the  debates  of  the  Vat- 
ican Council,  will  smile  at  his  modest 
statement  (the  only  reference  to  the 
matter  in  this  record)  :  "I  spoke  several 
times  in  the  Council,"  and  still  more  at 
his  subsequent  remark  that  towards  the 
end  of  October,  1870,  he  announced  his 
adhesion  to  the  Council,  "disclaiming 
many  errors  that  had  been  attributed 
to  me  as  having  defended  them  in  the 
Council."  Bishop  Verot,  as  early  as 
1864,  published  a  Catechism  for  his 
diocese  and  at  a  synod  held  in  St. 
Augustine,  in  October,  1861,  "made 
and  promulgated  fourteen  canons." 

When  Was  Lafayette  Made  a  Mason  ? 

Apropos  of  Mr.  Benedict  Elder's 
article  on  ' '  Lafayette,  the  Freemason, ' ' 
in  No.  10  of  the  F.  R.,  the  question  has 
been  asked :  When  and  where  did 
Lafa^'ette  become  a  Mason? 

This  question,  we  gather  from  a  i)a- 
per  in  the  Masonic  Builder  (Vol.  XI, 
No.  3),  cannot  be  ansAvered  with  cer- 
tainty. That  Lafayette  ivas  a  Master 
Mason  is  fully  attested  by  the  facts 
mentioned  by  Mr.  Elder,  but  no  posi- 
tive record  of  his  reception  into  the 
Lodge  has  ever  been  discovered.  The 
tradition  that  he  was  made  a  Mason 
in  one  of  the  military  lodges  at  Morris- 
town,  N.  J.,  has  no  basis  in  fact,  aiid 
is  improbable  in  the  light  of  his  move- 
ments, as  traced  by  Bro.  Harry  J. 
Guthrie,  P.  G.  M.,  of  Delaware  (ilid.). 
It  is  more  likely  that  Gen.  Lafaj^ette 
was  made  a  Mason  in  a  military  lodge 
which  met  at  Valley  Forge  during  the 
winter  of  1777—1778.  No  official 
lodge  record  of  such  action  has  ever 
been  discovered,  but  we  have  the  tes- 
timony of  Bro.  George  W.  Chaytor, 
in  an  address  before  Lafayette  Lodge 
No.  14,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  at  Wilmington, 
Del.,  Jan.  18,  1875,  upon  the  occasion 
of  the  50th  anniversary  of  its  con- 
stitution, to  the  effect  that,  according 
to  a  Masonic  tradition,  Lafayette  him- 


self, at  the  time  when  he  was  the  guest 
of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Delaware,  stated 
that  he  had  been  initiated  into  Free- 
masonr}'  during  the  winter  of  1777-78, 
at  Valley  Forge,  Pa.,  and  that  it  was 
only  after  he  had  become  a  Mason  that 
he  enjoyed  the  full  confidence  of 
General  Washington. 

In  No.  5  of  The  Builder  (p.  10)  is 
a  communication  from  Bro.  Geo.  W. 
Baird,  Avho  says  :  "In  an  address  to  the 
Grand  Lodge  of  Tennessee,  May  4, 
1825,  Lafayette  himself  stated  that  he 
Avas  initiated  before  he  ever  came  to 
this  country."  So  the  question  is  still 
open. 

Correcting  the  Roman  Martyrology 

Dom  Henry  Quentin,  0.  S.  B.,  has 
published  an  important  article  in  the 
"  Analecta  Bollandiana'"  on  the  correc- 
tion of  the  Roman  Martyrology.  There 
had  previously  existed  an  historico- 
liturgical  commission  for  the  reform  of 
the  liturgical  books.  This  commission 
Avas  composed  of  liturgical  specialists. 
Leo  XIII  had  appointed  the  commis- 
sion, but  circumstances  prevented  the 
scientific  efforts  of  the  commission  from 
reaching'  a  satisfactory  conclusion.  A 
ncAA'  edition  of  the  Roman  Martyrology 
made  its  appearance  in  1922,  but  the 
progress  of  hagiography  had  not  been 
fully  utilized.  Under  Pope  Pius  XI, 
the  necessary  critical  recasting  of  the 
Roman  Martyrology  has  been  offlciall}^ 
giATu  to  Dom  Quentin,  of  Solesmes 
Abbej^  a  member  of  the  Pontifical  Com- 
mission for  the  Revision  of  the  Vulgate. 
His  Avork  on  the  Historical  Martyr- 
ologies  of  the  Middle  Ages,  published 
in  1908,  proves  that  he  is  an  authority 
on  the  subject. 


On  May  17th  Soeur  Therese  of 
Lisieux  was  solemnly  canonized.  Sel- 
dom in  recent  years  has  a  saint  been 
raised  so  quickly  to  the  altar.  Born 
in  1873,  Soeur  Therese',  had  she  lived, 
Avould  now  be  only  52.  But  she  died 
a  Carmelite  in  1897,  aged  23,  and  al- 
ready her  name  is  knoAvn  and  loved 
all  through  the  Catholic  world.  Father 
Allan  Ross,  of  the  London  Oratory,  has 
AA'ritten  her  life  for  the  Catliolic  Truth 
Society. 


246  THE  FOETXIGHTLY  REVIEW  June  15 

The  Revolutionary  Movement,   Secret  Societies,   and  the 
Cult  of  Humanity 

By    Robert    R.    Hull,    Huntington,    Ind. 


A  well-known  London  publisher  said 
to  Mrs.  Nesta  H.  Webster,  the  author 
of  Secret  Societies  and  Subversive 
Movements:  "Remember  that  if  you 
take  an  anti-revolutionary  line  you  will 
have  the  whole  literary  world  against 
you."  The  reception  given,  in  this 
country  and  England,  to  her  monu- 
mental work  of  some  four  hundred 
pages,  bears  out  her  contention  that 
there  is  a  conspirac.y,  in  the  literary 
world,  to  deny  a  hearing  to  anyone 
who  protests  against  the  idolatrous 
worship  of  the  revolutionary  trinity, 
"Liberty,    Equality,   Fraternity." 

In  a  former  day  the  advocate  of  in- 
novation was  required  to  present  his 
arguments,  demonstrations,  and  proofs. 
To-day  the  innovator  has  the  field. 
There  is  a  presumption  in  his  favor. 
He,  v/ho  appears  as  a  champion  of  con- 
servatism,, morality,  and  Christianity, 
is  likely  to  find  the  cards  stacked 
against  him. 

Notwithstanding  her  critics  to  the 
contrary,  Mrs.  Webster  has  written 
three  books  which  should  find  a  place 
in  the  library  of  every  serious  student. 
Her  first  work,  The  French  Revolu- 
tion, was  followed  by  Secret  Societies 
and  Suhversive  Movements,  and,  later, 
by  World  Revolution.  She  has  done 
a  vast  amount  of  research  before  sitting 
doAvn  to  write.  Even  those  who  re- 
ject her  conclusions,  admit  this.  In 
the  preface  of  her  French  Revolution 
she  explains  that,  Avhile  both,  the 
modern  critic  and  public  "object  to 
notes  and  quotations  which  interrupt 
the  flow  of  the  narrative"  and  quo- 
tation marks  have  "gone  out  of  fa- 
shion," she  believes  her  theme  impor- 
tant enough  to  require  a  return  to  the 
old-fashioned  method.  She  says  (Pref- 
ace, p.  xi)  : 

"In  this  book,  however,  at  the  risk 
of  giving  its  pages  a  ponderous  ap- 
pearance, I  have  reverted  to  the  old- 
fashioned    system    of   notes,    since    my 


object  is  not  to  Aveave  fanciful  word 
pictures  around  the  great  scenes  of  the 
Revolution,  but  to  tell  as  clearlj^  and 
simplv  as  possible  what  really  happen- 
ed." ' 

AVhere  Secret  Societies  and  Subver- 
sive Movements  was  not  passed  over  in 
silence,  reviewers  seem  to  have  at- 
tempted deliberately  to  i^rejudice 
readers  in  advance.  The  review  of 
Mr.  Silas  Bent,  in  The  New  York  Times 
Book  Review  of  March  8,  1925,  is 
typical.  Mr.  Bent  begins:  "Mrs. 
Webster's  book  would  be  sensational  if 
it  v^ere  convincing."  This  review  is 
a  piece  of  misrepresentation  through- 
out its  entire  length.  Since  Mrs. 
Webster  praises  Fascismo,  "which  is 
a  secret  order,"  Mr.  Bent  says,  the 
writer  is  sure  that  she  would  also  en- 
dorse the  American  Ku  Klux  Klan. 
He  must  have  run  across  the  high 
praises  which  Mrs.  AVebster,  a  Prot- 
estant Britishwoman,  bestows  upon  the 
Catholic  Church.  Although  he  after- 
wards confesses  that  "Mrs.  Webster's 
\-olume  is  too  strongly  documented 
to  bei  laughed  away,"  he  treats  with 
a  very  ill-concealed  contempt  her  most 
valuable  treatment  of  Freemasonry  and 
categorically  denies  that  there  is  any 
connection  between  the  Grand  Orient 
of  Latin  countries  and  the  Illuminati, 
Templars,  Druses,  Essenes,  Rosicru- 
cians,  Satanists,  and  Assassins.  It  is 
very  obvious  where  the  shoe  pinches. 

Mrs.  Webster's  work  cannot  be 
vaved  aside  in  such  an  off-hand  man- 
ner. Bolshevism  is  in  full  control  of 
Russia.  It  dominates  our  neighbor  to 
the  south.  It  is  knocking  at  our  own 
doors.  There  is  a  growing  compla- 
cency toward  the  suggestion  of  Social- 
ism as  a  panacea  for  our  industrial  ills, 
and  the  daily  news  from  Europe  has 
made  the  name  "Socialist"  familiar. 
This,  in  itself,  is  a  danger.  Moreover, 
the  daily  press  of  our  own  country 
takes  little  pains  to  disguise  its  sym- 


1925 


THE  FORTXIGHTLY  REVIEW 


247 


path}''  for  revolutionists  or  to  avoid 
misrepresenting  and  even  insulting  the 
Catholic  Church,  when  reporting  oc- 
currences in  foreign  lands.  With  Pres- 
ident Calles  of  Mexico  represented  as 
a  noble  idealist,  Ex-Premier  Herriot 
praised  for  making  war  on  the  Church, 
and  the  Socialists  of  Czeeho-Slovakia 
held  up  as  evangelists  of  liberty,  what 
may  be  expected?  There  is  certainly 
cause  for  grave  concern  when  almost 
all  the  daily  papers  of  this  country 
depend  on  avowed  anti-clericals  in 
Latin  countries  to  interpret  the  Cath- 
olic Church  and  do  not  hesitate  to  pan- 
egyrize the  anarchists  who  are  trying 
to  subvert  all  order. 

The  foreword  of  the  publishers  of 
Secret  Societies  and  SHl}versive  Move- 
ments helps  one  to  obtain  in  advance 
a  conception  of  Mrs.  AVebster's  conclu- 
sions about  the  revolutionary  move- 
ment.    To  quote : 

"Mrs.  Webster,  whose  previous 
works  are  evidence  of  her  power  of 
original  thought  and  vigorous  writing, 
has  felt  impelled  by  the  recent  Russian 
Revolution,  to  go  back  bej'ond  modern 
history  and  trace  the  origin  of  the  Re- 
volutionary movement  from  its  begin- 
nings. Her  theory  is  that  neither  the 
French  Revolution  nor  the  Russian  Re- 
volution arose  merely  out  of  contem- 
porary thought  or  political  and  social 
conditions  of  the  time,  but  that  both  of 
these  explosions  were  produced  by  for- 
ces which  for  centuries  have  been  de- 
liberately gathering  strength  for  an  on- 
slaught on  Christianity  and  on  all  so- 
cial and  moral  order." 

As  the  author  remarks,  no  theory, 
save  the  Christian  explanation  that 
diabolical  forces  are  at  work,  can  ac- 
count for  the  phenomena  of  Revolu- 
tion. With  such  an  amount  of  evidence 
from  every  quarter  pointing  to  the  con- 
clusion that  revolutions  are  caused  by 
explosions  of  smoldering  Jacobin  re- 
sentment, it  is  futile  to  pretend:  that 
no  single  purpose  runs  through  the 
whole  of  revolutionary  history  since 
the  triumph  of  Christianity  in  the 
fourth  centmy. 

Among  the  forces,  which  have  sought 


to  overturn  the  Kingdom  of  God,  are 
the  heretical  "Christian"  sects,  most, 
if  not  all,  of  whichi  have  condemned 
the  Catholic  Church  as  an  apostate 
body  and  postponed  the  advent  of  the 
Kingdom  into  the  future.  Examples 
are  the  Paulicians,  the  Cathari,  the 
Bogomili,  and  Albigenses,  whose  turbid 
streams  were  tributary  to  the  common, 
central  sewer  of  Manieheism.  Mrs. 
Webster  makes  plain  the  connection  of 
all  these  sects,  and  of  the  Illuminati, 
with  the  ancient  Manicheans.  Her 
treatment  of  this  subject  is  arresting 
and  offers  an  unsurpassed  apologetic 
for  the  Church's  dealings  with  these 
heretical  anarchists. 

The  heretical  sects  have  all  had  a 
political  motive.  In  their  beginnings 
practically  all  of  them  proclaimed  mil- 
lenarianism  and  the  imminent  second 
advent  of  Christ.  By  the  postpone- 
ment of  the  heavenly  Kingdom  to  a 
future  millennial  reign,  revolt  was  in- 
cited against  the  Catholic  Church,  the 
authority  of  which  is  based  on  the  pre- 
mise that  the  Kingdom  now  is.  More- 
over, the  Anabaptist  Levellers  and 
Fifth  Monarchy  Men  did  not  hesitate 
to  help  along  the  induction  of  the 
"Kingdom,"  by  raising  "the  standard 
of  the  lion  of  the  tribe  of  Judah ' '  and 
attempting  actual  insurrection.  The 
people  have  been  troubled  periodically 
by  means  of  Adventist  scares  and  dire 
predictions  of  doom  to  the  whole  world. 
There  has  been  an  ulterior  motive  iu 
all  this.  Behind  the  pretense  of  re- 
storing "a  pure  gospel"  has  been  the 
desire  of  the  "concealed  superiors" 
(as  Mrs.  Webster  calls  them)  who  en- 
courage, if  they  do  not  subsidize,  the 
propaganda  of  revolt  with  the  purpose 
of  erecting  the  throne  of  Antichrist 
upon  the  ruins  of  Christian  civiliza- 
tion. 

The  Jesuits  alone  could  have  saved 
France  from  ruin,  Mrs.  AVebster  be- 
lieves. The  first  objective  of  the  Il- 
luminati was  to  get  rid  of  the  Jesuits. 
Attaining  this,  they  turned  on  the  an- 
cien  regime,  and  the  French  state  was 
helpless  before  their  onslaughts.  The 
anti-Catholic  factor  is  ever  present  in 


24S 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


June  15 


tlie  revolutidiiai'v  motive,  as  the  re- 
peated ii.se  of  stories  about  the  Mas- 
sacre of  St.  Bartliolomew's  Eve,  by 
revolutionists,  in  connection  with  the 
most  remote  issues,  witnesses.  The 
Grand  Orient  of  Latin  countries  has 
openly  declared  war  on  the  Catholic 
Church.  The  "No  Popery"  movement 
of  1780,  led  by  Lord  Georg'e  Gordon  in 
England,  was  supported  by  English 
Jacobins  and  instigated  l)y  their  II- 
luminati  brethren  on  the  continent. 

The  share  of  certain  Jewish  elements 
in  the  Revolutionary  movement  has  not 
been  negiigible.  However,  Mrs. 
Webster  distinguishes  between  the 
Sephardim  and  the  Ashkenazim  Jews. 
The  latter,  fdled  with  hatred  for  the 
Christian  religion,  perpetuating  an 
anti-Christian  tradition  in  a  secret 
Talmud,  have  been  ever  alert  to  take 
revenge  on  "the  son  of  Panclera  and 
the  courtesan  of  Galilee."  These  have 
handed  doAvn,  in  the  Sepher  Toldoth 
Jeschua,  an  account  of  Christ's  birth 
wliich  may  receive  the  approval  of  the 
Gentile  infidel,  but  is  at  variance  with 
the  gospel  and  an  insult  to  Christ. 
Certain  Jews  have  been  outstanding 
figures  in  the  propagation  of  Free- 
masonry. The  legend  of  "The  AYan- 
dering  Jew"  is  singularly  adaptable 
to  anti-Christian  purposes.  The  figure 
of  the  immortal  Israelite,  wliile  it  has 
intrigued  several  impostors  to  adopt 
the  role,  and,  moreover,  has  a  certain 
innocent  aspect,  has  lived  in  the  revolu- 
tionary tradition  as  a  precursor  of 
Antichrist,  who  is  awaited  by  the  sub- 
versive elements  of  society.  The  Jews 
have  repeatedly  followed  false  mes- 
siases  who  arose  to  deliver  them  from 
the  bondage  of  Gentile  rule;  and  there 
can  be  no  doubt,  according  to  Mrs. 
Webster's  way  of  thinking,  that  these 
expectations  have  contrilnited  to  the 
fomenting  of  the  revolutionary  animus. 

Yet,  together  with  an  intransigent 
Judaism,  even  paganism  and  Satanism 
have  lifted  their  heads  in  the  revolu- 
tionary ranks.  Before  the  climax  of 
1789,  France  was  filled  with  swarms  of 
magicians  and  occultists.  While  no 
doubt  many  of  them,   like   Cagliostro, 


were  impostors,  there  Avere  some  genu- 
ine Spiritistic  phenomena;  and  the  out- 
break of  this  weird  fanaticism  in  the 
eigliteenth  century  is  paralleled  only 
by  the  outbreak  of  Black  Magic  in  the 
fifteenth  centur}'.  The  Theosophi.sts 
were,  later,  organized  by  Madame 
Blavatsky ;  and  the  "Order' of  the  Star 
in  tlie  East,""  which  actually  an- 
nounces, with  undisguised  joy,  the  ad- 
A'ent  of  Antichrist,  came  into  being. 
The  Luciferians,  numbering  in  their 
company  many  of  the  elite  of  society, 
practice  their  infernal  and  immoral 
rites,  among  which  is  a  vile  profana- 
tion of  the  Holy  Eucharist,  which  they 
steal  from  the  churches  if  they  cannot 
get  it  consecrated  by  an  apostate  priest. 
The  high-priest  of  this  horrible  cult 
announced,  from  the  base  of  the  Liber- 
ty Statue  in  New  York  harbor,  his 
declaration  of  war  on  an  empire. 

Mrs.  AVebster's  treatment  of  Free- 
masonry is  somewhat  deficient.  She 
groups  the  whole  of  American  Free- 
masonry in  the  "innocuous"  class, 
alongside  British  Masonry,  which  ac- 
cepts a  Supreme  Being  and  con- 
fesses the  immortality  of  the  soul.  But, 
when  she  considers  the  Latin  Grand 
Orient,  she  is  not  hesitant ;  and  her 
indictment  stands  unrefuted.  The 
Knights  of  Kadosh  declare  war  on  all 
authority.  Church  or  State.  M.  Copin 
Albancelli,  a  French  freethinker,  after 
receiving  the  degree  of  Rose-Croix, 
seceded  from  Freemasonry  because  he 
had  found  it  a  sinister  organization  the 
programme  of  which  was  opposed  to 
the  welfare  of  his  country.  He  was 
introduced  to  a  mysterious  "associa- 
tion concealed  within  Masonry, ' '  an  in- 
ternational body  composed  of  no  more 
than  one  thousand  men  which  boasted 
that  it  held  the  fate  of  all  Europe  with- 
in the  hollow  of  its  hand.  Ferrer,  the 
Spanish  anarchist,  received  world-wide 
applause  and  assistance  in  his  attempt 
to  overthrow  the  Spanish  government, 
because  of  his  Masonic  connections.  The 
Freemasons  are,  to-day,  in  control  of 
Portugal,  although  they  are  a  very 
small  minority  of  the  population.  But 
the}'    can    do   what   thej'   will   because 


.   J 


1925 


THE  FOETXIGHTLY  REVIEW 


249 


they  are  thoroughly  organized.  They 
have  even  had  the  audacity  to  place 
the  Square  and  Compass  on  the  na- 
tion's currency. 

(To  be  concluded) 


Compliments    and    Criticisms 

By  P.  II.  Callahan 

Editors,  more  than  spasmodic  writers 
like  myself,  know  from  experience  that 
those  who  disagree  are  more  prone  to 
write  and  criticize  than  those  who 
agree  with  us.  It  is  quite  natural  for 
the  reader  in  full  sympathy  with  the 
writer  to  feel  that  there  is  nothing  es- 
pecial to  be  said,  and  with  the  enjoy- 
ment of  having  one's  own  opinions 
stated  by  another  the  incident  is  closed. 
Not  so,  however,  with  the  critic,  for 
there  is  no  such  enjoyment  for  the  ob- 
jector, and  the  incident  to  his  way  of 
thinking  is  far  from  lacing  closed. 

One  of  my  friends  editing  a  Catholic 
publication,  who  has  written  courage- 
ously in  his  day,  expressed  the  hope  to 
me  some  j^ears  ago  that  he  might  live 
beyond  the  allotted  three-score-and-ten, 
hoping  thereby  that  sometime  some 
clergyman  whose  battles  he  had  been 
fighting  would  write  and  congratulate 
him  over  some  weekly  contribution : 
but  the  clergy  are  as  a  rule  too  busy 
to  do  writing,  and  he  tel's  me  the  brick- 
bats are  still  having  things  their  own 
way,  and  like  the  girl  of  long  ago,  he  i-; 
still  "w^aiting  for  the  letter  that  never 
came." 

It  was  surprising  to  me,  therefore, 
in  connection  with  my  recent  article, 
"The  Spirit  of  St.  Paul",  in  the  Fort- 
nightly Review,  Vol.  XXXII,  X'^o.  7, 
which  embodied  largely  the  views  of 
Dr.  Denis  McCarthy  and  some  of  liis 
correspondence,  to  have  a  new  exper- 
ience, to  wit :  Not  a  single  criticism 
came  from  anjnvhere,  luit  more  writ- 
ten compliments  than  anything  from 
my  pen  had  elicited  in  a  long 
while.  Furthermore,  as  we  always  like 
to  say  when  people  agree  with  us,  they 
came  from  "people  who  really  know." 
Then,  again,  the  article  was  controver- 
sial as  to  procedure,  involving  the  soft- 


answer  versus  the  swatting-process.  It 
was  thought  that  many  would  arise 
forthwith  to  challenge  Denis  and  my- 
self and  say,  "You  shall  not  make  a 
pussy-footer  out  of  St.  Paul,"  and  then 
proceed  to  show  he  was  the  original 
steam-roller  instead. 

Herewith  are  a  few  of  the  letters  re- 
ceived in  connection  with  that  article : 


TUTTLE  PAIXT  &  GLASS  COMPANY 
El  Paso,  Texas. 
My  Dear  Mr.  Callahan: 

I  am  pieased  to  receive  the  April  Copy 
' '  Spirit  of  St.  Paul ' '  of  the  Fortnightly 
Eeview  and  was  particularly  interested  in 
your  article.  I  heartily  endorse  the  senti- 
ments expressed  in  this  article  and  think  it 
would  be  much  better  for  all  concerned,  par- 
ticularly some  of  our  own  people,  should 
they  adopt  the  sentiments  therein  expressed 
by  you. 

With  kindest  regards  and  best  wishes,  I 
remain 

Yours  very  truly, 

Edward  F.  Byrne,  President. 

[Mr.  Byrne  is  president  of  the  largest 
company  of  that  line  along  the  whole  Mexican 
border,  clear  through  to  Los  Angeles.] 


THE  CAEDIXAL  GIBBONS  INSTITUTE 
Ridge,  St.  Mary 's  County 
Maryland 
Dear  Colonel  Callahan: 

I  have  just  received  a  copy  of  the  April 
Fortnightly  Review  witli  your  article,  "The 
Spirit  of  St.  Paul. "  It  is  excellent.  I  am 
very  glad  to  see  it  in  print.  The  editorial 
which  Mr.  McCarthy  criticizes  is  very  com- 
mon, particularly  witli  certain  writers,  both 
clerical  and  lay.  During  the  two  years  that 
I  served  as  Director  of  the  Bureau  of  Edu- 
cation of  the  National  Catholic  Welfare  Con- 
ference, I  folloAved  very  closely  the  current 
articles  on  education  appearing  in  Catholic 
publications  of  all  sorts  and  in  circulars  is- 
sued by  various  Catholic  organizations.  At 
the  same  time,  I  was  in  close  contact  \vith  a 
considerable  number  of  non-Catholic  friends 
whose  business  it  was  to  follow  all  articles 
on  .education.  They  were  familiar  with  the 
articles  on  education  published  by  Catholic 
publications  as  well  as  others,  and  they  did 
not  hesitate  to  give  me  their  viewpoint  on 
them.  These  articles,  constantly  criticizing 
all  schools  but  our  own,  and  particularly 
criticizing  public  schools,  are  undoubtedly 
the  cause  of  much  of  the  religious  prejudice- 

I  really  believe  that  it  would  be  much  bet- 
ter all  around  if  such  criticism  were  omitted. 
My    feeble    protests,    however,    seem    to    have 


^50 


THE  FOKTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


June  15 


made  no  impression.  It  will  take  an  ediu-a- 
tional  2ii'0g'i''i"i"H'  bigger  tlian  one  can  put 
over  alone. 

Very  sincerely, 
A.  C.  Monaliau,  Secretary. 
[Mr.  Monahan  for  many  years  was  connect- 
ed with  the  education  work  of  the  government 
and  located   ii\   Washington   before   going   to 
the  N.  C.  W.  C] 


Dear  Colonel  Callahan: 

Please  accept  my  sincere  thanks  for  the 
April,  No.  7,  Fortnightly  Keview,  with  your 
excellent  article,  "Spirit  of  St.  Paul."  It 
is  high  time,  amidst  the  outcry  against  anti- 
Catholic  bigotry,  that  someone  raises  a  voice 
against  anti-Protestant  bigotry.  We  have  our 
share  of  the  brand  in  our  midst. 

Best  wishes  to  you. 

Cordially 


[The  Eeverend  Father  who  sent  me  the 
above  holds  a  prominent  position  on  the  fac- 
ulty of  a  leading  Catholic  university  and  for 
this  reason  prefers  to  withhold  his  name.] 

It  is  not  however  as  compliments  that 
a  few  of  these  letters  are  selected,  but 
to  shoAV  that  many  thinking  and 
thoughtful  Catholics  feel  that  we 
should  not  neglect  our  own  camp.  If 
we  are  to  preach  and  to  develop  toler- 
ance among  others,  we  must  realize 
that  nothing  begets  it  like  tolerance 
among  ourselves.  Or,  as  the  most  suc- 
cessful solicitor  of  w^elf are  funds  in  the 
country  always  remarks  to  his  well-to^ 
do  leaders,- — who  might  expect  their 
standing  and  activities  to  be  their  con- 
tribution,— when  going  out  on  a  drive 
or  campaign:  "Be  sure  and  remem- 
ber the  Greek  proverb,  'If  you  expect 
others  to  weep,  you  must  first  weep 
yourself.'  " 


American    Catholics    and    the   World 
Peace  Movement 

The  Rev.  Dr.  John  A.  Ryan  con- 
tributes to  the  current  Salesianum  (St. 
Francis,  Wis.,  Vol.  XX,  No.  2)  a  stir- 
ring article  on  "American  Catholics 
and  the  World  Peace  Movement. ' '  He 
justly  chides  the  Catholics  of  this  coun- 
try for  their  apathy  towards  a  move- 
ment so  thoroughly  Catholic  in  spirit 
and  tendency  and  so  strongly  urged  by 
Benedict  XV  and  Pius  XI. 

"It  is  undoubtedly  true,"  he  says, 
"that  the  various  nations  and  states 


Avill  not  be  able  to  maintain  peace,  nor 
to  establish  it  on  a  solid  foundation,  un- 
less they  are  moved  by  the  principles 
of  Christian  charity.  But  it  is  no  less 
true  that  these  principles  will  not 
operate  automatically  .  .  .  They  will  not 
insure  peace  unless  they  are  given  spe- 
cific application  to  the  actual  conditions 
and  relations  of  the  yarious  states. 
Even  the  application  of  the  principles 
of  international  charity  must  be  some- 
thing more  than  an  academic  per- 
formance if  it  is  to  prevent  war  and 
guarantee  peace.  The  principles  of 
charity  must  be  translated  into  specific 
methods  and  instruments  .... 

"The  political  aspect  of  the  problem 
has  seemed  to  many  Catholics  to  pro- 
vide sufficient  reason  for  their  inactiv- 
ity in  the  cause  of  international  peace  .  . 
.  .  The  excuse  is  not  a  sound  one.  There 
are  many  ways  along  which  Catholics 
can  move  for  the  promotion  of  inter- 
national peace  besides  those  that  have 
become  the  subject  of  partisan  political 
discussion.  They  can  think  about  peace 
and  acquire  a  right  attitude  of  mind. 
One  of  the  main  causes  of  war  has  al- 
ways been  the  lazy  assumption  that 
war  is  inevitable ;  that  wars  will  recur 
as  long  as  men  are  men.  Owing  to  the 
too  easy  acceptance  of  this  theory,  Cath- 
olics, as  well  as  other  persons,  have 
readily  permitted  themselves  to  con- 
clude that  the  attempt  to  render  war 
remote  is  hopeless,  or  at  any  rate,  not 
worth  while.  The  fundamental  need 
to-day  in  most  of  our  people  is  a  critical 
examination  of  this  paralyzing  assump- 
tion. They  should  ask  themselves 
w^hether  the  assumption  is  really  true; 
or  whether,  even  if  it  be  true,  it  auto- 
matically relieves  them  of  the  obligation 
of  seeking  to  make  war  remote.  After 
all,  that  is  the  practical  aspect  of  the 
question.  Whether  war  can  be  entirely 
abolished  for  all  future  time,  no  one 
knows ;  whether  the  next  war  can  be 
relegated  to  an  indefinitely  distant  fu- 
ture is  a  question  to  which  an  affir- 
mative answer  is  at  least  probable  .... 
The  main  determining  factor  is  human 
faith,  the  rig-ht  attitude  of  mind.  Cath- 
olics can  acquire  this  attitude  if  they 
wdll  but  studv  the  question,  forgetting 


1925 


THE  rOBTXIGHTLY  REVIEW 


251 


for  the  moment  the  political  issues  in- 
volved in  particular  methods." 

Dr.  Ryan  holds  that  the  outlawry  of 
Avar  is  in  exact  accord  with  Catholic 
teaehing'  and  says:  "No  Catholic  can 
be  indifferent  to  it  on  the  ground  that 
it  is  political,  any  more  than  he  could 
be  indifferent  to  the  threatened  enact- 
ment of  a  TaAv  to  enforce  the  practice 
of  birth  control." 


Opportunity  in  America 

[We  reproduce  this  article  from  the 
May  14th  issue  of  the  Journal  of  Edu- 
cation, not  because  Ave  are  in  full  sym- 
pathy with  the  theory  suggested  by 
the  headline, — for  in  our  opinion  the 
capitalistic  system  continues,  and  in- 
creasingly so,  to  get  the  lion's  share, — 
but  rather  to  carry  the  ncAvs  of  another 
honor  bestowed  on  our  esteemed  con- 
tributor, Dr.  Denis  A.  McCarthy,  of 
Boston.  The  educational  record  of  Dr. 
Norbert  Wiener,  that  Avell-known  prod- 
igy of  learning,  may  also  prove  interest- 
ing to  many  of  our  readers. — Ed.] 

In  September,  1906,  the  son  of  a 
Harvard  professor  Avas  Avell  prepared 
for  college  at  the  age  of  eleven  and  one 
half  3'ears.  His  extraordinary  acquire- 
ments Avere  due  to  his  rare  native  abil- 
ity and  to  the  exceptional  training 
given  him  by  his  father.  It  Avas  Avisely 
decided  that  he  should  go  to  Tufts  Col- 
lege, Avhere  he  Avould  have  more  direct 
and  sympathetic  oversight  by  profes- 
sors than  in  the  great  University  at 
Cambridge.  Three  years  later  he  Avas 
graduated  with  the  degree  of  A.  B. 

After  testing  his  poAver  by  two  more 
years  of  college  Avork  in  widely  diver- 
gent fields — one  year  at  Harvard  in 
zoology  and  one  at  Cornell  in  philoso- 
phy— he  Avas  enrolled  in  the  Harvard 
Graduate  School,  AAdiere  he  earned  Avith 
distinction  the  degrees :  A.  M.  in  1912 
and  Ph.  D.  in  1913,  his  special  field  be- 
ing mathematical  logic. 

Nearly  tAvo  more  years  of  study,  on 
fellowships  from  Harvard,  at  the  Uni- 
versities of  Cambridge  and  Goettingen, 
where  he  came  under  the  influence  of 
several  of  the  most  distinguished  ma- 
thematicians of  England  and  Ger- 
many; some  special  Avork  at  Columbia 


UniA'ersity;  a  year  as  instructor  in 
mathematics  at  the  University  of 
Maine ;  someAvhat  more  than  a  year  in 
the  serAdce  of  the  United  States,  de- 
voted mainly  to  range  table  Avork  on 
the  proving  grounds,  and  some  experi- 
ence as  a  Avriter  for  the  Boston  Herald 
completed  the  equipment  Avhich  Dr. 
Norhert  ^yiener  brought  to  the  Massa- 
chusetts Institute  of  Technology  Avhen 
in  1919  he  first  became  a  member  of 
the  teaching  staff  of  the  department  of 
mathematics.  As  assistant  professor, 
he  noAv  devotes  about  half  of  his  time 
to  teaching  and  the  rest  to  pure  mathe- 
matical research.  His  career  exhibits 
file  opjiortunities  Avhich  America  offers 
to  a  gifted  man  through  its  institutions 
of  higher  learning.  His  distinguished 
success  as  a  student  Avill  inspire  the 
young  men  Avho  meet  him  in  the  class- 
room, and  his  profound  scholarship 
bids  fair  to  yield  important'  contribu- 
tions in  the  field  of  mathematical  re- 
search. 

At  the  head  of  the  line  of  candidates 
for  initiation  to  the  Delta  Chapter  of 
Massachusetts,  Phi  Beta  Kappa,  Tufts 
College,  a  fcAv  months  ago,  by  the  side 
of  this  distinguished  scholar,  stood  a 
man  Avho  came  to  Boston  in  1886,  at 
the  age  of  fifteen,  with  no  trade,  with 
very  little  money,  and  with  no  acquired 
equipment  for  scholarly  endeavor  ex- 
cept some  training  received  in  the 
Christian  Brother 's  school  in  his  native 
tOAvn  of  Carrick,  Tipperary  County, 
Ireland.  He  had,  hoAA^ever,  ambition, 
vision,  unfailing  courage,  abiding'  good 
Avill  and  splendid  idealism. 

By  accepting  humble  Avork  cheerfully 
and  performing  it  faithfully  he  soon 
got  a  foothold,  but  his  material  prog- 
ress Avas  sloAV  and  the  hardships  Avhich 
he  met  bravely  Avould  have  crushed 
the  spirit  of  many  a  man.  The  public 
library,  Avith  its  comfortable  reading 
room  and  untold  Avealth  of  books,  was 
his  chief  resort.  Through  an  enormous 
amount  of  miscellaneous  reading  he  ac- 
quired the  trained  intelligence  and  ap- 
preciation of  good  AA'riting  that  revealed 
his  native  gifts  and  made  possible  a 
literary  career.  Association  Avith  ap- 
preciatiA'e  men  and  Avomen  in  the  liter- 


TIIK  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


June  15 


ary  eluljs  of  IJostou  ^'ave  the  courage 
and  inspiration  that  stiinnlatcMl  pro- 
gressive aehievenient. 

Constantly  iiuproviii<i'  work  as  man- 
aging editor  of  the  Sacred  Heart  Re- 
view, 1900-1916;  authorship  of  four 
volumes  of  lyries  notable  for  their  ex- 
alted sentiments  and  metrical  perfec- 
tion ;  distinguished  success  as  a  Chau- 
tauqua lecturer  and  reader  of  his  oavu 
l>oems;  remarkably  heli)ful  service  in 
the  war  activities  of  the  Knights  of  Co- 
lumbus at  Washington:  and  highly 
creditable  performance  of  exacting  du- 
ties on  the  editorial  staff  of  a  great  pul)- 
lishing  house,  fully  justified  Boston 
College  [Jesuit]  in  conferring  the  de- 
gree of  LL.  D.  upon  Denis  A.  McCartliy 
in  1922,  and  Tufts  College  in  welcom- 
ing him  to  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Society 
in  1924.  Seldom  has  a  writer  received 
a  more  gratifying  endorsement  than 
was  given  by  a  distinguished  audience 
to  Dr.  McCarthy's  work  as  poet  at  the 
annual  meeting  of  the  Tufts  Chapter, 
in  May,  1924. 

Dr.  Wiener  and  Dr.  3,IcCai-11iy  are 
notable  examples  of  two  tyi)es  of  men 
that  American  institutions  and  Ameri- 
can opportunities  are  adapted  to  de- 
velop. Dr.  AViener  advances  the  fron- 
tier of  human  knowledge  by  a  form 
of  logical  reasoning  that  can  be  ex- 
[u-essed  only  by  symbols  that  none  but 
accomplished  mathematicians  can  un- 
derstand. Dr.  McCarthy  interin-ets 
American  ideals  to  those  Avho  seek  our 
shores  from  other  lands,  dissijiates  ra- 
cial and  religious  prejudice,  and  ex- 
tends the  realm  of  human  brotherhood 
by  his  admirable  spirit  and  inspiring 
expression  of  sentiments  to  which  the 
great  heart  of  humanity  loves  to  re- 
spond. No  contributions  to  Amei-ican 
letters  have  had  a  more  far-reachinu' 
and  beneficent,  influence  than  "The 
Song  to  the  Flag''  and  "The  Laiul 
Where  Hate  Should  Die." 


THE  SAMSON    MORN 

By    Charlet^    J.    Qiiirl'.    S.    ./. 

Within  the  templed  darkness  of  the  Night, 
The   Samson   Morn  is  held  in  duress  dire; 

Yet  shall  he  break  his  bondage,  and  by  might 
His  prison  make  his  triumphal  funeral  pyre. 


General  Nelson  A.  Miles 

"The  late  Gen.  Nelson  Miles  was  so  in- 
discreet as  to  accept  the  national  presidency 
of  the  Guardians  of  Liberty  when  that  or- 
ganization was  pestilential  (1910-1.5).  We 
do  not  recollect,  however,  that  the  General 
made  any  intolerant  speeches.  He  was  just 
a  figurehead.  His  wife  was  a  cousin  of  Rev. 
Father  Sherman,  S.  J."  (Catholic  Citizen, 
Vol.  55,  No.  27). 

General  Miles  was  particularly  ac- 
tive in  the  1914-1916  anti-Catholic 
movement  and  his  standing  as  a  na- 
tional figure  prior  to  that  time  gave 
a  prestige  to  this  movement  that  it  did 
not  possess  before.  He  was  elected  and 
acted  in  1916  as  president  of  a  so-called 
National  Patriotic  Association  which 
included  all  societies  with  anti-Catho- 
lic prejudice.  He  presided  at  the  first 
meeting  in  Minneapolis,  1915,  when  his 
address  created  considerable  interest 
and  was  carried  extensively  by  all 
newspapers,  but  at  the  second  and  last 
meeting,  the  following  year  at  Dayton, 
Ohio,  the  usual  reaction  had  occurred 
and  neither  his  address  nor  the  pro- 
gramme of  the  Association  created 
much  of  a  stir  and  received  even  less 
notice  from  the  press.  Very  soon  af- 
terwards my  interviews  with  the  Gen- 
eral, arranged  by  the  late  Henry  Wat- 
terson,  took  plate,  and  it  was  clearly 
a])iia.rent  to  me  at  the  time,  although 
not  admitted  by  him,  that  he  was  sick  of 
the  whole  mess.  He  made  but  little 
effort  during  our  discussion  to  main- 
tain the  anti-Catholic  opinions  for- 
merly advanced  by  him. 

The  newspapers  have  been  uniformly 
kind  to  his  memory,  including  our  own 
Catholic  papers,  which  is  but  proper, 
for  he  had  refrained  in  the  last  few 
years  from  giving  any  encouragement 
to  anti-C*atholie"  programmes  or  move- 
ments. 

The  Ku  Klux  Klan  was  never  able 
to  attract  to  leadership  anyone  at  all 
comj^arable  to  General  Miles;  else  it 
would  have  been  much  more  formid- 
able. 

P.  H.  Callahan. 


Conscious  opulence  is  sometimes  the 
cause  of  unconscious  insolence. 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


253 


Notes  and  Gleanings 

In  view  of  St.  Teresa  of  Lisieiix's 
])romise  to  "let  fall  a  shoAver  of  roses" 
after  her  death  an  incident  which  hap- 
pened at  her  canonization  is  singularly 
significant.  "For  no  apparent  rea- 
son,"  says  a  correspondent  of  the  Lon- 
don Universe,  "some  roses  from  the 
decorations  high  up  above  the  papal 
throne  became  dislodged  and  fluttered 
down  to  the  feet  of  His  Holiness. ' '  The 
incident  was  widely  remarked  and  com- 
mented upon  the  next  day  in  the  Osser- 
vafore  Romano. 


The  Ave  Maria  (May  16)  thinks  that 
Mr.  J.  H.  Meier's  estimate  of  the  Ca- 
tholic population  of  the  I'.  S.  (exclud- 
ing our  island  possessions)  at  20,738,- 
447,  though  2,000,000  in  excess  of  the 
figures  furnished  by  the  Official  Catho- 
lic Directory,  is  correct  because  Mr. 
Meier  is  an  expert  in  Catholic  statis- 
tics and  has  taken  into  consideration 
the  floating  population  and  tite  non- 
registered  membership.  Some  who 
have  made  a  study  of  our  "leakage" 
suspect  that  the  difference  between  the 
number  of  real  and  "ought-to-l^e"  Ca- 
tholics is  far  larger  than  either  the  Ca- 
tholic Directory  or  Mr.  Meier  is  willing 
to  admit  and  the  actual  number  of 
practical  Catholics  in  the  continental 
V.  S.  consequentlv  is  nearer  15,000,000 
than  20,000,000.  '  But  there  is  no  use 
in  debating  on  conjectures.  The  ques- 
tion will  never  be  settled  until  we  get 
a  reliable  census  of  the  Catholic  pop- 
ulation, taken  up  in  accordance  witli 
the  most  approved  rules  of  modern  sta- 
tistical science. 


We  are  very  glad  to  observe  in 
a  recent  issue  of  the  Boston  Herald 
the  following  in  connection  with  the 
celebration  of  Good  Will  Day  (May 
18th)  :  "It  is  a  day  on  which 
young  folks  should  recite  Denis  Mc- 
Carthy's 'This  is  the  land  where  hate 
should  die.'  "  It  is  significant  that 
this  note  is  included  in  a  pro- 
nouncement prepared  by  and  over  the 
signature  of  the  "Greater  Boston  Fed- 
eration of  Churches,"  appearing  as  an 
insert  on  the  editorial  page.    The  poem 


referred  to  appears  in  Volume  IV  of 
McCarthy's  "Heart  Songs  and  Home 
Songs''  (Little,  Brown  &  Co.,  Boston), 
and  is  the  basis  of  the  author's  famous 
Lyceum  and  Chautauqua  address  on 
the  same  subject. 


The  Catholic  Aveeklies  have  all  print- 
ed the  decision  of  the  U.  S.  Supreme 
Court  in  the  Oregon  school  case,  which 
declares  that  much  discussed  measure 
to  be  unconstitutional  because  it  "in- 
terferes unlawfully  with  the  right  of 
parents  to  regulate  the  education  of 
their  children.''  The  Court  says  that 
"the  child  is  not  a  mere  creature  of 
the  State,"  and  this  golden  dictum, 
based  on  common  sense  and  sound 
philosophy,  should  stand  as  a  bar  to  fu- 
ture attempts  against  the  liberties  of 
parents  and  children  with  regard  to 
education  and  general  care.  The  need  of 
haviiig  some  federal  tribunal  to  main- 
tain the  rights  of  the  citizen  against 
the  usurpations  of  local  legislatures  has 
never  been  more  evident  than  in  this 
Oregon  case.  Foriunately,  the  deci- 
sion of  the  Supreme  Court  is  unani- 
mous, so  that  there  will  be  no  recrim- 
inations. 


Ford's  Dearborn  Independent  has 
changed  its  dress  but  not  its  principles. 
Its  present  style  for  modern  tj'pog- 
raphy,  convenient  size,  as  well  as  more 
important  attractions,  will,  we  are 
sure,  commend  it  to  its  many  sub- 
scribers. The  career  of  the  Dearborn 
Independent  (est.  in  1919)  has  not  been 
one  of  tranquil  ease.  It  tries  to  "chron- 
icle the  neglected  truth  against  all  the 
force  that  organized  alien  power  and 
prejudice  can  mass  against  it."  Though 
we  are  not  able  to  approve  of  its  vio- 
lent anti-Semitism,  we  have  found  it 
on  the  whole  a  trustAvorthy  journal  that 
tries  honestly  to  serve  the  people,  and 
of  that  class  of  journals  Ave  have  so 
few  that  Ave  deem  it  a  duty  to  call  the 
attention  of  our  readers  to  the  Dear- 
horn  Independent  (Dearborn,  Mich.) 

We  notice  the  Jesuit  America  recom- 
mending, in  its  advertising  columns, 
the  Grolier  Society's  "Book  of  Kuoaa'I- 


254 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


June  15 


edge,"  against  wliich  just  complaint 
was  raised  in  the  F.  R.  not  long  ago. 
Father  John  J.WA^nne,  S.  J.,  wrote  to 
us  in  January,  1924  (cfr.  F.  R.,  Vol. 
XXXI,  No.  1,  p.  15)  :  "Yon  are  right 
in  your  strictures  on  the  Book  of 
Knowledge,"  and  emphasized  the  ur- 
gent need  of  Catholic  works  of  refer- 
ence for  Catholic  children  as  well  as 
adults,  since  books  compiled  by  materi- 
alists, rationalists,  and  sceptics  can 
never  be  made  entirely  acceptable  to 
Catholics,  no  matter  wdio  undertakes 
the  job  of  revision  and  how  hard  he 
may  labor  at  it.  We  trust  the  Catholic 
public  will  not  be  misled  in  this  im- 
portant matter,  but  insist  on  having  a 
Catholic  Book  of  Knowledge  for  our 
younger  generation, — a  junior  Catholic 
Encyclopedia,  as  it  were. 

The  latest  newspaper  to  fall  a  prey 
to  the  consolidation  tendenc.v  is  the 
Philadelphia  North  American,  of  "Bull 
Moose"  fame,  which  has  been  absorbed 
by  the  Puhlic  Leclg\er.  It  is  a  curious 
fact  that  the  steady  reduction  in  the 
number  of  newspapers  worthy  of  the 
name  is  going  on  simultaneously  with 
the  multiplication  of  schools  of  journal- 
ism. Training  young  men  and  women 
in  increasing  numbers  to  follow  a  pro- 
fession in  which  opportunities  are  grow- 
ing more  and  more  limited,  seems  poor 
economics.  Perhaps  that  is  the  reason 
why  one  director  of  such  a  school  re- 
cently complained  through  the  Chr.  Sc. 
Monitor  that  most  of  his  students  were 
fitting  themselves  not  for  journalism 
but  to  become  publicity  experts. 

The  May  issue  of  the  Caecilia,  edited 
by  Mr.  Otto  Singenberger,  of  Milwau- 
kee, a  worthy  son  of  his  father,  the  late 
Chevalier  John  Singenberger,  contains 
a  paper  on  the  Responses  at  High  Mass 
by  the  Benedictine  Fathers  of  Concep- 
tion Abbey,  Mo.,  the  fifth  of  a  series  of 
Lessons  in  Gregorian  Chant  by  the  re- 
nowned Father  Gregory  Hiigle,  0.  S. 
B.,  and  the  continuation  of  a  study  on 
"The  Organ,  Organ  Music,  and  the 
Organist,"  by  the  Rev.  Louis  Bouvil- 
liers,  0.  S.  B.  It  is  encouraging  to  see 
the  Order  of  St.  Benedict  taking  such 
an  active  interest  in  the  efforts  of  Mr. 


Singenberger  for  the  reform  of  church 
music.  The  Caecilia,  hj  the  way,  also 
has  a  regular  department  for  "School 
Music,"  which  promises  to  be  of  great 
help  to  teachers.  We  recommend  this 
excellent  monthly  magazine,  devoted 
entirely  to  Catholic  church  and  school 
music,  to  all  our  readers. 

"This  man,"  says  George  Ade,  in 
describing  the  "jiner,"  "was  the  G. 
K.  of  one  benevolent  order  and  the 
worshipful  high  guy  of  something  else, 
and  the  senior  warden  of  the  Sons  of 
Patoosh."  He  took  himself  and  his  rit- 
ual too  seriously  :  ' '  He  believed  that 
anything  done  in  a  secretive  and  mys- 
terious manner  thereby  became  import- 
ant. It  made  him  happy  to  know  that 
he  Avas  the  custodian  of  inside  stuff, 
which  would  never  be  divulged  to  one 
who  had  not  taken  the  oath."  Once  in 
a  while  you  meet  this  sort  of  man 
among  officials  of  the  K.  of  C.  He 
seems  to  hold  that  the  Order  should 
be  as  immune  from  criticism  as  the 
Sacred  College  at  Rome.  But,  if  we 
may  believe  the  Catholic  Citizen  (Vol. 
IV,'  No.  25),  "the  better  type  K.  C. 
rather  welcomes  criticism." 


We  regret  to  announce  the  death, 
at  Valkenburg,  Holland,  of  Father 
Christian  Pesch,  S.  J.,  the  famous  dog- 
matician,  whose  "Praelectiones  Dog- 
maticae"  and  the  four-volume  Com- 
pendium thereof  have  passed  through 
many  editions.  Fr.  Pesch  was  born  at 
Miihlheim  on  the  Ruhr,  in  1853,  en- 
tered the  Society  of  Jesus  in  1869,  was 
ordained  to  the  priesthood  in  1884  and 
taught  dogmatic  theology  uninterrupt- 
edly until  1909.  His  principal  works 
are  written  in  Latin. 


"The  Ways  of  God,"  translated 
from  the  French  of  Mme.  H.  Mink- 
Jullien  by  M.  D.  M.  Goldschild,  is  the 
story  of  a  strange  conversion.  Mme. 
Mink-Jullien  was  brought  up  as  an 
atheist  and  became  the  wife  of  a  free- 
thinking  Socialist,  with  whom,  after 
his  death,  she  was  persuaded  to  seek 
communication  by  Spiritistic  practices. 
Concurrently  with  these  practices,  but 
seemingly    independent    of    them,    she 


1925 


THE  FOKTNIGHTLY  EKVIEW 


received  iuAvard  illuminations  which 
gave  her  a  knowledge  of,  and  belief  in, 
all  the  dogmas  of  the  Church  except 
that  of  hell.  After  much  mental  strug- 
gling she  sought  instruction  from  a 
priest  and  at  length,  with  her  four  sur- 
viving children,  was  received  into  the 
Church.  Canon  Maugis,  to  whom  Mme. 
Mink-Jullien  went  for  instruction, 
guarantees  her  honesty  and  good  faith, 
and  assures  us  in  a  short  introduction 
that  she  is  still,  after  many  years, 
living  happily  as  a  fervent  Catholic. 
The  Rev.  T.  Mainage,  0.  P.,  in  an  in- 
teresting preface  discusses  some  of  the 
theological  problems  raised  by  this  ex- 
traordinary   story.      (Benziger   Bros.) 

The  recent  beatification  of  Yen. 
Vincenzo  Maria  Strambi,  who  was 
Bishop  of  Macerata  and  Tolentino 
(Ital}')  a  little  over  a  century  ago,  in 
the  words  of  Pope  Pius  XI,  "is  a  re- 
minder of  the  excellence  of  the  epis- 
copal ministry  at  a  moment  when  this 
ministry  becomes  ever  more  difficult 
and  more  important."  Bl.  Strambi 
was  a  Passionist  and  the  friend  and 
biographer  of  St.  Paul  of  the  Cross, 
founder  of  the  Congregation,  who  died 
in  1775.  AVhen  Leo  XII  was  at  death's 
door,  in  1823,  Bishop  Strambi  was  sent 
for,  at  the  Pope's  request.  He  came 
immediately,  saw  the  Pope,  and  as- 
sured him  of  his  recover}^,  as  he  (the 
Bishop)  had  offered  up  to  Heaven  his 
own  valueless  life  in  exchange  for  one 
so  precious.  Ven.  Strambi  died  the 
next  day,  and  the  Pontiff  rose  like  one 
from  the  grave. 

A  violin  is  useless  until  the  strings 
are  tightened.  Many  a  man's  life  is 
useless  until  it  is  tightened  by  the 
thought  of  the  judgment. 

Spirituality  consists  in  doing  the 
will  of  God.  Each  hour  brings  a  duty 
to  be  done  with  fidelity.  Attention  to 
this  made  saints,  and  makes  saints  still. 


Correspondence 


K,    K.    K.    Tactics 

To    the    Editor:  — 

It  seems  to  me,  drawing  deductions  from 
the  limited  scope  of  view  at  my  command  here 
in  California,  that  the  K.  K.  K.  is  working 
according  to  a  well-planned  system.  They 
choose  the  points  of  least  resistance,  i.  e., 
where  the  Catholic  Church  offers  no  or  but 
little  resistance  to  them.  They  concentrate 
their  efforts  on  such  places  where  the  clergy 
can  not  or  will  not  oppose  them.  This  does 
not  imply  that  the  priest's  character  is  open 
to  suspicion,  but  only  that  conditions  are  very 
unfavorable,  so  that  the  priest  can  not  or  will 
not  take  a  stand  against  the  Klan.  Let  me 
illustrate:  in  one  place  where  the  Klan  is 
working  very  hard,  the  priest  is  in  this  coun- 
try over  fortj^  years,  but  is  not  an  American 
citizen;  in  another  place,  the  priest  got  into 
some  unpleasant  court  entanglements;  at  still 
another  place,  the  priest  takes  absolutely  no 
interest  in  matters  outside  of  his  church  work ; 
he  scarcely  ever  attends  the  meetings  of  even 
Catholic  societies;  at  yet  another  place,  the 
priest  is  a  fine  man,  but  an  irredeemable 
foreigner.  In  some  of  these  places  the  lay 
people  would  act  and  take  a  firm  stand,  but 
they  are  looking  for  leadership  to  the  priests, 
not  realizing  the  handicap  these  clergymen 
are  under.  In  another  place  dances  are  given 
on  Sundays,  under  parish  auspices,  to  raise 
funds  for  the  parish.  Now  all  these  different 
conditions  pave  a  fine  opening  for  the  Klan 
to  do  its  work,  and  you  may  rest  assured  they 
do  not  neglect  to  make  use  of  their  oppor- 
tunities. F.   B. 


The  Catholic  Church  is  never  so 
weak  as  when  its  members  live  in  the 
midst  of  a  contemptuous  tolerance.  It 
is  our  business  to  be  loved  and  hated. 
— Hilaire  Belloc. 


A  Difference   of  Opinion 

To  the  Editor: 

I  am  an  old  friend  of  your  frequent  con- 
tributor, Col.  P.  H.  Callahan  of  Louisville, 
and,  being  on  his  mailing  list,  a  recipient  of 
the  ' '  Callahan  Correspondence, ' '  which  is  al- 
ways interesting,  even  if  we  differ  at  times 
as  to  procedure  or  occasionally  even  on  a 
fundamental. 

It  is  not  to  criticize  the  conclusions  of  the 
writer,  but  rather  to  get  other  opinions  than 
my  own  that  I  would  ask  you  to  publish  one 
of  these  letters  recently  broadcasted,  viz : 

"Louisville,  Ky.  Dear  Father  Conroy:  In 
congratulating  you  recently  in  connection  with 
getting  your  address  in  the  Fort  Wayne  daily 
paper,  I  overlooked  that  it  was  given  in  the 
First  Presbyterian  Church,  which  calls  for  a 
further  congratulation.  In  a  country  of  this 
kind,  where  Catholics  are  but  one-sixth  of  the 
population,  it  has  occurred  to  me  that  where 
the  efforts  of  our  clergy  are  confined  to  speak- 
ing in  our  own  churches  and  through  our  own 
Catholic  papers,  we  are  not  fulfilling  the  in- 
structions of  our  Savior,  to  wit :     '  Go  ye  into 


^0() 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


June  15 


till'  wliolc  world  ami  preach  the  Gospel  to 
every  creature.'  If  the  writer  were  asked  to 
name  the  events  of  last  year  that  were  most 
beneficial  to  Catholicity,  he  would  name  the 
followino-:  (1)  The  address  of  Bishop 
Schrembs  in  the  Cleveland  Synagogue;  (2) 
the  address  of  Father  John  A.  Ryan  at  the 
Divinity  School  of  Yale  University  at  New 
Haven;  (3)  the  address,  'Catholics  and  their 
Xeighbors, '  by  Denis  A.  McCarthy,  our  Ca- 
tholic poet,  given  in  non-Catholic  churches 
and  forums  around  Boston;  (4)  the  address 
of  Arthur  S.  Sommers,  the  Avell-known  Catho- 
lic layman  of  Noav  York,  in  the  Central  Con- 
gregational Church  in  Brooklyn;  (5)  the  ad- 
dress by  Father  John  Cavanaugh  at  the  In- 
diana State  Conference  for  Week-day  Re- 
ligious Education  for  Public!  School  pupils; 
(6)  your  own  address  at  the  First  Presby- 
terian Cluirch  in  Fort  Wayne. 

' '  The  Life  of  Cardinal  Gibbons,  as  well 
as  that  of  the  equally  illustrious  Bishop  Eng- 
land remind  us  that  in  their  days,  in  Vir- 
ginia and  the  Caroliuas,  a  great  deal  of  their 
preaching  Avas  done  in  Protestant  churches, 
sometimes  called  meeting  houses. 

' '  (Signed)      P.  H.  Callahan. ' ' 

I  was  somewhat  puzzled,  not  so  much  over 
the  idea  of  going  into  forums,  churches,  meet- 
ing houses,  and'  synagogues  to  "preach  the 
gospel  to  every  living  creature,"  but  rather 
over  his  conclusion  as  to  what  were  the  most 
notable  achievements  for  Catholicitj-  during 
the  year  of  1924.  There  were  many  Catholic 
celebrations  and  meetings  of  a  national  char- 
acter held  throughout  the  country  that  must 
have  impressed  our  fellow  citizens  in  a  favor- 
aljle  wav  and  likewise  many  elaborate  Catho- 
lic institutions  of  a  charitable  or  educational 
character  have  been  started  during  the  year. 

Nothing  could  l)e  more  important  for  dis- 
cussion and  our  consideration  than  the  wel- 
fare of  Catholicity',  and  1  would  like  to  hear 
from  the  readers  of  the  Fortnightly  Review 
as  to  what  in  their  opinion  was  more  helpful 
to  the  cause  than  tlie  programme  mentioned  liy 
Col.  Callahan. 

The  Fortnightly  Review,  providing  as  it 
does  a  medium  for  personal  opinion,  is  in  a 
class  by  itself  and  always  interesting  from 
cover  to  cover. 

(Rev.)  W.  H.  W. 


A  Warning 

To  the  Editor: 

In  the  last  two  months  my  travels  have 
brought  mo  into  all  the  large  cities  of  the 
West,  including  California,  and  of  the  South. 
Almost  everywhere  my  Catholic  friends  tell  me 
of  being  approached  by  "ex-Kluxers"  at- 
tempting'to  interest  them  in  obtaining  finan- 
cial assistance  in  the  jareparation  and  circula- 
tion of  an  Anti-Ku  Klux  book  or  directly 
soliciting  funds  to  make  speeches  denouncing 
the  Klan  and  to  attack  its  legal  status  in  the 
courts. 


On  my  return  home  I  find  Our  Sunday 
Visitor  giving  space  to  an  appeal  for  assist- 
ance from  one  of  these  ' '  Ex-Kluxers ' '  of 
our  own  city  of  Louisville  where  the  Klan  nev- 
er got  so  much  as  what  might  be  called  a 
start.  Any  contribution  or  assistance  is  not 
only  unnecessary,  but  might  be  the  means  of 
reviving  by  agitation  and  publicity  a  move- 
ment that  has  virtually  passed  away.  It  is 
very  evident  that  this  is  done  systematically 
throughout  the  country,  either  to  capitalize 
for  tlie  purpose  of  profit  the  Anti-Ku  Klux 
feeling,  or  to  give  new  life  to  the  society. 

It  is  my  information  that  our  friends,  the 
Jews  are  falling  victims  to  these  tactics  more 
frequently  tlian  the  Catholics. 

P.  H.  Callahan 
Louisville,  Kw 


From    Georgia 

An  Atlanta,  Ga.,  dispatch  brings  the  news 
that  tlie  Notre  Dame  base  ball  team  made  a 
tour  of  Georgia,  this  spring,  like  the  foot  ball 
team  of  the  same  university  last  fall,  playing 
the  colleges  at  Athens,  Atlanta,  Columbus, 
and  ^Nlacon,  and  concludes  with  the  following 
note : 


LOUIS  PREUSS,  ASSOCIATED  WITH 
THE  LATE  JOHN  T.  COMES  IN  THE 
BUILDING  OF  THE  KENRICK  SEMI- 
NARY, HAS  ASSOCIATED  HiMSELF 
WITH  MR.  J.  G.  STEINBACH,  OF 
CHICAGO,  FOR  THE  PURPOSE  OF 
COLLABORATING  WITH  HIM  IN 
THE  CONSTRUCTION  OF  CHURCH- 
ES, SCHOOLS,  CONVENTS,  AND 
OTHER  ECCLESIASTICAL  INSTITU- 
TIONS ACCORDING  TO  THE  TRUE 
PRINCIPLES  OF  CHRISTIAN  ART. 
HE  RESPECTFULLY  SOLICITS  YOUR 
PATRONAGE. 

SHREWSBURY  PARK,  SAINT  LOUIS, 

MISSOURI. 

TELEPHONE:  BENTON  305  7  R. 


DINNER  BELLE 
BREAD 


PAPENDICK  BAKERY  COMPANY 


ASK    YOUR  GROCER 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


257 


Church   Bazaars,    Festivals,    etc. 

Church  Institutions  have  been  buying  our 
goods  with  perfect  satisfaction  for  over 
thirty  years.  This  is  because  we  carry 
a  large  selection  of  merchandise  especial- 
ly suitable  for  such  purposes  at  un- 
usually low  prices. 

Our  Goods  Assure  Profits 
Because  They  Are  Use- 
ful, Attractive  and  Ap- 
pealing. 

Novelties,  Silverware, 

Aluminum  Goods.  Dolls, 
Candy,  Indian  Blankets, 
Paddle  Wheels,  etc. 
This  large  catalogue  free 
to  Clergymen  and  buying 
committees. 

We  can  refer  to  hundreds 
of  Catholic  Churches. 
Our  Catalogs 
A  Buyer's  Guide 

N.  SHURE  CO.,  Chicago 

Wholesale  Merchandise 


POSITION  WANTED,  as  choir  director  and 
organist,  by  a  man  competent  in  plain  chant, 
harmony,  rubrics,  counterpoint,  etc.  Am 
willing  to  serve  wherever  a  man  is  wanted  to 
direct  the  music  according  to  the  will  of  the 
Church.  I  am  a  pupil  of  the  late  Professor 
John  Singenberger,  of  St.  Francis,  Wis.  Ad- 
dress A.  B.  C,  c/o  Fortnightly  Review. 


SfEINER^H^fflllC? 


rSEALS, 


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STAMPS^ 


STENCILS  ^METALCHECItt.  . 


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I SELLMANN 

Tailor 


We  Specialize  on  All 
Clerical  Clothes 


"Jim  Crowley,  famous  halfback  of  the 
Xotre  Dame  eleven,  has  been  signed  to 
coach  the  University  of  Georgia  backfield 
men,  Head  Coach  George  C.  Woodruff,  of 
the  university,  announced  during  the  visit 
of  the  Notre  Dame  nine  to  Columbus. 
Crowley,  who  will  spend  nine  months  of  the 
year  in  Athens,  sticceeds  another  Notre 
Dame  man,  Frank  W.  Thomas,  who  has 
been  named  head  coach  at  the  University 
of  Chattanooga. 

This  would  seem  to  be  another  indication 
that  Director  Reid  of  the  Georgia  Catholic 
Laymen's  Association  is  justified  in,  feeling 
that  Catholic  writers  and  others  should  no 
longer  refer  to  the  "  bigotted  South"  and 
"Darkest  Georgia." 

A  Reader 


3475  South  Grand  Boulevard 
Phone,  Grand   7832 


A  National   Catholic   Lawyers'   Organization 

To  the   Editor:  — 

A  Xationa]  Catholic  Lawyers'  Organization, 
so-called,  is  being  formed  in  St.  Louis-  It  is  to 
be  known  as  the  St.  Ives  Society.  St.  Ives  was 
a  learned  doctor  of  civil  and  canon  law,  living 
in  Paris  in  the  thirteenth  century.  The  object 
of  the  society,  as  stated  in  the  JST.  C.  W.  C. 
News  Service,  is  "to  bring  Catholic  lawyers 
into  closer  relation  for  the  mutual  benefit 
of  its  members,  of  the  Church,  and  to  pro- 
mote a  better  feeling  between  Catholics  and 
their  non-Catholic  fellow  citizens. ' '  The  re- 
sults are  apt  to  be  just  contrary  to  those  hoped 
foi'  from   such  an   organization. 

There  is  no  more  need  for  a  Catholic 
lawyers '  association  than  for  a  Catholic  doc- 
tors'  association,  a  Catholic  bankers'  associa- 
tion, or  a  Catholic  organ  grinders'  association. 
Instead  of  promoting  better  feeling  between 
Catholics  and  their  non -Catholic  fellow-citi- 
zens, they  are  doing  exactly  the  reverse  by 
drawing  lines  of  separation  in  the  ordinary 
affairs  of  life  in  civil  societ3^  This  should  not 
be  done  without  some  special  and  urgent  rea- 
son. For  example,  an  association  of  Catholic 
lawyers  who  would  not  accept  divorce  cases, 
formed  for  the  purpose  of  emphasizing  this 
great  evil  which  is  threatening  to  destroy  the 
American  home,  would  not  be  unjustified;  but 
for  Catholic  lawyers  to  endeavor  to  distm- 
guish  themselves  from  their  non-Catholic  fel- 
low members  of  the  bar,  merely  on  the  lines 
of  their  religion  and  without  the  purpose  of 
attacking  some  definite  evil  which  contravenes 
distinctive  Catholic  teaching,  cannot  be  justi- 
fied and  will  do  harm  rather  than  good.  The 
St.  Louis  organization  should  be  discouraged. 
Louis^-ille,  Ky.     ■  Benedict  Elder 

Catholics   and   the   State   Universities 

To  the  Editor:  — 

On  the  first  page  of  No.  7  of  the  F.  E.  I 
find  an  article  "Catholics  and  the  State  L''"ni- 
versities. ' '  I  think  among  Catholics  the  de- 
sire for  Catholic  education  is  practicalh'  imi- 


358 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


June  15 


versa!,  but  tlie  other  questions  involved  do 
not  always  make  it  possible.  A  private  school 
is  necessarily  more  expensive.  Then,  too,  it 
is  only  within  very  recent  years  that  many  of 
our  Catholic  colleges  offered  any  courses  ex- 
cept along  classical  lines,  and  their  gradu- 
ates were  fitted  only  for  teaching.  Outside 
of  law,  medicine,  and  engineering,  I  believe 
many  of  the  men 's  colleges  do  not  offer  many 
other  vocational  courses,  and  this  is  even  more 
true  of  the  girls'  colleges.  Then  the  gradu- 
ate of  a  Catholic  college  does  not  always  find 
it  so  easy  to  secure  a  teaching  position  as  a 
graduate  from  another  college,  either  state 
or  belonging  to  other  churches.  I  happen  to 
know  of  an  instance  of  four  Catholic  daugh- 
ters in  one  family  taking  their  college  work 
in  their  home  town  at  a  Protestant  college. 
It  was  their  only  chance  for  college  work. 
They  all  stepjjed  into  fine  teaching  positions  in 
their  own  State,  secured  for  them  tlirough 
their  college  office.  They  were  even  offered  a 
choice  of  positions.  At  about  the  same  time 
the  graduate  of  one  of  our  finest  Catholic 
colleges  for  women  found  it  practically  im- 
possible to  secure  a  good  teaching  position. 
Her  Alma  Mater  tried  to  help  her,  but  offered 
only  a  choice  between  a  school  someAvhere  iu 
the  wilds  of  North  Dakota — and  this  turned 
up  incidentally — and  a  branch  school  of  tlie 
Sisters  conducting  the  college,  where  the  sal- 
ary would  just  about  cover  railroad  fare  to 
and  from  her  home  town.  This  Avas  not  a 
recent  instance,  but  I  do  not  know  to  wluit 
extent  our  schools  have  placed  themselves  iu 
a  position  to  assure  their  graduates  teaching 

positions Recently,  I  saw  someone  quoted 

as  saying,  since  Protestant  teachers  are  not 
wanted  in  our  schools,  neither  are  Catholic 
teachers  wanted  in  Protestant  (meaning  pub- 
lic) schools.  Of  course,  we  have  that  con- 
fusion of  mind  to  contend  with,  constituting 
as  it  perhaps  does,  the  "defect"  of  our  "vir- 
tue. ' '  We  have  four  youngsters  coming  on, 
whom  we'd  like  to  have  take  up  Avhatever 
life-work  they  are  fitted  for,  and  hope  they 
can  find  the  courses  they  will  need  iu  our  Cath- 
olic schools ;  so  it 's  a  matter  I  hope  to  secure 
more  information  on,  in  time  to  come. 

T.  J.  B. 


The  Petition  for  Bread  in  the  "Our  Father" 

To  the  Editor:  — 

Allow  me  to  nuike  a  renuirk  concerning  the 
article  in  the  June  Istk  issue  of  the  P.  R. : 
"What  is  the  Meaning  of  the  Petition  for 
Bread  iu  the  Our  Father?" 

What  is  the  use  of  wasting  so  much  time 
in  "scientific"  research  in  exegetical  and  as- 
cetical  books  for  the  meaning  of  the  word 
' '  epiousios, ' '  when  the  Church  has  done  all 
this  Avork  for  us  and  teaches  us  so  plainly  what 
the  meaning  of  this  word  is?  In  the  Decree 
on  the  daily  reception  of  the  Holy  Eucharist 
("Sacra  Tridentina  Synodus")  the  Church 
tells  us;     "Moreover,  Avhereas  in  the  Lord's 


Teacher  and  Organist  Wanted 

in  a   country  parish  near  St.  Louis.  Ap- 
ply to: 

J.  F.  H. 

c/o    Fortnightly   Review 


Thos.  F.   Imbs 

ARCHITECT 

STUDIO 

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HENRY  P.  HESS 

ARCHITECT 
S.  W.  Cor.  Taylor  &  Page  Ave. 

Office   Tel.    Dei.    5648 
Residence   Forest    7040 


Established   1876 


THE  KALETTA  COMPANY 


CHURCH    STATUARY 

ALTARS,  RAILS 

CHURCH      FURNISHINGS 


Composition  Marble 

Terra  Cotta  Wood 

Cement  Stone 

Mosaics    and  Oil    Paintings 

3715-21  California  Avenue 

ST.    LOUIS,    MO. 


Desians   submitted 


Catalogues 


Chalices  and  Ciboriums  Regilded 


Gold  and  Silver 

We  have  Episcopal  permission 
for  Gold  Plating  and  Eepairing 
of   Consecrated  Sacred  Vessels. 

Candlesticks,    Censers,    etc. 
Eevarnished 


Mueller  Plating;  Co. 

922  Pine  St.,  Second  Floor, 
ST.  LOUIS,  MO. 


1925 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  KEVIEW 


259 


Churches,    Rectories,    Schools, 
Convents  and  Institutions. 

If    you    contemplate    the    erection    of    a 
building  Avrite  us  for  information. 

Ludewig  &  Dreisoerner 

ARCHITECTS 
Ecclesiastical     Architecture 

3543    Humphrey    Street 

SAINT   LOUIS,    MO. 

Sidney    3  1  86 


Notice  of  Removal 

The  Offices  and  Salesrooms  of 

J.    Fischer    &    Bro. 

Publishers  of 

Church,    School,    and    Organ    Music    are 

now  located  at 

119  West  40th  Street 

New    York 

Between    Broadway    and    Sixth    Avenue. 

A  cordial  invitation  is  extended  to  the 
Reverend  Clergy,  Sisters  and  organists, 
when  in  New  York,  to  pay  our  establish- 
ment a  visit. 


Established   in   1855 


Will  &Bauiiier  Candle  Co, 


Inc. 


Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

Makers    of    Highest    Grades    of 

Ghurch  Candles 

Branch  Office 

405    North  Main  Street 

St.  Louis,  Mo. 


Prayer,  we  are  bidden  to  ask  for  'our  daily 
bread, '  the  Holy  Fathers  of  the  Church  all 
but  unanimously  teach  that  by  these  words 
must  be  understood,  not  so  much  the  material 
bread  which  is  the  support  of  the  body,  as 
the  Eucharistic  Bread,  which  ought  to  be  our 
daily  food. ' ' 

It  seems  to  me  that  a  busy  priest  gets  more 
out  of  these  few,  plainly  written  words  than 
out  of  a  lengthy  scientific  treatise,  which,  be- 
sides, seems  to  be  at  variance  with  the  plain 
teaching  of  the  Church.  A  Priest 


The  Theology  of  the  Im:maculate 
Conception 

To  the  Editor:  — 

Such  is  the  heading  of  Fr.  Loughran's  paper 
in  the  May  number  of  The  Ecclesiastical  Be- 
view.  Though  it  appears  as  a  criticism  of  an 
article  by  A.  E.  in  the  January  issue  of  the 
same  magazine,  it  really  aims  at  lis — the  quo- 
tations which  Fr.  Loughran  attributes  to  A. 
K.  being  found  not  in  that  paper,  but  in  the 
one  we  published  in  The  Homil.  and  Past. 
Her.,  Dec.  1923. 

Fr.  Loughran's  "theology"  on  the  subject 
can  be  thus  sumarized:  (a)  The  Bl.  Virgin 
was  not  redeemed,  but  preserved;  (b)  This 
privilege  was  granted,  not  to  the  person  of 
the  Bl.  Virgm — at  the  moment  when  the  soul 
was  infused  into  the  body — nor  to  the  body  of 
the  Bl.  Virgin, — so  we  could  speak  of  it  as 
of  embryonic  flesh, — but  to  the  elements  of 
this  body, — the  semen  and  the  ovum, — at  the 
moment  when  these  two  joined. 

We  reply:  (a)  Redemption  and  preservation 
are  not  opijosite  terms,  for  there  is  a  si^ecies 
of  redemj^tion  which  theologians  call  ' '  preser- 
vative redemption ;  ' '  and  thus  ' '  redeemed  by 
Christ ' '  means,  in  our  case,  ' '  preserved  by 
the  merits  of  Christ  as  Redeemer.  The  dog- 
matic definition  reads:  "intuitu  nieritorum 
Christi  lesu,  Salvatoris  humani  generis;" 
the  prayer  in  the  Office  of  the  fea^t  has: 
"ex  morte  Filii  Dei  praevisa;"  and  the  Bull 
of  definition  speaks  of  Mary  as  ' '  sublimiori 
n)odo  redempta."  (b)  This  privilege  is  at- 
tributed to  the  Bl.  Virgin,  to  her  person, — 
the  one  which  can  be  redeemed,— not  to  her 
body,  and  still  less  to  the  elements  of  her 
flesh.  It  was,  consequently,  granted  at  the 
moment  at  which  the  soul  was  united  with  the 
body. 

It  seems  strange  that  Fr.  Loughran,  so  dog- 
matic in  his  statements,  addresses  to  us  the 
following  question:  "Would  St.  Tliomas  have 
accepted  the  one-time  stained  flesh,  Avith  the 
fames  peccati  suspended,  as  the  Mother  of  the 
Flesh  of  the  Redeemer?"  We  invite  Fr. 
Loughran  to  find  the  answer  for  himself  by 
comparing  the  "ab  omni  labe  peccati  origi- 
nalis  praeservatam  immunem ' '  of  the  defi- 
nition of  Pius  IX  with  this  other  definition  of 
the  Council  of  Trent :  ' '  Hanc  concupiscentiani 
— the  fames  peccati — sancta  Synodus  declarat 
Ecclesiam    catholicam    numquam    intellexisse 


160 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


June   15 


peeeatiiiii   appellari    quod    vere    ct    projjrie   in 
icnatis  peccatum  sit." 

Fr.  Louglirau's  closing  "words:  "God  Al- 
mighty created  a  pure  soul  and  infused  it 
into  this  eternally  sinless,  stainless  embryonic 
flesh"  make  us  think  that,  in  spite  of  his 
intention,  he  is  not  writing  theology,  but 
poetry.     .  P.  Lumbreras,  O.  P. 

Rosaryville  Theological  Seminary, 
Ponchatoula,  La. 

Excerpts    from    Letters 

Dum  omnes  clamant,  silere  nefas.  Ergo, 
add  us  to  the  number  of  boosters  for  the  F.  E. 
- — (Eevs.)  Justin  A.  Heiihel,  C.  SS.  P.,  and 
Clement  Sclmette,  C.  PP.  S.,  St.  Joseph's 
College,  Collegeville,  Ind. 

I  will  gladly  pay  the  increased  subscrip- 
tion price.  Would  miss  a  good  friend  if  the 
F.  E.  would  disappear — a  friend  whose  regular 
visits  I  have  enjoyed  for  over  thirty  years. 
Keep  the  Fortnightly  going! — (Eev.)  Wm. 
Eammeke,  Malianoy  City,  Pa. 

1  agree  with  the  fine  encomiums  of  the 
F.  E.  What  it  lacks  in  size,  it  easily  makes 
up  in  quality.  If  it  depends  on  the  good 
wishes  of  your  readers,  the  coming  years  will 
be  even  more  successful  than  the  past. —  (Rev.) 
E.  M.  Deck,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Success  to  the  F.  E. !  May  it  prosper !  It 
is  the  best  magazine  coming  to  my  desk. 
God's  blessing  to  its  able  editor!  —  (Bev.) 
Ign.  A.  Klein,  Bacine,  Wis. 

I  just  notice  that  my  subscription  has  run 
out.  So  here  is  the  renewal,  with  congratu- 
Iftions  on  your  past  work  and  best  wishes  for 
yc'ur  success  in  the  future.  Your  Eeview,  at 
times,  is  the  causa  occasionalis  of  my  neglect 
of  duty.  When  the  janitor  brings  the  F.  E. 
from  the  post  office,  I  read  and  read,  forget- 
ful of  the  work  ahead  of  me  ....  God  bless 
you  and  your  family!  —  (Bev.)  Fr.  Dominic, 
b.  S.  B.,  Mount  Angel,  Ore. 

•$3  per  annum  is  cheap  enough  for  the  F.  E. 
There  is  no  other  journal  like  it.  May  God 
keep  you  in  good  health  to  continue  the  work. 
—  (Bev.)  L.  Plumans,  Lima,  0. 

It  is  a  distinction  to  be  able  to  help  sup- 
port your  distinct  and  distinguished  Eeview, 
and  we  shall  Avith  pleasure  "trail  along"  as 
we  have  done  for  the  past  quarter  of  a  cen- 
tury.—  (Bev.)  Geo.  J.  Hildner,  Claryville,  Mo. 

I  like  your  passionate  love  of  truth  and 
ycur  fearless  stand  against  duplicity.  Keep 
up  the  good  fight!  —  (Bev.)  Anth.  M.  Koos, 
PcttsviUe,  Pa. 


—Father  F.  X.  Lasance's  "Let  Us  Pray" 
(144  pp.,  vest  pocket  size;  Benziger  Bros.) 
recommends  itself  by  its  comparative  com- 
pleteness (it  contains  prayers  for  all  ordi- 
nary occasions  of  devotion)  and  its  remark- 
able cheapness  (25  cts.). 


SECOND  HAND  BOOKS  FOR  SALE 

(Terms:    Cash    with    Order;    Postage   Pre- 
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Mink-Jullien,  Mme.  The  Ways  of  God.  The 
Story  of  a  Conversion.  London,  1925. 
$1. 

Ficlitner,  H.  0.  Eomfahrt.  Kurzer  kuust- 
geschichtlicher  Fiihrer  dureh  die  Ewige 
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Saudreau,  Auguste.  The  Mystical  State: 
Its  Nature  and  Phases.  London,  1925. 
.$2. 

Gatterer,  Mich.,  S.  J.  Katechetik.  3te, 
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Gatterer,  Mich.,  S.  J.  Kinderseelsorge. 
Innsl>ruck,  1924.     75  cts.   (Wrapper). 

Haggenev,  Karl,  S.  J.  Auf  des  Herrn 
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Garesclie,  Edw.  F.,  S.  J.  Sodality  Con- 
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Eichstatter,  Karl,  S.  J.  Die  Herz-Jesu- 
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Hausschatzbiicher  Nos.  31  to  36,  including 
novels  and  short  stories  (in  German)  by 
Eichendorff,  Anzengruber,  Turgenieff,  etc. 
6  vols.,  bound.     $1.50. 

Kolbe,  Msgr.  Up  the  Slopes  of  Mount  Sion, 
or,  A  Progress  from  Puritanism  to  Catholi- 
cism.    London,  1925.     $1.50. 

Monnin,  A.  The  Cure  of  Ars.  Life  of  Bl. 
Jean-Baptiste-Marie  Vianney.  Tr.  by  B. 
Wolferstan,  S.  J.    London,  1925.    $5. 

Pohle-Preuss.  God:  His  Knowability,  Es- 
sence, and  Attributes.  4th  ed.  St.  Louis, 
1921.     $2. 

Brothers    of    the    Sacred    Heart.      Spiritual 
■   Guide  for  Eeligious.    Metuchen,  N.  J.    $1. 

Stebbing,  Geo.  (C.  SS.  E.).  The  Eedemp- 
torists.     London,  1924.     $2. 

McCann,  Justin,  0.  S.  B.  The  Cloud  of 
Unknowing  and  Other  Treatises  by  an 
English  Mystic  of  the  14th  Century.  With 
a  Commentary  by  Fr.  Aug.  Baker,  0.  S. 
B.  London,  1924.     $1. 

U.  S.  Catholic  Chaplains  in  the  World  War. 
N.  Y.,  1924.     $1.50. 

Grussi,  A.  i\I.  Chats  on  Christian  Names. 
Boston,   1925.     $2. 

Poulain,  Aug.  (S.  J.).  Handbuch  der 
Mystik.  Freie  Wiedergabe.  Freiburg  i. 
B.,    $2. 

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BOOK  REVIEWS 


A    20th    Century    Bestiary 

"Das  Grosse  Bestiarium  der  Modernen 
Literatur"  by  Franz  Blei  (Berlin  :  Ernst 
Rowholt),  is  a  sustained  literary  joke,  a  dic- 
tionary of  modern  European  writers  under 
the  guise  of  beasts,  in  the  style  of  the  besti- 
aries of  the  Middle  Ages.  Sometimes  the  hu- 
mor is  forced,  but  often  there  is  acute  and 
\vitty  criticism,  while  several  chapters  on  Ger- 
ujan  style,  printed  after  the  dictionary,  are 
quite  seriously  worth  attention  from  anyone 
interested  in  that  subject  (it  may  be  men- 
tioned that  Blei  himself  enjoys  a  considerable 
reputation  as  a  stylist  among  contemporary 
German  writers). 

German  writers  naturally  predominate  in 
the  catalogue,  but  French,  Italian,  and  En- 
glish are  there  too,  including  Rudyard  Kip- 
ling and  G.  K.  Chesterton.  The  latter  is  de- 
scribed as  a  creature  which  never  uses  its 
legs,  at  least  in  public,  but  always  walks  on 
its  head.  ' '  In  this  he  has  acquired  wonder- 
ful skill,  which  he  delights  to  exhibit  in 
church,  to  the  terror  of  the  faithful-"  This 
is  a  fair  specimen  of  Blei's  humor. 

A  short  collection  of  literary  jokes  con- 
cludes the  volume.  Among  them  is  the  fol- 
lowing, ascribed  to  Arthur  Schnitzler :  *  *  Some- 
one once  asked  him  how  he  had  enjoyed  him- 
self at  a  certain  social  function.  '  If  I  had 
not  been  there  myself, '  he  replied,  '  I  should 
have  been  terribly  bored.'  " 

Literary  Briefs 

— At  the  urgent  request  of  his  friends  the 
Rt.  Rev.  Msgr.  .loseph  Rainer,  of  St.  Francis 
Seminary,  St.  Francis,  Wis.,  has  published  a 
new  edition  of  his  ' '  Short  Conferences  on  the 
Little  Ofhee  of  the  Immaculate  Conception. ' ' 
The  little  book  has  been  found  very  useful  to 
priests  who  preside  over  sodalities,  as  it  con- 
tains a  short  explanation  of  the  Office.  The 
price  is  fifty  cents  per  copy,  postpaid,  if  or- 
dered directly  from  the  author. 

— Double  Heft  43  and  44  of  the  ' '  Ref  orma- 
tionsgeschichtliche  Studien  und  Texte, ' '  that 
valuable  series  of  monographs  on  the  history 
of  the  Protestant  Reformation,  now  edited  by 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Albert  Ehrhard,  is  devoted  to 
a  study,  by  Dr.  Karl  Ried,  of  ' '  Moritz  von 
Hutten,  Fiirstbischof  von  Eichstatt  (1539- 
1557)  und  die  Glaubensspaltung. "  This  emi- 
nent prelate  was  a  cousin  of  the  notorious 
Ulrich  von  Hutten,  but  a  man  of  an  entirely 
different  type.  He  led  a  blameless  life  and 
tried  hard  to  raise  the  intellectual  and  moral 
level  of  his  clergy.  Had  the  bishops  of  that 
day  all  been  men  of  his  calibre,  it  is  safe  to 
say  that  Germany  and  the  Catholic  Church 
would  not  have  suffered  the  way  they  did  frojn 
the  dissension  created  by  Luther  and  his 
henchmen.  This  monograph  is  based  for  the 
most  part  on  inedited  documents,  and  in  the 


2G2 


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ARCHITECTS 


LACLEDE  GAS  BUILDING 
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use  lie  ni.-ikes  of  his  numerous  and  sometimes 
difficult  sources  the  author  shows;  himself  a 
true  historinii  after  the  model  of  Janssen  and 
Pastor.  The  series  to  which  this  monograph 
belongs  is  pul:)lished  by  Aschendorff,  of  Miin- 
ster  i.  W.,  but  all  the  niunbers  can  be  ordered, 
either  l)()und  or  in  paper  covers,  through  the 
B.   Herder  Book  Co.,  of  this  city. 

— Under  tlie  title  "American  ypringtime 
Chimes,"  the  Et.  Rev.  Msgr.  Wm.  Cluse  pre- 
sents a  selection  of  "  Iambic' Eclioes  of  F.  W. 
Weber's  Trochaic  'Dreizehnlinden '. ' '  Like 
one  or  two  previous  attempts  to  render  "Drei- 
zehnliuden"  into  English,  this  one,  too,  shows 
that  ' '  it  can 't  be  did. ' '  But  perhaps  it  will 
induce  the  one  or  other  American  wlui  does 
not  yet  know  the  German  original  to  take 
u]i  its  study,  and  in  that  case,  no  doul)t. 
the  genial  Msgr.  Cluse  will  regard  Ids  laljor 
as  well  repaid.  (Cluseton  Home,  Okawville, 
111.) 

— "The  Life  of  Our  Lord  in  Sermons,'' 
by  the  Eev.  Eichard  Cookson,  is  no  ordinary 
collection  of  discourses  on  the  duties  of  the 
Christian  life,  but  a  handbook  for  priests  with 
information  and  detail  suitable  for  preparing 
sermons.  The  author  has  given  special  at- 
tention to  the  setting  of  the  Life  of  Christ, 
i.  c,  the  times,  habits,  and  customs  of  Our 
Lord's  earthly  sojourn,  and  has  done  liis 
work    so   well    that,    in    the    words   of    Bishop 


•John  S.  Vaughan,  who  cuntritiutes  the  Pref- 
ace, "there  is  [in  this  book]  scarcel}^  a  ser- 
mon in  which  the  diligent  reader  will  not 
gain  some  information  that  will  help  him  to 
form  a  truer  and  more  faithful  portrait  of 
Jesus  Christ,'' — which,  he  adds,  "is  au  enor- 
mous gain,  for  there  can  be  no  doubt  but 
that  the  more  faithfully  and  fully  we  appre- 
ciate the  character  and  personality  of  Our 
Blessed  Lord,  the  more  vivid  our  faith  will 
become,  and  the  more  we  shall  feel  attracted 
toward  Him."    (Joseph  F.  Wagner,  Inc.) 

— Lender  the  too  broad  title,  "St.  Thonuis 
Aquinas,"  the  English  Dominicans  have  edit- 
ed in  l)ook  form  the  papers  delivered  at  the 
Manchester  celebration  of  the  6th  centenary 
of  the  canonization  of  the  Angelic  Doctor,  by 
Aelred  Whitacre,  O.  P.,  Vincent  McNabb,  6. 
P.,  Hugh  Pope,  O.  P.,  Prof.  A.  E,  Taylor, 
Msgr.  Gonne,  and  Prof.  T.  F.  Tout.  These  pa- 
pers deal  with  the  place  of  St.  Thomas  in  his- 
tory, St.  Thoujas  as  a  philosopher,  his  the- 
ology, his  mysticism,  and  liis  work  as  an  in- 
terpreter of  Holy  Scripture.  The  two  best 
essays,  curious  to  say,  are  those  by  Prof.  Tay- 
lor and  Prof.  Tout,  both  laymen  and  both 
non-Catholics.  The  volume  is  beautifully 
priuted  and  constitutes  a  contribution  of  real 
value  to  the  as  yet  meagre  literature  on 
Aquinas  and  his  teachings  in  English.  (B. 
Herder  Book  Co.) 


1925 


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263 


A  Catholic  newspaper  of  superior 
merit,  which  appeals  to  readers  outside 
of  its  own  local  environment.  It  con- 
tains a  great  deal  of  information  which 
will  not  be  found  in  any  other  paper. 

Father  F.  Rombouts,  of  New  Orleans, 
says  in  the  Dec.  15,  1924,  issue  of  the 
Fortniglitly  Beview:  "First  the  P.  R., 
second  Tlte  Echo — and  all  the  rest  is 
simply  filling." 


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hand,  or  is  the  talk  we  hear  on  the 

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theory  which  may  float  for  a  while 
on  the  surface  of  the  mind,  like  an 
iceberg  in  the  ocean,  but  in  the  end 
is  sure  to  melt  before  the  effulgent 
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2(34 


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luiie  ]5 


A  SPRINKLE  OF  SPICE 


The  fc)ll(i\viii>;  verses  of  Sftiu  W.  Foss,  cjuot- 
ed  in  the  Chicai/o  Daily  New.<t,  are  a  bit  rough 
on  the  ' ' jiners:  ' ' — 

He  was  Cliairinan  of  the  Guikl 
Of  early  Pk'ioceni'  Patriarchs; 

He  Avas  ('hief  Mentor  of  the  Lord 
Of  -tlie  OraeiUar  Oligarchs; 

He  was  the  Lord  High  Autocrat 
And  Vizier  of  the  Sons  of  Light, 

And  Sultan  and  Grand  Mandarin 
Of  tlie  :\rillennial  Men  of  Might. 

He  was  Grand  Totem  and  High  Priest 
Of  the  Indej^endent  Potentates ; 

Grand  Mogul  of  the  Galaxy 

Of  the  Illustrious  Stav-out-lates  ; 
Etc.,  Etc. 


]\rarg()t  .\s(iuith,  in  her  book  on  her  Ameri- 
can experiences,  tells  the  story  of  an  Ameri- 
can temperance  lecturer  who  arrived  in  a  small 
town  one  evening  and  found  lie  had  a  rather 
rough  throat.  Fearing  for  the  success  of  his 
lecture,  he  consulted  a  physician.  The  physi- 
cian told  hin]  to  have  a  glass  of  milk  with  liim 
upon  the  platform  and  take  an  occasional  sip. 
(Milk  is  soothing  to  the  throat.)  He  went  to 
the  hall  a  little  early  and  told  the  janitor  to 
get  iiim  a  glass  of  milk.  The  janitor  was 
a  little  hard-driven  to  find  a  glass  of  milk, 
but  finally  he  bethmight  himself  of  a  saloon 
across  the  road  from  the  hall.  He  ran  across 
and  told  the  bartender  the  situation.  The 
bartender  agi-eed  to  help  him  out;  "but,"  he 
said,  * '  I  can  give  him  something  better  for 
the  throat  than  pure  milk."  Whereupon  he 
mixed  a  tumbler  of  good,  strong,  milk  punch. 
T)ie  janitor  took  the  tumbler  over  and  put  it 
on  the  table  beside  the  desk.  The  lecturer 
went  on  for  about  ten  minutes  when  he  stopped 
and  took  a  sip  of  the  milk.  Then  he  took 
another,  and  holding  the  glass  up,  he  turned  to 
his  audience  and  exclaimed:  "Gosh,  what 
cows !  ' ' 


^fany  years  ago,  in  tlie  British  House  of 
Commons,  a  gentleman  of  very  pronounced 
Protestant  views  urged  that  in  words  such  as 
"Christmas,"  "Michaelmas,"  and  the  like, 
the  Popish  "mass"  should  be  replaced  by 
"tide,"  as  in  "Whitsuntide."  Unfortunate- 
ly' for  himself,  the  member 's  own  name  was 
singularly  infelicitous  in  this  connection:  he 
was  Sir  Thomas  Massey  Massey.  Tlie  story 
goes  that  a  wag  on  the  other  side  of  the  House 
immediately  ex])ressed  an  assumed  concurrence 
with  the  Protestant  view,  pointing  out  that  as 
a  matter  of  consistency  the  proposer  would  of 
course  wish  to  be  known  in  future  as  Sir 
Thotide  Tidey  Tidey-  Tliat  ended  the  dis- 
cussion. 


NOW   COMPLETE   IN   THREE 
VOLUMES 

A  Handbook 

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Scripture 

Study 

By    the 

Rev.  H.  Schumacher,  S.  T.  D. 

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at   the  Catholic  University   of  America. 

Vol.    I         General    Introduction.    Cloth, 

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$2.00. 
Vol.    II        The     Old    Testament.     Cloth, 

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Vol.    Ill       The    New    Testament.    Cloth, 

8vo.,    VI     &    317    pages,    net 

$2.00. 
"...The  subject  is  treated  with  that 
mastery  which  long  familiarity  alone  can 
give,  and  with  a  precision  and  brevity 
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to  the  student,  but  also  to  the  mature 
reader  who  wishes  to  refresh  his  memory. 
A  characteristic  feature  of  this  'Hand- 
book' ...  is  its  up-to-dateness  and  its  con- 
stant references.  .  .  .  Dr.  Schumacher  has 
lived  up  to  his  reputation  for  Biblical 
scholarship  in  this  volume  . .  .  this  '  Hand- 
book '  will  take  rank  as  the  best  of  its 
kind  in  English. ' ' 

(The  Fortnightly  Eeview). 

"...  It  is  almost  as  solid  as  a  table  of 
logarithms,  and  yet  the  method  of  presen- 
tation is  so  natural  and  easy  that  the 
work  of  the  student  is  a  delight. 

"Next  the  reader  notices  on  all  sides 
evidence  of  deep  and  broad  scholarship. 
In  knowledge  of  his  subject  and  familiar- 
ity with  its  literature,  Dr.  Schumacher 
has  absolutely  no  rival  among  Catholic 
scholars  in  America.  ...  he  has  succeeded 
in  combining  the  most  advanced  modern 
scholarship — I  mean  genuine  scholarship, 
not  irresponsible  speculation — with  the 
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Truth  is  his  passion  and  not  sensational- 
ism. ..." 

(Baltimore  Catholic  Beview). 


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1215  Virginia  Avenue  St.  Louis,  Mo. 


266 


THE    FOKTXIGHTLY    KEVIEW  July  1 


DENNY  ROAD,  BETWEEN  CLAYTON  AND  OLIVE 

Catholic  Boarding  School  For  Boys  and  Young  Men — Under  the 

Direction  of  the  Society  of  Mary  (Brothers  of  Mary) 


'*".  31i^ 


Grammar  Department: 

Fifth  Grade  Up 

High  School  Department 

Fully    Accredited     to    the    Missouri    University    and    the 

North  Central  Association 
College  Department: 

Arts,      Letters,      Science,      Engineering,     Commerce     and 

Finance 
Music  Department 

Affiliated   with  the  National   Academy   of  Music. 
Special    Attention   to    Beginners 


The  President, 

Phone:    Clayton     128. 


For  Particulars  Address: 

Chaminade  College, 


Clayton,  Mo. 


The  Fortnigfhtly  Review 


VOL.  XXXII,  XO.  13 


ST.  LOUIS,   MISSOUEI 


July   1st,   1925 


CHRONICLE  AND  COMMENT 


Col.  House's  Private  Papers 

"Inside  Diplomatic  Ili.storv  of  the 
United  States— 1913-1919"  might  well 
he  the  title  of  a  collection  of  private 
]»apers  of  which  Yale  University  has 
come  into  possession.  They  have  heen 
deposited  there  hy  Colonel  Edward  M. 
Honse,  to  he  held  in  trnst  for  histor- 
ians and  political  students  of  the  fu- 
ture. Woodrow  Wilson's  confidential 
adviser  and  international  "scout"  has 
preferred  this  disposition  of  his  mem- 
oirs to  Avriting  a  l)ook  of  them — a  temp- 
tation which  other  contemporaries  of 
the  war  president  were  not  able  to  re- 
sist. The  House  papers  date  from  the 
Colonel's  first  foreign  assignment  in 
May,  1914,  when  he  landed  in  Germany 
as  the  unofficial  envo}^  of  Mr.  Wilson 
with  a  mission  to  ward  oft'  the  storm 
that  broke  three  months  later.  Thence- 
forward Colonel  House  communed  with 
"priests,  prophets  and  kings"  unin- 
terruptedly until  the  Peace  of  Ver- 
sailles was  concluded,  1919.  He  cor- 
responded with  potentates  and  pre- 
miers on  terms  of  entire  Intimacy. 
His  letters  to  them,  and  theirs  to  him, 
are  of  a  character  that  induces  one 
who  has  had  access  to  the  collection 
to  assert  that  "until  it  is  permissible 
to  open  these  papers  to  the  public  it 
will  not  be  possible  to  write  a  real  his- 
tory of  the  world  war." 

A  "Lay"  Joan  of  Arc 

P^reigners  are  disposed  to  think  of 
the  French  Lay  schools  as  harmless  es- 
tablishments which  teach  reading',  writ- 
ing and  arithmetic,  merely  leaving  re- 
ligion out  of  the  curriculum.  The 
trouble  goes  deeper.  Not  only  is  the 
Catholic  faith  left  out,,  but  anti-Catho- 
lic ideas  are  brought  in.  Alarmed  at 
the  national  devotion  to  the  canonized 


Maid,  certain  lay  educationists,  through 
their  organ,  VEcole  Emancipee,  are 
commending  an  article  on  St.  Joan, 
said  to  have  been  written  by  a  com- 
rade "who  has  been  both  a  Catholic 
priest  and  a  Protestant  pastor."  This 
gentleman  with  the  wide  and  varied 
ecclesiastical  exjierieiice  says  that  St. 
Joan  did  not  die  at  the  stake.  Bishop 
Cauchon  himself  connived  at  her  es- 
cape and  shoved  into  her  place  a  sor- 
ceress who  had  been  lang-nishing  in 
prison.  After  hiding  for  three  years, 
the  Maid  openly  visited  both  Orleans 
and  Lorraine,  and  was  publicly  feasted. 
The  article  goes  on:  "This  is  not  all. 
Jeanne  afterwards  married  Messire  des 
Hormoises :  the  fact  is  historically  prov- 
ed. On  s'esi  irop  hate,  malgre  cinq 
cent  ans  de  reflexions,  cle  proclamer 
Jeanne  vierge  et  martyre.  Helas!  el'e 
n'est  pas  vierge,  celle  qui  a  eu  un  mari, 
des  enfants  et  peut-etre  oussi  des  am- 
ants." 

The  last  five  words  are  an  illuminat- 
ing example  of  the  lay  teachers'  pre- 
tence to  teach  history  dispassionately 
and  scientifically. 

Catholic  Study  of  World  Politics 

An  active  programme  of  educational 
work  along  the  lines  of  world  politics, 
to  enable  Catholics  to  express  them- 
selves better  in  questions  of  interna- 
tional problems,  has  been  started  by 
the  Catholic  Council  for  International 
Relations,  founded  in  London  last  June- 
The  Council  is  representative  of  both 
the  episcopate  and  the  Catholic  organi- 
zations of  England,  and  its  main  work 
is  to  act  in  conjunction  with  similar  as- 
sociations in  other  countries,  in  pro- 
moting the  programme  laid  down  by 
Pope  Pius  XI  in  his  plea  for  ' '  the  peace 
of  Christ  in  the  Kingdom  of  Christ." 


SfiS 


THE    FOlfTXIGTITLV    RKVIEW 


July  1 


In  i)ursiiiii,u'  this  ol)j('c1,  tlic  Council 
])la('es  ill  tile  first  rank  an  t'diicational 
(■aiiijiaiji'ii  to  secure  |)i-o|)er  recoouil  jon 
of  the  Holy  See  as  tlie  tlivinel\'-ai)- 
pointed  teacher  of  the  moral  law ;  and 
as  part  of  this  eampaion  a  series  of 
public  lectures  is  being  oiveu  in  Lou- 
don on  the  position  of  the  Holy  See. 
Already  the  Council  has  entered  into 
relations  with  Catholic  societies  doing 
the  same  work  in  other  countries. 

Controverted  Questions  Regarding 
the  Nicene  Council 

Apropos  of  our  recent  note  on  the 
sixteenth  centenary  of  the  Xicene  Coun- 
cil, a  reader  calls  our  attention  to  the 
fact  that  the  questions  who  called  that 
council  and  who  presided  at  it  are  not 
as  easily  answered  as  our  note  would 
seem  /to  indicate.  Pope  Sylvester 
could  not  come,  but  was  represented 
l)y  two  i)riests.  Probably  Hosius  of 
Cordova,  Avho  alone  signed  before  tlie 
two  legates,  presided. 

Dom  J.  Chapman,  0.  S.  B.,  a  first- 
rate  scholar,  in  his  booklet,  "The  First 
Eight  Councils  and  Papal  Infallibil 
ity, "  calls  attention  to  the  fact  that 
Gelasius  of  Cyzicus,  in  a  somewhat  my- 
thical history  of  the  Nicene  Council 
Avritten  150  years  later,  repeatedly  re- 
fers to  Hosius  as  president  and  repre- 
sentative of  the  Pope.  This  only  shows 
what  a  Greek  writer  a  quarter  of  a 
centur}'  after  the  (*ouncil  of  Chalce- 
don,  took  to  be  a  matter  of  course.  Dom 
Chapman  thinks  it  much  more  likely 
that  Constantine  named  Hosius  as 
president  and  the  bishops  were  glad 
to  agree. 

Did  the  Pope  solemnly  confirm  the 
Nicene  Council  ?  No  acts  remain,  and 
we  are  driven  to  conjecture.  Dora 
Chapman  thinks  that  no  papal  con 
firmation  was  ever  given  because  it 
was  a  matter  of  public  notoriety  that 
the  Pope  accepted  the  Council ;  but  had 
he  gone  fartlier  than  this,  had  he  is- 
sued a  letter  confirming  the  council, 
so  important  a  fact  A^ould  have  been 
frequently  mentioned  during  the  con- 
troversies of  the  next  fifty  years. 

Of  course,  the  question  at  issue  is 
merely    one    of    the    development    of 


Canon    Law;    no    \ital   j)rinciple    is   af- 
fected. 

Wax     Gloves     as     a     Proof     of     the 
Materialization    of    Spirirts 

At  an  exhibition  of  "objects  of  psy- 
chic interest"  held  in  London  May 
20  and  21,  in  connection  with  a  bazaar 
and  fete  of  the  London  Spiritualist  Al- 
liance, there  were  shown,  among  1400 
other  things,  as  Exhibit  No.  1,180, 
"three  Avax  gloves  obtained  from  ma- 
terialized spirit  hands."  Sir  Arthur 
Conan  Do^yle  told  the  story  of  them  to 
a  reporter  of  the  Morning  Post  (Maj^ 
20).  "A  year  ago,"  he  said,  "Dr. 
Charles  Richet,  Professor  of  Phjrsiology 
at  the  University  of  Paris,  with  Dr. 
Geley  and  the  Count  de  Grammont, 
made  the  test  with  the  aid  of  Franck 
Kluski,  a  Avell-known  medium.  A  spirit 
materialized  was  told  to  put  its  hands 
into  a  convenient  bucket  of  paraffin 
wax,  subsequently  to  put  its  dripping 
hand  on  the  table,  and  was  then  or- 
dered to  dematerialize.  The  spirit 
obeyed  all  the  instructions,  and  on  its 
disappearance  the  wax  cast  of  the  hand 
remained."  Sir  Arthur  produced  what 
he  stated  to  be  the  identical  cast,  and 
added  that  here,  definitely,  was  proof 
of  materialization. 

In  reality  such  wax  gloves  prove 
nothing  for  spirit  materialization, 
since  they  have  been  and  still  are  made 
by  impostors  in  a  perfectly  natural 
way.  Father  De  Heredia,  S.  J.,  ex- 
plains how  the  trick  is  done  and  has 
frequently  demonstrated  it  himself. 
If  Sir  Arthur  has  no  stronger  argu- 
ment for  his  belief  in  the  materializa- 
tion of  spirits,  his'  spiritistic  creed 
rests  on  fraud. 

The  Roman  Jubilee 

Under  the  title,  "The  Roman  Ju- 
bilee, History  and  Ceremonial"  (Sands 
&  Co.  and  B.  Herder  Book  Co.)  Father 
Herbert  Thurston,  S.  J.,  has  publish- 
ed an  abridged  edition  of  his  Avell- 
knoAvn  book,  "The  Holy  Year  of  .Ju- 
bilee," first  issued  in  1900.  The  mat- 
ter has  been  rearranged  and  brought 
up  to  date,  and  though  the  format  is 
smaller,  the  illustrations,  many  of 
which    are    reproductions    of   rare    old 


1925 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    EEVIEW 


269 


prints,  have  hardly  suffered  from  the 
reduction.  The  subject  is  pretty  fully 
covered  from  the  antiquarian,  historic- 
al, theological  and  devotional,  aspect. 
The  text  is  most  entertaining  and  con- 
tains several  remarks  of  a  nature  most 
salutary  to  Anglo-Saxon  pride.  Even 
the  London  Times  admits,  in  its  Liter- 
ary Supplement,  that  in  many  ways 
Rome  set  an  example  which  England 
would  have  done  well  to  follow  in  the 
days  of  the  Stuarts,  and  there  is  jus- 
tification for  the  claim  that  the  visits 
of  multitudes!  of  pilgrims  to  Rome  in 
successive  Holy  Years  must  have  had 
an  effect  in  humanizing  and  civilizing 
Europe. 

Father  Thurston  shows  that  the  pil- 
grims of  most  of  the  Holy  Yearsi  did 
little  to  fill  the  papal  coffers,  and  have, 
instead,  frequently  been  a  charge  up- 


on the  bounty  either  of  the  Pope  or  of 
the  Romans. 

There  is  a  curiously  modern  touch 
about  the  incident  recorded  in  1575, 
when  the  crowd  of  souvenir-hunters 
fought  so  fiercely  for  stones  from  the 
Holy  Door  that  six  persons  were 
trampled  to  death,  and  the  Pope  him- 
self was  unable  to  enter  the  Basilica 
for  more  than  half  an  hour  after  knock- 
ing with  his  golden  hammer.  The  ham- 
mer itself  was  often  given  to  some  great 
and  pious  personage,  and,  a  century 
ago,  it  was  bestowed  upon  the  luckless 
daughter  of  King  Louis  XVI,  who  had 
just  become  the  last  Dauphine  of 
France. 

The  only  Pope  who  reigned  long 
enough  to  have  opened  the  Holy  Door 
twice  was  fated  not  even  to  open  it 
once. 


The  Catholic  Press  Convention 


The  meeting  of  the  Catholic  Press 
Association  held  recently  in  St.  Louis 
was  marked  by  two  features  which  give 
joromise  of  greater  efficiency  in  that  or- 
ganization. For  a  number  of  years  the 
annual  conventions  of  the  Association, 
much  to  the  disappointment  of  its 
older  members  who  were  instrumental 
in  organizing  it  many  years  ago,  has 
been  devoted  to  matters  such  as  cir- 
culation, advertising,  and  similar  busi- 
ness aspects,  until  it  seemed  to  some  of 
u^i  that  the  real  purpose  of  the  Asso- 
ciation, to  promote  the  excellence  of 
the  Catholic  Press,  was  almost  lost  to 
view.  In  recent  years  there  have  been 
sig-ns  of  improvement  in  this  direction, 
but  never  were  they  more  conspicuous 
than  in  the  Convention  held  in  St. 
Louis  last  month.  Two  features  es- 
pecially should  be  taken  note  of,  first, 
the  action  of  Bishop  McDevitt  of  Har- 
risburg,  the  Chairman  of  the  Press  De- 
partment of  the  N.  C.  W,  C,  who  sub- 
mitted a  number  of  searching  questions 
calculated  to  probe  the  merits  and  use- 
fulness of  the  N,  C.  W,  C,  Press  Ser- 
vice, These  questions,  it  w^as  stated  by 
the  Chairman,  will  later  be  submitted 
to  the  editors  privately  in  writing  and 


their  answers  made  to  Bishop  McDevitt 
will  be  held  by  him  confidential,  being 
merely  for  his  own  information,  for  the 
purpose  of  making  his  report  to  the 
meeting  of  Archbishops  and  Bishops  in 
Washington  and  of  judging  in  what  re- 
spects the  N.  C.  W.  C.  Press  Service 
may  be  improved. 

This  is  an  important  step  which 
ought  to  result  in  furnishing  to  the 
members  of  the  Catholic  Press  just  the 
kind  and  character  of  press  service  that 
they  most  need.  The  Fortnightly 
Review  has  taken  occasion  more  than 
once  to  criticize  the  N.  C.  W.  C.  News 
Service,  and  we  trust  that  the  improve- 
ment to  be  brought  about  and  the  plan 
proposed  at  this  meeting  will  virtually 
obviate  all  necessity  of  any  such  stric- 
tures in  the  future.  Of  course,  the 
trend  to  uniformity  in  standardization 
which  a  common  press  service  gives, 
will  remain,  as  this  is  inevitable  and 
can  only  be  checked  by  the  initiative 
and  intelligence  of  the  individual  edit- 
ors who  use  the  service,  but  other  faults 
observed  by  many  in  this  pioneer  work 
will  in  this  manner  be  brought  to  the 
attention  of  the  proper  authorities  with 


270 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    EEVIEW 


Julv  1 


the  prospect  of  being  effectively  re- 
moved. 

The  second  feature  of  the  recent 
meeting  in  St.  Louis  which  promises  an 
improvement  in  the  Catholic  press  ap- 
pears in  the  spirit  of  self-criticism 
which  animated  its  members,  as  shown 
by  the  reception  of  the  paper  read  by 
one  of  its  members  on  "The  Catholic 
Press  from  an  Editorial  Standpoint." 
While  this  paper  has  not  been,  issued 
for  publication,  there  are  a  number  of 
points  in  it,  some  of  which  the  Fort- 
nightly Review  has  in  the  past 
brought  out,  which  may  be  very  well 
emphasized  at  this  time.  Among  them 
is  the  tendency  of  not  a  few  Catholic 
editors  to  regard  their  papers  as  a 
mere  means  of  business,  and  to  be  per- 
fectly satisfied  with  the  conduct  of 
their  papers  so  long  as  subscriptions 
increase  or  advertisers  do  not  with- 
draw their  patronage. 

Through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Elder 
we  are  enabled  to  print  the  salient  pas- 
sages of  his  address  on  "The  Catholic 
Weekly  from  an  Editorial  Standpoint" 
below : — 

The  Apostolate  of  the  Press  is  a  mat- 
ter of  readers,  rather  than  subscribers. 
The  noble  mission  of  the  Catholic  edit- 
or, of  which  anyone  may  justly  be 
proud,  is  to  reach  the  hearts  of  men 
and  to  win  them  to  a  greater  apprecia- 
tion and  love  for  the  truth  and  beauty 
of  our  holy  faith ;  and  to  do  that  he 
must  get  his  paper  read,  not  merely 
subscribed  for.  Numbers  of  persons 
who  buy  a  Catholic  paper  every  Sun- 
day at  the  church  door  never  glance  at 
it ;  many  others  who  subscribe  to  three 
or  four  Catholic  papers  seldom  read 
even  one  of  them.  Some  are  indifferent 
because  of  preconceived  notions,  but 
others  have  found  their  paper  unsatis- 
factory, on  one  score  or  another,  and 
while  they  keep  on  buying  it,  they  do 
not  read  it.  They  may  never  voice 
their  objection  to  the  editor,  but  they 
express  it  to  others,  and  in  the  great 
mission  of  the  Apostolate  of  the  Press, 
they  are  a  detriment  rather  than  a  help. 

You  may  be  thinking  that  the  sub- 
scriber who  does  not  read  and  the 
reader  who  does  not  make  know^n  to  the 


editor  his  objection,  are  themselves  at 
fault.  There  may  be  truth  in  that,  but 
it  is  not  important  to  us  as  we  can  only 
reach  our  own  faults  and  try  to  correct 
them.  So  I  propose,  if  you  will  bear 
with  me,  to  deal  very  frankly  with  some 
faults  that  we  ought  to  correct,  and 
thus  make  our  Catholic  weeklies  even 
better  and  more  attractive  than  they 
are. 

One  fault  is  that  of  considering  our 
Catholic  weeklies  as  newspapers  in  the 
modern  sense  of  the  term.  In  these 
days  no  paper  published  but  once  a 
week  can  fairly  be  considered  a  news- 
paper. At  the  pace  the  world  is  going 
anything  more  than  twenty-four  hours 
old  is  not  news,  but  history.  It  only 
makes  us  appear  ridiculous,  according 
to  my  view,  to  assume  that  we  are  eon- 
ducting  a  newspaper,  and  especially 
when  we  resent  the  attitude  of  those 
who  do  not  regard  us  in  that  light.  I 
have  in  mind  comments  which  appear 
from  time  to  time  in  some  of  our  week- 
lies condemning  the  editors  of  daily 
papers,  even  denouncing  them  as  bigots, 
because  they  do  not  extend  to  our 
editors  all  the  courtesies  of  the  news- 
paper fraternity. 

In  an  effort  to  give  ourselves  the  ap- 
pearance of  a  newspaper  we  often 
play  up  false  values,  and  by  position, 
headlines  and  streamers  create  the  im- 
pression that  something  eventful  has 
happened,  when  perhaps  by  the  time 
the  paper  has  reached  its  destination 
the  incident  has  proved  to  be  the  merest 
ripple  in  the  boundless  sea  of  human 
aff'airs.  A  subscriber  gets  his  paper, 
opens  it,  sees  the  undue  prominence 
given  to  a  matter  which  he  has  already 
dismissed,  and  reads  no  further.  Next 
week  he  may  not  even  open  his  paper. 

Another  fault  appears  in  our  treat- 
ing foreign  events  as  if  they  were  more 
important  or  more  interesting  than  lo- 
cal events.  Just  as  a  weekly  paper 
cannot  be  a  newspaper  in  the  modern 
sense,  so  a  diocesan  paper  cannot  be  a 
national  paper.  What  is  more  out  of 
place  than  to  see  a  paper  placing  on  its 
front  page  a  two-column  double  head 
article  about  some  passing  e^^ent  in 
Haiti,  while  it  relegates  to  some  ob- 


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THE    FOETXIGHTLY    EEVIEW 


271 


scure  place  the  mention  of  events  tliat 
■\voiild  be  of  great  interest  to  its  sub- 
scribers? We  can,  of  course,  be  too 
13arochial.  We  should  be  interested  in 
our  fellow-Catholics  in  every  part  of 
the  world ;  but  with  all  that  considered, 
I  think  we  make  a  mistake  when  we 
overlook  the  fact  that  we  are  running 
a  diocesan  paper.  It  has  been  sug- 
gested that  we  have  too  many  papers, 
and  one  for  each  archdiocese  would  be 
sufficient.  I  do  not  agree  with  that 
view.  A  diocese  without  a  paper  is  in- 
articulate and  must  lose  something  of 
its  autonomy  of  expression.  It  is  neces- 
sary to  have  our  national  weeklies,  and 
those  that  we  have  are  excellent,  but  in- 
stead of  thinking  of  doing  away  with 
our  diocesan  papers,  let  us  think  how 
to  improve  them,  so  that  they  will 
faithfully  reflect  the  spirit  and  the 
mind  of  the  Church  and  be  read  by 
ever  increasing  numbers,  thus  proving 
a  true  auxiliary  to  the  pulpit  and  the 
school  in  portraying  to  our  people  the 
wealth  and  beauty  of  their  Catholic 
estate. 

Another  fault  appears  when  we 
imagine  that  the  object  of  a  Catholic 
paper  is  to  preach  to  non-Catholics,  or 
about  them.  Our  papers  are  published 
for  Catholics ;  the  number  of  non- 
Catholics  who  read  them  is  insignifi- 
cant, and  it  is  wasted  effort  to  be  speak- 
ing through  Catholic  papers  to  our  sep- 
arated friends,  warning  of  the  evils 
that  threaten  them,  condemning  the 
errors  they  believe,  or  indulging  our- 
selves at  the  expense  of  their  religious 
views.  Well-bred  people  do  not  dis- 
cuss the  views  of  their  neighbors  which 
do  not  affect  themselves.  The  religious 
views  of  our  separated  friends  but 
rarely  affect  us,  and  they  should  be  but 
rarel.y  mentioned  in  papers  which  are 
published  for  our  own  people. 

What  our  Catholic  people  want  to 
know  is  not  the  faults  of  their  neigh- 
bor's religion,  but  the  truths  of  their 
own  faith,  the  history  of  the  Church, 
the  lives  of  our  Catholic  men  and  wo- 
men who  by  their  service  to  God  and 
their  fellowmen  have  contributed  to 
the  advancement  of  civilization.  What 
they  want  to  know  is  all  the  multi- 


tudinous ways  in  which  the  teachings 
of  the  Church  can  help  them  to  achieve 
greater  peace  and  happiness,  both  here 
and  hereafter.  This  is  the  mission  of 
the  Catholic  press,  not  talking  about 
our  separated  friends  and  their  doings, 
which  cannot  enlarge  our  vision  or  fill 
our  hearts  with  sentiments  of  kindness 
and  love. 

On  the  contrary,  when  we  begin  to 
talk  about  our  neighbors,  it  is  difficult 
not  to  offend  against  charity  and  lose 
some  of  the  fineness  of  the  soul.  The 
Catholic  editor  enjoys  a  sacred  trust, 
a  part  of  which  is  character  building. 
Xo  one  who  reads  what  he  writes  is 
unaffected  by  it ;  nay,  his  influence 
reaches  beyond  his  readers,  to  those 
with  whom  they  come  in  contact,  and 
hence  his  words  put  down  in  cold  type 
have  an  unmeasureable  power  for  good 
or  ill.  Truth,  beauty,  goodness,  love, 
are  his  hand-maidens.  But  truth  is 
not  learned  through  a  recital  of  errors ; 
beauty  is  not  pictured  by  a  description 
of  views  that  are  ugly ;  goodness  is  not 
taught  by  an  exposure  of  acts  that  are 
bad ;  and  love  is  not  kindled  in  the 
heart  by  showing  how  some  people  hate 
and  revile  their  neighbors.  Is  it  not 
enough  that  Catholics  know  that  these 
evils  exist  in  the  world,  without  all  the 
details  being  set  out  and  repeated  over 
and  over'  again,  like  some  dark  angel 
dripping  poison  into  the  soul?  .... 

Catholic  editors  always  should  bear 
in  mind,  first,  that  they  are  writing  for 
Catholics ;  second,  everything  they 
write  is  scanned  hy  a  hostile  eye  and 
they  must  say  nothing  that  can  be  hon- 
estly criticized  for  its  lack  of  truth  or 
its  lack  of  charit}'. 

The  first  point  may  be  somewhat 
amplified.  AVhile  the  Catholic  editor 
writes  for  Catholics  only,  he  should 
write  for  all  Catholics  alike,  not 
preferring  one  race  to  another, 
or  one  section  to  another,  or  one 
organization  or  group  to  another. 
His  paper,  if  it  is  to  be  Catholic,  must 
be  Catholic.'  It  cannot  claim  to  be  a 
Catholic  paper  if  it  is  a  personal  or- 
gan or  the  organ  of  any  group.  The 
editor's  personal  views  on  any  subject, 
should  he  wish  to  express  them,  should 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


July  1 


be  set  apart  from  his  main  editorial  de- 
partment and  be  over  his  name  to  char- 
acterize them  as  his  own  views.  To 
make  no  distinction  between  his  per- 
sonal views  and  Catholic  teaching  is 
to  abuse  the  trust  that  he  enjoys  as 
a  Catholic  editor.    St.  Paul  set  the  ex- 


ample in  his  letter  to  the  Corinthians, 
where  he  distinguished  his  own  coun- 
sel from  the  commandment  of  Christ. 
Surely,  then,  a  Catholic  editor  should 
disting^uish  what  he  is  saying  himself 
from  what  the  Church  teaches. 


The  Revolutionary  Movement,  Secret  Societies,   and  the 
Cult  of  Humanity 

By   Robert   R.    Hull,    Huntington,    Ind. 


IT 


In  the  background  of  the  whole  rev- 
olutionary movement  Mrs.  Webster  sees 
the  sinister  form  of  Adam  Weishaupt, 
who,  in  the  eighteenth  century,  delib- 
erately resolved  upon  the  overthrow  of 
all  order  by  placing]  his  "insinuating 
brethren"  wherever  they  could  do  ef- 
fective work.  The  Illuminati  are  not, 
as  some  pretend,  a  myth.  Although 
suppressed  by  the  Bavarian  govern- 
ment in  1786,  the  order  has  not  ceas- 
ed to  exist,  and  was  officially  revived 
in  1880.  Prominent  anarchists,  such  as 
Bakunin,  were  members  of  "the  insin- 
uating brothers,"  whose  organization 
has  almost  unlimited  possibilities,  be- 
cause of  its  system  of  "concealed  su- 
periors. ' '  Should  the  snake,  be  scotch- 
ed in  one  place,  it  becomes  active  in 
another,  because  the  head  of  the  order 
cannot  be  reached.  Moreover,  there 
are  also  the  subversives  who,  without 
offering  any  remedy  or  the  remotest 
semblance  of  a  constructive  plan,  pro- 
pose merely  to  destroy. 

Revolutionists  professi  high  ideals. 
If  one  is  to  believe  them,  they  are  al- 
truists of  the  purest  water.  In  the  in- 
terests of  their  Jacobin  programme 
they  have  such  slogans  as  "Interests 
of  the  State ;"  "Liberty,  Equality,  Fra- 
ternity;" "Law  and  Order;"  "Pro- 
gress," and  other  catch  phrases.  Rob- 
espierre was  strong  for  "Law  and  Or- 
der," and  the  Catholic  Vendee  was 
laid  Avaste  in  order  that  the  Jacobin 
ideal  might  triumph.  And,  what  is 
very  significant,  the  Jacobins  of  the 
eighteenth  century  also  professed  that 
"children  belong  to  the   State  before 


they  belong  to  their  parents. ' '  There  is 
a  correspondence,  in  almost  every  de- 
tail, between  the  programme  of  the  men 
of  the  Terror  and  the  programme  of 
those  who  backed  the  Oregon  anti-paro- 
chial-school law.  All  revolutionists 
profess  their  belief  in  the  perfectibility 
of  man.  In  the  interests  of  their  ar- 
tificial plan  they  do  not  hesitate  to  guil- 
lotine a  million  or  two  of  "aristo- 
crats." If  the  sangneclucts  are  not 
large  enough  to  carry  away  the  blood, 
they  will  build  larger  o]ies.  If  the 
rate  of  the  common  guillotine  is  too 
slow,  they  will  provide  a  machine  that 
can  slay  victims  by  the  wholesale. 

Sometimes  the  revolutionists  vary 
their  idolatrous  worship  of  "evolu- 
tion" and  "progress"  by  professions  of 
their  purpose  to  restore  "the  primitive 
happiness  of  mankind."  Our  civiliza- 
tion, they  say,  is  ' '  artificial. ' '  It  would 
be  better  to  return  to  a  primitive  com- 
munal state,  which  is  imagined  to  have 
been  the  first  condition  of  human  so- 
ciety, wherein  all  inequalities  were  ad- 
justed. To  this  end,  Robespierre  and 
his  associates  set  out  to  realize  their 
programme  of  depopulation.  The  pop- 
ulation of  France  was  to  be  reduced  to 
three  or  five  millions. 

At  the  same  time  it  should  be  re- 
membered that  all  such  suggestions  and 
standards  of  Jacobin  ' '  perfection, ' '  of- 
fered by  revolutionists  for  the  reshap- 
ing and  fashioning  of  mankind,  are 
only  means  to  the  end.  The  primary 
motive  can  be  summed  up  in  one  word : 
lust.  Said  Danton  on  his  way  to  the 
guillotine  :    ' '  What  matter  if  I  die  ?    I 


1925 


THE    FOKTXIGHTLY    EEVIEW 


273 


have  enjoj'ed  myself  in  the  Revolu- 
tion; I  have  spent  well,  caroused  vs^ell, 
caressed  many  women ;  let  us  sleep  ! ' ' 
Civilization  has  repressed  the  ''natural 
instincts"  of  the  degenerate.  He,  there- 
fore, wishes  to  overturn  civilization  in 
order  that  he  may  enjoy  all  sensual 
pleasures.  Theft,  and  even  cannibal- 
ism, olfer  delights  which  men  should 
have  the  opportunity  of  enjoying  be- 
cause of  the  rare  emotions  which  must 
necessarily  attend  them  I  "Our  Social 
institutions,"  wrote  Brissot,  who  had 
been  imprisoned  for  theft,  "punish 
theft — a  virtuous  action  commanded  by 
Nature  herself. ' '  Again  :  ' '  Should  men 
nourish  themselves  on  their  kind?  A 
single  word  decides  this  question,  and 
this  word  is  dictated  by  Nature  herself. 
All  beings  have  the  right  to  nourish 
themselves  in  any  manner  that  will  sat- 
isfy their  needs. ' '  The  doctrine  of  Nat- 
uralism, although  its  consequences 
may  be  denied,  is  very  commonly  met 
to-day.  The  psychoanalysts  of  the 
Freudian  "school  treat  man  as  no  bet- 
ter than  an  animal  and  teach  that  the 
cause  of  his  aberrations  are  the  inhibi- 
tions of  civilized  society. 

Moreover,  the  typical  revolutionist, 
although  he  forever  protests  against 
the  powers  that  are,  is,  among  his  fel- 
lows, a  despot  of  the  deepest  dye.  He 
will  brook  no  opposition  whatever,  so 
keen  is  his  jealousy  and  thirst  for 
power.  Simple  avarice  will  account 
for  much.  The  revolutionist  may  flay 
the  "plutocrat,"  and  cause  his  audi- 
ence to  shed  tears  over  the  downtrod- 
den condition  of  the  lazzaroni; — but 
saying  is  not  doing.  He  leads  a  life  of 
luxury,  wherever  possible,  and  does  not 
hesitate  to  line  his  own  pockets  at  the 
expense  of  the  people,  wdienever  he 
comes  into  power.  Thus,  Obregon  and 
Calles,  professed  agrarians,  own  large 
haciendas  and  have  managed  to  elude 
the  letter  of  the  law  by  acquiring  their 
properties  in  small  tracts. 

But  the  overthrow  of  Christianity  is 
the  chief  desire  of  the  revolutionists, 
since  the  religion  of  Jesus  is  a  constant 
rebuke  to  their  programme  of  lust  and 
plunder.  Their  writers  pretend  that 
Christianity  is  a  pagan  derivation.    Es- 


pecially do  the  Theosophists  urge  this 
theor}'  to  account  for  its  origin.  Yet 
it  is  quite  common  for  revolutionists  to 
appropriate  Christ  Himself,  where  they 
hesitate  to  openly  attack  His  religion. 
They  Avill  say  that  He  was  "the  first 
Communist"  and  contrast  the  "riches 
of  the  priesthood"  with  His  poverty. 
Above  all  they  cannot  bear  the  idea 
that  Christ  is  a  king.  So  they  will 
shout  that  He  "is  a  revolutionist"  like 
themselves;  and  this  pretension  may 
be  carried  to  such  lengths,  as  in  Mexi- 
co, that  Catholic  young  men  are  thrown 
into  jail  because  they  carry  a  banner 
inscribed  in  honor  of  "Christ  the 
King,"  or  the  revolutionists,  quoting 
the  statement  of  their  leader  that 
"Christ  was  a  Communist,"  attempt 
to  compel  a  Catholic  bishop  to  renounce 
the  faith.  Meanwhile,  the  revolution- 
ists will  always  encourage  any  pacifist 
portraiture  of  Christ;  for  all  whom 
they  can  persuade  to  take  Christ  as 
their  example  of  non-resistance,  will 
not  offer  resistance  to  the  revolutionists 
when  they  set  up  their  dictatorship. 

It  goes  without  saying  that  the  typ- 
ical revolutionist  believes,  not  in  Chris- 
tianity of  any  sort,  but  rather  in  Posi- 
tivism, "the  religion  of  humanity." 
He  rejects  God  made  Man,  preferring 
to  support  any  man  who  may  deify 
himself.  Mrs.  Webster,  speaking  of 
this  phase  of  the  Revolutionary  move- 
ment, says: 

"And  what  has  brought  the  world 
to  this  pass?  Humanity!  That  all- 
wise,  all-virtuous  abstraction  that  needs 
no  light  from  Heaven.  Humanity  that 
was  to  take  the  place  of  God ! ' ' 

AFTER     PAYING     A     VISIT     TO     THE 
GROTTE  DE  HAN* 


By  Charles  J.   Quirk,  S.  J. 

Startled  I  should  have  been,  but  not  surprised 
to  see, 
Within   those  vast  fantastic  chambers  far 
below, 
Eaven  above  his  head,  his  hands  clasped  on 
his  knee, 
The  sad  pale  wraith  of  Edgar  Allen  Poe! 

*The  Grotto  of  Han,  situated  near  the  little 
town  of  Eochefort  in  Belgium,  ranks,  because 
of  its  wild  and  weird  beauty,  among  the 
marvels  of   the  world. 


274 


THE    FOETXIGHTLY    REA^EW 

"The  Tennessee  Case" 

By  Benedict  Elder 


July  1 


The  agitation  over  the  impending 
trial  to  test  the  A'alidity  of  the  so-called 
anti-evolution  law  of  Tennessee  is 
marked  by  a  degree  of  confusion  sel- 
dom "witnessed.  It  is  said  on  the  one 
hand  that  Religion  is  on  trial,  and  on 
the  other  hand  that  Science  is  on  trial. 
Some  contend  that  liberty  of  thought 
is  at  stake,  others  that  the  truth  of  the 
Bible  is  denied,  still  others  that  the 
fundamentals  of  Christian  teaching  are 
put  at  issue  in  the  trial.  It  is  said 
that  the  Oregon  case  lately  decided  by 
the  Supreme  Court  and  this  Tennessee 
case  are  parallel,  each  involving  the 
rights  of  parents  as  against  the  State  to 
direct  the  education  of  their  children. 
Those  who  uphold  the  law  advance  di- 
vers, arguments,  oftentimes  inconsist- 
ent with  each  other.  Those  who  oppose 
it  likewise  base  their  opposition  on 
grounds  that  are  often  irreconcilable. 

What  is  the  real  issue  in  the  case? 
First,  it  is  whether  or  not  the  defend- 
ant taught  in  the  public  high  school 
of  Dayton  a  theory  of  evolution  that 
denies  the  account  of  Creation  related 
in  the  Bible  and  affirms  that  the  origin 
of  man  is  derived  from  the  lower  ani- 
mals. Unless  it  is  admitted  or  proved 
that  the  defendant  taught  such  a 
theory  of  evolution  in  the  public  school, 
there  is  no  case  against  him,  and  there 
can  be  no  test  as  to  the  validity  of  the 
law.  Once  it  is  admitted  or  proved 
that  the  defendant  taught  in  the  public 
school  a  theory  of  evolution  which  de- 
nies the  account  of  Creation  related  in 
the  Bible  and  affirms  that  man  derives 
his  origin  from  the  lower  animals,  the 
validity  of  the  law  forbidding  such 
teaching  in  the  public  school  becomes 
an  issue. 

In  determining  this  issue,  neither 
the  truth  of  evolution  nor  the  truth  of 
the  Bible  is  a  pertinent  question ; 
neither  the  teachings  of  religion  nor 
the  postulates  of  science  are  pertinent ; 
neither  liberty  of  thought  nor  freedom 
of  education  is  at  stake.  The  rights 
of  parents  as  against  the  State  to  di- 


rect the  education  of  their  children 
are  not  directly  involved,  and  where 
indirectly  involved,  they  bear  as  much 
in  favor  of  the  law  as  against  it. 

The  real  question  involved  is  this : 
What  authority  shall  determine  the  in- 
struction to  be  imparted  in  the  public 
schools  ?  It  is  only  in  the  public  schools 
that  instructors  are  prohibited  by  the 
Tennessee  law  from  teaching  a  certain 
theory  of  evolution.  The  law  does  not 
forbid  anyone  to  teach  any  theory  of 
evolution  or  any  theory  contrary  to  the 
Biblical  account  of  Creation  in  a  pri- 
vate school,  in  a  public  hall,  in  a 
church,  or  on  the  streets, — anywhere 
except  in  the  public  schools. 

Whether  or  not  it  is  expedient  that 
the  legislature  prohibit  public  school 
instructors  from  teaching  a  theory  that 
denies  the  Biblical  account  of  Creation 
and  affirms  that  man  derives  his  origin 
from  the  lower  animals,  may  be  a  ques- 
tion ;  but  it  is  a  question  for  the  legis- 
lature to  determine,  provided  the  legis-^ 
lature  has  authority  to  regulate  teach- 
ing in  the  public  schools. 

But  someone  must  have  authority  to 
regulate  teaching  in  the  public  schools. 
To  have  one  public  instructor  teaching 
one  thing  and  another  public  instructor 
teaching  the  contrary,  whether  in  the 
field  of  biology  or  in  another  field, 
Avould  be  ridiculous.  The  matter  of 
Avhat  is  or  is  not  to  be  taught  in  pub- 
lic schools  may  not  be  left  to  the  teach- 
ers alone,  for  the  simple  reason  that 
they  do  not  agree.  For  the  same  rea- 
son it  may  not  be  left  to  the  parents, 
or  to  the  various  school  boards,  or  to 
the  numerous  superintendents,  as  they 
could  not  all  agree. 

Aside  from  any  point  of  propriety 
or  any  question  of  harmonizing  our  in- 
stitutions with  democratic  principles, 
the  only  practical  agency  for  determin- 
ing) Avhat  is  or  is  not  to  be  taught  in 
the  public  schools  on  subjects  about 
which  there  is  dispute,  is  the  legisla- 
ture. The  forum,  therefore,  for  deter- 
mining  the   propriety   of  the   law   of 


1925 


THE    FOETXIGHTLY    EEVIEW 


275 


Tennessee  was  in  the  legislature.  The 
discussions  going  on  in  the  newspapers 
and  magazines  may  be  proper  to  lay 
the  groundwork  for  influencing  the 
next  legislature  to  repeal  or  modify  the 
law,  but  they  can  have  no  bearing  on 
the  validity  of  the  law  as  it  stands, 
unless  we  go  to  the  extreme  of  saying 
that  the  State  legislature  has  no  au- 
thority to  regulate  the  teaching  to  be 
imparted  in  the  public  schools. 

Incidentally,  it  is  notable  that  the  au- 
thority of  the  legislature  to  prohibit 
the  teaching  of  certain  languages  in 
the  public  schools  has  never  been  ques- 
tioned ;  its  power  to  prohibit  the  teach- 
ing of  certain  Socialistic  principles 
has  never  been  questioned ;  its  author- 
it.v  to  prohibit  the  teaching  of  religion 
in  the  public  schools  has  never  been 
questioned ;  it  is  rather  difficult,  there- 
fore, to  appreciate  the  intense  spirit 
of  animosit.y  displayed  by  the  public 
press  in  general  toward  the  act  of  the 
Tennessee  legislature  in  prohibiting 
the  teaching  in  the  public  schools  of  a 
theory  that  denies  the  Biblical  account 
of  creation  and  affirms  that  man  de- 
rives his  origin  from  the  lower  animals. 

Doctor  Johnson  once.,  said  that  we 
should  strive  to  rid  our  minds  of  cant. 
If  we  all  heeded  this  injunction,  there 
Avould  be  much  less  said. about  the  so- 
called  conflict  between  Science  and  Re- 
ligion, or  between  facts  ascertained  by 


scientific  research  and  what  is  related  in 
the  Bible. 

The  truth  is,  so  many  of  our  public 
writers  utterly  confound  the  right  to 
teach  with  the  right  to  learn.  The 
right  to  teach  is  a  restricted  right,  not 
.only  in  principle,  but  in  practice.  It 
is  restricted  to  those  who  have  shown 
their  competence  to  teach  what  they 
propose  to  teach.  In  short,  one  has  a 
right  to  teach  the  truth  only.  There 
can  be  no  right  to  teach  falsehood. 
One  can  have  the  right  ta  teach  only 
what  one  knows,  and  not  what  one  does 
not  knoAV.  But  it  is  admitted  by  all 
accredited  scientists  that  they  do  not 
know,  and  cannot  affirm  as  a  fact,  that 
man  derives  his  origin  from  the  lower 
animals.  Hence,  none  can  have  the 
right  to;  teach  as  a  fact  that  man  de- 
rives his  origin  from  the  lower  animals. 
It  is  admitted  by  all  agnostics  that  they 
do  not  know  the  things  on  which  they 
predicate  their  agnosticism.  Hence, 
none  has  the  right  to  teach  agnostic 
views. 

At  least,  none  has  the  right  to  ask 
the  State  to  tax  the  people  to  furnish  a 
school  building  and  pay  him  a  salary 
and  compel  the  attendance  of  the  chil- 
dren of  Christian  parents  in  order  that 
he  might  teach  them  what  he  does  not 
know  about  God  and  what  he  cannot 
affirm  as  a  fact  about  the  origin  of  man. 


Why  Catholic  Fraternal  Societies  Have  Had  to  Raise  Their   Rates 


Our  Catholic  fraternal  societies  have 
been  subject  to  a  great  deal  of  criticism 
for  raising  the  assessment  rates  to  be 
paid  by  their  members.  The  root  of 
the  trouble  lies  in  the  fact  that  all  fra- 
ternal societies  organized  thirty  or 
more  years  ago  established  contribution 
rates  based  on  guesswork  rather  than 
sound  business  principles.  The  found- 
ers were  undoubtedly  honest.  The  high 
rates  charged  by  the  "old  line"  com- 
panies and  the  coldbloodedness  of  ' '  old 
line ' '  insurance  contracts,  coupled  with 
the  desire  to  organize  for  mutual  aid 
in  sickness  and  death,  prompted  the  es- 
tablishment of  these  societies.    The  ma- 


jority of  them  started  with  a  plan  that 
called  for  a  contribution  of  $1  at  the 
death  of  a  member.  The  beneficiary 
was  to  receive,  and  did  receive,  $1  for 
each  member  that  contributed  whenever 
an  assessment  was  levied.  This  w^as  a 
simple  and  an  honest  plan,  but  those 
who  adopted  it  failed  to  realize  that, 
as  they  grew  older,  the  death  rate 
would  increase  correspondingly  with 
their  ages  and  eventually  the  last  mem- 
ber would  have  to  pay  his  own  death 
loss.  The  science  of  life  insurance  was 
not  well  understood  in  those  days  and 
the  pioneers  had  to  learn  by  experience. 


k 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


July  1 


A  society  composed  of  selected  risks 
can  operate  up  to  twenty-five  years  at 
very  low  contribution  rates,  but  if  these 
rates  of  assessment  are  not  based  on 
a  tried  and  tested  mortality  table, 
troubles  will  begin  to  lodm  up.  The 
old  fallacy  that  a  constant  infusion  of 
"new  blood''  would  keep  a  society 
alive  indefinitely,  has  long  ago  been 
disproved.  "While  it  is  true  that  hun- 
dreds of  thousands  of  families  have 
been  protected  by  our  fraternal  socie- 
ties at  ridiculously  low  contribution 
rates,  those  that  have  survived  and 
reached  the  older  ages,  are  "holding 
the  bag."  Of  late  years  the  diiferent 
State  legislatures  have  taken  a  hand  in 
bringing  about  a  stricter  regulation  of 
fraternal  societies,  and  one  of  these 
regulations  provides,  in  thirty-six 
States,  that  no  new  society  can  be  or- 
ganized unless  it  starts  off  with  at  least 
500  selected  insurance  risks  and  that 
the  contribution  rates  must  be  in  keep- 
ing vith  an  accepted  and  standard  mor- 
tality table.  These  same  thirty-six 
States  have  been  after  the  existing  so- 
cieties to  place  themselves  on  a  solid 
and  substantial  basis  or  discontinue  op- 
erations. AVhat  is  known  as  the  New 
York  Conference  Bill  has  been  put  into 
force  and  effect  in  most  of  these  States 
and  will  undoubtedly  soon  become  a 
law  in  all  the  States.  This  law  was 
carefully  worked  out  by  insurance  ac- 
tuaries and  commissioners  and  trained 
fraternal  insurance  leaders. 

What  has  been  the  result  ?  This  can 
best  be  illustrated  by  assuming  the  case 
of  a  society  with  5000  members  which 
adopts  adequate  rates  for  all  new  mem- 
bers. 7000  new  members  join  and  pay 
correct  rates.  After  these  7000  have 
been  contributing  at  correct  rates  for, 
say  ten  years,  they  have  not  only  been 
paying  the  current  cost  of  their  insur- 
ance, but  they  have  created  a  reserve. 
To  accomplish  this  it  Avas  necessary  for 
them  to  pa}^  more  than  the  current  cost, 
in  order  that  in  later  years,  when  the 
death  rate  increased  with  the  age  of  the 
meml)ers,  the  reserve  fund  could  be 
added  to  the  level  rates  and  thus  insure 
for  the  beneficiaries  100  cents  on  the 
dollar  called  for  bv  their  certificates. 


The  other  5000  members,  who  composed 
the  membership  of  the  society  when  the 
new  rates  were  adopted,  did  not  adjust 
their  own  finances.  Even  though  they 
tliemselves,  by  adopting  higher  rates 
for  new  members,  confessed  that  their 
own  rates  were  not  high  enough,  yet 
they  decided  to  put  oft'  the  day  of  reck- 
oning. 

When  this  day  of  reckoning  came, 
what  happened  .'  The  7000  members  who 
were  i)aying  correct  rates  saw  their  re- 
serves endangered.  The  contributions 
they  liad  paid,  which  Avere  sufficient  to 
carry  them  for  life  without  change, 
Avere  being  used  up  by  the  5000  older 
members  who  had  refused  to  contrib- 
ute their  just  and  honest  share.  It 
was  then  decided  that  all  members 
must  be  placed  on  an  equal  basis,  that 
the  5000  must  pay  tlieir  honest  contri- 
butions for  the  protection  promised, 
and  that  it  was  Avrong  for  them  to  ab- 
sorb the  reserves  of  the  7000  younger 
members  and  thus  throw  the  whole  or- 
ganization into  bankruptcy.  New  so- 
cieties liad  been  organized  in  the  mean- 
time. The  "old  line"  insurance  com- 
panies had  modified  their  rates  and  in- 
creased their  selling  agencies,  and  the 
young  men  argued  thus:  "If  $1.50 
per  month  will  pay  my  insurance  and 
create  an  adequate  reserve,  then  it  is 
the  society's  duty  to  keep  this  re- 
serve for  me,  and  if  the  society  refuses 
to  do  this,  I  will  not  join,  or  if  I  have 
already  joined,  I  will  drop  out  and  take 
insurance  in  some  other  institution 
that  will  protect  my  interest. ' ' 

The  day  of  reckoning,  therefore,  had 
come  and,  be  it  said  to  the  everlasting 
credit  of  the  majority  of  our  Catholic 
fraternal  societies,  they  were  among  the 
first  to  make  an  honest  and  equitable 
adjustment.  In  the  above-mentioned 
society  the  5000  older  members,  by 
patching  their  rates,  had  created  a 
small  surplus.  This  surplus  had  been 
earning  interest  and  thus  had  been  ma- 
terially increased  over  and  above  the 
amount  they  had  paid  in.  Good  busi- 
ness, and,  what  is  more,  honesty  dic- 
tated to  the  leaders  of  this  Catholic 
society  that  these  5000  members  were 
entitled  to  every  penny  of  this  surplus, 


1925 


THE    FOETXIGHTLY    EEVIEW 


augmented  br  the  interest  received 
thereon,  as  represented  in  the  assets. 
This  was  their  monej',  and  it  was  the 
duty  of  the  society  to  see  to  it  that  an 
equitable  distribution  of  it  was  made. 
But  the  society  went  a  step  farther. 
Under  actuarial  supervision  it  discover- 
ed that  the  younger  men  had  not  only 
created  their  own  reserve,  but  through 
careful  investment  of  the  funds  and 
otherwise  an  additional  amount  had 
been  earned,  and  it  magnanimously  de- 
cided to  turn  this  over  to  the  fund  cre- 
ated by  the  5000  older  members.  The 
total  amount  created  by  these  older 
members,  augmented  b}'  the  extra  re- 
serve of  the  young  men,  represented  all 
that  the  society  owned.  It  was  turned 
over  to  the  5000  pro  rata  in  the 
way  of  credits.  But  after  dividing  it 
among  5000  it  was  found  that  the  al- 
lotment did  not  materially  aid  anyone 
of  them. 

There  were  just  two  courses  that  the 
society  could  follow.  One  was  to  con- 
tinue using  up  the  reserves  of  those 
who  were  paying  the  correct  rate  and 
thus  prolonging  the  life  of  the  society 
for  a  period  of  ten  years  at  the  utmost ; 
the  other  was  to  give  to  each  member 
every  penny  that  belonged  to  him.  The 
above-mentioned  society  chose  the  lat- 
ter mode,  and  when  the  smoke  of  bat- 
tle cleared  away,  the  older  members 
were  given  the  choice  of  either  joining 
a  new  class  and  taking  with  them  into 
this  class  their  share  of  the  assets, 
which  would  reduce  their  naturally 
very  high  contributions  at  their  at- 
tained ages,  or  of  using  up  their  whole 
share  of  the  assets  by  continuing  to 
pay  their  old  inadequate  rate  for  a 
stipulated  number  of  j'ears.  In  either 
case  it  meant  a  decided  hardship,  and 
for  a  few  it  meant  the  abandonment  of 
their  certificate  or  a  very  material  re- 
duction of  their  insurance,  in  order 
that,  at  their  advanced  age  and  with  a 
low  earning  power,  they  could  retain 
at  least  part  of  their  insurance.  Very 
few  of  these  old  members  ever  took 
the  trouble  to  study  the  problem,  but 
most  of  them  assumed  an  attitude  of 
"I  don't  care  where  the  money  comes 
from,  but  my  rate  must  not  be  raised. 


I  joined  the  society  in  good  faith.  I 
was  made  to  believe  that  I  would  be 
protected  at  the  same  rate  until  I  died. 
The  officers  of  this  society  are  robbers. 
Their  salaries  are  too  high.  That's 
why  we  are  raised."  The  truth  of  the 
matter  is  that  none  of  our  Catholic 
fraternals  ever  use  a  penny  of  the  mor- 
tuary contributions  of  the  members  to 
pay  salaries  or  other  expenses,  and  the 
salaries  of  the  officers  had  absolutely 
nothing  to  do  with  the  chang'^e  in  rates. 
I'hose  of  the  members  who  had  chosen 
to  continue  at  their  old  ridiculously  low 
rate  until  their  whole  share  of  the  as- 
sets had  been  used  up,  were  finally  con- 
fronted with  the  identical  condition 
that  existed  when  they  first  joined  the 
society,  namely,  they  had  to  pay  the 
current  cost  of  their  insurance,  not  a 
penny  more.  Wlien  they  joined,  the 
current  cost  was  $1  per  death  per  mem- 
ber. "When  the  society  was  young,  the 
death  rate  was  low;  but  now%  in  old 
age,  the  death  rate  is  high,  nay,  almost 
prohibitive.  Still  many  of  these  old 
members  may  recall  that  they  were 
called  upon  to  pay  for  as  many  as  ten 
deaths,  making  the  contribution  $10  in 
one  month,  and  this  at  a  time  when  they 
were  comparatively  young.  This  was 
one  of  the  things  that  prompted  the 
society  to  change  from  the  current  cost 
method  to  a  level  rate. 


Catholics   and   the  Woodmen 

The  incompetent  v:ay  in  which  the 
"question  boxes"  of  some  of  our  Cath- 
olic weeklies  are  conducted  is  well 
illustrated  b}'  the  reply  recently  given 
in  one  of  them  to  the  question  :  ' '  Can 
a  Catholic  belong  to  the  Woodmen 
Lodge?"  The  answer — we  quote  it 
from  Vol.  IV,  No.  23  Bishop  Kelley's 
Southwest  Courier,  one  of  the  papers 
that  print  this  particular  syndicated 
feature — was:  "This  society  is  not 
formally  forbidden  by  the  Church  and 
probably  there  would  be  no  danger  in 
membership." 

There  are  two  secret  societies  com- 
monly known  as  Woodmen.  The  first 
is  the  Modern  Woodme^i  of  America, 
founded  in  1883  by  Joseph  C.  Root,  a 
Freemason  and  a  Knight  of  Pythias. 


278 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    EEVIEW 


Jiilv  1 


It  is  designed  to  bind  in  one  associa- 
tion "the  Jew  and  the  Gentile,  the  Ca- 
tholic and  the  Protestant,  the  agnostic 
and  the  atheist."  It  has  a  religious 
ritual,  a  secret  oath,  and  its  own  "fu- 
neral services."  The  Lutheran  Synod 
of  Missouri  holds  that  "no  believ- 
ing Christian  can  consistently  belong 
to  this  org-anization."  The  late  Arch- 
bishop Katzer  of  Milwaukee  warned  the 
faithful  of  his  diocese  against  the  Mod- 
ern Woodmen  in  1900.  Bishop  Fink, 
of  Leavenworth,  at  about  the  same  time, 
exhorted  his  clergy  to  keep  their  people 
out  of  this  organization.  Archbishop 
Kain,  of  St.  Louis,  denounced  it  as  a 
"very  dangerous  society  for  Catho- 
lics," and  as  lately  as  1922  Bishop 
Wehrle,  of  Bismarck,  N.  Dak.,  warned 
his  flock  ' '  against  the  Royal  Neighbors, 
the  Modern  Woodmen,  and  all  other 
organizations  that  are  either  affiliated 
with  the  Freemasons  or  imitate  them." 

The  Woodmen  of  the  World  trace 
their  origin  to  the  same  Masonic  source 
and  are  essentially  of,  the  same  char- 
acter. They  also  have  a  ritual,  with 
much  of  the  jargon  that  characterizes 
Freemasonry;  symbols  which  do  not 
mean,  what  men  commonly  take  them 
to  mean  ;  mystical  language  with  a  hint 
of  the  society 's  religious  sufficiency ; 
three  secret  oaths;  a  ritual,  an  altar, 
and  "secret  work."  Its  leaders  are 
high  degree  Masons,  and  though  we 
know  of  no  specific  episcopal  pro- 
nouncement against  them,  the  reasons 
that  inspired  the  warnings  of  the  bish- 
ops quoted  against  the  Modern  AVood- 
men  of  America  apply  equally  against 
the  Woodmen  of  the  World. 

All  this  with  much  other  valuable  in- 
formation is  at  the  disposal  of  the  pub- 
lic in  Arthur  Preuss's  "Dictionary  of 
Secret  Societies,"  and  simply  to  ig- 
nore the  facts  stated,  as  the  editor  of 
this  question  box  does,  is  to  show  one- 
self unqualified  for  holding  the  posi- 
tion of  a  public  instructor. 


The  Declaration  of  Independence 
says  that  all  men  are  born  equal.  They 
are  not;  they  die  equal.  The  Land  of 
Death  is  the  only  perfect  democracy; 
there  is  no  aristocracy  among*  skeletons. 


The  New  York  State  Grand  Lodge  of 
Masons,  after  listening  to  a  report  by 
Arthur  S.  Tompkins,  Justice  of  the 
State  Supreme  Court  and  Past  Grand 
Master,  has  decided  to  launch  a  legal 
offensive  against  spurious  Masonic 
bodies.  An  effort  will  be  made  to  have 
the  next  legislature  adopt  a  law  making 
it  a  punishable  offense  to  ' '  merchandise 
Masonic  degrees."  The  committee  re- 
ported that  many  persons  had  been 
mulcted  by  spurious  organizations 
claiming  to  be  Masonic. 


As  a  matter  of  conscientious  Chris- 
tian duty,  the  Catholic  Church  pro- 
hibits her  subjects  to  participate  in 
heretical  worship.  "Listening-in"  is 
not  a  "participation"  in  such  heret- 
ical worship.  But  if  the  "listener-in" 
runs  danger  of  injury  to  his  faith,  or 
of  giving  serious  scandal  to  others,  then 
the  general  laws  of  Catholic  morality 
interdict  such  "listening-in." 


LOUIS  PREUSS,  ASSOCIATED  WITH 
THE  LATE  JOHN  T.  COMES  IN  THE 
BUILDING  OF  THE  KENRICK  SEMI- 
NARY. HAS  ASSOCIATED  HIMSELF 
WITH  MR.  J.  G.  STEINBACH,  OF 
CHICAGO,  FOR  THE  PURPOSE  OF 
COLLABORATING  WITH  HIM  IN 
THE  CONSTRUCTION  OF  CHURCH- 
ES, SCHOOLS,  CONVENTS.  AND 
OTHER  ECCLESIASTICAL  INSTITU- 
TIONS ACCORDING  TO  THE  TRUE 
PRINCIPLES  OF  CHRISTIAN  ART. 
HE  RESPECTFULLY  SOLICITS  YOUR 
PATRONAGE. 

SHREWSBURY  PARK,  SAINT  LOUIS, 

MISSOURI. 

TELEPHONE:  BENTON  3057  R. 


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THE    FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


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Established     1886 


STRASSBERGER 


CONSERVATORIES     OF     MUSIC 

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Departments 

Low     Terms     to     Beginners 

DIPLOMA    and     MEDAL    Awarded 

Terms    Reasonable — Catalogue     Free 


all 


Notes  and  Glesuiings 


Jury  Warrants  Cashed  Bell,  Main  1242 

SEA  FOODS  IN  SEASON 


J.  B.  SCHUMACKER 

418  Market  Street  ST.   LOUIS,  MO. 


AN  ALPHABETICAL  INDEX  TO 

Documentos  Ineditos  del  Archivo  de  las 

Indias, 

covering  both  first  and  second  series, 
has  been  completed  for  publication  by 
historian  Benj.  M.  Read,  of  Santa  Fe, 
who,  although  a  member  of  the  New 
Mexico  Bar,  has  devoted  the  past  few 
years  entirely  to  historical  research 
and  writing.  The  Index  is  designed  as 
an  aid  to  students  and  research  w^or- 
kers  in  the  history  of  the  Spanish 
Americas  and  is  minute  in  its  detail 
and  classification.  Special  interest  is 
centered  under  such  titles  as  Ofiate, 
Coronado,  Nev^r  Mexico,  DeVargas,  and 
the  names  of  others  associated  in  the 
conquest  and  colonization  of  the  South- 
west. The  Index  is  prefaced  by  a  brief 
story  of  the  compilation  of  the  Docu- 
mentos Ineditos  and  a  translation  of 
the  prospectus  of  the  monumental 
work. 

According  to  Mr.  Read:  "The  new 
light  which  these  documents  throw^ 
upon  the  history  of  the  discovery  and 
conquest  of  the  New  World  and  the 
other  Spanish  possessions,  is  truly  sur- 
prising. It  will  be  seen  that  more  than 
half  of  that  history  had  not  been  known 
prior  to    I  884." 

Mr.  Read  is  prepared  to  furnish 
copies  of  any  of  the  archives  indexed 
and  further  information  may  be  obtain- 
ed by  addressing  him  at  Santa  Fe,  N. 
Mex. 


A  sing'le  conversation  across  the 
table  with  a  wise  man  is  better  than 
ten  years  mere  study  of  books.  — 
LongfelloM^,  "Hyperion." 


Nine  years  of  Latin  and  six  years 
of  Greek  are  again  to  be  required  of 
all  boys  who  complete  the  course  in 
German  gymnasiums  (colleges).  The 
amount  of  classics  taught  in  these 
schools  was  reduced  after  the  conclu- 
sion of  the  w^ar,  but  now  the  pre-war 
standard  for  Greek  and  Latin  has  been 
re-established. 


That  young  people  should  be  warned 
in  time  against  the  sins  of  lust  and  the 
occasions  and  temptations  which  lead 
to  the  commission  of  those  sins,  goes 
without  saying.  But  the  theatre  is  not 
the  place  for  such  warnings;  and  it  is 
difficult  to  adequately  characterize  the 
action  of  those  who  assume  the  re- 
sponsibility of  placing  before  the  un- 
tried minds  and  the  uncontrolled 
imagination  of  the  young  a  vivid  por- 
trayal of  scenes  and  situations  which 
are  connected  with  the  practices  of  im- 
morality.— The  Casket. 

An  order  restricting  the  use  of  the 
word  "leather"  in  describing  book- 
bindings made  of  materials  other  than 
leather,  has  been  issued  by  the  Federal 
Trade  Commission  against  a  New  York 
publishing  house.  The  order  provides 
that  the  company  may  employ  the  word 
"leather"  in  advertising  such  books 
only  in  connection  with  the  words 
"artificial,"  "imitation,"  or  "substi- 
tute." ■    .    ■  -   • 


The  monument  to  Virgil  in  Mantua 
is  well  on  its  way  to  completion.  The 
monument  will  stand  in  the  center  of 
the  principal  square  of  Mantua,  where 
seventeen  beams  of  oak  have  been  un- 
earthed, stated  to  have  formed  the 
base  of  the  column  raised  to  honor 
Virgil's  memory  in  the  beginning  of 
the  18th  century.  Years  after,  the 
column  was  removed  farther  north  and 
finally  was  demolished  in  1820  to  make 
room  for  the  Virgilian  amphitheater. 
The  statue  of  Virgil,  designed  after  a 
picture  in  the  Louvre  of  Paris,  re- 
presents the  poet  draped  in  a  toga, 
with  his  right  hand  extended  as  in  the 
act  of  delivering  an  oration.  The  model- 
ing   has    been    entrusted    to    Signer 


^80 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    EEVTEW 


Jiilv  1 


Quadrelli  of  Milan.  He  will  first  make 
a  full-sized  model  in  ehalk,  which  will 
later  be  east  in  bronze. 


The  United  States  maintains  at  the 
Post  Office  Department  in  AVashington 
a  "philatelic  agency,"  whose  sole  busi- 
ness is  to  minister  to  the  wants  of  that 
still  numerous  community  of  men, 
women,  and  children  who  collect  post- 
age stamps.  The  father  of  the  phil- 
atelic agency  is  W.  Irving  Glover, 
Third  Assistant  Postmaster-General, 
who  organized  it  under  Postmaster- 
General  Hays,  in  1921.  The  agency  is 
one  of  the  money-making  branches  of 
the  postal  service.  In  1924  it  sold  to 
collectors  stamps  to  the  value  of 
$255,940.04.  As  the  government  render- 
ed no  service  for  these  stamps,  their 
value  represents  clear  profit,  except  for 
the  cost  of  the  agency,  which  keeps  con- 
stantly busy  an  agent  and  five  clerks. 

"Der  Weg  der  Kirche  im  heiligen 
Jahr  1925,"  is  the  first  of  a  series  of 
liturgical  almanacs  projected  by  the 
Benedictine  Abbey  of  Maria-Laach.  It 
contains  the  calendar  for  the  current 
year ;  short,  meaty  essays  on  ' '  The 
Fundamental  Notions  Underlying  the 
Ecclesiastical  Year,"  "The  Meaning 
of  the  Christian  Mysteries,"  "Fasting 
in  the  Spirit  of  the  Church,"  etc.,  selec- 
tions from  the  writings  of  St. 
Augustine  and  St.  Zeno,  some  ancient 
praj'ers  for  the  Feast  of  the  Ascension, 
and  bibliographical  data  on  the  litur- 
gical publications  of  Catholic  Germany 
in  the  year  1924.     (Kosel  &  Pustet). 

God  has  given  mankind  enough  for 
all  its  needs ;  but  complacent  govern- 
ments have  allowed  a  few  to  grab  and 
monopolize  what  is  meant  for  the  sup- 
port of  the  many.  Instead  of  criminal- 
ly limiting  human  life,  friends  of  hu- 
manity should  strive  to  abolish  the 
economic  injustice  and  inhuman  greed 
that  now  permit  a  few  favored  indi- 
viduals to  control  for  their  privajte 
benefit  and  animal  pleasures  the  fruits 
of  the  earth  that  God  intended  for  the 
maintenance  of  all  His  creatures. 


Modern  physicians  and  psychologists 
denounce  fear  as  the  source  of  untold 
evils  and  as  the  greatest  human  weak- 


Teacher  and  Organist  Wainted 

in  a   country  parish  near  St.  Louis.  Ap- 
ply to: 

J.  F.  H. 

c/o   Fortnightly  Review 


Thos.  F.  Imbs 

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STUDIO 
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1925 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    EEYIEW 


2S1 


ness.  This  denunciation  is  too  sweep- 
ing and  lacks  discernment.  There  is  a 
fear  which  imparts  moral  strength 
and  which,  by  the  highest  authority, 
has  been  declared  to  be  the  beginning 
of  wisdom.  It  would  be  well  for  our 
generation  if  it  possessed  more  of  this 
fear.  

Father  Bruno  Hagspiel,  S.  V.  D., 
has  contributed  to  the  ' '  Paladin 
Series,"  published  by  the  Catholic 
Students'  Mission  Crusade  (Cincin- 
nati, 0.)  a  valuable  pamphlet  on  "The 
Philippines."  It  is  subtitled  "A  Mis- 
sion Investigation"  and  beg-ins  with  a 
geographical  description  of  the  Islands, 
then  gives  a  survey  of  the  races  in- 
habiting them,  a  brief  account  of  the 
Spanish  conquest  and  the  system  of 
colonization  by  which  Spain  tried  to 
raise  the  cultural  level  of  the  natives, 
followed  by  disaster  through  the  with- 
drawal by  the  U.  S.  government  of  all 
official  relations  with  the  Catholic 
Church.  The  great  need  now  is  more 
priests  to  take  proper  care  of  the 
people  and  to  offset  the  Protestant 
propaganda,  which  results  in  religious 
indifference  rather  than  in  the  further 
spread  of  Christianity.  The  Church  in 
the  Philippines  to-day  must  rely 
primarily  on  the  co-operation  of  Ameri- 
can Catholics.  "It  depends  on  us, 
therefore,"  says  Fr.  Bruno,  "whether 
History  shall  date  the  decay  of  the  only 
Asiatic  Catholic  nation  to  America's 
defeat  of  Spain."  This  ably  written 
pamphlet,  like  the  other  numbers  of  the 
same  series,  is  intended  chiefly  to  pro- 
vide study  material  for  the  Mission 
Crusaders,  but  it  is  so  well  written  and 
so  liberally  stocked  with  bibliographic 
and  other  reference  material  that  it 
will  appeal  to  a  much  wider  circle  of 
readers.  We  only  regret  that  the  small 
size  of  the  type  gives  the  booklet  a 
"measly"  appearance.  Literature  of 
this  sort  must  be  made  attractive  also 
from  the  typographical  point  of  view. 


Correspondence 


Of  Interest  to  Priests 

To   the   Editor:— 

It  is  sometimes  very  difficult  for  priests  in 
Chicago  to  get  some  one  to  say  mass  on 
Sundays,  ^vhen  for  some  reason  or  other  they 
have  to  be  away.  On  the  other  hand,  there 
are  always  priests  passing  through  our  city, 
sometimes  even  staying  for  a  few  weeks  or 
even  longer,  who  would  be  glad  of  a  chance 
to  say  mass,  and  would  prefer  to  stay  at  a 
priest 's  house  rather  than  at  a  hotel ;  not  to 
speak  of  saving  the  expense.  I,  for  instance, 
am  able  to  lodge  two  or  three  priests,  and 
should  be  glad  of  their  visits. 

(Rev.)  C.  A.  Eempe 
921   Noble   Str.,   Chicago,   111. 


That    Proposed    National    Association    of 
Catholic    Lawyers 

To  the  Editor:  — 

In  No.  12  of  the  F.  R.  Mr.  Benedict  Elder, 
himself  a  lawyer,  looks  with  no  favor  on  the 
formation  of  a  proposed  national  association 
of  Catholic  lawyers,  I  heartily  agree  with 
him.  There  is  no  good  end  served  by  such 
divisiveness,  unless,  as  he  says,  the  Catholic 
lawyers  have  in  mind  the  abatement  of  some 
evil  entering  at  present  into  our  laws.  But 
to  get  together  for  no  special  purpose  of 
merit,  seems  to  me  a  waste  of  time.  An  or- 
ganization with  no  special  good  work  in  its 
hands  easily  faHs  a  prey  to  politicians.  Be- 
sides, this  banding  together  of  Catholic  i:)ro- 
fessional  men,  when  there  is  no  occasion  for 
it,  is  misunderstood  by  our  friends  ' '  across 
the  way, ' '  whom  we  should  be  trying  to  im- 
press with  the  inclusiveness  rather  than  the 
exclusiveness  of  the  Catholic  Church. 

The  "lame  ducks"  in  any  profession  are 
those  most  likely  to  join  such  associations 
from  a  feeling  that  it  is  going  to  be  an  adver- 
tisement to  belong  to  it;  and  as  "lame 
ducks"  have  more  time  than  busy  and  suc- 
cessful men  to  give  to  outside  affairs,  they  are 
likely  in  the  end  to  be  running  the  organiza- 
tion. 

Such  people  are  not  above  seeking  to  create 
a  false  group-consciousness  to  suit  their  own 
ends.  And  that  is  always  mischievous  and 
a  stumbling-block  in  the  path  of  those  who 
are  trying  to  come  together  as  citizens  and 
neighbors  for  the  good  of  the  country  at 
large.  Denis  A,  McCarthy 

Boston,  Mass. 


Look  not  mournfully  into  the  past, 
it  comes  not  back  again.  Wisely  im- 
prove the  present,  it  is  thine.  — 
Longfellow,  "Hyperion." 


"Our    Nation's   Prayer" 

To  the  Editor:  — 

Noticing  the  dispute  in  the  F.  R.,  as  to 
recent  events  most  beneficial  to  Catholicity  in 
America,  I  am  prompted  to  ask:  What  about 
"America's  Best  Gift,"  the  composition  of 
"Our  Nation's  Prayer"  by  the  Rev.  Father 


282 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    HE VIEW 


Julv  1 


Francis  C.  Young,  of  Chicago,  which  is  be- 
ing sold  en  masse  by  tlie  author  at  $2  a 
copy,  with  the  approval  of  the  late  President 
Harding  and  the  endorsement  of  President 
Coolidge? 

It  begins  as  f oIIoavs  : 
Oh  Lord  a  sacred  peace  we  crave; 
For  this  with  all  our  leaders  brave 
We  pray  that  Thy  Almighty  Hand 
Will  guard  and  guide  our  wondrous  land. 
We  '11  melt  with  love  the  swords  of  men 
To  make  of  them  the  noblest  pen. 
With  this,  dear  God,  our  hope  and  aim 
Let  us  enshrine  Old  Glory's  fame. 

And  two  more  stanzas  of  the  same  poetic 
quality  and  filled  with  the  same  patriotic  ar- 
tier. 

We  are  told  that  "this  prayer  crystallized 
into  a  reality  means  that  the  American  Na- 
tion and  its  institutions  will  be  forever  per- 
petuated. ' ' 

Surely  this  prayer  must  take  precedence 
over  the  addresses  delivered  in  Protestant 
churches  by  Catholic  priests,  so  highly 
thought  of  by  Col.  Callahan, — even  though 
there  be  some  old  fogies  who  prefer  the  Our 
Father  as  "our  nation's  prayer." 

C.  D.  IT. 


Shall  We  Cancel  International  Debts? 

To  the  Editor:  — 

The  Daily  American  Tribune  quotes  Rev. 
Dr.  John  A.  Eyan,  delegate  of  the  Catholic 
University  of  America,  as  stating  at  the  an- 
nual meeting  of  Political  and  Social  Science, 
that  the  United  States  should  cancel  all  inter- 
national debts,  and  declaring  that  if  this  is 
done,  only  a  few  or  a  small  portion  of  the 
American  people,  namely  those  with  high  in- 
comes, would  have  to  continue  to  make  such 
payments  for  a  longer  time  than  would  be  the 
case  if  those  foreign  debts  were  paid.  He 
quotes  also  the  benefit  the  United  States  and 
all  other  nations  would  derive  if  this  were 
done. 

Dr.  Ryan  may  be  theoretically  right,  but  I 
have  my  grave  doubts  that  it  would  be  prac- 
tical or  beneficial  for  the  American  tax-pay- 
ers to  follow  his  advice.  The  total  amount 
due  the  United  States  from  foreign  nations 
is  about  ten  billion  dollars.  Our  largest  debt- 
or is  France,  with  over  four  thousand  million. 
Next  come  England  and  Italy.  England  has 
made  at  least  some  arrangement  to  reduce  its 
debt,  but  France  has  never  made  an  effort 
to  pay  even  interest.  Italy  says:  "Impos- 
sible to  pay  war  debts."  This  is  a  de- 
plorable condition  and  now  comes  Dr.  Eyan 
and  says :  ' '  The  United  States  should  cancel 
all  international  debts. ' '  This  means  that 
the  American  taxpayers  should  assume  the 
debt  and  raise  the  money  to  pay  off  these 
foreign  obligations,  capital  and  interest. 

The  assertion  that  only  a  few  of  the  Ameri- 
can people,  namely  those  with  high  incomes. 


Church   Bazaars,    Festivals,    etc. 

Church  Institutions  have  been  buying  our 
goods  with  perfect  satisfaction  for  over 
thirty  years.  This  is  because  we  carry 
a  large  selection  of  merchandise  especial- 
ly suitable  for  such  purposes  at  un- 
usually low  prices. 

Our  Goods  Assure  Profits 
Because  They  Are  Use- 
ful, Attractive  and  Ap- 
pealing. 

Novelties,  Silverware, 

Aluminum  Goods.  Dolls, 
Candy,  Indian  Blankets, 
Paddle  Wheels,  etc. 
This  large  catalogue  free 
to  Clergymen  and  buying 
committees. 

We  can  refer  to  hundreds 
of  Catholic  Churches. 
Our   Catalog — 
A  Buyer's  Guide 

N.  SHURE  CO.,  Chicago 

Wholesale  Merchandise 


POSITION  WANTED,  as  choir  director  and 
organist,  by  a  man  competent  in  plain  chant, 
harmony,  rubrics,  counterpoint,  etc.  Am 
willing  to  serve  wherever  a  man  is  wanted  to 
direct  the  music  according  to  the  will  of  the 
Church.  I  am  a  pupil  of  the  late  Professor 
John  Singenberger,  of  St.  Francis,  Wis.  Ad- 
dress A.  B.  C,   c/o  Fortnightly  Review. 


•ii"^ — ^,/»PS= 


STEINER^JJSi^^gllC? 


niiTMSP^ 


#BUTTONS&P|N§>:^ 


ALS* 


STENCILS  ^M  ETAL  ChSi^J  | 


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Printers  of  Periodicals 
Book  Manufacturers 


"The  Fortnightly  Review" 
Is  printed  by  us 


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1925 


THE    FOETXIGHTLY    EEYIEW 


283 


Churches,    Rectories,    Schools, 
Convents  and  Institutions. 

If    you    contemplate   the    erection    of    a 
building  write  us  for  information. 

Ludewig  &  Dreisoerner 

ARCHITECTS 
Ecclesiastical     Architecture 

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Notice  of  Removal 

The  Offices  and  Salesrooms  of 

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Publishers  of 

Church,    School,    and    Organ    Music    are 

now  located  at 

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Between    Broadway    and    Sixth    Avenue. 

A  cordial  invitation  is  extended  to  the 
Eeverend  Clergy,  Sisters  and  organists, 
when  in  Xew  York,  to  pay  our  establish- 
ment a  visit. 


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would  have  to  continue  to  make  such  pay- 
ments for  a  longer  time  is  bosh.  Everybody 
knoAvs  that  the  biggest  amount  of  taxes  comes 
from  the  middle  and  the  working  classes.  It 
is  hard  enough  to  pay  our  own  taxes,  and  we 
the  American  taxpayers  should  not  be  com- 
pelled to  pay  taxes  for  foreign  nations  to  re- 
lieve them  of  their  debt  to  us.  It  seems  to 
me  this  country  should  not  longer  dally  with 
the  nations  indebted  to  us,  but  use  all  reason- 
able means  to  safeguard  our  interest  and  to 
get  this  matter  settled.  I  believe  our  atti- 
tude regarding  the  foreign  debts  is  one  of  the 
causes  of  the  present  business  depression. 
Business  is  taxed  to  death,  and  no  relief  is  ui 
sight;  expressions  like  Dr.  Eyan's  will  surely 
not  help  to  better  conditions. 
Quincy,  111.  Fred  Wolf 


BOOK  REVIEWS 


The  Higher  Life 

Mr.  Gilbert  K.  Chesterton,  in  ' '  Orthodoxy, ' ' 
has  reminded  the  followers  of  the  modern 
cult  that  the  term  Higher  Life  is  poor  rhet- 
oric. It  is  really  a  mixed  metaphor,  whicla 
confounds  spiritual  growth  with  physical  ex- 
tension. Father  Albert  Muntsch,  S.  J.,  in  his 
book  "The  Higher  Life"  (Herder)  proves 
that  the  Higher  Life  is  also  bad  logic;  and 
bad  logic  is  worse  than  bad  rhetoric;  for 
here,  at  least,  it  tends  to  lower  the  ideals  of 
moral  conduct.  There  is  a  certain  class  of 
people  who  have  discarded  the  precepts  of 
Christianity  and  substituted  for  them  a 
vague  philosophy  which  they  call  the  Higher 
Life.  They  have  lost  their  belief  in  God  or 
the  divinity  of  Christ;  they  have  abandoned 
prayer  and  other  religious  exercises;  they 
ridicule  the  future  life  and  the(  punishment 
of  sin;  they  have  no  regard  for  the  sancti- 
ty of  human  life  or  of  the  family;  still  they 
resent  any  imputation  against  their  moral 
character.  In  fact,  they  claim  to  be  better 
than  others, — those  ignorant  fools,  as  they 
would  call  them,  who  still  cling  to  the  super- 
stitions of  the  past  and  regard  religion  as 
essential  to  morality.  These  protagonists  of 
the  Higher  Life  Avill  point  out  that  they  con- 
form to  certain  exterior  standards.  They  are 
law-abiding;  they  contribute  to  various  forms 
of  social  work ;  they  support  missionaries 
among  the  heathen;  they  are  exact  and  scru- 
pulous in  their  deportment;  they  shun  the 
vulgarities  of  the  mob;  in  a  word,  they  say 
that  their  ideals  are  those  of  the  Higher  Life. 

Father  Muntsch  tears  these  pretentious 
boastings  into  shreds,  and  points  out  where- 
in alone  true  rightousness  consists.  He  gives 
a  clear  analysis  of  the  doctrine  of  the  Church 
on  real  sanctity  and  shows  that  sanctity  can- 
not be  had  apart  from  sanctifying  grace. 

Will  Father  Muntsch  convince  the  fol- 
lowers of  the  so-called  Higher  Life  of  the 
errors  of  their  ways?  Possibly  not,  for  such 
a   conviction  would   lead   them   to   adopt   the 


28-4 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


July  1 


WiDMER  Engineering  Company 


ARCHITECTS 


LACLEDE  GAS  BUILDING 
ST.  LOUIS      -      MO. 


principles  of  Christianity  as  the  foundation 
of  their  lives.  But  this  book  will  tend  to  en- 
lighten Catholics  in  regard  to  the  true  na- 
ture of  the  work  of  God  in  their  souls.  The 
book  takes  the  teaching  of  the  Church  about 
grace  and  the  work  of  the  Holy  Ghost,  and 
answers  all  difficulties  which  arise  from 
modern  thought.  It  shows  how  shallow  and 
vain  are  modernism  and  materialism  in  at- 
tempting to  find  substitutes  for  the  com- 
mandments and  the  working  of  the  Holy  Spirit 
in  the  souls  of  the  just. 

The  Avriter  shows  great  familiarity  with 
modern  non-Catholic  religious  thought,  and 
especially  with  the  works  of  recent  sociologists 
who  have  sought  a  substitute  for  Christianity. 
One  by  one  he  examines  their  contentions  and 
shows  the  errors  of  their  systems ;  while  at 
the  same  time  he  points  out  clearly  that  the 
iloctrines  of  the  Church  about  personal  holiness 
will  stand  the  test  and  criticism  of  modern 
thought.  H.  S. 

Literary  Briefs 

—In  ' '  The  Villa  by  the  Sea ' '  Miss  Isabel 
C.  Clarke  has  worked  out  a  new  variant  on 
the  old  theme  of  the  "substituted"  child, 
developing  a  stronger  plot  than  she  has  given 
us  heretofore.  The  story  is  about  English 
people,  though  the  happenings  take  place 
mostly  in  Italy.  It  is  an  exciting  tale,  well 
managed  by  one  who  knows  the  mechanics  of 


story-writing  to  perfection.  (Benziger  Bros.) 
—"The  Valley  of  Peace,"  by  Miss  Lyda 
L.  Coghlan,  is  a  charming  tale  of  the  last 
generation,  enacted  chiefly  in  St.  Louis  and 
in  Florissant,  Mo.  The  great  cyclone  of  1896 
furnishes  an  important  element  of  the  plot. 
Of  the  heroine  of  the  story  a  delighted  reader 
remarked,  "Would  that  I  could  lay  claim  to 
a  character  so  noble  and  beautiful."  (B. 
Herder  Book  Co.) 

— ' '  The  Mystical  State,  its  Nature  and 
Phases"  by  Canon  Auguste  Saudreau,  is  a 
translation  of  an  important  French  work  by 
an  author  who  has  stood  in  the  midst  of  the 
recent  controversy  as  to  the  fundamental 
principles  of  mysticism.  His  thesis  is,  in 
brief,  that  mystical  graces  are  indeed  emi- 
nent but  not  extraordinary  graces;  that  they 
are  part  of  God 's  ordinary  means  for  lead- 
ing souls  to  perfection;  that  visions,  ecsta- 
sies, and  so  forth  have  no  place  among  them; 
that  the  soul  can  positively  dispose  itself  to- 
wards receiving  them;  that  to  desire  them  is 
legitimate  and  praiseworthy,  and  that  he  who 
receives  them  runs  thereby  no  danger  of  spir- 
itual pride,  but  is  necessarily  led  to  greater 
humility.  Unfortunately,  the  book  is  full  of 
polemic  against  Pere  Poulain  and  his  school 
at  the  one  extreme,  and  against  Dom  Louisniet 
and  those  who  hold  with  him  at  the  other. 
The  translator  has  done  his  difficult  work  well. 
(Benziger  Bros.) 


1925 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


285 


Experience  demonstrates  that 
the  better  we  understand  the  part 
which  the  Blessed  Virgin  Mary  has 
taken  in  the  work  of  the  Redemp- 
tion, the  more  enlightened  becomes 
our  knowledge  of  the  Redeemer 
Himself. 

The 

"Life  of  the  Blessed  Virgin" 
by 

Father  Krull,  C.  PP.  S. 

is  based  upon  historical  facts  and, 
therefore,  a  most  suitable  book  to 
broaden  our  knowledge  of  the 
Mother  of  Christ  and  her  Divine 
Son. 

This  book  is  for  sale  at  all  Catholic 
book  stores  or  may  be  ordered  directly 
from  the  publisher. 

JOHNW.WINTERICH,i'^=,™Nr*o; 

Price  per  copy,   $0.75. 


THE  ECHO 

A  Catholic  newspaper  of  superior 
merit,  which  appeals  to  readers  outside 
of  its  own  local  environment.  It  con- 
tains a  great  deal  of  information  which 
will  not  be  found  in  any  other  paper. 

Father  F.  Eombouts,  of  New  Orleans, 
says  in  the  Dec.  15,  3  924,  issue  of  the 
Fortnightly  Review:  "First  the  F.  E., 
second  The  Echo — and  all  the  rest  is 
simply   filling. ' ' 


SEND  FOR  A  SAMPLE   COPY 


THE  ECHO 

564  Dodge  Si.         Buffalo.  N.  Y. 


— Josepli  F.  Wagner,  Inc.,  51:  Park  Place, 
Xew  I'ork,  announces  the  early  pul)lication  of 
''A  Practical  Commentary  on  the  New  Canon 
Law,"  by  the  Rev.  Stanislaus  Woywod,  O.  P. 
M.,  in  two  large  octavo  volumes  of  about  800 
j)ages  each.  This  commentary  will  include  all 
the  pronouncements  issued  by  the  Commis- 
sion for  the  Authentic  Interpretation  of  the 
Code  up  to  the  date  of  publication ;  sum- 
maries of  the  views  of  the  leading  canonists 
on  subtle  or  doubtful  points  which  have  not 
yet  been  ofticially  decided;  and  an  explanation 
of  all  the  technical  terms  which  abound  in 
the  Code.  A  special  feature  will  be  the  pub- 
lication of  annual  supplements  containing  all 
new  decisions  handed  down  by  the  Conunis- 
sion.  Those  who  subscribe  for  the  work  now 
will  receive  these  supplements  free  of  charge 
up   to   Dec.   31,   1926. 

— Part  I  of  Abbot  Ildefonso  Schuster's 
work  "The  Sacramentary " '  (Benziger  Bros.) 
contains  historical  notes  on  the  Mass  and  the 
Sacraments.  Part  II  is  a  commentary  on 
the  Proper  of  the  Mass  from  the  beginning  of 
Advent  to  the  sixth  Sunday  after  Epiphany. 
The  author  begins  his  work  with  a  chapter  on 
the  sources  from  which  knowledge  of  the 
liturgy  may  be  obtained  and  gives  a  descrip- 
tion of  the  various  books  used.  He  lias  not 
written  for  experts,  nor  for  the  laity,  but 
primarily  for  clergymen  who  are  not  experts  in 
matters  liturgical.  The  book  is  founded  main- 
ly on  lectures  given  at  the  Pontifical  High- 
er School  of  Sacred  Music  and  at  the  Bible 
Institute.  The  Abbot  apologizes  for  not 
having  Ijeen  able  to  put  his  notes  into  better 
shape.  It  is  a  pity  that  this  could  not  have 
been  done,  because  the  book  is  too  condensed 
and  disfigured  by  inaccuracies. 

— A  "fifth  and  revised  edition"  has  ap- 
peared of  Fr.  Thomas  Slater  's,  S.  .!.,  '  *  Manu- 
al of  Moral  Theology  for  English- Speaking- 
Countries,  ' '  which  had  been  out  of  print  for 
some  time.  The  book  has  been  completely  re- 
set, and  the  references  to  the  new  Code,  which 
had  been  added  to  the  fourth  edition  as  foot- 
notes, are  now  embodied  in  the  text.  We  have 
noticed  no  other  changes  of  importance.  The 
new  edition  bears  the  Westminster  imprima- 
tur. American  students  will  miss  Fr.  Michael 
Martin 's  useful  ' '  Notes  on  American  Legis- 
lation ' '  contained  in  former  editions. 
(Benziger   Brothers). 

— Pustet  's  latest  edition  of  the  ' '  Officium 
Parvum  Beatae  Mariae  Virg'inis"  contains, 
in  addition,  the  "Officium  Defunctorum, "  the 
' '  Commemoratio  Omnium  Fidelium  Defunc- 
torum" (for  Nov.  2),  the  "Psalmi  Gradua- 
les, ' '  the  ' '  Psalmi  Paenitentiales, ' '  and  the 
' '  Litaniae  Omnium  Sanctorum, ' ' — all  print- 
ed in  beautiful  black  type  and  bound  in  hand- 
some black  flexible  leather,  like  the  firm 's 
other  liturgical  publications.  Pustet  is  facile 
princeps  in  this  field,  and  his  texts  are  as 
nearly  perfect  as  human  care  can  make  them. 


286 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


July 


New  Books  Received 


Tlie  Pliilippines,  19.25.  A  ^Mission  Invcsti<ia- 
tion  by  Rev.  Bruno  Hagspiel,  S.  V.  D. 
Catholic  Mission  Crusade  Paladin  Series. 
59  pp.  8vo.  Cincinnati,  O. :  Catholic 
Students'  Mission  Crusade.  50  cts.  (Paper). 

Die  feierliclie  Papstmesse  and  die  Zcremonien 
hei  Selig-  und  HeUigsprechungen.  Von  Dr. 
theol.  Joh.  Brinktrine.  56  pp.  16mo.  Her- 
der &  Co.     3(1  i-ts.      (Wrapper.) 

A  Bose  Wreatli  for  the  Crowning  of  St.  Ther- 
ese  of  the  Child  Jesus,  "the  Little  Sister 
of  Missionaries."  By  Rev.  John  P.  Clarke. 
With  a  Preface  by  Rev.  Hugh  F.  Blunt.  103 
pp.  12mo.  Benziger  Bros.     $1  net. 

21ie  Jesuit  Martyrs  of  North  America.  Isaac 
Jogues,  John  de  Brebeuf,  Gabriel  Lalemant, 
Noel  Chabanel,  Anthony  Daniel,  Charles 
Gamier,  Rene  Goupil,  John  Lalande.  By 
John  J.  Wynne,  S.  J.  xi  &  246  pp.  8vo. 
New  York :  The  Universal  Knowledge 
Foundation.     $1.50. 

The  Immacidate  Conception.  The  Teaching 
of  St.  Thomas,  St.  Bonaventure,  and  Bl.  J. 
Duns  Scotus  on  the  Immaculate  Conception 
of  the  B.  V.  Mary.  A  reply  to  the  Article : 
' '  St.  Thomas  and  the  Immaculate  Concep- 
tion" in  the  Homiletic  Monthly,  Vol. 
XXIV,  No.  3,  by  Fr.  Hugolinus  Storff,  O. 
F.  M.  272  pp.  12mo.  San  Francisco :  St. 
Francis  Press,  340  Sansome  Str.  $2  post- 
paid. 

A  Manual  of  Moral  Theology  for  English- 
Spealcing  Countries.  By  the  Rev.  Thomas 
Slater,  S.  J.  Vol.  II.  Fifth  and  Revised 
Edition.  ix  &  352  pp.  Benziger  Bros. 
$4.50  net. 

Theologia  Fundamentalis.  De  Ecclesia.  Trac- 
tatus  Historico-Dogmatici  quos  scripsit 
Hermannus  Dieckmann  S.  J.  Tomus  I :  De 
Regno  Dei;  De  Gonstitutione  Ecclesiae. 
xvii  &  553  pp.  8vo.  Herder  &  Co.  $4.50 
net. 

S.  Ambrosii  Oratio  de  Ohitu  Theodosii.  Text, 
Translation,  Introduction  and  Commentary. 
A  Dissertation  ....  by  Sister  Mary 
Dolorosa  Mannix,  M.  A.,  of  the  Sisters  of 
St.  Joseph  of  Carondelet.  (The  Catholic 
University  of  America  Patristic  Studies, 
Vol.  IX.)  XV  &  166  pp.  8vo.  Washington, 
D.  C. :     The  Catholic  University  of  America. 

Burning  Questions.  Including  Education,  Law, 
Civil  and  Domestic  Affairs.  By  Rev.  John 
McGuire,  S.  J.  83  pp.  16mo.  Chicago : 
Mission  Press  of  the  Working  Boys '  Home. 
For  sale  by  Benziger  Bros.  15  cts.  (Wrap- 
per.) 

Mass  Stipends.  By  the  Rev.  Charles  F. 
Keller,  of  the  Archdiocese  of  Philadelphia. 
167  pf).  8vo.  Washington,  D.  C. :  The 
Cathqjic  University  of  America. 

The  S^iinari'Sts'  Symposium.  Edited  and  Is- 
sued by  the  St.  Thomas  Literary  and  Homi- 
l^jcic  Ipociety,  .St.  Vincent  Seminary,  Beatty, 
Pa.  160  pp.  large  8vo.     Illustrated. 


JUST   PUBLISHED 


THE  HIGHER  LIFE 


By 

Rev.  Albert  Muntsch,  S.  J. 


Cloth,    8vo.,    XII    &    292    pages, 
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Though  religion  is  said  to  be  dying 
in  certain  sections  of  the  community 
there  is  no  subject  so  much  discussed 
and  so  much  debated  as  the  value  of 
religion  for  the  moral  life  of  a  people 
and  its  importance  as  a  factor  in  cul- 
tural and  social  progress.  Witness  the 
numerous  Ijooks  that  are  constantly 
pouring  from  the  press,  the  many 
works  of  fiction  with  a  religious 
''motif,"  and  the  "religious  sections" 
in  high-class  magazines  and  newspapers. 

In  "The  Higher  Life"  Rev.  Albert 
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sons you  will  hear  an  objection  which 
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THE    FOHTXKUITLV     RKVIKW 


July  1 


A  SPRINKLE  OF  SPICE 


The  Rev.  Dr.  J.  B.  Ganibrell,  of  Texas, 
speaking'  of  theological  degrees,  onee  said  that 
a  theological  degree  attached  to  a  preacher 
was  similar  to  the  curl  of  a  pig's  tail — -it 
might  mean  more  style  but  it  never  meant 
more  pig. ' '  The  D.  D.  may  mean  more  style 
but  it  never  means  more  preacher. — Rev.  Dr. 
J.  R.  Straton,  quoted  in  the  N.  Y.  Times,  9 
June,  1925,  p.  10. 


A  Swedish  farmer  in  Minnesota  was  taken 
suddenly  ill.  * '  If  you  have  a  thermometer, 
take  his  temperature ;  I  will  come  along  and 
see  him  presently, ' '  instructed  the  doctor  over 
the  'phone.  An  hour  after  the  doctor  arrived 
and  inquired  after  the  patient.  ' '  Veil, ' ' 
said  the  wife,  "I  ban  put  the  barometer  on 
him,  like  you  tell  me,  and  it  say  '  Very  dry, ' 
so  I  give  him  a  pint  of  whiskey  to  drink,  and 
now  he  ban  gone  ])ack  to  work.'' 


When  an  apparently  uneducated  person 
writes  a  letter  from  New  Orleans,  addressing 
it  to  "Dr.  Martin  Luther,  Concordia  Publish- 
ing House,  St.  Louis, ' '  and  asking  Dr.  Luther 
to  send  him  a  price  list  of  his  catechisms, 
since  he  had  read  one  of  them  and  liked  it 
very  well,  we  are  apt  to  say  that  there  are 
still  people  who  vote  for  Abraham  Lincoln. 
But  this  is  what  happened  at  Boston,  center 
of  culture,  only  last  year.  Voice  over  the 
telephone  of  our  Martin  Luther  Orphanage: 
"May  I  speak  with  the  superintendent?" 
Superintendent :  ' '  This  is  Mr.  Franke. ' ' 
Voice:  "I  don't  wan 't  Mr.  Franke.  I  want 
to  speak  to  Martin  Lutlier  himself.'' — Lu- 
1  herein  Witness. 


The  effect  of  conscience  in  blunting  the 
memory  is  brought  out  in  the  story  told  of  a 
Chicago  reporter  sent  to  interview  a  colored 
gentleman  who  had  just  completed  his  hun- 
dredth year.  When  asked  if  he  had  ever  seen 
Abraham  Lincoln,  the  centenarian  replied: 
"Xo,  sah.  Ah  used  to  'membah  seein '  Mr. 
Lincoln,  but  since  I  jined  de  African  Method- 
ist Church  ah  doan '  'member  seein'  him  no 
moah. ' ' 


Lord  Eustace  Percy  is  in  excellent  company 
in  his  confession  that  he  cannot  distinguish 
one  tune  from  another.  Wordsworth  once  de- 
scanted on  the  difference  between  the  sense 
of  rhythm  which  a  poet  must  have  and  the 
sense  of  music,  and  declared  that  he  had  none 
of  the  latter.  Dean  Stanley  divided  music 
into  "the  national  anthem  and  the  rest." 
There  is  only  one  recorded  instance  of 
Macaulay  having  recognized  a  tune,  and  the 
tune  was  ' '  The  Campbells  are  Coming, ' '  which 
may  have  been  a  reminiscence  of  his  Highland 
ancestry.  And  there  was  the  distinguished 
Frenchman  who  defined  music  succinctly  as 
"the  only  noise  to  hear  which  one  is  expected 
to  pay. ' ' 


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1925 


THE    FOETXIGHTLY    EEVIEW 


289 


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290  THE    FOETNIGHTLY    KEVIEW  July  15 

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languages  and  140  mathemat- 
ical and  special  characters. 

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(TTW^ILLIONS  of  typewritten  letters  go 
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Victor  J.  Klutho 

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Saint    Louis,  Missouri 
Illinois  Licensed  Engineer 


MISSIONARY    SISTERS 

Numerous  Sisters  are  needed  in  our 
foreign  fields.  For  details  in  regard  to 
admission  into  the  Community  of  the  Mis- 
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Ghost  Convent,   Techny,   111. 


The  "CAECILIA" 


TWENTY     HYMNS     in     honor     of     the 

BLESSED  VIRGIN  MARY 

for  Four  Male  Voices 
Compiled  by  Otto  A.  Singenberger 

Price   .60   cents  Net 

A     Collection     of     Easy     and     Pleasing 
Hymns    in    the    English    Language. 

Address  orders  to: 

Otto  A.  Singenberger 


847    Island   Ave. 


Milw^aukee,    Wis. 


The  Fortnigfhtly  Review 


TOL.   XXXII,   XO.   14 


ST.   LOUIS,   MISSOUBI 


Jiilv    ISth,    1925 


CHRONICLE  AND  COMMENT 


A  Step  Backward 

While  the  U.  S.  Supreme  Coui-t  is  to 
be  congratulated  on  its  decision  against 
the  Oregon  school  law,  its  upholding 
the  "criminal  anarchy"  law  of  Ncav 
York  in  the  JBenjamin  Gitlow  case  runs 
counter  to  the  old  American  conception 
of  free  speech.  Justices  Holmes  and 
Brandeis,  we  are  glad  to  see,  dissented 
from  the  majority  in  this  case.  They 
say  in  their  dissenting  opinion  .- 

"It  is  said  that  this  manifesto  (the 
declaration  of  the  Left  Wing  Socialists 
in  1919)  was  more  than  a  theory,  that 
it  was  an  incitement.  Every  idea  is  an 
incitement.  It  offers  itself  for  belief 
and  if  believed  it  is  acted  on  unless 
some  other  belief  outweighs  it  or  some 
failure  of  energy  stifles  the  movement 
at  its  birth.  The  only  difference  be- 
tween the  expression  of  an  opinion 
and  an  incitement  in  the  narrower 
sense  is  the  speaker's  enthusiasm  for 
the  result." 

B}^  its  decision  the  Supreme  Court 
has  practically  legalized  all,  or  nearly 
all,  of  the  "anti-sedition"  and  "anti- 
s^aidicalist "  laws  which  a  majority  of 
our  States  passed  in  the  "red"  scare 
just  after  the  armistice;  but,  as  the 
Nation  (No.  3,128)  observes,  it  "has 
not  made  them  either  just  or  wise." 

Vocation  to  the  Priesthood 

The  Rev.  Dr.  Chas.  A.  Bruelil,  of 
Overbrook  Seminary,  writing  in  Vol. 
XX,  No.  2  of  the  Salesianum,  says  that 
Canon  Lahitton  in  his  famous  book 
on  sacredotal  vocation  was  guilty  of 
onesidedness  and,  despite  his  good  in- 
tentions, caused  much  confusion  and 
in  some  cases  even  lowered  respect  for 
the  priesthood.  Dr.  Bruehl  recom- 
mends a  recent  work  by  Alphonse  Mul- 
ders, D.  D.,  "La  Vocation  au  Sacer- 


doce"  (Bruges,  1925)  as  a  corrective. 
Dr.  Mulders,  he  says,  "presents  a  syn- 
thesis that  contains  both  the  valuable 
elements  of  the  old  theory  and  the  mod- 
ifieations  made  necessary  as  a  conse- 
quence of  the  recent  heated  contro- 
versy. Convincingly  he  proves  the  ne- 
cessity of  an  internal  vocation  distinct 
from  and  preceding  the  episcopal  call. 
Hence,  the  sacerdotal  vocation  in  its 
integrity  contains  a  twofold  element, 
the  inner  call  from  God  and  the  ex- 
ternal call  from  the  Church.  .  .  .  This 
no  doubt  is  sane  and  sound  teaching 
and  it  moreover  does  full  justice  to 
the  dignity  of  the  priestly  state,  the 
prestige  of  which  suffered  somewhat 
from  the  one-sided  presentation  of 
Canon  Lahitton 's  views." 

Catholic  Attendance  at  Masonic  Func- 
tions 

The  mind  of  the  Church  with  regard 
to  Catholic  attendance  at  Masonic  func- 
tions ma3"  be  gathered  from  a  letter 
written  in  1876  by  the  S.  Congregation 
of  the  Propaganda  to  the  Bishop  of 
Seattle  (Collect.,  II,  p.  97,  n.  1459). 
We  quote :  ' '  Amongst  the  doubts 
proposed  last  year  to  the  Holy  See  by 
Your  Lordship,  there  is  also  this — 
M'hether  Catholics  who  are  present  at 
dances  which  are  wont  to  be  held  by 
Freemasons,  incur  the  excommunica- 
tion inflicted  by  the  Constitution  'Apos- 
tolicae  Seclis.'  This  question  was  re- 
ferred to  the  judgment  of  the  S.  Cong, 
of  the  Inquisition  and  their  Eminences 
arrived  at  the  following  decision  : — '  In 
the  first  place,  there  can  be  no  doubt 
that  Catholics  who  are  present  at 
dances  and  other  entertainments  or- 
ganised by  members  of  the  Masonic 
sect  and  as  Masonic  functions,  are 
guilty  of  grave  sin.    Moreover  ....  it 


292 


TIIK   FORTXTGHTL^'  I7EVTEW 


Julv  15 


is  to  be  held  that  Catliolies  incur  the 
penalty  (of  exeonimunieation)  in  those 
eases  when  their  presence  and  partici- 
pation at  such  functions  procure  any 
advantage  (emolument  iini)  for  the 
same  sect  or  its  associates.'  " 

Tlie  excommunication  of  which  tliere 
is  ([uestion  in  this  letter,  was  that  in- 
flicted by  the  "Apostolicae  Sedis"  on 
those  who  "praestant  favorem  qualem- 
cunque  seetae  Massonicae."  Though 
the  penalty  is  now  restricted  to  those 
who  join  the  sect,  yet  the  above  de- 
cision is  sufficient  indication  of  the 
serious  view  the  Church  takes  of  at- 
tendance at  such  functions. 

A  New  Medieval  Latin  Dictionary 

The  need  of  a  new  dictionary  of 
medieval  Latin  has  been  urgently  felt 
for  more  than  twentj^-five  years,  and 
various  attempts  have  been  made  to 
supply  the  learned  world  with  a  ' '  new 
Ducange."  An  international  commit- 
tee promoted  by  the  Union  Academique 
Internationale,  has  now  been,  working 
on  this  plan  for  two  .years.  The  scope 
of  the  projected  dictionary  is  for  the 
present  limited  to  the  period  ending  ap- 
proximateh'  with  the  eleventh  century. 
An  English  committee,  headed  by  Prof. 
Paul  Vinogradoff,  is  co-operating  witli 
the  Union  in  England,  while  another 
English  committee,  headed  by  Sir 
Maxwell  Lyte,  is  collecting  materials 
from  British  sources  for  the  period  ex- 
tending from  the  eleventh  centurv  to 
the  year  1600. 

The  Oxford  "New  English  Diction- 
ary" was  made  possible  by  the  coop- 
eration of  a  large  number  of  contribut- 
ors, Avho  undertook  to  read  particular 
books  Avith  a  view  to  selecting  suitable 
quotations  and  to  note  them  on  slips  of 
uniform  size.  Similar  assistance  is  in- 
vited from  all  those  who  know  enough 
classical  Latin  to  enable  them  to  recog- 
nize non-classical  words  and  usages. 
Those  who  are  willing  to  help  are  in- 
vited to  write  to  Professor  J.  PL  Baxter 
or  to  Mr.  C.  Johnson,  according  as 
their  interest  is  in  the  earlier  or  the 
later  Middle  Ages.  If  they  have  facili- 
ties for  reading  a  particular  text  they 
are   requested   to   name   it   when   they 


writ<\     Instructions  and  slips  will  be 
])rovided.  .  . 

Our  Crazy  Postal  Rates 

The  new  postal  rates  are  not  only 
unfair,  they  are  crazy.  Entire  news- 
papers or  magazines,  when  mailed  by 
the  public,  cost  two  cents  for  every  two 
ounces,  Avhereas  incomplete  copies  go 
for  a  cent  and  a  half.  Therefore,  says 
a  writer  in  the  Nation  (No.  3126),  if 
you  send  to  a  friend  a  bunch  of  newspa- 
pers Aveighing  seven  ounces  and  a  half, 
which  would  be  eight  cents  postage, 
just  take  the  papers  apart,  put  half 
the  pages  of  each  paper  in  one  pack- 
age and  half  the  pages  of  each  in  an- 
other package,  mark  each  package  "In- 
complete Newspapers,"  put  a  three- 
cent  stamp  on  each,  and  save  two  cents 
postage.  Or  if  it  is  a  seven-and-a-half- 
ounce  magazine,  cut  out  an  advertising 
page,  mark  the  package  "Incomplete 
Copy,"  and  make  the  postage  six  cents 
instead  of  eight.  Or  if  that  magazine 
must'nt  be  mutilated,  and  your  friend 
lives  within  150  miles,  put  into  the  bun- 
dle any  rubbish  weighing  more  than 
one  ounce  and  less  than  eight.  By  be- 
ing made  to  weigh  more  than  eight 
ounces,  the  package  becomes  parcel  post 
weighing  less  than  a  pound,  which, 
within  150  miles,  is  five  cents  postage 
and  two  cents  service  charge,  saving 
one  cent  over  the  postage  you  would 
have  paid  if  the  rubbish  had  been  omit- 
ted. But  if  you  can  truthfully  label 
the  enlarged  package  "Mailed  on  Rur- 
al Route,"  then  there  is  no  service 
charge,  and  the  saving  of  postage  by 
adding  the  half-pound  of  rubbish  to 
your  package  is  three  cents  out  of  the 
eight  if  within  150  miles,  two  cents  up 
to  300  miles,  and  one  cent  up  to  600. 
Understand,  you  are  free  of  the  ser- 
vice charge  if  you  make  the  rural-de- 
livery num  carry  it  to  the*  post  office 
for  you ;  but  if  you  carry  it  to  the  rural 
post  office  yourself,  you  have  to  pay  a 
two-cent  service  charge  because  you  re- 
lieved the  government  from  doing  that 
much  service  for  von. 


I  prefer  one  soul  to  a  thousand  al- 
leluias.— BisJiop  F.  C.  Kelley,  of  Okla- 
homa. 


1925  THE    FOETXIGHTLY    EEVIEW      -  293 

Why  Germany  Refused  the  Pope's  Peace  Offer 


Friedrieh  Ritter  von  Lama,  who  is 
well  known  to  the  German  Catholic 
public  as  a  contributor  to  the  Allge- 
meine  Rundschau  and  other  periodic- 
als, has  begun  the  publication,  in  serial 
parts,  of  a  history  of  the  Pope  and  the 
Roman  Curia  and  Their  Policy  Since 
the  AVorld  AVar  ("Papst  und  Kurie  in 
ihrer  Politik  seit  dem  AVeltkriege,  dar- 
gestellt  unter  besonderer  Beriicksich- 
tigung  des  Verhaltnisses  zwischen  dem 
Vatikan  und  Deutschland ; "  .  Illertis- 
sen,  Bavaria :  Verlag  der  Martinus- 
buchhandlung). 

In  the  first  "Lieferung"  the  author 
tells  the  story  of  the  steps  taken  in 
August,  1917,  b}'  England  and  France 
to  end  the  war. 

Shortly  after  Benedict  XV  had  is- 
sued his  famous  appeal  for  peace,  Aug. 
1,  1917,  the  British  government, 
through  Count  De  Salis,  its  representa- 
tive at  the  Vatican,  informed  Cardinal 
Gasparri  that  "there  is  no  probability 
of  getting  nearer  this  goal  [peace]  as 
long  as  the  Central  Powers  and  their 
allies  have  not  officially  expressed  them- 
selves about  their  war  aims  and  on  the 
question  what  reparations  they  are  wil- 
ling to  make  and  what  measures  should 
be  taken  to  preserve  the  world  from 
the  abominations  from  which  it  is  now 
'suffering.  Even  in  regard  to  Belgium, 
— and  on  this  point  the  Central  Powers 
have  admitted  their  wrong, — no  definite 
declaration  as  to  their  intention  of  re- 
storing that  country's  complete  inde- 
pendence has  ever  come  to  our  knowl- 
edge ....  Every  attempt  to  bring  tlie 
belligerents  together  appears  useless  so 
long  a.s  we  are  not  clear  regarding  the 
points  in  which  our  opinions  differ." 

The  French  government  sent  a  sim- 
ilar message,  though  it  is  manifest 
from  Ribot's  "Lettres  a  un  Ami"  that 
Prance  co-operated  with  Engiand  in 
this  matter  only  because  it  saw  that  it 
could  not  win  the  war.  Italy  was  not 
consulted  by  the  other  Allies  because 
it  was  but  too  evident  that  the  English 
and  French  peace  negotiations  with 
the  Vatican  violated  the  clause  regard- 
ing the   exclusion   of  the   Pope  which 


had  been  embodied  in  the  Pact  of  Lon- 
don at  the  demand  of  the  Italian  gov- 
ernment. 

On  Aug.  24,  1917,  Cardinal  Gasparri 
notified  Msgr.  Pacelli,  papal  nuncio  in 
Munich  and  diplomatic  agent  of  the 
Holy  See  for  the  whole  of  Germany,  of 
the  steps  taken  by  England  and  France, 
called  his  particular  attention  to  the 
passag"e  regarding  Belgium,  and  in- 
structed him  to  "do  his  best"  to  ob- 
tain a  declaration  on  this  point  from 
the  Berlin  government.  The  nuncio 
at  once  wrote  to  the  Imperial  Chancel- 
lor, Dr.  Georg  Michaelis,  sending  him  a 
copy  of  the  British  peace  proposal  and 
saying  that  the  Vatican  would  make 
no  reply  to  England  until  it  had 
heard  from  Germany.  Instead  of  tak- 
ing the  matter  up  enthusiastically,  the 
Chancellor  merely  notified  the  Emper- 
or, his  cabinet,  and  the  German  High 
Command,  that  he  had  received  a  mes- 
sage "from  a  neutral  quarter"  which 
seemed  to  indicate  that  England  was 
asking  for  peace  and  gave  the  inde- 
pendence of  Belgium  as  a  preliminary 
condition.  He  did  not  mention  that 
England  through  the  papal  Secretari- 
ate of  State  had  asked  for  certain  dec- 
larations apt  to  bring  the  belligerents 
into  agreement. 

At  a  crown  council  held  Sept.  11, 
1917,  Dr.  Michaelis  received  the  Em- 
peror's permission  to  declare  "upon 
occasion"  (gegebenenfalls)  that  Ger- 
many was  ready  to  restore  the  inde- 
pendence of  Belgium.  Hence  he  was  in 
a  position  to  give  the  assurance  which 
Engiand  demanded.  But  he  did  not  do 
so.  On  Sept.  19  he  informed  the  papal 
curia  that  the  imperial  government 
agreed  Avith  the  wishes  of  His  Holiness 
and  that  the  Pope  could  depend  on  its 
"loyal  support"  (iiberzeugungstreue 
Unterstiitzung).  The  fact  that  he 
omitted  all  reference  to  Belgium, 
though  he  was  authorized  to  give  the 
desired  assurance,  and  in  spite  of  the 
peace  resolution  which  had  meanwhile 
passed  the  Reichstag,  shows  that  the 
Chancellor  was  not  ready  to  make  peace. 
This  appeared  still  more  plainly  from 


294 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


.lulv  15 


the  formal  reply  he  made  to  the  pa])al 
nuncio  on  Sept.  24,  to  the  effect  that 
the  imperial  ^'overnment  was  not  in 
a  position  to  pive  any  assurance  as  to 
its  intentions  regarding  Belgium  be- 
cause certain  preliminary  conditions 
had  not  j-et  been  sufficiently  cleared  up. 

This  letter  marked  the  failure  of  the 
papal  peace  overture.  Why  did  Dr. 
Miehaelis  decline  the  papal  interven- 
tion .'  The  year  1917  Avas  that  of  the 
Luther  jubilee,  and  Germany  was  flood- 
ed with  violent  pamphlets  and  news- 
paper articles  against  Rome,  the  Pope, 
and  the  "Black  International."  Dr. 
Miehaelis  was  active  in  this  anti-Roman 
movement.  Only  a  few  weeks  before 
his  elevation  to  the  chancellorship  he 
had  contributed  a  chapter  to  a  book  en- 
titled "Was  uns  Luther  heute  noch 
ist,''  which  chapter  soon  after  his  ap- 
pointment to  that  high  office,  was  sep- 
arately circulated  as  "  Kanzlerw' orte 
iiber  Luther."  Having  assumed  this 
attitude,  the  Chancellor  and  his  col- 
leagues could  not  consistently  accept 
a  peace  offered  through  the  mediation 
of  the  Pope,  whom,  as  good  Lutherans, 
they  regarded  as  the  "Scarlet  Wo- 
man" and  the  "Anti-Christ."  Thus 
the  last  cliance  for  a  negotiated  peace 
went  aglimmering,  the  war  continued, 
and  the  German  people  had  to  drain 
the  bitter  chalice  to  the  dregs,  thanks 
to  the  anti-Catholic  bigotrj^  of  its  prime 
mini.ster. 

These  revelations  have  created  a  sen- 
sation in  Germany  and  cannot  but  re- 
dound to  the  advantage  of  the  Catholic 
Church. 


A  Jesuit  Father  and  the  Devil 

Father  A.  Gille,  S.  J.,  editor  of  the 
Catholic  Herald  of  India,  on  his  recent 
trip  through  Burma,  "very  nearly 
came  upon  the  devil."  At  Rangoon, 
he  relates  (C.  H.  of  I.,  Vol.  XXIII,  No. 
] 5 ) ,  "a  parish  priest  spoke  to  me  about 
a  liaunted  house  in  which  the  most  re- 
markabk'  things  had  occurred  almost 
daily  for  several  years.  Things  flying 
through  the  air,  rice  and  coffee  changed 
into  sand  and  mud,  statues  of  the  Sa- 
cred Heart  and  St.  Antony  broken  to 
bits,  praj^er  books  torn,  relics  vanishing 


instantaiieously,  boxes  closed  with  fun- 
ny knots  of  a  most  complex  design, 
black  dogs  i)assing  through  the  closed 
room,  the  weirdest  phenomena  occur- 
ring in  the  presence  of  the  inmates,  a 
pious  Catholic  family  of  Tamils,  who 
took  it  all  perfectly  cooly  and  said  they 
did  not  mind  as  the  devil  could  not 
touch  them.  I  meant  to  see  things  for 
myself  and  the  i)arish  priest  very  kind- 
ly took  me  to  the  house  ....  A  most 
curious  object  was  shown  me.  Some- 
body had  left  a  rosary  on  the  table,  and 
a  few  minutes  later  found  that  all  the 
beads  had  disappeared  leaving  the  chain 
lying  intact.  The  chain  of  a  rosary  is 
a  rather  complicated  entanglement  of 
thin  wire,  and  I  examined  it  carefully. 
It  bore  no  trace  of  violence ;  every  bit 
of  wire  was  hooked  on  to  the  next  in 
the  usual  way,  but  the  wooden  beads 
were  gone.  Another  corpus  delicti  of 
the  devil's  was  a  thick  prayer  book 
curiously  indented  at  the  centre  of  tho 
edge :  it  looked  as  though  two  fingers 
had  pressed  the  pages  and  neatly 
pulled  oft'  a  whole  lump,  the  surface  of 
an  eight-anna  coin,  without  tearing  a 
single  one  of  the  hundred  or  so  leaves 
that  composed  its  thickness.  Whilst 
the  parish  priest  was  busy  blessing  the 
rooms  and  pasting  badges  on  the  walls, 
I  examined  every  corner,  strayed  into 
dark  nooks,  examined  the  faces  of  the 
inmates  from  a  distance,  tried  theories, 
waiting  for  something  to  happen,  and 
nothing  happened.  A  few  hours  after 
we  had  gone,  there  was  again  the  dcA-il 
of  a  row,  all  the  badges  pasted  on  the 
walls  vanishing  in  an  instant,  but  I  was 
no  more  interested.  The  devil  had  re- 
fused me  an  ocular  demonstration,  not 
wishing  to  get  into  the  papers,  I  sup- 
pose, and  I  lost  all  interest." 

One  of  the  most  absurd  things  is 
sticking  to  an  opinion  because  it  was 
yours  yesterday.  If  your  mind  is  grow- 
ing and  your  outlook  broadening,  there 
will  be  necessity  for  perpetual  correc- 
tion. 


Excessive  stubbornness  is  the  result 
of  egotism.  We  hold  an  opinion  be- 
cause it  is  ours,  and  not  because  it  is 
true. 


]925 


THE    FORTXIGHTLY    REVIEW 


295 


The  Revolutionary  Movement,  Secret  Societies,  and  the 
Cult  of  Humanity 

By   Robert   R.    Hull,    Huntington,    Ind. 

(III.     Conclusion) 


The  secret  society  is  particularly 
adapted  to  the  purposes  of  the  revo- 
lutionist. If  the  trouble  is  taken  to 
carefully  study  the  writings  of  such 
revolutionary  leaders  as  the  Freemason, 
General  Albert  Pike,  it  will  be  found 
that  what  they  desire  is  not  democracy, 
but  the  rule  of  a  secret  oligarchy,  a  sys- 
tem of  "concealed  superiors"  such  as 
that  conceived  in  the  mind  of  Adam 
Weishaupt.  The  revolutionists,  relying 
on  their  subtlety  to  avoid  discovery, 
build  up  a  hierarchy  of  darkness.  Only 
the  unseen  person  who  is  directing  the 
whole  system,  may  know  how  wide  is 
the  range  of  the  revolutionary  empire, 
who  are  those  that  compose  it  and  what 
is  its  final  objective.  The  duty  of  blind 
obedience  is  imposed  on  the  rank  and 
file,  and  no  underling  knows  any  of  his 
superiors,  save  the  one  immediately 
above  him. 

The  revolutionists  are  not  friends  of 
Labor,  for  as  soon  as  they  get  into 
power,  the  unions  are  abolished,  if  they 
cannot  be  absorbed  into  the  body  of 
the  revolutionary  State.  AVhile  they 
may  pretend  that  such  and  such  things 
are  their  objectives,  the  revolutionists 
really  have  no  goal.  All  they  wish  to 
do  is  to  subvert  and  keep  the  nation 
upon  which  they  seize  in  a  state  of  dis- 
order, so  that  they  may  saddle  their 
dictatorship  upon  it  the  more  easily. 
Mrs.  Webster's  chapter  dealing  with 
Socialism,  in  Secret  Societies  and  Sub- 
versive Movements,  truly  "goes  to  the 
roots."  She  corrects  the  prevalent 
misapprehension  that  predatory  Cap- 
italism has  something  to  fear  from  So- 
cialism. Indeed,  there  is  every  indica- 
tion that  many  Socialist  agitators  are 
heavily  subsidized.  The  Socialist 
movement  never  lacks  for  funds.  From 
what  sources  do  these  funds  come 
if  not  from  capitalists  who  believe 
they  stand  a  chance  to  profit  by  rev- 
olution ? 


The  fuglemen  of  revolution  are  in 
possession  of  the  field.  Writers  whose 
avowed  purpose  is  to  overthrow  Chris- 
tian civilization,  market  their  produc- 
tions with  the  greatest  ease.  They  are 
generously  rewarded,  and  many  of  them 
accumulate  large  fortunes.  The  blind- 
ness of  conservatism,  which  seems  un- 
willing to  support  literary  talent  to  de- 
fend it,  is  taken  advantage  of.  Radical- 
ism, besides  subsidizing  all  the  mer- 
cenary pens  within  its  reach,  eagerly 
searches  for  new  blood. 

The  first  step  in  the  revolutionary 
game  is  the  centralization  of  power  in 
the  hands  of  demagogues.  The  climax 
of  the  French  Revolution  came  imme- 
diately after  the  ascendancy  of  the 
"third  estate,"  composed,  for  the 
most  part,  of  petit-bourgeois  lawyers. 
Behind  the  cloak  of  an  ascendancy  of 
"the  proletariat,"  the  revolutionary 
conspirators  manage  to  aggrandize 
themselves  by  skilful  moves,  allegedly 
in  the  interest  of  the  people,  but  in 
reality  for  selfish  ends. 

Mrs.  Webster  distinguishes,  in  the 
mechanism  of  Revolution,  between  in- 
stigators, agitators,  and  instruments. 
The  instigators  seldom  show  themselves, 
but  the  agitators  are  very  prominent 
in  the  preparation  of  coups.  They,  in 
turn,  retire  and  leave  the  field  to  their 
instruments,  who  are  usually  profes- 
sional gangsters,  always  ready  to  hand 
for  a  little  money.  Ex-convicts  and 
outlaws  are  the  most  proficient  at  the 
work  of  violence.  The  soldiery  will  be 
corrupted,  as  before  the  invasion  of  the 
Tuilleries,  by  an  army  of  harlots.  In- 
deed, it  is  most  important  that  the 
morals  of  the  country's  militia  be  un- 
dermined in  advance,  for  it  may  go 
hard  with  the  revolutionists  if  they 
move  too  hastily.  Revolutionists  are 
generally  able  to  find  a  few  ex-priests, 
ready  to  lead  a  schismatic  movement. 
And  to  this  department  of  revolution- 


296 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


Julv   15 


ary  activity  belongs  tlie  theory  of  a 
"Johannine"  hierarchy,  the  rival  of 
the  chair  of  Peter,  which,  it  is  alleged, 
has  preserved  the  traditions  of  the 
Primitive  Church  undefiled.  As  it  is 
most  important  that  the  impression  be 
given  that  the  women  of  the  country 
are  in  their  favor,  male  revolutionists, 
disguised  as  women,  lead  the  hoAvling 
mobs  in  an  attack  on  the  capital,  and, 
out  of  the  lowest  women  of  the  city  and 
country  a  nucleus  for  a  body  of  female 
revolutionists  may  be  formed. 

Artificial  scares  are  a  commonplace 
in  all  revolutions.  An  "outrage  on 
the  people"  can  be  staged  more  effec- 
tivel}'  than  any  other  sort.  Fals<i 
charges  against  their  enemies  are  con- 
tinually fulminated  by  the  revolution- 
ists. The  wildest  rumors  will  be  de- 
liberately set  in  motion.  A  foreign  in- 
vasion, a  pretended  defeat  of  the  coun- 
try's armj^,  an  alleged  discovery  of  a 
"counter-revolutionary"  plot,  an  epi- 
demic of  disease— all  these  may  be 
taken  advantage  of  for  propaganda 
purposes.  Or,  it  may  be  possible,  as 
at  the  "battle"  of  Valmy,  to  arrange 
a  "retreat"  of  the  enemy,  by  an  under- 
standing with  revolutionaries  in  the 
enemy  army,  in  order  that  the  nation 
may  be  influenced  to  laud  the  revolu- 
tionary administration.  Revolutionists 
know  how  to  use  the  power  of  sugges- 
tion. If  no  other  way  appears,  the 
revolutionists  themselves,  supplied  with 
ready  funds,  will  buy  up  all  the  food 
in  sight,  and  then,  after  creating  an 
artificial  famine,  incite  the  people 
against  the  "profiteers"  (always,  need- 
less to  say,  the  opponents  of  revolu- 
tion), who  are  alleged  to  be  hoarding. 
Whenever  there  is  desperate  need,  as- 
sassination is  resorted  to.  The  death 
of  a  nation's  ruler,  to  be  brought  about 
in  one  way  or  another,  is  ordered  in  ad- 
vance. The  deaths  of  Louis  XIV  of 
France  and  Gustavus  III  of  Sweden 
are  said  to  have  been  decreed  at  a  Ma- 
sonic Congress,  held  in  1786  in  Frank- 
fort. 

Only  a  word  need  be  said  concerning 
the  part  of  the  people  iii  revolutions. 
On  only  one  occasion,  the  storming  of 
the  Bastille,  can  it  be  said  that  the  true 


people  of  France  acted  during  the 
whole  course  of  the  revolution.  The 
real  people  are  unorganized,  and  the 
tyrants  know  it;  but  the  tyrants  fill 
the  galleries  with  their  paid  henchmen, 
who  shout  approval  at  the  proper  time, 
in  order  to  make  it  appear  that  their 
edicts  are  approved  by  the  people.  The 
true  people  of  France  were  content 
with  the  reforms  which  had  been  ac- 
cepted by  their  king  and  brought  about 
with  the  cooperation  of  all  parties. 
Only  the  professional  revolutionists, 
who  afterwards  worked  their  will  dur- 
ing the  great  Terror,  opposed  these  re- 
forms. Revolutionists  do  not  want  re- 
form. Real  amelioration  of  abuses  de- 
feats the  revolutionary  game.  And  how 
significant  is  this  point.  Hoav  charac- 
teristic of  revolutionists  everywhere  in 
the  world ! 

The  revolutionary  tradition  has  been 
preserved,  first,  by  actually  subsidized, 
and  second,  by  biased,  historians.  Car- 
lyle  was  supported  by  the  bounty  of 
Frederick  the  Great,  whose  ambition 
was  to  destroy  France.  The  revolu- 
tion has  attained  a  partial  success  in 
Latin  countries  and  has  greatly  in- 
fluenced the  people  of  Great  Britain 
and  the  United  States.  In  the  latter 
countries  it  has  been  so  far  checked  by 
the  loyalty  of  the  majority  of  the  pop- 
ulation to  constitutional  government. 
A  common  anti-Christian  interest  has 
united  the  revolutionists  of  all  coun- 
tries. Add  to  this  the  conspiracy  of 
publishers  and  literary  men  who  unite 
in  praising  all  Jacobins  and  in  abusing 
or  treating  with  contempt  all  conser- 
vatives. Persistent  defamation  of  their 
opponents  has  been  only  one  part  of 
the  game  of  the  revolutionists.  Such 
are  the  methods  by  which  the  tradition, 
in  spite  of  the  Reign  of  Terror  and  its 
aftermath  of  the  Napoleonic  wars,  in 
spite  of  the  desolation  which  the  World 
Revolution  has  spread  around  the 
globe,  and  in  spite  of  every  failure,  has 
been  preserved.  Long  ago  would  Ja- 
cobinism have  died,  Mrs.  Webster  be- 
lieves, had  it  not  been  supported  by  a 
conspiracy. 

The  remedy  for  injuries  is  not  to 
remember  them. 


'1925 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    EEVIEW 


297 


A  Just  and  Sober  Estimate  of  Anatole 
France 

It  may  seem  somewhat  belated  to 
write  either  in  praise  or  in  disparage- 
ment of  ' '  the  genius  of  Anatole 
France."  So  much  has  been  said  about 
the  wit  and  irony  and  esprit  of  the  man 
who  died  last  October,  and  who  has  been 
hailed  as  one  of  the  greatest  littera- 
teurs of  the  age,  that  it  is  needless  to 
add  to  the  mass  of  critical  estimates. 
Those  who  have  definitively  placed  the 
ironic  Frenchman  on  their  list  of  the 
world's  great  writers  can  not  be  per- 
suaded to  change  their  opinion,  even 
under  pressure  of  convincing  proof 
that  the  man  they  admire  lacked  pre- 
cisely those  qualities  which  make  for 
permanent  greatness  in  the  temple  of 
literary  fame. 

Lately,  however,  we  have  come  across 
one  of  the  sanest  estimates  Ave  have  yet 
read  of  the  literary  position  of  this 
cynic,  whom  the  critics  have  lauded  to 
the  skies.  It  is  a  well-reasoned,  cool- 
tempered,  but  at  the  same  time  crush- 
ing criticism  of  the  leering  sceptic.  The 
fact  that  it  was  written  by  a  country- 
man of  France  makes  the  verdict  all 
the  more  notable  Even  in  dealing  his 
most  bitter  blows  the  critic  keeps  his 
poise  and  composure.  It  is  a  model  of 
critical  restraint,  of  which  we  have 
inifortunately  too  little  in  our  literary 
reviews. 

The  criticism  in  question  was  \A^ntten 
for  the  Rev  lie  des  Objections  (Vol.  V, 
No.  2),  a  Catholic  apologetic  review 
under  the  editorship  of  the  famous 
preacher,  Canon  Stephen  Coube.  The 
author  shows  conclusively  that  under 
all  his  apparent  large-mindedness  and 
tolerance  (which  have  been  proclaimed 
ad  nauseam  by  the  admirers  of  the  late 
litterateur),  Anatole  France  was 
dominated  by  hatred  of  the  Superna- 
tural ("la  haine  du  surnaturel.") 
It  is  a  serious  oharge  to  bring  against 
any  man  and  it  is  not  the  first  time  the 
indictment  has  been  hurled  against  a 
French  writer.  "Hatred  of  the  Super- 
natural" is  indeed  a  serious  handicap 
to  a  man  who  enters  upon  a  literary 
career  and  aims  to  become  a  world 
figure  in  his  profession.  Sooner  or 
later  he  is  apt  to  be  betrayed  into  in- 


consistencies and  mistakes  on  account 
of  this  restriction  of  his  horizon  to  the 
narroAv  limits  of  sense  and  time. 

The  author  of  the  criticism  supports 
his  contention  that  Anatole  France 
hated  the  Catholic  world-view  and  the 
Supernatural  by  an  analysis  of  that 
writer's  treatment  of  the  character  of 
Joan  of  Arc.  Any  one  not  carried 
away  by  blind  admiration  for  France 
will  admit  the  justice  of  the  criticism 
in  La  Revue  des  Objections. 

Thus  this  highly  overrated  man,  to 
whom  more  than  once  has  been  applied 
the  epithet  "Olympian,"  in  the  sense 
of  a  supreme,  majestic  god  toAvering 
above  all  the  lesser  gods  in  the  literary 
Pantheon,  sinks  to  a  subordinate  place 
in  the  host  of  modern  Avriters,  Avho  un- 
fortunatel}'  abused  their  splendid  gifts 
to  forge  impotent  weapons  with  a  vicAV 
of  turning  men  permanently  from  the 
love  and  pursuit  of  Christian  ideals. 
(Rev.)  Albert  Muntsch,  S.  J. 


Notes  and  Gleanings 


In  his  latest  pamphlet,  "Burning 
Questions,"  Father  John  McGuire,  S. 
J.,  of  Chicago,  deals  with  higher  educa- 
tion, "laAvles>3  legislation,"  the  Bible  in 
the  public  schools,  prohibition,  and  the 
Christian  home.  Like  the  F.  R.,  Fr. 
McGuire  does  not  believe  that  a  Catho- 
lic chaplain  at  a  secular  college  or  uni- 
versity can  neutralize  the  dangers  of 
atheism,  infidelity,  and  religious  indif- 
ference to  which  Catholic  students  are 
exposed  there,  but  that  Catholic  par- 
ents are  in  duty  bound  to  send  their 
boys  and  girls  to  institutions  of  learn- 
ing "where  the  importance  of  eternal 
salvation  is  ever  emphasized  and  co- 
pious means  are  furnished  for  obtain- 
ing it."  In  regard  to  lawmaking,  he 
holds  that  "a  multitude  of  laws  spells 
national  Aveakness, "  and  our  govern- 
m.ent  is  consequently  ' '  standing  on  feet 
of  clay."  The  prohibition  law  he  con- 
siders a  grievious  failure,  Avhich  the 
people  Avill  undo  as  soon  as  they  have 
a  chance.  The  paper  on  the  home  and 
its  dangers  is  directed  against  those 
who  regard  the  family  and  the  individ- 
ual as  mere  creatures  of  the  State,  Avith 


298 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    EEVIEW 


July  15 


110  rights  but  those  the  State  is  pleased 
to  grant  them.  He  combats  divorce  and 
mixed  marriages  and  makes  a  strong 
plea  for  the  restoration  of  the  Chris- 
tian home  from  Avliich  alone  salvation 
can  come  to  the  body  politic  in  its 
present  alarming  condition.  The  pam- 
phlet makes  refreshing  reading,  and  we 
hope  it  will  be  widely  circulated.  (Ben- 
ziger  Brothers.) 


A  reviewer  in  the  N.  Y.  America 
(Vol.  XXXIII,  No.  6)  calls  attention 
to  the  fact  that  the  Correspondence  of 
Theodore  Roosevelt  and  Henry  Cabot 
Lodge,  which  appeared  serially  in  a 
number  of  daily  newspapers  and  is  now 
available  in  book  form  (Scribners),  is 
incomplete  and  therefore  great  care 
must  be  exercised  in  using  the  letters 
for  historical  purposes.  ' '  The  full  story 
has  not  been  told,"  he  says;  "with 
typical  discretion  and  prudence  Mr. 
Lodge  has  clearly  suppressed  many 
documents  that  are  needed  for  a  com- 
plete record."  We  may  add  that  not 
all  the  letters  that  are  printed  are 
printed  in  full,  but  excisions  have 
plainly  been  made.  This  tendential 
editing  of  documents  is  becoming  ra- 
ther common  of  late,  and  the  profes- 
sional historians  ought  to  protest 
strongly  against  it,  so  that  not 
only  will  the  unsophisticated  pub- 
lic be  protected  against  deceit,  but 
all  such  collections  as  the  AValter  Hines 
Page-Wilson  and  the  Roosevelt-Lodge 
correspondence  will  be  relegated  to  the 
realm  of  quasi-sources  which  cannot 
be  emploj'ed  for  strictly  historical  pur- 
poses except  with  the  greatest  caution 
and  reserve. 


' '  AVinning  the'  Lodge-Man, ' '  by  the 
Rev.  Theodore  Graebner,  professor  in 
the  Lutheran  Concordia  Seminaiy,  is 
"A  Handbook  of  Secret  Societies"  de- 
signed mainly  for  the  use  of  Lutheran 
ministers  and  laymen  who  wish  to  ac- 
quaint themselves  with  the  attitude  of 
their  church  towards  secret  societies  in 
general  and  certain  prominent  secret 
societies  in  particular.  The  first  part, 
a  pamphlet  of  100  octavo  pages,  con- 
tains an  introduction  on  "Lodge  Re- 


ligion and  Christianity"  and  separate 
chapters  on  Freemasonry,  the  Mystic 
Shrine,  the  Odd  Fellows,  the  Elks',  the 
Modern  Woodmen  of  America,  the 
Woodmen  of  the  World,  the  Knights 
of  Pythias,  the  Royal  Arcanum,  the 
Improved  Order  of  Red  Men,  the  For- 
esters, the  Loyal  Order  of  Moose,  and 
the  Fraternal  Order  of  Eagles.  Dr. 
Graebner,  from  his  Lutheran  point  of 
view,  and  in  the  light'  of  his  own  re- 
searches, arrives  at  practically  the  same 
conclusions  concerning  all  these  so- 
cieties as  Arthur  Preuss  in  his  "Dic- 
tionary of  Secret  and  Other  Societies, ' ' 
from  which  he  makes  copious  citations. 
A  second  installment  is  to  follow.  (Pri- 
vately published  by  the  author,  3618 
Texas  Ave.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.) 

John  M.  Manly,  head  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  English  in  the  I'niversity  of 
Chicago,  has  announced  tliat  work  will 
begin  this  year  at  that  institution  on 
a  "Dictionary  of  American  English." 
The  work  will  be  under  the  supervision 
of  Professor  William  A.  Craigie,  who  is 
coming  to  Chicago  from  Oxford.  He 
will  be  assisted  by  two  professors  of 
American  birth  and  training"  and  by  a 
research  assistant  and  two  fellows,  who 
will  devote  their  whole  time  to  the 
work.  Professor  Craigie  was  chosen 
for  this  task  because  of  his  twenty-eight 
years'  experience  on  the  famous  New 
English  (or  Oxford)  Dictionary. 

Mr.  Arthur  Brisbane  recently  refer- 
red to  St.  Peter  Canisius  in  the  follow- 
ing terms:  "A  fierce  fighter  was  old 
Canisius,  the  Dutch  Jesuit,  and  hard 
things  he  would  cheerfully  have  done 
to  Martin  Luther  had  he  got  hold  of 
him."  America  (Vol.  XXXIII,  No. 
8)  points  out  that  there  are  almost  as 
many  errors  in  this  statement  as  there 
are  words.  Canisius  was  not  a  Dutch- 
man, but  a  German.  He  was  not  fierce, 
but  of  a  mild  and  gentle  disposition. 
He  did  not  come  in  contact  with  Lu- 
ther, who  died  in  1546,  when  Canisius 
was  not  yet  twenty-five  years  of  age 
and  a  young  Jesuit  of  but  three  years' 
standing  as  a  priest.  He  never  saw 
Luther  and  never  even  mentions  his 
name  in  his  voluminous  Avritings.     "It 


1925 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


299 


A     MODERN     CONSOLE 


THE    SYMPHONIC    ORGAN 


Product  of  the 


E.    F.    WALCKER    &    CO. 

ORGAN       BUILDING      FIRM, 
Ludwigsburg,     Germany. 


Is  Guaranteed  of  The  Highest  Tonal 
Perfection,  and  Most  Perfect  Construc- 
tion,   by   Builders    and    Designer. 

In  its  smaller  sizes  it  is  being  built  in 
St.  Louis,  under  the  personal  supervision 
of 

ADOLPH  B.  SUESS, 

ART   CHURCH    FURNISHINGS. 
1314  Lynch   Ave.  East  St.   Louis,  111. 


was  not  the  man,  but  his  attacks  on  the 
Catholic  faith  which  engaged  his  at- 
tention ....  There  was  no  enmity  in 
the  heart  of  this  great  man,  no  bitter- 
ness in  his  words,  and  only  gentleness 
and  love  in  his  deeds.  Because  he  was 
a  holy  as  well  as  a  learned  man,  he 
treated  the  Brisbanes  of  his  day  with 
meekness  and  forbearance," — an  ex- 
ample which  the  Jesuit  editor  of 
America  does  not  see  fit  to  imitate,  for 
he  calls  Arthur  Brisbane  a  "flip,  su- 
perficial,   pretentious    and    ignorant'' 

scribe.  

The  Rev.  Dr.  A.  E.  Breen,  of  St. 
Francis  Seminary,  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  in 
a  brochure  entitled  "The  Way  to 
Peace,"  outlines  a  plan  whereby,  in  his 
opinion,  the  United  States,  co-operating 
with  the  other  nations  of  the  world, 
might  abolish  w^ar.  He  rejects  the 
League  of  Nations,  which  "has  accom- 
plished nothing  worthy  of  note,"  and 
suggests  that  the  World  Court  be  sep- 
arated from  the  League  of  Nations  and 
its  powers  extended  so  as  to  make  it 
a  sort  of  perfected  Hague  tribunal.  In 
order  that  the  World  Court  may  be  ef- 
fective,   an   international    pact,    essen- 


tially different  from  the  League  of  Na- 
tions, should  be  established ;  all  nations 
should  pledge  themselves  not  to  under- 
take any  act  of  war  until  the  World 
Court  shall  have  rendered  decision  on 
the  rights  involved ;  and  the  sanctions 
of  all  decisions  rendered  by  the  Court 
should  be  purely  moral.  The  World 
Court  would  mobilize  the  moral  forces 
of  the  human  race.  Whether  it  would 
be  strong  enough  in  times  of  acute 
crisis  is  a  question ;  but  the  ideal  is  an 
exalted  one  and  practical  enough  to  be 
seriously  considered. 


AVliy  do  the  census-takers  so  marked- 
ly neglect  the  sect  of  the  Pharisees? 
It  is  the  largest  religious  body  in  the 
w^orld. 


It  was  distinctly  worth  while  to  re- 
print Fr.  Berard  Vogt's  lecture  on 
"Scholasticism  and  Modern  Thought" 
as  a  separate  pamphlet  from  the  report 
of  the  21st  annual  meeting  of  the  Ca- 
tholic Educational  Association.  It  is 
a   most   timely   and   useful   paper,   in 


300 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


Julv   J 3 


which  the  learned  Franciscan  shows 
how  Scholastic  philosopln-  differs  from 
present-day  systems  of  thoiio:ht  and 
how  the  modern  mind,  thirsting  after 
positive  truth  and  real  values,  is  grad- 
ually finding  its  way  back  from  relativ- 
ism and  the  Kantian  vagaries  to  Scho- 
lasticism with  its  theocentric  concep- 
tion of  the  universe,  its  belief  in  the 
power  of  the  human  soul  to  reach  the 
objective  truth,  and  its  metaphysical 
temperament.  The  author  pays  special 
attention  to  the  growth  of  what  he  calls 
"the  neo-realistie  movement"  in  Ger- 
many and  other  countries,  including 
our  own.  Fr.  Berard  is  the  man  who 
could  give  us  a  splendid  book  on  the 
subject,  for  he  is  not  only  familiar  with 
Scholasticism,  but  has  made  a  careful 
study  of  modern  thought  both  in  the 
scientific  and  the  speculative  domain. 
Meanwhile  we  recommend  the  careful 
study  of  this  pamphlet  to  all  who  are 
interested  in  the  subject  and  who,  like 
ourselves,  are  eagerly  expecting  the 
neAv  Aquinas  who  Avill  give  us  what  Fr. 
Berard  calls  "a  rejuvenated  and  com- 
pleted scholastic  synthesis,"  without 
which  the  old  truths  cannot  be  expected 
to  exercise  their  full  appeal  to  the  mod- 
ern soul,  immersed  as  it  is  in  preconcep- 
tions and  prejudices. 


Tlie  F.  R.  heartily  joins  in  the 
praises  of  Mr.  James  Loeb  which  are 
being  sung  on  all  sides.  By  now  every 
English-speaking  scholar  knows  the 
Loeb  Classical  Library,  which  is  to 
give  us,  in  the  long  run,  practically 
the  whole  of  the  Greek  and  Latin  clas- 
sics in  their  original  languages  and 
with  English  translations.  Hardly 
was  this  princely  enterprise  begun 
when  tlie  war  broke  out,  but  the  work 
has  gone  on  steadil.y,  and  there  are  al- 
ready more  than  L50  volumes  of  the  li- 
brary available.  Mr.  Loeb  is  still  ac- 
tive at  sixty,  and  Ave  wish  him  health 
and  strength  to  preside  for  many  years 
over  his  vast  undertaking. 


Salvatorian   College 

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Our  sorrows  sanctified  become  our 
holiest  treasures ;  a  life  without  sorrow 
would  be  arid  as  a  garden  without  rain 
or  dew. 


POSITION  WANTED,  as  a  teacher,  pn-fer- 
ablv  of  Latin  or  Greek,  by  young  Catholic 
gentleman  who  has  had  a  classical  and 
seminary  course  and  is  equipped  for  teaching 
almost  any  branch  usually  taught  in  high 
school  or  seminary.  Has  good  recommenda- 
tions and  is  willing  to  work  hard.  Apply  to 
J.   A.  K.   c/o  Fortnightly  Eeview. 

FOE  SALE:  An  excellent,  Improved 
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ten  foot  Avide,  sixteen  foot  high,  in  front  cen- 
ter, seven  foot  deep.  Will  be  revoiced  and 
refinished,  in  modern  style.  Was  disj^laced  by 
a  new  Symphonic  organ,  of  larger  registra- 
tion. Will  be  erected  within  a  radius  of  three 
hundred  miles,  for  Two  Thousand  Six  Hun- 
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when  erected  in  church.  Adolpli  B.  Suess, 
1314  Lynch  Ave.,  East  St.  Louis,  Illinois. 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


301 


POSITION  WANTED,  as  choir  director  and 
organist,  by  a  man  competent  in  plain  cliant, 
harmony,  rubrics,  counterpoint,  etc.  Am 
willing  to  serve  wherever  a  man  is  wanted  to 
direct  the  music  according  to  the  will  of  the 
Church.  I  am  a  pupil  of  the  late  Professor 
John  Singenberger,  of  St.  Francis,  Wis.  Ad- 
dress A.  B.  C,  c/o  Fortnightly  Review. 


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St.  Louis  J  Mo. 


J.  SELLMANN 

Tailor 


We  Specialize  on  All 
Clerical  Clothes 


3475  South  Grand  Boulevard 
Phone,  Grand   7832 


Jury  Warrants  Cashed 


Bell,  Main  1242 


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418  Market  Street 


ST.  LOUIS,  MO. 


Suggestions    for    the    Improvement    of    Our 
Church   Choirs 

To  the  Editor:  — 

In  the  Ecclesiastical  Bevieiv  (Vol.  LXXII, 
No.  6)  a  writer  who  says  he  is  "one  of  many 
who  have  experienced  the  trials  and  tribula- 
tions of  a  Catholic  organist, ' '  makes  some 
noteworthy  suggestions  for  the  improvement 
of  church  music.  In  order  to  obtain  better  re- 
sults, he  says,  three  things  are  necessary: 
(1)  the  firm  wish  and  will  of  the  pastor  to 
promote  good  church  music;  (2)  the  ability 
and  desire  of  the  organist  to  use  none  other; 
(3)  the  co-operation  of  talented  members  of 
the  parish  who  have  good  voices  and  are  at 
the  same  time  imbued  with  a  spirit  of  self- 
sacrifice,  willing  to  join  the  choir  and  to  at- 
tend  rehearsals   regularly. 

Difficulty  is  met  with  especially  in  regard 
to  the  last-mentioned  point, — so  much  so  that 
choir  directors  often  become  discouraged  and 
finally  seek  some  other  means  of  livelihood.  In 
addition  to  the  prevalent  spirit  of  frivolity 
and  pursuit  of  pleasure,  the  wjiter  says,  there 
is  another  reason  for  this  deplorable  con 
dition,  namely,  lack  of  co-operation  on  the 
part  of  pastors.  He  suggests  that  pastors  and 
curates  co-operate  in  this  matter:  (1)  by  fre- 
quently attending  the  rehearsals  and  encourag- 
ing organist  and  singers;  (2)  by  granting 
them  special  favors,  such  as  taking  them  on 
an  outing  or  excursion,  or  pi'oviding  other 
forms  of  amusement,  even  though  it  require 
a  financial  sacrifice  on  the  part  of  the  parish ; 
(3)  by  occasionally  referring  to  the  reward 
which  the  singers  earn  by  helping  to  make 
the  divine  services  more  solemn  and  impressive 
and  thus  edifying  those  in  attendance;  (4) 
by  encouraging  the  school  children  who  have 
good  voices  to  join  the  children's  choir, 
whence  they  may  later  on  be  advanced  to  the 
adult  choir.  Words  of  encouragement  should 
be  imparted  frequently,  so  that  the  children 
may  learn  the  significance  and  importance  of 
a  good  choir. 

No  doubt  there  would  be  a  marked  im- 
provement in  our  church  choirs  if  these  sug- 
gestions were  followed,  and  for  the  sake  of 
the  good  cause  the  F.  E.  is  asked  to  print  the 
above  synopsis  of  the  F.  E.  article.        H.  E. 


Catholics   and   Secular   Universities 

To  the  Editor:  — 

T.  J.  B.  in  his  comments  on  * '  Catholics  and 
the  State  Universities"  (Vol.  32,  No.  12,  p. 
257)  has  (unwittingly,  I  trust)  been  guilty 
of  several  inaccuracies.  The  subject  is  far 
more  important  than  one  would  surmise  from 
the  little  that  has  been  said  about  it  lately  in 
Catholic  publications. 

Any  one  connected  with  educational  work 
knows   that    among    Catholics    the    desire    for 


■602 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


July  15 


Catliolic  edueation  is  far  from  being  "prac- 
tically universal.''  It  is  sufficient  to  call  to 
mind  the  number  of  Catholics  at  state  uni- 
versities and  non-Catholic  higher  institutions 
of  learning,  to  prove  the  truth  of  this  state- 
ment. That  a  great  number  of  Catholics  ex- 
press a  Avish  to  have  their  children  attend 
Catholic  institutions  of  higher  education  is 
true,  but — and  there  's  the  rub- — many  of  them 
proceed  to  excuse  themselves  because,  you 
know,  the  future  prospects,  the  prestige,  and 
all  that,  ■will  be  better,  if  their  sons  and 
daughters  have  graduated  from  some  other 
school. 

The  expense  is  another  reason,  they  al- 
lege, why  their  children  do  not  attend  Cath- 
olic institutions.  Take  the\  trouble  to  con- 
sult a  dozen  state  universities  or  tax-sup- 
ported scliools  and  compare  them  with  a  like 
number  of  Catholic  institutions,  and  you  will 
have  a  surprise  waiting  for  you.  Only  re- 
cently I  had  the  opportunity  of  seeing  just 
such  a  survey,  and  the  average  showed  a 
difference  of  less  than  fifty  dollars  per  year 
in  favor  of  the  state  miiversities  and  the 
tax-supported  schools.  But  even  this  small 
amount  did  not  represent  the  true  situation, 
since  there  were  other  contingent  fees,  such 
as  the  payment  for  athletic  games  and  other 
student  activities  to  be  paid,  which  would 
reduce  the  total  still  more.  This  survey,  I 
may  add  further,  Avas  made  in  connection  Avith 
the  arts  and  science  departments  onlj',  the 
one  department  Avhere  the  state  uniA^ersities 
and  tax-supported  schools  have  a  big  ad- 
vantage over  Catholic  schools  of  the  same 
standard.  In  the  technical  and  vocational 
courses  there  is  no  advantage,  and  none 
was  to  be  expected,  from  a  merely  monetary 
expenditure. 

Again,  it  is  not  "within  very  recent  years" 
that  Creighton,  Marquette,  St.  Louis,  Loyola, 
Notre  Dame,  Eordham,  GeorgetoAvn  (to  men- 
tion only  a  few  Catholic  institutions)  have 
had  other  than  classical  courses.  Ten,  tAventy, 
thirty,  and  more  years  ago,  there  were  laAv, 
medicine,  engineering,  dentistry,  pharmacy, 
departments  at  some  of  these  schools.  Com- 
merce, business  administration,  journalism, 
architecture,  foreign  service,  social  service  are 
some  of  the  vocational  courses  to  be  had  at 
several  of  the  above  mentioned  schools. 

L^nfortunately,  "the  graduates  of  a  Cath- 
olic college  or  university"  in  some  places 
' '  do  not  always  find  it  so  easy  to  secure 
positions  as  the  graduates  from  another  col- 
lege, either  state  or  belonging  to  other 
churches. ' '  But  bigots  Ave  shall  have  Avith  us 
always,  though  they  may  not  always  have  their 
way,  or  find  it  convenient  to  manifest  their 
prejudice.  The  recent  decision  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States  spoke  in  no  un- 
certain terms  of  the  Avorth  and  patriotism  of 
the  Catholic  elementary  schools.  By  this 
decision  a  much  used  prop  has  been  knock- 
ed from  under  the  aforesaid  class.     It  is  for 


Teacher  ctnd  Organist  Wanted 

in  a  country  parish  near  St.  Louis.  Ap- 
ply to: 

J.  F.  H. 

c/o   Fortnightly  Review 


Thos.  F.  Imbs 

ARCHITECT 

STUDIO 

506  Wainwright  Bidg.  7th  and  Chestnut 


HENRY  P.  HESS 

ARCHITECT 
S.  W.  Cor.  Taylor  &  Page  Ave. 

Office   Tel.    Del.    5648 
Residence   Forest    7040 


Kstablished   1876 


THE  KALETTA  COMPANY 


CHURCH    STATUARY 

ALTARS,  RAILS 

CHURCH     FURNISHINGS 


Composition  iVlarble 

Terra  Cotta  Wood 

Cement  Stone 

IVlosaics   and  Oil    Paintings 

3715-21  California  Avenue 

ST.    LOUIS,    MO. 
Designs   submitted  Catalogue* 


Chalices  and  Ciboriums  Regilded 
Gold  and  Silver 


We  have  Episcopal  permission 
for  Gold  Plating  and  Eepairing 
of  Consecrated  Sacred  Vessels. 

Candlesticks,    Censers,    etc. 
Revarnished 


Mueller  Plating  Co. 

922  Pine  St.,  Second  Floor, 
ST.  LOUIS,  MO. 


1925 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


)03 


Catholic  institutions  to  meet  prejudice,  by 
arousing  a  just  public  opinion ;  demanding 
their  constitutional  rights,  where  there  is 
question  of  positions  in  tax-supported  schools; 
soliciting  assistance  from  state  and  nation- 
wide Catholic  organizations,  to  see  that  no 
injustice  or  discrimination  is  practised 
against  the  graduate  from  a  Catholic  institu- 
tion. It  is  a  supinely  conservative  attitude 
that  has  been  responsible  for  much  of  the 
unfairness    in    the    past. 

But  even  to-day  we  see  the  graduate  of  the 
Catholic  institution  getting  "a  fair  and 
square  deal. ' '  In  Wisconsin,  the  graduates 
of  Marquette  University,  in  open  competition 
with  tlie  graduates  of  the  State  University, 
have  won  places  of  distinction  and  public 
trust  throughout  the  State.  Teachers,  prin- 
cipals, and  superintendents  are  attending 
Marquette  in  increasing  numbers  each  year. 
In  St.  Louis,  Chicago,  Cincianati,  Omaha 
(to  mention  only  places  in  the  middle  Westj 
there  are  extension  courses  and  late  after- 
noon classes,  attended  each  year  in  increasing 
numbers  by  public  school  teachers.  These 
courses  are  being  pursued  not  onl}'  for  their 
cultural  value,  but  for  their  promotional 
effect   as   well. 

As  to  the  instance  cited,  of  the  four  Cath- 
olic girls  ' '  stepping  into  fine  teaching  posi- 
tions" because  they  had  taken  their  work  at  a 
Protestant  college  in  their  home  town,  little 
wonder  need  be  expressed  that  under  such 
ideal  Protestant — I  might  even  add,  prose- 
lytising— influences,  the  four  Catholic  daugh- 
ters found  such  favor.  Others  with  even  better 
surroundings  and  protection  than  that  af- 
forded by  a  Catholic  home  have  suffered  im- 
measurable harm  from  similar  environment. 
The  quotation  made  in  one  of  the  closing 
sentences,  "that  Protestant  teachers  are  not 
wanted  in  our  schools,  neither  are  Catholic 
teachers  wanted  in  Protestant  (meaning, 
public)  schools"  could  not  have  come  from  a 
representative  Catholic  or  from  one  whose 
word  has  weight  in  Catholic  circles.  In  near- 
ly all  the  departments  of  most  of  our  Cath- 
olic colleges  and  universities  there  are  Prot- 
estants on  the  faculty,  some  of  them  heads 
of    departments. 

In  conclusion,  let  me  assure  your  corres- 
pondent that  if  the  hope  expressed  in  the 
last  sentence  of  his  communication  is  not  a 
mere  wish,  but  a  real  desire,  he  will  find,  at 
the  proper  time,  by  using  the  proper  means, 
that  information  which  will  enable  his  "four 
youngsters ' '  to  procure  in  some  Catholic  in- 
stitution of  higher  education  the  courses  they 
will  need  to  fit  them  for  whatever  life-work 
they  have  in  mind.  G.  P.  S. 

THE  TREE 

By   Charles   J.    Quirk,    S.    J. 
The  fruit  of  woe  I  once  did  bear. 

That    brought   all   men    to    die. 
Now — on  my  heart — how  can  I  dare 

My  God  to  crucify! 


BOOK  REVIEWS 


An  Introduction  to   Church    History 

"An  Introduction  to  Church  History,''  by 
the  Rev.  Peter  Guilday,  Ph.  D.,  professor  of 
Church  History  in  the  Catholic  University  of 
America,  is  aptly  described  in  the  subtitle  as 
"A  Book  for  Beginners."  The  author's 
avowed  purpose  was  to  prepare  an  outline 
for  the  use  of  students  of  church  history,  a 
field  in  which  he  himself  is  not  only  a  dis- 
tinguished teacher,  but  has  achieved  enviable 
fame  by  his  biography  of  Archbishop  Carroll 
and  other  works.  In  seven  serried  chapters 
he  gives  the  traditional  teaching,  with  many 
new  ideas  and  applications  drawn  from  his 
own  practice,  of  the  meaning,  the  scope,  the 
value,  and  the  study  of  church  history,  the 
formation  and  mission  of  the  ecclesiastical 
historian,  and  a  survey  of  the  literature  of 
church  history. 

Dr.  Guilday  belongs  to  the  newer  school  of 
Catholic  chureh  historians  which  is  character- 
ized by  an  unbounded  devotion  to  the  truth 
and  thoroughly  trained  in  the  critical  method 
of  research.  In  his  opinion  there  can  be  no 
discrepancy  or  antagonism  between  dogmatic 
truth  and  historical  truth,  and  the  Church 
can  face  the  fierce  light  of  historic  e-riticism 
without  a  protecting  screen  or  a  reflecting 
medium.  In  the  words  of  one  of  the  writers 
whom  he  quotes,  "whatever  record  leaps  to 
light,  she  never  shall  be  shamed. ' '  But  we 
must  make  sure  of  the  authenticity  and  genu^ 
ineness  of  records. 

Unfortunatel},  as  Dr.  Guilday  mournfully 
observes,  very  little  worthy  of  the  subject 
has  been  done  in  the  field  of  church  history 
in  the  U.  S.  up  to  the  present.  ' '  Ecclesias- 
tiftal  history  as  a  science  distinct  from  the 
CharaMer'bildung  of  the  aspirants  to  the  Cath- 
olic ministry  has  not  yet  risen  above  the 
level  of  mediocrity  in  our  country.  The 
teaching  of  church  history  in  Catholic  colleges, 
seminaries,  and  religious  noviciat-S  is  Ijeiow 
the  standards  of  the  already  much  confused 
methods  in  use  in  non-sectarian  schools. " 
This  is  owing  mainly  to  the  fact  that  ' '  special 
training  for  teachers  of  history  in  American 
higher  schools  is  hardly  more  than  a  genera- 
tion old.''  In  our  Catholic  sdiools  it  mav  be 
said  to  have  begun  only  with  such  men  as 
Dr.  Guilday  himself  and  Dr.  Zwierlein,  of 
Rochester  Seminary,  the  first  volume  of  whose 
Life  of  Bishop  McQuaid  reached  us  almost 
simultaneously  with  Dr.  Guilday 's  book.  This 
' '  Introduction, "  we  sincerely  hope,  Avill  not 
only  become  a  text-book  in  all  our  higher 
schools,  but  also  find  a  wide  sale  among  the 
clergy  and  educated  Catholics  generally.  Its 
scholarship  is  of  the  highest,  and  it  has  all 
the  qualities  of  a  real  standard  work,  in- 
cluding a  very  full  index.  The  printer  has 
done  his  work  well,  and  such  slight  mis- 
prints as  MabilHon  (pp.  275  and  298)  and 
Sedeis   (p.  320)    can  easily  be  eliminated  in 


304 


THE    FOETNIGHTLY    EEVIEW 


Julv  1 


WiDMER  Engineering  Company 


ARCHITECTS 


LACLEDE  GAS  BUILDING 
ST.  LOUIS      -      MO. 


tlie  s('ciiii(l  (Mlitioii,  which  \\U\  iiuddubtedly  l)e 
called  for  very  soon.      (B.  Herder  Book  Co.) 

Literary  Briefs 

— A  timely  contribution  to  hagiography  is 
' '  The  Jesuit  Martyrs  of  North  America, ' '  by 
the  Eev.  John  J.  Wynne,  S.  J.  The  martyrs 
dealt  vv-ith  are  Isaac  Jogues,  John  de  Brebeuf, 
Gabriel  Lalemant,  Noel  Chabanel,  Antony 
Daniel,  Charles  Gamier,  Eene  Goupil,  and 
John  Lalande,  most  of  whom  laid  down  their 
lives  for  the  faith  in  ' '  Huronia  ' ' — that  part 
of  the  province  of  Ontario  now  known  as 
Simcoe  Co., — and  have  lately  been  beatified 
at  Eome.  Father  Wynne  was  well  qualified  to 
write  their  story,  for  he  is  the  vice-postulator 
of  their  cause  and  has  been  engaged  in  the 
study  of  their  lives  for  thirty-four  years.  His 
chief  source,  of  course,  have  been  the  Jesuit 
Eelations,  but  he  has  laid  under  contribution 
also  other  important  sources,  as  his  list  of 
references  and  his  bibliography  show.  The 
book  offers  ' '  the  first  connected  and  com- 
plete story  of  the  Martyrs  to  be  published  in 
this  country, ' '  and  is  embellished  with  several 
jiortraits  and  maps  that  add  greatly  to  its  at- 
tractiveness. New  York:  Universal  Knowl- 
edge Foundation). 

— Mr.  Edward  A.  Koch,  of  Germantown, 
111.,  has  printed  a  convenient  edition  of  the 
Litany  of  All  Saints  in  its  revised  form,  i.  e.. 


with  the  invocation,  ' '  Ut  omnes  errantes  a( 
unitatem  Eeclesiae  revocare,  et  infideles  uni 
versos  ad  Evangelii  lumen  perducere  digne 
ris, ' '  on  pasteboard  for  choirs.  The  card; 
measure  7  by  11  inches  and  bear  the  imprima 
tur  of  the  Bishop  of  Belleville.  They  will  b( 
found  useful  for  the  Eogation  Days. 

— It  was  a  happy  find  when  the  Eev.  K 
Eichstatter,  S.  J.,  discovered,  among  severa 
hundred  manuscripts  kept  in  Europeai 
libraries,  a  great  variety  of  prayers  anc 
devotions  in  honor  of  the  Sacred  Heart  oJ 
Jesus.  In  these  latter  days,  in  our  devotioi 
to  the  Saviour 's  loving  Heart,  we  have  re 
course  as  a  rule  to  the  rich  literature  tha' 
has  sprung  up  on  this  subject  since  the  days 
of  St.  Margaret  Mary.  In  Fathei 
Eichstatter's  ' '  Medieval  Devotions  to  thi 
Sacred  Heart ' '  we  have  access  to  prayeri 
almost  all  of  which  go  back  to  the  fifteentl 
century.  ' '  How  much  devotion  to  the  Saerec 
Heart  may  gain  to-day  in  depth  of  thought 
in  strength,  warmth  and  childlikeness,  these 
old  prayers  will,  by  repeated  use,  soon  show. ' 
The  dainty  little  volume  is  published  bj 
Burns,   Gates   and  Washbourne,   London. 

— ' '  Eeligious  OutUnes  for  Colleges, ' '  bj 
the  Eev.  John  M.  Cooper,  D.  D.  (Washing 
ton,  D.  C. :  The  Catholic  Educational  Press) 
is  the  first  of  a  four-volume  series  of  text 
books    of    religious    instruction    designed    tc 


]92o 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


305 


A  Catholic  newspaper  of  superior 
merit,  which  appeals  to  readers  outside 
of  its  own  local  environment.  It  con- 
tains a  great  deal  of  information  which 
will  not  be  found  in  any  other  paper. 

Father  P.  Eombouts,  of  New  Orleans, 
sajs  in  the  Dec.  15,  IIUM,  issue  of  the 
Fortnightly  Review.  "First  the  F.  R., 
second  Tlie  EcIlo — nnd  all  tlu'  rest  is 
simply   filling. ' ' 


SEND  FOE  A  SAMPLE   COPY 


THE  ECHO 

564  Dodge  St.         Buffalo.  N.  Y. 


A  True  Biography 

not  only  sIioavs  us  men  with  their 
halo,  but  also  their  delinquencies. 
You  find  this  rule  applies  to  all  true 
biographies,  ^Yith  only  one  excep- 
tion, namely,  that  of  Our  Lord  and 
Saviour. 

The  Prophetical  Biography  of 
Jesus  Christ 

is  a  most  notable  book,  written  by 
that   inspired   penman, 

Rev.   V.   KruU.    C.PP.S. 


For  sale  at  all  Catholic  Book  stores 
at  75  cts.  a  copy  or  direct  from  the 
Publisher, 

JOHN  W.  WINTERICH,  aEVELAND"^o. 


assist  teachers  in  the  last  year  of  the  high 
school  and  the  first  year  of  college.  Both 
pupils  and  teachers  who  use  the  little  volume 
will  have  to  do  some  studying  before  they 
go  to  class,  otherwise  both  may  Ije  embar- 
rassed at  times.  The  corporal  and  spiritual 
works  of  mercy  are  stressed  by  tlie  author. 
The  root  idea  is:  "Live  what  you  know!'' 
The  principle  of  correlation  runs  through  the 
volume.  The  book  stimulates  discussion  and 
gives  a  good  list  of  questions  and  useful 
bibliographical  references.  Dr.  Cooper  has 
struck  out  on  a  new  trail  in  the  matter  of 
religious  instruction  in  our  higher  schools, 
and  it  remains  for  teachers  to  test  the 
practical    value    of    his    method. 


New  Books  Received 

Introduciion  to  the  Bevout  Life.  By  St. 
Francis  de  Sales.  In  a  New  Translation 
by  Allan  Ross,  Priest  of  the  London  Ora- 
tory. (The  Orchard  Books — No.  5).  xxxv 
&   309  pp.   16mo.      Beuziger  Bros. 

*S'^.  Bonaventure's  Seminary  Year  Book,  1935. 
Edited  bv  the  Duns  Scotus  Theological 
Society.  Vol.  IX.  192  pp.  large  8vo.  Il- 
lustrated. Allegany,  N.  Y.:  St. 
Bonaventure  's   Seminary. 

Boy  Guidance.  A  Cnitrsp  in  Catholic  Boy 
Leadership.  Outlined  and  Edited  by  Rev. 
Kilian  Hennrich,  O.  M.  Cap.  Chief  Com- 
missioner Catholic  Boys'  Brigade,  ix  &  239 
pp.  12mo.     Benziger  Bros.  $2  net. 

St.  Michael,  the  Archangel,  the  Friend  of 
Purgatory.  4  pp.  32mo.  Now  Y'ork : 
Joseph  Schaefer,  23  Barclay  Str.  $1  per 
100.     (Leaflet). 

A  New  School  of  Gregorian  Chant.  By  the 
Rev.  Dom  Dominic  Johner,  O.  S.  B.,  of 
Beuron  Abbey.  Third  English  Edition, 
Based  upon  the  Fifth  Enlarged  German 
Edition  by  Dr.  Hermann  Erpf  and  Max 
Ferrars.  xvi  &  363  pp.  12mo.  Fr.  Pustet 
Co.,  Inc.     $2. 

Little  Sayings  of  the  Saints.  Chosen  and 
Edited  by  Anne  Scannell  O'Neill,  vi  cV 
138  pp.  32mo.  B.  Herder  Book  Co.  75 
cts.  net. 

Straight  Talk  to  Non-Catholics.  Is  the  Cath- 
olic Church  Intolerant?  By  C.  Pliny 
Windle.  16  pp.  12mo.  Chicago,  111.: 
Iconoclast  Publ.  Co.,  189  W.  Madison  Str. 
5  cts.      (Pamphlet). 

The  Leading  Facts  in  the  Wheeler  Case.  By 
Basil  Manly,  Director,  People's  Legislative 
Service.  22  pp.  4x8%  in.  Washington,  D. 
C. :  Wheeler  Defense  Committee,  506  Lenox 
Bldg.      (Pamphlet). 

The  End  of  the  World  and  of  Man.  By  D.  I. 
Lanslots,  O.  S.  B.  177  pp.  12mo.  Belmont, 
N.  C. :  Belmont  Abbey  Press.  For  sale  by 
Fr.  Pustet  Co.,  Inc.  $1.50  net. 


306 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


.Tulv  15 


A  SPRINKLE  OF  SPICE 


Mr.  George  INIannington,  in  his  recently 
published  book,  "The  West  Indies"  (Lon- 
don: Leonard  Parsons),  tells  a  story  in  which 
Xegro  thought  is  seen  working  along  Cauca- 
sian lines,  but  with  more  than  Caucasian 
directness.  * '  A  Negro  minister  anxious  to 
catch  a  train  hailed  a  cab,  but  the  driver  ob- 
jected on  the  double  ground  that  the  time 
was  insufficient,  and  that  no  colored  person 
had  ever  ridden  in  his  cab.  ''Well,  look 
here,"  replied  the  minister;  "you  want  your 
quarter-dollar  fare,  and  I  want  to  get  to  th.' 
station;  so  you  ride  inside,  and  I  will  drive; 
then  you  will  save  your  dignity  and  get  your 
fare,  and  I  shall  catch  my  train." 


Doctor:  "But,  my  dear  sir,  I  can't  pre- 
scribe whiskey  for  you  unless  I  am  convinced 
that  you  need  it.     What  are  your  symptoms?  ' ' 

Patient:  "Wliat  symptoms  would  you  sug- 
gest, doctor?" 


The  late  M.  Camille  Flammarion's  contri- 
bution to  a  symposium  on  the  subject  of  drink 
organised  some  years  ago  by  La  Revne  makes 
good  reading.  "You  are  good  enough  to  ask 
me, ' '  he  wrote,  ' '  whether  I  work  better  when 
I  drink  nothing  but  plain  water.  In  reply 
I  beg  to  state  that  I  have  never  tasted 
water,  and  that  I  regard  it  as  suitable  for 
external  usage.  I  drink  wine — du  bourgogne, 
du  cJiampagne,  du  bordeaux,  du  bleu,  du  rouge, 
du  rose,  du  gris — any  kind  of  wine  that  suits 
my  palate,  which  is  somewhat  fastidious.  My 
dear  old  grandfather,  who  was  a  winegrower, 
followed  the  same  regime  and  lived  to  be  close 
on  ninety. ' ' 


It  is  told  of  George  Washington  that  when 
a  colored  man  lifted  his  hat  to  him,  he  cour- 
teously lifted  his  own  in  return.  When  some 
of  his  friends  took  him  to  task,  he  said:  "Do 
you  suppose  that  I  am  going  to  permit  a  poor, 
unlettered  colored  man  to  be  more  polite  than 
I  am?" 


Dinner  was  late.  The  ' '  Missus  ' '  went  out 
into  the  kitchen  to  learn  the  reason  for  the 
delay  and  came  back  laughing  heartily.  "Oh, 
Katrinka  looks  so  funny,  John, ' '  she  inform- 
ed her  waiting  husband.  "The  cooking 
brandy  is  all  gone,  and  she 's  trying  to  knit 
a  sweater  out  of  the  spaghetti. ' ' 


JUST  PUBLISHED 


THE  HIGHER  LIFE 


By 

Rev.  Albert  Muntsch,  S.  J. 


Cloth,   8vo.,   XII   &   292   pages, 
Net  $1.75 


Though  religion  is  said  to  be  dying 
in  certain  sections  of  the  community 
there  is  no  subject  so  much  discussed 
and  so  much  debated  as  the  value  of 
religion  for  the  moral  life  of  a  people 
and  its  importance  as  a  factor  in  cul- 
tural and  social  progress.  Witness  the 
numerous  books  that  are  constantly 
pouring  from  the  press,  the  many 
works  of  fiction  with  a  religious 
"motif,"  and  the  "religious  sections" 
in  high-class  magazines  and  newspapers. 

In  "The  Higher  Life"  Rev.  Albert 
Muntsch,  S.  J.,  takes  up  the  challenge 
flung  down  by  those  writers  who  say  we 
can  get  along  without  religion.  He 
meets  the  issue  squarely,  in  modern  lan- 
guage, and  in  a  style  which  will  appeal 
at  once  to  the  reader.  Here  religion  is 
brought  down  ' '  out  of  the  clouds  ' '  and 
is  shoAvn  to  be  an  everyday,  necessary 
and  practical  matter.  There  is  no  appeal 
to  antiquated  authorities  and  no  playing 
upon  the  emotions.  It  is  a  plain  busi- 
ness-like talk  on  the  greatest  thing  in  the 
world. 

In  your  daily  life  you  will  meet  the 
unbeliever,  the  scoffer,  the  materialist, 
the  man  who  has  lost  hope  in  human 
nature,  the  fallen-away  Catholic.  If 
you  associate  at  all  with  thinking  per- 
sons you  will  hear  an  objection  which 
is  answered  in  ' '  The  Higher  Life. ' '  It 
is  just  the  book  to  give  to  an  inquiring 
friend.  It  uplifts,  it  upbuilds;  it  does 
not  attack  enemies  who  are  nowhere  to 
be  seen,  but  it  faces  the  facts  of  life. 


B.  Herder  Book  Co. 

17    South    Broadway,         St.   Louis,   Mo. 


1925 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    EEVIEW 


307 


Notice  of  Removal 

The  Offices  and  Salesrooms  of 

J.   Fischer    &    Bro. 

Publishers  of 

Church,    School,    and    Organ    Music    are 

now  located  at 

119  West  40th  Street 

New    York 

Between    Broadway    and    Sixth    Avenue. 

A  cordial  invitation  is  extended  to  the 
Eeverend  Clergy,  Sisters  and  organists, 
when  in  New  York,  to  pay  our  establish- 
ment a  visit. 


Churches,    Rectories,    Schools, 
Convents  and  Institutions. 

If    you    contemplate    the    erection    of    a 
building  write  us  for  information. 

Ludewig  &  Dreisoerner 

ARCHITECTS 
Ecclesiastical     Architecture 

3543    Humphrey    Street 

SAINT   LOUIS,   MO. 

Sidney    3  1  86 


Established   in   1855 


Will  &Baumer  Candle  Co, 

Inc. 

Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

Malcers   of   Highest   Grades   of 

Church  Candles 

Branch  Office 

405   North  Main  Street 

St.  Louis,  Mo. 


The    Western 
Catholic  Union 

A  Permement  Catholic   Fraternal 
Life  Insurance  Society 

Founded  at  Quincy,   111.,  in    1877 


Catholic  to  the  core. 

Assets  approximately 
$1,100,000. 


48  years  of  aggressive  and  successful 
operation.  Eates  of  contribution  based 
on  the  American  Experience  Table. 

Free  from  all  secret  ritualistic  work, 
pass  words,  etc.  Combines  Old  Line 
Security  with   Fraternal   Economy. 


Our  branch  societies  are  in  reality 
parish  societies.  Admits  men,  women, 
au  d   children. 


Three  forms  of  certificates:  20  Pay 
Whole  Life,  Whole  Life  Special,  and 
Term  to   Age   65. 


Juvenile  Section 

Paid-up    and    extended    features    con- 
nected   with    our    certificates. 


Recognized  by  insurance  authorities 
as  the  last  word  in  economic  life  in- 
surance. 


Supreme  Office 

Western  Catholic  Union  Building 

Quincy,  111. 


308 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    EEVIEW  '•■ 


July  If) 


DENNY  ROAD,  BETWEEN  CLAYTON  AND  OLIVE 

Catholic  Boarding  School  For  Boys  and  Young  Men— Under  the 

Direction  of  the  Society  of  Mary  (Brothers  of  Mary) 


Grammar  Department: 

Fifth  Grade  Up 
High  School  Department 

Fully    Accredited    to    the    Missouri    University    and    the 

North  Central  Association 
College  Department: 

Arts,      Letters,      Science,      Engineering,     Commerce     and 

Finance 
Music  Department 

Affiliated   with  the  National  Academy  of  Music. 
Special    Attention   to    Beginners 


The  President, 
Phone:    Clayton    128. 


For  Particulars  Address: 
Chaminade  College, 


Clayton,  Mo. 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


309 


WHAT   FIVE    HUNDRED    DOLLARS    WILL   DO 

SIX  PER  CENT  AND  ABSOLITE    SECURITY 
ON     FIRST     MORTGAGE     NOTES     FROM     SoOO     UP 

Every  Investor  has  always  received  every  dollar  of  Principal  and  Interest  on  loans  bought  through  our 
company.  All  loans  secured  by  well-located  improved  income-property.  Monthly  Sinking  Fund  provides  for 
gradual  retirement  of  the  debt  and  makes  repayment  of  principal  and  interest  a  certainty. 

DKSf-RIPTIVK      BOOKLET      ON      IJEQVEST 

CHOUTEAU    TRUST    COMPANY 

CHOUTEAU.  HEMP  AND  VANDEVENTER  AVENUES 

I,.  M'.   HEMP,  PRESIDENT  S.  I>.  ST.  JEAN,  SECRETARY-TRE ASVRER  J.   >V'.  'WESTON.  ViCE-I'RES. 


YOUR  GUARANTEE 

OF  EXCELLENCE 
IN  SCHOOL  SEATING 

THE  comfort  and  stability 
of  "American"  Desks  are 
known  quantities. 

CatholicSchools,  Academies 
and  Colleges  throughout 
the  land  have  found  their 
purchase  an  econoniical  and 
satisfactory  investment. 


JHiuf ricanjSfaf  ing  Oompani 


■  .     General  Offices 
1078  Lytton  Building 
NEW  YORK  CHICAGO 


ST.  LOUIS 


Church   Bazaars,    Festivals,    etc. 

Church  Institutions  have  been  buying  our 
goods  with  perfect  satisfaction  for  over 
thirty  years.  This  is  because  we  carry 
a  large  selection  of  merchandise  especial- 
ly suitable  for  such  purposes  at  un- 
usually low  prices. 

Our  Goods  Assure  Profits 
Because  They  Are  Use- 
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pealing. 

Novelties,  Silverware, 

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Candy,    Indian    Blankets, 

^^   ^  Paddle  Wheels,  etc. 

^f^^SJ^^'l     This  large  catalogue  free 

,t,',%Kv^i^,  '"     '■     to  Clergymen  and   buying 

committees. 

We  can  refer  to  hundreds 
of  Catholic  Churches. 
Our   Catalog — 
A  Buyer's  Guide 

N.  SHURE  CO.,  Chicago 

Wholesale   Merchandise 


LOUIS  PREUSS,  ASSOCIATED  WITH 
THE  LATE  JOHN  T.  COMES  IN  THE 
BUILDING  OF  THE  KENRICK  SEMI- 
NARY, HAS  ASSOCIATED  HIMSELF 
WITH  MR.  J.  G.  STEINBACH,  OF 
CHICAGO,  FOR  THE  PURPOSE  OF 
COLLABORATING  WITH  HIM  IN 
THE  CONSTRUCTION  OF  CHURCH- 
ES, SCHOOLS,  CONVENTS,  AND 
OTHER  ECCLESIASTICAL  INSTITU- 
TIONS ACCORDING  TO  THE  TRUE 
PRINCIPLES  OF  CHRISTIAN  ART. 
HE  RESPECTFULLY  SOLICITS  YOUR 
PATRONAGE. 

SHREWSBURY  PARK,  SAINT  LOUIS, 

MISSOURI. 

TELEPHONE:  BENTON  305  7  R. 


310 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 

(Ekutott,  Mo. 


August  ] 


DENNY  ROAD,  BETWEEN  CLAYTON  AND  OLIVE 

Catholic  Boarding  School  For  Boys  and  Young  Men — Under  the 

Direction  of  the  Society  of  Mary  (Brothers  of  Mary) 


Grammar  Department: 

Fifth  Grade  Up 

High  School  Department 

Fully    Accredited    to    the    Missouri    University    and    the 
North  Central  Association 

College  Department: 

Arts,      Letters,      Science,      Engineering,     Commerce     and 
Finance 
Music  Department 

Affiliated  with  the  National   Academy  of  Music. 
Special   Attention   to    Beginners 


The  President, 

Phone:    Clayton     128. 


For  Particulars  Address: 

Chaminade  College, 


Clayton,  Mo. 


The  Fortni§:htly  Review 


VOL.  XXXII,  NO.  15 


ST.  LOUIS,  MISSOURI 


Auy-.   1st,   1295 


CHRONICLE  AND  COMMENT 


Lafayette's  Membership  in  the 
Masonic  Order 

The  Indiana  CatJioUc  (Vol.  XVI. 
No.  802)  misconceives  the  bearing  of 
our  recent  articles  on  Gen.  Lafayette 
and  his  membership  in  the  Masonic  Or- 
der. Mr.  Benedict  Elder  showed  (F. 
R.,  XXXII,  10,  209  sq.),  in  view  of  re- 
cent Catholic  eulogies  of  Lafayette, 
that  he  "was  not  a  Catholic  [as  is  so 
often  asserted],  but  a  Freemason,  in 
full  sympathy  with  the  Masonic  teach- 
ing and  programme."  The  fact,  cited 
by  our  contemporary,  that  before  1825 
there  were  some  prominent  Catholics 
in  this  country  and  in  Europe  who 
were  members  of  Masonic  lodges,  is  ir- 
relevant. The  papal  condemnation  of 
Freemasonry  dates  not  from  1825,  but 
from  1738,  when  Pope  Clement  XII 
solemnly  condemned  Freemasonry  and 
forbade  Catholics,  under  penalty  of  ex- 
communication, incurred  ipso  facto 
and  reserved  to  the  Pope,  to  enter  or 
in  any  way  to  promote  Masonic  so- 
cieties. This  condemnation  was  re- 
iterated by  Benedict  XIV  in  1751  and 
by  Pius  VII  in  1821.  Hence  when 
Lafayette  declared  in  his  address  to  the 
Grand  Lodge  of  New  York,  in  1824, 
that  Masonry  justly  gloried  in  the  op- 
position of  "those  who  have  persecuted 
it,"  he  undoubtedly  referred  to  the  Ca- 
tholic Church,  in  which  he  had  been 
brought  up,  but  of  which  he  was  not  a 
practicing  member.  Ten  days  before 
his  death  he  declared  in  a  letter  to  the 
Supreme  Council  of  Scottish  Eite  Ma- 
sonry for  the  Western  Hemisphere  in 
accepting  the  33rd  degree,  that  he 
would  seek  to  merit  the  honor  by  his 
zeal  and  that  he  expected  ' '  our  ancient 
institution"  (Masonry)  to  "propa- 
gate everywhere  the  Liberty,  the  Equal- 
ity, the  Philanthropy,  and  contribute 


to  the  great  movement  of  social  civili- 
zation which  ought  to  emancipate  the 
two  Hemispheres."  This  was  written 
in  1834,  nine  years  after  Leo  XII  is- 
sued his  famous  Bull  "Quo  graviora," 
and  after  even  such  a  hard-boiled  poli- 
tician as  Daniel  0 'Council  (whom  the 
Indiana  Catholic  names)  had  resigned 
his  membership  in  the  Masonic  Order. 
It  is  necessary  to  recall  the  fact  of 
Lafayette's  Masonic  affiliation  and  his 
outspoken  sympathy  with  Masonic 
principles  in  the  face  of  repeated  papal 
condemnations,  as  long  as  misguided 
American  Catholics  continue  to  claim 
that  great  national  hero  as  a  practical 
Catholic.  ,, 

The  Church  a  Business  Institution 

There  has  been  a  tendency  of  late, 
even  among  Catholics,  to  look  upon  the 
Church  as  more  or  less  a  business  in- 
stitution and  to  talk  about  "selling  re- 
ligion." This  tendency,  besides  being 
unworthy  of  religion,  is  being  used  as 
an  argument  by  non-believers  who  con- 
tend that  church  property  should  be 
taxed.  "The  church,"  says,  e.  g., 
Bertram  N.  White,  of  Machias,  Me.,  in 
a  letter  to  the  Christian  Century  (Vol. 
XLII,  No.  25),  "is  primarily  a  busi- 
ness institution.  It  is  one  of  the  lar- 
gest employers  of  labor  and  one  of  the 
largest  holders  of  property  in  the  land. 
Its  aims  are  like  those  of  other  ambi- 
tious business  institutions :  to  pay  its 
employees  and  its  other  running  ex- 
pense, to  conserve  the  property  that  it 
already  has,  to  extend  its  operations, 
and  to  accumulate  a  surplus  wherewith 
to  acquire  more  i)roperty.  It  is  dif- 
ferent only  in  the  commodity  trafficked 
in.  That  its  business  has  been  highly 
successful  is  testified  to  by  its  enor- 
mous property  accumulations,  its  ever 
expanding   salaries   to    its    employees. 


31; 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY    i;i:\li:\V 


August  1 


aud  the  elaborate  pension  seheines  that 
it  is  providing  for  their  benefit.  If 
men  engage  in  business  and  are  suc- 
cessful and  acquire  projjerty,  what  dif- 
ference does  it  make,  with  reference  to 
taxation,  whether  they  trafficked  in 
coal,  wood,  or  religion?'' 

Of  course,  it  makes  a  vast  difference, 
because  of  the  supernatural  character 
of  religion  and  the  spiritual  benefits 
which  it  confers  upon  the  community 
at  large.  But  we  shall  never  be  able 
to  convince  men  like  Mr.  White — and 
his  number  is  legion — of  the  reality 
of  these  benefits  and  the  claims  based 
upon  them  if  we  ourselves  talk  about 
selling  religion  and  regard  the  Church 
as  a  business  institution,  instead  of 
emphasizing  her  character  as  a  divine- 
ly instituted  means  for  the  salvation 
of  mankind. 

Who  Will  Refute  Lea? 

The  library  of  the  late  Henry  Charles 
Lea  has  been  presented  to  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania.  Lea  was  a 
Philadelphia  scholar  and  publisher, 
who  delighted  to  rummage  in  medieval 
records  and  to  bring  to  light  the  scan- 
dals of  that  time.  His  history  of  sacer- 
dotal celibacy,  his  work  on  indulgences, 
his  history  of  auricular  confession,  and 
his  account  of  the  Inquisition  in  Spain 
contain  much  authentic  material,  but 
are  one-sided  and  biased,  plainlj^  cal- 
culated to  give  an  entirely  false  im- 
pression. The  Catholic  Standard  and 
Times  thinks  that  the  books  he  had  ac- 
cumulated "will  tell  a'  different  story 
to  those  who  read  them  with  eyes  that 
see  the  good  rather  than  the  evil."  It 
would  be  worth  the  time  and  energy 
of  some  Catholic  scholar,  now  that  Lea's 
books  are  accessible  to  the  general  pub- 
lic, to  compare  his  assertions  with  his 
sources  and  to  show  where  and  how 
he  misrepresented  the  facts.  For  while 
it  is  true,  as  our  Philadelphia  contem- 
porary says,  that  Lea's  works  "have 
disappeared  from  the  market"  and  are 
not  likely  to  be  reprinted,  it  is  equally 
true  that  they  are  to  be  found  in  every 
important  library,  and  are  still  widely 
read  by  students.  The  pamphlets  writ- 
ten by  Baumgarten,  C'asey,  and  others 
to    show    Lea's    unreliability    are    too 


meagre  and  not  accessible  to  the  non- 
Catholic  scholar.  A  comprehensive  re- 
futation of  Lea's  principal  theses  in 
his  various  writings  is  still  a  desidera- 
tum and  can  be  midertaken  more  ef- 
fectively now  that  his  assertions  can 
be  controlled  from  the  very  source 
books  which  he  himself  used.  Here  is 
a  grateful  pensum  for  one  of  the  clever 
young  scholars  of  Dr.  Guilday's 
Church  History  Seminar  at  the  Catho- 
lic rni\'ersity  of  America. 

Psychoanalysis  Still  on  Trial 

Dr.  Rhaban  Liertz,  Fr.  J.  Boyd 
Barrett,  S.  J.,  and  other  Catholic  writ- 
ers on  the  ' '  new  psychology, ' '  whilst 
realizing  the  errors  contained  in  the 
theory  of  Freud  and  his  followers,  and 
fully  aAvare  of  the  insidious  dangers 
with  which  it  is  fraught,  nevertheless 
believe  that  psychoanalysis  can  be  turn- 
ed to  good  uses  and  aid  in  a  better  un- 
derstanding of  the  human  mind.  The 
famous  German  psychologist  Fr.  J. 
Lindworsky,  S.  J.,  on  the  other  hand 
contends  that  psychoanalysis  has  made 
no  contribution  of  value  to  knowledge 
and  quotes  with  approval  a  passage 
from  Dr.  Emil  Raimann,  who  asserts 
that  "in  spite  of  its  noisy  pretensions, 
we  owe  psychoanalysis  no  conceptions 
of  fundamejital  value."  [Stimmen  dcr 
Zeit,  Feb.,  1 92,")) .  Dr.  Charles  Bruehl, 
of  Overbrook  Seminary,  comment- 
ing in  the  liomiletic  and  Pastor- 
al Review  (Vol.  XXV,  No.  9) 
on  Fr.  Lindworsky 's  position,  says: 
"The  unaltered  opposition  of  such  a 
recognized  authority  will  somewhat 
dampen  our  optimism  and  inspire  us 
with  great  caution.  Psychoanalysis  is 
still  on  trial,  and  its  scientific  status 
is  not  yet  settled." 

Church  Music  Reform 

Mr.  Otto  Singenberger  announces  in 
the  Vaceilia  that,  beginning  Sept.  1,  he 
will  transfer  all  his  activities  to  the 
Seminary  of  St.  Mary  of  the  Lake, 
Mundelein,  111.  The  Caecilia  will  also 
be  published  from  there.  Cardinal 
Mundelein,  in  a  letter  printed  in  the 
June  number  of  the  magazine,  wel- 
comes the  Caecilia  to  the  sacred  pre- 
cincts  of   his   seminary    and   cordially 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


313 


recommends  it  to  the  clergy  and  the 
sisterhoods  of  his  diocese.  "We  feel," 
he  says,  "that  in  sui:»portiug  it  and 
giving  the  future  clergy  of  our  Diocese 
a  thoroug:h  training  in  the  music  of  the 
Church,  we  are  helping  to  safeguard 
a  precious  inheritance  that  has  come 
to  us  from  the  first  ages  of  the  Church, 
enriched  and  added  thereto  during  the 
ages  of  faith.  If  it  arouses  new  inter- 
est in  ecclesiastical  music,  then  we  may 
feel  that  we  are  guarding  the  chant  and 
its  instrumental  accompaniment  from 
tlie  frivolous  and  sensual  influences 
that  are  degrading  modern-day  music 
and  we  are  helping  to  save  one  of  the 
glories  and  ornaments  of  Christ's 
Church — the  music  of  divine  service — 
from  desecration  or  even  perhaps  ulti- 
mate oblivion.'' 

The  F.  R.  congratulates  Professor 
Singenberger  on  the  vigorous  support 
his  efforts  for  the  reform  of  church 
music  are  finding  and  hopes  that  the 
CaeciliaK  will  enlarge  its  sphere  of  in- 
fluence and  usefulness  with  the  power- 
ful backing  of  the  Cardinal  Archbisho]) 
of  Chicago.  It  is  the  first  time  in  its 
eventful  career  of  more  than  a  half 
century  that  this  magazine  has  received 
due  recognition. 

Contempt  of  Court 

The  power  of  judges  to  fine  and  im- 
prison persons  for  contempt  of  court 
without  trial  by  jury  is  one  which 
should  be  restricted,  if  not  altogether 
abolished.  The  power  has  been  used 
increasingly  within  recent  years  until 
it  promises  to  become  a  dangerous 
weapon  for  the  suppression  of  freedom 
of  criticism  as  well  as  of  action.  We 
are  glad,  therefore,  to  see  the  Iowa 
Supreme  Court  voluntarily  limiting 
the  use  of  this  process.  Some  time  ago 
Judge  Hume  of  Des  Moines  sentenced 
a  man  for  contempt  because  of  an  ar- 
ticle in  the  Des  Moines  News,  criticiz- 
ing the  judge's  decisions,  not  because 
of  their  content  but  because  of  what 
was  asserted  to  be  their  unjudicial  and 
ridiculous  diction.  In  overruling 
Judge  Hume  the  Supreme  Court  made 
this  excellent  comment  (see  the  Nation 
(No.  3121)  : 


"The  power  to  punish  for  contempt 
is  a  trust  imposed  in  the  courts  not  to 
protect  the  individual  judge  but  the 
people  whose  laws  the^'  interpret  and 
whose  authority  they  exercise  .... 
So  long-  as  published  criticism  does  not 
impede  the  due  administration  of  law, 
it  were  better  that  we  maintain  the 
guaranty  of  our  constitution  (freedom 
of  speech  and  press)  than  undertake 
to  compel  respect,  to  punish  libel  by 
the  summary  process  of  attachment 
for  contempt  ....  It  is  not  thus  that 
an  intelligent  and  independent  court 
will  attempt  to  secure  public  confi- 
dence ....  and  the  statutory  limita- 
tion of  this  power  rather  than  its  en- 
largement tends  to  strengthen  the  ju- 
diciary and  attach  it  to  the  affections 
and  esteem  of  the  people. ' ' 

Anglican  Evangelicals 

Bishop  Barnes,  of  Birmingham,  has 
informed  the  public  that  a  new  move- 
ment— or  is  it  a  new  sect  ? — has  sprung 
up  :  the  ' '  Anglican  Evangelical  Group 
Movement."  It  has  enrolled  more 
than  600  clergy  and  their  views  are  ex- 
pounded in  no  less  than  two  volumes 
and  over  fifty  pamphlets.  It  "ac- 
knowledges no  special  sacerdotal  pow- 
ers, no  rigid  dogmatism,  no  infallible 
authority  in  teaching,  but  bases  its 
faith  on  the  Bible,  modified  and  inter- 
preted by  science,  as  it  is  a  human 
book  and  a  mixture  of  truth  and  er- 
ror." 

The  Liberal  Evangelicals,  like  the 
early  Reformers,  are  strong  on  nega- 
tions ;  what  they  affirm  is  not  very 
clear,  but  there  is  no  possible  doubt  of 
what  they  deny.  They  will  have  no 
sort  of  infallibility,  but  as  Dr.  Barnes 
naively  adds :  ' '  the  movement  is  con- 
troversial, for  it  cannot  come  to  terms 
with  erroneous  beliefs."  This  only 
shows  that  the  Liberal  Evang*elicals 
are  still  very  antiquated,  as  true  Mod- 
ernism denies  even  the  existence  of 
erroneous  beliefs.  The  fact  that  they 
have  already  published  two  books  and 
over  fifty  pamphlets  promises  well  for 
future  developments ;  if  they  go  on  at 
this  rate,  perhaps  in  fifty  years  we 
shall  have  another  sect  to  burn  all  the 


31i 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY   KEVIEW 


Auj)-u.st   1 


Liberal   Evangelical  libraries   and   re- 
turn to  the  Bible. 

*     *     * 

The  whole  thing  shows  the  necessity 
of    an    authority    to    curb    mankind's 


riotous  mania  for  altering,  developing 
and  tinkering  with  its  creeds.  It  was 
one  of  the  great  benefits  the  Middle 
Ages  conferred  on  mankind  that  the>' 
consigned  all  heretical  books  to  the  fire. 


"Manuscript" — the  New^  Handwriting 


"Manuscript"  may  be  seen  in  use  in 
a  number  of  schools  in  this  country.  In 
New  York,  the  Horace  Mann  and  the 
Lincoln  are  trying  it  with  their  younger 
children.  The  Brearley  School  has 
used  it  ynih  increasing  interest  and 
enthusiasm  for  three  years.  The  feel- 
ing is  growing  that  we  have  here  some- 
thing of  decided  value  to  offer  to  our 
children. 

The  handwriting  of  the  average  adult 
of  to-day  has  little  charm  and  less 
legibility.  Our  schools  have  tried  to 
train  children  by  muscular  movements 
and  drills,  but  with  little  avail.  There 
has  been  need  for  reform,  and  it  has 
come  at  last. 

The  "new"  writing,  which  is  really 
very  old,  as  been  introduced  into  the 
U.  S.  from  England.  "Manuscript"  it 
is  called,*)  for  the  forms  of  the  letters 
are  those  which  proved  themselves  of 
beauty  and  use  in  days  when  writing 
was  a  skilled  craft  and  when  books 
were  made  which  it  is  a  jo}'  to  look 
upon  to-day. 

This  writing  is  very  simple.  A  six- 
year  old  can  understand  how  each  let- 
ter is  made,  and  can  use  the  writing  t( » 
meet  his  own  needs  and  demands. 

Circles  and  straight  lines  are  the 
elements  to  which  each  letter  of 
"Manuscript"  can  be  reduced.  The 
small  A,  for  instance,  is  a  circle  with 
a  line.  The  small  B  is  a  line  with  a 
circle;  the  C  is  a  half-circle;  the  D  a 
circle  and  a  straight  line;  the  E  a 
horizontal  line  and  three-quarters  of 
a  circle ;  and  so  on  through  all  tlie 
simple  and  distinct  letters  of  this  al- 
phabet. The  result  is  something  like 
italics,  which,  by  the  way,  are  said  to 
be  based  on  the  handwriting  of 
Petrarch.      Our    printed    letters    were 

*)  "Manuscript,  A  Handwriting  Based  on 
Early  Models,"  Book  I  and  II,  by  Stone  and 
Smalley,  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 


all  taken  from  the  handwriting  of  an 
earlier   period. 

But  is  not  "Manuscript"  writing 
very  slow?  Records  made  in  London 
schools  show,  on  the  contrary,  that 
children  who  are  taught  the  new 
method  from  the  very  start,  write  with 
greater  speed  and  facility  than  those 
trained  in  the  old  method. 

Neither  does  individuality  suffer. 
There  is  as  much  difference  in  the 
writing  of  different  children  as  with 
the  other  method.  The  slant  may  be 
different;  the  letters  wider  or  nar- 
rower ;  the  downward  stroke  may  be 
emphasized ; — in  fact,  there  are  as  many 
possible  variations  as  there  are  people 
to  use  them. 

In  addition  there  is  the  artistic  ap- 
peal. The  children  are  not  only  given 
a  more  useful  tool,  but  they  are  at  the 
same  time  introduced  to  a  skilled  craft, 
with  all  its  possibilities  of  joy  and 
self-expression. 

"To-day's  eight-year-old,"  says  an 
enthusiastic  advocate  of  ' '  Manuscript ' ' 
in  the  Chr.  Sc.  Monitor,  "sits  down  to 
his  writing  lesson.  He  has  no  longer 
a  copy  book  before  him  wherein  to  copy 
again  and  again  a  model  at  the  top  of 
the  page.  He  has  a  manual  for  ref- 
erence in  case  his  memory  needs  re- 
freshing as  to  the  exact  way  to  form 
a  letter,  and  the  manual  sets  a  stand- 
ard as  well  for  beautifully  arranged 
and  margined  pages.  He  plans  how  to 
use  his  paper,  he  draws  in  his  mar- 
gins with  care,  one  at  each  side  and 
one  at  tlie  bottom  as  well.  And  crayon ! 
Perhaps  it  is  because  this  new  writing  is 
based  on  the  old  illuminated  manu- 
scripts that  color  has  come  back  into 
the  writing  world.  The  eight-year-old 
selects  the  colors  to  be  used  for  his 
capital  letters  and  for  the  intriguing 
little  designs  to  finish  outline.  He 
tucks  in  little  illustrations  and  borders 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


315 


with  the  joy  and  satisfaction  of  an 
artist.  For  handwriting  is  the  only 
craft  practiced  by  many  of  us,  and  it 
still  holds  a  place  in  our  modern  world 


despite  typewriting  and  shorthand.  It 
has  become  again  a  skilled  craft  and  an 
art,  and  as  such  is  being  practiced  and 
enjoyed  by  the  young  artist." 


Sister  Benigna  Consolata  Ferrero  and  Her  Mysterious  "Voice" 


An  extensive  propaganda  is  being 
made  in  favor  of  the  cause  of  Sister 
Benigna  Consolata  Ferrero,  a  professed 
choir  nun  of  the  Order  of  Visitation, 
of  Como,  Italy.  A  life  of  this  nun  in 
English,  published  by  the  Georgetown 
Visitation  Convent,  has  already  gone 
through  nine  editions,  and  two  pam- 
phlets, a  "Vademecum  Proposed  to 
Holy  Souls"  and  "Flowers  of  Para- 
dise," mainly  passages  culled  from  her 
writings,  are  also  being  widely  circu- 
lated.    (See  Truth,  May,  1925,' p.  32). 

Sister  Benigna  Consolata  Ferrero 
was  born  at  Turin,  in  1885.  In  1903 
she  entered  the  Order  of  the  Visita- 
tion, in  which  she  spent  thirteen  years. 
She  died  at  Como  in  1916.  The  first 
step  towards  the  introduction  of  the 
cause  of  her  beatification  was  taken  a 
few  months  ago,  when  her  remains 
were  solemnly  identified  and  transfer- 
red from  the  grave  to  a  vault  under 
the  choir  of  the  monastery  where  she 
lived  and  died. 

Her  writings  pretend  to  be  inspired 
by  a  "Voice"  from  above.  This  par- 
ticular aspect  of  her  life — a  most  im- 
portant one  in  view  of  the  beatification 
process — is  subjected  to  criticism  by 
the  Rt.  Rev.  Msgr.  Lawrence  Richen, 
of  Aix-la-Chapelle,  in  a  little  brochure, 
of  which  he  has  had  the  kindness  to 
send  us  a  copy.  ("Suora  Benigna 
Consolata  Ferro  e  la  sua  'Voce';" 
Aix-la-Chapelle:  Jos.  La  Ruelle). 

Msgr.  Richen  points  out  that  all 
such  cases  have  to  be  treated  with  the 
greatest  caution  {colla  massima  cru- 
tela).  Sister  Benigna  believed  that 
Jesus  spoke  to  her  continually  and  en- 
trusted her  with  a  world  mission, 
namely,  to  announce  to  all  mankind 
that  He  intended  to  restore  the  human 
race  to  divine  favor.  Was  the  "Voice" 
she  thought  she  heard  real,  or  was  it 
merely  a  product  of  her  pious  imagina- 


tion .'  There  are  many  reasons  for  as- 
suming the  latter.  Sister  Benigna  be- 
longed to  a  family  with  a  hereditary 
taint.  She  herself  was  in  delicate 
health  all  her  life  until  her  earl}^  death. 
The  real  nature  of  her  alleged  revela- 
tions cannot  be  established  until  her 
manuscripts  have  been  edited  in  con- 
formity with  the  canons  of  historical 
criticism.  Msgr.  Richen  quotes  a  num- 
ber of  passages  from  her  published 
writings  which  arouse  suspicion.  Thus 
she  represents  Christ  as  calling  her  His 
"apostola,"  referring  to  her  convent 
as  "the  pulpit  from  which  I  will  make 
myself  known,"  declaring  tliat  "God 
speaks  to  you,  God  instructs  you,"  and 
that  "it  wiJ  be  the  duty  of  your  su- 
perior to  manifest  these  things  after 
your  body  will  be  in  the  grave  and 
your  soul  in  Paradise,"  and  so  forth. 
Msgr.  Rif^hen,  after  a  careful  an- 
alj'sis  of  her  life  and  writings,  expresses 
the  opinion  that  Sister  Benigna  was  a 
victim  of  hysteria  and  that  her 
"Voice"  was  a  figment  of  her  imagina- 
tion. His  conclusions  are,  briefly:  (1) 
It  appears  necessary  (before  any  fur- 
ther progress  can  be  made  in  the  cause 
of  beatification)  to  determine  by  an 
exhaustive  investigation  whether  the 
teaching  on  grace  attributed  to  the 
"Voice"  is  in  accord  with  sound  the- 
ology; (2)  The  theory  of  mortification 
inculcated  in  the  writings  attributed 
to  Sister  Benigna  is  exaggerated,  nay, 
it  openly  contradicts  the  fifth  com- 
mandment, and  its  propagation  is  apt 
to  cause  errors  and  dangers  in  convents 
and  among  pious  persons  generally; 
(3)  There  is  no  evidence  of  the  reality 
of  the  "  Voice"  except  Sister  Benigna 's 
own  assertions;  (4)  The  discourses  at- 
tributed to  the  "Voice,"  and  especial- 
ly the  insipidity  and  mawkishness  of 
the  words  ascribed  to  Jesus  Christ, 
are  unworthy  of  God  and  often  repug- 


316 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY   EEVTEW 


Autrn.st  1 


iiaiit ;  (5)  Her  alleged  revelations  are 
full  of  small  beer  and  not  free  from 
errors;  (6)  Her  desire  to  see  her  "re- 
velations" written  down,  the  admira- 
tion for  her  piety  which  she  ascribes 
to  Jesus,  her  pretended  admission  to 
the  beatific  vision  before  her  death,  the 
alleged  divine  command  to  herself  and 
her  superior  to  spread  her  writings, 
her  world-  mission, — all  these  things, 
alternating  with  profound  doubts  re- 
garding her  vocation  and  the  genuine- 
ness of  the  "Voice,"- — doubts  which. 
in  the  last  days  of  her  life,  almost  led 
her  to  dispair, — inspire  profound  dis- 
trust. 


Fraternizing    Between    Catholics    and 
Forbidden  Societies 

Commenting  on  the  report  that  local 
Knights  of  Columbus  and  Knights  of 
Pythias  in  an  Iowa  town  had  "got  to- 
gether for  a  dancing  party,"  the  Louis- 
ville Eecord  said  not  long  ago  (Vol. 
XL VII,  No.  13)  : 

' '  That  is  not  the  only  instance  of  the 
organization  mentioned  [K.  of  C]  at- 
tempting to  fraternize  with  a  forbidden 
society.  In  fact,  there  are  signs  of  a 
growing  sentiment  among  its  members 
in  favor  of  the  thing,  and  along  with 
it  a  great  deal  of  confusion  of  thought 
regarding  the  reason  for  the  Church's 
condemnation  of  certain  societies.  Even 
some  Catholics  seem  to  be  of  the  opin- 
ion that  the  Church  condemns  a  so- 
ciety because  of  the  character  of  its 
members.  How  often  does  one  not 
hear  it  said  that  the  European  members 
of  a  certain  international  society  un- 
der the  ban  of  the  Church  are  different 
from  the  American  members.  Which  is 
perhaps  true,  but  not  to  the  point.  The 
(Jhurch  does  not  condemn  the  members 
of  the  society,  but  the  society  itself. 
Nor  does  she  condemn  the  society  on 
account  of  the  character  of  its  members, 
but  on  account  of  the  principles  of  the 
society  .... 

"This  thing  of  fraternization  be- 
tween separate  societies  is  foolish.  We 
are  all  members  of  one  human  family, 
all  citizens  of  the  one  country  in  which 
we  live,  and  hence  when  men  form  sep- 
arate societies  it  is   for  some   special 


purpose  not  common  to  all.  There  may 
be  good  reason  for  such  societies  to  ex- 
ist, but  it  is  a  special  reason.  If  they 
have  outlived  the  special  purpose  of 
their  being,  they  should  In'eak  up,  but 
so  long  as  they  choose  to  continue  their 
separate  existence,  there  is  no  good  in 
their  trying  to  make  it  appear  that 
the}'  do  not  want  to  be  separate.  If 
they  wish  to  get  on  common  ground 
with  their  neighbors,  they  have  onh' 
to  dissolve.  There  is  always  some  com- 
mon ground  between  individuals,  how- 
ever widely  they  may  differ ;  but  not  be- 
tween organizations  whose  purpose  for 
existence  is  to  distinguish  among  men 
and  draw  some  apart  from  their  fel- 
low-citizens for  a  special  purpose.  It 
is  only  when  the  organizations  are  put 
aside  and  ignored,  that  their  members 
can  come  together  on  common  ground 
Thus  it  must  be  plain  that  this  so- 
called  fraternization  is  a  foolish  thing, 
and  in  case  of  a  society  of  Catholics 
attempting  it  with  a  society  that  the 
Church  has  forbidden  Catholics  to  sup- 
port or  encourage,  it  is  highly  unbe- 
coming, if  not  indeed  scandalous.  What 
are  onlookers  to  conclude  if  not  that 
such  Catholics  at  heart  condemn  the 
attitude  of  the  Church  towards  the  so- 
ciety to  which  tliej^  give  their  approval  ? 
"It  is  a  singular  thing  that  we  hear 
nothing  of  non-Catholic  societies  fra- 
ternizing among  themselves,  or  with 
Catholic  societies  generally,  but  only 
"\\ath  a  particular  society  of  Catholics, 
which  seems  always  to  single  out  a  so- 
ciety that  the  Church  has  forbidden  to 
her  children.  Their  motives  may  be  all 
very  good,  no  one  should  ever  judge  of 
motives ;  but  it  is  principles  that  count, 
and  the  sooner  this  thing  is  brought  to 
an  end,  the  better  it  will  be  for  all  con- 
cerned." 


A  campaign  against  the  introduction 
of  liquor  into  missionary  lands  has 
been  launched  in  London  by  a  demon- 
stration in  Central  Hall,  Westminster. 
A  questionnaire  is  being  sent  to  mis- 
sionaries in  the  foreign  field  to  ascer- 
tain the  actual  facts  of  the  liquor  traf- 
fic to-dav. 


191^5 


THE  FORTXIGHTLY  REVIEW 


317 


Notes  and  Gleanings 


"  Arg'uinenta  Latino  Sennone  Scri])- 
ta''  is  the  title  of  a  little  brochure  in 
which  that  Avell-kuown  classical  scholar. 
Fr.  Herman  Mengwasser,  0.  S.  B.,  fur- 
nishes our  Catholic  colleges  with  read- 
ings in  classical  Latin  on  a  wide  range 
of  subjects,  with  a  view  to  supply  th'^ 
ordinarih-  required  authors  with  some- 
thing more  intelligible  and  interesting 
to  the  students.  Among  the  "argu- 
menta ' '  is  an  account  of  the  conversion 
of  St.  Paul,  an  ajieedote  abort 
Columbus,  a  school  boy's  humorous  ac- 
count of  the  discovery  of  America,  a 
translation  of  a  paper  by  Bp.  Vaughan. 
"Res  Creatas  ad  Deum  Nos  Ducere.'" 
short  colloquia,  and  some  jokes,  e.  g.. 
"A.  Matrimonia  in  caelo  contrahi  di- 
cuntur;  qui  autem  fit  ut  nulla  ibi  sol- 
vantur  ?  B.  Quia  maritis  opus  est  con- 
silio  et  auxilio  patronorum,  qui  causam 
dicant ;  hi  tamen  ibi  non  inveniuntur. ' ' 
Fr.  Herman  deserves  praise  for  hU 
efforts  to  restore  the  classics  to  their 
former  honored  place  in  higher  educa- 
tion. Copies  of  this  and  other  booklets 
which  he  has  published  with  that  object 
in  view  can  be  had  by  addressing'  him 
at  St.  Benedict's  College,  Atchison. 
Kms.  

To  an  unknown  friend  we  are  indebt- 
ed for  a  copy  of  the  jubilee  number 
of  the  parish  monthly.  Voice,  which  is 
at  the  same  time  a  souvenir  of  the 
golden  jubilee  of  Sacred  Heart  Parish, 
Indianapolis,  Ind.  This  flourishing 
congregation,  for  a  long-  time  the  larg- 
est in  the  diocese,  was  founded  in  1875 
by  the  Rev.  Alardus  Andrescheck,  0. 
F.  M.,  and  has  been  in  charge  of  Fran- 
ciscan Fathers  of  the  St.  Louis  Pro- 
vince ever  since.  Among  its  pastors 
have  been  such  staunch  friends  of  the 
F.  R.  as  Fr.  Francis  Haase,  Fr.  Tim- 
othy Magnien,  and  the  late  Fr.  Andrew 
Butzkueben.  Like  so  many  congrega- 
tions in  charge  of  religious,  this  one  has 
been  prolific  in  vocations  to  the  priest- 
hood and  the  religious  life.  No  less 
than  fourteen  priests  (thirteen  of  them 
Franciscans),  four  0.  F.  M.  scholastics, 
three  lay  brothers,  and  sixty-three 
nuns,    belonging   to    six    different    or- 


ders, have  come  forth  from  this  parish, 
which  was  founded  by  German  immi- 
grants, but  now  employs  the  English 
language  exclusively,  or  almost  ex- 
clusivelv.    Floreat.  crcscat! 


One  of  the  notable  articles  in  Heft  8 
of  the  Katholische  Missionen  is  "'Der 
Streit  um  den  Sadhu,"  by  Alfons 
Vaeth,  S.  J.  This  strange  Indian  as- 
cetic (sadhu)  has  attracted  wide  notice 
in  Asia  and  Europe,  and  while  some 
look  upon  hini  as  a  genuine  "saint," 
others  regard  him  as  a  visionary  if  not 
a  deceiver.  Several  Jesuit  Fathers 
were  drawn  into  the  controversy  re- 
garding the  real  significance  of  the 
Sadhu  in  the  religious  life  of  the  day. 
Among  these  was  Rev.  H.  Hosten,  of 
India,  and  Rev.  H.  Sierp,  former  edi- 
tor of  the  Stimmen.  Both  of  these 
critics  discountenanced  the  wonderful 
thing-8  told  about  the  Sadhu  by  his 
great  admirer,  Professor  Heiler,  and 
asked  for  more  evidence,  and  that  of 
an  unbiased  kind.  Father  Vaeth  re- 
views the  controversy  and  shows  that 
no  convincing  proof  of  the  extraor- 
dinary "sanctity"  of  the  Sadhu  has 
thus  far  been  forthcomina'. 


The  N.  Y.  Times  announces  that  ^ '  the 
first  dictionary  of  Old  Irish  words  will 
appear  this  year,"  under  the  editor- 
ship of  Prof.  F.  N.  Robinson,  of  Har- 
vard, and  Dr.  E.  C.  Ehrensperger,  of 
Northwestern  University.  What  about 
Stokes'  and  Strachan's  "Thesaurus 
Palaehibernicus, ' '  of  which  Part  II  ap- 
peared in  1904,  and  which,  when  com- 
pleted, will  contain  all  the  Old  Irish 
monuments?  And  what  about  Edward 
0  'Reilly  's  ' '  Irish-English  Dictionary, ' ' 
Avhich  appeared  in  1817  and  was  sup- 
plemented by  John  O 'Donovan  in 
1864?  And  what  about  Edward 
Dwelly's  three-volume  Gaelic  Diction- 
ary (1911),  which  contains,  as  he  says, 
"every  Gaelic  word  in  all  the  other 
Gaelic  dictionaries  and  printed  books 
as  well  as  an  immense  number  never 
in  print  before"?  Of  course,  a  new 
and  up-to-date  work  on  this  subject  is 
nevertheless  heartily  welcome.  Let  ns 
hope  that  Robinson  and  Ehrensperger 
Avill  make  a  serious  attempt  to  classify 


318 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY   REVIEW 


Auyust  1 


Gaelic  terminoloji^y  so  that  we  cau  dis- 
ting'uish  which  words  are  Irish  and 
Avhich  are  Scottisli. 


Christian  Scientists  see  in  Nostra- 
damus a  sort  of  forerunner  of  Eddy- 
ism.  "Perhaps  he  was,''  says  the  Sign 
(Vol.  IV,  No.  10).  "It  would  be  diffi- 
cult for  any  modern  fad  or  heresy  to 
search  the  pages  of  history  and  not 
find  some  one  who  has  had  the  same 
fad  or  the  same  heresy  centuries  ago.'' 
Michael  de  Notre  Dame,  who  assumed 
for  his  name  the  quasi-latinized  form 
Nostradamus,  was  born  of  Jewish  pa- 
rents at  Remi,  France,  in  1503.  He 
was  for  some  time  a  practicing  physi- 
cian and  did  excellent  work  at  Aix 
and  Lyons  during  the  plagues.  Later 
he  took  to  astrology  and  in  1558  pub- 
lished a  book,  titled  "Centuries,"  or 
rhymed  prophecies.  Out  of  a  whole 
book  full  of  such  astrological  guesses 
it  is  not  to  be  wondered  at  that  a  few 
were  actually  verified.  However,  as 
our  contemporary  justly  says,  his 
prophesies  concerning  the  downfall 
of  Christ's  Church  will  never  come 
true  because  against  them  we  have  the 
infallible  word  of  God. 


A  Latin  play  presented  at  St.  Ed- 
mund's College,  Ware,  England,  in  the 
summer  of  1924  has  been  published  by 
the  Edmundian.  It  is  entitled  "The- 
sauopolemopompus, "  by  the  Rev.  A. 
B.  Purdie  and  the  Rev.  R.  A.  Knox, 
and  is  not  so  much  the  story  of  the 
profiteer  who  fills  the  title  role,  as  of 
Britannus,  his  British  slave,  who  mud- 
dles through  to  triumph  with  rustic 
cunning  and  barbarous  speech.  Cer- 
tain dastards  plot  to  rob  the  profiteer 
by  impersonating  the  emperor  and  of- 
fering "honors"  for  sale.  Britannus 
outwits  both  parties  by  the  same  im- 
personation, and  the  arrival  of  the  real 
emperor  is  turned  by  a  Gilbertian  rnse 


to  the  advantage  of  himself  and  his 
fellow  slaves.  ' '  The  fun  is  excellent, ' ' 
says  the  London  Universe,  whose 
synopsis  of  the  play  we  are  follow^ing, 
"and  Britannus 's  barbarisms  are  most 
intriguing.  '  Bene  ego  numquam, ' '  Hoc 
est  materia  dare  militibus,'  'Pro  quo 
me  capitis  ? '  and  '  Tum  solum  est  una 
via  ex,'  are  phrases  which  make  one 
feel  that  Latin  is  indeed  a  living  lan- 
guao-e. ' '  


One  of  the  newspaper  biographers 
of  the  late  Sir  Rider  Haggard,  author 
of  "She,"  "King  Solomon's  Mines," 
and  other  adventurous  romances, 
quotes  an  intimate  friend  of  the  de- 
parted writer  as  saying  that  Sir  Rider 
was  so  much  a  mystic  and  ascetic  that 
"a  turn  of  the  wheel  might  have  sent 
him  into  a  Trappist  monastery."  It 
seems  a  far-fetched  idea ;  but  one  never 
know's.  There  was  a  time  when  Catho- 
lics had  a  bone  to  pick  with  Haggard 
the  novelist,  who  had  walled-up  a  nun 
alive  in  the  pages  of  one  of  his  stories 
and  left  her  there  in  demonstration  of 
a  "Popish"  custom,  and  a  nasty  one 
at  that.  Father  Thurston,  however, 
got  on  his  track,  and  the  nun  was  af- 
terwards, we  believe,  unwalled. 

The  London  Universe  tells  of  the 
case  of  a  nun,  who  has  been  liberated 
from  her  vows  after  thirteen  years  in 
religious  life  by  a  special  dispensation 
from  Rome,  on  the  ground  that  she  had 
no  vocation.  Our  contemporary  adds: 
"We  publish  this  story,  in  itself  unim- 
portant, to  disprove  the  misconception 
current  in  Protestant  circles  that  it  is 
necessary  to  break  out  of  a  convent  in 
the  sensational  manner  described  by 
certain  'escaped'  lecturers." 

The  Galileo  case  was  a  rare  excep- 
tion to  the  prudence  generally  shown 
by  the  Church  authorities,  and,  at  the 
time,    his    contention    Avas   but    a   the- 


B 

A  BOARDING  SCHOOL  EXCLUSIVELY  FOR 

O 

BOYS  OF  JUNIOR  HIGH  SCHOOL  AGE 

Y 

Conducted  by  the   Benedictine  Fathers 

7    Buildings 25-acre    Campus Gymnasium Swimming    Pool,    etc. 

S 

Apply  for  catalogue  to                               MAUR  HILL,   ATCHISON,   KANSAS 

1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


3iy 


A     MODERN     CONSOLE 


THE   UNIPHONIC   PIPE    ORGAN 

As  Designed  By  Adolph  B.  Suess  and  Built 
under  his  personal  supervision,   is  the  pipe  organ 

PAR    EXCELLENCE 

For  small  churches,  chapels,  schools. 
DIRECT  ELECTRIC  ACTION 

For  Information  and  Price,  in  various  sizes,  address. 

Adolph  B.  Suess 

1314  Lynch  Ave.  East  St.  Louis,  III. 


ory.  Even  to-day  there  are  those 
who  -hold  that  the  Coperniean  system 
is  but  a  hypothesis, — the  best  and  only 
possible  working'  hypothesis,  but  noth- 
ing more.  All  depends  upon  our  no- 
tions of  time  and  space.  The  contro- 
versialist will  find  a  thorough  treat- 
ment of  the  episode  and  much  else  of 
history  that  shows  how  unfairly  the 
Church  has  been  judged  from  this  iso- 
lated event  in  Dr.  Bertram  Windle's 
book,  ''The  Church  and  Science,"  of 
which  a  third  and  completely  revised 
edition  has  lately  appeared  (C.  T.  S.). 

The  text  of  a  confidential  report  of 
the  conference  held  at  Downing  Street 
in  November,  1917,  between  the  British 
War  Cabinet  and  the  American  War 
mission  has  been  obtained  by  the  Cur- 
rent History  magazine  and  is  published 
in  the  July  issue.  At  that  important 
meeting  David  Lloyd  George,  the 
British  Prime  Minister,  painted  a  pic- 
ture of  allied  despair  that  no  one  but 
the  very  few  who  controlled  the  des- 
tinies of  the  nations  realized.  The  Al- 
lies, the  Prime  Minister  said  in  effect, 
were  at  the  end  of  their  resources ;  un- 
less America  helped  to  the  utmost  of 
her  power,  there  was  every  prospect  of 
disaster.  That  America  did  help  is 
common  knowledge,  but  it  is  made  plain 
in  this  document  how  desperate  was 
the  situation  when  the  appeal  to  the 
United  States  was  made  in  such  terms. 


Dr.  Emery  Barnes,  who  writes  from 
the  standpoint  of  moderate  High  An- 
glicanism, in  his  book,  "Early  Chris- 
tians at  Prayer"  (London:  Methuen), 


admits  that  prayers  for  the  dead  are 
found  in  primitive  Christianity;  in- 
deed he  explains  St.  Paul's  prayer  for 
Onesiphorus  in  1  Tim.  I,  16-18  as  a 
prayer  for  the  dead.  But  illogically 
he  rejects  all  idea  of  Purgatory  and 
blames  St.  Augustine  for  holding  it, 
although  without  some  sort  of  doctrine 
of  Purgatory  we  cannot  see  much  use 
in  prayers  for  the  dead  at  all. 

The  oldest  known  musical  manu- 
script has  been  deciphered  by  Dr.  Curt 
Sachs,  of  the  Berlin  University.  It  is 
of  Babylonian  origin,  with  cuneiform 
ideographics  inscribed  on  clay  plates, 
and  was  found  at  Assur  in  Asia  Minor. 
This  music  is  said  to  date  back  to  the 
second  century  B.  C.  Half  tones  are 
not  employed  at  all,  but  five  tones  of 
the  scale  are  used  in  fugue  formation. 
The  accompaniment  to  the  melody  is 
furnished  by  a  harp  of  18  strings,  for 
which  double  stops  are  frequently  pre- 
scribed.   

A  new  national  college  fraternity, 
Phi  Tau  Theta,  has  been  organized  on 
a  religious  basis  by  students  from  the 
State  colleges  of  Iowa  and  Pennsyl- 
vania and  the  universities  of  Nebraska 
and  South  Dakota.  The  fraternity  is 
to  follow  the  purpose  originally  held 
by  the  Holy  Club  of  Oxford,  in  which 
the  Wesley  brothers  and  George 
Whitefield  were  members. 


In  a  paper  Avritten  for  the  Pan- 
American  Geologist  and  reprinted  in 
pamphlet  form,  Fr.  Stephen  Ei:;harz, 
S.  V.  D.,  to  whom  the  F.  R.  is  indebted 
for    several    important    contributions, 


320 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


August   ] 


gives  a  siiminarx' — tlie  first  in  Eiiii'lisli, 
Ave  believe, — of  Dr.  Alfred  Wegener's 
bold  and  novel  explanation  of  the  for- 
mation of  some  of  the  larger  relief  ex- 
pressions of  the  earth's  surface,  as  set 
forth  in  the  third  edition  of  that  learn- 
ed writer's  work,  "Die  Entstehung 
der  Kontinente  und  Ozeane"  (Braun- 
schweig, 1922).  According  to  this 
theory.  South  America  was  once  ad- 
jacent to  Africa,  forming  with  it  a 
single  continental  block ;  North  Ameri- 
ca formed  one  continent  with  Europe, 
and  Australia,  the  Antarctic,  and  In- 
dia were  a  single  continent  adjacent  to 
South  Africa  and,  until  Jurassic  time, 
united  to  South  America.  Fr.  Richarz 
refrains  from  giving  his  own  views, 
but  seems  inclined  to  adopt  the 
Wegener  theory  as  a  working  hyj^othe- 
sis,  though  he  admits  that  the  objec- 
tions raised  against  it  by  geologists 
and  g:eophysicists  have  not  all  been  suc- 
cessfully refuted.  Copies  of  this  pam- 
phlet can  be  had  from  the  Geological 
Publishing  Co.,  of  Des  Moines,  la. 


In  a  brochure  entitled  "The  Ameri- 
can Character,"  the  Rev.  Felix  M. 
Kirsch,  0.  M.  Cap.,  looks  at  the  Ameri- 
can character  from  various  angles  and 
scrutinizes  it  through  the  spectacles  of 
different  observers.  He  finds  that  none 
came  closer  to  the  truth  than  Canon 
Sheehan,  when  he  hinted  that  Ameri- 
ca is  still  in  the  adolescent  state.  The 
American  character  with  its  strength 
and  weakness  seems  to  him  to  be  sur- 
prisingly similar  to  the  character  of 
the  adolescent  man.  Hence  its  fickle- 
ness, its  high  aspirations,  its  cocksure- 
ness,  its  fondness  for  extremes,  its  love 
of  laughter,  and  its  strong-  sex  instinct. 
There  is  a  vast  chance  of  educating 
"this  nation  of  3'oung  hopefuls,"  be- 
cause the  American  character,  like  that 
of  the  adolescent,  offers  opportunities 
for  untold  good. 


ASSUMPTION  DAY 

By  Charles  J.  Quirk,  S.  J. 


"Not   here,"    (Christ   bent 

Above  the  dead) 
' '  Thy  home,  O  Mother ; 

But  Heaven,"  (He  said). 


A  readiness  to  listen  to  opposing  ar- 
guments and  to  modify  one's  opinions 
in  the  light  of  them  is  an  indication 
that  one  is  seeking  the  truth  and  not 
merely  adhering  to  one's  own  precon- 
ceived  notions. 


The  paper  that  occasionally  omits  its 
editorial  page  to  make  room  for  news 
usually  has'nt  much  of  an  editorial 
page. 


Salvatorian    Collese 

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education  of  boys  and  young  men 
for  the  priesthood.  Six  years'  stan- 
dard classical  course.  Location 
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tution  $250. 

For  Catalogue  address: 
The  Salvatorian  Fathers 

St.  Nazianz,  Wig, 


CANON  LAW  "^J^-^ 

By  Eeligious  Communities  Who 
Use  our  Printed  Forms 

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The 
Abbey  Student  Press 

Dependable  Printers  and  Publishers 
St.  Benedict's  College 

Atchison,    Kansas 


POSITION  WANTED,  as  a  teacher,  prefer- 
ably of  Latin  or  Greek,  by  young  Catholic 
gentleman  who  has  had  a  classical  and 
seminary  course  and  is  equipped  for  teaching 
almost  any  branch  usually  taught  in  high 
school  or  seminary.  Has  good  recommenda- 
tions and  is  willing  to  work  hard.     Apply  to 

J.    A.    K.    e/o    FOETNIGHTLY    EEVIEW. 


1925 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


321 


POSITION  WANTED,  as  choir  director  and 
organist,  by  a  man  competent  in  plain  chant, 
harmony,  rubrics,  counterpoint,  etc.  Am 
willing  to  serve  wherever  a  man  is  wanted  to 
direct  the  music  according  to  the  will  of  the 
Church.  I  am  a  pupil  of  the  late  Professor 
John  Singenberger,  of  St.  Francis,  Wis.  Ad- 
dress A.  B.  C,  c/o  Fortnightly  Review. 


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418  Market  Street  ST.  LOUIS,  MO. 


Col.  CjsJIahan  on  North  Carolina 

To  the  Editor:  — 

North  Carolina  has  the  smallest  percent- 
age of  Catholics  of  any  State  in  the  Union, — 
approximately  eight  thousand  souls  out  of 
a  population  of  nearly  three  million. 

However,  a  visit  of  several  ^veeks  at  Ashc- 
ville  was  just  as  pleasant  as  at  any  other 
place,  for  this  mountain  resort  city  has  an 
artistic  gem  of  a  church  and  likewise  a  very 
learned  and  devout  pastor,  but  no  other  Ca- 
tholic church  for  over  130  miles  in  any  di- 
rection. 

There  is  so  murli  misunderstanding  and 
misrepresentation  regarding  the  South  that 
the  following  from  the  A.'ilieville  Times  may 
be  interesting : 

"Ealeigh,  X.  C,  July  '2. —  (_  Associated 
Press) — Hundreds  of  ijivited  guests,  of  whom 
probably  fifty  per  cent  or  more  were  Pro- 
testants, attended  the  reception  to  Eight 
Rev.  William  Joseph  Hafey,  newly  installed 
bishop  of  the  Catholic  diocese  of  Raleigh  at 
the  woman 's  club  here  last  night.  Among 
those  who  called  to  pay  their  respects  to  the 
distinguished  churchnmn  were:  The  Right 
Rev.  Joseph  Cheshire,  bishop  of  the  Protest- 
ant Episcopal  diocese  of  North  Carolina;  the 
Rev.  T.  W.  O 'Kelly,  D.  I).,  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Raleigh;  the  Rev. 
Milton  A.  Barber,  of  Christ  Episcopal  church ; 
the  Rev.  Henry  G.  Lane,  rector  of  the  church 
of  the  Good  Shepherd  (Episcopal)  ;  the  Rev. 
W.  W.  Way,  rector  of  St.  Mary's  School,  and 
others.  The  mayor  of  the  city,  E.  E.  Culbreth, 
together  with  other  city  and  state  ofiicials, 
also  attended. ' ' 

Such  a  display  of  liospitality,  or  respect, 
as  it  should  be  termed,  would  not  be  extended 
or  even  expected  in  the  North. 

Yes,  they  have  a  Ku  Klux  meeting  now 
and  then,  and  occasionally  an  "ex-priest" 
or  an  "  ex-nun ' '  lecture,  but  worth  while 
citizens  pay  no  attention  to  them,  although, 
generally,  it  is  my  information  that  they  ex- 
press their  contempt  of  such  programmes  to 
their  Catholic  friends. 

It  seems  under  certain  circumstances  there 
is    more    prejudice    against    Catholics    where 
their  ratio  of  the  population  is  large  or  even 
when   they  are  in  the  majority. 
Louisville,  Kv.  1'.   H.   Callalian 


The   Theology   of  the    Immaculate 
Conception 

To  the  Editor:  — 

"The  Theology  of  the  Immaculate  Con- 
ception," by  Fr.  Lumbreras,  O.  P.  ( F.  E.. 
No.   12,  p.   260)   invites  a  reply. 

But  first  a  little  explanation.  Fr. 
Lumbreras'  article  on  the  nine  modes  of  the 
Immaculate  Conception  appeared  in  the 
HomiJetic  and  Post.  Rev.,  Dec,  1923.     I  im- 


32 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY   REVIEW 


August  1 


mediately  wrote  a  criticism.  It  was  for  the 
Feb.,  1924,  number.  The  editors  wrote  that 
if  I  would  change  two  or  three  expressions 
they  would  publish  it.  I  made  the  changes. 
Then  they  wrote  me  that  they  were  afraid 
if  th'y  published  it,  Fr.  Lumbreras  might 
say  something  which  would  hurt  me.  They 
did  not  know  that  I  had  spent  over  37  years 
of  my  priest!}'  life  in  this  (Lincoln  diocese) 
garden  of  the  West.  The  sun  has  been  hot, 
and  the  winds  and  blizzards  fierce.  I  am 
tanned  and  as  tough  as  raw  hide. 

I  awaited  an  o})portunity  to  have  the  ar- 
ticle published.  Last  January  an  article 
over  the  letters  A.  B.  appeared  in  the  Eccle- 
siastical Revieiu.  I  thought,  ' '  This  is  my 
chance."  I  changed  the  introduction  and 
cut  out  all  personal  criticism.  The  article 
appeared  in  the  May  number.  When  I  read 
the  two  first  pages  I  wondered  if  my  spec- 
tacles were  playing  tricks  on  me.  The  lino- 
typist  had  taken  liberties  with  it.  He  cut 
out  over  two  pages,  and  when  starting  up 
again  he  made  it  read  that  A.  B.  had  pro- 
posed the  different  modes  of  the  Immaculate 
Conception.  A.  B.  had  no  mode  to  propose. 
He  was  seeking  the  truth.  My  words  were: 
"Now  a  recent  writer  comes  forth  with  a 
brand  new  mode.  He  calls  it  the  correct 
mode,  the  mode  which  the  Church  has  ap- 
proved. But  so  far  the  Church  has  not 
spoken  on  the  mode. ' '  I  gave  his  new  mode 
and  two  or  three  others.  Kind  reader,  get 
the  Homil.  and  Past.  Eev.  for  Dec,  1923. 
It  is  a  model  of  special  pleading  and  obfusti- 
eation  to  excuse  St.  Thomas,  who  frequently 
states  that  the  Blessed  Virgin  was  conceiv- 
ed in  original  sin.  Thus  he  says  in  one  place: 
' '  His  Virginal  Mother  was  indeed  infected 
by  original  sin,  from  which  she  was  cleansed 
before  she  was  born  from  the  womb. ' ' 

In  speaking  of  the  fomes  peccati  St. 
Thomas  says  that  Mary  had  received  such  an 
abundance  of  grace  that  concupiscence  was 
crushed  or  entirely  taken  away.  Others 
speak  of  it  as  suspended.  St.  Thomas  con- 
sidered it  as  not  there. 

But  the  question  of  the  Immaculate  Con- 
ception was  beyond  St.  Thomas.  He  denied 
it  and  gave  it  up  for  a  time  and  died  be- 
fore he  could  take  it  up  again. 

Do  not  misunderstand  the  Redemption. 
Redemption  means  to  take  out  of  a  pawn 
shop.  Was  ]\Iary  ever  in  the  devil's  pawn 
shop  of  sin?     No. 

The  definition  of  Pius  IX  says  that  she 
was  "preserved  exempt  (immune)  from 
every  stain  of  sin  from  the  first  moment  of 
her  conception. ' '  Pius  IX  was  not  dealing 
with  the  Council  of  Trent  or  with  the 
Thomists.  He  was  stating  a  fact.  He  spoke 
of  the  conception.  We  know  that  concep- 
tion takes  place  when  the  semen  unites  with 
the  ovum,  and  not  at  some  time  later.  From 
the  definition  the  Blessed  Virgin  was  not 
redeemed. 


Teacher 

and  Organist  Wanted 

in  a 

country 

parish  near  St.  Louis. 

Ap. 

ply 

to: 

J.  F.  H. 

c/o   Fortnightly  Reviewr 

HENRY  P.  HESS 

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and  Chestnut 

1925 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


353 


I  would  suggest  that  the  Horn,  and  Past. 
Rev.  add  a  joke  and  humor  department,  and 
as  a  first  offering  give  Fr.  Lumbreras'  nine 
modes   of   Immaculate   Conception. 

The  Franciscan  Press,  San  Francisco,  has 
published  a  new  work  by  Fr.  Hugolinus,  O. 
F.  M.,  on  the  Immaculate  Conception.  Dear 
Father,  get  it.  It  is  scintillating,  amusing, 
and  informative. 
Ulysses,  Neb.  (Eev.)   J.  J.  Loughran 

[The  Fortnightly  Review  is  not  the 
proper  place  to  debate  such  technical  ques- 
tions as  that  at  issue  between  Fr.  Loughran 
and  Fr.  Lumbreras. — Editor.] 


BOOK  REVIEWS 


H.  L.  Mencken  on  Col.  P.   H.  CallaJian 

To  the  Editor:  — 

Mr.  H.  L.  Mencken,  editor  of  the  American 
Mercury,  wrote  in  the  Baltimore  Evening  Sun. 
as  follows,  from  Dayton,  Tenn.,  where  he 
attended  the  "evolution  trial": 

"Meanwhile,  reinforcements  continue  to 
come  in,  some  of  them  from  unexpected 
sources.  I  had  the  honor  of  being  present 
yesterday  when  Col.  Patrick  Callahan  of 
Louisville,  marched  up  at  the  head  of  his 
cohorts  of  2.50,000,000  Catholic  fundamental- 
ists [?!?].  The  two  colonels  embraced,  ex- 
changed a  few  military  and  legal  pleasantries, 
and  then  retired  up  a  steep  stairway  to  the  of- 
fice of  the  Hicks  brothers,  to  discuss  strategy. 
Col.  Callahan 's  followers  were  present,  of 
course,  only  in  legal  fiction ;  the  town  of 
Davt-on  would  not  hold  so  large  an  army. 
In  the  actual  flesh  there  were  only  the  Colonel 
himself  and  his  aide-de-camp.  Nevertheless 
the  250,000,000  were  put  down  as  present 
and  recorded  as  voting.  Later  on  I  had  the 
misfortune  to  fall  into  a  dispute  with  Col. 
Callahan  on  a  point  of  canon  law.  It  was 
my  contention  that  the  position  of  the  Ro- 
man Church  on  matters  of  doctrine  is  not 
ordinarily  stated  by  laymen — that  such  mat- 
ters are  usually  left  to  high  ecclesiastical  au- 
thorities, headed  by  the  Bishop  of  Rome.  I 
also  contended,  perhaps  somewhat  fatuously, 
that  there  seemed  to  be  a  considerable  dif- 
ference of  opinion  regarding  organic  evolu- 
tion among  these  authorities — thnt  it  was 
possible  to  find  in  their  writings  both  in- 
genious argiunents  for  it  and  violent  pro- 
tests against  it.  All  these  objections  Col. 
Callahan  waved  away  with  a  genial  gesture. 
He  was  here,  he  said,  to  do  what  he  could 
for  the  authority  of  the  Sacred  Scriptures 
and  the  aiding  and  comforting  of  his  old 
friend  Brvnn,  and  it  was  all  one  to  him 
whether  athe'sts  yelled  or  not.  Then  he  be- 
gan to  talk  about  prohibition,  which  he  fa- 
vors, and  the  germ  theory  of  disease,  which 
he  regards  as  bilge  ....  The  presence  of 
Col.  Callahan  has  given  renewed  confidence 
to  the  prosecution,  for  he  brings  proof  that 
men  of  science  are  after  all  not  unanimously 
atheistic  and  that  there  should  be  no  division 
between  Christians  in  the  face  of  the  common 
enemy. ' '  Corr. 


The  Problems  of  Child  Training 

Our  century  has  righly  been  called  the  cen- 
tury of  the  child,  and  numerous  agencies 
are  now  interested  in  safeguarding  the  moral, 
physical  and  intellectual  well-being  of  the 
coming  generation.  Their  attempts  in  this 
laudable  work  range  all  the  way  from  pro- 
viding adequate  religious  training  for  the 
child  from  the  dawn  of  reason  to  such  fool- 
hardy measures  as  making  the  child  the  ward 
of  the  State,  taking  away  every  form  of 
control  and  education  from  the  parents. 

As  is  the  case  in  many  similar  questions, 
Christian  ethics  takes  a  sane  middle  course. 
It  teaches  that  the  child  belongs  to  the  pa- 
rents and  that  no  State  authority  should  in- 
terfere and  rob  parents  of  their  right  and 
duty  to  educate  their  children  properly  and 
religiously.  On  the  other  hand,  if  parents, 
the  natural  guardians  of  the  child,  are  no- 
toriously deficient  in  their  sacred  duty,  the 
State  has  a  right  to  interfere  and  protect  the 
child. 

Catholic  students  of  child  welfare  in  Ger- 
many have  given  the  problem  of  the  proper 
training  of  youth,  especially  of  those  de- 
prived of  parental  care,  much  thought,  and 
one  of  the  latest  studies  in  this  field  is  be- 
fore us.  Coming  from  Dr.  theol.  Joseph 
Beeking,  General  Secretary  of  the  German 
Caritasverband  and  Special  Referee  for  Child 
Welfare,  the  book  speaks  with  authority.  In 
an  introductory  chapter  the  author  examines 
the  official  and  religious  basis  of  child  wel- 
fare work.  He  gives  a  brief  historical  sketch 
of  the  attitude  towards  neglected  and  de- 
pendent children  in  pagan  antiquity  and 
shows  the  cruelty  and  hardheartedness  of  the 
pagan  State  towards  its  unfortunate  wards. 
These  facts  have  been  noted  time  and  again, 
but  Dr.  Beeking  offers  direct  testimony  from 
contemporary  sources. 

Two  chapters  of  immediate  and  practical 
value  to  our  own  social  workers  in  this  coun- 
try, are  those  on  the  socio-ethical  significance 
of  training  by  the  family  (versus  institu- 
tional training)  for  dependent  children,  and 
on  institutional  care  as  a  substitute  for  fam- 
ily upbringing. 

The  "  Literarischer  Handweiser"  for 
March,  1925,  speaks  of  this  book  as  "the 
first  exhaustive  modern  monograph  by  a  Ca- 
tholic specialist  on  the  fundamental  prob- 
lem of  child  welfare."  We  heartily  com- 
mend this  authoritative  work  to  all  Catholic 
child  workers.  ("Familieu-  und  Anstalts- 
erziehung  in  der  Jugendfiirsorge.  Eine 
grundsatzliche  und  entwickelungsgeschicht- 
liche  Untersuchung. "  Freiburg:  Herder  & 
Co.) 


Literary  Briefs 

— P.  Lethellieux,  10,  rue  de  Cassette,  Paris 
(Vie),  has  sent  us  a  copy  of  the  fifteenth  re- 


324 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY   REVIEW 


August  1 


WiDMER  Engineering  Company 


ARCHITECTS 


LACLEDE  GAS  BUILDING 
ST.  LOUIS      -      MO. 


vised  and  enlarged  edition  of  the  ' '  Traite  de 
Philosophie, "  by  Father  Gaston  Sortais,  S.  J. 
in  two  stout  octavo  volumes  of  nearly  a 
thousand  pages  each  it  comprises  the  usual 
branches  of  Scholastic  philosophy  as  follows : 
psychology,  logic,  ethics,  esthetics,  metaphy- 
sics, together  with  exhaustive  indices  and  a 
dictionary  of  philosophic  terms  (Vocabulaire 
Philosophique)  of  no  less  than  246  pages, 
which  will  prove  most  welcome  and  help- 
ful especially  to  the  beginner.  The 
author  is  a  disciple  of  Suarez,  whom  he 
follows  in  most  disputed  questions.  The  sec- 
tion devoted  to  psychology  is  relatively  large. 
All  who  are  in  need  of  a  comprehensive  trea- 
tise on  Scholastic  philosophy  and  can  read 
French,  will  find  this  two-volume  introduction 
with  its  extensive  references  and  bibliogra- 
phies very  useful.  The  treatise  on  ethics  can 
be   purchased  separately. 

—Dr.  H.  0.  Fiehtner's  "Ronifahrt"  (Kii- 
sel  &  Pustet)  is  not  an  ordinary  guide  to  the 
Eternal  City;  but  a  guide  to  its  principal  ob- 
jects of  art  viewed  in  historical  sequence. 
The  author  devotes  special  attention  to  the 
four  jubilee  churches.  The  elimination  of 
what  is  less  important  tends  to  give  the  visit- 
or who  goes  througli  the  Eternal  City  with 
tliis  booklet  for  his  guide  a  much  better  idea 
of  the  importance  of  Rome  in  history,  es- 
pecially in  the  history  of  art.  The  volume  is 
illustrated    with    twelve    reproductions    of    fa- 


mous steel  engravings  by  Piranesi  and  Rossi, 
and  a  useful  city  map.  The  price  is  unusually 
low. 

— ' '  The  New  Psychology, ' '  by  the  Rev.  E. 
Boyd  Barrett,  S.  J.,  is  a  discussion  of  the 
chief  doctrines  and  methods  of  the  "New 
Psychology, ' '  which  has  grown  up  as  the  re- 
sult of  approaching  the  old  psychological 
problems  through  biology.  With  undeniable 
competence  Fr.  Barrett  discusses  the  findings 
and  theories  of  Freud  and  other  writers  and 
interprets  them  in  the  light  of  Scholasticism, 
which,  as  he  emphasizes  on  page  9,  is  broad 
and  progressive  and  ever  ready  to  hail  and 
assimilate  new  discoveries  of  real  value.  It 
will  surprise  not  a  few  readers  to  see  how, 
though  staunch  in  his  defense  of  free  will 
and  the  spirituality  of  the  soul,  the  author 
accepts  and  vindicates  the  essentials  of  the 
New  Psychology.  His  book  is  also  apt  to 
serve  those  who  wish  to  obtain  a  working 
knowledge  of  this  intensely  interesting  branch 
of  modern  science.     (P.  J.  Kenedy  &  Sons.) 

—Father  Michael  Gatterer,  S.  J.,  of  the 
University  of  Innsbruck,  has  completely  re- 
written and  enlarged  his  "Katechetik"  (third 
edition).  The  contents  are  now  divided  on 
the  basis  of  the  aim  and  object  of  all  cate- 
chetical instruction,  as  formulated  by  St.  Au- 
gustine. The  work  appeals  principally  to 
priests   engaged   in   the   cvra   animarum,   who 


1925 


THE  FOETXIGHTLY  REVIEW 


320 


TWO    NEW    RECORD    BOOKS 
FOR  THE  CLERGY 

"The  Mass  Intention  Calendar,  ar- 
ranged according  to  the  Ordo,  stating  all 
the  Pro  Populo  Masses,  ruled  on  one  side 
of  the  Book  for  Masses  received  and  the 
Calendar  side  for  Intentions  fulfilled.  In 
back   are   sheets   for   transferring   Masses. 

Price,  $1.00 

"The  Ecclesiastical  Appointment 
Book,"  same  as  the  above,  only  ruled  for 
Weddings,  Funerals,  Baptisms,  Sick  Calls, 
Confessions,  Miscellaneous  Appointments 
and  Remarks. 

Price,    85c 
Special  offer  for  the  two ;.  .$1.50 

JOHN  W.  WINTERICH,  Cleveland"  ""o. 

Furnished  by  all   Church  Supply   Houses 


THE  ECHO 

A  Catholic  newspaper  of  superior 
merit,  which  appeals  to  readers  outside 
of  its  own  local  environment.  It  con- 
tains a  great  deal  of  information  which 
will  not  be  found  in  any  other  paper. 

Father  F.  EomboutS;  of  New  Orleans, 
says  in  the  Dec.  15,  1924,  issue  of  the 
FortnigMly  Beview:  "First  the  F.  E., 
second  The  Echo — and  all  the  rest  is 
simply  filling. ' ' 


SEND  FOR   A   SAMPLE   COPY 


THE  ECHO 

564  Dodge  St.         Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


will  find  therein  not  only  much  useful  theo- 
retical matter,  but  a  wealth  of  information 
and  hints  derived  from  a  long  and  ripe  ex- 
perience. Part  IV,  dealing  with  the  pastoral 
care  of  children  ("  Kinderseelsorge"),  can 
be  purchased  separately.  (Innsbruck:  Fel. 
Eauch;  for  sale  in  this  countrv  by  the  Fr. 
Pustet  Co.,  Inc.) 

—The  1924-25  edition  of  "The  Seminar- 
ists '  S^Tnposium, ' '  edited  and  issued  by  the 
St.  Thomas  Literary  and  Homiletie  Society  of 
St.  Yiucent  Seminary,  Beatty,  Pa.,  comes  up 
to  the  high  literary  and  artistic  standards 
set  by  previous  issues.  The  leading  papers 
deal  with  the  Anno  Santo,  St.  Thomas  and 
Descartes,  the  Oxford  movement,  the  history 
of  St.  Vincent's  Abbey,  the  "movies,"  Bible 
reading  among  Catholics,  the  Bollandist  move- 
ment, the  use  of  the  word  * '  Eoman' '  in  con- 
nection with  ' '  Catholic,' '  the  poetry  of  Father 
Abram  J,  Eyan,  and  Mohammedanism.  There 
is  also  some  fiction  and  poetry.  Altogether 
the  Year  Book  furnishes  proof  of  the  width 
and  depth  of  the  learning  that  is  dispensed  at 
St.  Vincent 's  Seminary.  The  artistic  make- 
up of  the  volume  is  beyond  praise. 

— A  third  edition  has  appeared  of  Dr.  Ste- 
phan's  "  Psalmenschliissel, "  which  is  an  in- 
troduction to  the  linguistic  peculiarities  and 
the  trend  of  thought  of  the  Psalms,  includ- 
ing the  canticles,  received  into  the  Breviary. 
The  author  has  gone  to  the  trouble  to  com- 
pare the  Vulgate  text  of  these  Psalms  word 
for  word  with  the  original  Hebrew  and  to 
correct  the  mistakes  and  obscurations  that 
have  arisen  from  a  too  slavish  translation. 
The  useful  volume  is  divided  into  three  sec- 
tions, of  which  the  first  contains  a  list  of 
S3'ntactieal  peculiarities,  the  second  a  lexicon 
of  words  which  have  a  different  meaning  in 
the  Psalms  than  in  classical  Latin,  and  the 
third  an  annotated  translation  of  all  the 
Psalms  that  have  been  embodied  in  the  Di- 
vine Office.  Even  though  learned  Hebraists 
may  pick  an  occasional  fiaw  in  it,  this  is  a 
useful  hook  that  can  be  heartily  recommended 
to  the  reverend  clergy,  especially  as  the  price 
($2)  is  very  reasonable.     (Kosel  &  Pustet.) 

—The  fifth  of  the  "Orchard  Books" 
presents  a  new  translation,  by  Fr.  Allan  Eoss 
of  the  London  Oratory,  of  the  "Introduc- 
tion to  a  Devout  Life ' '  of  St.  Francis  de 
Sales.  Unlike  previous  versions,  this  one  is 
both  accurate  and  pleasing  from  the  literary 
standpoint,  and  will  no  doubt  in  course  of 
time  supplant  that  of  Challoner,  which  is 
obsolete,  and  the  later  one  of  Eichards,  which 
is  too  free  and  vitiated  by  many  errors.  The 
text  used  by  the  translator  is  that  of  the 
critical  edition  of  the  works  of  St.  Francis, 
now  n  earing  completion.  A  brief  introduc- 
tion furnishes  some  data  regardina:  this  spi- 
ritual classic  and  previous  translations  of  it 
into  English.     (Benziger  Bros.) 


326 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


August  1 


New  Books   Received 


A  Retreat  for  Nuns.  By  Rev.  Walter  Elliott, 
of  the  Paulist  Fathers,  viii  &  310  pp.  12mo. 
Washington,  D.  C. :  The  Apostolic  Mission 
House.     $2.25,  postpaid. 

The  Angels — Good  and  Bad.  By  the  Rev. 
Fred  r  ck  A.  Houck.  xii  &  141  pp.  12  mo. 
B.  Herder  Book  Co.     $1.25  net. 

Twelve  and  After.  A  Book  of  Teaeher's  Ma- 
terial for  the  Religious  Instruction  of  Older 
Children.  By  the  Editor  of  ' '  The  Sower.  " 
xii  &  131  pp.  12mo.  Benziger  Bros.  $1.80 
net. 

Iioma  Sacra.  Eine  Pilgerfahrt  von  Joseph  Au- 
gust Lux.  Mit  aeht  Bildern.  40  pp.  5x7  in. 
Herder  &  Co.     45  cts.      (Wrapper.) 

Vor  dem  Sommer.  Ein  Buch  voni  innern 
Reifeu  fiir  unsere  kiinftigen  Frauen.  Von 
Heinrich  Fassbinder.  viii  &  199  pp.  12mo. 
Herder  &  Co.     $1. 

Lebensu'eg  und  Lehensicerlc.  Ein  niodernes 
Prophetenleben  von  P.  Albert  Maria  Weiss 
O.  Pr.  Mit  zwei  Bildnissen.  xiii  &  530  pp. 
8vo.     Herder  &  Co.     $2.75  net. 

The  Greatest  Man  on  Earth.  By  Thomas 
Mack,  vi  &  261  pp.  12mo.  B.  Herder  Book 
Co.     $1.75  net. 

N  eug  estaltung  des  hihlisclien  Geschichtsun- 
terrichts  fiir  die  Oherstvfe  der  Vo  ksschule, 
mit  Lehrauftritt :  Jesus  und  die  heidnische 
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direktor.  40  pp.  12mo.  Herder  &  Co.  35 
cts.  net.     (Wrapper.) 

Le  Peril  Judeo-Maeonnique.  Deuxieme  Par- 
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2.  Schulehan  'Arukli,  3.  Zohar.  Discip- 
line de  1 'Imperialisme  Juif:  1.  Qahal,  2. 
Conclusion.  Par  Mgr.  Jouin.  xxxix  &  150 
pp.  8vo.  Paris:  Revue  Internationale  des 
Societes  Secretes. 

The  Franciscan  Custody  of  the  Holy  Land 
Yesterday  and  To-Day.  77  pp.  12  mo.  Il- 
lustrated. Rome:  Libreria  di  S.  Antonio, 
Via  Merulana,  124. 

The  Question  of  the  Holy  Places.  32  pp.  12mo. 
London:  Catholic  Truth  Society.  (Pam- 
phlet.) 

Guide  Officiel  des  Franco- Americains  1925. 
6nie  Edition.  700  pp.  Svo.  Fall  River, 
Mass. :  Albert  A.  Belanger. 

Novena  Manual  of  Our  Lady  of  Perpetual 
Help.  Containing  an  Historical  Account  of 
the  Miraculous  Image;  also  Important 
Points  Concerning  the  Archconfratcrnity  of 
Our  Lady  of  Perpetual  Help  and  St.  Al- 
phonsus.  To  which  is  added  a  Selection 
of   Prayers   and   Devotions.     By  Rev.   Jos. 

A.  Chapoton,  C.  SS.  R.     424  pp.  16mo.     B. 
Herder  Book  Co.     $1.60. 

St.  Thomas  Aciuinas.  Papers  from  the  Sum- 
mer School  of  Catholic  Studies  held  at 
Cambridge,  Aug.  4-9,  1924.  Edited  by  the 
Eev.  C.  Lattey,  S.  J.     xii  &  311  pp.  12mo. 

B.  Herder  Book  Co.     $2.25  net. 


JUST  PUBLISHED 

THE  GREATEST  MAN 
ON  EARTH 

By 
Thomas  D.  Mack 

Cloth,  8vo.,  —  261  pages. 
Net  $1 .  75 

A  group  of  six  stories,  varied  in 
theme  and  treatment,  in  which  many 
notes  of  life  are  sounded,  from  tragedy 
to  light  huu]orous  fancy,  spread  upon  a 
broad  canvas  which  reflects  the  sophis- 
tication of  the  cultured  in  cities  and 
the  simplicity  of  tlie  unlearned  in  re- 
mote places. 

A  vi.sionary  Irish  -scholar,  taking  a  leaf 
from  the  history  of  the  famous  Casper 
Hauser,  by  developing  the  senses  of  an 
only  son  to  an  extraordinary  degree  of 
astuteness,  would  make  him  The  Great- 
est Man  on  Earth.  The  action  of  this 
astonishing  experiment  takes  place  in 
Ii eland  and  America,  and  the  denoue- 
inent    is    dramatic    and    unexpected. 

His  long  and  useful  life  had  known  no 
taint  of  dishonor.  The  true  and  loving 
udfe  who  had  been  ever  his  helpmate 
goes  before  him.  he  loses  his  grip  ana 
things  slip,  misfortune  ensulfs  him.  but 
when  di-shonesty  would  lay  hands  upon 
him,    The    Watch    Invisible   intervenes. 

A  marshy  bog  that  seems  to  have  no 
bounds!  the  pitch  blackness  of  storm- 
ridden  hours!  pale  faces  and  gleaming 
">yes  revealed  in  the  staccato  flare  of  lurid 
lightning!  The  weird  mystery  of  an 
vmeaithfd  history!  The  startlirg  story 
of  a  brilliant  life  plunged  into  The  Dark 
Morass   in   one   mad   moment   of  jealousy. 

In  The  Final  Adjustment  we  find  that 
things  are  not  always  as  they  seem,  and 
in  this  whimsical  tale  of  American  life 
in  a  small  city  a  cast  of  typical  Ameri- 
can characters  with  typical  American 
problems  nudge  one  another  in  and  out 
of  a  maze  of  situations  which  result  in 
a  final  and  equitable  adjustment. 

In  Sentimentalists  we  learn  of  the  sacri- 
fices of  an  old-fashioned  mother,  an  un- 
recognized author  whose  story  of  her  big 
heart  a  smart  editor  declared  did  not 
portray  life,  and  of  the  unexpected  in- 
fluence this  saine  manuscript  had  upon 
two  denizens  of  the  underworld  engaged 
in  a  serious  crime. 

The  labyrinth  of  difficulties  Mr.  Blowell, 
The  Cheerless  Giver,  finds  himself  in 
through  a  moment  of  indecision,  are 
amusing — but  not  to  Mr.  Blowell!  This 
is  ijure  humor,  with  a  thread  of  sympa- 
thetic romance  interwoven,  and  at  the 
same  time  a  pretty  accurate  depiction  of 
the  charity  that  motivates  the  giving  of 
many  a  big  business  man. 


B.  Herder  Book  Co. 

17    South    Broadway,         St.    Louis,   Mo. 


1925 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


327 


The    Western 
Catholic  Union 

A   Permanent   Catholic   Fraternal 
Life  Insurance  Society 

Founded  at  Quincy,    111.,   in    1877 


Catholic  to  the  core. 

Assets  approximately 
$1,100,000. 


48  years  of  aggressive  and  successful 
operation.  Eates  of  contribution  based 
on  the  American  Experience  Table. 

Free  from  all  secret  ritualistic  work, 
pass  words,  etc.  Combines  Old  Line 
Security   with    Fraternal   Economy. 


Our  branch  societies  are  in  reality 
parish  societies.  Admits  men,  women, 
and   children. 


Three  forms  of  certificates:  20  Pay 
Whole  Life,  Whole  Life  Special,  and 
Term  to  Age  65. 


Juvenile  Section 

Paid-up    and    extended    features    con- 
nected  with    our    certificates. 


Eecognized  by  insurance  authorities 
as  the  last  word  in  economic  life  in- 
surance. 


Supreme  Office 

Western  Catholic  Union  Building 

Quincy,  111. 


Notice  of  Removal 

The  Offices  and  Salesrooms  of 

J.    Fischer    &    Bro. 

Publishers  of 

Church,    School,    and    Organ    Music    are 

noAv  located  at 

119  West  40th  Street 

New    York 

Between    Broadway    and    Sixth    Avenue. 

A  cordial  invitation  is  extended  to  the 
Eeverend  Clergy,  Sisters  and  organists, 
when  in  New  York,  to  pay  our  establish- 
ment a  visit. 


Churches,     Rectories,    Schools, 
Convents  and  Institutions. 

If    you    contemplate    the    erection    of    a 
building  write  us  for  information. 

Ludewig  &  Dreisoerner 

ARCHITECTS 
Ecclesiastical     Architecture 

3543    Humphrey    Street 

SAINT  LOUIS,   MO. 

Sidney    3  1  86 


Established   in   1855 


Will  &Bauiiier  Candle  Co, 

Inc. 

Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

Makers   of   Highest   Grades   of 

Church  Candles 

Branch  Office 

405    North  Main  Street 

St.  Louis,  Mo. 


32S  THE    FORTNIGHTLY   EEVIEW  August    1 

?«AAAAAA5' ;»!.,. UA>•iAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA^AAAAAAAAA  ^* 


TAe  Vrinters^  oArt 


What  the  NEW 

HAMMOND  Does 

Writes  in  any  kind  of  type  you 
want. 

Instantly  changes  from  one  style 
or  size  to  another — simply  by 
shifting  gears. 

Changes  letter  spacing  to  fit  vari- 
ous sized  types. 

Makes  use  of  over  50  different 
languages  and  140  mathemat- 
ical and  special  characters. 

Assures  uniform  impression  by 
automatic  touch. 


ted  to  Typewriting! 

nyriLLIONS  of  typewritten  letters  go 
L^  0  V  unread  today  because  they  look  so 
uninteresting.  But  that  can't  be  said  of 
a  Hammond-typed  letter! 

The  new  Hammond  dresses  up  old  words  in 
so  many  new  and  different  styles  tliat  they  arouse 
immediate  attention.  Today,  hundreds  of  ex- 
ecutives are  using  this  unique  machine  for  sales 
letters,  reports  and  documents  wliose  importance 
demands  unusual  methods  of  presentation. 

HE      NEW 


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VARIABLE  SPACING 
CHANGEABLE  TYPE     )-' 


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The  New  Hammond  comes  in  either  the  Write  today  for  illustrated  catalog  describing  the  New 

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ST.  LOUIS  BRANCH 


Ad    2- 


707   Wainwright    Building 


Architect  and 


Churches,  Schools,  and  Institutions 

Syndicate  Trust  Building 
Tenth  and  Olive  Streets 
Saint    Louis,  Missouri 

Uinois   l.ici-nsed   Engineer 


MISSIONARY     SISTERS 

Numerous  Sisters  are  needed  in  our 
foreigrn  fields.  For  details  in  regard  to 
admission  into  the  Community  of  the  Mis- 
sionary Sisters.  Servants  of  the  Holy 
Ghost,  write  to  Sister  Provincial,  Holy 
Ghost    Convent.    Techny,    Til. 


NOTICE  OF  REMOVAL 

After  Sep lember  1st,    1925, 

The  "CAECILIA" 


a  monthly  devoted  to  CATH- 
OLIC CHURCH  and  SCHOOL 
MUSIC,  will  be  edited  and  pub- 
lished in  Mundelein,   111. 

Annual  subscription  price  $2.00. 

Address : 

Otto  A.  Singenberger 

St.   Mary   of  the   Lake   Seminary 
MUNDELEIN,  ILL. 


1925 


THE    FORTXTGHTLY    REVIEW 


329 


WHAT  FIVE   HUNDRED   DOLLARS   WILL   DO 

SIX   PKR  CENT  AND  ABSOLT'TK    SECURITY 
ON      FIRST     MORTGAGE     NOTES      FROM     SoOO     UP 

Every  Investor  has  always  received  every  dollar  of  Principal  and  Interest  on  loans  bought  through  our 
company.  All  loans  secured  by  well-located  improved  income-property.  Monthly  Sinking  Fund  provides  for 
gradual  retirement  of  the  debt  and  makes  repayment  of  principal  and  interest  a  certainty. 

DnwCRTPTIVK      HOOKLET      ON      REQUEST 

CHOUTEAU    TRUST    COMPANY 

CHOUTEAU.  HEMP  AND  VANDEVENTER  AVENUES 

1,.  \\'.   UKMP.   I^RESinEN'T  S.   I>.  SST.  .JEAN,  SECRETARY-TREASVRKR  J.   >V.  >VESTON.  ViCE-PRES. 


.sands   of 
fraction 


ST.  ANTHONY'S  BEST  KNOWN    SHRINE 

We  think  v»'e  are  entirely  risht  in  sa>ing-  tiiat  St.  Anthony's  Shrine 
in  the  Church  of  St.  Francis  on  the  Mount  of  the  Atonement  is  the 
most  widely  known  and  most  liberally  patronized  of  any  Shrine  erected 
in  honor  of  the  Wonder-Worker  of  Padua  in  America.  Ever  since  the 
Statue  of  St.  Anthony  was  set  up  in  the  Gospel  corner  of  the  Sanctuary, 
a  few  days  before  the  dedication  of  this  sam.e  St.  Francis  Church,  it 
has  been  the  object  of  an  increasing  devotion  on  the  part  of  his  clients. 
Beginning-  wltli  a  rivulet,  the  petitions  sent  for  remembrance  in  the 
tiraymoor  Novena  to  St.  Anthony  have  swollen  into  a  stream  of  no 
niean  dimensioiTS. 

A  fresii  Xovena  to  the  Saint  Ijeg^ins  every  Tuesday,  as  most  of 
our  readers  know,  and  so  these  weekly  Novenas  constitute  an  end- 
less chain,  to  wlnich  we  have  given  the  name  of  ST.  ANTHONY'S 
PERPETUAL  NOVENA.  There  has  been  a  notable  Increase  of  peti- 
tions come  to  us  from  all  parts  of  the  United  States  and  Canada  dur- 
ing the  past  six  months,  and  their  volunte,  we  are  happy  to  report,  is 
ever  swelling  to  larger  proportions.  That  the  efficacy  of  St.  Anthony's 
intercession  justifies  the  confidence  reposed  on  him  by  so  many  thou- 
clients,  the  testimonials  which  follow  serve  to  show.  They  are  only  a  small 
out  of  the  hundreds  of  such  testimonials  which  come   to  us   every  month. 


THANKSGIVINGS  FOR  FAVORS  RECEIVED  THROUGH  THE  INTERCESSION  OF 

ST.  ANTHONY. 


E.  O.  S.,  Chicago,  111.:      "Six  months  ago  I 

made  a  change  in  positions  and  was  very- 
anxious    to    lietter    myself    financially.       I 

made  a  proini.se   to   St.    Anthony's   Corner 

of   a  ten    dollar   donation    and   publication 

provided    he    helped    me.     He    surely    has. 

as   I   never  made   so   much   money   in   any 

six   months   of   my   life   as   I   made    during 

the    past    six   months." 

Those  wishing  to  learn  more  of  the  Wonder-Worker  and  wish  to  read  the  many 
thanksgiving  letters,  can.  uiDon  request,  obtain  free  a  copy  of  THE  EAMP.  which  con- 
tains all  this   information.     Send   yoiu-   petitions  to 


Mrs.  W.  A.  S.,  Washington,  D.  C: 
"Kindly  accept  the  enclosed  offering  for 
the  St.  Anthony  Bread  Fund  in  thank- 
ful appreciation  for  two  favors  asked 
and  granted — that  my  husband  would 
successfully  pass  the  Bar  examinations, 
and  that  we  would  sell  our  furniture. 
Thanking  you  for  your  prayers,  I  re- 
main." 


ST.  ANTHONY'S  GRAYMOOR  SHRINE 


Friars  of  the  Atonement, 


?ox  316,  Peekskil!,   N.  Y. 


Church   Bazaars,    Festivals,    etc. 

Church  Institutions  have  been  btiying  our 
goods  with  perfect  satisfaction  for  over 
thirty  years.  This  is  because  we  carry 
a  large  selection  of  merchandise  especial- 
ly suitable  for  such  purposes  at  un- 
usually low   prices. 

Our  Goods  Assure  Profits 
Because  They  Are  Use- 
ful, Attractive  and  Ap- 
pealing. 

Novelties,  Silverware, 

Aluminum  Goods.  Dolls, 
Candy,  Indian  Blankets, 
Paddle  Wheels,  etc. 
This  large  catalogue  free 
to  Clergymen  and  buying 
committees. 

We  can  refer  to  liundreds 
of  Catholic  Churches. 
Our  Catalog — 
A  Buyer's  Guide 

N.  SHURE  CO.,  Chicago 

Wholesale  Merchandise 


LOUIS  PREUSS,  ASSOCIATED  WITH 
THE  LATE  JOHN  T.  COMES  IN  THE 
BUILDING  OF  THE  KENRICK  SEMI- 
NARY, HAS  ASSOCIATED  HIMSELF 
WITH  MR.  J.  G.  STEINBACH,  OF 
CHICAGO,  FOR  THE  PURPOSE  OF 
COLLABORATING  WITH  HIM  IN 
THE  CONSTRUCTION  OF  CHURCH- 
ES, SCHOOLS,  CONVENTS,  AND 
OTHER  ECCLESIASTICAL  INSTITU- 
TIONS ACCORDING  TO  THE  TRUE 
PRINCIPLES  OF  CHRISTIAN  ART. 
HE  RESPECTFULLY  SOLICITS  YOUR 
PATRONAGE. 

772.3   LANDSDOWN   AVE.,    WEBSTER 

GROVES,  MO. 

TELEPHONE:  BENTON  3057  R. 


330  THE    FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW  August  15 

KyAAAAAAF<AiiAiiAkAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/^AAAAAAAAA^f 


The  ^rinters^  oArt 

oApplied  to  Typewriting! 

(TTyTILLIONS  of  typewritten  letters  go 
^— -^  ^  ^  unread  today  because  they  look  so 
uninteresting.  But  that  can't  be  said  of 
a  Hammond-typed  letter! 

The  new  Hammond  dresses  up  old  words  in 
so  many  new  and  different  styles  that  they  arouse 
immediate  attention.  Today,  hundreds  of  ex- 
ecutives are  using  this  unique  machine  for  sales 
letters,  reports  and  documents  whose  importance 
demands  unusual  methods  of  presentation, 

■<|1^         T  H   E      N   E  W  I 

^    (&     TYPEWRITE  R  ^ 

P      VARIABLE  SPACING 
\A-i    CHANGEABLE  TYPE 

What  special  typewriting  do  YOU  require? 

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Hammond,  and  suggesting  countless  ways  it  can  be 
made  to  serve. 

Hammond  Typewriter  Corp.,  80  Brook  Ave.  at  I32nd  St.,  New  York 


What  the  NEW 

HAMMOND  Does 

Writes  in  any  kind  of  type  you 
want. 

Instantly  changes  from  one  style 
or  size  to  another — simply  by 
shifting  gears. 

Changes  letter  spacing  to  fit  vari- 
ous sized  types. 

Makes  use  of  over  50  different 
languages  and  140  mathemat- 
ical and  special  characters. 

Assures  uniform  impression  by- 
automatic  touch. 


The  New  Hammond  comes  in  either  the 
Desk  Type  or  Folding  Portable,  which  has 
all  the  exclusive  features  of  the  Desk  Type, 
but  weighs  only  &^i  pounds. 


jNn  VVVVVVVVVVVVYVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVWVWVVVVWVVVWVVV  ^ 


ST.    LOUIS    BRANCH 


Ad    2- 


707   Wainwright    Building 


Victor  J.  Klutho 

Architect  and 
Superintendent 

Churches,  Schools,  and  Institutions 

Syndicate  Trust  Building 
Tenth  and  Olive  Streets 
Saint    Louis,  Missouri 

Illinois  Licensed  Engineer 


MISSIONARY    SISTERS 

Numerous  Sisters  are  needed  in  our 
foreign  fields.  For  details  in  regard  to 
admission  into  the  Community  of  the  Mis- 
sionary Sisters,  Servants  of  the  Holy 
Ghost,  write  to  Sister  Provincial,  Holy 
Ghost   Convent,   Techny,  111. 


NOTICE  OF  REMOVAL 

After  September  1st,    1925, 

The  "CAECILIA" 


a  monthly  devoted  to  CATH- 
OLIC CHURCH  and  SCHOOL 
MUSIC,  will  be  edited  and  pub- 
lished in  Mundelein,   111. 

Annua!  subscription  price  $2.00. 

Address : 

Otto  A.  Singenberger 

St.   Mary   of  the   Lake  Seminary 
MUNDELEIN,  ILL. 


The  Fortnightly  Review 


VOL.   XXXII,   XO.    16 


ST.   LOriS,   MISSOURI 


Aug.   15th,   1925 


CHRONICLE  AND  COMMENT 


Uncle  Sam  in  Haiti 

(xenera]  Ben  II.  Fuller,  returning 
from  Haiti  on  June  17,  was  incautious 
enough  to  say  to  a  reporter  for  the  X. 
Y.  T)i»es:  "Contrary  to  the  general 
impression  the  marines  are  not  in  Haiti 
on  any  general  mission  of  sanitation  oi' 
civilization.  "We  are  simj^ly  there  to 
prevent  the  overthrow  of  tiie  regularly 
constituted  government. ' ' 

That  is  refreshing  honesty.  ' '  We  are 
in  Haiti,"  explains  the  Nation  (Vol. 
121,  No.  3131),  "to  maintain  an  unpop- 
ular and  unconstitutional  government, 
which  could  not  hold  otifice  for  a  minute 
without  the  support  of  the  American 
marines.  American  marines  dissolved 
Haiti's  legislature  in  1916  and  have  not 
permitted  Haiti  to  hold  an  election 
since.  All  the  blather  about  uplifting 
the  natives  which  the  Marine  Corps 
publicity  man  spreads  so  copiously 
through  the  Sunday  papers  is,  as  Gen- 
eral Fuller  admits,  sheer  whitewash. 
AVe  are  there,  in  fact,  to  make  Haiti 
safe  for  the  $30,000,000  loan  which  we 
forced  on  her  in  1921." 

Major  General  John  A.  Lejeune, 
commandant  of  the  Marine  Corps,  fol- 
loAved  General  Fuller  with  another 
announcement.  The  withdrawal  of  the 
marines  was  remote,  he  said,  although 
the  original  occupation  force  of  3,000 
had  been  reduced  to  1,200,  and  would 
be  down  to  800  by  October.  Simul- 
taneously, the  State  Department  re- 
vealed that  the  ten-year  treat,y  forced 
on  Haiti  in  1915  had  been  extended  in 
1917  for  another  twenty  years — which, 
by  a  natural  coincidence,  extends 
American  control  of  Haitian  customs 
for  almost  the  precise  period  of  the 
American  bankers'  loan.  The  marines 
are  not  in  Haiti,  as  General  Fuller  says, 


for  any  altruistic  reason.  They  are 
there  to  serve  American  financial  in- 
terests. 

A  Setback  to  Militarism 

A  Fi'ench  nationalist  organ  notes 
A\ith  regret  that  all  the  excitement 
al)()ut  the  election  of  Hindenburg  seems 
to  have  died  away  in  France.  The 
election  has  had  none  of  the  terrible 
results  predicted,  and  in  Germany  there 
is  a  growing  movement  towards  a 
friendly  arrangement  with  France  and 
England,  to  which  the  French  govern- 
ment is  responding  by  further  evacu- 
ations of  occupied  territory.  There  are 
Avelcome  indications  that  both  in 
France  and  Germany  militarist  nation- 
alism is  suffering  a  setback  under  the 
influence  of  a  growing  realisation  that 
this  is  no  time  for  international  quar- 
relling in  AVestern  and  Central  Europe, 
in  face  of  undoubted  dangers  arising  in 
Africa  and  Asia,  amid  the  revolu- 
tionary propaganda  of  Bolshevist 
Russia,  itself  a  semi-Asiatic  power,  that 
has  declared  open  war  on  Christian 
ideals. 

The  Catholic  Times  reports  that  the 
Riff  campaign  in  French  Morocco 
(which  seems  to  be  developing  into 
what  before  1914  would  have  been  ac- 
counted a  serious  war)  is  exciting-  no 
enthusiasm  in  France.  It  is  perhaps 
the  first  time  in  modern  France  that  a 
war  has  been  regarded  by  great  masses 
of  the  people  as  a  thoroughly  unwel- 
come business,  in  which  even  success  is 
unable  to  elicit  any  happier  feeling 
than  that  it  gives  hope  of  the  whole 
thing  being  soon  over  and  done  wdth. 
Heretofore  even  the  smallest  of  "colo- 
nial wars ' '  was  regarded  as  adding  new^ 
glory  to  the  military  record  of  the 
nation. 


332 


THE    FORTXTGHTLY    REVIEW 


Aiioust  .15 


Germany  Not  a  Protestant  Nation 

Against  the  seemingly  unkillal)le  le- 
gend that  Germany  stands  for  Protes- 
tantism, the  Irish  Rosary  (Vol.  XXIX, 
No.  4,  p.  250)  cites  the  testimony  of  an 
Irishman  Avhose  attachment  to  France 
can  not  reasonably  be  questioned, 
namely,  Mr.  Denis  Gw^'nn.  Mr.  G■v^^nn 
says:  "It  cannot  be  denied  that  there 
were  probably  more  practicing  Cath- 
olics among  the  German  armies  than 
there  were  on  the  French  side  of  the 
trenches,  and  the  persistent  representa- 
tion of  the  war  as  a  conflict  between 
Protestant  Germany  and  Catholic 
France,  which  is  still  diligently  main- 
tained b,y  many  French  Nationalists,  is 
quite  obviously  untrue." 

In  The  Month  for  October,  1922,  Fr. 
J.  Keating,  S.  J.,  Avas  able  to  state  that 
"Germany  can  boast  of  a  larger  pro- 
portion of  practical  Catholics  than  any 
of  her  opponents,"  and  he  added,  in 
words  that  all  who  love  peace  and  jus- 
tice should  mark  carefully,  that,  ' '  those 
who  make  war,  just  as  those  Avho  bene- 
fit by  it,  are  the  few." 

After  quoting  these  utterances,  the 
Kev.  H.  E.  G.  Rope  says  in  the  Irish 
Rosary  [l.  c.)  :  "This  surely  is  the 
sober  truth  of  the  matter.  We  need  a 
determined  effort  to  shake  off  from  our- 
selves and  others  the  base  yoke  of  a 
shameless  journalism,  the  most  power- 
ful instrument  at  present  available  to 
the  enemies  of  international  justice, 
friendship,  and  peace." 

The  Trail  of  the  "Secta  Infamis" 

The  Kev.  Dr.  II.  Fisclier,  of  the  Pon- 
tifical College  Josephinura,  in  an  ar- 
ticle in  the  Josephinnw  Weekly  (Vol. 
XI,  No.  32),  supports  our  contention 
Avith  regard  to  Gen.  Lafavette  (cfr.  F. 
R.,  XXXII,  15,  p.  311).  "Since 
Lafaj^ette  has  been  so  often  lauded  and 
exalted  as  a  Catholic,"  he  says,  "Mr. 
Preuss  thought  it  well  worth  his  Avhile 
to  take  him  down  from  his  pedestal, 
pluck  his  halo  from  his  head  and  shoAv 
him  up  in  his  true  colors.  If  that  is 
the  case,  one  Avill  admit  that  he  is  right 
in  giA^ng  as  much  space  as  he  can  spare 
to  the  discussion.  We  are  too  inclined 
to  boAv  doAA'n  before  idols  AA'ith  clay  feet. 


►So  il  is  highly  commendable  if  someone 
comes  along  from  time  to  time,  giA^es 
them  an  effective  blow,  and  brings  them 
down  Avith  a  crash." 

In  ansAver  to  the  Indidna  Catholic's 
insinuatio]!  that  Freemasonry  Avas  first 
condemned  in  1829,  "on  account  of  the 
anti-Catliolic  conduct  of  the  French 
ajid  Italian  Masons,"  the  learned  pro- 
fessor of  history  says: 

"Nearly  a  hundred  years  earlier  the 
Popes  had  clearly  realized  the  absolute 
incompatibility  of  Masonry  Avith  the 
Catholic  Churcl] ;  they  had  probed  it  to 
its  very  heart  from  the  beginning,  as 
Masons  themselves  have  admitted.  And 
it  had  been  condemned  at  that  early 
period  of  its  existence,  not  merely  'on 
account  of  the  anti-Catholic  conduct  of 
the  French  and  Italian  Masons,'  but  on 
account  of  its  sinister  actiAuties  all  oyer 
Europe.  Anyone  conversant  Avith  the 
history  of  the  18th  century  knOAA^s  that 
Masonry  in  Germany,  Austria,  Spain, 
Portngal,  and  England  Avas  not  one 
Avhit  better  than  that  of  Italy  and 
France.  EveryAvere,  in  the  intrigues 
and  machinations  that  led  to  the  sup- 
pression of  the  Jesuits,  in  Josephinism, 
in  the  salons  of  the  Encyclopedists  of 
France  and  in  the  Deistic  movement 
in  England,  in  all  the  anti-Catholic  and 
anti-Christian  activities  of  that  sad 
period,  Ave  can  trace  the  slimy  trail  of 
the  ' secta  i)ifaniis'  ['the  infamous  sect,' 
as  Leo  XIII  called  Masonry]." 

Liturgy  and  Life 

One  of  the  most  jiopular  forms  of 
litei-ature  at  tlie  i)resent  day  is  bio- 
graphy. The  reason  Avould  seem  to  be 
tliat.  in  reading  of  the  thoughts  and 
deeds  of  some  distinguished  man,  the 
reader  is  brought  near  to  actual  ex- 
periences that  interest  him :  he  is  put 
in  tnucli  Avith  another  life.  It  Avas  a 
saying  of  tlie  late  Edmund  Bishop  that 
in  no  l)ranch  of  liistorical  study  is  the 
stndent  In-ouglit  so  closely  into  touch 
Avith  the  real  life  of  the  men  of  past 
ages  as  in  the  study  of  the  liturgy.  It 
is  in  their  prayers,  he  Avould  say,  that 
you  find  the  most  liA-ing  record  of 
men's  real  character,  and  it  is  in  the 
study  of  their  Avorship  that  you  Avill  get 


1925 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


333 


nearest  to  their  inmost  minds  and 
hearts.  Here,  then,  is  a  strong  incen- 
tive to  the  acquisition  of  knowledge  in 
the  realm  of  liturgical  science ;  but  it  is 
by  no  means  the  only  one.  When  we 
remember  what,  as  Catholics,  we  know 
the  Church  really  is,  it  can  hardly  fail 
to  be  of  intense  interest  to  us  to  learn 
how  the  Holy  Spirit  has  worked  in  men 
in  the  matter  of  their  corporate  wor- 
ship  of  Almighty   God,   andl  to  grasp 


more  fully  the  scope  and  nature  of  that 
adoration  of  the  Bride  of  the  Lamb  in 
which  the  Church  participates  in  the 
heavenly  pleading  and  thanksgiving  of 
her  Divine  Lord.  In  the  history  of 
the  public  liturgy  of  the  Church  we  are 
watching  man's,  closest  corporate  ap- 
proach to  his  God  in  this  life.  Thus 
can  the  study  of  the  liturgy  increase 
our  living  knowledge  alike  of  God  and 
man. 


The  Catholic  Industrial  Conference 

By    P.    H.    Callahan    of    Louisville 


A  few  weeks  ago  there  was  held  in 
Chicago  the  Third  Annual  Meeting  of 
the  Catholic  Industrial  Conference.  As 
at  the  previous  meetings,  which  were 
held  at  Milwaukee  and  Pittsburgh,  the 
programme  was  not  only  interesting, 
but  at  times  exciting. 

These  conferences  between  employers 
and  employees  are  specifically  urged  in 
Leo  XIII 's  Labor  Encyclical  for  the 
purpose  of  discussing  frankly  the  view- 
points of  the  different  interests  invol- 
ved, with  the  hope  of  developing  a 
mutual  understanding  and  avoiding 
those  disputes  and  dissensions  which 
create  so  much  enmity  with  no  ad- 
vantage to  capital  and  no  improvement 
in  the  condition  of  the  working  classes. 

The  city  of  Chicago  being  our  lead- 
ing industrial  city,  the  meeting  opened 
with  a  larger  attendance  than  any  pre- 
vious Conference.  Mayor  Dever  made 
a  fine  impression  by  speaking  knowing- 
ly and  approvingly  of  our  aims  and 
objects,  rather  than  giving  us  the  worn- 
out  "Keys  to  our  City."  President 
McCabe  in  opening  the  programme 
said : 

"We  come  here  to  discuss  indus- 
trial problems,  not  to  draw  up  re- 
solutions and  to  make  programmes. 
We  are  here  to  conduct  an  open 
forum.  We  take  it  for  granted  that 
those  participating  accept  the  general 
Catholic  social  principles  laid  down 
in  the  Encyclical  of  Pope  Leo  XIII, 
but  we  differ  on  the  application  of 


those  principles  to  industrial  condi- 
tions. ' ' 

It  was  very  apparent  when  the  dis- 
cussion opened  that  President  McCabe 
had  spoken  correctly,  for  there  was  a 
wide  divergence  of  opinion.  It  all  re- 
minded me  of  how,  some  years  ago 
when  the  famous  ' '  Pittsburgh  Survey ' ' 
was  made,  which  dealt  largely  with 
the  wages  and  working  conditions  of 
the  U.  S.  Steel  Company,  one  of  our 
Catholic  sociologists  asked  the  Com- 
pany to  adopt  Leo  XIII 's  Encyclical  as 
a  programme  and  was  assured  by 
Chairman  Gary  they  would  be  only  too 
glad  to  do  so  if  allowed  to  make  their 
OAvn  interpretation  of  that  document. 

This  thought  makes  me  believe  a 
serious  situation  is  confronting  the  Con- 
ference; something  must  be  done  to 
prevent  these  meetings  from  becoming 
lop-sided,  for  so  far  the  Conference  is 
mostlj'^  representing  labor,  rather  than 
acting  in  a  dual  capacity.  The  writer 
personally  has  no  complaint,  for  his 
fellow  employers  rather  consider  him 
more  a  sociologist  than  a  manufacturer 
and  employer;  but  it  is  necessary  to 
have  employers  in  attendance  and  in 
discussion  as  well  as  workers,  lest  the 
meetings  become  forums  for  the  labor 
leaders  and  educators  to  urge  their 
view  of  these  controversial  subjects 
one-sidedly,  without  hearing  from  the 
employers. 

The  Chicago  programme  included  for 
the  first  day  a  debate  on  the  Child 
Labor    Amendment     between     Father 


334 


THE     f\)RTNIGHTL^-     IMOXIEW 


Au.uust    l.j 


John  A.  Ryan  and  Mi-.  Fred  P.  KenkrI. 
K.  S.  G.,  two  of  the  leadin"-  autliorities 
perhai),s  in  all  the  eountiy.  While  we 
thought  this  subject  had  become  thread- 
bare, both  of  these  students  of  eeo- 
nojiiics  brought  into  the  discussion  a  lot 
of  new  data  and  thought  which  was 
most  interesting  and  to  an  open  mind  it 
must  have  been  difficult  to  decide 
which  was  most  effective.  Each  of  these 
scholars  showed  every  respect  for  the 
opinions  of  the  other,  but  during  Father 
Ryan's  reading  of  his  paper  he  was  fre- 
(piently  interrupted  by  two  represen- 
tatives of  Capital.  It  was  the  very 
worst  of  manners,  just  ."heckling,'" 
done  in  that  superiority-complex 
fashion  that  is  more  responsible  than 
anything  else  for  the  lack  of  co-opera- 
tion between  employers  and  employees, 
and  it  likewise  accounted  at  this  meet- 
ing for  Capital  getting  roughly  handled 
during  the  balance  of  the  C-onference. 
Everyone  knows  what  hap])ens  when  a 
trained  labor  leader  gets  into  a  dis- 
cussion with  an  employer  in  a  public 
meeting. 

Every  ramification  of  the  subject. 
Children  in  Industry,  Avas  dealt  with 
either  in  the  debate  mentioned  or  in 
the  more  or  less  heated  discussion  which 
followed,  and  then  the  afternoon  ses- 
sion was  givenv  over  to  Labor  Insur- 
ance of  every  description :  unemploy- 
ment insurance,  as  already  practiced  in 
some  trades  in  this  country ;  how  the 
money  is  raised  and  who  are  the  bene- 
ficiaries; fraternal  and  labor  union 
insurance,  etc.  Group  insurance,  intro- 
duced largely  of  late  years,  was  treated 
roughly  by  the  Labor  people  as  merely 
another  instrumentality  to  destroy 
union  labor  by  impairing  the  men's  alle- 
giance to  their  union.  Inasmuch  as 
insurance  people  have  taken  up  group 
insurance  with  me  for  our  employees 
on  the  basis  of  paternalism  and  to  liold 
the  workers  with  an  insurance  policy, 
there  is  undou])tedly  some  truth  in  this 
charge. 

Arbitration  and  conciliation  brought 
into  the  i)rogramme  and  discussion  the 
interesting  experiences  of  several  La- 
bor leaders.  During  the  discussion 
"the    greed    and    avarice    of   the    em- 


ployers" was  worked  overtime,  but  the 
single  emploj'er  still  in  the  discussion 
the  second  day  was  countering  strongly 
with  the  "slugging  and  ])lack-jacking" 
of  the  strikers.  This  brought  out  fur- 
ther enlightening  remarks,  at  least  to 
me,  as  the  Labor  people  were  able  to 
show  that  some  considerable  part  of  the 
"slugging  and  black-jacking"  has  been 
done  by  the  "agents"  of  the  employ- 
ers to  create  public  opinion  or  rather 
prejudice  against  the  strikers  and 
workers. 

It  was  thought  that  "AVomen  and 
Industry"  for  the  afternoon  session  of 
the  second  day  Avould  provide  that  calm 
that  comes  after  a  squall,  but  Father 
Cooper's  statement,  in  the  most  inter- 
esting paper  of  the  Conference,  that 
the  "point  of  saturation"  had  been 
reached  as  to  women  at  work  in  indus- 
try and  some  diplomatic  suggestion  as 
to  the  proper  sphere  and  duty  for 
women,  started  a  debate  that  compared 
with  any  previous  session,  and  it  is  my 
opinion  that  if  the  women  present  were 
representative  of  their  class,  the  point 
of  absorption  of  women  at  work  has 
not  yet  been  reached,  and  if  they  all 
have  the  same  progressive  spirit  and 
resourcefulness  that  was  shown  in  this 
discussion,  the  situation  is  by  no  means 
hopeless. 

x\s  at  Milwaukee  and  Pittsburgh,  so 
at  Chicago,  the  employers  were  poorly 
represented  as  to  numbers  and  still 
more  so  in  the  discussion,  although  al- 
ways included  in  the  programme  in 
the  initial  presentation  of  the  subjects. 
There  may  be  some  explanation  for  the 
absence  of  Catholic  employers,  although 
to  my  own  knowledge  Father  McGowan 
worked  up  a  list  of  Catholic  executives 
in  Chicago  and  vicinitj',  writing  each 
of  them  personally  to  make  an  effort 
to  attend ;  but  very  few  put  in  an  ap- 
pearance. This  matter  of  the  attend- 
ance and  proper  representation  of  the 
employing  class  is  very  important,  and 
this  particular  delinquency  will  have 
to  be  remedied  somehow  if  we  are  to 
succeed  in  carrying  out  the  will  of  the 
Holy  Father. 

It  was  my  conclusion  as  well  as  that 
of  a  few  others  who  studied  the  per- 


1925 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


335 


soimel  of  the  meeting  that  it  consisted 
of  about  30  per  cent  laborers ;  30  per 
cent  educators ;  30  per  cent  social 
workers ;  and  10  per  cent  employers. 
AYith  an  attendance  of  this  character 
the  discussion  might  have  led  some 
critics  to  conclude  that  we  are  only 
providing  a  forum  for  Labor  to  tell  its 
story.  Employers  and  Capital,  gener- 
ally speaking,  should  realize  this  is  the 
momentous  question  of  this  generation, 
for  while  it  might  seem  that  prohibi- 
tion and  of  late  evolution  have  the  cen- 
ter of  the  nation's  stage,  there  can  be 
nothing  very  radical  or  serious  to  the 
outcome,  but  the  industrial  relations 
between  Capital  and  Labor  might  bring 
about  conditions  that  would  upset  all 
our  institutions  and  the  established 
order  of  things. 

It  may  be  true  that  up  to  and  in- 
cluding the  Chicago  meeting  the  en- 
vironment, or  possibly  the  "atmos- 
phere," of  the  Conferences  were  not 
altogether  congenial  to  the  employers, 
and  it  must  be  admitted  that  there  is 
too  much  of  the  worn-out  "greed  and 
avarice  of  the  employer"  stuff;  also 
there  is  the  unnecessarily  spirited  ap-' 
plause  to  every  sympathetic  note 
sounded  for  Labor  and  the  stillness  of 
death  when  anything  is  said  favorable 
to  Capital  or  its  troubles ;  but  how  this 
can  be  controlled,  is  beyond  me. 

It  has  been  said  that  the  possession  of 
wealth,  the  profession  of  the  law,  and 
the  Catholic  religion  are  the  principal 
agencies  that  make  conservative  minds, 
which  may  account  for  the  Catholic 
employer  being  known  as  hard-boiled, 
and  if  it  is  true,  it  means  that  all  the 
more  effort  and  patience  should  be  ex- 
ercised to  get  him  actively  interested  in 
our  programme.  In  these  conferences, 
and  especially  at  Chicago,  the  educator 
class  were  out  in  full  force,  and  it  is 
well  they  should  be,  so  as  to  get  first- 
hand information  and  establish  valu- 
able contacts  which  should  be  helpful 
in  their  classes  at  the  colleges  and  uni- 
versities. This  is  but  another,  perhaps 
the  most  important  reason  why  the  em- 
ployers should  be  on  hand  and  give  the 
many  angles  on  their  side  of  every  one 
of  these  questions,  lest  th©  educators 


get  the  "labor  complex." 

It  should  be  realized  that  the  Catho- 
lic employer  does  not  take  kindly  to 
any  of  the  so-called  "Three  Pro- 
grammes," i.e.,  Leo  XIII 's  Labor  En- 
cyclical, the  Bishops'  Programme,  and 
the  Bischops'  Pastoral  Letter.  Mostly 
all  of  them  say  frankly :  "  It  is  the 
business  of  the  Church  to  save  souls 
and  not  be  like  the  Protestant  churches, 
butting  into  every  one's  business."  A 
large  employer  once  said  to  me  :  ' '  What 
did  Leo  XIII  know  about  digging  sub- 
ways with  steam  shovels  and  handling 
'Wops'  and  'Hunkeys'?"  Father 
Harrigan  of  St.  Paul  said  at  the  Chi- 
cao  Conference  that  a  large  employer, 
otherwise  well  informed,  said  to  him 
that  Leo  XIII  had  retracted  and  re- 
pudiated the  Encyclical  on  Labor  be- 
fore his  death. 

But  everybody  left  liappy,  for  the 
Committee  had  arranged  a  banquet  for 
the  close  of  the  Conference  that  left  a 
cordial  and  fraternal  feeling  in  the 
hearts  and  minds  of  all. 

The  Chicago  Conference  was  really 
the  most  delightful  and  enlightening 
affair  of  its  kind  attended  by  me  in  a 
score  of  years.  There  must  have  been 
over  three  hundred  present  with 
Father  Siedenburg  presiding  as  toast- 
master  and  introducing  such  well- 
known  authorities  in  the  economic  field 
as :  Rt.  Rev.  P.  J.  Muldoon,  of  Rock- 
ford;  Prof.  David  A.  McCabe,  of 
Princeton  LTniversity;  Mrs.  James  E. 
Mehan  of  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin ;  and 
the  Rev.  Russell  I.  AVilbur  of  St.  Louis. 

All  of  the  speakers  gave  close  at- 
tention to  the  preparation  and  presen- 
tation of  most  interesting  and  enligh- 
tening facts  and  arguments,  while 
Father  Wilbur's  scintillating  and 
mirthful  review  was  unusually  refresh- 
ing as  an  after-dinner  tonic. 

The  election  of  Mr.  Fred  P.  Kenkel 
of  St.  Louis,  who  has  been  for  many 
years  directing  the  Central  Bureau  of 
the  Central  Verein,  to  the  presidency 
was  a  wise  and  happy  selection.  While 
his  position  has  always  been  recog- 
nized as  progressive,  with  quite  a  degree 
of  sound  sympathy  for  an  improvement 
in  the  condition  of  the  working  classes, 


336 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


August  15 


still  his  views  comino-  so  often  throuo-h 
his  bulletins  impress  us  with  his  great 
carefulness  and  teach  us  that  we  must 
make  haste  slowly.  With  such  an  at- 
tractive and  intellectual  personality  at 


its  head  the  Catholic  Conference  on 
Industrial  Problems  can  reasonably 
expect  to  continue  to  increase  its  use- 
fulness in  its  chosen  field  of  education. 


The  Galileo  Case  and  Its  Lesson 

By  Benedict  Elder 


The  case  of  Galileo  is  a  time-worn, 
stock  argument uni  ad  hominem  used  to 
show  that  the  Catholic  Church  is  hos- 
tile to  science.  That  it  should  be  more 
than  once  alluded  to  in  the  recent 
discussion  over  the  Tennessee  law  re- 
specting the  teaching  of  evolution  in 
the  public  schools,  was  to  be  expected. 
Nevertheless,  the  impression  made  by 
such  allusions  is  erroneous,  and,  so  far 
as  they  are  taken  seriously,  they  are 
hurtful  to  science  no  less  than  to  re- 
ligion. It  is  always  hurtful  to  both 
science  and  religion  to  describe  them  as 
being  in  conflict,  whether  the  descrip- 
tion be  by  a  churchman  or  by  a  scien- 
tist. 

When  one  goes  thoroughly  into  the 
Galileo  case,  as  Huxley  did  ^vhen  he 
went  to  Italy  for  that  special  purpose, 
one  is  persuaded  that  those  who  hold 
up  Galileo  as  a  figure  representing  the 
martyrdom  of  science  by  the  Church, 
do  not  promote  the  interests  of  science, 
but  rather,  though  perhaps  unwittingly, 
create  disrespect  for  religion. 

Galileo  was  not  a  pioneer  in  science, 
does  not  rank  among  the  great  ex- 
ponents of  science,  and  should  not  be 
regarded  as  a  martyr  to  science.  Ger- 
bert  (Pope  Sylvester  II),  w^ho  intro- 
duced the  decimal  s^'^stem  of  mathe- 
matics and  first  suggested  the  princi- 
ples taught  by  Descartes,  preceded 
Galileo  by  five  centuries.  Albertus  Mag- 
nus (beatified  by  the  Church),  the  first 
great  exponent  of  empirical  science, 
preceded  Galileo  by  three  centuries. 
Behaim,  who  constructed  the  first  ter- 
restial  globe,  preceded  Galileo  by  more 
than  a  century.  Vesalius,  the  founder 
of  modern  anatomical  science,  preceded 
Galileo  by  fifty  years.  Cesalpinus,  the 
founder  of  the  science  of  botany,  was 


fifty  years  ])efore  Galileo.  DaVinci, 
whose  scientific  discoveries  and  ex- 
plorations are  described  by  Hallam  as 
' '  such  as  to  strike  us  with  preternatural 
awe,"  preceded  Galileo  by  two  gener- 
ations. Cardinal  Nicholas  of  Cusa,  who 
taught  that  the  earth  is  a  star  like  other 
stars,  not  the  center  of  the  universe, 
that  it  is  not  at  rest  and  has  no  fixed 
poles,  and  that  the  celestial  bodies  are 
not  strictly  spherical  and  have  eliptical 
orbits,  died  one  hundred  years  before 
Galileo  was  born.  Copernicus  (a 
canon  at  24  years  of  age),  father  of 
modern  astronomy,  ivas  dead  twenty 
years  when  Galileo  was  born. 

Galileo  did  not  discover  that  the 
earth  moves.  The  ancient  Greeks  held 
that  the  earth  moves;  Aristotle  at- 
tempted to  refute  their  idea.  Nicetas 
of  Rome,  Philolaus  of  Egypt,  Aris- 
tarchus  of  Samos,  all  held  that  the 
earth  moved.  A  passage  in  Seneca's 
"Natural  Questions"  suggests  the 
wisdom  of  inquiring  "whether  the  rest 
of  the  universe  moves  around  the  sta- 
tionary earth,  or  the  earth  moves  in 
a  stationary  universe." 

Galileo  did  not  prove  that  the  earth 
moved.  In  fact,  this  was  not  "proved" 
until  the  middle  of  the  last  century, 
when  Foucault  invented  the  gyroscope, 
by  means  of  which  he  measured  the 
motion  of  the  earth  and  for  the  first 
time  demonstrated  by  mathematical 
proof  that  the  earth  does  move.  Galileo 
tried  to  prove  it  by  the  phenomenon 
of  the  tides;  his  claim  in  this  respect 
is  now  recognized  as  a  grave  error.  He 
treated  Avith  scorn  the  suggestion  of 
Kepler  foreshadowing  NeAAi;on's  proof 
that  the  moon  causes  the  tides.  He 
maintained    that    comets   were    atmos- 


1925 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


337 


pheric  phenomena,  a  theory  demon- 
strated to  be  false  by  Tycho  Brahe. 

Since  Galileo  does  not  rank  as  the 
first  or  the  greatest  among  scientists, 
and  did  not  discover  or  prove  that  the 
earth  moves,  while  his  principal  scien- 
tific theories  are  acknowledged  to  be 
erroneous,  what  is  the  reason  for  pic- 
turing him  as  the  protagonist  of  mod- 
ern science? 

There  is  a  reason.  Galileo's  con- 
demnation is  the  most  available  case  in 
the  whole  history  of  science  to  mask 
an  attack  on  religion,  particularly  on 
the  Catholic  Church.  Do  we  ever  see 
his  name  mentioned  for  any  other  puv- 
pose?  Are  we  ever  told  that  the  Ro- 
man ecclesiastics  did  not  stand  alone 
in  condemning  him ;  that  Melanchthon 
in  his  "Principles  of  the  Science  of 
Physics"  condemned  him;  that  Des- 
cartes denied  his  theory;  that  Francis 
Bacon  derided  it  as  repugnant  to  nat- 
ural philosophy;  that  Oxford  Univer- 
sity during  the  reign  of  Elizabeth  and 
for  a  century  later  would  not  permit 
it  to  be  taught  in  her  halls;  that  the 
Council  of  Geneva  forbade  it  to  be 
taught  in  that  stronghold  of  advanced 
thought?  All  these  things  happened 
before  Galileo  was  silenced  at  Rome ; 
but  do  we  ever  hear  them  mentioned? 

If  Galileo  is  not  used  merely  as  a 
stalking  horse  for  propaganda  against 
religion,  why  do  w^e  never  read  in  con- 
nection with  his  name  the  popular  men- 
tion of  something  of  his  real  work,  his 
laws  of  falling  bodies,  his  proportional 
compasses,  his  demonstrations  in  stat- 
ics, his  principle  of  virtual  velocities, 
or  his  inventions?  It  is  in  the  field  of 
dynamical  science  that  Galileo  may  be 
justly  called  great.  He  was  a  mechani- 
cal genius,  a  master  of  scientific  experi- 
ment, but  not  a  scientist  in  the  sense 
that  Bacon  was  a  scientist,  or  La  Place, 
or  Pasteur,  or  Mendel,  or  Virchow.  He 
was  not  a  teacher  of  science. 

Right  here  is  the  point  of  difference 
between  Galileo  and  Copernicus,  or 
between  Galileo  and  Nicholas  of  Cusa. 
Nicholas  of  Cusa  taught  that  the  earth 
moves,  that  it  is  a  star  like  other  stars, 
that  it  is  not  the  center  of  the  uni- 
verse.     His    works    containing    these 


theories  were  published  in  1436.  He 
was  afterwards  made  a  Cardinal,  was 
intrusted  wdth  several  important  papal 
commissions,  and  until  his  death  in 
1464  stood  in  the  highest  favor  at 
Rome,  where  his  body  lies  buried  in  the 
church  of  St.  Peter  in  Chains. 

Copernicus  formulated  the  modern 
astronomical  theory  putting  the  sun  at 
the  center  of  our  system.  Copernicus 
was  a  Catholic  churchman.  His  great 
work,  which  completely  revolutionized 
the  science  of  astronomy,  was  published 
at  the  solicitation  of  two  distinguished 
churchmen.  Cardinal  Schonberg,  arch- 
bishop of  Capua,  and  Bishop  Giese  of 
Kulm.  It  was  dedicated  by  permission 
to  Pope  Paul  III.  Copernicus  stood  in 
such  high  favor  among  the  ecclesiastics 
that  the  bisliops  of  the  Lateran  Coun- 
cil sought  his  opinion  in  regard  to  the 
reform  of  the  calendar,  then  contem- 
plated, and  which  he  advised  them  to 
postpone  until  the  length  of  the  year 
and  the  motions  of  the  various  planets 
should  be  better  known.  His  observa- 
tions were  the  basis  used  seventy 
years  later  in  working  out  the  Gre- 
gorian Calendar,  and  the  promulgation 
of  this  calendar  by  Pope  Gregory  XIII, 
in  1582,  should  be  proof  enough  that 
the  silence  imposed  upon  Galileo  in  the 
next  century  was  not  due  to  the 
Church's  opposition  to  the  Copernican 
sj'stem. 

What  is  the  reason  that  Cusa  and 
Copernicus  stood  in  such  high  favor 
with  the  authorities  of  the  Church 
whereas  Galileo  was  silenced  by  them? 
The  reason  was  this :  Cusa  and  Co- 
pernicus did  not  teach  the  movement 
of  the  earth  as  a  fact,  but  as  a  theory. 
They  admitted  that  it  was  not  demon- 
strated. Galileo  claimed  that  it  was 
demonstrated  and  offered  the  false 
proofs  noted  above.  This  is  the  rea- 
son that  Huxley,  who  in  1885  went  to 
Italy  to  make  a  special  study  of  Gali- 
leo's case,  wrote  in  November  of  that 
year  to  Stephen  George  Mivart  that, 
after  thoroughly  examining  the  whole 
case,  he  could  not  do  otherwise  than 
' '  admit  that  the  pope  and  cardinals  had 
rather  the  best  of  it."  Galileo  was 
not  able  to  prove  what  he  taught.    He 


338 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    EEVIEW 


August  15 


was  not  able  to  convince  such  scientists 
as  Tycho  Brahe  and  Lord  Bacon  of 
the  truth  of  his  claim.  Yet  he  insisted 
upon  teaching  it  broadcast,  as  a  fact. 

The  condemnation  pronounced  on 
Galileo  by  the  Holy  Office  was  not  ir- 
revocable. They  knew  what  Cardinal 
Cusa  had  taught.  They  had  examined 
the  great  work  of  Copernicus  and  in 
several  instances  where  Copernicus 
used  language  which  assumed  his  the- 
ory to  be  proved,  ordered  him  to  make 
a  correction,  which  Copernicus  cheer- 
fully did,  as  he  had  never  intended  to 
teach  his  theory  as  a  fact. 

In  the  letter  of  Cardinal  Bellarmine, 
perhaps  the  most  scholarly  and  cer- 
tainly the  most  influential  member  of 
the  Sacred  College  at  that  time,  written 
to  Fosearini,  a  supporter  of  Galileo,  to 
tell  him  of  the  decree,  is  the  following 
passage  :  "  If  a  real  proof  be  found  that 
the  sun  is  fixed  and  does  not  revolve 
around  the  earth,  but  the  earth  around 
the  sun,  then  it  will  be  necessary  very 
carefull}^  to  proceed  to  the  explanation 
of  the  passages  of  Scripture  which  ap- 
pear to  be  contrary,  as  w'e  should 
rather  say  that  we  have  misunderstood 
these  than  pronounce  that  to  be  false 
which  is  demonstrated." 

An  analogy  drawn  from  the  current 
dispute  about  the  evolution  of  man  will 
illustrate  the  matter.  AVithin  limits 
a  Catholic  may  teach  evolution  as  a 
theory,  but  not  as  a  fact,  because  it  is 
not  proved.  A  Catholic  professor 
teaching  it  as  a  fact  might  be  silenced, 
as  was  Galileo.  The  reason  for  Galileo's 
condemnation  is  further  illustrated  by 
the  act  of  the  Board  of  Education  of 
the  State  of  California,  which  allows 
the  school  instructors  of  that  State  to 
teach  evolution  as  a  theory,  but  forbids 
tliem  to  teach  it  as  a  fact. 

The  general  public,  even  the  educated 
public,  must  accept  the  teachings  of 
science  largely  on  faith ;  that  is  to  say, 
faith  in  the  competence,  the  integrity, 
and  the  prudence  of  scientists,  who  will 
not  rashly  assert  that  to  be  a  fact 
w^hich  is  not  demonstrated.  Unless 
those  of  us  who  have  neither  the  time 
nor  the  means  for  the  special  study 
necessary  to  equip  one  in  the  field  of 


science,  can  trust  scientists  to  teach  as 
a  fact  only  what  is  fully  demonstrated, 
we  can  not  put  faith  in  them.  In 
Galileo's  case  the  Holy  Office  merely 
applied  this  rule.  They  acted  in  the 
interests  of  science.  They  accepted  the 
verdict  of  the  scientists  of  their  day, 
that  Galileo's  "proofs"  were  inade- 
quate. They  said  to  him,  you  are  not 
able  to  prove  your  theory ;  you  must 
therefore  follow  the  example  of  Cusa 
and  Copernicus  and  teach  it  as  a  hypo- 
thesis only.  And  science  has  vindicated 
their  judgment  by  rejecting  the  proofs 
which  Galileo  offered  and  producing 
real  proofs. 

Thus,  so  far  from  showing  that  re- 
ligion or  the  Church  is  hostile  to  sci- 
ence, the  Galileo  case,  by  requiring  the 
demonstration  of  our  modern  system  of 
astronomy  before  it  could  be  taught 
broadcast,  is  an  instance  of  genuine 
service  to  the  cause  of  true  science,  and 
the  emphasis  it  lays  upon  the  reasonable 
rule  that  scientists  must  have  invincible 
])roof  before  publishing  to  the  untu-. 
tored  world  that  their  findings  are  true, 
serves  to  strengthen  the  faith  of  the 
multitude  in  the  teachings  of  scientific 
men. 


A  National  Disgrace 

Senator  Shipstead,  of  Minnesota,  con- 
tributes to  No.  32  of  the  Dearhorn  In- 
dependent an  article  in  which  he  dis- 
cusses, in  the  light  of  close  study,  the 
annual  "fleecing  of  the  lambs"  in  the 
grain  and  stock  markets.  The  Echo 
comments  on  it  as  follows : 

After  the  bulk  of  wheat  leaves  the 
farm,  during  the  autumn  months  of 
each  year,  the  price  begins  to  soar, 
reaching  its  peak  somewhere  between 
the  end  of  January  and  the  flrst  of 
March.  Then  the  "wise  men"  of  high 
finance  take  their  profits,  the  market 
collapses,  the  "public"  shoulders  the 
wreck,  and  small  speculators  find  they 
have  lost  millions  of  dollars. 

This  gambling  is  by  no  means  re- 
stricted to  actual  wheat.  For  every 
l)ushel  of  actual  wheat  there  are  scores 
of  bushels  represented  by  "futures." 
Thus  on  March  13th  last,  Chicago  alone 


1925 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


339 


sold  527,000,000  bushels  of  wheat 
''futures,"  or  double  the  "world's 
visible  supply." 

The  defenders  of  this  national  gam- 
bling game  tell  the  farmer  that  he  does 
not  suffer  by  the  transaction,  as  only 
fifteen  to  twenty  per  cent,  of  the  crop 
is  in  farmers'  hands  when  the  game 
starts.  But  Senator  Shipstead  points 
out  that  the  wheat-raiser  suffers  ir- 
reparable damage  in  three  ways:  (1) 
the  up-and-doAvn  market  cuts  doAvn  the 
normal  mill  consumption  by  making  the 
milling,  baking,  and  other  cereal  in- 
dustries a  dangerous  hazard,  while  the 
artificial  "bull"  price  reduces  final 
consumption;  (2)  the  inflated  "bull" 
market  inspires  over-]5roduction  in 
every  wheat  section  of  the  globe;  (3) 
market  inflation  and  collapse  make  the 
wheat-raising  industry  a  hazardous 
gamble  in  itself.  The  main  food  of 
112,000,000  persons  becomes  a  counter 
in  a  gambling  game,  and  the  producers 
have  but  slight  chance  for  honest 
marketing. 

One  of  the  Avorst  features  of  the 
situation,  which  has  not  been  sufficient- 
ly emphasized,  is  that  the  government 
itself — whether  with  the  mistaken  no- 
tion of  helping  the  farmer,  or  for 
political  reasons  of  its  own, — too  often 
helps  to  develop  the  inflated  price  bub- 
ble which  is  the  inevitable  cause  of  the 
ultimate  collapse.  Early  last  season 
the  Department  of  Agriculture  aided 
the  "bull"  propaganda  by  estimating 
the  American  crop  as  below  normal. 
Then  it  heralded  the  rumors  that  there 
was  a  '.'  world  scarcity. ' '  In  lt)th  cases 
it  was  wrong. 

AVhat  is  even  worse  is  that  the 
Federal  Reserve  System,  which  was 
originally  designed  to  check  the  flow 
of  the  country's  bank  reserves  to  Wall 
Street  for  stock  speculation  purposes, 
loaned  the  speculators  on  the  stock  ex- 
change "call"  money  at  the  low  rate 
of  two  per  cent. — -half  that  named  by 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  on  his 
new  government  bond  issues,  and,  more- 
over, aided  speculation  by  releasing  a 
tide  of  loanable  funds,  which  financial 
editors  estimated  at  more  than  one  bil- 


lion dollars.  ' '  This  tide  of  stock  market 
loans,"  says  Mr.  Shipstead,  "at  the 
low  'call'  rate  of  two  per  cent,  to  three 
per  cent.,  was  the  yeast  of  the  'pros- 
perity' boom.  In  the  short  period  of 
ninety  days  the  level  of  leading  stocks 
was  lifted  twenty-five  points  and  added 
$6,000,000,000  to  their  'picture'  valu- 
ation. ' ' 

When  the  trutli  about  the  grain  crop 
leaked  out,  in  February,  and  especially 
when  the  hopeful  investors  surveyed 
the  industrial  situation  in  the  cold  light 
of  the  U.  S.  Steel  Corporation's  annual 
report,  issued  in  March,  there  was  a 
terrific  collapse  on  the  Stock  Exchange, 
and  the  investors  found  they  had  been 
swindled  by  the  "bull"  propaganda 
both  in  industrial  stocks  and  in  grain. 

Mr.  Shipstead  expresses  the  "hope 
tliat  the  time  may  come,  under  a  free 
and  some  time  independent  press,  when 
such  a  national  sham  as  that  we  have 
just  witnessed  in  the  Chicago  wheat  pit 
and  the  New  York  Stock  Exchange 
shall  not  prosper  under  the  govern- 
ment and  become  a  national  disgrace." 
But  it  is  already  d.  national  disgrace 
and  it  has  prospered  for  four  consecu- 
tive years.  Will  not  the  honorable  Sen- 
ator, who  has  made  a  special  study  of 
the  subject,  inform  the  public  by  what 
means  this  national  disgrace  can  be 
stopped!  Let  him  not  rely  on  a 
free  and  independent  press,  for  with 
but  few  exceptions  the  American  press 
is  no  longer  free  and  independent,  so 
far  at  least  as  "Big  Business"  is  con- 
cerned. 


REVELATION 


By  Lawrence  M.  Loerke,  OsJikosh,  Wis. 


Because  I  saw  your  face  and  eyes, 

I  thought  of  Paradise  J 
But  in  your  heart,  the  lily-field, 
God  straightway  was  revealed. 


THE  LADDER  OF  HEAVEN 


By  Bertrand  F.  Kraus,  O.S.B. 


A  ladder,  sweet  Mary,  thou  wert  from  above, 
That  brought  to  us  Jesus,  the   God   of   pure 

love. 
With  thee  as  a  ladder  we  hope  to  ascend 
To  Jesus  and  thee,  when  life  comes  to  an  end. 


340 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    EEVIEW 


August   15 


The  Oregon  School  Law  Agitation  in  a  New  Light 

By  J.  I.  DriscoII,  LL.  D.,  El  Paso,  Tex. 


The  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States,  after  due  deliberation  and 
proper  presentation,  has  ruled  adver- 
sely upon  the  Oregon  School  Law,  hold- 
ing the  same  unconstitutional  and  sub- 
versive of  the  rights  and  privileges  of 
the  citizens  of  our  country.  I  have 
read  many  criticisms;  of  the  Supreme 
(V)urt's  decision,  most,  if  nut  all,  being 
favorable.  My  attention,  however,  has 
been  attracted  to  a  statement  appear- 
ing in  the  daily  and  secular  press  of 
our  country  to  the  effect  that  the  in- 
troduction and  passage  of  the  law  were 
to  be  attributed  to  the  influence  and 
machinations  of  the  Ku  Klux  Klan. 

As  a  matter  of  fact,  the  most  power- 
ful and  best  organized  influence  spon- 
soring the  passage  of  the  Oregon  School 
Law"  has  in  no  instance  been  disclosed. 
The  Baltimore  Sun,  of  November  16th, 
1922,  under  the  caption,  "Defends  Ore- 
gon Law  Compelling  Attendance  at 
Public  Schools,"  carried  an  article  un- 
der the  signature  of  P.  S.  Malcolm,  a 
member  of  the  Thirty -third  Degree,  and 
Sovereign  Grand  Inspector  General  in 
Oregon  of  the  Scottish  Rite  Masonry, 
bearing  the  explanator^y  statement : 
"The  compulsory  public  school  law  re- 
cently passed  in  Oregon,  after  a  bittei- 
sectarian  campaign,  was  sponsored 
chiefly  by  P.  S.  Malcolm,  Inspector 
General  of  the  Scottish  Rite  Masons  of 
that  State.  The  Sun  asked  him  to  an- 
swer the  widespread  criticisms  of  that 
measure.  His  answer  follows."  The 
substance  of  his  article  is  that  the 
"measure  is  a  measure  for  the  up-buil- 
ding of  Americanism  by  uniform  in- 
struction of  children  of  grammar-school 
age  on  common  ground,  and  by  bring- 
ing them  into  contact  with  one  an- 
other, so  that  all  may  get  a  common 
viewpoint  regarding  American  history, 
language,  ideals  and  institutions.  These 
ends  can  be  attained  in  their  fullest  on- 
ly by  having  all  children  attend  the 
public  schools.  *  *  *  *  The  American 
language  is  English.  Will  anyone  at- 
tempt to  say  that  it  is  a  good  thing  for 


America  and  the  groAvth  of  a  united 
Americanism  that  teaching  be  done  in 
another  language  in  our  children's 
schools?  *  *  *  *  In  the  public  schools 
history  is  taught  to  the  glory  of  an 
all-inclusive  Americanism  and  from  the 
standpoint  of  American  patriotism. 
This  is  not  so  in  all  other  schools.  In 
some  schools  American  history  is  taught 
to  the  outstanding  glory  of  a  Church 
organization. ' ' 

Unfortunately  for  the  viewpoint  of 
Mr.  Malcolm  and  for  his  criticism  of 
pedagogy,  the  Federal  Supreme  Court 
decided  that  the  State  has  no  power  to 
prescribe  the  language  in  which  our 
children  should  be  taught.  The  public 
schools  of  my  own  city  (El  Paso,  Tex.) 
are  known  to  use  Spanish,  a  foreign 
language,  in  the  primary  grades,  in  or- 
der to  establish  a  contact  Avith  the 
young  children  of  Mexican  or  Spanish 
lineage  and,  from  a  utilitarian  stand- 
point, to  expedite  their  progress  in  an 
educational  way. 

The  Baltimore  Sun  on  the  same  date, 
November  16,  1922,  in  an  article  dated, 
"Portland,  Oregon,  November  15th," 
said:  "Although  the  Scottish  Rite  Ma- 
sons sponsored  it  [the  Oregon  School 
Bill],  the  measure  is  associated  in  the 
public  mind  chiefly  with  the  Klu  Klux 
Klan.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  in 
every  county  but  two,  in  w'hich  the 
Klan  is  organized,  the  bill  received  a 
majority.  In  nearly  all  the  other  coun- 
ties it  was  beaten."  If  further  proof 
be  needed  of  the  real  force  sponsoring 
the  Oregon  School  law,  reference  can 
be  made  to  the  leaflet  issued  by  Sam 
P.  Cochran,  Thirty-third  Degree,  So- 
vereign Grand  Inspector  General  in 
Texas,  bearing  also  the  name  of  James 
C.  Jones,  Thirtj-second  Degree,  Secre- 
tary, entitled  :  ' '  The  Solution  of  the 
Free  Public  School  Problem  in  This 
State."  This  leaflet  is  issued  by  the 
"Department  of  Education,  Ancient 
and  Accepted  Scottish  Rite  of  Free 
Masonry,  Orient  of  Texas,"  and  bears 
the  request,  "Read  this  pamphlet  care- 


1925 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


341 


fully,  then  please  pass  it  on  to  someone 
else. ' ' 

The  leaflet  says : 

' '  The  State  of  Oregon  has  recently 
adopted  an  act  providing  for 
compulsory  public  school  edu- 
cation, the  full  text  of  "which  is 
given  in  this  pamphlet. "..."  This  is 
one  of  the  greatest  steps  forward  which 
has  been  taken  by  any  of  our  States  in 
many  years,  with  respect  to  the  edu- 
cation of  the  children  of  our  country ; 
and  every  State  in  the  Union  should 
pass  measures  along  similar  lines 
[italics  ours].  The  children  of  our 
country  are  in  a  sense  the  wards  of  the 
nation,  as  the}'  are  in  due  time  to  be- 
come the  citizens  of  the  country  and  are 
to  take  charge  and  control  of  its  affairs  ; 
and,  therefore,  the  responsibility  rests 
upon  the  government  to  see  to  it  that 
they  are  instructed  in  the  fundamen- 
tal branches  of  education  and  in  the 
hasic  principles  of  religion  and  govern- 
mental freedom  along  that  broad  and 
democratic  line  which  will  insure  to 
them  the  greatest  opportunity  for  de- 
velopment into  the  true  type  of  Ameri- 
can citizen.  This  kind  of  instruction 
is  more  nearly  accomplished  through 
the  American  Free  Public  School  than 
through  any  other  medium." 

Following  the  above  reading  matter 
appears  the  question  :  ' '  Shall  AVe  Have 
Compulsory  Free  Public  School  Edu- 
cation in  Texas,  Up  to  a  Specified  Age 
or  Grade  to  Be  Determined  By  Com- 
petent Authority?" 

(To  be  concluded) 


Ten  farmers,  a  teacher  and  a  ship- 
ping clerk  found  John  Thomas  Scopes 
guilty  of  the  misdemeanor  of  teaching 
evolution,  in  the  Dayton,  Tenn.,  public 
high  school.  The  judge  fined  him  one 
hundred  dollars  for  the  offense.  But 
the  jury  had  no  choice  in  the  matter. 
The  question  was  whether  John  Thomas 
Scopes  had  taught  evolution  in  viola- 
tion of  the  law.  The  deeper  question 
is  whether  a  legislature  can  prescribe 
what  shall  be  taught  in  the  public 
schools.  That  question  is  now  before 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Tennessee. 


Notes  and  Gleanings 

In  Xo.  7  of  the,  Irish  Bosarij  Mr. 
Ross  O'Loghlin  in  an  eight-and-a-half 
page  article,  entitled  "Uncle  Sam's 
Social  Apiary,"  comments  interest- 
ingly on  Arthur  Preuss's  ''Dictionary 
of  Secret  and  Other  Societies"  (Her- 
der), which  he  regards  as  a  valuable 
contribution  to  the  social  and  cultural 
liistorv  of  America. 


Catholic  Book  Notes  (Vol.  II,  No.  3) 
does  not  agree  with  those  critics  who 
have  been  praising  Gabriel  Miro's 
"Figures  of  the  Passion  of  Our  Lord," 
translated  by  C.  J.  Hogarth.  While 
reverent  in  tone,  the  book  insensibly 
tends  to  draw  down  the  supernatural 
to  the  level  of  the  natural.  Further- 
more, "there  is  a  preciocity  which  af- 
ter a  while  becomes  wearisome.  We 
are  left  wondering  whether  the  world's 
Redemption  can  be  made  successfully 
the  plot  of  a  modern  realist  novel  .... 
The  account  of  Calvary  is  merely  hor- 
rible without  being  either  awe-inspiring 
or  dramatic.  It  is  a  relief  to  turn  to 
the  unliterary,  straight-forward  prose 
of  the  historical  gospels,  which  have 
never  yet  bepu  improved  upon." 

By  a  decree  of  June  10,  1925,  the  S. 
Congregation  of  Rites,  has  approved 
the  new  edition  of  the  Roman  Ritual. 
This  edition  has  been  diligently  re- 
vised, amended,  and  augmented,  in  con- 
formity with  the  new  Code  of  Canon 
Law,  the  rubrics  of  the  Roman  Missal, 
and  recent  decrees  of  the  Holy  See. 
The  last  edition  was  published  in  1913, 
under  Pope  Pius  X,  but  since  then 
there  have  been  many  changes  and  ad- 
ditions, so  that  the  new  edition  will  be 
very  welcome  to  all  in  charge  of  church 
ceremonies.  The  book  is  from  the  Vati- 
can Press,  and  is  excellently  produced 
in  diff'erent  sizes  and  bindings ;  special- 
ly useful  will  be  found  an  elegant 
pocket  edition. 

The  new  explanations,  published 
since  Mr.  Wm.  J.  Bryan's  death,  of 
the  real  reason  w^hy  he  resigned  from 
President  Wilson's  cabinet  in  1915,  are 
anything  but  probable.     It  is  said  that 


341 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


August  15 


the  President  recalled  and  altered  a 
despatch  of  the  Secretary  of  State  to 
the  Austrian  government,  and  that 
thereupon  Mr.  Bryan  felt  that  his  per- 
sonal dignity  did  not  permit  him  to  re- 
main in  the  cabinet.  Even  if  it  were 
true  that  Mr.  Wilson  took  liberties  with 
a  despatch  written  by  Mr.  Bryan,  the 
latter  thereby  suffered  no  grievous  or 
unprecedented  affront.  He  must  have 
remembered  the  way  President  Lincoln 
used  to  correct  and  alter  Secretary 
Seward's  notes.  The  truth  is  that  the 
President  of  the  United  States  is  en- 
titled to  act,  in  emergencies,  as  his  own 
Secretary  of  State,  and  the  responsi- 
bility for  deciding  questions  of  acute 
importance  in  the  conduct  of  foreign 
aff'airs  rests  entirely  with  him. 


A  reader  points  out  that  St.  Peter 
Canisius  (cfr.  F.  Pv.,  XXXII,  14,  p. 
298)  was  really  a  Hollander,  since  he 
w^as  born  in  Nymwegen.  But  Nym- 
wegen  is  an  ancient  German  city,  which 
belonged  to  Germany  at  the  time  the 
Saint  was  born.  Moreover,  Canisius 
is  known  as  "the  Second  Apostle  of 
Germany."  In  that  country  his  chief 
labors  lay,  and  thus  in  a  true  sense  he 
was  "theirs"  to  the  Catholics  in  and 
for  whose  land  he  worked.  While  we 
are  dwelling  upon  the  life  of  this  great 
servant  of  God,  we  may  spare  a  thought 
for  his  half-brother.  Father  Theodorich 
Canisius,  S.J.  It  is  touchingly  told  of 
Father  Theodorich  that  the  shock  of 
learning  of  Father  Peter's  demise  de- 
l^rived  him  both  of  memory  and  speech 
from  that  time — 1597 — until  his  own 
death,  seven  years  afterwards. 


Abbot  Ildefouso  Schuster,  in  the  first 
volume  of  his  work  "The  Sacramen- 
tary, "  recently  translated  into  English 
by  Arthur  Levelis-Marke  (cfr.  F.  R., 
XXXII,  13,  p.  285),  while  he  accepts, 
of  course,  the  present  ecclesiastical 
regulations  regarding  the  reservation  of 
the  Holy  Eucharist,  betrays  a  warm 
regard  for  the  older  method.  He  says : 
"There  [speaking  of  the  altar]  sus- 
pended by  precious  chains  from  the 
vaulting  of  the  tegurium  or  ciborium 
ft^liich  covered  the  altar,  hung  the  dove 


with  wings  of  gold  typifying  the  gifts 
of  the  Paraclete.  Upon  that  holy  table 
Avas  kept  the  codex  of  the  Gospels,  .  .  . 
Avhile  above  it  hovered  the  life-giving 
Spirit,  who  was  to  breathe  into  it  the 
breath  of  life.  That  volume  and  that 
Eucharistic  dove,  holding  hidden  with- 
in its  breast  the  consecrated  species, 
signified  the  whole  New  Testament." 


Further  on,  pointing  out  that  one 
altar  in  each  church  was  the  ancient 
ideal,  Abbot  Schuster  says :  ' '  The 
problem  of  side  altars  is  no  new  one. 
It  dates  back  at  least  to  the  sixth  cen- 
tury, and  has  been  solved  in  various 
ways,  the  least  happj-  of  which  was  to 
place  such  altars  flat  against  the  walls 
of  the  aisles,  like  so  many  little  funer- 
al monuments,  or  else  against  tlie  peri- 
style of  the  n.ave,  to  the  detriment  of 
liturgical  meaning  and  no  less  to  that 
of  esthetic  taste." 


A  French  priest,  the  Abbe  Henri 
Breuil,  was  one  of  two  men  to  receive 
a  gold  medal  for  outstanding  contri- 
butions to  scientific  knowledge  at  the 
annual  banquet  of  the  Washington 
National  Academy  of  Sciences  recently. 
Dr.  Breuil  was  awarded  the  Daniel 
Giraud  Elliot  medal  for  his  work,  "Les 
Combarelles  des  Eyzies, "  which  pre- 
sents the  results  of  explorations  and  re- 
search extending  over  more  than  twenty 
years  and,  according  to  scientists,  is  a 
remarkable  achievement  in  the  way  of 
revealing  hitherto  unknown  facts  about 
the  Paleolithic  engravings  of  men  and 
animals  in  the  celebrated  French  caves. 


Professor  Luchvig  von  Pastor,  the 
great  historian  of  the  Popes,  in  the 
new  edition  of  the  third  volume  of  his 
"Geschichte  der  Piipste  seit  dem  Aus- 
gang  des  Mittelalters, "  adduces  some 
new  documentary  evidence  which  was 
not  available  when  the  volume  was  pub- 
lished for  the  first  time.  The  most 
important  find,  perhaps,  and  one  which 
makes  it  entirely  unnecessary  for  the 
author  to  take  notice  of  De  Roo's  at- 
tempt to  rehabilitate  Alexander  VI,  is 
a  group  of  private  letters  of  that  Pope 
lately  discovered  in  the  Vatican  ar- 
chives.    "These  letters,"  says  a  critic 


1925 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    EEVIEW 


343 


A     MODERN     CONSOLE 


THE   UNIPHONIC   PIPE    ORGAN 

As  Designed  By  Adolph  B.  Suess  and  Built 
under  his  personal  supervision,  is  the  pipe  organ 

PAR    EXCELLENCE 

For  small  chui'ches,  chapels,  schools. 

DIRECT  ELECTRIC  ACTION 

For  Information  and  Price,  in  various  sizes,  address, 

Adolph  B.  Suess 

1314  Lynch  Ave.  East  St.  Louis,  111. 


in  the  Theologische  Revue  (Vol.  XXIV, 
No.  5,  col.  181),  "betray  such  a  profli- 
gate character  (sittenlose  Gesinnung) 
that  all  efforts  at  rehabilitating"  Alex- 
ander VI  must  now  be  regarded  as 
definitively  hopeless.  The  shadoAvs  in 
the  portrait  of  this  Pope  are  rendered 
even  darker  by  the  new  find.  Pastor's 
estimate  of  his  character,  as  a  conse- 
quence, is  even  more  unfavorable  than 
before." 


not  be  attained,  any  other  plan  which 
will  reach  the  children  who  need  re- 
ligious education  is  good.  In  many 
places  these  other  systems  are  the  only 
practicable  ones.  The  good  of  the  chil- 
dren is  the  test  for  all  of  them.  The 
greater  the  good,  the  better  the  system. 
The  success  of  any  of  them  will  depend 
upon  the  zeal  and  devotion  of  the  teach- 
ers secured  for  the  work  in  hand." 


The  so-called  Gary  Plan,  under  which 
children,  with  the  consent  of  their  par- 
ents, are  dismissed  from  the  public 
schools  for  an  hour  or  several  hours 
weekly,  to  permit;  their  receiving  re- 
ligious instruction  at  the  hands  of  pas- 
tors or  specially  appointed  teachers, 
has  now  been  tried  for  several  years 
in  various  parts  of  the  country.  Com- 
menting on  it.  Father  P.  C.  Gannon 
says  in  the  Omaha  True  Voice  (Vol. 
XXIV,  No.  31):  "Those  who  know 
[the  Gary  Plan]  through  intimate  con- 
tact with  it,  agree  that  it  is  a  success. 
The  Catholic  Instruction  League  .  .  .  has 
the  same  purpose, — to  give  religious 
education  to  children  who  would  not 
otherwise  receive  it.  The  Catholic 
school  is,  of  course,  the  ideal  for  all 
Catholic  children.    But  where  this  can- 


In  a  critical  notice  of  the  second  edi- 
tion of  Dr.  Erwin  Preuschen's  "Hand- 
worterbuch  zu  den  Schriften  des  Neuen 
Testamentes  und  der  iibrigen  urchrist- 
lichen  Literatur, "  Fr.  Urban  Holz- 
meister,  S.J.,  shows  {Zeitschrift  filr 
kath.  Theologie,  Vol.  XLIX,  No.  2,  pp. 
273  sqq.)  how  the  subjective  views  of 
a  writer,  especially  his  opinion  concern- 
ing Christ,  can  color  a  reference  work 
of  this  kind.  The  editor  of  the  new 
edition.  Dr.  W.  Bauer,  known  as  an 
infidel  through  his  Commentarj^  on. the 
Gospel  of  St.  John,  betrays  his  bias 
so  strongly  that  his  dictionary  of  New- 
Testament  Greek  can  be  used  only  with 
the  greatest  caution.  We  have  no  room 
to  go  into  details,  but  refer  the  reader 
to  Fr.  Holzmeister 's  critique,  which 
concludes  with  the  observation  that, 
despite  its  wealth  of  materials,  the  sec- 


B 

A  BOARDING  SCHOOL  EXCLUSIVELY  FOR 

O 

BOYS  OF  JUNIOR  HIGH  SCHOOL  AGE 

Y 

Conducted  by  the  Benedictine  Fathers 

7    Buildings 2  5 -acre   Campus Gymnasium Swimming   Pool,    etc. 

S 

Apply   for  catalogue   to                                 MAUR  HILL,   ATCHISON,    KANSAS 

344 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


August  15 


Olid  edition  of  Preuschen's  dictionary 
has  not  rendered  superfluous  other  ref- 
ence  works,  especially  that  by  the  Do- 
minican Father  F.  Zorell. 


Correspondence 


Catholic  Broadcasting 

To   the  Editor: 

At  a  time  when  those  who  listen  a  good  deal 
to  broadcasting  stations  are  often  complain- 
ing of  the  abuse  of  radio  by  some  churches, 
it  is  interesting  to  note  what  use  Catholics 
make  of  this  means  of  reaching  the  public. 
In  the  federal  government's  list  of  radio 
broadcasting  stations  about  sixty  are  under 
the  name  of  some  Protestant  churcli,  while 
only  three  Catholic,  churches  in  the  country 
have  radio  transmitters.  Seven  Catholic  uni- 
versities or  colleges  are  listed  as  possessing 
broadcasters.  Thus  the  Catholics  have  only 
ten  radio  broadcasting  stations  in  their  schools 
or  churches,  whereas  the  Protestants  have 
sixty  in  their  churches  alone. 

There  are  about  six  hundred  broadcasting 
stations  in  the  United  States  which  transmit 
at  least,  all  told,  five  thousand  times  a  week. 
Only  six  of  the  Catholic  stations  do  any  re- 
ligious work  via  radio,  and,  allowing  them 
each  a  half  hour  of  religious  programme  once 
a  week,  it  is  seen  that  they  transmit  less  than 
one-tenth  of  one  per  cent  of  the  programmes. 
The  average  length  of  all  programmes  would 
probably  be  in  the  neighborhood  of  twenty 
minutes.  If  this  is  the  ease,  then  Catholic 
lectures  and  other  religious  service  via  radio 
take  up  only  a  sixth  of  one  per  cent  of  the 
total  time  spent  by  American  broadcasting 
stations.  The  total  power  of  all  Catholic  sta- 
tions combined  is  slightly  over  1500  watts, 
less  than  that  employed  by  some  single  non- 
Catholic  stations. 

Of  course  an  estimate  of  the  use  made  by 
Catholics  of  the  stations  of  others,  such  as 
newspapers,  etc.,  would  be  much  more  difficult 
to  make.  M.  D.  Lyons,  S.  J. 


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education  of  boys  and  young  men 
for  the  priesthood.  Six  years'  stan- 
dard classical  course.  Location 
ideal;  healthy  and  adapted  for 
many  outdoor  sports.  Yearly 
tution  $250. 

For  Catalogue  address: 

The  Salvatorian  Fathers 

St.  Nazianz,  Wis, 


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345 


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POSITION  WANTED,  as  choir  director  and 
organist,  by  a  man  competent  in  plain  chant, 
harmony,  rubrics,  counterpoint,  etc.  Am 
willing  to  serve  wherever  a  man  is  wanted  to 
direct  the  music  according  to  the  will  of  the 
Church.  I  am  a  pupil  of  the  late  Professor 
John  Singenberger,  of  St.  Francis,  Wis.  Ad- 
dress A.  B.  C,  c/o  Fortnightly  Eeview. 


The   Catholic  Weekly  From   an  Editorial 
Standpoint 

To  the  Editor: 

In  connection  with  your  quotations  from 
Mr.  Elder's  paper,  "The  Catholic  Weekly 
from  an  Editorial  Standpoint"  (F.E.,  No. 
13,  pp.  270  sqq.),  I  would  like  to  submit  a 
few  considerations,  some  of  which  were  made 
at  the  C.  P.  A.  convention,  but  are  not  men- 
tioned in  your  report. 

"One  fault,"  said  Mr.  Elder,  "is  that  of 
considering  our  Catholic  weeklies  as  news- 
papers in  the  modern  sense  of  the  term.  *  *  * 
At  the  pace  the  world  is  going  anything  more 
than  24  hours  old  is  not  news,  but  history. " 
Several  editors  objected  to  these  state- 
ments. News,  they  pointed  out,  is  a  report  of 
a  current  event  which  has  not  been  chron- 
icled. Any  one  who  follows  closely  the  metro- 
politan press  and  leading  Catholic  weeklies 
will  find  many  reports  (some  very  important) 
of  current  Catholic  happenings  of  national 
and  international  interest,  which  are  ignored 
entirely  by  the  secular  press.  Of  the  Catho- 
lic news  in  the  daily  press,  much  is  fragmen- 
tary or  distorted.  For  instance,  when  there 
was  a  strike  at  Paris  University  some  months 
ago,  the  secular  press  overlooked  or  suppressed 
the  important  fact  (reported  by  the  N.  C. 
W.  C.  News  Service)  that  discrimination 
against  a  Catholic  professor  brought  on  the 
students'  walkout.  Again,  how  often  do  you 
not  find  that,  when  the  winner  of  a  State  or 
national  contest  is  a  Catholic  school  pupil, 
this  fact  is  suppressed?  That  has  happened 
twice  recently  within  a  few  months.  A  cer- 
tain news  agency  is  apparently  trying  to  be 
so  "non-sectarian"  that  it  omitted  not  only 
the  name  of  the  Catholic  winner's  school,  but 
also  the  fact  that  a  second  or  third  winner 
was  a  student  in  a  public  school.  That  is 
very  incomplete  news,  and  the  Catholic  jour- 
nal that  brings  out  the  fact  that  the  Louis- 
ville boy  who  won  a  national  spelling  contest 
was  a  parochial  school  pupil,  surely  is  pre- 
senting real  news.  True,  "anything  more 
than  twenty-four  hours  old  is  not  news. ' '  But 
Mr.  Elder  makesi  the  erroneous  assumption 
that  the  daily  press  reports  all  Catholic  news 
of  importance. 

The  writer  heartily  agrees  with  Mr.  Elder 
in  contending  that  we  can  not  justly  claim 
' '  all  the  courtesies  of  the  newspaper  fratern- 
ity." But  Mr.  Elder  himself  admitted  pri- 
vately that  what  he  really  meant  to  say  when 
insisting  that  Catholic  weeklies  are  not  news- 
papers in  the  modern  sense  of  the  term,  was 
that  our  journals  should  not  imitate  dailies  in 
posing  as  authorities  on  a  long  list  of  secular 
topics, — finance,  industry,  medicine,  markets, 
etc.  One  or  two  editors  of  a  weekly  cannot 
do  justice  to  all  these  subjects,  and  besides, 
if  they  try  to  do  so,  people  are  apt  to  con- 
clude that  they  are  voicing  the  authoritative 
Catholic  view  on  the  subject.  I  heartily  sub- 
scribe to  this  contention. 


346 


thp:  fortxtghtly  review 


August  15 


It  is  also  true  that  "in  an  effort  to  give 
ourselves  the  appearance  of  a  newspaper ' ' 
we  are  tempted  to  play  up  false  values  and 
over  emphasize  minor  items  by  ' '  position, 
headlines,  and  streamers. ' '  However,  we  are 
publishing  our  journals  in  modern  times,  not 
in  the  days  of  Addison  and  Franklin,  and 
we  are  living  in  America,  not  in  Europe.  The 
technique  of  journalism,  headlines,  etc.,  is  an 
indifferent  means;  and,  if  we  can  use  it  to 
get  our  papers  read  by  a  larger  circle  and  to 
get  our  message  to  a  larger  number  of  peo- 
ple, AYOuld  we  not  be  defeating  the  very  pur- 
pose of  Catholic  journalism  if  we  adhered  to 
old-fashioned  methods?  The  writer  does  not 
believe  in  the  screaming  headlines  of  the 
yellow  press;  but  he  does  believe  in  using 
modern  methods  of  make-up,  and  he  can  show 
from  practical  experience  of  many  years  that 
it  attracts  more  readers  to  even  Catholic  pa- 
pers than  does  the  system  which  offers  the 
reader  whole  pages  relieved  by  only  tiny  head- 
ings, or  none  at  all.  The  average  Catholic 
weekly  is  intended  for  a  differento  class  of 
readers  than  a  review  read  by  educated  peo- 
ple, who  need  no  printer's  artifices  to  catch 
their  interest. 

You  miglit  reply:  "What  is  the  difference 
whether  a  Catholic  weekly  is  considered  a 
newspaper  or  a  review,  if  it  but  serves  its 
purpose?"  True  enough.  But  why  stress 
the  fact  that  Catholic  weeklies  are  not  really 
newspapers?  Will  it  do  any  good?  In  my 
estimation  it  may  do  some  harm  by  strength- 
ening the  erroneous  notion  of  many  Catholics 
that  our  weekly  press  has  nothing  to  offer, 
that  it  is  "drv"  and  uninteresting.  By 
placing  a  reasonable  stress  on  news  and  by 
making  our  papers  more  attractive  through 
headings,  pictures,  etc.,  we  can  get  some  of 
the  very  Catholics  who  need  it  most  to  take 
an  interest  in  our  press  and  to  read  the 
more  instructive  and  Avorth-while  articles. 
This  is  not  mere  theory.  It  can  be  substan- 
tiated from  experience.  Anthony  J.  Beck, 
Detroit,   Mich.  Editor  Michigan  Catholic 


Excerpts    from    Letters 

I  have  always  felt  deeply  grateful  to  Father 
J.  E.  Emery,  O.M.I.,  and  consider  him  a 
benefactor  for  having  presented  me  with  my 
first  year's  subscription  to  the  F.  R.,  which 
I  value  very  highly  and  of  which  I  hope  to 
remain  a  permanent  subscriber. — Alexander 
Pope,  D.D.S.,  Chicago,  III. 

It  is  not  always  true,  as  G.  P.  S.  says  in 
the  F.  R.  for  July  15,  p.  302,  that  pupils  or 
graduates  of  Catholic  schools  cannot  find  em- 
ployment easily.  The  late  Father  Rhode,  of 
Columbus,  0.,  told  me  some  years  ago  that,  as 
soon  as  the  summer  vacation  began,  banks 
and  other  business  houses  would  apply  to  him 
for  boys  of  his  school  to  engage  them  dur- 
ing the  summer  months.  When  he  inquired 
why  they  preferred  his  boys,  Fr.  Rhode  was 
told  that  they  were  more  faithful,  honest  and 


reliable  than  those  from  the  public  schools. 
—  (Icev.)   A.  J.  Gerhard,  St.  Nasianz,  Wis. 

I  feel  ashamed  of  having  cancelled  my  sub- 
scription to  the  F.  R..  I  miss  it  very  much. 
Please  send  it  to  me  again.  Enclosed  is  the 
subscription  price  for  two  years.  The  late 
Bishop  Stang,  whose;  nephew  I  am,  always 
had  a  great  admiration  for  your  magazine. 
Per  nulies  ad  astra,  I  may  say  to  you.  The 
F.  R.  has  done  a  world  of  good  in  dispelling 
prejudice.  God  bless  you  and  your  work, 
to-day,  to-morrow,  and  always. —  (Bev.)  Jo- 
seph Stang,  Chewelah,  Wash. 

The  Catholic  press  should  make  a  strong 
protest  against  "our  crazy  postal  rates,"  so 
justly  criticized  in  No.  14  of  the  F.  R.    for 


HENRY  P.  HESS 

ARCHITECT 
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struction, by  Builders  and  Designer. 

It  will  pay   Churches    to   investi- 
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In  its  smaller  sizes  it  is  being  built  in  St. 
Louis,  under  the  personal  supervision  of 

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they  retard  the  enlightenment  of  our  country 
by  making  the  remailing  of  Catholic  papers 
and  magazines  so  expensive  that  most  of  us 
have  to  forego  this  method  of  apostolic  pro- 
paganda. Education  is  the  slogan  of  our 
country  to-day;  why  then  make  it  difficult  by 
imposing  burdens  on  the  means  of  enlighten- 
ment?—  (Rev.)  Haymond  Vernimont,  Denton, 
Texas. 

The  Eev.  Clement  J.  Jordan,  of  Washing- 
ton, D.  C,  in  a  letter  to  the  Editor,  hails 
Fr.  C.  A.  Rempe  's  communication  printed  in 
No.  13  of  the  F.  R.,  p.  281,  as  a  sign  of  bet- 
ter times,  and  hopes  others  will  take  it  to 
heart.  He  details  some  personal  experiences 
Avhich  go  to  show  that  and  why  "not  a  few 
priests  [when  away  from  home]  forego  the 
privilege  of  saying  Mass  and  stay  in  hotels 
rather  than  in   priests '  houses. ' ' 

In  a  short  time  I  have  become  a  true 
friend  and  admirer  of  the  P.  E.,  the  most 
courageous  review  in  these  U.  S.  Continue  the 
good  fight  and  show  to  all,  whether  they  like 
it  or  not,  the  road  leading  in  the  right  direc- 
tion. Your  supporters  are  grateful  to  you, 
your  adversaries  cannot  help  respecting  you. 
—  {Eev.)  J.  Michel,  O.M.I.,  Sacred  Heart 
Scholasticate,  Castroville,   Texas. 

There  died  at  Marseilles,  France,  the  other 
week.  Father  Frederick  Rouvier,  S.J.,  author 
of  ' '  The  Conquest  of  Heaven.' '  In  his 
early  days  as  a  scholastic  in  our  Society  of 
Jesus,  he  was  known  to  us  as  the  inspirer 
and  guide  of  all  the  truly  Catholic  members 


of  the  then  French  Parliament  (188U-1887), 
and  he  was  in  particular  a  very  dear  friend 
of  mine,  while  we  both  studied  theology  at 
the  English  theologate  of  St.  Beuno's,  North 
Wales. — (Eev.)  Lewis  Brummond,  S.J., 
G'uelph,   Ont.,   Canada. 


BCX)K  REVIEWS 


Boy   Guidance 

"Boy  Guidance:  A  Course  in  Catholic  Boy 
Leadership,  Outlined  and  Edited  by  Rev. 
Kilian  Hennrich,  O.  M.  Cap.,  Chief  Commis- 
sioner of  the  Catholic  Boys'  Brigade" 
(Benziger  Bros.),  is  made  up  of  various 
papers  read  during  a  course  of  training  for 
boy  leadership  held  in  the  College  of  the 
Franciscan  Brothers  at  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  The 
object  of  the  publication  is  to  arouse  interest 
in  the  extension,  development,  and,  if  pos- 
sible, in  the  nationalization  of  the  Brigade 
of  which  Pr.  Kilian  is  the  head.  The  different 
contributors  treat  the  topics  assigned  to  them 
comprehensively,  practically,  and  enthusias- 
tically, and  present  many  valuable  suges- 
tions.  In  so  far  the  book  is  worthy  of  warm 
commendation.  But,  as  the  reverend  editor  has 
himself  perceived,  and  humbly  admits  in  his 
introduction,  the  compilation  is  deficient.  It 
is  deficient  especially  in  this  that  it  suggests 
only  preventive,  but  not  curative  means  for 
fighting  the  dreadful  moral  plague  thatj  is 
upon  society.  Fr.  Kilian  is  right  in  insist- 
ing   that    something    must    be    done    for   our 


348 


THE    J^ORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


August  15 


WiDMER  Engineering  Company 


ARCHITECTS 


LACLEDE  GAS  BUILDING 


ST.  LOUIS 


MO 


boys,  that  we  need  boy  leaders,  and  that 
priests  and  lajonen  fitted  for  this  important 
work  are  hard  to  find.  But  the  contributors 
to  this  book  unfortunately  do  not  go  to  the 
root  of  the  evil,  namely,  the  home.  The  co- 
operation of  the  parents  is  absolutely  indis- 
pensable, for  as  long  as(  the  primary  and 
principal  cause  of  the  evil  is  not  removed,  Ave 
cannot  hope  to  do  away  with  its  effects.  All 
our  social  evils  can  to  a  greater  or  less  ex- 
tent be  traced  back  to  the  unsatisfactory 
condition  of  the  average  home,  and  it  is  folly 
to  expect  a  solution  of  the  ' '  boy  problem ' ' 
unless  we  manage,  somehow,  to  reach  the 
family,  which  is  the  unit  of  society.  No 
priest,  no  scout-master,  no  boy  leader  can 
take  the  place  of  the  Christian  father  and 
mother.  (Eev.)    Aug.    Bomholt 

Literary  Briefs 

— "Our  Modern  Chaos  and  the  Way  Out" 
is  the  title  of  another  of  those  timely  pop- 
ular brochures  with  which  Fr.  Ernest  B. 
Hull,  S.  J.,  has  for  years  been  enriching  our 
literature.  He  hails  thei  announced  purpose 
of  the  Holy  Father  to  call  an  ecumenical 
meeting  of  the  bishops  for  the  purpose  of 
discussing  the  ruin  with  which  the  whole 
world  is  threatened  as  a  consequence  of  the 
growth  of  infidelity  and  materialism.  The 
existing  chaos,  civic,  social,  and  moral,  he 
Bays,    is    attributable   to    the   Protestant   Re- 


formation, which  discarded  the  principle  of 
authority  in  faith  and  morals  and  set  up 
private  judgment  in  its  place.  This  was  "a 
step  out  of  the  right  line  of  reason,"  and 
the  world  has  been  steadily  swerving  from 
that  line  by  a  sort  of  hyperbolic  curve.  The 
only  remedy  is  a  return  to  the  principle  of 
authority  as  embodied  in  the  Catholic  Church. 
The  present  generation  must  hark  back  to  the 
eternal  laws  of  right,  which  are  universal  and 
admit  of  no  exception  or  exemption  in  any 
department  of  life,  whether  public  or  private. 
Incidentally  the  learned  author  throws  out 
some  valuable  hints  as  to  self-determination, 
democracy,  the  Big  Brother  policy,  and  other 
modern  shibboleths.  (Bombay:  Examiner 
Press.) 

— "St.  Bouaventure 's  Seminary  Year  Book 
for  1925"  deals  mainly  with  sociological  and 
kindred  topics,  such  as  the  social  teaching 
of  St.  Paul,  the  economic  significance  of  the 
Book  of  Isaias,  the  medieval  guilds,  the  social 
influence  of  the  Third  Order  of  St.  Francis, 
private  property,  the  ethics  of  unionism, 
strikes,  and  collective  bargaining,  etc.  The 
Avriters  of  the  respective  papers,  all  members 
of  the  Duns  Scotus  Theological  Society,  show 
that,  while  immersed  in  theological  studies, 
they  are  not  neglecting  the  social  sciences, 
which  are  so  necessary  nowadays  to  qualify 
for  the  priesthood.     The  Year  Book  contains 


1925 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


349 


The   End   of   the   World 

Is  the  end  of  the  world  near  at 
hand,  or  is  the  talk  we  hear  on  the 
subject  simply  a  w^ild  theory? — a 
theory  which  may  float  for  a  while 
on  the  surface  of  the  mind,  like  an 
iceberg  in  the  ocean,  but  in  the  end 
is  sure  to  melt  before  the  effulgent 
rays  of  reason  and  revelation? 
Read    Rev.    E.    S.    Berry's,    D.    D.,    book 

"The  Apocalypse  of  St.  John" 
$1.50  per  copy 


For  sale  at   all   Catholic  book   stores  and 
by    the    Publisher 

JOHN  W.  WINTERICH,  Cleveland"'©.' 


THE  EC: 


A  Catholic  newspaper  of  superior 
merit,  which  appeals  to  readers  outside 
of  its  own  local  environment.  It  con- 
tains a  great  deal  of  information  which 
will  not  be  found  in  any  other  paper. 

Father  F.  Eombouts,  of  New  Orleans, 
says  in  tlie  Dec.  15,  3  9:24,  issue  of  the 
Fortnightly  Beview :  ' '  First  the  F.  R., 
second  The  Echo — and  all  the  rest  is 
simply  filling. ' ' 


SEND  FOR  A  SAMPLE   COPY 


THE  ECHO 

564  Dodge  St.        Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


the  usual  chronicle,  necrology,  etc.,  and  is 
beautifully  printed  on  super-flne  paper  and 
richly  illustrated.  (Allegany,  N.  Y. :  St. 
Bouaventure  's   Seminary) . 

— -The  last  book  written  by  Joris  Karl 
Huysmans,  the  French  realistic  novelist,  who 
in  his  later  years  became  a  militant  Cath- 
olic, was  "Les  Foules  de  Lourdes. "  It  has 
just  been  translated  for  the  first  time  into 
English  by  W.  H.  Mitchell,  under  the  title, 
' '  The  Crowds  of  Lourdes. ' '  Though  the 
book  is  denunciatory  in  tone  and  brimful  of 
sulphuric  and  for  the  most  part  justified  (see 
Catholic  Book  Notes,  II,  3)  criticism  of  the 
buildmgs  of  Lourdes,  the  church  services,  the 
clergy,  the  nuns,  the  shopkeepers,  and  the 
pilgrrms,  the  reading  of  this  volume  has 
rather  confirmed  than  shaken  the  present  re- 
viewer in  the  conviction  that  miracles  do 
occur  from  time  to  time  through  the  inter- 
cession of  the  Blessed  Virgin  Mary  at 
Lourdes.  Huysmans  himself  was  convinced 
that  Lourdes  is  a  chosen  site  for  the  dispen- 
sation of  special  and  extraordinary  graces, 
and  if  this  is  true,  what  more  natural  than 
that  there  should  be  ' '  diabolism' '  there,  for 
is  not  the  Devil  "the  ape  of  God"?  (Benziger 
Bros.) 

— Volume  IX  of  the  ' '  Philosophische  Hand- 
l)ibliothek, ' '  entitled  ' '  Eeligionsphilosophie, ' ' 
is  by  the  Rev.  J.  P.  Steffes  and  presents  a 
novel  attempt, — the  first  by  a  Catholic  author, 
— to  treat  of  religion  in  a  purely  philosophic 
way,  with  a  minimum  of  postulates  and  with- 
out an  apologetic  purpose.  After  stating 
''the  religious  c^uestion"  in  the  light  of 
modern  thought,  Dr.  Steffes  surveys  the  ex- 
ternal and  internal  phenomena  of  religion 
together  with  the  factors  that  promote  and 
those  that  hinder  or  destroy  its  growth.  There 
follows  a  critical  investigation  of  the  truth 
of  religion  from  the  coign  of  vantage  of  psy- 
chology, epistemology,  and  metaphysics,  and  a 
study  of  religion  in  its  bearings  on  the  dif- 
ferent spheres  of  civilization,  its  relation  to 
the  intellectual  movements  of  the  time,  and 
the  forms  which  it  assumes  in  profane  culture. 
A  chapter  on  religious  sociology  shows  religion 
in  its  community-forming  function  and  all  the 
various  forms  which  it  has  created.  The 
style  is  rather  heavy  and,  in  spots,  almost  un- 
intelligible. Nevertheless,  this  learned  work 
will  repav  serious  studv.  (Jos.  Kiisel  &  Fr. 
Pustet).  ' 

— ' '  The  Forgotten  Paraclete  ' '  is  a  trans- 
lation of  Bishop  Landrieux's  book,  "Le  Di- 
vin  Inconnu, "  by  E.  Leahy,  edited  by  the 
Rev.  W.  Henry,  S.  J.  It  is  designed  to  fur- 
nish matter  for  meditation  on  the  Holy  Ghost 
and  to  urge  Catholics  to  study  more  thorough- 
ly those  special  sources  of  supernatural  life 
that  are  placed  at  our  disposal  by  the  Sacra- 
ment of  Confirmation.  The  treatment  of  the 
gifts  of  the  Holy  Ghost  is  particularly  ample 
and  appealing.     (Benziger  Bros.) 


350 


THE    FOETNTGHTLY    REVIEW 


August  15 


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THE    FORTNIGHTLY    EEVIEW 


351 


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352 


THE     FORTNIGHTLY    EEVIEW 


August  15 


A  SPRINKLE  OF  SPICE 


Mr.  George  Manington  in  his  book  on  ' '  The 
West  Indies"  (London:  Leonard  Parsons) 
has  some  amusing  notes  on  the  humors  of 
Negro  life.  For  example,  negro  children  re- 
ceive very  curious  names — ' '  Jetorah  Alvira 
Industry, "  "  Almaken  Leminia  Delight, ' ' 
* '  Vaseline, ' '  and  ' '  Pinpoushe  ' '  are  mirth-pro- 
voking specimens.  "Pinponshe"  was  really 
the  clergyman 's  mistake,  for  when  he  asked 
for  the  name  the  mother  replied,  "pin  'pon 
she, ' '  meaning  that  the  chosen  name  was  on 
a  slip  of  paper  pinned  to  the  child's  frock. 
In  another  comical  case  the  names  chosen  for 
twins  were  "Wray"  and  "Nephew" — a  trib- 
ute to  Wray  and  Nephew,  a  prominent  firm 
of  rum  distillers. 


"St.  Thomas  Aquinas  to  give  Ball,"  is  the 
startling  news  line  in  a  contemporary.  It 
refers,  however,  not  to  the  Angelic  Doctor,  but 
to  a  young  men  's  society,  of  which  he  is  the 
patron  saint. 


"Tlio  population  of  tlie  earth  is  1,700 
millions.  Want  of  priests  and  funds  are 
the  cause  of  this."  So  stated  Father  Blo- 
wick,  head  of  the  Irish  College  for  Missions 
to  the  Heathens,  which  has  its  liovitiate  at 
Galway. — Josephinum  WeeMy,  Vol.  XI,  No. 
34.       ' 


I  am  a  ten-cent  dime.  I  am  not  on  speak- 
in  terms  with  the  butcher.  I  am  too  small 
to  buy  a  pint  of  ice  cream.  I  am  not  large 
enough  to  purchase  a  box  of  candy.  I  am 
too  small  to  buy  a  ticket  to  a  movie.  I  am 
hardly  fit  for  a  tip;  but, — believe  me,- — 
when  T  go  to  church  on  Sunday,  I  am  con- 
sidered  some   mnripji ! 


A   i^essimist   is    a    chaji    wlio    is    seasick    on 
the  voyage   of    life. 


The  bishop  was  waiting  for  his  train  in 
an  out-of-tlie-way  village.  He  saw  a  stranger 
eyeing  him  askance.  Fearing  he  might  be 
cutting  a  slight  acquaintance,  the  bishop  nod- 
ded to  the  man. 

"Excuse  me,  mister,''  said  the  man,  "but 
I  think  I've  seen  your  ^^icture  in  the  paper. ' ' 

"Very    probably,"    answered    the    bishop. 

' '  Can  I  ask, ' '  the  stranger  inquired,  re- 
spectfully, "what  disease  you  was  cured  of?'' 


Jimmie  carried  the  following  excuse  to 
the  teacher  the  next  morning :  ' '  Please  ex- 
cuse Jimmie  from  being  absent.  He  got  a 
new    babv    brother,      it    was    not    his    fault." 


Bobbie  has  but  recently  been  promoted  to 
the  senior  school.  He  was  just  about  to 
leave  home  for  the  afternoon  class.  "But," 
his  mother  objected,  "you  have  not  washed 
your  hands,  Bobbie.'' — "Oh,  it  is  not  worth 
while,"  came  the  proud  reply;  "we  are 
writing  with  ink  this  afternoon. ' ' 


JUST  PUBLISHED 

THE  GREATEST  MAN 
ON  EARTH 

By 
Thomas  D.  Mack 

Cloth,  8vo.,  —  261   pages, 
Net  $1 .  75 

A  group  of  six  stories,  varied  in 
theme  and  treatment,  in  which  many 
notes  of  life  are  sounded,  from  tragedy 
to  light  humorous  fancy,  sjaread  upon  a 
l)road  canvas  which  reflects  the  sophis- 
tication of  the  cultured  in  cities  and 
the  simplicity  of  tlie  unlearned  in  re- 
mote places. 

A  visionary  Irish  scliolar.  taking  a  leaf 
from  tlie  history  of  tlie  famous  Casper 
Ha  user,  by  developing-  the  senses  of  an 
i)nly  .son  to  an  extraordinary  degree  of 
astuteness,  would  make  him  The  Great- 
est Man  on  Earth.  The  action  of  this 
astonishing  experiment  takes  place  in 
Ireland  and  America,  and  the  denoue- 
ment   is    dramatic    and    unexpected. 

His  long  and  useful  life  had  known  no 
taint  of  dishonor.  The  true  and  loving 
wife  who  had  been  ever  his  helpmate 
goes  before  him,  he  loses  his  grip  and 
things  slip,  misfortune  engulfs  him.  but 
when  dishonesty  would  lay  hands  upon 
him,    The    Watch    Invisible   intervenes. 

A  marshy  bog  that  seems  to  have  no 
bounds  I  the  pitch  blackness  of  storm- 
ridden  hours!  pale  faces  and  gleaming 
■>yes  revealed  in  the  stacf"ato  flare  of  lurid 
lightning!  The  weird  mystery  of  an 
uneartlied  history!  The  startling  story 
of  a  brilliant  life  plunged  into  The  Dark 
Morass    in   one   mad   moment   of  jealousy. 

In  The  Final  Adjustment  we  find  that 
things  are  not  always  as  they  seem,  and 
in  this  whimsical  tale  of  Ainerican  life 
in  a  small  city  a  cast  of  typical  Ameri- 
can characters  with  typical  American 
problems  nudge  one  another  in  and  out 
of  a  maze  of  situations  which  result  in 
a  final  and  equitable  adjustment. 

In  Sentimentalists  we  learn  of  the  sacri- 
fices of  an  old-fashioned  mother,  an  un- 
recognized autlior  whose  story  of  her  big 
heart  a  smart  editor  declared  did  not 
liortray  life,  and  of  the  unexpected  in- 
fluence this  same  manuscript  had  upon 
two  denizens  of  the  underworld  engaged 
in  a  serious  crime. 

The  labyrinth  of  difficulties  Mr.  Blowell. 
The  Cheerless  Giver,  finds  himself  in 
througli  a  moment  of  indecision,  are 
amusing — but  not  to  Mr.  Blowell!  This 
is  pure  humor,  with  a  thread  of  sympa- 
thetic romance  interwoven,  and  at  the 
same  time  a  pretty  accurate  depiction  of 
the  charity  that  motivates  the  giving  of 
many  a  big  business  inan. 

B.  Herder  Book  Co. 

17    South   Broadway,         St.   Louis,   Mo. 


1925 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY   REVIEW 


35a 


WHAT  FIVE   HUNDRED   DOLLARS   WILL   DO 

SIX  PER  CKNT  AN1>  ABSOLTTE    SECURITY 
ON     FIRST     MORTGAGE     Nt)TES     FROM     SoOO     UP 

Every  Investor  has  always  received  every  dollar  of  Principal  and  Interest  on  loans  bought  througli  our 
company.  All  loans  secured  by  well-located  improved  income-property.  Monthly  Sinking  Fund  provides  for 
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CHOUTEAU    TRUST    COMPANY 

CHOUTEA.U,  HEMP  AND  VANDEVENTER  A. VENUES 

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GRAYMOOR'S  NOVENA  TO  ST.  ANTHONY  OF  PADUA 

The  best  and  widest  known  Shrine  of  St.  Anthony,  the  Wonder- 
Woikei)  of  Padua,  in  all  Amei-ica  is  a  simple  statue  of  the  Saint 
\\-hich  stands  on  the  Gospel  side  of  the  High  Altar  in  St.  Francis' 
Monastery  Church  on  the  Mount  of  the  Atonement,  Graymoor,  New 
Yo''k.  Here  a  new  Novena  is  begun  by  the  Graymoor  Fathers  every 
Tuesday,  and  thousands  of  Petitions  are  constantly  presented  by 
them  to  tlip  intercession  of  tlie  I^nivprsal  Friend  of  all  who  invoke 
his   aid. 

.    Here   are   a    few   of    tlie    latest    testimonials    received   at    Graymoor 
from   St.   Anthony's   grateful   clients: 


C.  E.  W.,  New  York;  "I  am  enclosing  a 
check  for  St.  Anthony's  Bread,  which  I 
promised  some  three  months  ago  if  my 
petition  was  granted.  I  have  secured  an 
excellent  position  nearer  home,  and  with 
a  much  larger  salary  than  I  had  been 
drawing.  I  am  very  grateful  to  St. 
Anthony  and  to  the  people  of  Graymoor 
whose  prayers  aided  me." 
M.  S.,  Minneapo'is  Minn.:  "A  few  weeks 
ago  I  sent  a  petition  to  be  included  in 
your  Novena  to  St.  Anthony.  I  asked 
for  prayers  for  the  success  of  my  father's 
business,  which  he  had  just  started.  One 
of  the  very  next  days  he  received  several 
thousand  dollars  worth  of  work,  so  the 
prospects  of  success  are  very  good.  En- 
closed   And    a    thank    offering." 


F.  McC.  Providence.  K.  I.:  "A  short 
time  ago  I  sent  a  petition  to  be  prayed 
for  in  your  Perpetual  Novena  to  St. 
Anthony,  and  promised  a  donation  if  it 
was  granted  very  soon  after.  My  friend 
who  was  in  trouble  got  out  of  it,  I  might 
say  as  through  a  miracle." 
M.  D.  S.,  Los  Angeles:  "I  lost  a  beauti- 
ful cameo  jiin  on  an  auto  trip,  and  I 
prayed  to  St.  Anthony  to  find  it  for  me, 
as  it  was  imnossible  to  know  where  it 
might  have  been  lost.  Somehow  he  re- 
minded me  that  something  had  dropped 
as  I  got  out  at  a  point  fifteen  miles  away. 
I  went  back  two  weeks  later  and  made 
inquiries  and  was  informed  that  a  man 
who  ran  a  refreshment  place  had  found 
such  a  pin.  It  was  mine.  Many  thanks 
to   St.   Anthony. 


A  friend  of  St.  Anthony,  Anaconda,  Mont.:  "Enclosed  find  donation  for  St.  Anthony. 
My  sister  was  seriously  ill,  in  fact  she  was  not  expected  to  live.  I  promised  thi.s  thank 
offering  to  St.  Anthony  if  she  would  recover,  and  she  is  now  home,  and  well  on  the  wav 
to  complete  recovery." 

Those  wishing  to  enter  petitions  in  the  Perpetual  Novena  to  St  Anthony  at  Gray- 
moor please  send  them  to 

ST.   ANTHONY'S  SHRINE,  The   Friars  of  the   Atonement,        Box  316,    Peekskill,   N.   Y. 


Church   Bazaars,   Festivals,    etc. 

Church  Institutions  have  been  buying  our 
goods  with  perfect  satisfaction  for  over 
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Our  Catalog — 
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Wholesale  Merchandise 


LOUIS  PREUSS,  ASSOCIATED  WITH 
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Victor  J.  Klutho 

Architect  and 
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Churches,  Schools,  and  Institutions 

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Saint    Louis,  Missouri 

Illinois  Licensed  Engineer 


MISSIONARY    SISTERS 

Numerous  Sisters  are  needed  in  our 
foreign  fields.  For  details  in  regard  to 
admission  into  the  Community  of  the  Mis- 
sionary Sisters,  Servants  of  the  Holy 
Ghost,  write  to  Sister  Provincial,  Holy 
Ghost  Convent.   Techny,  111. 


NOTICE  OF  REMOVAL 

After  September  1st,    1925, 

The  "CAECILIA" 

a  monthly  devoted  to  CATH- 
OLIC CHURCH  and  SCHOOL 
MUSIC,  will  be  edited  and  pub- 
lished in  Mundelein,   111. 

Annual  subscription  price  $2.00. 

Address: 

Otto  A.  Singenberger 

St.   Mary   of  the   Lake  Seminary 
MUNDELEIN,  ILL. 


The  Fortnightly  Review 


VOL.   XXXII,  XO.   11 


ST.  LOriS,   MISSOURI 


Sept.    1st,    1925 


CHRONICLE  AND  COMMENT 


A  Medical  Apostolate  for  the  Foreign 
Missions 

Amongst  the  thousand  millions  of 
pagans  in  China,  India,  and  Africa 
and  the  numerous  islands,  disease  stalks 
almost  unchecked,  reaping  a  ghastly 
annual  toll  of  largely  preventable 
deaths.  In  addition  to  diseases  found 
in  America  and  Europe,  many  epidemic 
and  endemic  diseases  peculiar  to  the 
Orient  prevail,  such  as  cholera,  plague, 
smallpox,  kalaazar,  beri-beri,  sleeping 
sickness,  oriental  sores,  eye  diseases  and 
fevers.  Lack  of  cleanliness  and  sani- 
tation, superstition,  fatalism,  ignorance 
and  helplessness  all  contribute  to  the 
reign  of  the  monster  disease.  To  re- 
lieve this  crying  distress  is  simply 
Christian  charity,  and,  since  it  is  the 
genius  of  true  Christianity  to  be  recog- 
nized by  charit,y,  medical  relief  is  the 
most  practical  and  the  most  gracious 
form  through  which  the  missionary  can 
introduce  his  message  to  the  pagan. 

Over  a  thousand  Protestant  mission- 
ary doctors,  men  and  women,  and  many 
more  nurses  are  laboring  in  the  various 
foreign  mission  fields.  There  are  only 
a  few  Catholic  mission  doctors,  not 
two  dozen  in  all,  isolated  professional- 
ly, socially,  and  spiritually.  To  achieve 
permanence,  stability  and  continuity  of 
the  work,  trained  and  organized  work- 
ers must  be  guaranteed.  A  society 
alone  can  accomplish  this.  The  mem- 
bers of  the  newly  established  lay  So- 
ciety for  Catholic  Medical  Missions 
propose  to  live  in  community  and  in 
the  spirit  of  the  evangelical  counsels. 
After  a  year  of  special  missionary  and 
spiritual  training  they  will  pledge 
themselves  for  a  term  of  service  of 
three  years,  after  which  time  they  will 
be  free  to  leave  or  to  renew  their  prom- 
ise.    Only  fully  qualified  and  trained 


members  of  the  medical  profession,  wo- 
men doctors,  dentists,  nurses,  pharma- 
cists, technicians,  etc.,  are  eligible. 
Their  sole  aim  must  be  to  give  their 
professional  service  to  God,  for  His 
greater  glory,  for  their  own  santifica- 
tion,  for  the  conversion  of  pagans,  and 
for  the  relief  of  bodily  suffering  of 
Christians  and  non-Christians  in  the 
officially  recognized  foreign  mission 
countries  of  the  Avorld. 

For  further  information  apply  to 
Dr.  Anna  Dengel,  care  of  Rev.  Michael 
Mathis,  C.  S.  C.  Brookland  Station, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Tlie  Secret  of  Freemasonry 

The  Builder,  one  of  the  leading  Ma- 
sonic magazines  of  this  country,  pub- 
lished by  the  National  Masonic  Re- 
search Society  here  in  St.  Louis,  in  its 
August  number  (Vol.  XI,  No.  8)  re- 
prints "Joseph  Robbins'  Famous  Ma- 
sonic Oration."  Joseph  Robbins  (1834- 
1909),  of  Quincy,  111.,  was  a  noted 
American  Mason,  whose  memory  has 
been  preserved  by  the  Grand  Lodge  of 
Illinois  in  a  memorial  volume,  from 
which  the  oration  in  question  has  been 
reprinted.  In  the  course  of  this  ora- 
tion Mr.  Robbins  says  : 

"Whoever  turns  to  its  [Freemason- 
ry's]  law  and  its  literature,  may  gain 
a  correct  and  very  full  knowledge  of 
its  nature  and  design.  Its  principles 
are  as  plain  as  the  noonday  sun," 

They  are  very  plain  indeed,  and  we 
have  shown  what  thej'  are  in  our 
"Study  in  American  Freemasonry," 
published  by  the  B.  Herder  Book  Co. 
The  correctness  of  our  position,  based 
entirely  on  Masonic  sources,  has  been 
confirmed  by  several  former  Masons, 
whose  names,  of  course,  may  not  be 
published.  The  only  objection  that  has 
been  raised  against  our  interpretation 


35(i 


F()lrr^■|(^H'|■|.^     i;i-;\'ik\v 


Septemlipr   1 


has  been  <>n  the  score  tlinl  im  r)))e  can 
possibly  understand  Freeniasoniy  fully 
unless  lie  possesses  the  key  furnished 
bj^  the  oral  tradition  of  the  craft.  It  is 
there  the  real  and  only  secret  of  Mason- 
ry ("the  true  apporeta")  lies,  accord- 
ing to  Brother  Robbins;  but  he  admits 
this  secret  has  to  do  only  with  "ritual 
and  ceremonial,"  and  not  with  the 
principles  of  the  craft,  which  are  in- 
deed as  "}daii)  as  the  iKioiiday  sun.'" 

Training  a  Cofored  Priesthood 

Father  Matthew  Christnian,  S.  V. 
D.,  rector  of  St.  Augustine's  Mission 
House,  Bay  St.  Louis,  Miss.,  contrib- 
utes to  Nos.  7  and  8  of  Our  Missions 
a  most  interesting  article  on  ' '  Training 
a  Colored  Priesthood," — the  w^ork  for 
which  St.  Augnstine's  Mission  House 
was  founded  and  upon  which  five  Fa- 
thers of  the  Society  of  the  Divine  AVord 
are  noAv  actively  engaged.  One  can  see 
from  Fr.  Christman's  brief  account  of 
the  movement  how  difficult  it  was  to 
obtain  episcopal  consent  for  the  in- 
auguration of  this  work,  and  one  can 
also  catch  a  glimpse  of  the  difficulties 
under  which  the  work  was  started. 

In  1919  the  late  Bishop  Gunn  grant- 
ed permission  for  the  opening  of  a 
seminary  for  colored  aspirants  to  the 
priesthood.  The  project  was  approv- 
ed by  the  General  Council  of  the  So- 
ciety of  the  Divine  Word,  who  gave 
permission  to  form  the  new  religious 
community  of  colored  priests  into  a 
province  of  the  S.  V.  D.  Later  per- 
manent quarters  were  obtained  at  Bay 
St.  Louis,  and  with  the  help  of  the 
Board  for  Mission  AVork  among  the 
Colored  and  several  individual  patrans, 
the  work  was  l^egun. 

Father  F.  J.  Haas,  S.  V.  D.,  one  of 
the  faculty',  has  given  an  idea  of  the 
training  of  the  students  and  how  they 
respond  to  it  in  Vol.  XXXII,  No.  2  of 
tlie  F.  R.  Fatlier  Cliristman  briefly  re- 
futes some  of  the  objections  raised 
against  the  undertaking.  He  says, 
inter  alia,  that  the  Fathers  of  the  S. 
V.  D.  did  not  open  this  mission  house 
in  the  belief  that  there  is  a  great  num- 
ber of  vocations  to  the  priesthood 
among  the  colored  people,  but  because 


they  fell  that  those  (few  or  many] 
ivho  show  signs  of  a  vocation  should  be 
given  a  chance  to  pursue  the  course  of 
studies  prescribed  for  the  priesthood. 
In  his  opinion,  which  is  shared  by 
many  other  close  observers,  it  is  vain 
to  hope  for  the  conversion  of  any  large 
proportion  of  the  Negro  population  of 
this  country  except  through  the  instru- 
mentality of  a  native  clergy.  That  the 
colored  people  "do  not  want  priests  of 
their  own  race"  is  an  assertion  that 
can  not  be  proved  and  probably  has 
no  basis  in  fact. 

The  Church  and  Social  Problems 

The  Catholic  Church  is  interested 
first  and  foremost  in  the  spiritual  wel- 
fare and  the  moral  perfection  of  man- 
kind. She  wants  to  make  saints — not 
captains  of  industry.  She  knows 
perfectly  well — lier  Divine  Founder 
taught  her — that  moral  improvement  is 
infinitel}'  more  important  both  for  in- 
dividuals and  for  nations  than  ever- 
increasing  wealth.  Some  social  re- 
formei-s  outside  the  Church  are  per- 
haps inclined  to  forget  this  and  to  mis- 
take the  means  for  the  end.  But  the 
Church  never  forgets  that  man's  hap- 
piness lies  in  doing  the  will  of  God,  and 
it  is  not  poverty  that  makes  unhappi- 
ness,  it  is  vice  and  sin.  She  desires 
conseciuently,  although  she  some- 
times demands  the  same  measure  of  re- 
form as  non-religious  bodies  of  reform- 
ers, nevertheless  her  fundamental  atti- 
tude to  social  reform  is  radically  dif- 
ferent from  theirs.  They  desire  a  better 
distribution  of  wealth  because  they  do 
not  believe  that  happiness  can  be  found 
in  poverty.  But  the  Church  advocates 
social  reform  in  order  that  it  may  be 
easier  for  men  to  live  the  sort  of  life 
that  God  wants  them  to  live.  No  doubt 
if  men  were  pure  spirits  without 
mouths  to  be  fed  or  bodies  to  be  cloth- 
ed or  evil  passions  to  be  aroused,  it 
would  not  matter  to  them  whether  they 
had  or  had  not  money  enough  to  buy 
food  and  clothes,  whether  they  lived  in 
decent  houses  or  not.  But  men  are  not 
pure  spirits,  and  since  God  lays  upon 
them  the  duty  of  preserving  their  lives 
and  the  lives  of  their  families  and  of 


1925 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY   REVIEW 


357 


developing  their  powers  of  mind  and 
heart  and  will,  they  have  the  right 
not  to  be  hindered  by  social  organisa- 
tion or  otherwise  from  obtaining  what 
is  necessary  for  these  purposes  by  all 
lawful  and  moral  means. 

How  the  Catholic  Faith  Was 
Suppressed  in  England 

"The  Reformation  in  Northern 
England"  (Allen  and  Unwin)  by  J.  S. 
Fletcher,  who  is  not  only  a  well-known 
novelist,  but  also  a  learned  historian 
and  antiquary,  will  surely  surprise 
such  readers  as  still  accept  Fronde's 
characters  of  Henry  VIII  and  Crom- 
well and  the  "Great  Pillage,"  to  use 
the  late  Dr.  Jessopp's  phrase.  The  Re- 
formation in  England  was  a  squalid 
and  heartless  affair — a  "political  job," 
according  to  that  staunch  Protestant, 
Lord  Macanlay,  and  the  Avork  of  as 
ruthless  a  ring  of  robbers  as  ever  made 
zeal  the  tool  of  worldliness.  The  Nor- 
thern Counties,  in  Avhich  the  acts  of 
spoliation  assumed  their  most  odious 
aspect,  had  no  share  in  WyclitBsm,  Lol- 
lardj'',  or  any  like  movements.  Northern 
England  at  the  beginning  of  the  Six- 
teenth Century  troubles  was  wholly 
Catholic,  unlike  the  South  which  was 
iiearer  the  Continent  and  subject  to  its 
Lutheran  and  Calvinist  influences.  Sir 
Ralph  Sadler  in  his  famous  letter  of 
December,  1569,  said:  "There  be  not 
in  all  this  (North)  country  ten  gentle- 
men that  do  favour  and  allow  of  Her 
Majesty's  proceedings  in  religion." 
Mr.  Fletcher  spares  us  none  of  the  ter- 
rible details  of  the  suppression  of  the 
old  faith  among  the  simple,  sturdy  folk, 
wlio  twice  fought  for  it,  and  many  of 
whom  died  for  it. 

The  Catholic  Church   and   Evolaiion 

Much  has  been  written  on  this  sub- 
ject in  connection  with  the  Scopes 
trial,  but  nothing  more  to  the  point 
than  the  follo^A^ng  from  the  pen  of 
Dr.  Bertrand  C.  A.  Windle,  the  fa- 
mous English  convert,  who  is  now 
teaching  in  Canada. 

"If  and  when  the  state  of  science 
is  in  such  a  position  as  to  establish  the 
fact  of  evolution  either  on  limited  or 


unlimited  lines,"  he  says,  "there  most 
surely  will  be  nothing  in  any  attitude 
so  far  taken  up  by  the  Church  to  ren- 
der acceptance  of  the  view  impossible 
or  even  difficult.  Nay,  more ;  it  will 
be  found  that  it  has  been  accepted  in 
advance  as  a  perfectly  possible — many 
would  say  highly  probable— method  of 
creation.  Is  the  establishment  of  the 
theory  near  at  hand?  It  must  be  con- 
fessed that  no  certain  answer  can  be 
given  to  this  question.  A  quarter  of 
a  century  ago,  before  the  Mendelian 
pebble  had  been  thrown  into  the  bio- 
logical pool  and  caused  so  much  dis- 
turbance of  the  waters,  a  much  more 
confident  reply  might  have  been  given. 
As  it  is,  it  seems  to  me  that  if  the 
theories  put  forward  by  Batesou  and 
other  prophets  of  Mendelism  are  true, 
most  of  the  Darwinian  doctrine,  in- 
eluding  natural  selection,  the  inherit- 
ance of  acquired  conditions  (without 
which  there  can  be  no  evolution,  so 
Herbert  Spencer  urg^ed)  and  a  number 
of  other  things,  go  by  the  board. 
Which  tends  to  prove  that  perhaps  it 
is  wiser  than  at  first  might  have  been 
thought  for  the  Catholic  Church  to 
have  taken  up  no  corporate  or  official 
attitude  as  to  the  question  of  evolution 
so  far." 

Birth  Control,   a  National  Menace 

The  federal  law  explicitly  forbids  the 
carrying  by  the  U.  S.  mails  of  contra- 
ceptive information  or  matter  and  its 
importation  into  the  country.  It  terms 
such  things  "obscene."  In  recent 
years,  the  champions  of  birth  control 
have  sought  to  have  Congress  enact  an 
amendment  to  the  Federal  Penal  Code 
and  the  Tariff  Act,  which  would  per- 
mit the  U.  S.  mails  to  carry  such  mat- 
ter, and  also  permit  such  matter  to  be 
admitted  into  the  country.  Such  a 
change  would  mean  the  worst  kind  of 
"immoral  revolution" — the  indiscrim- 
inate advertising  and  dissemination  of 
obscene  information  and  of  obscene 
matter.  The  defenders  of  birth  con- 
trol are  endeavoring  to  make  it  appear 
that  there  is  a  widespread  public  de- 
mand for  this  change  in  the  Federal 
Penal    Code.      At   the   last   session    of 


35s 


THK     FORTXIOHTLV     KKVIEW 


Septnubrr   ] 


Congress,  a  bill  Mas  introduced  author- 
izing such  changes.  The  bill  was  not 
reported  out  of  committee.  A  similar 
l)ill  will  doubtless  be  introduced  in  the 
next  Congress,  and  its  defenders  will 
use  every  endeavor  to  have  it  enacted 
into  law.  It  is  necessary,  therefore,  to 
bring  public  opinion  to  bear  upon  the 
members  of  the  Congress  which  will 
meet  next  December ;  and  it  is  advis- 
able to  be  prepared,  so  that  ijitelligent 


letters  of  protest  may  be  written  by 
Catholic  men  and  women  and  by  non- 
Catholics.  It  is  especially  valuable  to 
have  the  protest  of  physicians.  Leaf- 
lets stating  the  arguments  against  birth 
control,  from  Catholic  and  non-Catho- 
lic sources,  may  be  obtained  by  writing 
to  the  National  Catholic  Welfare  Con- 
ference, 1312  Massachusetts  Avenue, 
AYashington.  D.  C. 


The  Tennessee   School   Regulation 

By    Benedict    Elder 


Catholic  editoi'ial  ui)inion  has  l)ee]i 
all  but  unanimous  in  its  opposition  to 
the  so-called  Tennessee  Law;  and  this 
attitude,  it  appears,  is  one  with  that  of 
the  secular  press  of  our  large  metropol- 
itan centers,  particularly  in  the  East. 

Such  unanimity  of  opinion  is  not 
necessarily  an  earmark  of  truth.  The 
ancient  Jews  had  a  rule,  that  in  capital 
cases,  which  were  tried  before  the  full 
Sanhedrin  of  seventy  members,  a  unan- 
imous verdict  of  condemnation  was 
equivalent  to  a  judgment  of  acquittal, 
as  it  indicated  prejudice  or  passion  if 
no  on(^  ai)peared  willing  to  speak  in 
favor  (jf  the  accused.  It  was  not  to  the 
honor  of  Israel  to  judge  a  man  in  such 
temper.  In  a  more  general  way  the 
Latin  proverb,  "So  many  men,  so  many 
minds, " "  expresses  the  same  truth  of 
human  nature  where  opinion  is  unbi- 
ased and  free. 

There  was,  of  course,  a  variety  of 
arguments  advanced  by  tlie  Catholic 
])apers  against  the  Tennessee  act,  as 
there  was  also  In'  the  secular  press,  but 
only  one  conclusion  expressed.  This 
eould  be  expected  were  the  subject  of 
discussion  was  one  of  Catholic  doctrine, 
thougl)  in  that  case  the  secular  press 
would  likely  present  divergent  views ; 
l>ut  in  the  discussion  of  a  legislative  en- 
actment of  one  of  forty-eight  States  of 
the  Union,  such  oneness  of  viewpoint 
among  Catholic  editors,  and  between 
them  and  the  secular  press,  is  not  easily 
explained. 


The  explanation  becomes  the  more 
difticult  when  one  considers  that  in  pro- 
hibiting the  teaching  of  a  theory  that 
denies  the  divine  creation  of  man  and 
afifirms  instead  that  man  comes  from 
the  brute,  the  legislature  of  Tennessee 
l)ut  established  for  the  public  schools  of 
that  State  a  regulation  that  is  observed 
in  all  Catholic  schools,  where  no  one 
would  think  of  teaching  such  a  theory 
as  the  Tennessee  act  forbids. 

It  is  also  difficult  to  understand  how 
Catholic  writers  can  say,  as  some  have 
said,  that  because  we  have  our  own 
schools,  Ave  liave  no  compelling  interest 
ill  tlnvarting  the  atlieists  and  free- 
thinkers who,  under  the  guise  of  teach- 
ing science,  employ  their  position  as 
])ublic  instructors  to  destroy  the  faith 
of  tlie  children  entrusted  to  them.  The 
fact  that  Protestant  Christians  (in  that 
they  are  Christians)  can  attain  to  sal- 
tation, wliereas  those  without  faith  or- 
dinarily can  not,  should  elicit  oiir  sym- 
l)athy  with  the  purpose  of  the  former 
to  ])reserve  their  children  from  unbe- 
lief. But  apart  from  this,  Ave  have  to 
consider  the  Catholic  children  Avho  are 
compelled  by  force  of  circumstances  to 
attend   the   })ublic   schools. 

In  Tennessee  there  are  ajiproximate; 
ly  fifteen  thousand  Catholic  children  of 
school  age ;  less  than  five  thousand  are 
enrolled  in  Catholic  schools.  In  NeAV 
York  City,  Avhenee  come  the  most  em- 
]ihatic  protests  against  Catholics  ex- 
pressing sympathy  Avith  the  aim  of  the 
Tennessee  act,  there  are  approximatelj'' 


1 925 


THE    F0RTXIC4HTLY    REVIP]W 


359 


five  hundred  thousand  Catholic  chil- 
dren of  school  age ;  barely  more  than 
one  hundred  thousand  are  enrolled  in 
( 'atholic  schools.  In  the  whole  country, 
according  to  estimates  based  on  our 
Catholic  population,  there  must  be  ap- 
proximately eight  millions  of  Catholic 
children  of  school  age ;  barely  two  mil- 
lions are  enrolled  in  Catholic  schools. 

It  would,  therefore,  be  unfortunate, 
— it  would  seem  almost  an  act  of  de- 
sertion,— if  Catholics  generally  should 
Take  up  the  attitude  that  they  are  mere- 
ly "disinterested  spectators'"  of  the 
movement  to  rid  the  public  schools  of 
a  teaching  influence  which  under  the 
guise  of  teaching  science  is  robbing- 
children  of  tlieir  faith  in  God. 

That  the  means  adopted  to  that  end 
ill  Tennessee  is  not  the  best  means,  not 
The  traditional  Catholic  means,  may  be 
conceded ;  but  it  is  one  means,  and 
unless,  and  until,  it  shall  be  declared 
unlawful,  or  a  better  means  is  offered 
in  its  place,  it  deserves  and  will  win 
the  support  of  all  who  can  understand 
Avhat  a  tragedy  it  is  for  Christian  par- 
ents. Catholic  or  Protestant,  to  have 
Their  child  come  home  from  school  and 
Tell  them  he  does  not  believe  in  God. 

Michael  Williams,  writing  of  his  im- 
])ressions  of  Tennessee  folk  in  the  Com- 
monweal for  July  29,  said:  "There  is 
another  thing  that  these  newspaper- 
men are  agreed  upon, — namelj^,  that  in 
all  their  experience  they  have  never 
met  such  well-bred,  polite,  faithful,  un- 
spoiled boys.  The  telegraph  messen- 
gers and  errand  boys  necessary  for  the 
work  in  Dayton  brought  together  a 
group  of  real  young  Americans.  The 
impression  they  have  made  should 
prove,  if  anything  can,  that  there  is  in 
America  home  training  given  by  the 
fathers  and  mothers  who  still  believe 
in  God  and  the  teacliing  drawn  from 
The  Christian  religion.  They  may  be 
narrow,  those  Tennessee  Christians 
(and  they  may  not  be)  ;  they  may  be 
sectarian  and  even  bigoted  in  their  the- 
ological ideas  (and  they  may  not  be)  ; 
but  the  primal  decencies  of  life,  the 
training    of    the    young    in   necessary 


things,  has  certainly  [  I]  proven  suc- 
cessful. ' ' 

Passing  the  may-be 's  for  the  certain- 
ty, one  naturally  asks  how  long  will 
those  Tennessee  boys  cling  to  the  primal 
decencies  of  life  and  remain  polite, 
faithful,  unspoiled,  if  their  parents 
blink  and  do  nothing  when  atheists 
and  free-thinkers  accredited  by  the 
State  as  public  instructors  exert  their 
influence  to  wean  them  from  their  faith 
in  God .' 

But  what  can  they  do  about  it,  those 
Tennessee  parents  "who  still  believe 
in  God  and  The  teaching  drawn  from 
the  Christian  religion,"'  when  they  see 
their  children  in  the  public  schools  be- 
ing taught  theories  that  deny  both  their 
belief  and  their  teaching?  They  must 
educate  their  children,  and  to  most  of 
them  the  public  school  is  the  only  one 
available.  The^^  can  not  prevent  athe- 
ists and  free-thinkers  from  teaching  in 
the  public  schools,  as  that  would  be 
imposing  a  religious  test  as  a  qualifica- 
tion for  iDublic  service,  which  the  con- 
stitution forbids.  What  then  are  they 
to  do? 

May  we  not  let  those  answer  who 
seem  so  certain  that  the  Tennessee  act 
is  all  wrong? 

Some  say,  let  the  Protestant  funda- 
mentalists build  their  own  schools,  as 
Catholics  have  done.  But  have  we  not 
heard  those  same  ones  say  that  Catho- 
lics suffer  an  injustice  in  having  to 
build  schools  to  safeguard  the  faith  of 
their  children  when  they  are  taxed  to 
support  the  public  schools?  They 
could  not  be  willing  to  impose  such  an 
injustice  upon  others.  Besides,  Cathol- 
ics have  been  a  hundred  years  and  more 
building  their  own  schools  and  provid- 
ing teachers  for  them.  No  one  gener- 
ation could  possibly  bear  the  burden  of 
their  construction.  We  could  not  even 
maintain  our  schools  except  for  the  sub- 
sidy we  receive  in  the  lives  of  our  noble, 
self-sacrificing  sisterhoods.  Is  it  not, 
then,  sheer  mockery,  now  that  Prot- 
estant parents  are  reall}'  distressed  at 
the  evil  which  threatens  the  faith  and 
moral  stamina  of  their  children,  to 
taunt  them  with  the  proposal  that  they 


360 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    KEVTEW 


September  1 


build  their  own  scliools,  as  ( 'atholies 
have  done? 

Furthermore,  what  of  those  Tennes- 
see Catholics  who  are  compelled  by 
force  of  circumstances  to  send  their 
children  to  the  public  schools  ?  Again, 
we  may  let  those  answer  who  seem  so 
certain  that  the  Tennessee  act  is  all 
wrong. 

It  sliould  be  plainly  said,  however, 
that  with  approximately  tw-o-thirds  of 
our  Catholic  children  in  the  public 
schools  of  Tennessee,  those  who  counsel 
Catholics  to  a  hostile  or  indifferent  at- 
titude toward  State  regulations  calcu- 
lated to  prevent  atheistic  teaching  in 
the  class-room,  must  have  for  their  at- 
titude a  very  solid  reason,  not  one  that 
is  querulous  or  doubtful,  or  one  based 
on  suspicion  and  surmise,  least  of  all 
one  that  is  colored  by  some  kind  of  pre- 
judice, political,  sectional  or  religious. 

But  no  solid  reason  has  b*^eu  advanc- 
ed in  opposition  to  the  Tennessee  act. 
On  the  contrary,  the  arguments  offered 
against  it,  where  they  are  not  mere  ap- 
peals to  prejudice  or  frankly  conjec- 
tural, are  without  cogency,  and  show  a 
want  of  diligent  thought.  Some  tr<^at 
the  act  as  an  ignorant  attack  on  Sci- 
ence ;  others,  as  a  subtle  move  to  estab- 
lish a  State  religion.  Some  compare 
it  with  the  Oregon  law;  others,  with 
the  prohibition  law.  Virtually  all  as- 
sume that  it  is  law  Avithin  the  strict 
meaning  of  law,  and  anti-evolution 
within  the  broadest  interpretation  of 
evolution. 

Such  assumptions  are  violent.  Tlie 
act  is  not  law  in  the  strict  sense.  It 
does  not  attempt  to  regulate  the  con- 
duct of  citizens.  It  regulates  the  con- 
duct of  public  officials  only,  and  of 
those  only  that  teach  in  public  schools, 
and  of  them  only  when  teaching  in 
public  schools,  and  then  only  by  inhi- 
bition, not  by  commandment.  The  a-zt 
is  nothing  more  than  a  pnlilic  school 
regulation  in  terms  inhibitive.  It  cre- 
ates nothing,  establishes  nothing, 
changes  nothing ;  it  simply  inhiliits.  It 
does  not  inhibit  the  teaching  of  science. 
It  does  not  even  inhibit  the  teaching  of 
evolution,  so  far  as  it  pertains  to  plant 


and  animal  life.  It  inhibits  the  teach- 
ing only  of  a  theory  that  denies  the  di- 
vine creation  of  man.  All  this  is  plain 
from  the  terms  of  the  act : — 

' '  that  it  shall  be  unlawful  to  teach  in 
any  school  supported  in  whole  or  in 
part  by  the  public  school  funds  of 
this  State,  any  theory  that  denies  the 
divine  creation  of  man  as  taught  in 
the  Bible  and  to  teach  instead  that 
man    has    descended    from    a    lower 
order  of  animals." 
The  divine   creation   of  man    is  the 
subject  of  tlie  act.     The  youth  of  Ten- 
nessee   generally   are   taught   by   their 
parents    to   believe   that    God   created 
man.    The  purpose  of  the  act  is  to  pre- 
vent   public    instructors    from    using 
their  office  to  deny  that  belief  or  sup- 
plant it  with  atheistic  opinions.     The 
reference  to  the  Bible  is  definitive ;  the 
belief  to  be  respected  is  that  God  cre- 
ated man  to   His  image,   and  that  is 
nowhere    stated    so    clearly    as    in   the 
Bible.      The  reference   is  perhaps  not 
strictly  necessary,  but  any  objection  to 
the  act  on  that  score  can  not  be  very 
serious. 

Of  no  greater  merit  is  the  objection 
urged  on  the  ground  that  the  King 
James  versioji  of  the  Bible  was  used 
at  the  Dayton  trial.  The  account  of 
the  creation  of  man  is  the  same  in  that 
Version  as  in  the  Douay  Version,  as 
either  of  them,  or  any  other  version 
that  relates  the  story  of  creation  as  it 
has  been  taught  to  the  youth  of  Ten- 
nessee, would  come  within  the  terms  of 
the  act.  It  is  not  the  same  as  an  act 
prescribing  the  reading  of  the  Bible  in 
the  public  schools,  which  would  seem 
to  give  to  the  Book,  and  therefore  to 
some  particular  version  of  it,  a  degree 
of  authority  that  does  not  belong  to  the 
State.  In  the  present  case  the  Bible  is 
not  used  as  an  authority,  but  as  a 
means  of  identification.  There  are 
several  different  stories  of  a  "divine" 
creation  related  in  the  books  of  the 
world's  literature,  but  Tennessee  par- 
ents teach  their  children  belief  in  the 
story  related  in  the  Bible,  and  that  is 
the  belief  which  the  State  requires 
its  public  instructors  to  respect,— not 


192j 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY    EEVIEW 


361 


because  it  is  iu  the  Bible,  but  because  it 
is  the  common  belief  of  the  youth  of 
that  State.  The  belief  is  the  thing ;  the 
Bible  identifies  that  belief,  and  any  ver- 
sion of  it  will  serve  the  purpose. 

Those  who  object  to  the  act  on  the 
ground  that  it  establishes  a  religious 
test  of  a  qualification  for  public  office, 
fail  to  distinguish  between  the  right  of 
a  citizen  to  believe  or  not  to  believe  as 
he  sees  fit,  and  the  right  of  the  State  to 
prescribe  the  duties  of  public  officials. 
The  belief  or  non-belief  of  a  citizen  is 
not  a  subject  matter  for  legislation ; 
the  duties  of  public  officials  arise  out  of 
legislation  and  have  no  other  source. 
To  say  that  a  legislative  act  regulating 
the  duties  of  public  officials  may  be  an- 
nulled by  reason  of  the  fact  that  it  co- 
incides with  certain  religious  views,  or 
conflicts  with  other  religious  or  lion- 
religious  views,  would  jeopardize  the 
validity  of  almost  any  law  regulating 
the  conduct  of  public  officials.  A  po- 
liceman refusing  to  enforce  Sunday- 
closing  laws  could  not  be  dismissed,  a 
sheriff  insisting  on  taxing  church  prop- 
erty could  not  be  enjoined,  a  judge  de- 
clining to  administer  an  oath  could  not 
be  criticized.  These  and  other  law^s, 
without  number,  grow  out  of  the  com- 
mon religious  belief  of  the  people,  and 
public  officials  must  enforce  them,  but 
no  one  ever  thinks  they  impose  upon 
those  who  may  not  agree  with  them 
a  religious  test  as  a  qualification  for 
public  office.  No  more  does  the  Ten- 
nessee act  impose  such  a  test. 

Those  who  object  to  the  act  on  the 
score  that  it  violates  the  principle  of 
the  separation  of  Church  and  State,  al- 
so fail  to  observe  certain  valid  distinc- 
tions. The  principle  of  separation  is 
not  absolute.  There  never  was  any  in- 
tention on  the  part  of  our  fathers  to 
establish  America  as  a  godless  nation. 
Laws  against  blasphemy,  against  dis- 
turbing divine  worship,  against  "busi- 
ness as  usual ' '  on  Sundays,  are  not  con- 
sidered a  violation  of  the  principle  of 
separation.  Why  should  it  be  thought 
a  violation  to  require  public  school 
teachers  to  respect  the  religious  belief 


of  children  committed  to  them  for  in- 
struction .^ 

That  the  act,  if  it  does  not  itself 
impinge  on  religious  liberty,  is  a  dan- 
gerous precedent  for  legislation  that 
will  so  impinge,  is  an  objection  based 
on  suspicion  and  surmise,  which  are 
useful  enough  to  the  police,  but  poison 
among  neighbors  and  friends.  The  act 
in  both  terms  and  character  is  inhibi- 
tive  only,  and  inhibitive  legislation  is 
not  a  precedent  for  mandatory  legis- 
lation. 

Inhibitive  legislation  is  the  principal 
means  of  preserving  religious  liberty. 
Protestant  teachers  in  public  schools 
are  inhibited  from  denying  the  relig- 
ious belief  of  Catholic  pupils  and  teach- 
ing instead  what  Protestants  believe. 
Catholic  teachers  are  inhibited  from 
denying  what  Protestant  pupils  believe 
and  teaching  instead  what  Catholics  be- 
lieve. Both  are  inhibited  from  deny- 
ing what  Jews  believe  and  teaching  in- 
stead what  Christians  believe.  That  is 
the  way  Ave  preserve  religious  liberty  in 
our  public  schools.  By  what  process, 
then,  does  one  conclude  that  inhibiting 
atheists  and  free-thinkers  from  denying 
a  common  leligious  belief  of  their  pu- 
pils and  teaching  instead  atheistic 
opinions  is  to  impinge  on  religious 
liberty  or  to  set  a  precedent  for  future 
legislation  that  will  endanger  this  cher- 
ished right? 

The  truth  is,  something  in  the  nature 
of  the  Tennessee  act  had  become  neces- 
sary to  safeguard  the  religious  liberty 
of  Christians.  A  reviewer  of  Dr. 
O 'Toole's  book:  "The  Case  Against 
Evolution,"  in  an  article  in  the  Cath- 
olic Clul)  Bulletin  of  New  York,  says  on 
this  point: 

"When  we  consider  that  in  an 
education  system  from  which  all 
other  faiths  are  banished  by  law, 
this  one  (evolution)  has  been  adopt- 
ed as  a  sort  of  tacit  state  religion,  it 
is  just  as  well  to  know  that  it  has  not, 
as  is  generally  asserted,  a  solid  basis 
in  scientific  certainty,  but  is,  when 
we  come  right  down  to  essentials, 
just  as  much  a  creed  as  any  other 
creed,  just  as  much  in  need  of  sup- 


365 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


Septeiuber  1 


})()rt  by  some  kind  of  philosophy, 
making  jnst  as  lieavy  a  demand  upon 
the  faith  of  its  devotees  for  belief  in 
the  thing's  they  can  not  prove,  as 
any  of  the  systems  of  belief  it  is  in- 
tended to  displace." 
That  demand-nj'jon-the-faith-of -its- 
devotees  would  seem  to  account  for  the 
urge,  in  many  cases  well  night  fan- 
atical,— tliat  we  see  in  the  pseudo-sci- 
entist, who  is  never  so  eager  to  pursue 
scientific  inquiry  as  to  spread  propa- 
ganda calculated  to  destroy  the  relig- 
ious convictions  of  others,  i^tarticularly 
of  the  young,  so  that  we  have  a  twenty- 
four  year  old  lad  just  out  of  college 
setting  the  country  by  the  ears  in  de- 
fense of  his  "right"  to  teach  fourteen 
year  old  school  children  an  unproved 
theory  which  denies  that  God  made 
man.  There  is  a  passage  in  Moore's 
''Lallah  Rooke"  in  which  the  poet, 
describing  the  "Veiled  Prophet,"  sug- 
gests that  the  alchemist  may  doubt  the 
gold  his  crucibles  fling  out,  the  lover 
distrust  the  look  that  steals  his  soul 
away.  "But  faith,  fanatic  faith,  once 
wedded  fast  to  some  dear  falsehood, 
holds  it  to  the  last. " "  That  is  not  wide 
of  the  point  where  atheists  and  free- 
thinkers, who  would  empty  the  universe 
of  God,  insist  on  teaching  the  youth  of 
our  country  theories  which  true  scien- 
tists all  tell  us  have  no  proper  place  for 
discussion  outside  of  the  laboratory. 

It  is  clearly  within  the  province  of 
the  State,  and  no  less  clearly  the  duty 
of  the  State,  to  prevent  its  public 
schools  from  being  emploj'ed  for  such 
unreasonable  practices.  Aside  from 
other  reasons,  it  is  not  right  or 
proper  for  pedagogues  to  experiment 
on  the  minds  of  children.  Moreover  the 
principle  of  religious  liberty  demands 
of  the  State  thaf  the  faith  of  the  chil- 
dren and  youth  whom  parents  entrust 
to  the  public  schools  for  instruction, 
shall  not  be  denied  by  their  teachers. 
America,  in  concluding  its  editorial  ap- 
preciation of  the  late  Mr.  Bryan,  used 
teachers  to  respect  the  religious  belief 
not  agree  in  their  estimate  of  this  no- 
table American,  but  they  will  gladly 
and  grat^fullv  remember  how  in  his  old 


age  he  pleaded  with  moving  eloquence 
for  the  restoration  of  religion  to  the 
place  alM^ays  accorded  it  by  our  Am- 
erican forefathers  in  tlie  school  and  in 
the  heart  of  the  child." 

To  sum  up.  The  Tennessee  act  is  not 
law  in  the  strict  sense  of  law ;  it  is  a 
public  school  regulation  only.  It  is 
not  anti-evolution  in  a  scientific  sense, 
that  is  to  say,  so  far  as  evolution  per- 
tains to  plant  and  animal  life,  or  even 
to  a  theistic  hypothesis  of  the  develop- 
ment of  the  human  body :  it  inhibits 
only  the  materialistic  theory  that  de- 
nies the  divine  creation  of  man, — a 
theory  whicli  no  real  scientist  holds. 
It  is  not  a  religious  test  of  qualification 
for  public  office ;  it  regulates  the  du- 
ties of  public  officials,  but  does  not 
touch  the  qualification  of  citizens  for 
holding  public  office.  It  does  not  hold 
the  Bible  to  be  a  Sacred  Book,  but 
merely  refers  to  it  to  identify  the  belief 
which  public  instructors  are  required 
to  respect.  It  does  not  recognize  the 
King-  James  Version ;  any  commonly 
accepted  Version  would  come  within 
the  act.  It  does  not  establish  a  reli- 
gious belief,  sectarian  or  otherwise ;  it 
merely  recognizes  that  such  belief  is 
held  l)y  the  people,  and  says  it  .shall 
not  l)e  denied  by  public  instructors : 
just  as  other  acts  and  laws  recognize 
that  there  are  places  devoted  to  re- 
ligious worship  and  say  they  shall  not 
be  taxed.  It  does  not  aim  to  promote 
the  Christian  religion,  or  to  save  the 
Bible ;  its  purpose  is  to  guard  the  faith 
of  children  against  atheistic  attack. 
It  is  perhaps  not  the  best  means  to  that 
end ;  it  is  not  the  traditional  Catholic 
means ;  but  it  is  an  earnest  means,  and 
the  one  most  immediately  available  to 
parents  who  must  send  their  children 
to  ]iub]ic  schools.  It  seems  to  deserve 
the  supp(n"t  of  Catholics,  not  only  be- 
cause they  are  in  sympathy  with  every 
reasonable  effort  of  Protestant  Chris- 
tians to  preserve  the  belief  of  their 
children  from  the  paganizing  influences 
of  atlieists  and  unbelieA'ers,  but  also  be- 
cause large  numbers  of  their  fellow- 
Catholics  are  witliout  Catholic  schools 


1925 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    EEVIEW 


363 


aud    are    forced    by    circumstances    to      A   better   remedy    seems   far    off,    and 
send  their   children  to  public   schools.      each  generation  must  save  its  own  soul. 


The  Oregon  School  Law  Agitation  in  a  New  Light 

By  J.  I.  Driscoll,  LL.  D.,  El  Paso,  Tex. 

fll.  Conclusion) 


The  El  Paso  Ti)iirs,  in  its  issue  of 
November  16th,  1922,  the  exact  date 
of  the  quotation  above  mentioned  from 
the  Baltimore  Sim,  indicatino'  concert- 
ed action  by  the  Scottish  Rite,  carried 
a  quarter  of  a  column  of  reading  mat- 
ter with  the  caption:  "Dr.  Felix  Miller 
to  Head  Masonic  Educational  Work."" 
Tlie  article  stated  that  Dr.  Miller  "was 
notified  yesterday  by  8am  P.  Cochran, 
Dallas,  Sovereign  Grand  Inspector 
General  of  the  Ancient  and  Accepted 
Scottish  Kite  of  F'reemasonry,  Southern 
Jurisdiction,  of  his  appointment  as 
Chairman  of  the  El  Paso  District  in 
connection  with  the  educational  cam- 
paign inaugurated  by  the  Supreme 
Council  *  *  *  The  educational  move- 
ment which  has  been  undertaken  by 
the  Supreme  Council  of  the  Ancient 
and  Accepted  Scottish  Rite,  Southern 
Jurisdiction,  is  based  largely  on  the 
resolution  adopted  by  the  Council  at 
a  special  session  held  in  Colorado 
Springs  in  May,  1920.  The  three 
primary  objects  to  Avhich  Scottish  Rite 
Masons  in  the  Southern  Jurisdiction 
should  devote  their  be.st  efforts  were  an- 
nounced as  follows:  First,  the  unquali- 
fied support  of  the  Towner-Sterling 
Bill,  which  provides  for  the  establish- 
ment of  a  department  of  education  with 
a  secretary  who  will  have  a  seat  in  the 
President's  cabinet.  The  bill  also  pro- 
vides thatj  certain  funds  shall  be  set 
aside  by  the  national  government  for 
the  propagation  of  the  principles  of 
Americanism  and  to  assist  in  the  de- 
velopment of  the  free  public  schools. 
Second,  the  encouragement  and  adop- 
tion of  laws,  both  national  and  State, 
which  will  provide  for  the  attendance 
of  children  at  public  schools." 

The  third  is  omitted,  as  being  ir- 
relevant to  the  subject  at  issue. 


The  Supreme  Coiuicil  of  the  Thirty- 
third  Degree,  Ancient  and  Accepted 
Scottish  Rite  for  the  Southern  Juris- 
diction, meeting  at  Charleston,  S.  C, 
on  October  2,  1924,  by  resolution  d(^- 
clared  its  support  of  the  Oregon  Anti- 
Private  School  Law,  which  had  already 
been  lield  unconstitutional  by  the 
Federal  Court.  The  resolution  adopted 
reads : 

''We  approve  loid  re-assfi-t  our  l)eliet'  m 
tlie  free  aud  (Mmijmlsorv  education  of  the 
children  of  our  nation  in  public  ])riinain' 
schools  supported  l>y  i)ublic  taxation,  which 
all  children  shall  attend  aud  be  instructed  in 
the  English  language  only,  without  regard 
td  race  or  creed,  and  we  pledge  the  effort 
of  the  membership  of  the  Eite  to  promote 
by  all  lawful  means  the  organization,  ex- 
tension and  development  to  the  highest  de- 
gree of  such  schools  and  to  continually  op- 
pose the  efforts  of  any  and  all  who  seek  to 
limit,  curtail,  hinder  or  destroy  the  public 
school   system    of    our   land. 

"This  principle  has  been  embodied  in  what 
is  known  as  the  Oregon  Education  Bill,  whicli 
was  approved  by  a  popular  vote  in  that  State 
by  a  majority  of  14,000.  The  District  Federal 
Court  declared  the  law  unconstitutional  and 
an  appeal  has  been  made  to  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States. 

' '  A  defense  of  the  Oregon  law  was  voiced 
by  P.  S.  Malcolm,  Thirty-Third  Degree, 
Sovereign  Grand  Inspector  General  in  Oregon, 
who  attended  the  meeting  here.  He  asserted 
there  was  nothing  discriminating  in  the 
Oregon  law  aud  added :  '  American  Scottish 
Eite  Masons  of  the  Southern  Jurisdiction  be- 
lieve this  position  regarding  elementary  edu- 
cation in  harmony  with  American  ideals  aud 
institutions.  They  believe  it  is  not  possible 
to  maintain  a  homogeneous  democratic  govern- 
ment if  a  heterogeneous  population  is  per- 
mitted to  acquire  elementary  instructions  from 
diverse  government. '  " 

Sovereign  Grand  Commander  John 
C.  Cowles,  in  an  address  to  the  Council, 
stressed  the  educational  programme  of 
the  Masonic  Order.  He  announced 
that  the  Scottish  Rite  will  continue  its 
efforts  to  foster  the  general  programme 


^64 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


September  1 


of  tlie  Supreme  Council  of  the  Southern 
Jurisdiction,  Avhieh  includes,  among 
other  things,  compulsory  use  of  English 
as  the  language  of  instruction  in  all 
grammar  grades,  cnid  the  requircmenf 
thai  all  normal  children  aiteiul  the 
IJuhlic  primary  schools. 

It  is  plain  from  these  ([uotations  that 
nnderl^-ing  the  compulsory  school  law 
of  Oregon  was  not  only  the  Ku  Klux 
Klaii,  but,  anterior  to  tlie  appearance 
of  that  organization,  tlie  most  influen- 
tial body  of  Freemasons  in  this  coun- 
try. 

Let  us,  therefore,  be  slow  to  place  the 
entire  blame  for  this  most  pernicious 
undertaking  upon  the  drooping  shoul- 
ders of  the  Ku  Klux  Klan. 

Catholics  are  insulted  monthly  by  the 
tirades  against  their  faith  and  prac- 
tices appearing  in  the  New  Age,  the 
official  organ  of  Scottisli  Rite  Masonry 
for  the  Southern  Jurisdiction,  issued 
at  Washington,  D.  C.  Scottish  Rite 
Masons  can  do  their  country  and  their 
friends  a  great  service  if  by  their  ac- 
tion, by  the  express  communication  of 
their  views,  and  by  their  vote  in  Su- 
preme Council  sessions  they  make  it 
known  unmistakably  to  their  superior 
officers  that  they  do  not  approve  of  the 
policies  herein  described,  and  in  such 
emphatic  terms  and  l)y  such  decisive 
action  bring  about  a  change  of  course 
in  the  tendencies  exhibited  and  herein 
discussed. 

It  is  not  sufficient  for  members  of  an 
organization  to  exculpate  tliemselves  by 
the  statement  that  they  are  not  in  sym- 
pathy nor  in  harmony  with  the  pro- 
gramme and  policies  adopted  by  the 
organization  of  which  they  are  mem- 
bers, unless  and  until  they  have  ex- 
pressed in  unmistakable  terms,  accor- 
ding to  established  i)rocedure  ^^■ithin 
their  organizations,  their  emphatic  dis- 
avowal and  determined  opposition.  If 
a  small  coterie  of  influential  officers  or 
members  alone  are  blameworthy,  then 
every  effort  should  be  expended  to  oust 
them  from  office,  or  remove  their  in- 
fluence, as  the  case  may  be. 

Money  lends  dignity  to  some  very 
commonplace  opinions. 


Catholic  Principles  in  Public  Life 

The  London  Universe,  the  most  wide- 
ly read  and  one  of  the  most  ably  con- 
ducted Catholic  newspapers  in  Eng- 
land, in  its  No.  683  prints  a  leading 
editorial  article  on  the  currency  ques- 
tion, ■which,  while  not  perhaps  entirely 
satisfactory  as  far  as  the  problem  of 
the  gold  standard  is  concerned,  lays 
down  some  truths  which  need  empha- 
sizing in  our  day  when  the  tendency 
is  to  divorce  religion  as  much  as  pos- 
sible from  questions  of  public  welfare. 

"The  reason  why  a  paper  like  this 
ordinarily  refrains  from  the  discussion 
of  matters  in  political  dispute,"  says 
our  esteemed  contemporary,  "is  not 
that  moral,  and  therefore  ultimately 
religious,  issues  are  not  involved.  They 
generally  are.  Fcav  public  questions 
are  questions  of  mere  expediency.  The 
reason  for  abstaining  from  their  dis- 
cussion is  that  while  the  Church  lays 
down  moral  principles  for  the  guidance 
of  the  faithful,  their  application  is 
mostly  left  to  the  conscience  and  judg- 
ment of  the  individual.  Where  the  ap- 
plication is  clear,  and  the  need  to  speak 
out  urgent,  authority  always  speaks 
out  plainly;  and  it  then  becomes  the 
duty  of  all  the  faithful,  whatever  their 
political  predilections,  to  follow.  But 
at  the  same  time  it  is  very  necessary  to 
remember  the  duty  of  moral  judgment, 
upon  Catholic  principles,  on  all  public 
questions.  It  might  seem  at  first  sight 
that  such  a  question  as  that  of  the  gold 
standard  is  eminently  a  question  for 
experts  in  one  of  the  most  elusive  and 
baffling  of  sciences  ....  Yet  directly 
these  issues  are  brought  down  into  the 
market-place,  the  appeal  to  the  ordi- 
nary citizen  is  placed  upon  grounds  of 
right  and  wrong,  of  morality.  And  in 
the  mouth  of  the  popular  orator  the  in- 
vocation of  religious  sanctions  is  never 
long  deferred  ....  We  admit — or,  ra- 
ther, we  strenuously  contend — that  all 
these  questions  have  at  their  base  some 
governing  moral  principle  or  prin- 
ciples. But  there  are  two  things  to 
be  said.  One  is  that  they  are  mixed 
questions.  They  involve  also  the  ques- 
tion of  what  course  is  or  is  not  pos- 
sible here  and  now,  and  the  question 


1925 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY   REVIEW 


365 


of  Avhat  method  of  attaining  a  moral 
end  is,  out  of  justifiable  alternatives, 
the  more  expedient.  And  the  other 
thing  is  that  there  often  occurs  in  the 
moral  sphere  as  much  as  in  the  legal 
a  conflict  of  rights  (which  does  not 
mean  a  conflict  of  principles,  but  about 
their  incidence),  only  soluble  in  prac- 
tice by  mutual  accommodation. 

"With  these  two  thoughts  we  will 
leave  our  readers  to  determine  for 
themselves  the  moral  bearings  of  such 
problems  of  currency  as  they  may  have 
to  make  up  their  minds  about  during 
this  Parliamentary  session.  Our  object 
has  merely  been  to  call  attention  to 
the  fact  that  such  questions,  equally 
with  those  that  appear  more  elemen- 
tary and  intelligible,  are  in  the  last 
resort  questions  of  moral  principle,  to 
be  approached  by  a  Catholic  with  the 
sense  that  duty  and  conscience  are  in- 
volved. And  secondly  to  suggest  that 
one  should  beware  of  hasty  simplifi- 
cations of  public  issues.  They  are  se- 
ductive, but  they  are  no  safe  substi- 
tute for  the  painstaking  investigation 
of  those  issues,  with  a  mind  impartially 
set  toward  the  ascertainment  of  the 
truth.'" 


DISSOLUTION 


By  J.  Corson  Miller 


Around  the  honey-comb  of  life 

Men  swarm  like  bees  in  the  noonday  sun; 

The  bombs  drop  down  in  the  cluttered  strife, 

Where  tigers  snarl,  and  lambkins  run. 

Some  day  the  lights  will  all  fade   down  to 

darkness, 
The  race  will  end — 
There  will  be  no  more  prizes  to  be  won. 

The  wreaths  of  fame  are  wrought  with  care, 
For   many   men   would   still   be   king; 
What  are  the  heavy  crowns  they  wear. 
Whose  gold  is  steeped  in  wrong-doing! 
Some   day   the   rust  will   eat,   the    dust    will 

gather 
Oh  rich  and  poor, 
As  once  it  must  on  every  living  thing. 

So  trim  love's  lantern  for  the  night 
Of  the  curtained  dark,  and  the  pathway  long; 
What  shall  avail  men's  pride  and  might! 
The  meek  alone  shall  then  be  strong. 
The  flesh  must  die,  but  Spirit  lives  forever — 
Upon  the  Cross, 

Christ    made    of    death   his    life's    immortal 
song. 


Notes  and  Gleanings 

In  an  article  contributed  to  the 
Christian  Science  Monitor  (Vol.  XVII, 
No.  216,  p.  14)  Sir  Alfred  Robbins  di- 
vulges the  true  reason  why  the  Grand 
Lodge  of  Freemasons  of  New  York 
State  severed  diplomatic  relations  with 
the  Grand  Orient  of  France.  It  was 
not  because  of  the  latter 's  refusal  to 
acknowledge  the  belief  in  God,  as  cer- 
tain American  Masonic  journals  would 
have  us  believe,  but  "because  of  the 
Grand  Orient's  invasion  of  her  [the 
New  York  Grand  Lodge's]  territory  by 
setting  up  therein  lodges  of  the  French 
Obedience."  At  heart,  there  can  not 
be  the  least  doubt  that  the  Grand  Lodge 
of  New  York  is  as  anti-theistic  (if  the- 
ism be  taken  in  the  specific  Christian 
sense)  as  the  Grand  Orient  of  France. 


The  influence  of  the  betting  and 
gambling  trade  is  permeating  every 
part  of  our  country.  It  has  captured 
the  press,  so  that  the  chief  occupation 
of  man}^  evening  papers  is  to  announce 
all  the  winners  and  to  give  betting  tips. 
It  has  produced  a  great  army  of  ' '  book- 
makers," — there  are  said  to  be  30,000 
of  them  in  the  U.  S., — whose  sole  in- 
terest is  to  draw  men,  women,  and 
children  into  the  far-flung  net  of  the 
professional  gamblers.  ' '  We  are, ' '  says 
Christian  Work,  "presented  to-day 
with  a  most  singular  recrudescence  of 
some  of  the  worst  forms  of  human  cor- 
ruption, backed  by  great  financial  in- 
terests. They  are  succeeding  in  drag- 
ging down  our  young  men  and  women, 
ruining  the  homes  and  making  the  life 
of  any  high  and  noble  spiritual  service 
practically  impossible ;  and  when  these 
are  the  conditions  of  our  time,  the 
Church  has  her  duty,  and  she  must  do 
it  until  things  are  changed  in  societj^ 
at  large." 

In  a  handsomely  printed  and  bound 
volume  Fr.  Dr.  Capistran  Romeis,  0. 
F.M.,  tells  how  Princess  Anna  of  Prus- 
sia found  her;  way  into  the  Catholic 
Church.  ( ' '  Prinzessin  Anna  von  Preus- 
sen,  Landgrafin  von  Hessen.  Ihr  Weg 
zur  katholisehen  Kirche."     Herder  & 


366 


THE    FO R T N I G H TL N'     H K  V I  K  W 


Septeinljtrr   1 


(,"o.).  The  Frincc'ss  was  a  woman  of 
higli  intellectual  capacity  and  noble 
character,  whom  the  Lutheran  faith,  in 
whicii  she  was  born,  did  not  satisfy,  and 
Avho,  as  a  consequence,  slowly  drifted 
towards  Catholicism.  The  late  Father 
L.  yon  Ilammerstein,  S..I.,  was  instru- 
mental in  remoyinp'  lier  last  doubts, 
and  she  finally  came  oyer  in  the  sum- 
mer of  liJOl.  Her  conyersion  created 
a  tremendous  sensation  because  she  be- 
longed to  the  House  of  Hohenzollern, 
and  the  then  Emjieror  William  forbade 
all  the  members  of  that  house  to  have 
anything  further  to  do  with  the  "apos- 
tate ' '  Princess.  His  much-mooted  letter 
to  her  is  not  printed  in  this  book,  but 
its!  text  has  been  given  out  in  conse- 
(juence  of  the  discussion  aroused  by  the 
w^ork.  She  died  in  1918,  and  it  is  but 
just  to  add  that  the  Emperor  paid  her 
a  visit  while  she  was  on  her  deathbed 
and  assured  her  :  "  Tante,  nun  soil  alles 
wieder  "'ut  sein  ! ' ' 


About  the  year  -KiS  the  Emi)eror 
Justin  sent  a  relic  of  the  true  Cross  to 
St.  Radegonde,  and  in  honor  of  its  en- 
try into  Poitiers,  Venantius  Fortunatus 
composed  the  hymns  by  which  we  now 
chietiy  remember  him:  The  "Vexilla 
Regis,"  the  "Crux  Fidelis, "  and  the 
Passion  and  Palm  Sunday  version  of 
the  "Pauge  Lingua."  The  Palm  Sun- 
day processional  hymn,  "Gloria,  Laus 
et  Honor,"  is  attributed  to  Theodulf, 
Bishop  of  Orleans,  821.  The  pictur- 
esque legend  in  connection  with  that 
event  is  detailed  by  Father  Thurston 
in  his  interesting  pamphlet  on  Palm 
Sunday   (C.T.S.)' 


Prof.  Theo.  Graebner,  of  Concordia 
Seminar}',  St.  Louis,  has  published  the 
second  and  concluding  portion  of  his 
"Winning  the  Lodge-Man:  A  Hand- 
book of  Secret  Societies,"  in  which  he 
deals,  largel.y  from  his  ow]i  files,  and, 
of  course,  from  his  Lutheran  point  of 
view, — which  in  this  matter  does  not 
differ  much  from  the  Catholic — 
with  some  forty  or  fifty  lodges,  includ- 
ing the  A.  0.  U.  W.,  the  Gleaners,  the 
Harugari,  the  Knights  and  Ladies  of 
Honor,  the  Mystic  AVorkers  of  the 
World,  the  Sons  of  Herman,  the  Order 


of  Owls,  etc.  The  learned  Professor's 
conclusions  with  regard  to  most  of 
these  societies  agree  substantially  with 
those  arrived  at  in  our  own  "Diction- 
ary of  Secret  and  Other  Societies,"' 
which,  we  are  glad  to  notice,  Dr. 
Graebner  has  found  helpful  in  com- 
piling his  work.  AYhether  he  will  be 
al)le  to  "win"  many  lodge-men,  is  a 
question,  l)ut  his  book  wdll  at  least 
proye  a  new  warning  against  an 
agency  that  is  hard  at  work  undermin- 
ing all  positive  Christian  faith  in  the 
people  of  this  generatio]i. 

The  Archbishop  of  San  Francisco 
has  the  courage  to  saj',  through  his  offi- 
cial organ,  what  no  doubt  many  an- 
other bishop  has  often  thought :  ' '  The 
(Jolumhia  is  a  good  monthly.  Knights 
[of  Columbus]  would  do  w^ell  to  con- 
centrate on  it  for  Knightly  publicity, 
and  stop  interfering  wdth  archdiocesan 
oificial  papers  by  publishing  bulletins 
all  over  the  United  States." — (San 
Francisco  Monitor,  Vol.  67,  No.  13.; 

In  No.  8  of  the  current  volume  of 
Our  Missions  Fr.  Joseph  Eckert,  S.  V. 
D.,  who  is  in  charge  of  the  colored  Ca- 
tholics of  Chicago,  reports  an  import- 
ant measure  recently  taken  b}'  the 
Archbishop  of  that  See  to  promote  the 
mission  work  among  the  negro  popula- 
tion, which  has  increased  enormously 
during  the  last  fe^y  years.  Cardinal 
Mundelein  has  formally  transferred  to 
the  colored  parish  of  St.  Monica,  of 
whicli  Fr.  Eckert  is  pastor,  the  church, 
school,  and  clubJiouse  of  St.  Eliza- 
beth's parish,  which  one  flourished, 
but  of  late  w'as  almost  deserted,  because 
the  white  people  had  moved  away  froni 
the  neighborhood.  These  buildings  are 
very  substantial,  and  their  transfer  to 
the  colored  Catholics  has  inaugurated 
a  new  era  for  old  St.  Monica's,  the 
first  colored  parish  in  Chicago,  estab- 
lished by  the  late  Father  Augustine 
Tolton  (colored),  in  1891,  and  Fr. 
Eckert  expects  it  "is  going  to  solve,  to 
a  large  extent,  the  problem  of  the  grow- 
ing Catholic  colored  population  in  Chi- 
cago." Already  there  is  au  increased 
attendance  at  the  Sunday  masses  and 
the  parochial  school,  in  charge  of  the 


1925 


THE   FORTNICIHTLY   REVIEW 


361 


dM 

t              THE  UNIPHONIC  PIPE  ORGAN 

iJmnf 

y 

As  Designed  By  Adolph  B.  Suess  and 
Built  under  his  personal  supervision. 

'' 

f. 

lii. 

is  the  pipe  organ 

' 

PAR   EXCELLENCE 

i 

For  small  churches,  chapels,  schools. 
DIRECT  ELECTRIC  ACTION 

. " 

1 
Li 

1 .  llJ 

-  -  -  - 

For  Information  and  Price,  in  various  sizes, 
1       address 

gj^^^^                     Adolph  B.  Suess 

HHH|HH^H^g^2iiiBBiJ 

1       1314  Lynch  Ave.                     East  St.  Louis,  111. 

^S3 

1       Uniphonic  Organs  can  be  built  with 
"     either  Attached  or  Detached  Console. 

iNm 

||g|)J|p»»s-r-,       f 

Sisters  of  the  Blessed  Sacrament 
almost    1,000    pupils,  of    whom 
than  one-half  are  non-Catholic. 


,  has 
more 


Mr.  Joseph  H.  Meier,  of  Chicago,  has 
published  a  new  and  revised  edition  of 
his  Catholic  Press  Directory,  which 
contains  not  only  a  complete  list  of  all 
Catholic  newspapers  and  magazines 
published  in  the  United  States  (with 
the  exception  of  purely  local  fraternal 
papers,  i)arish,  college  journals),  but 
also  information  about  the  Catholic 
Press  Association  and  the  press  depart- 
ment of  the  N.  C.  W.  C,  as  well  as  some 
interesting  Catholic  statistics  and  sta- 
tistical estimates.  As  Mr.  Meier  was  for 
a  number  of  j^ears  editor  of  the  Official 
Catholic  Directory,  his  estimate  of  the 
total  Catholic  population  is  deserving 
of  serious  consideration,   although  we 


personally  regard  20,738,447  as  much 
too  high  if  it  be  a  question  of  practic- 
ing Catholics,  and  much  too  low  if  it 
be  a  question  of  ought-to-be  "s.  We 
recommend  Mr.  Meier's  Directory  to 
all  who  desire  reliable  information 
about  the  present  status  of  the  Catho- 
lic press  in  the  U.  S..  (64  W.  Randolph 
Str.,  Chicago,  111.) 


What  can  be  done  toAvards  render- 
ing Bible  history  more  interesting  and 
fruitful  in  our  schools  is  demonstrated 
by  a  practical  example  (Jesus  and  the 
Canaanite  woman)  set  forth  by  Direc- 
tor Paul  Bergmann,  of  Dresden,  in  a 
pamphlet  published  b.v  Herder 
(Freiburg)  under  the  title,  "Neuge- 
staltung  des  biblischen  Geschichtsun- 
terrichts, "  which  we  cordially  recom- 
mend to  teachers  interested  in  the  sub- 
ject. 


A  BOARDING  SCHOOL  EXCLUSIVELY  FOR 

BOYS  OF  JUNIOR  HIGH  SCHOOL  AGE 

Conducted  by  the  Benedictine  Fathers 

7    Buildings 25-acre   Campus Gymnasium Swimming    Pool,    etc. 

Apply  for  catalogue  to  MAUR  HILL.  ATCHISON,  KANSAS 


368 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    KEVIEW 


September  1 


Father  A.  Verineer.st']),  S.  J.,  is  so 
convinced  of  the  importcUiee  of  the  Sa- 
crament of  Confirmation  for  the  youth 
of  to-day  that  he  suggests  in  tlie  third 
volume  of  his  recently  ])ulilishe(l  Moral 
Theology  that,  avIiou  tlic  hishoji  of  a 
diocese  cannot  come  round  at  least 
once  every  year,  the  deans  be  empow- 
ered to  administer  this  Sacrament,  each 
in  his  respective  district.  This  sugges- 
tion is  favorably  commented  upon  by 
Fr.  Albert  Schmitt,  S.J.,  the  editor  of 
the  new  editions  of  Noldin's  Moi-al 
Theology,  in  Vol.  XLIX,  No.  2  of  the 
Zeitschrift  filr  katJi.  Theologic. 


A  Czech  scholar,  Dr.  Bedrich  Hrozny, 
has  been  working  for  many  years  at 
the  mysterious  inscriptions  of  the  Hit- 
tites.  His  attention  has  been  fixed  on 
the  cuneiform  inscriptions  rather  than 
on  those  which  are  in  a  pictographic 
script.  A  recent  issue  of  the  London 
Times  contained  a  deeply  interesting 
account  of  Dr.  Hrozny 's  excavations 
and  discoveries.  A  long  time  must 
pass  before  much  progress  in  our 
knowledge  of  Hittite  histoi-y  and  cul- 
ture can  be  reported,  but  there  are  now 
bright  hopes  of  illuminating  one  of  the 
darkest  places  in  the  history  of  civili- 
zation. 


Under  the  title  "Le  Jubile  hors  de 
Rome,"  Fr.  J.  Lacau,  S.  C.  J.,  has  pub- 
lished, by  way  of  an  appendix  to  his 
larger  work,  "Frecieux  Tresors  des  In- 
dulgences, ' '  a  brochure  in  which  he  ex- 
plains who  can  gain  the  jubilee  indul- 
gence outside  of  Rome,  and  under  what 
conditions.     (Turin:    Marietti.) 


Salvatorian    College 

A  Preparatory  Seminary  for  the 
education  of  boys  and  young  men 
for  the  priesthood.  Six  years'  stan- 
dard classical  course.  Location 
ideal;  healthy  and  adapted  for 
many  outdoor  sports.  Yearly 
tution  $250. 

For  Catalogue  address: 
The  Salvatorian  Fathers 

St.  Nazianz,  Wis, 


LAINUJM    LAW     Complied   With 

By  Eeligious  Communities  Who 
Use  our  Printed  Forms 

Specimen    forms   for    the   asking 

The 
Abbey  Student  Press 

Dependable  Printers  and  Publishers 
St.  Benedict's  College 

Atchison,   Kansas 


Thos.  F. 

Imbs 

ARCHITECT 

STUDIO 

S06  Wainwright  BIdg. 

7th  and  Ckettnut 

Fontbonne  College 

A  Catholic  Institution  for  the  Higher  Education  of  Women 

Boarding  and  Day  School  Conducted  by  the  Sisters  of  St. 

Joseph  of  Carondelet. 

Wydown  Boulevard  and  Pennsylvania  Avenue 

For  further  information  address:  Registrar,  6400  Minnesota  Avenue, 
St.  Louis,  Mo. 

The  new  buildings  are  completed  and  ready  for  opening  in  September. 


1925 


THE    FOETXIGHTLY   EEVIEW 


369 


Established     1886 

STRASSBERGER 

CONSERVATORIES     OF     MUSIC 

ST.     LOUIS'     FOREMOST     Schools     In     al 

Departments 

Low     Terms     to      Beginners 

DIPLOMA    and     MEDAL    Awarded 

Terms     Reasonable — Catalogue     Free 


Blackwell  Wielandy 

Book  &^  Stationery  Co. 

Printers  of  Periodicals 
Book  Manufacturers 


'The  Fortnightly  Review' 
la  printed  by  us 


1605  Locust  St. 
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J.  SELLMANN 

Tailor 

We  Specialize  on  All 
Clerical  Clothes 


3475  South  Grand  Boulevard 
Phone,  Grand  7832 


Jury  Warrants  Cashed  Bell,  Main  1242 

SEA  FOODS  IN  SEASON 


J.  B.  SCHUMACKER 

418  Market  Strest  ST.   LOUIS,  MO. 


POSITION  WANTED,  as  choir  director  and 
organist,  by  a  man  competent  in  plain  chant, 
harmony,  rubrics,  counterpoint,  etc.  Am 
willing  to  serve  wherever  a  man  is  wanted  to 
direct  the  music  according  to  the  will  of  the 
Church.  I  am  a  pupil  of  the  late  Professor 
John  Singenberger,  of  St.  Francis,  Wis.  Ad- 
dress A.  B.  C,  c/o  Fortnightly  Eevikw. 


Correspondence 

An  Echo  From  the  Dayton  Trial 

To  the  Editor:  — 

"Do  not  become  like  the  horse  and  the 
mule,  tvho  have  no  understanding.  Bind  fast 
their  jaws  mth  bit  and  bridle."  (Ps.  XXXI. 
9.) 

Evolution,  in  a  limited  sense,  may  be  re- 
ferred to  the  development  of  a  plant  from  the 
seed  to  the  flower  and  fruit.  But  in  a  wider 
sense,  as  the  man  of  the  street  understands  it. 
it  signifies  the  production  of  ?iew  species  of 
beings  by  the  blind  forces  of  nature;  and  in 
the  progress  of  ages,  it  supposes  the  proba- 
bility of  a  higher  order  of  beings  developing 
from  species  of  a  lower  order. 

That  kind  of  evolution  contradicts  a  first 
principle  of  reason,  that  the  cause  is  greater 
than  the  effect  it  produces,  and  that  no  effect 
can  rise  above  its  cause;  i.  e.,  a  species  de- 
veloped from  other  species  cannot  have  a  vir- 
tue or  power  not  contained  in  the  species 
producing  it.  So,  prescinding  from  the  agency 
of  God  creating  and  preserving  life  in  the 
universe,  as  ordinary  evolutionists  do,  evolu- 
tion is  contrary  to  reason  and  should  be 
termed  devolution.  If  the  keen  intelligence 
of  a  Darrow  could  be  developed  from  the 
brains  of  a  monkey,  that  would  be  a  miracle 
of  evolution. 

Moreover  there  is  no  need  of  new  species,  as 
is  clear  to  the  Christian  who  knows  his  Bible. 
which  is  the  most  venerable  monument  of 
civilization  in  the  progress  of  the  human  race. 
In  the  first  chapter  of  the  Bible,  it  is  repeated 
in  5  verses  that  God  created  all  plants  and 
aniTuals,  birds  and  fishes  "according  to  their 
kinds ' '  or  species.  And  where  is  the  man  who 
can  enumerate,  let  alone  explain  the  number- 
less species  of  flowers  and  faunae,  herbs, 
bushes  and  trees,  fishes,  fowls  and  animals 
that  have  existed  since  creation?  Any  new 
evolution  is  likely  to  be  a  nondescript  lusim 
naturae,  a  hocus  pocus. 

As  "the  fool  has  said  in  his  heart,  there  is 
no  God,"  so  it  takes  a  fool  to  try  to  improve 
on  the  work  of  creation. 

Now,  some  might  suppose  a  limited  evolu- 
tion, when  God  said:  "Let  the  earth  bring 
forth  the  green  herb  and  such  as  may  seed" 
(v.  ii).  "Let  the  waters  bring  forth  the 
creeping  creature  having  life,  and  the  fowl 
that  may  fly  over  the  earth  under  the  firma- 
ment of  heaven,"  etc.  (v.  20).  But  that  was 
a  creative  act,  just  as  when  God  said:  "Let 
there  be  liaht,  and  lip-ht  was  made"  (v.  3). 
The  question  arises,  did  tlie  earth  evolve  the 
green  herbs  by  degrees  and  did  the  water 
produce  fishes  and  fowl  by  its  own  innate 
virtue?  No,  verse  21  states:  "And  God  cre- 
ated the  great  whales  and  every  living  and 
moving  creature,  which  the  waters  brought 
forth,  according  to  their  kinds,  and  every 
winged  fowl  according  to  its  hind," 


370 


THE     FOETXIGHTL^•     KEVIEVV 


Scptfinber  1 


It  w;is  ill  tlie  ]il;in  of  tlu'  Allwise  Creator  to 
create  seeds  or  cells  of  life  in  the  earth  and 
in  the  waters,  from  which  plants,  fishes  and 
foAvls  could  be  developed.  That  process  might 
be  called  limited  evolution.  But  the  earth 
and  water  were  empowered  by  God  to  pro- 
duce those  species.  The  Avord  evolution  has 
been  abused  and  turned  into  a  means  of 
propaganda  bv  atheists  and  materialists,  who 
ignore  God  the  Almighty  and  Eternal  Source 
of  Life,  who  doul)t  about  their  immortal 
soul,  which  Scripture  judges  to  be  "a  little 
below  the  spirit  of  angels,"  but  Avhieh  their 
petty  seieuee  declares  to  be  a  little  above  the 
intelligence  of  animals.  Their  leaders  profess 
to  lecture  on  evolution  as  a  popular  seieuee; 
some  think  it  very  probable,  Avaiting  for  miss- 
ing links,  while  others  assert  it  is  proved  by 
old  bones  and  fossils.  But  the  university 
youth  and  the  man  in  the  street  understand 
it  to  mean  that  a  man  is  not  responsible  and 
ran  follow  his  natural  instincts  like  an  animal, 
—all  bodv  and  no  soul.  Thus,  in  the  prac- 
tical conclusions  draAvii  from  it,  evolution  un- 
dermines Christianity  with  its  Ten  Command- 
ments and  tends  to  dissolve  society. 

The  protagonists  of  evolution  made  much 
ado  in  the  recent  Tennessee  trial  to  prove  that 
evolution  does  not  contradict  the  Bible.  That 
was  merely  an  attempt  to  cloud  the  issue.  A 
limited  evolution,  as  held  by  some  Christian 
scientists,  may  be  supposed  to  agree  Avith  the 
Bible  narrative.  But  their  tenets,  as  they  well 
knoAv  in  their  hearts,  flatly  contradict  the 
Bible  and  undermine  the  Christian  religion 
nncl  civilization  Ijy  the  tendency  to  spread 
laxity  of  morals  among  a  generation  of  vouths 
Avho  are  incluied  that  Avay,  from  the  lack  of 
religious  principles.  In  aNvord,  evolution  has 
a  bad  odor. 
Florissant,  Mo.  (  Uoy.)  .] .  O'Meara,  S.  .1. 

Excerpts    from    Letters 

It  is  not  often  one  finds  a  mistake  in  the 
■P".  E.  But,  "  alie/uando  clormitat  et  honus 
Homerus."  I  found  one  in  your  No.  16. 
There,  on  page  344,  you  say  that' Father  Zorell 
is  a  Dominican,  but  in  his  Lexicon  of  New 
Testament  Greek  he  has  "  S.  J."  after  his 
name,  as  also  in  Keiter's  "Kath.  Literatur- 
kalender"-  for  1912.  Strangely  enough,  Her- 
der's " Konversations-Lexieon ''  does  not  even 
mention  his  name. —  {Rev.)  James  Walcher  F 
■?.  St.  Cloud,  Minn. 

Congratulating  you  from  my  heart  on  th  ■ 
universal  appreciation  of  the"F.  K.,  I  send 
you  my  renewal  for  tAvo  years.  What  Avill 
they  say  about  you  Avhen  you  are  dead  if  they 
call  you  ' '  blessed "  whilst  you  are  still  alive"? 
•'Vox  populi,  vox  Dei."  May  the  good  Avishes 
of  the  many  friends  of  the  F.  E.,  as  express- 
ed in  the  "Excerpts  from  Letters"  appear- 
ing in  its  pages  for  the  last  year  or  more, 
))e  fulfilled  and  serve  as  a  sweet  balm  to  the 
occasional  Avounds  Avhich  an  honest  editor  is 
bound    to    receive    from    time    to    time    from 


friend  and   foe!  —  illcr.)    Otto  Meier,   Colui 
hin.   111. 


A  hardware  clerk  says  that  the  flapper 
reminds  him  of  a  bungaloAA — painted  in  front, 
siiingled    on    top,    and    uitli    no    ujiper    story. 


MINER 


ENGRAVINGfrn 


STENCILS  ^METAL  CHECKS.'  | 

-^€>T.LgmS.^  j 


HENRY  P.  HESS 

ARCHITECT 

S.  W.  Cor.  Taylor  &  Page  Ave. 

OfiFice   Tel.    Del.    5648 
Residence   Forest    7040 


Kstablished   1876 


THE  KALETTA  COMPANY 


CHURCH   STATUARY 

ALTARS,  RAILS 

CHURCH      FURNISHINGS 


Composition  Marble 

Terra  Cotta  Wood 

Cement  Stone 

Mosaics   and  Oil    Paintings 

3715-21  California  Avenue 

ST.    LOUIS.    MO. 


Desians   submitted 


Cataloguac 


Chalices  and  Ciboriums  Regilded 
Gold  and  Silver 


We  have  Episcopal  permission 
for  Gold  Plating  and  Repairing 
of   Consecrated  Sacred  Vessels. 

Candlesticks,  Censers,  etc. 
Eevamished 

Mueller  Plating  Co. 

922  Pine  St.,  Second  floor, 
ST.  LOUIS,  MO. 


lf)25 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    EEVTEW 


571 


BOOK  REVIEWS 


Chaucer's    Nuns    and    Other    Essays 

"Chaucer's  Xims  and  Other  Essars, " 
By  Sister  M.  Madeleva,  C.  S.  C,  Ph.  D., 
Author  of  "Knights  Errant".  (D. 
Appleton  and  Co.) 

Among  thoughtful  Catholics,  it  is  a  truism 
To  affirm  the  fundamental  participation  of 
The  Church  in  the  cultural  history  of  the 
Christian  era.  As  the  exponent  of  eternal 
Truth,  with  its  divine  origin  perennially 
proven  by  its  power  to  draAV  humanity  to 
God,  what  more  natural  than  that  the  in- 
liuence  of  the  Catholic  faith  should  illumin- 
ate both  the  jjages  of  history  and  the  liter- 
ature of  nations?  Even  more  imperishable 
than  chiseled  stone  or  the  masterpieces  of 
u lowing  pigment,  is  the  inevitattle  imprint, 
upon  the  literature  of  a  people,  of  the  spir- 
itual norm  by  which  they  live.  Though  this 
salient  fact  is  more  often  studiously  disre- 
garded than  openly  denied  by  tliose  who  take 
no  account  of  this  mystical  kinship  with  the 
enduring  experiences  of  human  nature,  para- 
doxically enough,  historical  fact  and  literary 
expression  alike  often  defy  interpretation  ex- 
cept in  terms  of  Catholic  dogma,  customs, 
or  tradition. 

It  is  particularly  in  this  collection  of  schol- 
arly essays,  by  a  Sister  of  the  Holy  Cross, 
that  one  senses  profoundly  the  spiritual  as- 
pect of  her  critical  approach  to  a  group  of 
subjects  which  swing  the  interesting  gamut 
from  ''The  Canterbury  Tales"  to  the  famil- 
iar modern  essay.  Distinguished  by  bril- 
liancy and  vivacity  of  style,  this  volume 
charms  the  reader  by  the  very  easualness 
with  which  the  author  ably  discources  "Cha^i- 
eer's  Nuns",  the  poetry  of  Edna  St.  Vincent 
Millay,  the  religious  poetry  of  the  nineteenth 
centurj',  or  the  prose  of  Francis  Thompson. 
Belightful  as  they  all  are,  the  initial  essay 
dominates  the  entire  group  and  is  of  such 
compelling  interest  that  one  reads  it  with 
mounting  pleasure,  and  then,  enchanted  by 
the  very  thought  of  it,  reads  it  again  and 
again.  As  Doctor  Lehman,  Associate 
Professor  in  the  L^niversity  of  California, 
says  in  his  foreword  to  the  book,  '  *  It  is 
an  essay  wliich  no  library,  no  lover  of  Chaucer, 
no  student  of  the  religious  life  in  communi- 
ties can  do  without. " '  Sister  Madeleva  's 
study  of  the  nuns  in  ' '  The  Canterbury 
T.-iles, "  marked  as  it  is  by  profound  research, 
by  evidence  of  scholarly  attainments,  and  by 
an  intimate  knowledge  of  the  essential  depth 
and  beauty  of  the  religious  life,  is  a  contri- 
bution to  Chaucerian  interpretation  and  criti- 
cism wliich  has,  perhaps,  never  been  achieved 
before.  It  is  preciselj'  because  she  sets  the 
nuns  against  the  background  of  the  environ- 
ment in  which  they  lived — makes  them  a  part 
of  the  fabric  of  the  panorama  of  fourteenth 
century  life — and  throws  the  discerning  light 
of    Catholic   belief    and   practice   upon   them, 


that  she  has  given  them  a  distinctly  new 
and  notable  significance.  For  possibly  the 
first  time  in  the  five  hundred  years  since  that 
"merrye  companye"  Avended  its  way  to 
Canterbury,  ' '  the  only  blisf ul  martir  for  to 
seeke ' ',  these  nuns  have  been  accorded  sym- 
pathetic reality  by  one,  who,  herself,  lives 
by  the  modified  Eule  of  St.  Benedict,  shares 
their  unchanging  faith,  and  knows  the  liturgy, 
discipline,  and  mystical  power  of  that  Rule. 

A  happy  coalition  of  the  author's  dual  rich- 
ness of  mind  and  soul  with  her  gay  humor, 
deep  religious  insight,  her  charm  and  orig- 
inality of  expression,  this  literary  bijou 
will  be  an  inspiration  to  every  Catholic  reader 
and  n   revelation  to  many  outside  the  Church, 

Marion  McCandless 
Pinckncvville,  Illinois. 


Literary  Briefs 

—The  V.  Rev.  Fr.  Ilugoliuus  Storff,  O.  F. 
M.,  has  written  a  learned  treatise  on  "The 
Immaculate  Conception,"  in  which  he  sets 
forth  the  teaching  of  St.  Thomas,  St. 
Bonaventure,  and  Bl.  Duns  Scotus,  and  re- 
plies to  an  article  by  the  Rev.  P.  Lumbreras, 
O.  P.,  in  the  Homiletic  and  Pastoral  Beview, 
which  later  appeared  in  the  form  of  a 
brochure.  As  Fr.  Hugolinus  gives  a  simple 
yet  thorough  exposition  of  the  great  doc- 
trines of  original  justice,  original  sin,  the 
sanctification  of  Mary,  and  the  motive  of  the 
Incarnation,  which  underly  the  dogma  of  the 
Immaculate  Conception,  his  book  will  be  of 
value  to  all  students  of  theology,  even 
though  they  are  not  directly  interested  in  the 
controversy  between  the  author  and  Fr. 
Lumbreras.  (St.  Francis  Press,  340  Sansome 
Str.,  San  Francisco,  Cal.) 

— The  Rev.  John  Brunsmann,  S.  V.  D.,  pro- 
fessor of  apologetics  in  the  seminary  of  the 
Society  of  the  Divine  Word  at  St.  Gabriel, 
near  Vienna,  has  published  the  first  volume  of 
a  "Lehrbuch  der  Apologetik."  On  403  pages 
this  volume  deals  with  natural  religion  and 
supernatural  revelation,  its  nature,  necessity, 
cognoscibility,  and  historic  reality.  The 
treatment  of  the  subject  is  thorough  and 
up-to-date,  and,  as  in  Msgr.  Pohle's  dogma- 
tic text-books,  one  is  reminded  of  the  old 
scholastic  method  only  by  an  occasional  thesis, 
where  the  nature  of  the  subject  makes  this 
sort  of  argumentation  more  convincing.  The 
author  is  an  able  pupil  of  Dr.  Wni.  Schmidt, 
S.  V.  D.,  and  his  treatment  of  ethnological 
topics  and  of  the  history  of  religions  is  abreast 
of  the  very  latest  researches.  A  second 
volume  is  to  embrace  the  other  topics  general- 
ly treated  in  text-books  of  fundamental 
theology,- — the  Church,  the  Roman  pontificate, 
etc.  (St.  Gabriel  bei  Wien,  Verlag  der  Mis- 
sionsdruckerei). 

— In  his  latest  contribution  to  social  science 
Fr.  H.  S.  Spalding,  S.  J.,  has  followed  the 
method  which  has  enriched  manv  modern  text- 


372 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


September  1 


WiDMER  Engineering  Company 


ARCHITECTS 


LACLEDE  GAS  BUILDING 
ST.  LOUIS      -      MO. 


books  in  various  college  subjects.  That  is,  he 
has  added  topics  for  discussion  and  abundant 
references,  so  that  the  text  does  not  present  a. 
lifeless  treatment  of  the  subject,  but  becomes 
the  basis  for  fruitful  and  practical  study  of 
the  topics  considered.  These  topics  prac- 
tically cover  the  field  of  what  sociologists 
generally  designate  as  ' '  social  problems. ' ' 
But  Fr.  Spalding  brings  a  new  viewpoint  to 
the  discussion,  in  as  much  as  he  allows  re- 
presentative students  of  such  problems  to 
give  us  the  result  of  years  of  experience.  The 
book  is  the  result  of  careful  editing  of  articles 
written  by  a  number  of  practical  students 
of  social  questions.  A  little  confusion  is  apt 
to  arise  by  placing  chapters  on  "The  Social 
Settlement"  and  on  "Coal  Miners'  Unions" 
in  the  wrong  place.  Should  they  not  have 
been  put  under  Part  II, — * '  Social  Problems 
as  Solved  bv  Organized  Agencies"'  There 
is  a  useful  list  of  charts  and  diagrams  Avhich 
elucidate  the  text.  Teachers  will  find  the 
volume  very  useful  in  courses  ou  social  prob- 
lems. ("Social  Problems  and  Agencies," 
edited  by  Henry  S.  Spalding,  S.  J. ;  Benziger 
Brothers). 

— Two  large  octavo  volumes  ou  the  Old 
Testament  from  the  pen  of  Giuseppe  Ricciotti, 
Canon  Regular  of  the  Lateran,  wei'e  recently 
(1924)  published  by  the  House  of  Marietti 
in  Turin,  Italy.  The  first,  a  volume  of  100 
pages,  "Le  Lamentazioni  di  Geremia;  "  the 


second  a  volume  of  258  pages,  "II  Libro  di 
Giobbe. ' '  In  the  preface  to  the  first  volume 
the  author  regretfully  confesses  that,  in  the 
thirty  years  since  the  Encyclical  "Providen- 
tissimus "  was  issued  (1893)  to  promote  the 
scientific  study  of  the  Bible,  very  little  has 
been  done  in  Italy  to  comply  Avith  the  re- 
quest of  Leo  XIII.  Heeding  the  papal  in- 
vitation, the  author  previously  published  a 
commentary  on  the  Book  of  Jeremias  (Turin, 
1923);  he  continues  his  work  on  the  Bible 
as  one  crying, — not,  however,  in  the  desert, — 
to  urge  others  to  follow  his  example.  After 
a  preliminary  treatment  of  the  questions  of 
special  introduction  in  each  of  the  two  vol- 
umes, the  author  gives  a  critical  translation  of 
the  Hebrew  original,  explaining  and  justifying 
in  the  notes  any  deviation  from  the  traditional 
Massoretic  text.  In  the  commentary  to  the 
text  he  explains  the  literal  sense  according  to 
the  grammatical  and  historical  rules  of  bibli- 
cal hermeneutics.  Though  the  commentary  is 
not  very  extensive,  is  seems  sufficient  to  give 
the  reader  a  fair  appreciation  and  a  correct 
understanding  of  Lamentations  and  Job. — 
Joseph  Molitor. 

— With  the  thirteenth  edition  of  "Christian 
Denominations, ' '  by  the  Rev.  Virgil  H.  KruU, 
C.  PP.  S.  (John  'W.  Winterich,  Cleveland, 
O.),  35,000  copies  of'  this  useful  book  are 
scattered  over  the  world.  The  author  has 
compressed    into    uarroAv   limits    a    wealth   of 


1925 


THK  FOtr^^•I(lHTL^'  revvrw 


"Christian   Denominations" 

'  *  Christian  Denominations,' '  by  Eev.  V. 
Krull,  C.  PP.  S.,  contains  a  short  but  re- 
liable history  of  the  various  Christian  De- 
nominations found  in  America.  Besides 
the  information  concerning  the  various 
churches  it  contains  a  refutation  of  the 
main  errors  found  in  the  various  sects. 
A  questionnaire  inserted  at  certain  inter- 
vals is  very  helpful  to  a  comprehensive 
study  of  the  book. 

No  other  book  on  religion  has  such  fas- 
cination for  students  as  ' '  Christian  De- 
nominations ' '.  It  may  be  called  a  history 
that  is  interspersed  hy  doctrinal  informa- 
tion. 

"We  have  used  'Christian  Denomina- 
tions' in  St.  Peter  and  Paul's  High  School 
for  a  textbook;  and  we  recommend  this 
textbook  to  every  Catholic  high  school  in 
America,  knowing  from  experience  that  the 
pupils  will  like  the  book  and  benefit  by 
it."— Supt.  SS.  Peter  and  Paul'?'  Pligli 
School,  Ottaw.H,  Ohio. 


I'ublislicil     by 

JOHN  W.  WINTERICH,  Cleveland"  a 

Price,       Cloth,       $1;        Paper,       35c 


THE  EC: 


A  Superior  Catholic  Newspaper 


The  Ave  Maria  of  Notre  Dame, 
Ind.,  August  8,  1925,  makes  the 
followiiio'  reference  to  The  Echo  -. 

"The  Echo  ....  Is  one  of  the 
)iiost  enferprishuj  and  carefulhj 
edited  of  American  Catholic  News- 
papers." 

It  is  rarely  that  Father  Hud- 
son, the  scholarly  editor  of  the  Arc 
Maria,  praises  a  contemporary  so 
unreservedlv. 


We    shall   be    glad   to    send   you   sample 
copies  upon  request 


THE  ECHO 

564  Dodge  St.  Buffalo.  N.  Y. 


information  about  the  history  and  teachings 
of  the  leading  Christian  denominations  found 
in  this  country,  in  their  relation  to  Catholic 
truth.  His  work  possesses  apologetic  value. 
For  a  new  edition  we  would  suggest  that  the 
statistics,  which,  are  mostly  of  1911  or  there- 
abouts, be  brought  up  to  date  and  chapters 
lie  added  on  some  of  the  more  important 
minor  denominations. 

— "Jesus  and  His  Pets"  is  the  title  of  a 
little  volume  of  "mission  and  retreat  talks 
to  children, ' '  compiled  by  the  Eev.  Fulgence 
Meyer,  O.  F.  M.,  already  favorably  known 
Ijy  his  book  ' '  Uni  Una. ' '  The  matter  here 
presented  is  grouped  under  four  headings — 
First  Dav:  Jesus  Calls  You;  Second  Day: 
Jesus  Cleanses  and  Heals  You;  Third  Day: 
.Jesus  Xourishes  and  Strengthens  You;  Fourth 
Day:  .losus  Loves  and  Keeps  You.  The  talks 
are  addressed  to  children  from  the  fourth 
grade  up  and  are  written,  not  in  infantile 
jargon,  liut  in  the  language  of  ordinary  con- 
versation. (For  sale  by  the  author  at  St. 
Anthony's  ^Monastery,  R'.  R.  9,  Xo.  254,  Cin- 
cinnati, O.) 

— "The  Chaplain  of  St.  Catherine's,"  by 
the  Eev.  Herman  J.  Heuser,  D.  D. 
(Longmans),  is  a  book  that  appeals  special- 
ly to  the  reverend  clergy.  In  its  pages  a 
number  of  genial  and  cultured  priests  discuss 
a  variety  of  subjects  of  particular  interest  to 
the  cloth,  such  as  ecclesiastical  preferments, 
testimonials  and  receptions  to  pastors,  the 
theology  of  gardens,  the  symbolism  of  flowers, 
the  sacristy,  the  sanctuary,  art,  and  (last  but 
not  least)  tobacco,  there  being  no  less  than 
three  chapters  concerned  either  directly  or 
indirectly  witli  smoking.  The  book  is  full  of 
wise  sayings  and  jiervaded  by  a  quiet  humor 
\\hich  makes  it  delightful  reading. 

— Sister  M.  Fides  Shepperson,  of  the  Sis- 
ters of  Mercy,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  has  written 
as  a  dissertation  for  the  doctorate,  "A  Com- 
parative Study  of  St.  Thomas  Aquinas  and 
Herbert  Spencer  ",  Avhich  shows, — quod  minime 
reris! — that  these  two  philosophers  have 
mucli  in  common  and  that  the  chief  diifer- 
ence  in  their  viewjaoints  arises  from  the  fact 
tl.at  Aquinas  considered  a  static  order  of 
things,  whereas  Spencer  considered  a  devel- 
opment order.  Has  Spencer  added  anything 
to  the  sum-total  of  human  knowledge  by  hi;: 
doctrine  of  the  Unknowable?  The  author 
does  not  think  so,  but  suggests  that  he  has 
' '  brought  forth — though  Avith  monumental  la- 
bor— a  philosophical  nuance. ' '  As  she  im- 
mediately after  cjuotes  Horace's  famous  dic- 
tum, ' '  Parturiunt  niontes  .  .  .  .,' '  we  pre- 
sume she  means  that  Spencer  brought  forth 
a  philosophical  mouse.  Also  in  other  places 
the  dissertation  is  disfigured  by  misprints, 
which  is  about  the  only  criticism  we  have 
to  make.  (Copies  can  be  had  by  addressing 
Dr.  Fides  Shepperson,  St.  Xavier  Academy, 
Latrobe,  Pa.) 


a74 


■I'lii;    i'()i;-r\i(.i!'ii.\     i,'i:\m-;\v 


Sejitciiilicr    1 


— ■"  P;ir:ilil('s  f(ir  (ti-()\v]i- Up  Children,"'  \i} 
s.  M.  ('..(SmucIs  \  CO.  and  B.  Herder  Bonk 
•  '().  )  are  meditations  by  an  English  Dominicnn 
uuu,  on  various  aspects  of  the  supernatural 
life, — each  "a  prayer  under  the  guise  of  a 
picture  or  a  story,"  as  Fr.  Edwin  Essex,  O. 
P.,  says  in  his  Foreword.  Only  the  listen- 
ing ear  and  the  seeing  eye  will  be  able  to 
capture  the  message  of  truth  and  beauty 
which  these  "parnbles"  are  intended  to  con- 
vey. 

— The  first  volume  of  Dr.  Frederick  J. 
Zwierlein's  long-expected  work,  "The  Life 
and  Letters  of  Bishop  McQuaid"  (Rochester, 
M".  Y. :  The  Art  Print  Shop)  appears  as  a 
part  of  the  ' '  Eecueil  de  Travaux  Publiees 
par  les  Membres  des  Conferences  d'Histoire 
et  de  Philologie"  of  the  University  of  Lou- 
vaia  and  bears  the  imprimatur  of  the  Magis- 
ter  S.  Palatii,  the  late  lamented  Fr.  Albert 
Lepidi,  0.  P.  The  volume  deals  almost  en- 
tirely with  the  history  of  the  Diocese  of 
Rochester  before  the  episcopate  of  Dr. 
McQuaid.  Only  on  page  293  are  we  intro- 
duced to  the  hero,  whose  ancestry,  youth, 
and  early  priesthood  are  described  wath  a 
full  knowledge  of  the  sources,  a  fine 
critical  acumen,  and  laudable  frankness.  We 
hail  the  publication  of  this  work  with  joy  and 
look  forward  with  great  expectations  to  the 
ensuing  two  volumes,  which  will  contain  the 
eventful  history  of  Dr.  McQuaid  "s  episcopate. 
It  is  not  often  that  such  a  truly  great  man  as 
the  first  Bishop  of  Rochester  finds  such  a 
competent  and  honest  biographer. 

— It  Avas  a  happy  idea  to  adapt  into  En- 
glish Father  William  Gier's  instructions  on 
the  most  important  religious  exercises  of 
the  Christian  life.  The  booklet,  recently 
published  by  the  Mission  Press  of  the  So- 
ciety of  the  Divine  Word,  Techny,  111.,  is 
entitled,  ' '  How  to  Pray  Well ' '  and  com- 
prises 478  pages  in  prayer-book  format. 
After  a  chapter  describing  ' '  The  Praying 
Saviour, ' '  who  is  the  model  and  exemplar  of 
the  Christian  in  prayer,  the  author,  now  Su- 
perior General  of  the  S.  V.  D.,  descants  de- 
voutly and  impressively  on  the  prayer  of 
■  Meditation,  the  Holy  Sacrifice  of  the  Mass, 
Holy  Communion,  the  Practice  of  Making  a 
Good  Intention,  the  Daily  Examination  of 
Conscience,  Walking  in  the  Presence  of  God, 
Oral  Prayer,  the  Our  Father,  the  Holy 
Rosary,  the  Divine  Office,  Visiting  the 
Blessed  Sacrament,  the  Way  of  the  Cross, 
Weekly  Confession,  the  Final  Purpose  of 
All  Spiritual  Exercises,  Gaining  Indulgences, 
Consecration  to  the  Sacred  Heart  of  Jesus, 
Monthly  Spiritual  Renewal,  and  the  First 
Saturday  of  the  Month.  The  book  is  intend- 
ed primarily  for  religious,  who  will  find  in 
it  a  real  treasure;  but  it  may  also  be  used 
with  profit  by  devout  lay  persons.  Tllie 
translation,  aside  from  a  few  slips  which  \yi\\ 
doubtless    be    corrected    in    the    next    edition. 


Notice  of  Removal 

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1925 


THE    FOKTXKIHTLY    E.EV1EW 


The    Western 
Catholic  Union 

A   Permanent   Catholic   Fraternal 
Life  Insurance  Society 

Founded  at  Quincy,    111.,   in    1877 


Catholic  to  the  core. 

Assets  approximately 
$1,100,000. 


48  years  of  aggressive  and  successful 
operation.  Eates  of  contribution  based 
on  the  American  Experience  Table. 

Free  from  all  secret  ritualistic  work, 
pass  words,  etc.  Combines  Old  Line 
i-lecuritv    with    Fraternal    Economy. 


Our  branch  societies  are  in  reality 
parish  societies.  Admits  men,  women, 
and    children. 

Three  forms  of  certificates:  20  Pay 
Whole  Life,  Whole  Life  Special,  and 
Term  to   Age  65. 


Juvenile  Section 

Paid-up    and    extended    features    con- 
nected  with    our    certificates. 


Recognized  by  insurance  authorities 
as  the  last  word  in  economic  life  in- 
surance. 


Supreme  Office 

Western  Catholic  Union  Building 

Quincy,  111. 


reads  well,  and  we  believe  the  little  book, 
which  can  be  had  in  different,  more  or  less 
expensive  bindings,  will  become  as  popular 
in  its  English  dress  as  it  already  is  in  the 
German  original. 

New   Books   Received 

Sancti  Thoniae  Aqiiinatis  ....  In  Aristotelis 
Librum  de  Aninia  Commentarium.  Editio 
Recentissinia,  Cura  ac  Studio  R.  F.  Anareli 
M.  Pirotta,  0.  P.  xii  &  307  pp.  8vo.  Turin : 
Marietti. 

The  Virain  Birt/t.  By  Martin  J.  Scott,  S.  J. 
iv  &■  2r5  pp.  12mo.'  P.  J.  Kenedy  &  Sons. 
$2.15  postpaid. 

Le  JiibVe  Jiors  de  Borne.  Par  P.  J.  Lacau, 
S.  C.  J.  Appendice  a  ' '  Preci^nx  Tresors 
des  Indulgences."  34  pp.  16mo.  Turin:  Mar- 
ietti.    1  fr.     (Wrapper.) 

Matters  lAturfiicctl.  The  Coller-tio  Eerum  Lit- 
urijicarum  of  Eev.  Joseph  Wuest,  C.  SS.  E. 
Translated  and  Eevised  bv  Pev.  Thos.  W. 
Mullaney,  C.  SS.  E.  xii  &  630  pp.  16mo. 
Fr.  Pu.s'tet  Co.  Inc.     $3. 

The  Three  Divine  Virtues.  By  D.  I.  Lanslots, 
O.  S.  B.  X  &  222  pp.  12  mo.  Fr.  Pustet 
Co.,  Inc.     $1.50  net. 

Winninp  the  Lodge-Man.  A  Handbook  of  Se- 
cret Societies.  By  Theo.  Graebner.  Con- 
cordia Seminary.  Part  Two.  vi  &  87  pp. 
8vo.  St.  Louis,  Mo.:  Published  by  the 
Author.  3618  Texas  Ave. 

U.  P.  Mothine  Fohri  e  SoHetate  lesu  Cnn- 
cinnes  in  Evangelia  et  Festa  Totivs  Anni. 
Cui  Accedunt  eiusdem  Auctor's  Condones 
Funebres  et  Nuptiales.  Editio  Ouinta 
Taurinensis.  X  volumina,  Svo.  Tun'n  and 
Eome:  Marietti,  1923-25.  175  1.  (Wrap- 
pers.) 

TIow  to  Fray  Well.  Short  Insh-uctions  on  the 
Most  Important  Eelia:ious  Exercises.  Com- 
piled by  William  Gier,  S.  V.  D.,  Sunprior 
General  of  the  Society  of  the  Divine  Word. 
478  pp.  32mo.  Techny,  111.:  Mission  Press 
S.  v.  D.  Different  prices  according  to 
bindings. 

Mediatrix:  Fine  mariologische  Frape.  Dog- 
matiseh-kritische  Studie  von  Ferdinand 
Heinrich  Schiith,  S.  J.  354  pp.  l2mo. 
Innsbruck:  Marianiseher  Verlasr.  (Can  be 
ordered  from  Eev.  J.  Schueth,  Schnellville, 
Ind.     $1.75,  postpaid.) 

Christ  in  His  Brethren.  By  the  Rev.  Eaoul 
Plus,  S.  J.  Translated  by  Irene  Hernaman. 
vii  &  207  pp.  12mo.  Benziger  Bros.  $2.25 
net. 

Schuster-Holsanimer.  Ha)idbuch  sur  biblischen 
Gesohichte.  Fiir  den  Unterrieht  in  Kirche 
and  Schule  sowie  zur  Selbstbelehrung. 
\chte,  neubearbeitete  Auflage.  Erster 
Band.  Bearbeitet  von  Dr.  Joseph  Selbst  und 
Dr.  Edmund  Kalt.  Mit  102  Bildern  im 
Text  uud  auf  Tafelu  sowie  2  Karten.  x.\ 
&  874  pp.  Svo.  B.  Herder  Book  Co.  $7 
net. 


;J7G 


']'HK     ^OHTXlGHTL^•     IIKVIEW 


September  .1 


A  SPRINKLE  OF  SPICE 


A  priest  belonging'  to  a  religious  order,  in 
discussing  the  flippant  and  sneering  remarks 
tliat  punctured  the  Dayton  trial,  told  of  an 
apt  rejoinder  made  by  a  lav  brother.  The 
brother  was  asked:  "Can  Almighty  God 
make  a  stick  -with  only  one  end?"  and  re- 
plied "To  be  sure  he  can.  He  can  make 
(Uie  without  anv  ends.     He  can  make  a  hoo]i." 


The  SoutliWtst  Courier,  of  Oklahoma  City, 
Bishop  Kelley's  paper,  tells  this  story:  A 
fliver  owner  installed  a  carburetor  that  was 
guaranteed  to  save  thirty  iier  cent  on  fuel. 
Then  he  put  in  special  spark  plugs  guaran- 
teed to  save  thirty  per  cent.  Then  he  added 
an  intake  superheater  that  Avas  guaranteed  to 
save  thirty  per  cent.  He  next  added  a  special 
rear  axle  put  on  high  pressure  cords  that 
provided  for  a  thirty  per  cent  saving.  x\nd 
now,  with  a  fuel  economy  of  120  per  cent, 
lie  has  to  stop  every  hundred  miles  and  bail 
fuel  out  of  the  gas  tank  to  keep  it  from 
running  over.  The  priest  who  tells  that  story 
tinishes  liv  saying  he  is  in  the  market  for  a 
rar  of  that  ty]ie  to  use  on  his  missions. 

The  Irish  i''ree  State  Guvernment  has  an- 
nounced its  intention  of  broadcasting  les- 
sons in  Gaelic  throughout  the  country.  They 
are  needed  if  a  storv  going  the'  rounds  in 
Dublin  is  true.  One  of  the  Irish  govern- 
ment departments  addressed  a  letter  to  a 
German  manufacturing  fir)u  beginning  ' '  A 
chara,"  the  rest  of  tlie  letter  being  written 
in  English.  They  received  in  reply  a  letter 
beginning  "Dear  Sirs."  the  rest  of  the  lev- 
ter  being  written  in  Gaelic.  The  Department- 
had  to  send  it  to  Trinity  Tdllege  to  have  it 
translati'd! — T.nndoii  M<.nrii/i  P<ist.  Xo.  47,- 
738. 


In  a  Pennsvlvania  Sunday  school  a  young 
lady  with  philanthropic  motives  was  teach- 
ing a  dozen  or  two  little  ones  in  the  mining 
district. 

"ISTow,  wliere  did  I  tell  you  the  Saviour 
was  born?"'   she   asked   one  morning. 

■"  Allentown!  "  shrieked  a  grimv  12-year- 
old. 

"Whv,  what  do  you  mean,  Johnnie?  I 
told   you    He   was   born    in   Bethlehem." 

"Well,'"  replied  Johnnie,  "I  knowed 
"twuz  some  place  on  de  Tjchigli  A'allev  Rail- 
road. ' ' 


The  borzoi  (Russian  wolf  hound)  is  the 
trade-mark  of  Alfred  A.  Knopf  (pronounce 
Nopf"),  the  New  York  publisher.  Some  peo- 
ple imagine  that  because  his  advertising 
matter  carries  the  picture  of  a  dog,  he  must 
be  selling  dogs.  The  other  day  a  Michigan 
mountaineer  wrote  to  ]\Ir.  Knopf  as  follows: 
"Dear  Sir: — Would  you  please  let  me  have 
a  catalogue  of  your  bloodhounds,  for  I  would 
like   to   get    some   of   that    ^tin-k    (in    hand.      1 


JUST  PUBLISHED 

AN  INTRODUCTION 
TO  CHURCH  HISTORY 

A    Book    for    Beginners 

By  The 

REV.  PETER  GUILDAY,  Ph.  D. 

Cloth,  8vo.,  VIII  &  350  pages 

Net  $2.00 

I  HAD  tlic  pleasure  of  readm".  tlii., 
work  in  its  proof  sheets  and  I  feel 
cei'tain  that  the  author  has  made  a  se- 
rious contribution  to  the  advancement  of 
critical  scholarship  in  this  country,  that 
it  will  fill  a  badly  felt  need  in  our  schools 
and  colleges,  and  that  it  will  go  far  to 
improve  the  methods  of  reading  and 
studying,  Church  History  in  our  Semi- 
naries. The  author's  grasp  of  histori- 
cal method,  his  realization  of  what  is 
needed  to  stimulate  historical  studies,  h".s 
vision  of  what  can  and  how  it  should  be 
accomplished,  his  tireless  energy  in  do- 
ing everything  calculated  to  promote 
scientific  study  of  Church  History,  his 
captivating  personality  which  makes 
itself  felt  in  all  his  Avritings,  and  his 
mastery  of  st3de,  all  combine  to  fit  him 
perfectly  for  the  great  task  to  which  he 
is   consecrating   his  life. 

May  his  book  be  truly  appreciated! 

May  God  bless  with  success  his  am- 
bitious plans  to  bring  together  all  Cath- 
olic scholars  of  Church  History  in  the 
association  he  has  founded;  may  the  re- 
view he  organized  and  edited  contmue; 
may  his  seminar  continue  to  produce 
trained  historical  scholars;  may  the  cen- 
tral Catholic  libraries  and  archives  he  is 
promoting  be  provided;  may  the  new  In- 
stitute for  American  Church  History  at 
the  Catholic  University  be  founded; — in 
one  word,  may  he  be  spared  to  continue 
this  movement — this  great  movement  he 
is  promoting  for  History,  for  the  Church 
and  for  America. 

Ilev.  Edward  J.   Uickei/.   Ph.  B. 

B.  Herder  Book  Co. 

17    South   Broadway,         St.   Louis,   Mo. 


1925 


THE  FOETXIGHTLY  REVIEW 


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GRAYMOOR'S  SHRINE  TO  ST.  ANTHONY 

Perpetual    Novena    to    the    Wonder- Worker    of    Padua 

"The   sea   obeys   and   fetters   break, 

And   lifeless  limbs   thou  dost   restore. 

Whilst   treasures   lost   are    found   again, 

When    young    or    old   thine   aid   implore." 

These  words,  composed  by  St.  Bonaventure,  a  contemporary  of  St. 
Anthony  of  Padua,  havt-  lieen  echoed  by  millions  of  Catholics  during 
the  past  seven  hundred  years  out  of  the  conviction  confirmed  by  their 
own  experience  of  ilie  Wonder-T\''orking  Power  of  St.  Anthony  of 
Padua, 

It  would  be  difficult  to  find  a  Catholic  Church  in  the  United  States 
that  does  not  contain  a  Statue  of  St.  Anthony.  But  the  best  known  Shrine  of  the 
Saint  in  Ainerica  is  probably  that  of  the  Graymoor  Friars  on  the  Mount  of  the  Atonement. 

By  participating  in  the  Perpetual  Xovena  to  St.  Antliony  conducted  by  the  Graymoor 
Fathers — a  new  Novena  beginning  every  Tuesday — thousands  upon  thousands  of  the 
Clients  of  the   Wonder-Worker  of  Padua  have  obtained   their  petitions. 

The  Readers  of  THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW  are  invited  to  follow  their  example 
and  test  for  themselves  the  efficiency  of  this  special  Novena. 


SOME    RECENT 

Mrs.  .T.  H.  B.,  Alberta:  "A  few  weeks  ago 
my  eldest  son  wrote  to  you  asking  your 
prayers  that  he  miglit  obtain  a  position 
through  St.  Anthony's  intercession.  He 
obtained  one  very  soon  after,  in  spite  of 
the  fact  that  positions  are  scarce,  and 
there  are  so  many  unemployed.  And  it  is 
so  suitable  to  him.  He  is  ready  for  Uni- 
versity, but  we  liad  not  the  means  to  send 
him.  Now  he  can  pay  his  own  way.  He 
and  all  of  us  are  deeply  grateful  to  dear 
St.  Anthony  for  obtaining  this  blessing 
for  us  from  Our  Dear  Lord." 

Minneapolis,    Minn.:      "Enclosed    find    my 
SEND    YOUR    PETITIONS    TO    ST. 
Friars  of  the  Atonement, 


TESTIMONIALS 

check  for  five  dollars,  which  I  promised 
St.  Anthony  for  a  favor  that  I  thought 
next  to  Impossible.  Through  tlie  Good 
Saint's  intercession  I  received  exactly 
what  I  desired,  and  much  more  than  [ 
ever  hoped  for.  Needless  to  say,  I  am 
very,   very  grateful." 

Mrs.  M.  E.  H.,  Baltimore:  "Enclosed  find 
offering  in  honor  of  St.  Anthony  for  fav- 
ors granted.  I  thank  you  for  your  prayers 
for  my  husljand  in  your  Perpetual  No- 
vena, as  he  has  not  touched  a  drink  for 
six  months,  and  I  hope  he  will  stay  away 
from  it  for  life." 
ANTHONY'S  GRAYMOOR  SHRINE 
Box  316,  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 


Church   Bazaars,    Festivals,    etc. 

Church  Institutions  have  been  buying  our 
goods  with  perfect  satisfaction  for  over 
thirty  years.  This  is  because  we  carry 
a  large  selection  of  merchandise  especial- 
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Our  Goods  Assure  Profits 
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This  large  catalogue  free 
to  Clergymen  and  buying 
committees. 

We  can  refer  to  hundreds 
of  Catholic  Churches. 
Our   Catalog — 
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Wholesale  Merchandise 


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POSITION  WANTED,  as  choir  director  and 
organist,  by  a  man  competent  in  plain  chant, 
harmony,  rubrics,  counterpoint,  etc.  Am 
willing  to  serve  wherever  a  man  is  wanted  to 
direct  the  music  according  to  the  will  of  the 
Church.  I  am  a  pupil  of  the  late  Professor 
John  Singenberger,  of  St.  Francis,  Wis.  Ad- 
dress A.  B.  C,  c/o  Fortnightly  Eeview. 


The  Symphonic  Organ 

Product   of   the 

E.  F.  Walcker  &  Co. 

Established    A.    D.    1786 

Organ   Building    Firm, 

Ludwigsburg,  Germany. 

is  -lua-anteed  of  the  Higliest  Tonal 
!'<'rloetion,  jukI  Mcist  Perfect  Coustruc- 
;i(in,   l^y  Builders  and  Designer. 

//    irlll   pay    cliurches   to  investigate  the 
merits  of  tliis  organ. 

\  !i  its  smaller  sizes  it  is  being  built  in  St. 
I.  mis,   under  tlie  persenal   supervision  of 

ADOLPH  B.  SUESS 

Art    Church   Furnishings 

Forty   Years  Expert  Designer 


1314   Lynch   Ave., 


East  St.   Louis,   111. 


X.B.— Walcker  built  the  great  Boston  Music 
Hall  organ  of  89  stops  in  1866.  Likewise  soon 
thereafter  the  organs  in  First  Church  and  in 
Norwich  Church,  tonal  wonders  of  their  time. 
Their  pipes  still  produce  wonderful  music — 
Sixtj'  years— A  Record  of  Tone. 

Two  great  new  organs  erected  this  year — 
City  Hall,  Stockholm,  Sweden,  7939  pipes,  130 
stops,  6  manual.  Cathedral  Cork,  Ireland, 
64  stops,  3904  pipes,  4  manual.  Eight  new- 
organs  for  the  United  States  thus  far  this 
year. 


NOTICE  OF  REMOVAL 

The  "CAECILIA" 

a  monthly  devoted  to  CATH- 
OLIC CHURCH  and  SCHOOL 
MUSIC,  is  now  edited  and  pub- 
lished in  Mundelein,   111. 

Annual  suhscription  price  $2.00. 

Address: 

Otto  A.  Singenberger 

St.   Mary  of  the   Lake  Seminary 
MUNDELEIN,  ILL. 


The  Fortnightly  Review 


VOL.  XXXII,  NO.  18 


ST.  LOUIS,  MISSOURI 


Sept.  loth.  1925 


CHRONICLE  AND  COMMENT 


End  of  the  "Malines  Conferences" 

The  report  that  Cardinal  Mercier 
had  admitted  the  failure  of  the  "Ma- 
lines Conferences ' '  will  have  been  read 
with  relief  by  those  who  knew  from  the 
first  that  such  Conferences  could  never 
have  been  even  inaugurated  save 
through  the  influence  of  a  mutual  mis- 
apprehension. "The  Catholics  con- 
cerned," says  the  Month  (No.  734), 
"did  not  realize  the  true  nature  of 
Anglicanism,  nor  did  the  Anglicans 
understand  the  true  nature  of  Catho- 
licism. AVhether  the  Catholics  aro 
now  better  informed,  we  cannot  say : 
but  the  Cardinal's  admission  gives  us 
hope.  That  the  Anglicans  unhappily 
are  not,  we  have  many  indications :  in 
their  regard,  the  Conferences  seem  to 
have  been  practically  useless.  They 
have  learnt  nothing  they  might  not 
have  learnt  in  any  presbytery  parlor : 
they  have  not  even  learnt  that.  Why 
should  they,  as  intelligent  men,  have 
approached  Cardinal  Mercier,  unless 
they  thought  that  he  had  something 
new  to  tell  them  about  the  Church's 
view  of  their  position?  Necessarily 
disappointed  in  that  respect,  they 
might  at  least  have  learnt  the  old  doc- 
trine. But  even  now,  after  these  four 
discussions,  none  of  them  seems  to  have 
realized  that  the  Catholic  Church  can- 
not accept  any  ecclesiastical  body, 
separate  from  herself,  as  belonging  to 
the  Church  of  Christ.  The  schismatic 
Churches  of  the  East  she  regards  as 
dead  branches  severed  from  the  Vine, 
although  through  God's  mercy  still 
mediating  grace  to  hoJia  fidp.  believers 
by  means  of  their  valid  Sacraments. 
But  the  other  so-called  Churches  have 
never,  in  her  view,  been  attached  to  the 
Vine  at  all,  and  thus  are  not  even  dead 


branches.  Owing  to  the  universality  of 
the  baptismal  rite,  their  members,  if 
validly  baptized  and  not  consciously  in 
heresy  or  grievous  sin,  are  reckoned  as 
belonging,  according  to  the  common 
metaphor,  to  the  soul  of  the  Church, 
but  do  not  participate  in  her  corporate 
privileges.  Catholic  doctrine  holds  that 
to  this  second  class  belongs  the  Angli- 
can Church,  set  up  by  the  State  at  the 
Reformation  alongside  the  true  Catho- 
lic Church,  and  therefore  possessing  in 
the  eyes  of  Rome  no  standing  as  a 
Church  at  all,  any  more  than  do  the 
Methodists  or  the  Society  of  Friends." 
So  far  from  being  a  help,  therefore, 
the  Malines  Conversations  have  now 
become  a  hindrance  to  the  conversion 
of  England. 

A  Clerical  Colonel  in  Morocco 

The  case  of  Col.  Freydenbvirg  once 
again  illustrates  the  folly  of  the  system 
under  which  priests  of  God  are  com- 
pelled to  bear  arms.  Freydenburg, 
whose  name  has  been  repeatedly  men- 
tioned in  the  reports  from  Morocco,  is 
a  Catholic  priest.  In  the  World  War 
he  was  called  to  the  colors  and  fought 
so  valiantly  around  Verdun  and  Dou- 
aumont  that  he  rose  to  the  rank  of 
colonel.  After  the  War  this  clerical 
colonel  M'as  sent  by  his  superiors  as  a 
missionary  to  Morocco.  AVhen  the 
trouble  w'ith  the  natives  began,  he  was 
again  called  to  serve  as  a  soldier  under 
Marshal  Lyauty.  "What  sort  of  an 
idea,"  .justly  queries  the  Kath- 
Kirch enzeit mi g  of  Salzburg,  one  of 
the  most  widely  read  and  most  highly 
respected  organs  of  Catholic  opinion  in 
Central  Europe,  "must  the  Riffians 
gain  of  a  religion,  whose  representa- 
tives only  yesterday  preached  the  ex- 
act opposite  of  what  they  do  to-day  by 


380 


TIIK  FOHTXIGHTL^'    IJKNIKW 


Septc'iiilicr   15 


their  action  in  taking  up  arms  and 
meeting  the  people  as  the  agents  of  an 
exclusively  military  and  political 
])OA^'er  .-'  Would  there  be  reason  to  won- 
der if  the  Moroccans  refused  to  have 
anything  to  do  with  such  a  religion? 
What  makes  the  matter  still  w'orse  is 
the  fact  that  the  Catholic  press  of 
T'rance  not  only  does  not  feel  this  con- 
tradiction with  all  its  sorry  imi)li- 
cations,  but  openly  prides  itself  on 
this  courageous  'priest  -  soldier'.' " 
(1925,  No.  29).  It  is  indeed  difficult 
to  understand  such  folly. 

For  the  Promotion  of  Good  Literature 

To  counteract  the  evil  influence  of 
such  organizations  as  the  "Deutsclie 
Buchgemeinschaft"  and  the  "A'olks- 
verband  der  Biicherfreunde,"  which 
circulate  a  lot  of  infidel  and  salacious 
literature,  German  Catholics  at  Bonn 
have  established  a  "Buchgemeinde,"* 
which  furnishes  three  bound  volumes 
annually  for  the  moderate  contribution 
of  nine  marks  (about  $2).  The  first 
volume  for  1925  is  "Tausend  Jahre 
rheinischer  Kunst,"  by  Prof.  Dr. 
Reiners,  a  richly  illustrated  oeuvre  de 
luxe,  which  tells  the  story  of  the  Catho- 
lic Rhineland's  artistic  activities  during 
the  past  ten  centuries.  The  second  is 
to  l)e  a  historical  novel  dealing  with 
the  time  of  St.  Engelbert,  and  the  third 
a  new^  German  translation  of  the  Gos- 
pels and  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles  by 
Prof.  Fritz  Tillmann.  The  new  organ- 
ization has  the  approval  of  Cardinal 
Bertram  and  will,  it  is  hoped,  not  only 
place  many  good  l)ooks  into  Catholic 
homes,  but  also  be  a  liel])  to  the  cause 
of  Catliolic  literature  generally,  for 
many  a  good  book  that  would  otherwise 
remain  un])ublislied  will  find  an  ade- 
quate distril)ution  if  circulated  by  a 
co-operative  organization  like  the 
"Bonner  Buchgemeinde."  The  exam- 
id  e  is  Avoi'thy  of  imitation  elsewhere. 

The  Marismhill  Mission 

A  German  member  of  the  Marianhill 
Mission  ("ongregation  has  lately  pub- 
lished a  book  entitled  ''Die  Marian- 
hiller  Mission  1882-1922"  (Wiirzburg  : 
Frjinkische        Gesellsehaftsdruckerei) , 


which  ought  to  be  adapted  into  En- 
glish, to  help  along  the  work  of  the 
American  branch  of  the  Congregation, 
which  publishes  tlie  Apostle  at  Detroit. 
The  Marianhill  Monastery  in  South 
Africa  was  originally  a  Trappist  foun- 
dation, established  by  Fr.  Franz  Pfan- 
ner,  of  Mariastern  in  Bosnia,  who  had 
such  a  warm  champion  in  the  American 
Catholic  press  thirty  years  ago  in  the 
person  of  Mr.  Johann  Baptist  Midler, 
editor  of  the  Stimme  der  Wahrhclf.  In 
1885  the  priorate  was  raised  to  the 
rank  of  an  abbey.  For  more  than  forty 
years  its  inmates,  whose  number  grad- 
ually rose  to  over  three  hundred, 
worked  with  much  zeal  and  success 
among  the  native  kaffir  tribes.  In  1909 
the  Holy  See  separated  the  Marianhill 
community  from  the  Trappist  Order 
and  erected  it  into  an  independent  mis- 
sion congregation.  As  such  it  has  con- 
tinued its  salutary  work  and,  unlike 
many  other  mission  stations,  suffered 
but  little  from  the  World  AVar.  Abbot 
Klotz,  O.S.B.,  who  visited  Marianhill  a 
few  years  ago,  refers  to  it  as  follows  in 
one  of  his  books:  "Marianhill!  Like  a 
hymn  on  prayer  and  labor  it  lies  among 
the  hills.  The  prayers  of  the  monks 
ascend  to  heaven  like  incense,  while 
their  labors  fall  like  dew  u])on  the 
earth. ' ' 

We  cordially  recommend  to  our 
readers  this  worthy  mission,  repre- 
sented in  the  U.  S.  by  Father  M. 
Thomas,  R.M.M.,  5123  Commonwealth 
Ave.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

A  Jesuit  Brahmin 

A  vr  (Mit  study  of  tlic  mission  semi- 
nar of  Louvain.  "Un  Jesuit  Brahme" 
(Paris:  Charh^s  Bayaert).  deals  with 
tlie  life  of  Father  Ko1)crt  de  Nobili,  S. 
J.,  the  famous  nephew  of  Cardinal 
Bellarmine,  who  became,  to  all  appear- 
ances, a  Brahmin,  in  older  to  win  the 
Hindu  people  to  the  Catholic  faith.  The 
book  is  reviewed  in  the  current  issue 
(N.  S.,  Vol.  V.  No.  2,  pp.  318  sq.)  of 
the  Catholic  Historical  Review. 

The  missionaries  who  followed  St. 
Francis  Xavier  tried  to  make  their 
neophytes  Portuguese  as  well  as  Chris- 
tians, and  thereby  created  an  aversion 


19-25 


THE  FOETXIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


!S1 


to  Christianity  on  the  part  of  the  na- 
tives. Fr.  de  Nobili,  "wlio  arrived  in 
Madura  in  1604,  sought  a  remedy  by 
going  to  the  opposite  extreme :  he  be- 
came a  Brahmin,  dressing  and  living  as 
one  and  receiving  initiation  into  their 
rites.  xVfter  acquiring  a  thorough 
knowledge  of  the  language  (Max 
Miiller  calls  him  "the  first  European 
Sanskrit  scholar"")  he  made  an  ex- 
haustive study  of  the  natives  and  be- 
came convinced  that  many  of  the  cus- 
toms which  his  predecessors  had  de- 
clared illicit  were  nothing  more  than 
civil  or  social  functions.  As  a  result 
he  permitted  his  converts  to  retain 
them,  with  a  view  thus  "to  span  the 
chasm  that  had  hitherto  separated 
Christianity  from  Hinduism,  and  in- 
stead of  attempting  to  shoAv  the  natives 


that  they  were  false  in  their  present  be- 
liefs, he  made  every  concession  to  their 
prejudice  and  then  showed  how  inad- 
equate was  the  religion  which  they  pro- 
fessed in  contrast  to  Christianity." 
His  action  aroused  a  long  and  bitter 
controversy,  which  for  a  time  paralyzed 
his  method ;  but  the  barren  mission  to 
which  he  had  come  was  able  to  boast 
of  40,000  Christians  ten  years  after  his 
death. 

The  author  sounds  a  note  of  w^arning 
to  present-day  missionaries,  who  con- 
front a  similar  problem  as  that  met  by 
Nobili,  and  very  appropriately  quotes 
for  their  guidance  the  motto  which  the 
late  Pope  gave  to  missionaries  in  his 
"Maximum  illud"":  "Obliviscere  po- 
pulum  tuum  et  dunium  patris  tui. '" 


The  Psychiatric  Study  of  Conduct  Problems 

By  the  Rev.  Albert  Muntsch,   S.  J. 


The  complexity  of  modern  life 
reaches  down  into  our  schools.  Chil- 
dren are  affected  in  many  more  ways 
to-day  by  the  manifold  aspects  of  an 
ongoing  mechanical  and  industrial  civ- 
ilization than  were  the  youths  of  two 
and  three  generations  ago.  The  stren- 
uous pace  of  living,  new  social  de- 
mands, apartment-house  life,  the  break- 
ing-up  of  homes  and  families,  rapid 
means  of  transportation  from  city  to 
country'  and  vice  versa,  the  movie,  the 
radio,  new  facilities  for  travel,  novel 
methods  of  bringing  news  of  the  world 
by  word  and  picture  to  the  school- 
room, the  Sunday  supplement  and  the 
colored  comics  of  the  newspapers,  dis- 
respect for  religious  sanctions — who 
will  deny  that  these  and  many  other 
factors  have  affected  and  still  affect  the 
gi'owing  generation .' 

It  would  be  ill  advised  for  teachers 
to  join  in  the  chorus  of  condemnation 
of  the  "3'oung  generation"  and  say: 
"Children  are  not  what  they  used  to 
be;  I  do  not  know  how  all  this  will 
end. 

It  is  true  that  the  children  now  in 
our  schools  differ  considerably  in  their 


activities  and  general  attitude  towards 
life  from  those  of  a  century  ago.  But 
is  the  change  necessarily  bad?  Many 
do  not  think  so.  If  our  pupils  of  to-day 
have  many  defects,  they  possess,  no 
doubt,  many  good  qualities  not  found 
in  those  Avho  grew  up  under  a  more 
simple  regime.  A  teacher  wrote  to  me 
a  few  weeks  ag-o :  ' '  We  are  living  in  a 
very  complex  civilization.  Children's 
problems  and  their  responsibilities  are 
multiplying  rapidly.  My  own  feeling 
is  that  they  need  every  bit  of  help  that 
we  can  give  them,  so  long  as  it  is  di- 
rected towards  helping  them  to  help 
themselves. " ' 

These  words  of  an  experienced  child 
worker  stress  that  phase  of  our  question 
which  ought  to  appeal  most  to  the 
Catholic  teacher.  Interest  in  children 
and  their  behavior  problems  is  a  work 
of  divine  charity,  and  it  is  that  virtue 
which  is  the  source  of  the  Catholic 
teacher's  consecration  to  the  work  of 
the  class-room.  "Helping  children  to 
help  themselves"  in  the  new  social  de- 
mands and  the  bewildering  life  of  the 
present,  is  really  to  carry  on  the  apos- 
tolate  of  Christ,  the  model  teacher  of 


382 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


8epteml)er  15 


youth,  in  the  spirit  betitting  iieAv  times 
and  new  duties. 

It  is  gratifying-  to  note  that  those  in 
charge  of  our  schools  are  glad  to  co- 
operate with  all  the  agencies  that  make 
for  child-welfare  and  that  help  them  to 
solve  youths'  problems. 

One  of  the  most  important  institu- 
tions designed  to  cope  with  the  special 
problems  of  youth  in  the  line  of  delin- 
quency is,  of  course,  the  Juvenile. 
Court.  It  is  perhaps  one  of  the  most 
progressive  steps  in  constructive  social 
legislation  of  the  last  one  hundred  years. 
The  honor  of  launching  this  splendid 
social  project  belongs  to  Chicago.  For 
the  Illinois  State  Board  of  Public 
Charities,  the  Illinois  Federation  of 
Women's  Clubs,  the  Chicago  Bar  As- 
sociation, the  Chicago  Board  of  Edu- 
cation, and  the  Illinois  State  Confer- 
ence of  Charities,  all  interested  them- 
selves in  the  passage  of  "An  act  to 
regulate  the  treatment  and  control  of 
dependent,  neglected,  and  delinquent 
children,"  which  was  signed  April  21 
and  went  into  effect  July  1,  1899.* 
The  chief  provisions  of  the  court  are : 
separate  hearing  of  children's  cases  in 
a  court  having  chancery  rather  than 
criminal  jurisdiction;  detention  of  chil- 
dren apart  from  adult  offenders ;  and 
the  probation  system. 

Closely  connected  with  the  function- 
ing of  the  Juvenile  Court, — in  fact,  a 
logical  complement  of  its  duties, — is 
the  psychopathic  clinic,  or  as  it  is  moi-c 
frequently  called,  the  psychiatric 
clinic.  This  clinic  is  for  all  "problem 
children," — not  only  for  those  who 
show  a  marked  psychopathic  tendency, 
that  is,  derangement  of  mental  function, 
but  for  all  children  guilty  of  serious, 
persistent  misconduct  that  cannot  be 
explained  as  due  to  mere  childish  wil- 
fulness, stubborness  or  malice.  I  a«rce 
with  the  Pittsburgh  Principals '  Club  in 
the  opinion  that  "principals  of  schools 
should  refer  to  the  Juvenile  Court  (and 
hence  to  the  psychiatric  clinic)  only 
such  cases  as  involve  viciousuess,  im- 

*The  Chicago  Juvenile  Court,  by  Helen 
Ranken  Jeter,  U.  S.  Department  of  Labor, 
Children's  Bureau,  Publication  No.  10-1. 


moi-ality,  and  the  breaking  of  the  crim- 
inal code." 

This  modern  psychiatric  study  of 
conduct  problems  of  children,  from  the 
time  they  attain  the  "use  of  reason" 
to  the  period  when  they  graduate  from 
high  school,  about  the  age  of  eighteen 
to  twenty,  can  be  of  the  utmost  im- 
portance to  teachers  in  adjusting  the 
more  perplexing  cases  of  "bad  be- 
havior" of  youths  under  their  care. 

By  psychiatric  study  I  mean  the 
careful,  thorough,  systematic  and  sym- 
pathetic investigation  of  causes  of  de- 
linquency in  children  of  school  age. 
The  methods  followed  b.y  Dr.  Wm. 
Healy,  of  the  Judge  Baker  Foundation 
of  Boston,  and  in  the  Psychopathic  In- 
stitute of  the  Juvenile  Court  of  Chi- 
cago, have  been  adopted  b,v  psychiatric 
clinics  in  many  cities. 

The  psychopathic  investigation  in- 
cludes a  study  of  the  background,  de- 
velopmental history,  home  and  neigh- 
borhood conditions  and  influences,  in- 
stitutional experiences,  personality 
traits,  companions,  interests  and  hab- 
its, school  history  and  all  previous  de- 
linquencies of  the  child.  A  physical 
and  mental  examination  is,  of  course, 
included.  Opportunity  is  also  given 
for  the  bo}'  or  girl  to  tell  his  or  her 
"own  story"  of  the  trouble.  All  this 
should  lead  up  to  a  sound  prognosis 
and  recommendations  for  a  "follow 
up"  treatment. 

I  limit  ps3'chologic  examination  to  a 
study  of  the  child's  mental  attain- 
ments, whereas  psychiatric  study 
rather  inquires  into  the  possible  pres- 
ence of  mental  disease,  even  though  in 
a  mild  form. 

Though  the  physical  examination  ^to 
be  made  by  a  competent  medical  man 
or  woman)  and  the  "intelligence  test- 
ing" (by  a  psychologist)  are  of  utmost 
importance,  I  am  chiefly  concerned 
with  the  patient,  sympathetic  study  of 
the  youth's  personality,  home  condi- 
tions, hereditary  background  and  the 
possible  presence  of  some  degi-ee  of 
feeblemindedness,  as  the  mainly  re- 
sponsible causative  factors  of  the  de- 
linquency. 


1925 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


383 


In  the  procedure  of  the  Chicago  Ju- 
venile Court  a  child  ayIio  is  found  by 
the  "mental  tests"  to  be  defective,  is 
given  a  thorough  examination  by  the 
psj^chologist ;  and  if  any  abnormality 
of  behavior  is  observed,  he  is  also  given 
a  psychiatric  examination  by  a  psy- 
chiatrist, either  at  the  detention  home 
or  at  the  office  of  the  Institute  for  Ju- 
venile Keseareh. 

Agencies  of  this  type  ought  to  be  ac- 
cessible at  least  to  our  larger  city 
schools.  For  in  a  group  of  seven  hun- 
dred or  eight  hundred  children,  coming 
from  every  social  stratum,  represent- 
ing different  racial  and  hereditary 
backgrounds,  and  subject  to  the  most 
various  kinds  of  home  and  parental 
conditions  and  influences,  conduct 
problems  of  a  very  serious  t.ype  may 
develop,  Avith  which  the  teacher  is  pow- 
erless to  cope.  Then  happy  the  pastor, 
or  parent,  or  principal,  or  teacher  who 
can  have  the  benefit  of  the  wise  gui- 
dance of  a  psychiatric  clinic.  Let  us 
hope  that  some  day  all  our  larger  pa- 
rochial schools  Avill  have  conduct  clin- 
ics, or  may  at  least  adopt  the  excellent 
plan  of  the  Archdiocese  of  Philadel- 
phia of  having  a  ' '  Parish  School  Coun- 
selor." 

Equipment  of  this  kind  will  not  only 
help  us  to  solve  and  to  adjust  conduct 
problems,  but  it  will  also  prove  of 
value  in  the  diagnosis  and  treatment 
of  young  school  failures.  This  fact  is 
Avell  stated  in  a  recent  Bulletin  of  the 
Bureau  of  Education.*  We  read: 
"While  it  is  necessary  for  the  school 
to  have  as  part  of  its  own  organization 
all  the  facilities  necessary  for  diagnos- 
ing its  ow^n  educational  problems,  it  is 
not  necessary  or  possible  that  it  should 
have  all  the  resources  for  treatment. 
It  cannot  maintain  its  own  hospitals 
for  the  treatment  of  remedial  physical 
defects.  It  cannot  become  a  case-work- 
ing agency  for  the  complete  solution  of 
family  problems.  It  cannot  assume 
control  of  all  the  recreational  facilities 
of  the  community.  AVhat  the  school 
can   do — and   do   far  more   efficiently 

*Department  of  the  Interior,  Bureau  of 
Education.     1923,  Bulletin  No.  1. 


than  any  other  agency — is  to  become  a 
center  through  Avhieh  medical  and  so- 
cial problems  are  wisely  referred  to 
the  agencies  of  the  community  best  fit- 
ted to  deal  with  them.  The  commun- 
ity-wide contacts  of  the  school  and  its 
hold  on  the  family  through  the  child 
give  it  a  strategic  position  for  the  dis- 
covery and  diagnosis  of  mental,  phys- 
ical, and  social  ills  which  no  other 
agency  can  possibly  equal.  Give  the 
school  an  adequate  staff  of  psycholo- 
gists, of  physicians,  and  of  social  work- 
ers for  determining  the  real  causes  of 
school  failure,  give  it  the  necessary  re- 
sources for  educational  treatment,  and 
let  it  refer  to  the  medical,  case-work- 
ing, and  recreational  agencies  of  the 
community  for  the  treatment  of  the 
non-instructional  phases  of  the  prob- 
lem. ' ' 

That  the  teachers  of  our  parochial 
schools  are  realizing  the  help  they  may 
receive  from  these  clinics  is  apparent 
from  the  following  statement,  which 
was  made  in  the  course  of  an  examin- 
ation paper  written  by  a  Sister  attend- 
ing our  course  in  Educational  Soci- 
ology at  St.  Louis:  "AVe  are  all  con- 
fronted by  problem  children,  the  re- 
tarded pupil,  the  pupil  of  low  mental- 
ity and  other  cases  in  need  of  special 
care.  The  psychiatric  clinic  is  labor- 
ing to  assist  us  and  it  is  doing  excel- 
lent work.  I  only  wish  there  were  more 
laborers  in  the  field." 

(To   be   concludecl) 

IN  NOTRE  DAME  DE  PARIS 

By   Charles   J.    Quirk,   S.    J. 
A  throng  of  strangers,  waiting  to  behold 
The  Church 's  treasury  of  age-priced  gold, 
Heard  a  bell's  chime  ring  silvery  and  clear; 
Saw   lights   approaching,   and   a  priest   draw 

near, 
Who    held,   with   love  and    reverence,    closely 

prest, 
'Neath  veils  of  white,  a  Cup  upon  his  breast. 
"  C 'est  le  Saint  Sacrement, "  a  verger  said, 
And  fell  upon  his  knees  and  bowed  his  head. 
I  knelt  beside  him,  while  that  idle  crowd 
bcilled  its  soft  chatter  and  perforce  low-bowed, 
i  hough  many  knew  not  Who  was  passing  by, 
Still  felt  a  Presence,  overpowering,  nigh. 
For,  when  at  last,  I  rose  upon  my  feet. 
Changed   were   the   faces   that   my    sight   did 

greet : 
A   gentle    sweetness    shone,    a   glad   surprise, 
A  sudden  glory  lit  and  fired  their  eyes! 


38-± 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


September  lo 


The  Catholic  Mind  vs.  the  Newspaper  Mind 

By  Benedict  Elder 


It  was  a  pleasure  to  i-ead  the  letter 
of  Mr.  Anthonv  J.  Beek  of  the  Michigan 
Catholic  (F.  K.  XXXII  pp.  345  f.), 
critieizing  my  pa])er  read  before  the 
C.  P.  A.  Convention  in  St.  Lonis,  for 
stating,  in  effect,  that  our  (Jatholie 
Aveeklies  should  not  be  regarded  as 
newspa]iers  in  the  modern  sense  of  the 
term. 

When  isolated  from  the  context,  that 
statement  appears  inadequate,  and  in 
that  light  Mr.  Beck's  criticism  is  just. 
Unquestionably,  there  is  a  place  for 
news  items  in  a  Catholic  weekly,  not 
only  in  the  way  of  correcting  inaccurate 
news  that  may  have  been  published  in 
the  secular  newspapers,  but  also  to  in- 
form Catholics  of  pertinent  events 
which  secular  newspapers'  pass  without 
notice.  But  swallows  do  not  make  a 
sunnner  and  news  items  do  not  make 
a  modern  newspaper.  There  is  the 
newspaper  mind. 

"Where  the  Catholic  editor  consistent- 
ly regards  his  paper  as  a  newspaper,  he 
cultivates  the  traits  of  a  newspaper 
editor,  and  the  character  of  articles  and 
advertisements  he  prints,  the  point  of 
his  writing,  the  color  and  tone  of  his 
paper,  gradually  come  to  reflect  the 
thought  and  perspective  of,  the  news- 
paperman,— at  least  in  respect  to  mat- 
ters not  of  faith.  In  fine,  the  Catholic 
editor  who  thinks  of  his  paper  as  a 
modern  newspaper  gets  the  modern 
ncAvspaper  mind. 

A  paper  edited  from  that  standjioint 
may  be  a  newspaper ;  it  cannot  be  a 
Catholic  paper.  It  may  interest  its 
readers  ;  it  will  not  edify  them.  It  may 
increase  the  number  of  its  readers;  it 
will  not  make  better  Catholics  of  them. 
The  modern  newspaper  mind  is  of  the 
world  worldlj^;  it  can  no  more  substi- 
tute for  the  Catholic  mind  than  the 
spirit  of  the  world  can  substitute  for 
the  spirit  of  Christ.  The  modern  news- 
]iaper  is  a  l)usii)ess;  the  Catholic  paper 
is  an  apostolate.  The  work  of  a  news- 
paper editor  is  in  the  way  of  a  profes- 
sion ;  the  Avork  of  a  Catholic  editor  is  in 


tile  Avay  of  a  vrx-ation.  All  these  dis- 
tiiictio)is  are  liuried,  if  not  at  once  then 
gradually,  where  the  Catholic  editor 
thiuks  (if  liiiiiself  and  his  work  in 
modern  newspaper  terms. 

That  is  the  core  of  my  statement  to 
the  effect  that  our  Catholic  weeklies 
should  not  be  regarded  as  newspapers 
in  the  modern  sense  of  the  term.  It 
seems  plain  to  me  that  Catholic  papers 
are  Catholic  to  the  extent  only  that  they 
express  the  Catholic  mind.  To  the  ex- 
tent that  they  express  the  newspaper 
mind  they  are  not  Catholic.  MoreoA"er. 
to  the  extent  that  they  express  the  news- 
paper mind,  they  are  not  only  inade- 
quate, but  unnecessary,  and  have  no 
just  claim  to  support  as  a  Catholic  en- 
terprise. 

This  does  not  mean  that  Catholic 
papers  should  be  filled  wdth  so-called 
pietistic  reading,  or  that  our  editors  do 
not  need  to  be  wide-awake  and  abreast 
with  the  times,  or  that  they  should  not' 
give  space  to  a  variety  of  features,  set- 
ting them  up  with  all  the  attractiveness 
that  modern  printing  facilities  aft'ord. 
It  does  not  mean  that  Catholic  papers 
are  inferior  to  newspapers.  There  is 
no  comparison.  They  have  different 
aims,  different  motives,  and  cover  dif- 
ferent fields. 

So  long  as  we  do  not  try  to  per- 
suade ourselves  that  our  Catholic  week- 
lies are  newspapers,  no  comparison  can 
be  drawn  between  them  and  real  news- 
papers, and  when  we  put  ourselves  in 
a  position  to  invite  such  a  comparison, 
we  are  bound  to  suft'er  from  the  result. 
If  we  are  to  call  our  papers  Catholic 
papers,  we  should  regard  them  as  Cath- 
olic papers,  not  as  neAvspapers. 

FloAvers  groAV  as  far  north  as  land 
goes,  and  more  than  700  dift'erent  kinds 
have  been   collected  in   arctic  regions. 


Science  is  teaching  men  how  to  live 
longer,  but  it  seems  to  have  no  success 
in  teaching  a  large  percentage  of  them 
to  live  righteouslv. 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


385 


An    Anglican    Review   of   the    Koch- 
Preuss  Moral  Theology 

In  Theology,  an  Anglican  monthly 
edited  bv  E.  G.  Sehvyn,  D.  D.  (London, 
Vol.  x/No.  55)  the  Rev.  K.  E.  Kirk 
gives  the  following  notice  of  Vols.  T\' 
and  V  of  ''A  Handbook  of  Moral  The- 
ology," by  Anthony  Koch,  D.  D.. 
adapted  and  edited  by  Arthur  Preuss 
(B.  Herder  Book  CompanjO  : 

"AVe  welcome  the  completion  of  this 
comprehensive  book  (of  which  the  ear- 
lier volumes  were  reviewed  in  Theology 
on  their  appearance)  with  genuine 
gratitude.  Two  features  which  marked 
the  beginning"  of  the  series  are  as 
noticeable,  if  not  more  noticeable,  in 
these  last  volumes  as  in  the  first  three. 
They  are  its  cheapness  and  its  read- 
ability. Vol.  IV  contains  430  pages; 
Vol.  V  (which  is  indeed  almost  too 
bulky  for  comfortable  handling)  is  a 
vast  book  of  625  pages ;  but  their  prices 
to  the  English  reader  are  no  more,  than 
10s.  6d.  and  12s.  6d.  respectively.  The 
three  first  volumes  being  cheaper  still, 
the  complete  work  can  thus  be  pro- 
cured for  about  two  pounds  ;  and  as  the 
volumes  can(  be  bought  separately,  it 
is  possible  for  anyone  to  acquire,  at  all 
events  over  the  course  of  a  year  or  two, 
a  comprehensive  English  treatment  of 
the  whole  subject.  We  have  dwelt  upon 
this  financial  aspect  of  the  matter  be- 
cause of  the  degree  to  which  it  Aveighs 
upon  the  clergy.  But  the  other  aspect  is 
even  more  important.  A  refreshing 
absence  of  technicalit.v,  a  free  but 
simple  style,  continual  excursions  into 
interesting  points  of  history,  and  ex- 
tracts (many  of  them  specially  happ}') 
from  devotional  or  expository  writers 
— all  these,  taken  in  conjunction  wuth 
the  large  type  and  pleasant  format  of 
the  volumes,  make  them  delightful 
reading.  At  the  same  time  the  priest 
who  wishes  for  practical  guidance  in 
the  direction  of  souls  without  too  deep 
discussion  of  the  underlying  theories 
Avill  find  the  book  marked  by  a  'sancti- 
fied common  sense'  invaluable  for  the 
purposes  both  of  public  and  private 
exhortation  and  instruction.  The  con- 
ditions contemplated  by  the  writer  are. 


of  course,  the  civilization  and  institu- 
tions of  the  United  States  rather  than 
those  of  England ;  this,  however,  adds 
to  its  interest  for  the  English  reader 
without  in  any  way  detracting  from  its 
usefulness. 

There  are,  of  course,  sections  in  the 
book  which  strike  curiously  on  Angli- 
can minds ;  the!  tirade  against  crema- 
tion (Vol,  V,  pp.  197  ff.)  is  perhaps 
the  most  remarkable.  But  in  general 
we  have  no  hesitation  in  saying  that 
these  two  volumes  (which  deals,  as  we 
should  have  noticed  earlier,  \vith 
"Duty  towards  God"  and  "Duty 
towards  one's  neighbor"  respectively) 
reveal  Roman  Catholic  moral  the- 
ology in  its  most  charitable,  most 
laudable,  and  most  practical  form. 
The  Anglican  will,  of  course,  have 
to  adapt  them  to  his  own  needs, 
but  he  will  be  delighted  (and  perhaps 
a  little  surprised)  to  find  how^  little 
real   adaptation   they  require." 

"Dr.  Koch  is,  as  he  himself  avowed 
in  his  first  volume,  and  as  we  noticed 
at  the  time,  no  casuist;  common  sense, 
not  dialectic,  is  his  guide.  He  men- 
tions, indeed,  many  of  the  questions 
which  casuistry  has  handled,  but  eon- 
tents  himself  with  giving  the  most  ob- 
viously Christian  answer,  without 
straining  out  gnats,  or  enquiring  as  to 
the  niceties,  what  may  be  'allowed'  in 
extreme  or  unusual  circumstances.  We 
msi}i  instance,  for  example,  his  treat- 
ment of  the  duty  of  attending  divine 
worship  in  Vol.  Ill  or  that  of  lying  in 
Vol.  IV.  He  ignores  entirely  any  at- 
tempt, in  the  first  case,  to  delimit  the 
exact  distance  in  yards  from  the  church 
within  which  the  bystander  can  be  said 
to  have  heard  mass ;  in  the  second  mat- 
ter, there  is  not  a  hint  of  the  nauseat- 
ing equivocations  about  'mental  reser- 
vation' which  in  the  past  have  de- 
graded not  a  little  moral  theology.  In- 
deed, Dr.  Koch  sets,  in  this  chapter  on 
lying,  a  very  high  and  Christian  stan- 
dard ;  and  his  denial  that  the  immoral- 
ity of  a  lie  is  wholly  dependent  upon 
the  harm  which  it  may  do  is  very 
timely.  The  true  objection  to  a  lie,  as 
he   points   out   with   emphasis,    is  not 


38(3 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


September  15 


utilitarian ;  the  Christian  moralist  is 
and  must  be  a/  rigorist  on  this  point 
simply  because  lying  violates  both  the 
true  dignity  of  the  man  who  utters 
it,  and  the  obligation  of  charity  to- 
wards his  neighbors.  It  is  an  expres- 
sion of  contempt,  both  for  oneself  and 
for  othei-s;  a  holding  cheap  of  the 
sanctities  of  human  intercourse. 

"The  combination  of  sanity,  reti- 
cence, and  idealism  shown  in  the  discus- 
sion of  Ij'ing  is  more  than  paralleled  in 
the  chapters  on  Marriage.  There  is  a  re- 
straint in  the  discussion  of  'birth-con- 
trol' which  might  well  be  emulated  by 
other  writers ;  and  although  the  section 
on  the  social  emancipation  of  women 
has  an  old-fashioned  air,  in  that  it 
treats  as  a  still  open  question  what  has 
been  for  almost  a  generation  an  es- 
tablished fact,  the  discussions  of  family 
relationships  as  a  whole  are  finely  con- 
ceived. Similarly,  the  responsibilities 
of  citizenship  are  treated  in  a  way 
which  will  fully  commend  itself;  al- 
though the  passage  on  the  payment  of 
taxes  (Vol.  V,  p.  449)  quoted  from  Dr. 
Kyan  may  perhaps  be  thought  a  little 
lower  in  tone  than  could  be  wished, 
such  paragraphs  as  that  on  the  '  higher 
patriotism'  {ih.,  pp.  566  flf.)  are  of 
extraordinary  value 

Participating  in  the*  Mass 
Our  highest  maxim  might  well  be : 
I'he  Holy  Sacrifice  of  the  Mass  above 
all  other  devotions  and  ' '  devotions ' ' ; — 
above  all  Eucharistic  and  non-Euehar- 
istic  meetings  in  the  house  of  God; — 
above  all  religious  or  spiritual  eleva- 
tions of  the  mind  in  the  beautiful  realm 
of  nature,  or  in  the  interior  life; — 
above  all  other  liturgical  services: — 
yes,  not  only  above  them,  but  as  their 
crown,  ideal,  and  liturgical  climax. 

And,  indeed,  the  Mass  above  all,  as 
a  sacrificial  actio7i  on  the  part  of  the 
Church,  i.  e.,  the  communion  of  the 
faithful,  realizing  not  only  in  an  ab 
stract  sense,  but  in  the  actual  immola- 
tion of  the  entire  congregation  assem- 
bled in  the  church,  that  they  are  one 
with  the  great  communion  of  the  faith- 
ful, the  Church,  which  is  spread  all 
over   the  ear*li;   one  with   Christ  the 


Lord;  not  only  realizing  this,  but  also 
praying  and  acting  as  one  great  body. 
Thus  the  Mass  becomes  a  sacrificial  act 
in  keeping  with  the  liturgy,  as  it  is 
performed  by  the  Church  throughout 
the  world,  not  in  the  empty  sense  of  a 
juridical  representation  by  the  priest 
and  the  acolyte,  but  as  a  living  and 
actual  participation,  an  execution  of 
the  liturgical  prayers  and  functions, 
as  the  liturgy  of  the  Church  under- 
stands and  requires  them ;  whether  this 
participation  consist  in  the  beautiful 
interchange  of  song,  prayer,  and  ac- 
tion at  a  High  Mass  (which  certainly 
is  the  ideal  form,  and  regarded  by  the 
Church  as  the  proper  form  for  the 
parish  Mass,  and  which  should  be  sub- 
stituted by  a  Low  Mass  in  case  of 
necessity  only),  or  whether  it  be  in 
the  union  of  prayer  at  a  liturgical  Low 
Mass. 

We  must  be  taught  to  know  and 
prize  the  Mass  as  the  Sacrifice  of  the 
New  Testament;  we  must  learn  to  as- 
sist at  the  Mass  as  a  sacrifice,  and  in 
the  character  of  actual  participators 
and  co-offerers. 

Are  there  not  many  among  the  faith- 
ful who  prize  some  devotion,  especial- 
ly a  devotion  to  the  Blessed  Sacrament, 
followed  by  benediction,  more  highly 
than  the  Sacrifice  of  the  Mass?  All 
honor  to  the  devotions  of  the  Church. 
But  no  matter  how  intensive  the  im- 
molation of  self  to  God  may  be  in  these 
devotions,  it  nevertheless  remains  the 
mere  offering  of  a  creature  to  his  Lord 
and  Father ;  whereas  the  offering  in 
the  Holy  Sacrifice  of  the  Mass  becomes 
a  joint  immolation  of  all  the  faithful, 
united  with  their  High  Priest  Jesus 
Christ,  ' '  through  whom  we  have  access 
to  the  Father"  (Eph.  II,  18). 

Benediction  of  the  Blessed  Sacra- 
ment is  a  strictly  liturgical  function 
and  as  such  calls  forth  the  blessing 
of  God  through  the  intercessory  prayer 
of  the  Bride  of  Christ,  and  is,  therefore, 
of  great  value.  But  it  is  inferior  to 
the  Mass  because  in  the  Holy  Sacrifice 
we  enter  into  an  immediate  union  with 
Christ  Himself  as  Victim,  and  are  led 
by  Him  to  the  Heavenly  Father.  We 
can  never  compare  the  nucleus  or  cen- 
ter of  our  Christian  faith  and  public 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


387 


worship  with  any  other  ceremony,  no 
matter  how  impressive  it  may  be. 

These  points  are  developed  at  greater 
length  in  Father  J.  Kramp's,  S.  J., 
latest  book,  "Eucharistia  "   (Herder). 

K. 


Notes  and  Gleanings 


The  peculiar  gift  of  the  water-diviner 
is  discussed  by  Mr.  B.  Tompkins,  one 
of  the  best  known  modern  "dowsers," 
in  ' '  Springs  of  Water,  and  How  to  Dis- 
cover tliem  by  the  Divining  Rod" 
(London  :  Hurst  and  Blackett) .  Water- 
divining  is  still  regarded  l)y  many 
scientific  men  as  either  a  fake  or  a 
superstition  and  it  is  particularly  in- 
teresting to  read  of  Mr.  Tompkins' 
"electro-corpuscle"  theory.  When  he 
is  insulated  from  the  ground,  the  divin- 
ing rod  refuses  to  move  ;  neither  is  there 
any  movement  if  the  body  circuit  is 
not  completed.  He  considers  that  not 
more  than  one  person  in  a  million  pos- 
sesses the  power  to  discover  water  in 
this  way,  the  essential  condition  being 
a  strong  electrical  organization  of  the 
body.  The  use  of  the  divining  rod,  Mr. 
Tompkins  says,  is  enervating.  He  him- 
self repeatedly  fainted  during  experi- 
ments. Numerous  tributes  to  the  au- 
thor's ability  to  locate  water  and  de- 
scribe its  depth  and  volume  are  in- 
cluded in  this  book. 


One  of  the  outstanding  articles  in 
the  latest  number  of  that  ever  interest- 
ing monthly,  Die  katJiolischen  Missio- 
nen  (Herder),  is  the  one  in  which  Fa- 
ther A.  Vaeth,  S.  J.,  concludes  his 
study  of  the  much-advertised  Sadhu 
Sundar  Singh.  This  Hindu  ascetic 
has  been  regarded  by  some  ill-inform- 
ed persons  as  a  mighty  apostle  of  Chris- 
tian faith  and  practice,  and  as  one 
called  loy  Providence  to  bring  pure 
Christianity,  not  only  to  India,  but  to 
the  entire  world.  Father  Vaeth  shows 
that  most  of  the  wonderful  stories  told 
about  him  are  gross  exaggerations, 
many  of  them  silly  inventions,  and  the 
rest  the  product  of  the  Hindu  imagina- 
tion, which  naturalh^  takes  to  such  fan- 
tastic speculations. 


The  excellent  "Lehrbuch  der  histo- 
rischen  Methode,"  by  Fr.  A.  Feder,  S. 
J.,  which  has  repeatedly  been  recom- 
mended in  this  Review,  has,  we  see 
from  the  Catholic  Historical  Bevieiv, 
supplanted  Bernheim's  monumental 
but  tainted  work  in  some  continental 
institutions  of  learning,  and  is  to  be 
made  available  in  an  English  transla- 
tion by  a  professor  of  history  in  the 
Catholic  Universitv  of  America. 


The  Commissariat  of  the  Holy  Land, 
located  at  3140  Meramec  Street,  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  has  sent  us  two  interesting 
pamphlets,  "The  Question  of  the  Holy 
Places"  and  "The  Franciscan  Cus- 
todv  of  the  Holv  Land  Yesterday  and 
Today."  The  former  is  a  C.  T.  S. 
pamphlet,  whose  author  shows  how  the 
traditional  spots  rendered  sacred  by 
the  birth,  death,  and  Resurrection  of 
Our  Lord  got  into  the  possession  of 
those  who  noAv  claim  them  and  that 
the  Holy  See  prosecutes  none  of  the 
aims  attributed  to  it  in  Protestant  and 
Jewish  journals,  but  merely  insists  that 
any  controversies  which  may  arise  as 
to  the  Holy  Places  should  be  settled  by 
a  commission  in  which  Catholics  are 
adequately  represented.  The  latter 
brochure  traces  the  history  of  the 
Franciscan  custody  of  the  Holy  Land 
and  discusses  the  prospect  of  the  mis- 
sions which  the  custody  maintains  in 
Egypt  and  Syria,  on  the  Island  of 
Cyprus,  and  in  Armenia.  There  is  an 
interesting  sup]>lementary  chapter  on 
"The  Holy  Land  at  the  Vatican  Mis- 
sionary  Exposition." 

Apropos  of  Fr.  Leon  Honore's  work, 
"Le  Secret  de  la  Confession"  (cfr. 
F.R.,  XXXII,  7,  p.  147),  Fr.  Bertrand 
Kurtscheid,  O.F.M.,  calls  attention  to 
the  fact  {Theologische  Revue,  Mlin- 
ster  i.  W.,  Vol.  XIV,  No.  4,  pp.  139 
sqq.)  that  Fr.  Ilonore  has  really  done 
little  more  than  re-arrange  and  adapt 
into  French  the  materials  contained  in 
Fr.  Bertrand 's  "Das  Beichtsiegel  in 
seiner  gesehichtlichen  Entwicklung ' ' 
(Herder,  1912).  Fr.  Bertrand  also 
calls  attention  to  several  errors  con- 
tained in  Fr.  Honore's  book,  for  in- 
stance,  the   assertion    (p.   33)    that   at 


388 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


Scptenil.M.-r  15 


tlie  time  of  Charlemagne  the  seal  of 
confession  Avas  freely  violated  in  some 
parts  of  the  empire.  This  statement, 
says  Fr.  Bertrand,  cannot  be  proved. 
We  repeat  our  expression  of  regret  that 
we  possess  no  adequate  treatment  of 
this  important  subject  in  English. 


those  who  may  prefer  a  different  inter- 
])retation  of  the  Saint  and  his  Rule 
than  that  given  by  Abbot  Herwea'en. 
The  translation  is  well  done. 


It  will  surprise  many  a  reader  who 
dips  into  Mr.  John  Kirkland  Wright's 
book,  "The  Geographical  Lore  of  the 
Time  of  the  Crusades"  (American 
Geographical  Society)  to  learn  that  be- 
lief in  a  flat  earth  was  by  no  means  a 
characteristic  medieval  doctrine.  True, 
in  the  earliest  medieval  maps  the  earth 
is  drawn  as  though  flat.  But  the  West- 
ern writers  on  cosmology,  even  in  its 
most  elementary  form,  will  have  none 
of  this  doctrine,  and  the  teaching  of  the 
schools  is  almost,  if  not  quite,  unani- 
mous in  adliering  to  the  ancient  view 
of  a  s])lierical  earth.  Much  medieval 
geographical  lore  turns  round  the  pil- 
grimage to  Palestine,  and  Jerusalem  is 
represented  as  the  centre  of  the  inhab- 
ited land  mass. 


The  nuiterials  for  a  biography  of  St. 
Benedict  are  so  meagre  that  every  new 
attempt  in  this  direction  practically 
means  a  new  interpretation.  Dom 
Ildephonse  Herwegen's  interpretation, 
Avhich  has  given  rise  to  considerable 
discussion  and  some  controversy,  is 
now  available  to  English  readers  in  a 
translation  by  Dom  Peter  Nugent,  O.S. 
B.,  under  the  title,  "St.  Benedict:  A 
Character  Study"  (Sands  &  Co.  and 
B.  Herder  Book  Co.).  The  author, 
who  is  Abbot  of  Maria-Laach  and  edi- 
tor of  the  famous  "Ecclesia  Orans" 
series,  bases  his  sketch  upon  the 
"Dialogues"  of  St.  Gregory  the  Great, 
our  sole  historical  source  for  the  life  of 
St.  Benedict,  and  endeavors  to  "fuse 
the  Life  and  the  Rule  into  one,  so  as  to 
place  before  the  reader  the  singular 
and  comprehensive  personalit.y  of  St. 
Benedict."  The  book  is,  as  its  subtitle 
indicates,  a  character  sketch  rather 
than  a  life  of  the  great  Founder  of  the 
Benedictine  Order,  and  because  of  its 
literary  charm  and  devotional  qualities 
Avill   be    read    with    pleasure    even    l)y 


The  Manresa  Press  lias  i-cpriiitt^d  Fr. 
P.  J.  Chandlery's  book,  ■"Mary's 
Praises  on  Every  Tongue :  A  Record 
of  Homage  Paid  to  Our  Blessed  Lady 
in  all  Ages  and  throughout  the 
World."  It  differs  in  character  from 
other  English  works  on  the  subject  in 
that  it  does  not  contain  a  series  of  re- 
flections or  meditations  on  the  life  and 
virtues  of  the  Blessed  Virgin,  nor  of 
devotional  exercises  in  her  honor,  but 
many  utterances  showing  the  enthusi- 
asm with  which  her  cult  has  been  taken 
up  in  all  countries  and  by  all  classes  of 
persons,  especially  in  Catholic  Eng- 
land. There  is  here  an  abundance  of 
scriptural,  patristic,  historical,  and  bio- 
graphical matter  that  Avill  be  found 
hel])ful  in  the  study  of  Marioloay  as 
well  as  for  private  meditation  and  ad- 
dressing sodalists  and  others.  In  the 
section  on  devotion  to  Our  Lady  in  the 
United  States,  the  late  Dr.  Edward 
Preuss  would  have  deserved  mention, 
for  not  only  was  his  conversion  brought 
about  in  connection  with  a  theological 
controversy  on  the  cult  of  Mary,  but  he 
was  remarkable  (to  quote  the  late 
Archbishop  Ryan)  as  the  author  of  two 
books  on  the  Immaculate  Conception, 
defending  contrary-  views  of  the  sub- 
ject, and  both  considered  standard 
Avorks,  one  on  the  Lutheran,  the  other 
on  the  Catholic  side.  (B.  Herder  Book 
Co.) 


In  the  May  numl)er  of  the  Sfinnnoi 
der  Zelf,  Fr.  F.  X.  Kugler,  S.  J.,  writes 

Jury  Warrants  Cashed  Bell,  Main  1242 

SEA  FOODS  IN  SEASON 


J.  B.  SCHUMACKER 

418  Market  Street  ST.   LOUIS,  MO. 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


389 


about  tlie  high  census  figures  ^vhich 
have  puzzled  exegetes  iu  the  Old  Tes- 
tament. He  arrives  at  the  conclusion 
that  the  figures  603,550  and  601,370  of 
the  census  taken  under  Moses  represent 
the  entire  nation,  and  not  merely  its 
fighting  strength.  Similarly,  the  Da- 
vidic  census  giving  Israel  800,000  and 
Juda  500,000  does  not  represent  the 
militar}"  strength  of  the  people,  but  the 
entire  population.  One-fifth  (or  260,- 
000)  was  the  actual  number  of  those 
capalile  of  bearing  arms.  This  new  in- 
terpretation, whatever  its  value  may 
prove  to  be,  does  not  seem  to  do  vio- 
lence to  the  sacred  text. 


The  Denver  Catholic  Register  (Yol. 
XXI,  No.  1)  finds  the  fifth  volume 
of  the  Koch-Preuss  '-'Handbook  of 
Moral  Theology"  (Herder)  "nnusually 
good"  and  approves  of  the  suggestion 
made  by  the  Buffalo  Echo,  that  this 
five-volume  exposition  of  the  moral 
teaching  of  the  Catholic  Church  he 
placed  in  the  public  libraries,  where  it 
may  be  used  with  good  effect  to  dissi- 
pate Protestant  prejudices  based  on  a 
misunderstanding  of  our  moi-al  stand. 


AVe  look  forward  to  the  publication 
of  Prof.  F.  Cazzamali's  experiments 
and  conclusions  in  the  Revue  Meta- 
'physique.  The  Professor,  who  teaches 
neurology  and  psychiatry  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Milan,  according  to  a  recent 
cable  despatch  claims  to  have  discov- 
ered a  scientific  basis  for  the  phenome- 
non, hitherto  unexplained,  of  telepathy. 
He  asserts  that  "the  human  brain 
is  capable  of  emitting  radiographic 
waves,  which,  harnessed  and  reduced  to 
a  code,  Avill  create  a  method  of  com- 
munication between  distant  minds  as 
perfect  as  that  developed  by  wireless 
telegraphy." 

The  S.  Congregation  of  the  Holy  Of- 
fice has  recently  inscribed  the  following 
volumes  on  the  Index  of  Forbidden- 
Books:  By  decree  of  July  10:  "Die 
biblische  und  die  babylonische  Got- 
tesidee,"  by  the  Rev.  J.  F.  Hehn,  of 
the  University  of  Wiirzburg;  "AVege 
zum  Monotheismus, "  by  the  same.    By 


decree  of  July  23:  "Die  Erlosten.'"  by 
the  Rev.  Joseph  AVittig,  of  the  Univer- 
sit}'  of  Breslau;  "Meine  'Erlosten'  in 
Busse,  Kampf  und  AA^ehr,"  by  the 
same;  " Hergottswissen  von  AA'egrain 
und  Strasse,"  by  the  same;  "Leben 
Jesu  iu  Palastina,  Schlesien  und  an- 
clerswo,"  by  the  same;  "Das  allge- 
meine  Priestertum."  l)y  the  same. 
Both  authors  are  priests  and  doctors  of 
theoloo-v. 


In  a  courteous  and  friendly,  but  de- 
cidedly adverse  criticism  in  the  Month, 
Father  Herbert  Thurston,  S.J.,  rejects 
Hilaire  Belloc's  "History  of  England," 
first,  because  it  is  intemperate,  that  is, 
exaggerates  a  certain  historical  A'iew, 
to  A^it,  that  England  has  unbroken 
continuity  with  her  remote  past ;  sec- 
ond, because  it  is  in  conflict  with  the 
well-founded  convictions  of  many  emi- 
nent scholars  on  a  number  of  important 
points,  and,  third,  because  it  is,  in  a 
number  of  specific  points,  entirely  un- 
historical,  asserting  things  which  the 
long  research  of  impartial  experts  has 
proved  untrue.  The  F.  R.  has  always 
regarded  Mr.  Belloe  as  a  romancer 
rather  than  a  historian.  His  reply  to 
Fr.  Thurston's  criticism  in  the  August 
number  of  the  Monfh  confirms  us  in 
this  conviction. 


The  "Dictionnaire  Pratique  des  Con- 
naissances  Religieuses. "  edited  l\v  the 
Abbe  Bricout,  is  another  of  those  ad- 
mirable encyclopedic  reference  works 
of  which  our  French  Catholic  brethren 
have  so  many.  The  first  volume 
(Aaron — Charette)  is  now  complete 
(Librairie  Letouzy  et  Ane,  Paris). 
Many  of  the  articles,  such  as  that  on 
the  Assumption,  that  on  Baptism,  that 
on  Abortion  and  Infanticide,  etc.,  are 
concluded  with  sermon  sketches  by 
famous  preachers.  The  work  is  worth 
purchasing  by  those  who  read  French. 


A  German  review,  Der  Stahlhelm, 
claims  to  have  discovered  that  France's 
"Unknown  Soldier"  is  really  August 
Schultz,  of  the  23rd  Stuttgart  Infan- 
try, killed  at  Eparges  in  the  autumn 
of  1915,  and  picked  up  from  a   huge 


3ft0 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


September  15 


l)ile  of  mixed  Freiieli  and  German 
dead.  The  paper  fnrtlier  asserts  that 
the  French  authorities  discovered  the 
identity  of  the  soldier  when  it  was  too 
hite  to  make  a  change,  but  that  the  se- 
ci-et  was  carefully  kept  from  the  peo- 
irle.  What  makes  the  story  plausible 
is  the  fact  that  the  circulation  of  the 
Sfah]]irl))i  was  forbidden  by  the  French 
<iovernment.  As  for  the  ''Unknown 
Soldiers,"  whoever  tiiey  ma.v  be, — in 
France,  in  England,  in  Italy,  in  Amer- 
ica— to  Ciuote  our  esteemed  contempo- 
rary, the  Christian  Famihj  (Vol.  XX, 
p.  284),  "this  much  is  sure,  their  poor 
souls  Avill  profit  more  by  pious  prayers 
than  by  the  vain  oratory  of  selfish  poli- 
ticians and  by  "WTeaths  of  withering 
flowers  placed  on  their  tombs  by  dis- 
tinguished visitors.  These  'Unknown 
Soldiers'  are  fully  known  Avhere  they 
are  now.  They  have  faced  their  judge, 
and  nationality  means  nothing  to  them 
anv  more." 


The  ^Viinefi^,  official  paper  of  the 
Archdiocese  of  Dul)U(iue,  commenting 
on  the  false  rejiort,  sent  out  l)v  tlie 
X.  C.  "W.  C,  of  the  death  of  Arcli- 
lushop  Bruchesi,  of  Montreal,  says : 
"The  X.  C.  W.  C.  news  agency  has 
given  to  the  Catholic  press  an  appall- 
ing sameness.  AYe  hope  it  may  not  add 
to  this  regrettable  feature  the  suspi- 
cion of  unrelial)ility. "  To  those  who 
liave  closely  followed  the  work  of  that 
agency,  its  unreliability  has  long  since 
l)een  more  than  a  mere  "suspicion." 

The  papers  report  that  Dr.  Philippe 
Teste,  of  Paris,  has  invented  a  "psy- 
chic bath"  for  school  children.  It 
"consists  in  giving  the  children,  at  a 
given  moment,  liberty  to  run,  jump, 
scream,  and  create  as  wild  a  scene  as 
they  please,  the  teacher  urging  them  on 
and  participating  in  the  pandemonium, 
if  necessary.  Suddenly,  however,  the 
teacher  shouts  an  order  to  halt,  and  the 
children  instantly  drop  into  their 
seats."  The  Boston  Beputlic  (Vol. 
XLIV,  No  34)  doubts  whether  it  is 
possible  to  reduce  children  worked  up 
into  a  frenzy  of  emotional  activity  to  a 
statue-like  calm  at  a  signal,  but  even  if 


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THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


391 


it  were  possible,  the  teacher  might  suf- 
fer some  serious  physical  derangement,' 
while  the  pupils  "would  learn  nothing- 
more  than  how  to  fly  into  a  passion 
with  the  most  noise  and  discomfort  to 
the  family  and  the  neighbors,  and  the 
demand  for  rods  in  resolute  parental 
hands  would  probably  become  insis- 
tent,"   '^— 

Correspondence 

Daily   and   Frequent   Communion 

To  the  Editor : 

In  the  September  Issue  of  Emman- 
uel, the  official  monthly  of  the  Priest's 
k'  Eucharistic  and  Communion  League, 
the  Rev.  C.  P.  Curran  publishes  a 
study  in  effective  methods  to  foster  fre- 
quent Communion.  Unfortunately  he 
does  not  distinguish  between  daily  and 
frequent  Communion.  AVhat  Father 
Curran  says  about  priests  who,  instead 
on  considering  themselves  distributors 
of  the  Bread  of  Life,  rather  act  as 
though  they  were  the  owners  of  the 
Holy  Eucharist,  is  applicable  to  daily 
Communion.  But,  when  it  conies  to 
the  consideration  of  frequent  Com- 
munion the  author  leaves  out  a  very 
essential  doctrine  of  the  Church,  as 
laid  down  in  the  Daily  Communion 
decree.  We  read  in  that  decree  :  ' '  For 
He  Himself  (Christ)  more  than  once 
and  in  no  ambiguous  terms,  pointed  out 
the  necessity  of  frequently  eating  His 
Flesh  and  drinking  His  Blood. ' '  ^  This 
means  that  frequent  Communion  is 
necessary.  This  is  not  the  ease  con- 
cerning daily  Communion.  The  decree 
expressly  declares  that  daily  commu- 
nion is  not  necessary.  The  truth  in  the 
matter  then  is  this  :  Daily  Communion, 
although  not  necessary,  is  most  ardent- 
ly desired  by  God  and  the  Church ;  fre- 
quent Communion  is,  according  to 
God's  own  word,  a  necessity.  Now, 
how  can  a  priest  induce  the  faithful  to 
receive  Communion  frequently  if  he, 
not  admitting'  the  difference  between 
daily  and  frequent  Communion,  ex- 
horts the  people  with  all  kind  of  rea- 
soning to  "this  salutary  practice"? 
His  hearers  will  be  led  to  think  that 
after  all  this  is  only  a  pious  practice, 


or  a  practice  for  the  pious.  The  truth 
would  make  quite  a  different  impres- 
sion upon  them.  If  they  are  told  that 
God  Himself  declares  that  frequent 
Communion  is  a  matter  of  necessity, 
then  they  would  obtain  a  different  idea 
of  what  they  now  regard  as  a  pious 
practice.  A  Priest 


Excerpts    from    Letters 

In  the  August  15th  Fortnightly  Review 
Rev.  M.  D.  Lyons,  S.  J.,  states  that  ' '  the 
total  power  of  all  Catholic  stations  combined 
is  slightly  over  1500  watts,  less  than  that 
employed  by  some  non-Catholic  stations. ' ' 
May  we  call  your  attention  to  the  fact  that 
the  new  broadcasting  station  of  the  Paulist 
League,  which  is  to  be  opened  formally  on 
September  24tli  by  his  Eminence  Cardinal 
Hayes,  is  a  5000  watt  station,  and  that  in 
test  programmes  it  has  been  heard  by  people 
living  in  St.  Louis  as  well  as  many  other  cities 
throughout  the  middle  West. — The  Paulist 
League,  James  F.  Cronin,  C.  S.  P.,  Director. 

It  may  interest  you  to  know  that  hardly  a 
day  passes  without  my  absorbing  some  ten 
or  twelve  pages  of  your  Pohle-Preuss  dog- 
matic theology.  I  am  now  going  over  for  the 
second  time  the  volume  on  grace.  I  am  for- 
tunate to  be  able  to  do  as  much  work  at  71 
as  I  did  at  52. — Joseph  Otten,  Pittsburgh, 
Pa. 

I  could  not  be  without  the  F.  R.  I  have  a 
great  esteem  for  it  because  it  commands  re- 
spect. Ad  midtos  annas  to  the  venerable 
Editor  and  the  Review!  —  (Eev.)  C.  I.  Gron- 
koivsM,  Chicago,  IlL 

Your  repeated  criticism  of  the  X.  C.  W.  C. 
news  service  are  only  too  well  founded.  The 
crux  of  the  matter  is  that  competent  Catholic 
journalists  be  placed  in  control  of  the  serv- 
ice. The  reporters  now  in  control  have 
very  little  knowledge  of  Catholic  thought  and 
activities.  I  suggest  likewise  that  the  serv- 
ices of  Hearst  reporters  be  entirely  dispensed 
with.  Put  only  first-class  Catholic  writers  on 
guard  and  pay  them  a  decent  salary. — One 
who  was  formerly  a  Catholic  editor. 

You  may  have  heard  of  the  recent  vote  of 
the  local  K.  C.  Council  to  establish  a  J.  C. 
Pelletier  scholarship  or  chair — I  have  forgot- 
ten which — at  Boston  College.  None  of  those 
who  formerly  opposed  and  criticised  this  un- 
fortunate man  had  any  other  desire  but  that 
the  mantle  of  charity  should  cover  the  past 
and  that  it  should  be  buried  in  oblivion.  Why 
misguided  friends  (?)  should  again  drag  his 
memory  into  the  limelight,  is  diificult  to  un- 
derstand. Acceptance  of  such  a  proposition 
cannot  reflect  favorably  upon  Boston  College. 
— Corresp. 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


September  15 


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BOOK  REVIEWS 


A    Catholic    Study    on    Music 

' '  1  •riiiiinanten, ' '  by  Joseph  Kreitmaier,  S. 
J.  (^B.  Herder:  Freiburg^  i.  B.)  is  a  little 
liook  in  which  a  versatile  art  eritie  (music, 
architecture,  painting)  offers  a  series  of 
studies  Avliieh  have  appeared,  over  a  period  of 
years,  in  the  Stimmen  aus  Maria-LaacJi,  now 
Stimmen  der  Zeit,  on  some  of  the  most  promi- 
nent figures  which  have  appeared  in  the  musi- 
cal iirmament  within  the  last  fifty  years.  The 
articles  on  R.  "Wagner,  E.  Strauss,  A. 
Bruckner,  and  M.  Eeger  are  in  a  high  degree 
interesting  and  instructive.  They  not  only 
l)rijig  liefore  us  the  personality,  individuality, 
and  the  creations  of  these  masters,  but  also 
the  ethical  influence  of  their  works  upon  their 
contemporaries.  For  this  reason,  "Doniinan- 
ten'"  should  be  read  and  pondered  by  all 
those  who  do  not  yet  realize  what  an  ir- 
resistible world-power  music, — especially  in  its 
purely  instrumental  form, — has  become  in  our 
time  and  into  what  an  all-pervading  voice  of 
the  Zeitgeist  it  has  developed  by  the  enormous 
sums  of  money  spent  on  its  practice  annually, 
— over  seven  hundred  millions  in  this  coun- 
try alone. 

In  his  exhaustive  discussion  of  figured 
church  music  and  the  hynui  in  the  vernacu- 
lar, Fr.  Kreitmaier  shows  decided  sympathy 
Avith  ultra-modern   tendencies.      That  a  num- 


Itcr  of  composers  of  first-rate  talent  have  come 
into  the  field  in  Germany  in  recent  years  is 
not  to  be  ignored;  but  whether  their  pro- 
ductions constitute  a  wholesome  and  legiti- 
mate development  from  the  liturgical  stand- 
point, or  Avhether  they  yield  too  much  to  the 
general  movement  towards  change  a  tout  -prix, 
remains  to  be  seen. 

Regarding  hymns  in  the  vernacular,  the 
reverend  author  expresses  the  opinion  that 
the  choice  of  melodies  may  be  safely  left  to 
the  people,  or  congregation.  This  may  be 
true  of  certain  localities  in  the  Old  World, 
where  the  right  standards  and  traditions  have 
existed  for  centuries.  It  is  certainly  not  a 
safe  rule  in  this  country,  where  the  people, 
\vith  some  exceptions,  have  been  fed  on  sen- 
timental and  shallow  texts  and  tunes  for 
se^'eral  generations  and  where  these  iinworthy 
texts  and  tunes  not  only  continue  in  general 
use,  but  are  constantly  being  added  to  by 
unqualified  authors.  Would  that  a  sound  and 
healthy  taste  could  be  built  up  in  our  school 
jxipulation  by  means  of  virile  texts  and  melo- 
dies which  Avould  make  Fr.  Kreitmaier's  sug- 
gestion practicable!  J.  O. 

Literary  Briefs 

— ' '  Sayings  of  the  Seraphic  Virgin,  S. 
Catherine  of  Siena,  Arranged  for  Every  Day 
in  the  Year,  by  a  Gleaner  Mid  God 's  Saints ' ' 
(Benziger    Bros.)     has    an    introduction    by 


]  925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEYIEW 


393 


A  Superior  Catholic  Newspaper 


The  Ave  Maria  of  Notre  Dame, 
Ind.,  August  8,  1925,  makes  the 
following-  reference  to  The  EcJio  : 

"The  Echo  ....  is  one  of  the 
most  enterprising  and  carefnUy 
edited  of  American  Catholic  News- 
papers." 

It  is  rarely  that  Father  Hud- 
son, the  scholarly  editor  of  the  Ave 
Maria,  praises  a  contemporary  so 
unreservedly. 


We    shall    be    glad    to    send    you    sample 
copies   upon  request 


THE  ECHO 

5  64  Dodge  St.  Buffalo.  N.  Y. 


"Christian   Denominations" 

' '  Cliristian  Denominations,' '  by  Eev.  Y. 
Krull,  C.  PP.  S.,  contains  a  short  but  re- 
liable historj'  of  the  various  Christian  De- 
nominations found  in  America.  Besides 
tlie  information  concerning  tlie  various 
cluirches  it  contains  a  refutation  of  tlie 
main  errors  found  in  the  various  sects. 
A  questionnaire  inserted  at  certain  inter- 
vals is  very  helpful  to  a  comprehensive 
study  of  the  book. 

No  other  book  on  religion  has  such  fas- 
cination for  students  as  "Christian  De- 
nominations''. It  may  be  called  a  history 
tluit  is  interspersed  by  doctrinal  informa- 
tion. 

' '  We  have  used  '  Christian  Denomina- 
tions'  in  St.  Peter  and  Paul's  High  School 
for  a  textbook;  and  we  recommend  this 
textbook  to  every  Catholic  high  school  in 
America,  knowing  from  experience  that  the 
pupils  will  like  the  book  and  benefit  by 
it."— Supt.  SS.  Peter  and  Paul's  High 
School,  Ottawa,  Ohio. 


Published    by 


JOHN  W.  WINTERICH,  ''*'  prospect  av 


Price,       Cloth, 


$1; 


CLEVELAND, 

Paper,       35c 


0. 


Abbot  Ford  on  the  best  method  of  dispelling 
bad  thoughts,  ;.  e.,  by  calling  in  good 
thoughts.  ' '  The  following  sayings  of  S. 
Catherine,''  he  concludes,  "if  read  day  by 
day  with  some  attempt  to  retain  them  and 
make  them  our  own,  Avill  help  to  give  us,  ready 
to  hand,  a  magazine  of  good  thoughts  with 
which  to  drive  out  those  that  are  evil.  In 
the  midst  of  the  darkness  of  daily  trial  they 
will  be  as  the  sunrise  of  holy  thoughts,  gradu- 
ally expanding  under  the  influence  of  grace 
into  the  full  liglit  of  God  's  day. ' ' 

— "The  Epistles  of  Father  Timothy  to  His 
Parishioners,"  by  Bishop  F.  C.  Kelley,  of 
Oklahoma,  from  which  we  repeatedly  quoted 
whilst  they  were  appearing  in  the  Extension 
Magazine,  are  now  available  in  book  form. 
They  are  not  sermons,  but  letters  written  from 
an  invalid's  chair  b}-  a  stricken  pastor.  They 
are  kindly  in  spirit  and  genial  in  tone,  in- 
timate and  revealing,  full  of  the  wisdom  that 
is  born  of  a  life  of  experience — and  deal  with 
subjects  in  which  every  Catholic  man  and 
woman  is,  or  ought  to  be,  interested.  ' '  To 
read  this  book,"  says  one  reviewer,  "is  to 
know  the  inside  workings  of  a  priest 's  heart 
and  of  his  great  love  for  his  people,  for  his 
Church,  and  for  his  religion.  The  philosophy 
brouglit  out  by  Father  Timothy  in  these 
Epistles  is  a  consolation,  no  matter  what  may 
arise  in  the  reader's  life.''  The  book  is 
redolent  of  true  Catholic  philosophy  and 
sliould  be  read  by  every  Catholic.  (Chicago, 
111.:   Extension  Press). 

— Cardinal  Bona  died  in  1674,  but  his 
devotional  writings,  especially  his  ascetical 
treatise  "De  Sacrificio  Missae, "  are  still 
widely  read,  as  is  evidenced  by  the  fact  that 
one  of  the  many  editions  of  this  little  book, 
— that  of  Marietti,  of  Turin, — has  just  ap- 
peared in  its  48th  printing.  It  is  in  prayer- 
book  format  and  sells  at  a  price  that  puts  it 
within  reach  of  the  poorest  missionary. 

— The  little  treatise  "De  lubilaeo  seu  Anno 
Sancto,"  by  the  Rev.  L.  I.  Fanfani,  O.  P., 
contains  in  brief  and  handy  form  (41  pp. 
16mo.)  all  the  information  the  average  priest 
needs  about  the  Jubilee.  It  is  published  by 
Marietti,  of  Turin,  and  can  be  ordered 
through  any  Catholic  bookseller. 

— When  a  priest  of  such  exceptional  at- 
tainments as  the  Rev.  J.  Elliot  Ross,  C.  S. 
P.,  composes,  ' '  Five  Minute  Sermons, ' '  some- 
thing unusually  good  may  be  expected,  and  we 
are  not  disapjiointed  after  a  perusal  of  this 
volume.  There  are  a  little  over  100  sermons, 
comprising  each  about  two  pages,  and  all 
dealing  with  ' '  life's  problems, ' '  as  they  pre- 
sent themselves  to  the  present,  especially  the 
younger  generation.  The  learned  author  of 
our  best  text-book  on  Christian  Ethics  knows 
that  what  our  people  need  most  of  all  is  a 
better  understanding  of  the  Catholic  view  of 
life  (WeltanscJiawung) ,  and  in  these  sermons 
he   gives   in   popular   form   just   the   kind   of 


394 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


September  15 


instniction  that  is  required  for  this  purpose, 
especially  by  students  of  the  higher  branches 
of  learning.  The  book  is  not  only  good  for 
pulpit  use,  it  is  also  fine  for  spiritual  read- 
ing. An  outstanding  note  is  its  modernity. 
(B.  Herder  Book  Co.) 

— The  Rev.  D.  O'Mahony,  -who  some  time 
ago  edited  ' '  Great  French  Sermons ' '  and 
"Panegyrics  of  the  Saints  from  Bossuet  and 
Bourdaloue, ' '  noAV  presents  a  selection  from 
Lacordaire  's  famous  Conferences  on  ' '  Politi- 
cal and  Social  Philosophy. ' '  They  deal  with 
marriage,  cliastity,  humility,  brotlierhood, 
kindness,  the  rights  of  man,  Socialism,  civil 
authority,  Cluirch  and  State,  liberty,  Ireland, 
and  the  love  of  Christ — a  somewhat  odd  con- 
glomerate, and  are  prefaced  by  an  editorial 
foreword  giving  a  brief  account  of  Lacor- 
daire's  life  and  an  estimate  of  his  laljors.  The 
editor  has  used  the  pruning  knife  on  some  of 
these  discourses,  and  one  would  wish  that  he 
had  used  it  even  more  freely,  for  there  is 
still  a  little  more  rhetoric  than  the  modern 
reader  likes.  We  regret  the  absence  of  an 
alphabetical  index.  (Kegan  Paul  and  B. 
Herder  Book  Co.) 

— "Le  Droit  des  Religieuses,  scion  le 
Code  de  Droit  Canonique,  par  le  R.  P. 
Louis  Fanfani,  0.  P.''  (Marietti,  Turin, 
Italy)  is  a  French  translation,  by  P.  Louis 
Masserey,  of  the  Latin  work  already  reviewed 
in  the  F.  R.  This  French  edition  contains 
three  appendices,  which  offer  in  extenso  the 
New  Xormae,  the  Decree  concerning  the  re- 
vision of  Constitutions,  and  the  List  of  Ques- 
tions for  the  quinquennial  report.  The  last 
named  list  has  only  (!)  105  questions  to  be 
answered.  It  is  alxnit  time  that  this  For- 
mulary, as  well  as  the  one  for  the  Diocesan 
Report,  be  shortened,  because,  I  venture  to 
say,  hardly  any  religious  superior  or  prelate  is 
honestly  able  to  answer  all  these  questions. 
Then  too,  a  little  less  bureaucracy  would  not 
hurt  the  interests  of  the  Church. — Fr.  Charles 
Augustine,  O.  S.  B. 

— The  Rev.  J.  Lacau,  S.  C.  J.,  has  compiled 
a  useful  manual  for  both  clergy  and  laity  in 
his  "Precieux  Tresors  des  Indulgences."  It 
is  a  veritable  handl)ook  of  indulgences,  con- 
taining first  of  all  a  doctrinal  and  canonical 
explanation  of  the  subject,  then  the  indul- 
gences attached  to  various  objects  of  devo- 
tion, with  the  formulae  for  imparting  them, 
and,  finally,  a  selection  of  indulgenced  prayers. 
The  book  is  not  so  exhaustive  as  the  "Rac- 
colta,"  but  has  the  advantage  of  being  up 
to  date.  In  his  theological  teaching  the 
author  follows  St.  Thomas  and  the  Code. 
Occasionally  there  is  a  welcome  infusion  of 
historical  lore,  as  ■\\iien  P.  Lacau  gives  de- 
tails from  the  penitential  books  of  old  re- 
garding tlie  puljlic  penances  in  use  in  the 
primitive  Church.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that 
he  has  not  inserted  the  indulgences  attached 
to  scapulars  other  than  the  so-called 
"classic''  ones,  also  that  he  has  omitted  the 


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THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


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(Turin:  Marietti). 


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390 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY   KEVIEW 


Sept  ember  15 


A  SPRINKLE  OF  SPICE 


Wife — "George,  the  cook  left  and  I  don't 
know  what  we  are  going  to  eat  for  the  next 
few  days. 

Mr.  H. — "You  still  have  my  old  letters, 
haven  "t  you?  ' ' 

Wife — ' '  Yes,  of  course. 

Mr.  H. — "Well,  drag  'em  out,  and  we'll 
have  mush  for  breakfast  anvwav.'" 


lu  "Eighteenth  Century  Studies."'  by 
Father  Eobert  Braeey,  O.  P.,  (Oxford:  Basil 
Blackwell),  there  is  an  amusing  account  of 
the  Spanish  Jesuit,  Jose  Francesco  de  Isola, 
who  cured  the  exaggerated  formality  of 
Spanish  preaching  by  parodying  it.  He  wrote 
the  imaginary  life  of  a.  young  preacher,  who, 
if  he  were  asked  how  he  did,  would  answer, 
" Materialiter,  well;  formalifpr.  ,<iul)distinguo, 
reduplicative  ut  Jiomo,  nothing  ails  me;  re- 
duplicative lit  religiosiis,  I  am  not  without  my 
troubles."  And  who,  if  he  had  to  address  a 
convent  of  nuns,  was  taught  to  apostrophize 
them  thus:  "Celestial  Choir!  Seraphic  lilies! 
Daughters  beloved  of  Heaven  and  of  Heaven's 
sons!      Consecrated   swans!'' 


In  Prior  Bracey's  "Eighteenth  Century 
Studies"  we  are  sliown  the  striking  tigure  and 
manifold  works  of  the  French  Dominican, 
Pere  Labat,  in  the  West  Indies.  To  this  day, 
we  are  told,  ' '  if  some  mysterious  light  be  seen 
on  the  hills  after  nightfall,  the  negro  laborer 
will  cross  himself  and  say,  '  See,  the  lantern  of 
Pere  Labat!  Still  on  the  mountain-top  does 
he  hunt  down  the  deadly  snake!  '  "  The 
labors  of  this  good  priest  were  almost  in- 
credible, but  he  was  helped  by  a  sense  of 
humor.  He  Avrote  of  some  friars  he  met  at 
Cadiz  :  ' '  All  these  Spanish  priests  were  wear- 
ing very  large  spectacles,  which  they  believe 
give  them  a  great  air  of  gravity  and  impress 
the  common  people  with  an  idea  of  their  in- 
cessant application  to  study." 


A  man  who  had  been  advised  by  his  lawyer 
upon  the  matter  of  making  ever}i:hing  over  to 
his  Avife,  later  wrote  to  him  thus:  "Dear  Sir, 
having  as  you  advised  me  put  all  my  pos- 
sessions in  my  wife's  name,  I  regret  to  say  I 
now  have  no  money  to  pay  you  for  your 
services." 


The  new  evolution  theory  recently  pro- 
pounded by  Professor  Wood-Jones  at  Mel- 
bourne as  to  the  possibility  of  apes  having  de- 
scended from  man,  recalls  a  discussion  be- 
between  a  Protestant  theological  student  and 
his  tutor.  ' '  I  really  do  not  see,  sir, ' '  ex- 
claimed the  former,  "that  it  would  make 
much  difference  to  me  even  if  my  great  great 
great .  .  .  grandfather  had  been  a  monkey. ' ' 
' '  No, ' '  replied  the  tutor,  ' '  it  wouldn  't  make 
much  difference  to  you,  but  it  would  have 
made  a  great  deal  of  difference  to  your  great 
great  great  .  .  .  grandmother!  " 


JUST  PUBLISHED 


AN  INTRODUCTION 
TOCHURCHHISTORY 

A    Book    for    Beginners 

By  The 

REV.  PETER  GUILDAY,  Ph.  D. 

Cloth,  8vo.,  VIII  &  350  pages 

Net  $2.00 

I  HAD  the  pleasure  of  readhig  this 
work  in  its  proof  sheets  and  I  feel 
certain  that  the  autlior  has  made  a  se- 
rious contribution  to  the  advancement  of 
critical  scholarship  in  this  country,  that 
it  will  fill  a  badlv  felt  need  in  our  schools 
and  colleges,  and  that  it  will  go  far  to 
improve  the  methods  of  reading  and 
studying.  Church  History  in  our  Semi- 
naries. The  author's  grasp  of  histori- 
cal method,  his  realization  of  what  is 
needed  to  stimulate  historical  studies,  his 
vision  of  what  can  and  how  it  should  be 
accomplished,  his  tireless  energy  in  do- 
ing everything  calculated  to  promote 
scientific  study  of  Church  History,  his 
captivating  personality  which  makes 
itself  felt  in  all  his  writings,  and  his 
mastery  of  style,  all  combine  to  fit  him 
perfectly  for  the  great  task  to  which  he 
is   eonseei'ating  his  life. 

^lay  his  book  be  truly  appreciated! 

~Ma\  God  bless  Avith  success  his  am- 
bitious plans  to  bring  together  all  Cath- 
olic scholars  of  Church  History  in  the 
association  he  has  founded;  may  the  re- 
view he  organized  and  edited  contuiue ; 
may  his  seminar  continue  to  produce 
trained  historical  scholars ;  may  the  cen- 
tral Catholic  libraries  and  archives  he  is 
promoting  be  pirovided :  may  the  new  In- 
stitute for  American  Church  History  at 
the  Catholic  University  be  founded; — in 
one  Avord,  may  he  be  spared  to  continue 
this  movement — this  great  movement  he 
is  promoting  for  History,  for  the  Church 
and  for  America. 

Her.  Fdward  J.  Eicl-cii.   Ph.  D. 


B.  Herder  Book  Co. 

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THE  FOETXIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


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ST,  ANTHONY'S  CORNER 

it  iiuulit  t'l  V:,e  a  Consolation  for  thosL-  in  need  of  teniporal  and 
spiritual  favors'  to  kno\v  tliat  the  Great  "WoncTer-Worker  of  Padua 
does  not  confine  hi.s  heli)  to  Catholics,  but  as  our  good  Sisters  in 
the  hospitals  rerei\'e  and  minister  as  lovingly  to  Protestants  and  .lews 
as   to  Catholics,    so   St.    Anthony   intercedes   for  all   who   invoke   him. 

This  has  been  demonstrated  again  and  and  again  in  the  Xovena 
at  his  Famous  Graymoor  Shrine,  as  the  many  testimonials  we  have 
received  from  these  grateful  people  demonstrate,  and  which  we 
have  puljlished  from  time  to  time.  Below  we  publish  some  of  the 
recent    thanksgiving   letters   sent    to    us: 

Mrs.  H.  C  Wis.:  "The  petition  which  I  sent  in  last  month  was  answered  in  a 
wonderful  way.  My  husband  had  not  received  the  Sacraments  for  over  two  years. 
I  have  been  petitioning  St.  Anthony  for  some  time  for  his  return  to  God,  and  last 
month  we  had  a  ^Mission  at  our  Church.  My  husband  attended  most  of  the  sermons, 
went  to  Confi-ssirai  and  Holv  Communion,  for  whicli  1  am  very  thankful  to  St. 
Anthony  and  the  Graymoor  Novena." 

Mrs.  T.  J.  M..  Long  Island:  "Enclosed  please  find  check,  "which  I  send  every  week 
to  St.  Anthony  when  my  husband  makes  a  full  ^veek's  pay.  Ever  since  I  have  made 
a  practice  of  sending  this  weekly  offering  to  St.  Anthony,  my  husliand  has  made  full 
pay,  and  has  even  had  overtime. 

J.  E.  A..  Toledo,  O.:  "T3nclosed  find  an  offering  for  St.  Anthony  for  a  favor  re- 
ceived through  his  Intercession,  namely,  the  rfcovery  of  our  car,  which  was  stolen  and 
had  been   missing  over  three   weeks." 

Mrs.  P-  H.  G..  Toledo  (>•  "Fr' losed  you  will  find  a  thank  offering  for  St. 
Anthony's  Bread.  I  prayed  to  St.  Anthony  to  recover  a  diamond  earring  which  I  had 
lost,   and  to  my  surprise  I  found  it  the  next   day." 

P.  F.,  Nebraska:  "I  asked  to  be  included  in  the  Novena  to  St.  Anthony  at  Gray- 
moor that  T  mis-ht  rent  to  •■'  rood  tenant,  prd  almost  im'r.ediateh"  my  prayer  was  an- 
swered. In  thanksgiving  please  find  half  of  the  first  month's  rent  for  St.  Anthony's 
Bread.'' 

G.  L.  B.,  Postdam.  N.  Y.:  "Last  year  I  asked  you  to  pray  that  my  business  should  be 
successful  promising  a  donation  to  St.  Anthony's  Poor,  and  your  prayers  were  answered. 
As  my  business  lias  also  been  successful  this  year  when  it  seemed  very  doubtful,  I  feel 
that  i  should  make  another  small  offering  to  St.  Anthony  since  he  has  been  so  good 
to  nie." 

The  pi-iars  of  the  Atonement  will  be  pleased  to  enter  your  intentions  in  the  Per- 
petual Novena.  which  begins  each  Tuesday  and  ends  the  following  V^'ednesday.  Tliey 
■will  also  send   you  the   recpiired   prayers   and    directions   for   said   Novena. 

Address  you  petitions  to: 
St.  ANTHONY'S  GRAYMOOR  SHRINE,  FRIARS  OF  THE  ATONEMENT, 
BOX  316,  PEEKSK^LL,  N.  Y. 


Jury  Warrants  Cashed  Bell,  Main  1242 

SEA  FOODS  IN  SEASON 


Victor  J,  Klutho 

Architect  and 


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Illinois  Licensed  Engineer 


The  Fortnightly  Review 


VOL.   XXXII,  XO.   19 


ST.  LOUIS,   MISSOURI 


October  1.   1925 


CHRONICLE  AND  COMMENT 


The  Pan-German  League  and  the 
World  War 

Mildred  S.  Wertheimer  lias  pub- 
lished, ill  the  "Columbia  University 
Studies  in  History,  Economics,  and 
Public  Law"  (Longmans),  an  account 
of  "The  Pan-German  League,  1890- 
1914."  As  this  chauvinist  organiza- 
tion was  widely  blamed  for  bringing 
about  the  AVorid  War,  Miss  Werthei- 
mer's  investigation  was  timely,  though 
the  conclusions  she  has  reached  will 
not  be  relished  by  what  a  reviewer  in 
the  Catholic  Historical  Revieiu  calls 
"the  Yellow  Journal  School  of  histor- 
ical criticism." 

The  Pan-German  League  Avas  found- 
ed in  1890,  as  a  protest  against  the 
Angio-German  agreement  of  that  year, 
by  the  terms  of  which  Great  Britain 
ceded  Heligoland  to  Germany  in  re- 
turn for  the  recognition  of  a  British 
protectorate  over  Zanzibar,  Pemba,  and 
the  Sultanate  of  Witu.  Its  founders 
were  actuated  mainly  by  Anglophobia 
and  partly  by  anti-Semitism.  Numer- 
ous meetings  were  held,  and  a  maga- 
zine called  AUdeutsche  Blatter  was 
published.  Many  thousands  were  spent 
in  circulating  chauvinistic  literature. 
The  author  shows,  however,  that  the 
League  was  in  no  sense  representative 
of  the  German  people.  Its  membership 
never  rose  above  21,924,  and  after  1905 
was  considerably  less.  The  largest 
number  of  subscribers  to  the  AUdeut- 
sche Blatter  was  a  little  over  8,000. 
There  was  a  good  deal  of  trouble  in 
collecting  dues,  as  shown  in  the  pub- 
lished tables  of  arrears.  Clearl}-  the 
League  did  not  receive  the  support  of 
any  large  number  of  Germans.  We 
ourselves  remember  reading  strong  pro- 
tests against  its  activities  in  the  Catho- 


lic press  of  Germany.  The  literature 
distributed  at  great  cost  can  to-day 
hardly  be  found  in  German  libraries. 
In  brief,  to  quote  the  summary  of  Mr. 
Arthur  H.  Sweet  in  the  current  num- 
ber (X.  S.,  Vol.  V,  Xo.  2.  p.  325)  of  the 
Catholic  Historical  Review,  "the  evi- 
dence does  not  support  the  view  that 
the  Pan-German  League  was  a  factor 
of  any  particular  moment  in  the  period 
covered  by  Miss  Wertheimer's  study." 

Negro  Catholics  and  Higher  Education 

Quoting  the  remarks  made  l)y  the 
F.  R.  (XXXII,  14,  p.  297)  in  its  iiotice 
of  Fr.  John  McGuire's  pamphlet, 
"Burning  Questions"  on  Catholic  at- 
tendance at  secular  colleges  and  uni- 
versities. Our  Colored  Missions 
(Vol.  XI  X'o.  9)  savs  editorially 
that  the  danger  to  colored  students  is 
even  greater,  and  hence,  if  providing 
Catholic  educational  facilities  for  the 
white  children  is  "a  burning  ques- 
tion," "for  the  colored  people  this 
question  is  one  at  white-heat."  AVhat 
makes  the  situation  so  much  worse  for 
the  colored  is  that  they  "are  unable 
to  help  themselves.  Children  and  par- 
ents are  up  against  a  stone  wall.  They 
are  faced  by  the  proposition:  Either 
no  higher  education  or  education  un- 
der conditions  and  environments  which 
Catholics  condemn. ' ' 

"White  Catholics,"  says  our  es- 
teemed contemporary  further  on  in  its 
article,  "have  schools  of  higher  edu- 
cation under  Catholic  auspices.  If 
they  will  not  make  use  of  them,  they 
have  no  one  but  themselves  to  blame 
for  unhappy  results.  Colored  Cath- 
olics haven't  schools  of  higher  educa- 
tion under  Catholic  auspices.  Results 
are   unhappy,    and   who   is   to   blame? 


400 


THE   FORTXIGITTLY   iJEVIEW 


Ortdhcr     1 


"The  lihinic.  ill  tlic  ()|)iiii()ii  ol'  Our  Col- 
on <l  Missions,  lies  not  with  the  Nc- 
•zroes,  ^vho  ai'c  pdoi'  jiiid  uncultured, 
hut  -with  the  wTjiltliy  white  Catholies, 
who  should  and  eoiUd  easily  help  them 
to  (]uite  an  extent  by  simply  reeeiviuu' 
i-olored  boys  and  giiis  into  those  of 
their  own  iiigher  institutions  of  learn- 
iniz'  Avhieh  are  not  tilled  to  eapaeit.w 
Harvard,  Yale,  Columbia,  Amherst, 
Smith,  Oherlin,  aiul  a  number  of  State 
uiii\-efsities  are  aeeepting  Negro  stu- 
<h'iits,  but  of  our  Catholic  colleges  and 
universities  only  Fordham  and  tlie 
University  of  Detroit  "stand  forth  as 
honorable  exceptions."  "Non-Cath- 
olic universities  and  colleges  are  not 
i)eing  ruined  nor  are  they  losing  pres- 
tige by  accepting  colored  boys  and 
girls.  Would  our  Catholic  schools  if 
they  received  Catholic  colored  youth.'" 
It  is  a  fair  and  timely  question,  and 
the  ])ages  of  the  I^\  1\.  are  open  for 
its  discussion. 

Harmony  of  Vedanta  and  Christian 
Philosophy 

The  Jioigalesc,  a  mission  magazine 
published  b}'  the  Congregation  of  the 
Holy  Cross  at  Brookland,  D.  C.,  an- 
nounces (Vol.  VI,  No.  11)  the  publi- 
i-;ilion  of  a  little  book  of  ]')()  pages, 
which,  it  says,  "is  bound  to  create  a 
sensation"  among  scholars  and  mis- 
sionaries. The  l)ook  is  l)y  Fatlier  J.  F. 
Pessein  and  is  entitlech  "  \"(Hlanta  ^^in- 
dicated,  oi*  Harmony  of  \'edanta  and 
Christian  Phih)So])li.y ""  (Trichinopoly  : 
St.  Joseph's  Industrial  School).  The 
author  contends  that  theAVestern "world 
has  been  misled  by  Pantheistic  scholars 
like  Max  Muller,Thibault,Deussen,etc., 
in  regard  to  the  leading  system  of 
Hindu  philosophy,  Vedanta,  -which,  far 
from  being  anti-Christian,  agrees  vith 
us  Catholics  against  the  materialists 
and  atlieists  in  holding  that  th(^  nni- 
^-cl■se  ])ostulates  an  intelligent  Ci'cator, 
that  the  th'eting  and  temporary  de- 
mands an  immutable  and  eternal  l)ase, 
that  there  is  an  intlnite  distance  be- 
tween the  uni\'erse  and  Cod,  and  so 
forth.  Sankara,  the  leading  Vedanta 
])hiloso]iher  of  the  ninth  century,  ac- 
cording to  Fr.  Pessein,  agrees  witli  St. 


Thomas  on  some  of  the  most  important 
])hi]osophical  questions. 

Th(^  lieiujaJcsf  reminds  us  that  Fr. 
Rohei-t  De  Nobili,  S.  J.,  not  oidy  held 
the  same  opinion,  but  carried  it  into 
])ractice  in  tlic^  old  Madura  mission  in 
southern  India,  and  that  -in  our  own 
day  the  l)rilliant  Bengali  publicist  and 
convert,  Upadhayaya,  labored  for  the 
same  idea,  as  did  also  Father  AV.  AVal- 
lace,  S.  •!.,  who  \V('nt  to  India  as  a  Prot- 
estant minislci'  and  was  led  into  the 
Catholic  pi'iesthood  in  his  search  for 
the  kind  of  spii'ituality  that  would 
Hh)ne  satisfy  his   Hindu  converts. 

Theology  for  Laymen 

AVe  ai'e  indebted  to  the  Rev.  J. 
Elliott  Itoss,  C.  S.  P.,  for  a  ver^'  gen- 
erous review  of  the  fifth  volume  of 
the  Koch-Preuss  "Handbook  of  Moral 
Theology"'  in  A^ol.  XVIII,  No.  2  of 
the  Central-BIaif  &  Social  Justice.  He 
says  that  the  book  is  realh'  nnich  more 
tlian  an  adaptation  of  Koch — "practi- 
cally a  new  work,"  with  innumerable 
iiew  references  and  everything  brought 
right  up  to  date.  "Nearly  all  the  prob- 
lems confronting  us  to-day, " "  he  re- 
marks, "are  treated  with  admirable 
convincingness."'  Dr.  Ross  emphasiz- 
es the  fact  that  this  work,  while  pri- 
marily, perhaps,  intended  for  priests, 
"will  ])rove  profitable  reading-  for  lay- 
men as  well,  ...  it  is  so  clearly  ^vritten 
and  the  various  subjects  are  so  simply 
treated  that  any  intelligent  layman' 
can  easily  understand  it.  Every  Cath- 
olic making  a  pretence  of  being  edu- 
catcnl  should  innnediately  add  it  to  his 
libi-ai'v. "" 

Fr.  Ross  thinks  that  on  one  or  two 
questions,  notably  that  of  women  suf- 
frage, this  book  "seems  to  take  an  ultra- 
conservative  ]-)Osition,""  but  adds  that, 
"on  the  whole,  it  is  advanced,  progres- 
sive, f(»rwai'd-Iooking.  AVe  may  well 
be  proud  that  American  scholarship 
has  ju'oduced  a  layman  capable  of  do- 
ing this  work.  Our  only  regret  is  that 
^ve  cannot  count  such  laymen  by  the 
hundreds.  P>ut  if  there  are  not  many 
moi'c  Avho  could  have  ]n"odueed  the 
book,  there  are  certainly  scores  of 
thousands   who   could   profit   by  read- 


i;»25 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


401 


in?  it.  And  we  hope  that  they  will  pay 
this-  tribute  to  a  scholarly  American 
layman  to  whom  we  owe  a  great  debt." 

K.  K.  K.  and  Masonry 

The  Echo  (Vol.  XT,  Xo.  29)  notes 
that  the  Masonic  and  Kluxer  Fellow- 
ship Forum  in  a  biographical  sketch 
of  Dr.  Hiram  Wesley  Evans.  "Imper- 
ial Wizard  ■■  of  the  Ku  Klnx  Klan,  has 
confirmed  the  rumor  that  that  worthy 
is  a  prominent  Freemason.  Evans,  who 
is  a  native  of  Ashland,  Ala.,  received 
his  elementary  education  in  the  public 
schools  and  had  a  year  of  higher  train- 
ing in  Yanderbilt  University  at  Xash- 
ville.  Tenn.  He  spent  his  early  man- 
hood in  Texas,  where  "for  manv  vears 


he  was  recognized  as  one  of  the  most 
active  men  in  Masonry."  He  is  now 
a  member  of  Pentagon  Lodge,  Xo.  1080, 
F.  &  A.  M.,  at  Dallas,  a  Past  Patron 
of  the  Eastern  Star,  a  member  of  the 
Grand  Chapter  of  the  Royal  Order  of 
Scotland,  and  thirty-second  degree 
Knight  Commander  of  the  Court  of 
Honor. 

It  is  significant  that  Dr.  Evans  "had 
been  devoting  almost  his  entire  time 
to  Scottish  Rite  Masonry  at  the  time 
the  Klan  was  organized."  It  is  per- 
haps no  less  significant  that  "Dr. 
Evans's  hobby  is  Americanism," — 
which,  in  the  opinion  of  most  of  those 
outside  the  K.  K.  Klan,  implies  racial 
equality  and  religious  tolerance. 


The  American  Council  of  Learned  Societies  and  Its  Work 

By  Leo  Francis  Stock,   Ph.   D. 


In  the  spring  of  1920  there  was  or- 
ganized in  Xew  York  the  American 
Council  of  Learned  Societies,  and  affil- 
iation made  with  the  Union  Acade- 
mique  Internationale,  Avliose  jjerma- 
nent  seat  is  at  Brussels.  The  Ameri- 
can Council  was  later  incorporated  un- 
der the  laws  of  the  District  of  Col- 
uml)ia  Avith  the  folloAving  constituent 
societies :  American  Philosophical  So- 
ciety, American  Academy  of  Arts  and 
Sciences,  American  Antiquarian  So- 
ciety, American  Oriental  Society, 
American  Philological  Association, 
iVrchaeological  Institute  of  America, 
Modern  Language  Association  of  Amer- 
ica, American  Historical  Association, 
American  Economic  Association,  Amer- 
ican Philosophical  Association,  Ameri- 
can Political  Science  Association,  and 
American  Sociological  Society,  each  or- 
ganization being  represented  in  the 
Council  by  two  delegates.  The  objects  of 
the  Council  are,  in  the  words  of  its  con- 
stitution, "to  advance  the  general  in- 
terests of  the  humanistic  studies  and 
especially  to  maintain  and  strengthen 
relations  among  the  national  societies 
evoted  to  such  studies."  With  pres- 
ent headquarters  at  AYashington,  it 
also  acts  as  the  medium  of  commimi- 


cation  between  the  International  Union 
and  the  societies  which  are  represented 
in  the  Council.  Some  statement  of 
the  activities  of  this  organization  in 
furthering  international  scholarship  in 
humanistic  studies  ma>-  be  of  interest 
to  the  readers  of  the  F.  R. 

It  will  be  unnecessary  to  mention  all 
the  projects  of  foreign  and  American 
origin  that  have  been  presented  to 
the  Council  at  its  several  meetings  as 
worthy  of  international  cooperation. 
It  Avili  interest  Catholic  scholars,  how- 
ever, to  note  that  at  the  first  meeting, 
Dr.  J.  F.  Jameson,  of  the  Carnegie 
Institution  of  AYashington,  Department 
of  Historical  Research,  presented  a 
proposal  for  the  continuation  of  Father 
Conrad  Eubel's  Hierarchia  Catholica, 
of  which  Yolume  III,  published  at 
Miinster  in  1910,  extends  only  through 
1600,  a  work  which  was  designated 
as  "an  invaluable  handbook  for  both 
medieval  and  modern  history."  Doc- 
tor Jameson  expressed  the  hope  that 
if  the  Council  approved  this  plan, 
others  who  were  interested  in  it  might 
supply  the  means  to  prosecute  it.  As 
the  advisability^  of  endorsing  plans  to 
which  the  Council  could  give  no  finan- 


402 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


Oetol.er    1 


cial  support  was  questioned,  the  suh- 
jeet  lias  been  postponed  without  ])re- 
judice. 

Among'  other  proposals  was  one  of 
first  iniportanee  to  American  scholars, 
and  which  is  now  assured  of  early 
fruition,  r/~.,  a  Dictionary  of  America n 
Bioyraphij,  to  be  patterned  along'  the 
lines  of  the  Engiish  Dictionary  of  Xa- 
tional  Biography.  The  generosity  of 
Mr.  Adolph  S.  Ochs,  in  the  name  of 
the  New  York  Times,  who  guaranteed 
the  sum  of  $500,000  for  this  purpose, 
will  at  last  make  possible  a  w^ork  which 
has  been  long  needed.  The  selection 
of  Professor  Allen  Johnson,  of  Yale 
University,  editor  of  the  "Chronicles 
of  America"y  as  editor-in-chief  of  the 
Dictionary,  is  a  guarantee  of  scholarly 
accomi)lis]iment.  The  Rt.  Rev.  Msgr. 
EdAvard  A.  Pace,  of  the  Catholic  Uni- 
versity, acted  as  one  of  the  delegates 
of  the  American  Philosophical  Associa- 
tion when  the  agTeement  with  Mr. 
Ochs  was  authorized. 

In  addition  to  the  above,  the  fol- 
lowing projects  are  now  receiving  the 
consideration  of  the  Council:  a  Corpus 
Vasorum  Aviiquorwn,  proposed  by  the 
French  Academy  of  Inscriptions  and 
Belles  Lettres ;  a  Dictionary  of  Medi- 
eveil  Latin,  a  revision  of  Du  Cange ; 
a  Dictionary  of  Late  Meelieval 
British  Latin,  covering  the  period 
from  the  Domesday  Book  to  1600 ;  the 
study  of  medieval  Latin  Literature,  tho 
photographing  of  manuscriiits  in  that 
field,  and  the  establishment  of  a  Jour- 
nal of  Meelieval  Stuelies,  for  which  a 
board  of  editors  has  been  appointed ; 
the  distribution  of  American  learned 
publications  al)road,  so  as  to  make 
more  available  to  foreign  scholars  the 
results  of  American  scholarship ;  the 
cataloguing  of  foreign  manuscripts  in 
American  libraries  and  collections,  for 
the  use  of  American  scholars  who  seek 
material  abroad,  not  knowing  of  the 
existence  of  analogous  papers  near  at 
hand,  as  well  as  to  keep  foreign  scholars 
informed  of  the  location  of  the  many 
manuscripts  now  finding  their  way  to 
America:  and  a  project  for  a  co)-pus 
of  classical  antiquity,  in  pictures  and 
text,  to  cover  the  period  from  the  epoch 


of  Aegean  civilization  to  about  500 
A.  D. 

More  recent  proposals,  not  yet  fully 
considered,  concern  the  r('])rodu('tion 
of  Chinese  statuettes,  historical  and 
mythological;  the  preparation  of  a  re- 
pertory of  the  incipits  of  Latin  nianu- 
scrii)ts ;  the  comi)ilation  of  a  list  or 
register  of  diplomatic  representatives; 
the  international  exchange  of  informa- 
tion and  materials  serviceable  to  schol- 
ars in  the  fields  of  government  and 
public  affairs;  and  the  compilation  of 
a  corpus  of  documents  relating  to  the 
Mediterranean  trade  from  the  twelfth 
to  the  fifteenth  centuries.  An  effort 
is  also  to  be  made  to  secure  an  annual 
subvention  of  $5000  or  $10,000  for  three 
years,  to  be  expended  in  small  grants 
of  from  $50  to  $300  in  aid  of  research 
undertaken  by  individual  scholars,  to 
be  available  for  such  purposes  as  the 
compilation  of  statistics,  preparation 
of  graphs  and  maps,  photostating  of 
documents,  etc. 

Finally,  tlie  Council  proposes  to  the 
Union  Academique  Internationale  the 
preparation  of  a  survey  of  current 
bibliography  of  the  various  fields  of 
the  humanistic  sciences,  and  has  voted 
its  willingness  to  undertake  the  survey 
for  North  and  South  America.  As  a 
beginning  of  this  enumeration  of  the 
resources  and  agencies  of  such  scholar- 
ship in  the  United  States,  the  June 
Bulletin  of  the  Council  contains  a 
"List  of  American  Journals  (hn-oted 
to  the  Humanistic  and  Social  Sciences," 
com])iled  by  the  present  writer,  con- 
taining about  160  titles.  Subsequent 
lists  will  contain  the  serials  other  than 
journals,  such  as  Studies,  Reports, 
Proceedings,  Collections,  etc. 


The  ability  to  laugh  at  one's  self 
is  the  surest  sign  of  sanity.  There  is 
no  i-eal  laughter  in  an  insane  asylum, 
that  is,  not  the  quiet,  smiling  kind 
that  really  counts.  It  is  this  power 
to  smile  at  themselves  that  has  kept 
the  Irish  so  sane  in  spite  of  the  melan- 
choly ocean  by  which  they  are  sur- 
rounded at  home  in  Ireland. — Dr.  Jas. 
J.  Walsh  in  the  Catholic  World,  No. 
716. 


1925  THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 

The   Psychiatric   Study   of   Conduct   Problems 

By  the  Rev.   Albert  Muntsch,  S.  J. 

(II.  Conclusion) 


403 


Let  us  illustrate  by  some  concrete 
] problems  the  help  which  this  study  of 
behavior  can  give  to  a  worried  teacher. 

Walter  S.,  now  16,  is  still  in  the  7th 
grade  of  the  parochial  school.  All 
through  his  school  career  he  has  been 
a  burden  to  his  teachers.  He  has  not 
lieen  positively  criminal,  he  has  never 
been  arrested,  but  teachers  agree  in 
saying  that  he  is  "queer."  He  some- 
how or  other  does  not ' '  get  along. ' '  He 
evidently  hates  school.  He  plays  tru- 
ant frecpiently,  is  nervous,  quarrels 
with  the  other  children,  is  untidy,  tells 
lies  and  has  been  known  to  steal  from 
other  pupils.  People  living  in  the  vi- 
cinity of  the  school  have  complained 
that  the  boy  defaces  fences  and  walls 
A^  ith  chalk. 

Here  is  an  interesting  case.  The  boy 
is  evidently  "retarded."  But  is  this 
due  to  feeblemindedness,  to  early  sick- 
ness, to  constant  moving  and  change  of 
school,  or  to  some  hereditary  defect? 

A  friend  suggests  a  psj'chiatric  ex- 
amination. The  doctor  finds  numerous 
physical  defects,  especially  defective 
vision.  The  mother  is  alcoholic,  the 
father  quarrelsome,  and  takes  no  in- 
terest in  this  boy.  The  latter,  being 
looked  upon  as  a  "dummy,"  has  be- 
come disgusted  with  school.  He  says 
he  wants  to  be  a  chauffeur,  for  he  likes 
autos. 

The  psychiatrist  gives  the  solution. 
Give  the  boy  a  chance  to  learn  some- 
thing about  automobiles.  For  he  is  not 
feeble-minded.  He  can  be  trusted  at 
that  work.  He  knows  that  a  chauffeur 
must  be  very  careful  of  the  lives  of 
others.  In  fact,  W.  says:  "I  would 
rather  be  killed  myself  than  hurt  anj'^- 
one." 

Other  recommendations  were  made  to 
the  parents  and  the  pastor.  "Can  you 
not  find  a  'big  brother'  for  this  lad? 
Get  him  interested  in  a  boys'  club,  or 
the  boy  scouts,  etc."  ;  !<| 


Another  case  is  that  of  Mary  S.,  now  ' 
in  the  seventh  grade  of  St.  R.  's  School. 
She  is  thirteen.  Her  school  work  all 
along  has  been  satisfactory.  In  Jan- 
uary of  the  present  year  she  seeined  to 
fall  back.  Formerh-  rather  frank  and 
open,  she  has  become  sullen  and  suspi- 
cious. The  teacher  cannot  account  for 
the  change.  Mary  does  not  seem  as  in- 
terested in  school  as  formerly;  what 
has  happened? 

It  would  be  poor  policy  to  say:  "Oh, 
a  mere  childish  whim ;  she  '11  get  over 
her  spell." 

xV  sympathetic  inquiry  revealed  the 
following  facts :  Mrs.  S.  was  not 
Mary's  mother,  as  the  child  had  all 
along  believed.  But  after  the  death  of 
her  husband  she  adopted  this  child, 
Avhose  antecedents  were  entirely  un- 
known. But  she  believed  it  best  to 
raise  the  foundling  as  her  own  daugh- 
ter. One  day  the  child  learnt  the  truth. 
The  revulsion  of  feeling  on  being  told 
that  the  woman  she  had  regarded  as 
her  mother,  was  not  her  mother, 
brought  about  abnormality  of  conduct. 

I  believe  the  importance  of  mental 
conflicts  and  of  obsessional  imagery  as 
direct  causes  of  delinquency'  in  chil- 
dren is  not  always  understood  by  our 
teachers.  If  the  latter  realized  the 
agony  produced  in  some  minds  by  such 
a  train  of  undesirable  imagery,  and  the 
serious  misconduct  to  which  it  often 
leads,  they  would  take  a  more  rational 
and  sympathetic  attitude  towards  a 
very  distressing  sitution.  I  shall,  there- 
fore, chiefly  on  the  basis  of  Dr.  Healy's 
"Mental  Conflicts  and  -Misconduct," 
■  briefly  mention  this  source  of  delin- 
quency from  which  even  the  best  in- 
structed and  best  trained  Catholic  chil- 
dren are  not  immune.  It  is  in  the  an- 
alysis of  these  difficult  cases  that  the 
psychiatric  procedure  is  of  immense 
benefit.  Of  course,  this  does  not  mean 
that  the  methods  of  the  clinic  are  really 
superior    to    those    suggested    by    our 


404 


THE  FORTXIGHTLY  REVIEW 


October    1 


ascetic  autliorities.  In  fact,  the  spir- 
itual guide,  sometimes  unconsciously, 
uses  the  method  of  the  skilled  psychi- 
atrist.* 

Before  defining-  ''mental  conflict""  I 
shall  give  the  opinion  of  an  experi- 
enced probation  officer,  Mr.  Charles  L. 
Chute  of  New  York,  on  the  value  of 
the  psychiatric  clinic.  I  quote  his  words 
because  he  rightly  maintains  that  not 
all  delinquent  children  are  feeble- 
minded and  because  he  recognizes  the 
importance  of  mental  conflicts  as  cau- 
sative factors  in  all  kinds  of  delin- 
quency. 

He  writes :  ' '  AVhile  recent  studies 
have  seemed  to  disprove  the  theory  that 
a  very  large  percentage  of  the  children 
dealt  with  by  our  courts  are  feeble- 
minded or  even  seriously  ps3'chopathic, 
yet,  according  to  recent  estimates, 
many  of  them  are  definitely  abnormal. 
Among  these  children  are  some  of  the 
most  difficult  with  whom  the  court  has 
to  deal.  Besides  the  definitely  defec- 
tive are  many  alniormal  or  border-line 
children,  neurotic,  retarded,  or  with 
mental  conflicts  and  complexes,  often 
the  result  of  evil  environment  and  mis- 
treatment by  those  who  should  have 
been  their  guardians  and  protectors. 
Here  the  advice  of  a  trained  psychi- 
atrist and  psychologist  is  of  immense 
value  both  to  the  court  in  determining 
what  to  do  with  the  child  and  to  the 
probation  officer  Avhen  probation  is 
tried.  .  .  .  Though  a  majority  [of  the 
children  brought  to  the  probation  offi- 
cer] are  inherently  normal,  they  are 
abnormal  in  conduct  at  least.  They  are 
'unbalanced,'  suffer  from  emotional 
instability,  mental  repression,  extreme 
diffidence  or  exaggerated  ego,  have  feel- 
ings of  imaginary  superiority  or  social 
isolation.  These  personality  defects  are 
often  responsible  for  imperfect  life  ad- 
justments. There  is  need  for  united 
effort  to  search  out  and  develop  appro- 
priately the  basic  instincts  and  deep 
emotional  undercurrents  which  have  so 

*The  writer  does  not,  of  course,  conmiend 
the  entire  procedure  as  followed  in  some 
clinics.  The  ideal  for  us  would  be  a  clinic 
in  which  the  whole  personnel  is  guided  by 
principles  of  Catholic  ethics. 


much  to  do  in  sha]:)ing  personality,  de- 
termining character,  and  controlling 
conduct. 

But  what  is  the  ''mejital  conflict"  re- 
ferred to  in  the  preceding  para- 
graph ?  I  would  define  it  as  a  distur- 
bance arising  in  the  mind  from  obses- 
sional thoughts  {ZwangisvorsfeJIuu- 
gen),  which  the  person  can  control  or 
repress  only  Avith  difficulty  and  for 
whose  presence  in  the  field  of  conscious- 
ness he  is  not  (ahvays)  entirely  respon- 
sible. Dr.  Healy  defines  it  as  "  a  con- 
flict between  elements  of  mental  life," 
which  "occurs  when  two  elements,  or 
systems  of  elements,  are  out  of  harmony 
with  each  other."  He  states  that  a 
great  variety  of  misconduct  arises  upon 
the  basis  of  mental  conflict.  Forty 
cases  are  discussed  in  his  book,  and 
their  "range  is  from  the  less  serious, 
but  sustained  bad  behavior  of  child- 
hood, to  deeds  of  actual  crime.  .  .  . 
There  is  little  in  the  way  of  misbe- 
havior to  Avhich  mental  conflict  may 
not  lead."" 

This  eminent  authority  gives  the  fol- 
lowing kinds  of  delinquency  that  he 
traced  to  forms  of  mental  conflict — all 
of  the  cases  having  been  studied  at  the 
Psychopathic  Institute  of  the  Juvenile 
Court  of  Chicago :  General  trouble- 
someness  and  mischief-making,  truan- 
cy, remaining  out  over  night,  and  re- 
maining away  from  home,  vagrancy, 
stealing  (very  many  cases),  sometimes 
developing  into  kleptomania,  forgery, 
sexual  offences,  cruelty,  self -injury,  and 
others. 

We  are  especially  interested  in  his 
conclusion  that  "no  one  of  our  find- 
ings is  so  important  as  the  general  dis- 
covery tliat  the  study  of  mental  con- 
flicts is  a  scientific  method  of  approach- 
ing certain  problems  of  misconduct, 
and  that  in  this  method  lies  the  possi- 
bility of  rendering  great  human 
service. ' ' 

But  what  is  really  the  most  com- 
mendable feature  in  the  modern  psy- 
chiatric clinic,  and  Avhat  makes  it  such 
a  splendid  auxiliary  to  our  schools,  is 
the  fact  that  the  culprit  is  treated  and 
considered  as  a  human  being,  an  indi- 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


405 


vidual,  a  free  personality,  and  not  as 
an  automaton  or  a  machine.  In  fact, 
the  methods  in  vogne  at  our  reputable 
psychiatric  clinics  are  a  splendid  refu- 
tation of  the  outworn  and  unscientific 
theory  of  crime  propagated  by  the  ma- 
terialistic school  of  Lombroso.  Accord- 
ing to  him  there  is  such  a  monstrosity 
as  "the  born  criminal,''  whom  the  ex- 
perienced criminologist  can  readily  de- 
tect and  classify  and  put  into  a  corres- 
ponding "pigeonhole.""  This  wretched 
unscientific  theory  is  fortunately  no 
longer  accepted  by  competent  students. 
In  Lombroso 's  system  there  is  no  free- 
dom of  the  will,  and  consecpiently  little 
hope  of  reform  for  the  malefactor.  But 
in  every  psychiatric  clinic  the  Avords 
"prognosis"  and  "outlook''  dominate 
the  procedure.  Cessation  of  delin- 
quency is  the  desideratum,  not  the 
scientific  facts  in  and  for  themselves. 
The  aim  is  to  cure.  In  fact,  Dr.  Healy 
calls  one  of  his  books  on  the  subject 
we  are  discussing,  "The  Individual  De- 
linquent." lie  rejects  all  mechanical 
and  stereot.vped  division  of  malefac- 
tors into  rigid  "types"'  or  categories. 
Each  delinquent  is  to  be  studied  as  an 
individual,  responsible  human  being. 
In  such  a  study  Ave  have  hope  to  cor- 
rect the  culprit's  conduct  and  to  hel]i 
him  to  adjust  himself  to  the  demands 
Avhich  society  makes  upon  him. 

Lombroso  and  his  school  place  chief 
stress  upon  the  physical  aspect  of  the 
individual,  disregarding  his  personal- 
ity traits,  social  difficulties,  home  en- 
vironment, etc.  In  the  psychologic 
clinic,  hoAvever,  the  general  mental 
tone  and  attitude  of  the  child  are  con- 
sidered. It  may  be  a  case  of  mental 
distraction  due  to  anxiety,  caused  by 
poverty,  by  unhappy  relationships  in 
the  3'oung,  constant  ciuarelling  of  the 
parents ;  there  may  be  personality  con- 
flicts betAveen  the  child  and  his  par- 
ents ;  there  may  be  obsessions,  fears, 
special  disabilities,  character  defects; 
there  may  be  psychopathic  conditions 
and  hereditary  defects. 

The  success  achieved  in  many  cities 
Avhere  the  psychiatric  clinic  has  wisely 
co-operated  Avith  the  schools,  suggests 


that  our  own  teachers  can  recei\"e  help 
from  the  same  agency  in  the  solution 
of  conduct  problems  of  their  pupils. 


Independence  in  Catholic  Journalism 

]\Ir.  Leon  McNeill,  of  Notre  Dame 
I'niversity,  contributes  to  the  Indiidia 
Catholic  and  Eecord  (Vol.  XVI,  No. 
808)  a  paper  on  "Independence  and 
the  Catholic  Press,"  from  Avhich  we 
quote  the  f  olloAving  passages : 

"  ObserA^ation  has  convinced  us  that 
Catholic  editors  in  this  country  are 
neither  independent  in  the  formation 
of  their  convictions  nor  fearless  in 
their  defense.  Many  of  our  editors 
and  Catholic  Avriters  are  excellent 
scholars,  Avell  A^rsed  in  the  science  of 
thinking,  and  skilled  in  the  art  of  ex- 
pression, but  on  the  AA'hole,  they  lack 
that  refreshing  A'igor  and  manly  ener- 
gy Avhich  characterize  independent 
thought. 

"No  Catholic  editor  can  in  any  Avay 
quibble  on  points  of  Catholic  doctrine 
or  boast  of  novel  and  independent 
vicAvs  touching  Catholic  faith  and  prac- 
tice. But  Avlien  there  is  ciuestion  of 
timely  problems  more  or  less  remoteh" 
connected  Avith  religion,  it  has  often 
struck  us  as  strange  that  there  should 
be  such  unanimity  and  such  identity 
of  staple  argument  in  the  Catholic 
press 

' '  The  independent  editor  Avill  per- 
haps have  a  hard  struggle  and  will 
never  be  lacking  strong  and  often  bit- 
ter opposition.  But  his  publication  is 
ever  of  a  distinctive  character  and 
doesn't  lose  its  identity  in  a  gray  back- 
ground of  trite  and  staple  mediocrity. 
His  paper  or  magazine  has  a  definite 
attitude  on  timely  questions  and  frank- 
ly puts  forth  reasons  to  support  it.  At 
times,  the  reader  Avill  be  provoked  or 
even  angered,  but  in  saner  moments 
he  must  admit  that  it  makes  him  at 
least  consider  the  other  side  of  de- 
bated ciuestions,  that  it  stimulates 
critical  thought,  that  it  turns  the 
light  into  the  dark  corners,  creates  im- 
partial discussion  of  current  questions, 
that  it  proves  an  obstinate  factor  in 
the  path  of  sentiment-sustained  prop- 


406 


THE  FOETXIGHTLY  EEYIEW 


October    1 


ag-aiuia  of  niol)  urge  issues,  aucl  that 
its  A-ii'ility  aud  positive  eharaeter  are 
refreshino'.  Ileuee  it  is  tliat  lie  looks 
forward  Avitli  eager  zest  to  each  suc- 
ceeding numljer  ^vitli  its  clean-cut 
thought,  its  vigorous  ideas,  and  its 
powerful  discussions. 

"AVlien  we  broach  a  puzzling  subject 
to  a  neighbor,  we  don't  care  so  much 
whether  his  ideas  coincide  with  ours, 
but  Ave  do  Avant  him  to  have  his  con- 
victions and  to  know  the  reason  avIiv. 
If  Ave  ditfer,  he  shoAvs  us  the  ques- 
tion from  the  opposite  point  of  vicAv, 
makes  us  see  angles  Avhich  Ave  had  per- 
haps entirely  overlooked,  and  forces  us 
to  recognize  and  strengthen  the  Aveak 
points  in  our  oavu  position.  In  like 
manner,  Avhen  Ave  sit  doAvn  for  a  friend- 
ly chat  Avith  the  current  periodical, 
Ave  don't  fancy  an  insipid  dish  of  trite 
and  spineless  discussion.  AYe  look  for 
positiA'e  couAaetions  and  sound  reasons 
fearlessly  proposed  by  an  independent 
and  courageous  editor.  .  .  . 

''AA^e  must  admit  that  there  are  a 
fcAV  independent  Catholic  publications, 
which  make  up  in  a  large  measure  for 
the  shortcomings  of  their  much  more 
numerous  contemporaries.  .  .  .  Most  in- 
dependent of  all  perhaps  is  the  Fort- 
nightly REVIEV^^  Mr.  Arthur  Preuss, 
veteran  of  oA^er  thirty  years  of  a  stormy 
editorial  career,  learned  early  in  the 
game  that  a  true  editor  must  be  ab- 
solutely unaffected  by  sentiment ;  that 
he  must  judge  calmly  and  deliberately 
of  questions  according  to  objective  and 
reliable  evidence ;  and  that,  once  con- 
vinced of  the  truth  he  must  hold  to 
it  uncompromisingly  though  dark 
clouds  gather  and  wild  winds  blow. 
Mr.  Preuss  is  a  shrewd  logician,  a  peer- 
less critical  student,  and  utterly  un- 
afraid in  giving  vent  to  his  opinions. 
In  man.Y  things,  Ave  do  not  agree  Avitli 
him :  on  several  occasions  Ave  have  cast 
his  latest  edition  aside  and  sworn  never 
to  pick  up  another,  but  Ave  still  peruse 
every  issue  from  cover  to  cover  and 
shall  continue  to  do  so  as  long  as  its 
present  scholarly  and  ultra-independ- 
ent standard  is  maintained." 


Notes  and  Gleanings 


Austin  O'Malley,  M.  D.,  in  an  ar- 
ticle contributed  to  the  Ecclesiastical 
Review  (A^l.  LXXIII,  No.  3),  declares 
that  Msgr.  Pohle  Avas  Avrong  in  saying, 
in  his  "Mariology, '■  that  the  doctrine 
that  the  B.  Y.  Mary  is  the  "dispen- 
satrix  omnium  gratiarum"  is  no  more 
than  theologically  probable.  The 
Philadelphia  doctor  makes  it  out  to 
be  an  article  of  faith !  This  is  going 
much  farther  than  the  latest  European 
champion  of  the  doctrine — a  theolo- 
gian, not  a  physician — dares  to  go.  AVe 
refer  to  Father  F.  H.  Schueth,  S.  J., 
Avho  says  in  his  recently  published 
study,  "^Mediatrix:  eine  mariolo- 
gisclie  Frage"  (to  be  had  from  the 
Rev.  John  Schueth,  Schnellville,  Ind.) 
that  "this  Avliole  question  is  by  no 
means  simple  and  easy  of  solution,  and 
those  Catholic  theologians  aa'Iio  oppose 
the  proposition  here  defended  can 
marshal  objections  and  distinctions 
AA-hich,  in  conjunction  Avitli  the  diffi- 
culties raised  by  them  against  the  doc- 
trine of  a  real  co-operation  of  Mary 
in  the  Avork  of  Redemption,  make  it 
appear  perfectly  proper  that  they 
should  attempt  to  establish  and  defend 
the  cult  of  the  Blessed  A'irgin  Avith- 
out  relying  on  the  doctrine  of  her  me- 
diatorship.'"  (Page  21).  AXe  had  better 
leave  the  solution  of  this  admittedly 
ditticult  theological  question  to  the 
professional   theologians. 


"Attempts  to  Control  the  Teaching 
of  History  in  the  Schools"'  is  the  title 
of  an  address  delivered  by  Miss  Bessie 
L.  Pierce,  of  the  University  of  loAva, 
at  the  Conference  on  the  Teaching  of 
History,  and  published  by  the  Asso- 
ciation for  Peace  Education,  5733 
Blackstone  Ave.,  Chicago,  111.  Refer- 
ring to  the  endeavors  made  recently 
by  the  Knights  of  Columbus  Histori- 
cal Commission  and  others  to  censor 
history  text-books.  Miss  Pierce  says : 
"Objections  to  the  methods  employed 
have  come  also  from  individuals  and 
committees  among  the  groups  chiefly 
criticising.  Xot  all  of  the  sect   ["?]   re- 


1925 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


407 


presented  by  Mr.  McSweeney  have  en- 
dorsed liis  point  of  view.  The  Fort- 
nighilij  Review  (XXX,  457-1:58),  for 
instance,  regretting  the  'unjust,  un- 
fair, unmerited,  and  uncalled  for  at- 
tack on  certain  textbooks/  " 


The  Dolphin  Press,  Philadelphia, 
announces  the  early  publication  of  the 
second  edition  of  Msgr.  F.  G.  Hol- 
weck's  "Fasti  Mariani,"  first  pub- 
lished in  1892.  The  new  edition  will 
be  a  new  work  in  arrangement  as  well 
as  in  a  large  portion  of  its  contents. 
The  arrangement  will  be  in  calendar 
form,  giving  day  by  day  every  single 
liturgical  feast  of  Our  Lord  and  Our 
Lady  throughout  the  liturgical  year.  Li 
addition  to  personal  research  made 
during  four  trips  to  Europe,  the  author 
has  for  years  conducted  an  active  cor- 
respondence with  liturgists  and  libra- 
rians in  all  parts  of  the  world.  Thus 
the  new  edition  of  the  "Fasti,"  print- 
ed, like  the  first,  in  Latin,  Avill  be  a 
veritable  liturgical  calendar  of  all  the 
feasts  of  God  and  of  the  B.  V.  Mary 
celebrated  throughout  the  world,  en- 
riched  with   manv    historical   notes. 


Father  Bruno  Hagspiel,  S.  V.  D., 
the  new  rector  of  St.  Mary's  Mission 
House,  Techny,  111.,  in  a  letter  to  the 
Acolyte,  calls  attention  to  the  fact  that 
the  institution  mentioned  now  puts  up 
pure  wheat  flour  for  the  making  of 
hosts.  This  flour  is  made  from  grain 
groAvn  by  the  Brothers  of  the  S.  A".  D. 
on  the  Techny  farm  and  is  carefully 
ground  and  packed  in  a  mill  on  the 
premises,  under  the  personal  supervi- 
sion of  the  Fathers.  The  project  has 
no  thought  of  commercial  profit  be- 
hind it,  but  has  been  undertaken  solely 
as  a  spiritual  service  to  the  reverend 
clergy. 

A  new  idea  is  incorporated  in  a  little 
pamphlet  just  published  by  D.  B.  Han- 
sen &  Sons,  Chicago,  entitled  "Chris- 
tian Doctrine  Drills,  Compiled  by  a 
Sister  of  Mercy  for  Use  in  the  Paro- 
chial Schools."  This  pamphlet  con- 
tains the  principal  truths  of  the  Cate- 
chism and  some  useful  things  not  con- 


tained in  the  Catechism,  in  the  form 
of  a  series  of  one  hundred  and  six  suc- 
cinct questions  and  answers,  designed 
for  drill  exercises  in  the  class-room. 
The  questions  and  answers  have  been 
formulated  with  pedagogical  skill  and 
their  doctrinal  correctness  is  guaran- 
teed by  the  imprimatur  of  Cardinal 
Mundelein.  A  child  who  has  learned 
to  master  the  contents  of  this  booklet 
will  be  better  informed  regarding  his 
religio!!,  its  teachings  and  practice, 
than  many  an  adult  who  considers 
liimself  well  instructed.  For  a  new 
edition  we  would  suggest  the  omission 
of  a  few  things  that  can  be  dispensed 
with  in  an  elementary  text-book  of 
this  kind,  especially  the  so-called 
"Promises  of  the  Sacred  Heart," 
which  take  up  the  whole  of  page  26. 


Under  the  title,  "Chauvinism  in  a 
great  theological  reference  work"  the 
Theolofjische  Revue  (Vol.  XXI Y,  No. 
8)  says:  "Dom  Leclereq,  0.  S.  B.,  in- 
troduces the  article  'Germanie'  in  the 
'  Dictionnaire  d  'Ai'cheologie  Chre- 
tienne  et  de  Liturgie,'  written  as  lately 
as  1924,  Avith  the  words:'  'Alphabeti- 
cal sequence  now  compels  us  to  devote 
an  article  to  an  accursed  land  and 
race  (a  une  terre  et  a  une  race  mau- 
dites).'  The  concluding  sentence  corres- 
ponds to  the  introduction.  The  entire 
article  is  woefully  out  of  tune  with  the 
Benedictine  motto  'Pax,'  and  hence 
the  statement  of  Abbot  Ildephonse 
Herwegen  of  Maria-Laach,  that  'P. 
Leclereq  is  no  longer  a  member  of  the 
Order  of  St.  Benedict'  (cfr.  Kolnische 
Volkszeitung,  July  9,  1925,  No.  499), 
is  a  relief,  provided  the  departure  of 
the  former  French  officer  Leclereq 
from  the  Benedictine  Order  was  a  re- 
sult of  this  unpardonable  blunder." 
The  Revue  also  calls  attention  to  the 
fact  that  the  publishers  of  the  refer- 
ence work  in  question,  Letouzy  &  Ane, 
of  Paris,  cpiote  Prof.  F.  Diekamp,  of 
the  University  of  Miinster,  as  recom- 
mending their  "Dictionnaire"  in  the 
Frankfurter  Zeitung,  which  is  a  mis- 
representation, as  that  scholar  has  nev- 
er written  anv  such  recommendation. 


408 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


Octolier    1 


A  bodk  (111  iH'liuious  oi'dcrs  liy  a 
pupil  of  Atlolpli  ilaniai'k,  ai^peariug 
Avith  tlir  inipriinatur  of  a  (^atliolic 
liisliop.  is  ;i  sufficiently  rare  ])luMioine- 
iiou  to  warrant  our  taki]i<i'  notice  of 
Hans  Karl  AVendlandt 's  ""Die  ^veibli- 
clien  Orden  unci  Kon<iregationen  der 
katholischen  Kirclie  und  ilire  Wirk- 
samkeit  in  Preiissen  von  1818-1918" 
(Paderborn:  Sclioenin^li).  Dr.  AVend- 
landt, we  see  from  the  Theologische 
Revue  (Xo.  8,  col.  .'508),  not  oidy  tries 
to  understand  Catholic  relio'ious  life, 
but  energetically  defends  it,  for  the 
reason  that  it  is  thoroughly  Christian 
and  benefits  Protestants  as  well  as 
Catholics.  "The  Catholic  religion," 
lie  says,  "stands  and  falls  with  belief 
in  the  divinity  of  Christ,  .  .  .  yes,  it 
teaches  that  God  is  I'eally  jn-esent  in 
the  host  ....  One  does  not  need  to  l)e 
a  Catholic  to  understand  that  the 
Eucharistic  Savioui-  ....  inflames  the 
hearts  of  his  followei's  with   His  oavu 

love  of  sacrifice The  Eucharistic 

God  is  indeed  the  strength  of  Cath- 
olicism."— Let  us  hope  that  this  re- 
markable history  of  the  female  re- 
ligious orders  in  Prussia,  so  appi-e- 
ciatively  written  by  a  Protestant,  Avill 
help  to  remove  at  least  some  of  the 
prejudices  that  unfortunately  still  ex- 
ist among  non-Catholics,  and  not  only 
in  Germany.  And  also  let  us  say  a 
prayer  for  the  conversion  of  Dr. 
AVendlandt. 


St.  Augustine's  "rationes  seminales"' 
are  often  quoted  in  favor  of  evolution, 
though  hitherto  nobody  has  taken  the 
trouble  to  ascertain  what  the  Saint 
really  meant  by  that  expression.  In 
"Augustine  and  Evolution''  Fr.  Henry 
AVoods,  S.  J.,  shows  that  he  did  not 
mean  that  forces  in  nature  can  bring 
anything  out  of  nothing,  but  that 
"rationes  seminales"  refers  to  that 
passive  potentiality  to  the  reception 
of  certain  developments  Avhich,  and 
Avhich  only,  are  in  harmony  with  the 
natures  that  things  primarily  received 
from  God.  That  is  the  Avay  St.  Thomas 
understood  the  phrase.  "AVe  call 
them  seminal  reasons,"  he  says,  "not 
because    thev    contain    the    being    im- 


perfectly, as  is  the  case  with  the  form- 
ative virtue  in  the  seed,  but  because 
such  virtues  were  l_)y  the  Avork  of  the 
six  days,  placed  in  the  first  created  in- 
dividuals of  things,  so  that  from  them, 
as  fi-oni  seeds,  natural  things  might 
be  produced." 


The  EecJesldsficdl  Review  (Vol. 
LXXllT,  Xo.  3,  p.  315)  calls  atten- 
tion to  the  fact  that  under  the  new 
Code  of  Canon  LaAv  a  Catholic  who 
contracts  marriage  with  a  non-Cath- 
olic before  a  heretical  minister  does 
not  thereby  fall  under  the  penalties 
for  heresy,  as  formerly,  when  he  was 
classed  as  a  heretic  or  as  favoring  here- 
sy. He  now  incurs  a  sjiecific  excom- 
munication reserved  to  the  Ordinary 
(can.  2329,  §  1),  and  not  the  exconi- 
inunication  for  heresy  reserved 
"s])eciali  modo"  to  the  Pope. 

Arthur  Train's  sensational  maga- 
zine tale.  "The  Lost  Gospel,"  has  been 
made  into  a  book  (Scribjier's)  Avith  a 
jn-eface,  from  Avhich  it  appears  that 
"many  clergymen  and  others"  Avere 
dis])osed  to  accept  the  narrative  as 
founded  on  fact.  The  author  ]iro- 
nounces  it  entirely  imaginary.  The 
finding  of  "the  Fifth  Gospel"  by  a 
Chicago  youth  and  a  German  scientist 
shortly  before  the  opening  of  the  AVorld 
AVar  and  the  burning  by  the  German 
of  the  precious  papyrus  Avhicli  Avould 
have  revolutionized  the  Avorld,  Avas  so 
fantastic  that  only  the  most  credulous 
could  have  been  deceived  hy  it :  still 
it  seems  that  manv  Avere  fooled. 


Fr.  C.  C.  Alartindale,  S.  J.,  in  a  re- 
cent issue  of  the  Mouth,  Avarmly  com- 
mends the  second  volume  of  Pere  Pi- 
nard  de  la  Boulaye's  great  Avork  on 
comparative  religion,  "L 'Etude  Com- 
paree  des  Religions.''  The  learned 
author  distinguishes  as  the  three  stages 
of  a  com]:)lete  study  of  religion:  (1) 
hierography,  Avhicli  collects  and  sets 
forth  the  facts;  (2)  hierology,  Avhieh 
arranges  and  generalizes  upon  them ; 
and  (3)  hierosophy,  wdiich  makes  use 
of  metaphysics  in  interpreting  them. 
He  then  examines  particular  methods, 


1925 


THE  FOETXIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


409 


— the  historical  method :  the  philo- 
logical method,  which  "is  now,  poor 
thing',  so  badly  nnder  the  weather ; ' ' 
the  elder  anthropology,  "now  very 
battered;''  the  modern  anthropology, 
admirable  in  scientific  probity  and 
much  nearer  to  true  history,  yet  im- 
potent to  solve  any  of  the  radically 
important  Cjuestions — especially  those 
concerning  origin,  interconnection,  and 
value  of  the  religions  phenomena  or 
notions  involved ;  and,  finally,  the 
psychological  method.  Pere  de  la 
Boulaye  says  that  none  of  these  meth- 
ods is  entirely  negligible  and  that  even 
tliough  the  research  is  nowhere  quite 
complete,  certain  important  conclu- 
sions can  even  now  be  arrived  at. 


Father  Joseph  (not  Hartmann)  Gri- 
sar,  8.  J.,  has  an  articye  on  Catholic 
colleges  and  universities  outside  of 
Germany  in  the  April  number  (1925) 
of  the  Sfininien  der  Zeit  (Herder).  He 
gives  a  good  review  of  what  is  being 
done  by  American  Catholics  for  higher 
education.  The  article  is  sympathetic 
in  tone  and  shows  that  the  author  ap- 
preciates the  difficulties  which  we 
American  Catholics  labor  under  in  this 
particular  field.  On  pp.  45  and  49  Fr. 
Grisar  makes  the  mistake  of  ascribing 
the  College  of  the  Holy  Cross  at  Wor- 
cester, Mass.,  to  the  Congregation  of  the 
Holy  Cross;  it  is  a  Jesuit  institution. 

Those  of  our  readers  who  are  inter- 
ested in  Max  Seheler's  widely-dis- 
cussed speculations  on  the  philosophy 
of  religion  will  read  with  profit  a  new 
book  by  Dr.  Joseph  Geyser,  entitled 
"Max  Scheler's  Phanomenologie  der 
Keligion  nach  ihren  wesentlichsten  Leh- 
ren  allgemeinverstandlieh  dargestellt 
und  beurteilt"  (Herder,  Freiburg  and 
St.  Louis).  Father  E.  Przywara,  S. 
J.,  has  lately  written  a  volume  on  the 
same  subject,  but  we  notice  that  he  and 
Dr.  Geyser  do  not  agree  as  to  Scheler's 
system,  especially  his  theory  of  "AYe- 
senssehau"  (the  direct  perception  of 
objects  in  their  essences).  Whatever 
the  new  theory  may  amount  to.  Dr. 
Geyser  shows  convincingly  that  it  is  in- 
compatible   with    the    teaching    of    St. 


Thomas,  and  that  being  the  case,  we 
sincerely  hope  it  will  not  find  its  way 
to  America,  for  we  already  have  er- 
rors and  novelties  enough  over  here 
without  importing  this  new  strange  ism 
from  German^^ 


The  Wisconsin  legislature  has  ap- 
propriated $40,000  for  a  statue  of 
Robert  M.  La  Follette,  to  be  placed  in 
Statuary  Hall  in  the  Capitol  at  Wash- 
ington as  the  second  of  this  State's 
heroes  in  the  national  gallery  of  im- 
mortals. Each  State  is  allowed  two 
memorials.  Wisconsin's  first  statue  is 
of  Pere  Marquette,  the  great  mission- 
arv. 


There  exists  an  imperious  necessity 
for  again  elevating  Catholic  philoso- 
phy and  theology  from  the  narrow  con- 
fines of  our  present  glib  compendiums 
into  the  height  and  the  breadth  of 
view  and  the  liberty  of  the  great  scho- 
lastic masters.^ — M.  Pribilla,  S.  J. 


Correspondence 


Lafayette  and  Freemasonry 

To  the  Editor:  — 

Ecgardino'  tlie  affiliation  of  General  La- 
favette  witli  tlie  ^Fasons  (efr.  F.  E.,  Vol. 
XXXII,  p.  .332):  It  is  a  well  known  fact 
that,  as  early  as  1738,  Pope  Clement  XII 
excommunicated  every  Catholic  who  joined 
the  Masons  or  favored  them  in  any  Avay,  even 
if  these  abettors  had  never  formallv  allied 
themselves  Avitli  Masonry.  Pope  Benedict 
XIV  re-inforeed  this  measure  in  3  751.  The 
French  government  had  forbidden  all  officers 
of  the  army  to  join  the  Freemasons  as  early 
as  the  year  1742.  In  spite  of  these  papal 
and  royal  pronouncements  Lafayette  joined 
the  Masons  soon  after  his  arrival  in  this 
country.  His  colleague,  the  German  Lutheran 
De  Kalb,  followed  his  example,  as  did  also 
a  number  of  other  French  Catholic  officers 
during  the  Eevolutionary  War.  The  Ma{iazine 
of  American  History  (Vol.  Ill,  New  York, 
1879,  p.  448)  printed  a  list  of  French  officers 
Avho  joined  the  Lodge  of  St.  John  at  New- 
port, R.  I.,  in  1780  (not  1790  as  printed  by 
mistake).  There  are  in  all  nineteen  names 
of  officers  of  Eochambeau  's  forces,  among 
them  Eochambeau 's  secretary,  John  Louis  de 
Sybille.  A  study  of  all  the  other  records  of 
American  lodges  will  probably  unearth  many 
additional  names  of  French  Catholic  officers 
who  joined  the  Masons  on  this  side  of  the 
Atlantic    during    the   Eevolutionary  War. 


•±10 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


October    1 


The  reason  \\hy  these  Catliolie  Freiu-]i 
oi'liiH'rs  -were  so  eager  to  aHiliate  witli  the 
IMasoiis  is  obvious  in  luany  eases.  Tliey  in- 
tended to  better  tlieir  social  and  military 
standing  by  having  themselves  enrolled  in  the 
Masonic  Fraternity.  They  were  not  disap- 
l^ointed  in  their  expectations.  Lafayette  has 
been  quoted  as  saying  that  Washington  gave 
his  confidence  to  no  general  unless  he  knew 
him  to  be  a  Mason.  All  Major-Gencrals  of 
Washington  with  the  exception  of  four  were 
Masons.  All  Brigadier- Generals  of  Washing- 
ton were  likewise  Masons,  with  the  excepti'on 
of  tlie  Catholic,  Stephen  Moylan.  Even  the 
Catholic  Poles,  Koseinszko  and  Pulaski,  arc 
claimed  by  the  Masons.  Lafayette  Avas  made 
a  Mason  by  Washington  himself  in  the  Mili- 
tary Lodge  Xo.  79  at  Morristown  (M.  C. 
Peters,  ' '  Masons  as  Makers  of  America, ' ' 
X.  Y.,   [1917]   pp.  3-4,  43,  52,  54  sq.). 

The  first  Continental  Congress  was  com- 
posed largely  of  Masons.  Of  the  56  signers 
of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  upwards 
of  50  were  Masons  (op.  cit.,  pp.  21,  27).  Ac- 
cordingly, affiliation  with  Masonry  conferred 
so  many  temporal  emoluments  upon  the  as- 
piring foreign  officers  that  they  did  not  resist 
the  great  temptation  and  joined  the  ranks 
of  the  3Iasons. 

The  question  whether  these  Catholic  Masons 
incurred  the  censures  of  the  Church,  cannot 
be  answered  with  any  degree  of  certainty. 
To  all  appearances  these  officers  joined  Ma- 
sonry, regarding  it  as  some  sort  of  military 
club,  and  offering  military  preferment.  This 
was  surely  the  case  with  those  French  officers 
who  came  over  with  Rochambeau  in  1780.  It 
is  well  known  how  dexterously  the  Masons 
deceive  the  people  regarding  the  nature  of 
their  fraternity.  The  Masons  tell  you  to-day 
that  Pope  Pius  IX  was  one  of  their  members 
in  spite  of  the  fact  that  that  saintly  Pope 
protested  against  such  sinister  insinuations 
inauy   years   ago. 

In  view  of  these  facts  I  believe  that  -^\liile 
Lafayette's  action  in  joining  the  Masons 
must  undoubtedly  be  condemned  in  principle, 
\v!ietlicr  it  also  must  be  condemned  in  practice 
is  still  a  mooted  point  of  history. 

(Rev.)  John  M.  Lexhart,  0.  M.  Cap 
Wheeling,  W.  Ya. 


Excerpts    from    Letters 

I  do  not  know  how  far  I  am  paid  up  as  a 
subscriber  to  your  splendid  periodical.  To 
make  sure  that  I  shall  not  miss  any  number, 
all  of  which  I  prize  very  highly,  I  am  en- 
closing check  for  $50.  Thanking  you  for  the 
great  work  you  are  doing  for  God  and  coun- 
try by  the  publication  of  the  Fortnightly 
Review,  I  remain.  Yours  in  SSmo  Corde, 
—  [Rt.  Rev.  jMsgr.]  Francis  J.  Van  Antiverp, 
r.  G.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

I  am  glad  to  see  the  F.  R,  re-echo  Fr. 
Christman's  appeal  for  a  native  Negro  clergy. 


J.  SELLMANN 

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1925 


THE  FOETXIGHTLY  REVIEW 


411 


Church   Bazaars,    Festivals,    etc. 

Church  Institutions  have  been  buying  our 
goods  with  perfect  satisfaction  for  over 
thirty  years.  This  is  because  we  carry 
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We  can  refer  to  hundreds 
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Our   Catalog — 
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NOTICE  OF  REMOVAL 

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a  monthly  devoted  to  CATH- 
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lished in  Mundelein,   111. 

Annual  subscription  price  $2.00. 

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IsTENCILS  ^METALcffEO^I  _ 


^lany  among  us  seem  to  think  that  the  Xeg-ro 
is  incapable  of  intellectual  and  moral  develop- 
ment. They  do  not  know  the  capacities  of 
the  Xegro  race.  Negroes  are  ordained  to  the 
priesthood  in  Africa ;  why  not  in  this  so-called 
enlightened  country?  It  might  be  well  to  have 
some  Negro  seminarists  ordained  in  Kome ; 
then  that  great  question  Avould  be  settled. 
Let  the  F.  E.  keep  on  agitating  this  matter. 
Pius  XI  wants  Negro  priests :  why  oppose  his 
■wish? — (Bev.)  Raymond  Vernimont,  Benton, 
Texas. 

The  two  articles  on  evolution  in  the  Sept. 
1st  F.  E.  are  disposed  of  in  the  quotation 
from  Windle,  which  you  wdsely  printed  on 
page  357.  Mr.  Elder  is  in  error  if  he  thinks 
that  evolution  is  not  taught  in  Catholic 
schools,  though  unfortunately  it  is  a  fact 
that,  as  a  certain  college  professor  told  me 
not  long  ago,  many  pupils  coming  up  from 
our  sisters'  schools  regard  evolution  as  a 
heresy.  Mr.  Elder  seems  to  think  that  c  olu- 
tion  necessarily  involves  the  denial  of  God; 
this,  of  course,  is  not  at  all  the  case. — ^'.  11. 

I  fail  to  see  the  logic  of  Fr.  O'Meara's 
article  on  evolution  in  No.  17  of  the  F.  E. 
In  saying  that  "there  is  no  need  of  new 
species, ' '  he  simply  begs  the  question.  New 
species  constantly  appear  in  the  course  of  the 
geological  periods.  The  point  at  issue  is : 
Where  do  they  come  from?  Does  God  create 
each  one  of  them  by  a  new  creative  act,  or 
do  they  develop  from  previously  existing  or- 
ganisms? For  a  Catholic  evolutionist  the  pre- 
vious organisms  are  ' '  empowered  l)y  God ' ' 
to  produce  new  species,  for  otherwise  they 
could  not  do  so.  Thus  Prof.  Carl  Diener  of 
Vienna  says:  "In  attempting  to  assign  to 
purely  mechanical  causes  the  transformations 
as  the  result  of  which  the  present  world  of 
living  beings  stands  before  us,  we  again  and 
again  meet  with  factors  which  natural  science 
cannot  explain.  The  explanation  must  be 
sought  in  the  domain  of  metaphysics. ' '  Why 
should  "the  university  youth  and  the  man  in 
the  street  understand  evolution  to  mean  that 
a  man  is  not  responsible  and  can  follow  his 
natural  instincts  like  an  animal"?  If  he 
really  holds  this  view  it  is  because  he  has  been 
Avrongly  informed  with  regard  to  evolution, 
which,  as  such  and  in  itself,  is  entirely  inno- 
cent of  any  such  tendency. — A  Catholic 
Scientist. 

Dr.  O'Toole's  book,  "The  Case  Against 
Evolution, ' '  impresses  me  as  very  weak.  He 
produces  no  real  arguments  against  evolution. 
The  geological  portion  of  the  book  is  beneath 
criticism.  The  author  simply  copies  McCready 
Price.  Evidently  he  lacks  the  preliminary 
training  necessary  to  discuss  such  problems 
Avith  competency.  I  trust  the  Catholic  Church 
will  not  be  held  responsible  for  this  immature 
production. — A  Catholic  Professor  of  Geology. 


412 


THE  FOETXIGHTLY  EEYIEW 


October    1 


BOOK  REVIEWS 


Dom    Johner's    New    School    of    Gregorian 
Chant 

' '  A  New  Sfliool  of  Gref;oriaii  Chant.  By 
the  Eev.  Dom  Dominie  Johner,  O.  S.  B. 
Third  English  Edition,  based  upon  the  Fiftli 
i'^nhir.iiod  German  Edition.  ( Fr.  Pustet  Co., 
Inc.) 

It  is  gratifvino-  to  know  that  a  third  edi- 
tion in  English  of  this,  the  best  book  of  its 
kind  in  our  language,  has  become  necessary. 
Would  that  a  fourth  would  soon  be  needed! 
Father  Johner's  treatise  should  be  the  daily 
companion  of  every  church  musician,  at  least 
until  he  has  weaned  himself  from  secularism, 
risen  above  it,  and  entered  into  the  spirit  of 
the  liturgy.  There  is  hardly  a  question  per- 
taining to  the  office  of  choir-master,  the 
church-singer,  the  chant,  its  nature,  its  history, 
and  its  ])urpose  which  is  not  exhaustively 
treated   here. 

One  feature  deserves  particular  mention, 
and  that  is  the  copious  foot-notes  indicating 
source  and  authority  for  statements  made. 

The  book  is  the  best  possible  vade-mecum 
for  all  those  Avho  take  their  calling  seriously 
and  endeavor  to  accpiire  an  appreciation  of  the 
dignity  of  their  function,  whether  as  choir- 
director  or  church-singer,  and  a  realization  of 
the  fact  that  they  represent  the  congrega- 
tion, whose  devotion  they  have  it  in  their 
}io\ver  to  help  or  mar. 

It  remains  to  be  noted  what  the  author 
says  on  page  27  regarding  the  manner  of 
delivery  of  the  melodies:  which  should  accord 
with  tile  "free  rhythm  ....  (and)  accentua- 
tion of  the  Latin  language that  the  ac- 
cent denotes  a  strenghtening,  but  not  necess- 
arily an  extension  or  prolongation  of  the 
note. ' '  For  this  shading,  away  from  the  sys- 
tem of  ecpial  note-values,  and  the  absence  of 
artificial  rhythmic  signs,  we  are  truly  grate- 
ful. That  the  latter  are  a  dead  letter  in 
Dom  Johner's  own  abbey  choir  in  Beuron  the 
writer  of  these  lines  haci  occasion  to  convince 
himself  three  years  ago.             Joseph  Otten 


Literary  Briefs 

— AiHong  recent  pul:)lications  of  the  Cath- 
olic Dramatic  Company,  which,  as  our  readers 
know,  is  condiicted  by  the  Eev.  M.  Helfen,  of 
Brooten,  Minn.,  are  the  following  "Beauty," 
a  comedy-drama  for  male  and  female  char- 
acters by  Father  Helfen  himself;  "St. 
Cecilia's  Oath,"  a  drama  of  the  time  of  the 
persecutions,  with  chorus,  drill,  and  songs 
for  female  characters  by  Edmund  Waninger, 
adapted  from  the  German  by  Dr.  S.  Pfeift'er; 
and  "  Eedemption, "  a  play  for  mixed  char- 
acters, with  folk,  songs,  religious  and  litur- 
gical songs,  by  Fr.  Helfen.  Though  these 
plays  are  not  of  the  highest  literary  merit, 
they  are  far  superior  to  much  of  the  insipid 
and  sometimes  objectionable  stuff  that  is  pro- 


The    Western 
Catholic  Union 

A   Permanent   Catholic   Fraternal 
Life  Insurance  Society 

Founded  at  Quincy,   111.,  in    1877 


Catholic  to  the  core. 

Assets  approximately 
$1,100,000. 


48  years  of  aggressive  and  successful 
operation.  Eates  of  contribution  based 
on  the  American  Experience  Table. 

Free  from  all  secret  ritualistic  work, 
pass  words,  etc.  Combines  Old  Line 
Securitv   with    Fraternal   Economv. 


Our  branch  societies  are  in  reality 
parish  societies.  Admits  men,  women, 
and   children. 


Three  forms  of  certificates :  20  Pay 
Whole  Life,  Whole  Life  Special,  and 
Term  to   Age  65. 


Juvenile  Section 

Paid-up    and    extended    features    "con- 
nected   with    our    certificates. 


Eecognized  by  insurance  authorities 
as  the  last  word  in  economic  life  in- 
surance. 


Supreme  Office 

Western  Catholic  Union  Building 

Quincy,  111. 


1925 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


413 


THE  ECHO 

A  Superior  Catholic  Newspaper 


The  Ave  Maria  of  Notre  Dame, 
Ind.,  August  8,  1925,  makes  the 
following  reference  to  The  Echo  : 

"The  Echo  .  ...  is  one  of  the 
most  enterprising  and  carefull}/ 
edited  of  American  Catholic  Neivs- 
papers." 

It  is  rarely  that  Father  Hud- 
son, the  scholarly  editor  of  the  Ave 
Maria,  praises  a  contemporary  so 
unreservedlv. 


We    shall   be   glad   to   send   you   sample 
copies   upon  request 


THE  ECHO 

564  Dodge  St.         Buffalo.  N.  Y. 


A  True  Biography 

not  only  shows  us  men  with  their 
halo,  but  also  their  delinquencies. 
You  find  this  rule  applies  to  all  true 
biographies,  with  only  one  excep- 
tion, namely,  that  of  Our  Lord  and 
Saviour. 

The  Prophetical  Biography  of 
Jesus  Christ 

is  a  most  notable  book,  written  by 
that  inspired   penman, 

Rev.   V.   KruU.    C.PP.S. 

For  sale  at  all  Catholic  Book  stores 
at  75  cts.  a  copy  or  direct  from  the 
Publisher, 

JOHN  W.  WINTERICH,  •'»/,S"''J. 


dueed  on  so  many  of  our  parish  stages,  and 
we  would  advise  those  who  are  interested  in 
the  elevation  of  the  Catholic  dramatic  stage 
to  get   into  touch  Avith  Father  Helfen. 

■ — One  of  the  most  useful  and  ]>ractical 
books  for  priests,  religious,  and  the  devout 
laity  recently  published,  is  a  treatise  on  con- 
fession for  devotion 's  sake, — i.  e.,  frequent 
confession  in  whicli  onlv  venial  sin  figures 
( ' '  Die  Devotionsbeiehte ;  ' '  A'ier  Quellen  A^er- 
lag,  Leipzig,  229  pp.)  In  the  first  two  chap- 
ters the  author,  Father  Ph.  Scharsch,  0.  M.  I., 
lucidly  discusses  the  nature  of  venial  sin  and 
its  forgiveness  by  means  other  than  confes- 
sion. In  chapters  three  to  nine  he  explains 
the  different  elements  of  confession  as  ap- 
plied to  confession  for  devotion 's  sake. 
Finally  he  treats  of  the  fiiiits  of  frequent 
confession  and  tlie  advisability  of  the  prac- 
tice. A  translation  of  tlie  work  into  English 
would  be   desirable. 

— The  Rev.  Anthony  Q.  Kampshoff,  of 
Buffalo,  X.  Y.,  has  composed  a  ' '  Novena  in 
Honor  of  St.  Boniface, ' '  which,  besides  the 
usual  prayers,  embodies  a  complete,  though 
brief,  biography  of  the  Saint,  together  A\ith 
salutary  i-cflections  inspired  by  his  life  and 
deeds.  The  l^ooklct,  which  is  designed  to 
promote  devotion  to  St.  Boniface,  the  great 
Apostle  of  Germany,  among  the  descendants 
of  that  noble  race  in  the  United  States,  has 
Ijeen  beautifully  printed  by  The  Echo  and 
sells  at  $5  per  50  and  $9  per  100  copies. 
Orders  may  be  sent  to  Rev.  A.  C.  Kampslioff, 
124  Locust  Str.,  Buffalo,  X.  Y. 

— ' '  The  Left  Hander, ' '  a  novel  l:)y  the  Rev. 
(\  F.  Donovan,  managing  editor  of  the 
Chicago  l^eiv  World,  is  the  author 's  first  at- 
tempt in  fiction  and  shows  exceptional  talent. 
The  stoiy  is  realistic  in  the  good  sense,  and 
the  tendency  is  thoroughly  and  refreshingly 
Catholic.  Xed  Tracy,  the  hero,  is  a  non- 
Catholic  lawyer,  who  runs  for  Congress,  but 
is  too  noble  to  stoop  to  duplicity  to  gain 
Klan  support.  The  heroine,  Mary  Croston, 
(whose  piety  is  perhaps  somewhat  overdrawn), 
refuses  to  contract  a  mixed  marriage  and 
through  her  fine  character  traits  and  her 
prayers  finally  becomes  the  instrument,  imder 
God,  of  Xed's  conversion.  The  scene  is  laid 
in  Chicago  and  the  story,  in  the  words  of 
Msgr.  Shannon,  ' '  is  of  the  moment,  timely  to 
the  last  frill  of  fashion."  (.loseph  H.  Meier, 
Publisher,  (54  W.  Randolph  Str.,  Chicago,  111.) 

— Out  of  the  thesaurus  of  his  richly  stored 
mind  the  venerable  Father  Thomas  Hughes, 
S.  J.,  has  garnered  and  published  profound 
and  timely  thoughts  on  truth,  prayer,  religion, 
and  cognate  subjects,  under  the  title  "Talks 
on  Truth  for  Teachers  and  Tliinkers"  (Long- 
mans) .  He  sets  forth  some  tests  which  faith 
and  reason  supply  to  fix  the  value  of  modern 
notions.  Modernism  receives  a  goodly  share 
of  his  attention.  The  essays, — for  that  is  the 
Ijest    way    to    describe    these    papers,    though 


41-i 


THE  FORTXIGPITLY  REVIEW 


October   1 


most  of  tliem  are  cast  into  dialooue  form, — 
arc  seasoned  by  punoent  wit  and  apt  (pio- 
tations  from  Holy  Scripture  and  the  Fathers, 
as  Avell  as  from  secular  literature,  and  fur- 
nish a  fine  example  of  how  the  ancient  truths 
of  the  Catholic  religion  can  be  made  palatalile 
to  modern  minds.  We  could  imagine  no  bettci' 
book  for  spiritual  reading  in  communities  of 
priests  than  this  scholarly  volume  by  one  who 
is  manifestly  both  a  philosopher  and  a  saint. 

—  Fatlicr  Mattliew  J.  W.  Smith,  in  his 
"Letters  to  an  Infidel"  (Herder),  forcilily 
and  in  popular  language  refutes  some  of  the 
principal  objections  raised  against  the  Catli- 
olic  religion  by  non-believers,  e.  g.,  that  there 
is  no  God,  that  religion  is  a  human  invention, 
that  miracles  are  not  historical  facts,  that  the 
Christian  Bible  is  a  purely  human  production, 
that  if  tliere  were  a  true  Church,  it  could  not 
))e  found,  and  so  forth.  The  author,  who  is 
editor  of  the  Denver  Catholic  Begister,  de- 
votes particular  attention  to  the  vagaries  of 
^lodernism.  His  work  is  well  adapted  to  the 
])urpose  for  which  it  has  been  written.  . 

— Tlie  hite  Fr.  All)ert  Maria  Weiss,  O.  F., 
gives  an  interesting  if  somewhat  fragmentary 
accdunt  of  his  "Lebensweg  und  Lebens- 
werk,"  in  the  volume  published  shortly  before 
his  death  which  is  subtitled,  "  Ein  modernes 
Prophetenleben"  (Herder  &  Co.).  His 
enemies  called  the  eminent  Dominican  apolo- 
gete  a  modern  Jeremias,  and  he  acquiesced  in 
the  title  of  prophet.  How  well  he  cleserved  it 
by  the  literary  and  other  activities  of  his  long 
and  arduous  life  this  book  clearly  shows.  Tjie 
Avorld  is  full  of  blind  leaders  of  the  blind.  To 
be  a  prophet,  therefore,  is  to  achieve  distinc- 
tion. Fr.  Weiss  was  a  wise  prophet,  for  he 
escaped  the  peril  of  corruption  and  the  temp- 
tation of  becoming  a  snob  or  a  cynic.  We 
recommend  this  volume  to   all  his  admirers. 

— In  "His  Mystic  Body"  Fatlier  Francis 
MeCabe,  C.  :\[.,  says  that '"the  great  trouble 
with  the  world  to-day  is  a  mushy  sentimen- 
tality that  cannot  brook  tlie  uncompromising 
reality  of  truth.' '  This  is  unfortunately  true. 
Too  many  will  not  listen  to  the  Church,  the 
teacher  of  all  truth.  So  he  has  written  liis 
pages  "in  the  hope  that  they  may,  by  the 
grace  of  God,  strengthen  the  faith  in  those 
already  possessing  it,  and  be  instrumental, 
under  Providence,  in  aiding  any  soul  honest- 
ly seeking  light  on  the  all-important  subject 
of  tlie  Cjuirch."  Bishop  Lillis  of  Kansas 
City  contriljutes  a  foreword.  (The  Vincen- 
tian  Press,  1(3(1.1  Locust  Street,  St.  Louis, 
Mo.) 

— We  can  never  do  too  nuu-li  to  teach  our 
people  the  beauty  and  sublimity  of  the  sacred 
liturgy.  Priests,  too,  must  frequently  be  re- 
minded of  their  obligation  to  recite  the  Divine 
Office  "digne,  attente  ac  devote."  Father 
H.  J.  Heuser  achieves  this  task  in  a  novel 
way.  He  lets  "an  old  breviary"  do  the  ser- 
monizing  'and    so    escapes    the    criticism    that 


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THE  FOETXIGHTLY  KEVIEW 


415 


is  often  Imrled  at  the  zealous  ''censor  nio- 
rum. ' '  In  the  introduction  the  reverend 
author  tells  us  explicitly  what  he  intended : 
' '  The  story  of  an  old  Breviary  is  here  intro- 
duced •svith  a  view  of  inteiiireting,  in  a 
familiar  way,  the  object,  nature,  and  con- 
tents of  the  official  x^rayerbook  of  the  Cath- 
olic Church. ' '  It  is  the  author  's  wish  also 
that  his  book  may  aid  numerous  souls  who  in 
the  retirement  of  the  cloister  seek  to  sanc- 
tify their  daily  labors  by  the  thoughtful  re- 
citation of  the  Canonical  Hours."  ("Auto- 
liiography  of  an  Old  Breviary."  Edited  by 
Rev.  Hennan  J.  Heuser,  D.  D.  Benziger 
Brothers.) 

— ' '  Die  )Stunde  des  Kindes " '  is  a  volume 
of  sermons  for  school  children  preached  bv 
Msgr.  C.  Brettle,  the  Eev.  F.  J.  Brecht,  the 
Bev.  F.  X.  Huber,  and  the  Eev.  Karl  Dorner, 
and  edited  by  the  latter.  These  sermons  have 
been  delivered  with  good  effect  in  the  cathe- 
dral of  Freiburg  i.  B.  Scarcely  one  of  them 
could  be  used  literally  here,  or  translated 
verbatim  into  English,  but  all  of  them  will 
be  found  inspirational.     (B.  Herder  Book  Co.) 

— The  third  edition,  just  juiblished  by 
Kosel  &  Pustet,  of  the  Jesuit  Father  Alfred 
Feder's  "  Lehrbucli  der  geschichtlichen  Me- 
thode, "  the  best  book  of  its  kind  for  the 
Catholic  student  of  history,  has  been  tho- 
roughly revised  and  partly  rewritten.  It  may 
be  called  ' '  the  little  Catholic  Bernheim, ' '  and 
as  there  is  urgent  need  of  something  like  it  in 
English,  we  are  glad  to  hear  that  an  English 
adaptation  of  this  scholarly  and  useful  book 
is  in  preparation. 


New  Books  Received 

Be    lure    BeUgiosorum    ad    Xormam    Codicis 

Iiiris  Canonici.  Auetore  P.  Lud.  I.  Fanfani, 

O.  P.  Editio  Altera.  Eevisa  atque  Xotabiliter 

Vucta.     xxviii    &     599     pp.     I-aio.     Turin: 

Marietti. 

Tractatus  Canonico-MoraUs  Be  Censuris  iuxta 
Codieem  Iiiris  Canonici.  Auetore  F.  M. 
Capello,  S.  -J.  Editio  Altera  ex  Integro 
Eeconcinnata.  xvi  &  .517  pp.  12mo.  Turin: 
Marietti. 

TJte  Order  and  Bevelopment  of  the  Francis- 
can School  Duns  Scotus  and  St.  Thomas. 
With  Notes  on  the  ' '  Formal  Distinction ' ' 
and  the  "Forma  Corporeitatis "  of  Scotus. 
By  Berard  Vogt,  O.  F.  M.  (Franciscan 
Studies,  No.  2).  -48  pp.  Svo.  New  York: 
Joseph  F.  Wagner,  Inc. 

Eating  and  Kealth.  By  James  J.  Walsh,  M.  J'-)., 
Ph.  D.,  Sc.  D.  viii  &  223  pp.  12mo.  Boston, 
Mass.:    The   Stratford   Co.   $1.50. 

Beauty.  By  Eev.  M.  Helfen.  A  Comedy  Drama 
in  Three  Acts  for  Male  and  Female  Char- 
acters. 2nd  Ed.  56  pp.  -41/^x6.  in.  Brooten, 
Minn. :  Catholic  Dramatic  Co.  50  cts.,  post- 
paid.   (Wrapper). 

St.  Cecilia's  Oath.  A  Drama  .  .  .  with  Chorus 
Drill,  and  Songs  for  Female  Characters  by 


Edmund  Waninger.  In  Four  Acts.  Adapted 
from  the  German  by  Dr.  S.  Pfeiffer.  56  pp. 
434x6%  in.  Brooten  Minn.:  Catholic  Dra- 
matic Co.  50  cts.  (Wrapper). 
lledemptinn.  A  Play  of  Human  Life  for  Mixed 
Characters.  With  Folk  Songs,  Eeligious 
and  Liturgical  Songs.  In  Four  Acts  and 
an  Introductory  Scene.  By  Eev.  M.  Helfen. 
Brooten,  Minn.:  Catholic  Dramatic  Co.  50 
cts.   (Wrapper). 

Xovena  in  Honor  of  St.  Boniface.  By  Eev. 
Anthony  C.  Kampshoff.  40  pp.  32mo.  Buf- 
falo, X.  Y. :  The  Echo.  .$5  per  50,  $9  per 
100  copies.   (Wrapper). 

T]>e  Twilight  Bendesvous.  (A  Xovel)  by  Mil- 
ton McGovern.  255  pp.  12mo.  Buffalo,  X. 
Y. :   Buffalo  Catholic  Publication  Co. 

Frohe  Sdnge.  Gedichte  von  Jodokus  [Bruder 
Wendelin,  S.  V.  D.].  200  pp.  Svo.  Techny, 
111. :    Mission   Press.    $1. 

Ber  Kleine  Herder.  Xachschlagebuch  liber 
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ten.  Erster  Halbband.  A  bis  K.  752  pp. 
Svo.     Herder  &  Co.  $4.25  net. 

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einem  Autograph.  Zweite,  erweiterte  Auf- 
Lage.  xxi  &  484  pp.  large  Svo.  Herder  & 
Co.  $4.50  net. 


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41(j 


THE   FOKTNIGHTLY  KEVIEW 


October    1 


A  SPRINKLE  OF  SPICE 


The  Pope,  saiJ  Canlinal  Gasquet,  speaks  all 
languages,  but  unfortunately  not  much  Eng- 
lish, although  he  can  read  and  understand  it. 
When  Cardinal  0 'Connell  Avas  leading  an 
American  pilgrimage  in  Rome — according  to 
a  report  in  the  Boston  Pilot — he  asked  the 
Holy  Father  -whether  he  might  address  his 
Holiness  in  English,  and  the  Pope  aftenvards 
said:  "I  think  I  understood  every  Avord  of  it. 
It  is  a  curious  thing  that  I  understand  Eng- 
lish Avlien  spoken  by  Americans  much  better 
then  when  it  is  spoken  by  Englishmen" 
(laughter). 

"You  can  believe  that  if  you  like,"  com- 
mented Cardinal  Gasquet  amid  renewed 
laughter. 


Twelve  Englisliuien  were  l)eing  taki^n  round 
by  a  priest  and  Pope  Pius  XI  was  asked  to 
sa_y  a  few  words. 

"I  don't  pretend  to  speak  English,"'  re- 
plied his  Holiness. 

"Oh,  anything,"  urged  the  eager  pilgrims, 
"just  two  Avords." 

"  Tavo  Avords, ' '  answered  his  Holiness, 
"Good-ljye"  (laughter). — Liverpool  Catli  )lic 
TimfS. 


"HoAv  far  is  it  betAveen  tliese  Iavo  toAvns?" 
asked  the  famous  laAA'yer. 

"About  four  miles,  as  tlie  flow  cries,"  re- 
plied  the   little  girl  Avitness. 

"You  mean,  as  the  cry  floAvs,"  suggested 
counsel. 

"No,  no,"  put  in  the  judge,  "she  means 
as   the  fly  croAvs?'' 

And  then  they  all  looked  at  each  other, 
feeling  something  Avas  Avrong. 


George  Bernard  Shaw  says  he  has  never 
been  able  to  make  out  Avether  he  is  crazy  or 
everybody  else  is.  Secretly,  hoAvever,  he  pro- 
bablv  gives  himself  the  benefit  of  the  doubt. 


Posemary,  aged  five,  had  just  completed  her 
prayers  Avith  a  request  to  God  "to  umke  me 
a  good  little  girl. ' '  There  f  oUoAved  a  momen- 
tary pause,  and  she  added:  "I  ask  that  every 
night,  but  it  doesn't  seem  to  make  any  differ- 
ence !  ' ' 


The  vicar  of  an  Anglican  parish  had  de- 
cided to  use  the  Revised  instead  of  the 
Authorized  Version  of  the  Bible  Avhen  reading 
the  Lessons.  At  the  end  of  the  eA'ening  service 
he  Avas  Avaylaid  by  a  member  of  the  congre- 
gation. ' '  Didn  't  care  much  for  them  there 
Lessons  you  read  to-night,  sir,"  exclaimed  the 
critic.  ' '  Oh,  I  suppose  you  prefer  the  Author- 
ised Version,"  replied  the  A'icar.  "Xoav 
Avhy  do  you?"  he  added.  "Well,  sir,"  Avas 
the  reply,  ' '  it 's  like  this ;  the  Authorized 
Version  Avas  good  enough  for  St.  Paul,  so  it 
ought  to  be  good  enough  for  us. ' ' 


JUST  PUBLISHED 

DARKNESS  OR  LIGHT 

An  Essay  in  The  Theory  of  Divine 

Contemplation 

By 

Henry  Browne,  S.  J., 

M.  A..  XeAV  College,  (>xl'ord:  l-hneritus 
L'lDi'essor  of  Greek  in  the  Xational  Uni- 
'■-rsitv  of  Ireland:  Author  of  "The  Catho- 
lic EA'idence  MoA"ement":  Editor  of 
"The    City    of    Peace" 

Cloth.  8vo.,  VIII  &  286  pages 

net   $1.75 

This  AYork  is  not  a  historical  treatise 
on  mystical  prayer;  nor  is  it  intended 
as  a  guide  to  the  contemplative  life.  It 
is  merely  an  effort  to  applv  certain 
theological  principles  to  the  subject  and 
to  throAv  into  strong  relief  one  aspect 
of  divine  contemplation.  I  am  aAvare 
that  the  subject  is  not  one  that  should  be 
lightly  approached,  nor  are  my  qualifi- 
cations for  Avriting  even  an  essay  about  it 
felt  to  be  of  a  high  order.  But  if  the 
greatness  of  the  topic  and  the  promp- 
tings of  modesty  alone  Avere  taken  into 
account,  hoAv  few  Avould  be  the  books 
written  about  prayer!  The  fact  that  of 
recent  years  the  press  has  been  teeming 
Avith  such  books  does  not  diminish  the 
misgivings  of  a  Avriter,  for  perhaps  more 
will  be  expected  from  him  in  proportion 
to  the  mass  of  current  literature  on  mys- 
ticism, much  of  Avhicli  proceeds  from 
authors  of  high  repute. 

It  is  not  then  because  I  hope  to  utter 
a  final  Avord,  still  less  because  I  have 
any  novel  vicAvs  to  propound,  that  I 
have  been  rash  enoiigh  to  enter  the  lists. 
I  liaA^e  merely  satisfied  myself  that 
several  of  my  predecessors  have  strayed 
unconsciously  perhaps  from  the  old 
lieaten  path,  and  I  think  that  by  point- 
ing out  that  patli  I  nmy  do  a  service 
to  some  Avho  are  on  its  verge,  by  streng- 
thening their  desire  to  seek  God  Avhere 
he  delights  to  manifest  himself.  If  I 
have  sometimes  adopted  a  somewhat 
dogmatic  tone  Avhere  hesitation  might  be 
expected,  I  ask  the  reader  not  to  ascribe 
to  me  the  vice  of  infallibility  but  merely 
a  conviction  that  it  is  better  to  offer 
doAvnriglit  statements,  leaA'ing  to  critics  a 
corresponding  degree  of  freedom  in 
dealing  Avith  them.  Thus  Avliere  my  book 
fails  to  cut  any  ice,  it  may  yet  perform 
the  useful   oflice   of   a   Avhetstone. 

Author's  Foreicord 


B.  Herder  Book  Co. 

17    South    Broadway,         St.    Louis,    Mo. 


1925 


THE  FOETXIGHTLY  EEVIEtV 


417 


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THE  EC: 


A  Superior  Catholic  Newspaper 


The  Ave  Maria  of  Notre  Dame, 
Ind.,  August  8,  1925,  makes  the 
following  reference  to  The  Echo  : 

"The  Echo  .  ...  is  one  of  the 
most  enterprising  and  carefully 
edited  of  American  Catholic  Neivs- 
yapers." 

It  is  rarely  that  Father  Hud- 
son, the  scholarly  editor  of  the  Ave 
Maria,  praises  a  contemporary  so 
unreservedly. 


We   shall   be    glad   to   send   you   sample 
copies  upon  request 


THE  ECHO 

564  Dodge  St.  Buffalo.  N.  Y. 


Experience  demonstrates  that 
the  better  we  understand  the  part 
which  the  Blessed  Virgin  Mary  has 
taken  in  the  work  of  the  Redemp- 
tion, the  more  enlightened  becomes 
our  knowledge  of  the  Redeemer 
Himself. 

The 

"Life  of  the  Blessed  Virgin" 
by 

Fatlier  Krull,  C.  PP.  S. 

is  based  upon  historical  facts  and, 
therefore,  a  most  suitable  book  to 
broaden  our  knowledge  of  the 
Mother  of  Christ  and  her  Divine 
Son. 


This  book  is  for  sale  at  all  Catholic 
book  stores  or  may  be  ordered  directly 
from  the  publisher. 

Price  per  copy,    $0.75. 

JOHNW.WINTERICH,-=™-"*J; 


41S 


THE    FOirrXlfrHTLV    HKVIKW 


0.-t(il)cr  15 


WHAT   FIVE    HUNDRED    DOLLARS    WILL   DO 

SIX   1»KU  C1:NT  ^\N1)  AliSOI.lTK    SKCUIilTY 
ON      1-lIifST     MOIiTOAOE     NOTKS      FltOM     SoOO     UP 

Every  Investor  has  always  received  every  dollar  of  Principal  and  Interest  on  loans  bought  through  our 
company.  All  loans  secured  by  well-located  improved  income-property.  Monthly  Sinking  Fund  provides  for 
gradual  retirement  of  the  debt  and  makes  repayment  of  principal  and  interest  a  certainty. 

DESCRIPTIVE      nOOKLET      OX      REQUEST 

CHOUTEAU    TRUST    COMPANY 

t'lIOt'TliAU.    IIKMP  AND   VANDEVKNTIiU    AVENVKS 
I>.  >\".   HEMP.  Presidknt  .S.  I,.  ST.  JEAN,  SECRETARV-TrEASVRER  J.  %V.  \VESTO>;,  VlCE-I»Ri;S. 


ST.  ANTHONY'S  CORNER 

The  Catholic  Lioctrine  of  the  Communion  of  Saints  should  l:ie  a 
Li't-at  consolation  and  comfort  to  us  in  time  of  trial  and  need,  especi- 
ally to  know  that  the  Great  Wonder-Worker  of  Padua  is  deeply  inter- 
ested in  our  teniporal  and  spiritual  welfare,  and  that  he  is  very  power- 
fid  Willi  (jod,  and  for  seven  hundred  years  has  obtained,  and  still  ob- 
tains for  his  faithful  clients  many  favors,  as  can  Vie  readily  seen  from 
the  many  testimonials  sent  to  his  Famous  Graymoor  Shrine,  and  only  a 
small  number  of  which  ^^-e  puldish.     Here  are  some  of  them: 


M  E.  F.,  Boston:  •'E;nclosed  please  find 
donation  to  St.  Anthony's  Bread.  I  prom- 
ised a  week's  salary  in  honor  of  St.  -An- 
thony for  a  good  position,  which  promise  I 
fumiied  some  time  ago.  Recently  my  em- 
plover  increased  my  salary  five  dollars,  so 
St.  "^  Anthony  is  entitled  to  the  extra  five, 
which  I  am  only  too  happy  to  send  for  his 
Bread  Fund.  It  was  only  through  prayer 
to  him  that  I  secured  such  a  wonderful 
position,  and  can  never  be  sufficiently 
grateful  for  all  the  favors  which  I  receive 
through  his  intercession." 

A.  K..  Chicago.  111.:  "Some  time  ago  I 
sent  you  an  offering  in  honor  of  St.  An- 
thony to  obtain  a  successful  oiieration  for 
ine,  if  it  was  the  most  sweet  will  of  God. 
Thanks  to  this  good  Saint,  my  opei-ation 
and  speedy  recovery  were  so  successful 
that  it  surprised  the  Doctors  and  Sisters 
in    charge    of    the    Hospital.'" 


Mrs.  R.  G.,  South  Bend,  Ind. :  "Enclosed 
jilease  find  offering  in  thanksgiving  to  St. 
Anthony.  I  asked  him  to  help  me  get  a 
young  man  rooming  with  us  to  go  to  con- 
fession. He  went  soon  after,  through  the 
Saint's  intercession  I  am  sure,  and  has  been 
going   monthly   ever   since." 

K.  M.  R.,  Conn.:  "The  enclosed  offering 
is  in  honor  of  Dear  St.  Anthony's  Feast 
as  a  thanksgiving-  for  taking  care  of  my 
three  little  ones  going  to  and  reluming 
from  school." 

M.  D.,  Yonkers,  N.  Y. :  "Enclosed  please 
find  Five  Dollars  which  I  promised  for 
Bread  for  St.  Anthony's  Poor.  I  requested 
through  your  Perpetual  Xovena  to  dear 
St.  Anthony  that  my  father  would  become 
a  Catholic,  and  he  did  about  two  weeks 
ago.  I  am  most  grateful,  and  humbly 
thank  the  Friars  of  the  Atonement  for 
i-ntering  my  petition  in  their  Perpetual 
Novena." 


The  Perpetual  Xovena  to  the  Wonder-Worker  of  the  World  begins  at  his  Graymoor 
Shrine  each  Tuesdaj-,  and  ends  the  following  Wednesday.  The  Friars  will  be  pleased 
to  pray  for  your  intentions,  and  send  you  the  approved  prayers  for  the  Xovena.  Address 
your   petitions   to: 

St.  ANTHONY'S  GRAYMOOR  SHRINE,  FRIARS  OF  THE  ATONEMENT, 
BOX  316,  PEEKSK!LL,  N.  Y. 


Jury  Warrants  Cashed  Bell,  Main  1242 

SEA  FOODS  IN  SEASON 


Victor  J.  Klutho 

Architect  and 


mi)e  Iffcalttr   J^cstaut-aut        Superintendent 

Churches,  Schools,  and  Institutions 


J.  B.  SCHUMACKER 


418  Market  Street 


ST.  LOUIS,  MO. 


Syndicate  Trust  Building 
Tenth  and  Olive  Streets 
Saint'  Louis,  Missouri 

Illinois  Licensed  Engineer 


The  Fortnigfhtly  Review 


VOL.  XXXII.  XO.  20 


^T.  LOUIS,  MISSOURI 


October  lotli.  1925 


CHRONICLE  AND  COMMENT 


Mission  Science 

Dr.  J.  Sc'hmidlin,  of  the  University 
of  Miinster  i.  AV.,  has  published  a  sec- 
ond edition  of  his  work,  "Katholische 
MissionsAvissenschaft  im  Grnndriss" 
(Aseliendorff),  by  wliich  he  may  be 
said  to  have  laid  the  foundation  for  the 
new  and  thrivino-  "mission  science." 
The  excellent  work  has  been  carefully 
revised  and  brought  up  to  date  in  every 
detail,  though  we  should  have  liked  to 
see  the  author  utilize  more  extensively 
than  he  has  done  Fr.  Grentrup's  S.V. 
D.  recently  published  "lus  Mission- 
arium"  and  the  innumerable  decrees 
and  decisions  issued  in  course  of  time 
by  the  S.  Congregation  of  the  Propa- 
ganda. A  year  or  two  ago  there  was 
some  talk  of  an  English  edition  of  this 
monumental  work ;  let  us  hope  that  the 
American  branch  of  the  Society  of  the 
Divine  Word,  which  is  foremost  in  all 
undertaking's  for  the  promotion  of  the 
foreign  missions,  will  undertake  also 
the  important  task  of  providing  Amer- 
ican schools  and  the  clergy  with  a  text- 
book of  mission  science. 

Catholics  and  World  Peace 

The  Jesuit  Month  (Loudon,  No.  734) 
believes  that  "the  future  peace  of  the 
world  depends  largely  on  a  conscien- 
tious press,  which  does  its  best  to  pro- 
mote good  will  between  various  nations 
and  tries  to  make  its  readers  under- 
stand the  foreign  point  of  veiAv,"  and 
hopes,  therefore,  that  many  papers 
will  follow  the  example  of  the  great 
organ  of  the  German  Centre  Party,  the 
Berlin  German ia,  which  has  lately  de- 
voted a  portion  of  its  Saturday  issue 
to  articles  and  discussions  about  Fran- 
to-German  relations,  written  not  only 
hj  Germans,  but  also  b}'  Frenchmen, 


Englishmen  and  "neutrals.""  The  vari- 
ous points  of  view  are  stated  with  per- 
fect frankness,  yet  with  a  desire  to  see 
Avhat  is  reasonable,  in  an  opponent's 
argument  and  with  a  stead}'  regard  for 
the  liigher  interests  which  are  common 
to  all.  The  Gennania  has  long  labored 
for  tliis  understanding  of  mind  and 
heart  ])etween  two  great  nations,  real- 
izing that,  as  the  Monih  puts  it, 
universal  j)eace,  when  it  comes,  will 
be  the  work  of  the  Clmrch  Catholic, 
i.  c,  of  her  children  all  over  the  Avorld, 
inspired,  guided  and  strengthened  by 
her  princijilps. 

A  Scholarship  to  Vassar 

A  news  item  lately  reported  that  a 
certain  Catholic  school  had  aAvarded  to 
one  of  its  girl  graduates  a  $5,000  schol- 
arship— the  gift  of  a  Catholic  to  Vas- 
sar College.  The  Louisville  Record, 
in  commenting  on  this  report,  declared 
that  "no  Catholic  sliould  give,  no  Cath- 
olic school  should  award,  and  no  Cath- 
olic mother  should  allow  her  daughter 
to  receive  a  scholarship  to  Vassar  Col- 
lege." When  challenged  by  a  reader, 
the  editor  of  the  Record  (Aug.  20) 
said  among  other  things : 

"The  reason  is  found  in  the  little 
Catechism.  There,  in  answer  to  the 
question.  Why  did  God  make  a'ou?  we 
are  taught  that  God  made  us  to  serve 
Him  and  love  Him  in  this  world  and 
be  forever  happy  with  Him  in  the 
next.  Vassar  College  does  not  teach 
that,  does  not  emphasize  it,  does  not 
recognize  it  as  the  truth,  and  most  of 
its  teaching  faculty  regard  it  as  non- 
sense. More  than  eighty  per  cent  of 
the  faculty  of  Vassar,  according  to 
their  own  admission,  made  in  answer 
to  the  questionary  sent  out  b}'  Profes- 


420 


THE  F()irr\i(.ii'rL\-  i;k\'ii-:\v 


OctdluT   25 


scr  .liiiucs  Jl.  L('ul);i  (if  r>ryii  Muwr. 
(Id  not  believe  in  God  or  the  iiiinioi'tal- 
ity  of  the  soul,  so  -why  shouldn't  the\- 
I'eu'jird  the  teacliinu'  of  oui'  eatei-hisin 
as  uousense .'  It  is  unreasonable  to 
sui)])ose  that  a  tiirl  or  younp-  -woman 
w  lio  is  suseepi  ibic  to  leacliini;'  infiu- 
enees.  can  l)e  placed  in  an  atriiosphei'e 
whei'e  the  timths  of  Christian  faith 
are  treated  Avitli  suiiereilious  (lis(hiin. 
if  not  aclua!l\'  dei'iihHl.  and  be  un- 
affected   l)y   the   eontaet 

"Thei'e  are  lo-day  li\"in^'  in  our  coun- 
try alone  more  than  ")(),()()()  religious 
women,  to  say  n(ithin<:'  of  men,  who 
liave  ,u'i\-en  up  fatlier,  mother,  home, 
and  all  the  sweet  natural  atfeetions  of 
life  in  order  to  <:ive  Catholic  parents 
an  opportunitx'  to  educate  their  chil- 
di'en  in  the  feai-  and  love  of  Our  Bles- 
sed Sa^■ioul■.  .  .  .  There  are  Catholic 
l)arents   who   spui'n   that   saeritiee   and 

thi'ow  away  that  o]^]W)rtnnity For 

wliat  .  .  .  I'eason  do  ('atholic  parents 
withlioltl  this  opportunity  from  their 
children  .'  Are  not  our  Catholic  schools, 
even  from  the  standpoint  of  secidar 
education,  as  comiietent  as  our  non- 
Catholic  schools  .'....  There  is  not  an 
educator  of  accredited  standing'  in  our 

whole  country   who   dis])utes   it 

What  I'eason  then  can  Catholic  ])ar- 
enfs  have  for  not  sendinu'  their  children 
to  a  ("atholic  school  in  all  cases  where 
one  is  available  to  them  .'  There  can 
be  no  i-eason.  It  is  a  vanity.  Xay,  it 
is  the  vanity  of  Aainties,  for  which 
their  children  on  -lud^inent  Day  will 
rise  up  iu)t  t(»  liless  but  to  shame 
tliem. "" 

"Stunt"  Journalism  in  the  Catholic 
Press 

A  ci-itic  is  (|U()ted  in  Blacl'fridr.^; 
(\'ol.  \'l,  Xo.  ()())  as  protestino'  a^'ainst 
the  lirowini;'  sensationalism  in  the 
Catliolic  press.  One  of  the  things  he 
objects  to  is  the  raiij^'y  appeai'ance  of 
so  many  pajiers.  Another,  the  iinium- 
erable  charitable  appeals  and  the  vul- 
var method  of  askin>i'  for  helj).  A  third 
the  adojjtion  of  "stunt"  methods  like 
the  scare  headline.  "It  is  to  be  re- 
gretted,""   he    says,    "that    our    i)apers 


tind  it  necessary,  as  pi-esumal)ly  they 
do,  to  follow  the  lead  of  their  sensa- 
tional contemi)oi'aries  by  adoptin<_!'  their 
methods  of  publicity.  Titles  and  sul)- 
titles  of  articles  dealing  with  subjects 
and  news  of  Catholic  interest  need  not 
ape  the  startling  headlines  that  inti'o- 
duce  inurder  trials  and  divorce  pro- 
cet'dings  in  the  newspapei's.  Such 
methods  of  chea])  jourimlism  are  al- 
together alien  to  the  s])iijt  v>-hich 
sliouhl    infoi'm    our    ('atholic    jjapers." 

The  editor  (if  lihickfridrs  finds  but 
one  e.Kcuse  for  this  condition  of 
affairs, — whi(di,  by  the  way,  is  even 
Avorse  in  America  than  it  is  in  Eng- 
land, lie  says;  "It  must  be  remem- 
hered  that  financial  difficulties  beset 
the  i)ath  of  every  Catholic  i)aper,  and 
that  very  often  ideals  have  to  be  sac- 
rificed and  secular  methods  of  publicity 
a(loi)ted  to  ensure  the  paynuuit  of  the 
l)rinter"s    bill    and    the    wages    of    the 

staff ijark   of  capital   is  nearly 

always  at  tlu^  root  of  the  trouble." 
That,  may  be  true  of  many  Catholic 
papers,  luit  it  is  not  true  of  all,  es- 
peciall\'  not  of  the  ()if'icial  organs  of 
great  and  wealthy  dioceses,  which  could 
well  afford  to  ui)hold  Catholic  ideals 
ami  gi\'e  an  encouraging  examjih^  to 
the  small  fry,  l)Ut  in  matter  of  fact, 
in  this  country  iit  hvist,  are  among  the 
worst  offenders.  It  is,  perhaps,  even 
moi'e  to  be  regretted  that  the  N.  C. 
W.  ('."s  news  service,  whi(di  was  es- 
tablished at  the  expense  of  the  faith- 
ful at  lai'ge  for  the  ])urp()se  of  aiding 
the  Catholic  pi'css.  is  Ixdng  used  to 
l)idl  it  sti'l  fai'ther  down  from  the  high 
intellectual,  moral,  anil  journalistic 
level  it  ought  and  to  some  extent  used 
to  occupy. 

The  Antiquity  Phantom  in  American 
Archeology 

Under  tiiis  title  \V.  II.  Ilolnn^s,  of 
the  Smithsonian  Institution,  says 
ii-  Science  (Sejitemlier  1,  ]!)'2r))  : 
"Interest  in  Amei'ican  anti(piities  has 
increased  ra])idly  in  recent  years,  and 
researches  are  extended  to  nuiny  fields 
heretofore  untouched.  So  fascinating 
is  the  lure  of  great  antiquity  that  nu- 


1^)25 


THE   FOETXIGHTLY  REVIEW 


421 


merous  untrained  explorers  are  enter- 
ing the  field,  and  the  highly  colored  ac- 
counts of  their  discoveries  are  broad- 
( asted  Avith  fanciful  elaboration  by 
])redatory  journalists.  AVe  hear,  for  ex- 
ample, of  numerous  pre-Columbian  di.s- 
cdveries  of  America:  of  ancient  races 
])reeeding  the  Indians ;  of  civilisations 
antedating  those  of  the  Nile  and  the 
Euphrates ;  of  glyphic  inscriptions 
miles  in  length  that  await  a  transla- 
tor; of  skeletons  of  men  twelve  feet  in 
length ;  of  dinosaurs  and  ibexes  engrav- 
ed on  rock  surfaces ;  of  the  ruins  of  a 
Chinese  city ;  of  America  as  the  prol)- 
able  birthplace  of  humanity ;  and  so 
on,  ad  infinitum"  (p.  256). 

"It  has  been  my  practice  during 
many  years  of  archeological  research 
to  begin  on  the  surface  of  the  site 
under  examination  mth  the  known 
]x^oples  and  their  culture,  following  the 
story  downward  in  the  successive  form- 
ations until  all  traces  of  occupation 
disappeai';  and  I  nuiy  state  tliat  in  no 
case  in  many  years  of  more  or  less 
(  ontinuous  investiuatioii  in  the  Ameri- 


can field  have  I  found  a  trace  of  human 
handiwork  not  assigna])le  with  safety 
to  the  Indian  tribes,  historic  or  prehis- 
toric, and  none  so  deeply  imbedded  in 
geologically  ancient  strata  as  to  pre- 
clude the  possibility  of  introduction 
from  recent   horizons'"    (page  257). 

Dr.  Holmes  criticises  the  attempts 
made  by  some  scientists  to  establish 
the  ])resence  of  man  in  America  during 
the  glacial  period  and  concludes:  "As 
the  evidence  stands  to-day,  and  I  have 
followed  it  closely,  I  can  not  accept 
it  as  conclusive, — and  I  shall  feel  it 
a  duty  to  hold  and  enforce  the  view 
that  the  evidences  of  Pleistocene  man 
recorded  by  Loomis  at  Melbourne 
(Florida),  as  well  as  those  obtained 
by  Sellard  and  others  at  Vero,  are  not 
only  inadequate,  but  dangerous  to  the 
cause  of  science.  A  similar  attitude 
tOAvard  the  ill  considered  announce- 
ments of  followers  of  the  phantom  of 
antiquity  should  be  rigidly  maintahied 
by  all  conservative  students  of  the  his- 
tory of  man  in  America"  (p.  258). 


New  Light  on  the  American  Revolution 


Mr.  Allen  Nevins,  in  a  splendid  mon- 
ograph entitled,  ' '  The  American  States 
Dui'ing  and  After  the  Revolution" 
(Macmillan),  for  the  first  time  tells 
tlie  story  of  the  course  of  events  in 
tbe  thirteen  separate  colonies,  and 
sliows  liOAv  important  it  is  to  know 
these  events  in  order  to  obtain  a  cor- 
rect idea  of  the  history  of  the  nation 
as  a  whole. 

The  author  complains  that  the  field 
of  State  history  has  been  largely  neg- 
lected, although  many  important,  prov- 
inces of  legislation. — such  as  educa- 
tion, transportation,  suffrage,  con- 
trol and  protection  of  labor,  crime  and 
])unishment,  and  the  regulation  of  busi- 
ness, public  amusements  and  morals, — 
lielong  chiefly  to  the  States.  He  points 
out  also  that,  in  politics.  State  and 
federal  influences  constantly  interact, 
and  that  the  development  of  consti- 
tutional ideas  within  the  States  is  as 


interesting  as  changes  in  the  federal 
Constitution  and  its  interpretations. 
It  is  impossible,  too,  to  form  a  just 
appreciation  of  such  men  as  Jeft'erson, 
Madison,  and  Monroe,  unless  we  follow 
their  career  in  State  as  well  as  natioii- 
al  politics. 

The  book  begins  with  an  account  of 
the  thirteen  colonies  and  their  govern- 
ments before  the  union,  and  shows  that 
nearly  all  the  early  State  institutions 
descended  directly  from  colonial  pro- 
totypes. An  elected  governor  succeed- 
ed the  appointed  governor ;  the  leg- 
islatures, functioned  precisely  as  in  the 
later  days  of  the  colonial  regim ;  and 
for  many  years  the  judiciary  suffered 
few  changes.  It  was  found,  in  general, 
that  the  crude  constitutions  of  the 
States  in  their  earliest  period  were 
most  workable  in  those  features  in 
which  they  followed  the  colonial  gov- 
ernments, and  least  practical  when  they 
departed  widely  from  them. 


42  L' 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY    KKVIEW 


Octol.ei-  1.5 


In  his  iiitroduptory  survey  Mr.  Nev- 
ins  brinp:s  out  the  fact  that,  while  the 
greater  discontents  before  the  Revolu- 
tion were  common  to  all  tlie  provinces, 
nearly  every  colony  had  some  distinct 
grievances  of  its  own  which  helped  to 
stinuilate  the  movement  for  indepen- 
dence. 

Mr.  Xevins  traces  the  progress  of 
the  revolutionary'  movement  from  stage 
to  stage  in  the  several  States,  and 
shows  that  in  some  of  them  steps  wen^ 
already  being  taken  for  the  formation 
of  popular  governments  before  the  na- 
tional independence  had  been  declared. 
He  then  describes  the  writing  of  the 
State  Constitutions,  not  one  of  Avhich, 
it  appears,  was  drawn  up  by  a  specially 
elected  constitutional  convention,  such 
as  is  now  usually  entrusted  with  tht^ 
revision  of  those  same  instruments.  Noi- 
did  a  single  State  submit  its  constitu- 
tion to  a  po]:)ular  vote.  This  account 
is  followed  l)y  several  sections  descril)- 
ing  the  new  constitutions  in  actual 
operation,  and  aiudysing  the  main  fea- 
tures of  the  early  political  develop- 
ment of  New  England,  the  Middle 
States,  the  Upper  South  and  tlie  Lower 
South   respectively. 

The  political  revolution  was  accom- 
panied by  what  was  virtually  a  social 
revolution  as  well.  "A  number  of  im- 
portant changes,"  says  Mr.  Xevins, 
"in  the  laws  and  practices  concerning 
religion,  land  tenure,  ])eiud  affairs, 
charities,  and  education  ])roceeded 
from  the  establishment  of  indepen- 
dence, and  almost  all  these  changes 
were  salutary."'  In  many  ways  the 
colonists  had  been  prevented  l)y  the 
mother  country  from  adopting  the  pro- 
gressive legislation  they  desired,  for 
even  if  the  proposed  innovations  did 
not  involve  injury  to  British  interests, 
they  were  likely  to  be  out  of  harmony 
with  British  traditions.  The  author 
sets  forth  these  changes  in  adeijuate 
detail,  beginning  with  an  account  of 
the  struggle  for  religious  equality. 
AVhile  the  first  amendment  to  the  Fed- 
eral Constitution  forbade  Congress  to 
make  any  law  "respecting  an  estab- 
lishment of  religion  or  prohiliiting  the 


free  exercise  thereof,"'  each  individual 
State  Avas  left  free  to  estal)lish  a 
church,  if  it  Avished,  within  its  own 
borders;  and  several  States  availed 
themseh'cs  of  the  opportunity  to  retain 
for  many  years  the  church  establish- 
ments  already  in  being. 

The  volume  closes  with  an  exposi- 
tion of  its  author's  "general  conclu- 
sion" that  those  historians  are  mis- 
taken who  think  it  a  misfortune  that 
the  American  nation  began  its  career 
rather  as  a  congeries  of  thirteen  States 
than  as  a  single  unitary  State.  Mr. 
Nevins  holds  that  this  circumstance 
saved  the  American  Kevolution  from 
overshooting  its  mark  like  the  Puritan, 
P'rench,  and  Russian  revolutions.  The 
clash  of  conservatives  and  radicals  oc- 
curred on  thirteen  different  stages, 
with  no  synchronization  and  Avith  a 
consequent  abatement  of  its  heat ;  and 
AA'hat  Avas  Avorth  keeping  in  the  heritage 
from  th(>  colonial  period  Avas  thus  pre- 
served to  a  greater  extent  than  Avould 
have  been  possible  in  an  upheaval  of 
a   purely   natioind   character. 


So  far  as  Ave  are  awai'e,  "Mass  Sti- 
pends."' by  the  Rev.  Charles  F.  Kel- 
ler, of  the  Archdiocese  of  Philadel- 
])hia.  a  doctoral  dissertation  submitted 
to  the  faculty  of  Canon  LaAA;  of  the 
Catholic  T'niversity  of  America,  is  the 
first  monograph  on  the  subject  in  Eng- 
lish. The  author's  aim  has  been  to 
collect  into  one  manual  the  teaching 
of  the  best  canonists  on  "money  of- 
fered for  masses,"  to  bring  the  digest 
up  to  date  by  indicating  the  changes 
introduced  by  the  Code,  to  make  this 
comparative  study  a  in-actical  explana- 
fion  of  the  canons  on  stipends,  to 
render  this  practical  commentary 
more  interesting  by  giA'ing  the  history 
and  theories  Avliich  form  the  back- 
ground and  sub.stratum  of  the  present 
legislation,  and,  finally,  to  couch  all 
this  canonical  lore  in  readable  English. 
Dr.  Keller  has  succeeded  in  his  under- 
taking, and  Ave  trust  his  scholarly  dis- 
sertation Avill  be  made  available  to 
the  general   public. 


1925 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


423 


The  Trials  of  an  Independent  Catholic  Editor 


To  the  Editor : — Inasmuch  as  the 
Fortnightly  Rfy'ie\v,  and  espeeiallv 
yourself,  are  bitterly  criticised  from 
time  to  time,  it  occurred  to  me  that 
you  might  profitably  reprint  the  at- 
tached article  regarding  the  late  Dr. 
Orestes  A.  Brownson.  The  article  ap- 
peared in  the  Catholic  Citizen,  Mil- 
waukee, Wis.,  June  27. — P.  H.  Calla- 
han, Louisville,  Ky. 

We  hereby  comply  -with  this  request, 
though  Ave  are,  of  course,  fully  con- 
scious that  there  can  be  no  adequate 
comparison  between  a  great  man  like 
Bro^mson  and  the  humble  scribe  of 
tlic  F.  R.— Editor. 

For  the  first  dozen  years  after  his 
conversion,  Brownson  was  uniformly 
and  universally  honored  by  his  new 
co-religionists.  The  hierarchy  especial- 
ly was  most  kind  to  his  Review  and  to 
liis  personal  fortunes.  But  it,  at  least, 
inculcates  a  lesson  of  humility  and 
prudence  to  recall  that  this  "greatest 
of  our  laymen"  eventually  came  very 
near  being  cast  into  outer  darkness, 
not  only  by  one  bishop,  but  by  many 
of  them.  He  would  discuss  theology 
and  he  would  advocate  policies ;  and 
so  opposition  accumulated.  He  Avas 
not  merely  accused  of  assuming  to  ad- 
vise the  hierarchy  (quite  a  usual  charge 
against  most  Catholic  editors),  but  the 
censures  were  made  more  direct  and 
specific. 

In  " Brownson 's  Later  Life"  (1856- 
76),  by  his  son,  Major  Hemy  F. 
Brownson,  there  are  some  interesting 
chapters  on  these  difficulties  of  the 
great  publicist.  Thus  (p.  215)  in  a 
letter  dated  Oct.  20,  1860,  he  states 
that  "a  few  years  ago,  out  of  nine 
bishops  and  archbishops  at  Milwaukee, 
there  was  only  one  who  did  not  accuse 
me"  of  falling  into  error  in  discussing 
the  relations  of  the  natural  and  su- 
pernatural. This  letter  was  in  reply 
to  one  from  Bishop  McMullen,  who 
accused  BroAvnson  of  "lacking  the 
Catholic  spirit"  and  being  "unortho- 
dox in  his  argument."  Bishop  Elder, 
of  Natchez,  wTOte  BroY-nson  Dec.  18, 


1860,  respecting  some  article  on  the 
temporal  poY'er  of  the  Pope.  He  finds 
BroATOSon's  expressions  "w^anting  in 
the  respect  which  a  great  Catholic 
publicist  owes  to  the  Head  of  the 
Church."  Bishop  Wood  of  Philadel- 
]:;hia,  in  1862,  officially  condemned 
Brownson 's  Rerieir  as  "Avantonly  of- 
fensive," " disedif ying  to  the  faith- 
ful" and  "injurious  to  Catholic  inter- 
ests." In  October,  1861,  Archbishop 
Hughes  wrote  Brownson :  "I  have  re- 
ceived a  letter  from  the  Sacred  Con- 
gregation at  Rome  expressing  much 
dissatisfaction  and  even  uneasiness" 
Avith  regard  to  Brownson  and  his  Re- 
view. 

This  incident  is  related  (p.  413-15) 
as  transpiring  in  June,  1861:  "In 
June,  1861,  BroYTison  had  been  select- 
ed by  the  Jesuits  at  Fordham  to  ad- 
dress the  students  at  the  annual  com- 
mencement. In  his  discourse  he 
dwelt  strongly  on  the  duty  of  loyalty 
and  patriotism.  At  the  close  of  the 
exercises  Archbishop  Hughes,  as  cus- 
tomary, made  a  short  address,  and  .  .  . 
Avound  up  with  some  remarks  very 
severe  on  BroAA-nson  and  his  school.  It 
Avas  a  bolt  out  of  the  clear  sky.  There 
AA"as  consternation  on  eA^erj'  side,  lest 
it  should  find  its  Avay  into  the  neY^s- 
papers.  .  .  AVhen  [Archbishop]  Hughes 
spoke  so  severely  against  BroAvnson 
and  the  Americanization  Catholic  club, 
of  AA'hich  he  insisted  in  making  BroAvn- 
son  out  a  member,  the  latter  rose  to 
speak  in  his  oavu  defense,  but  the 
Archbishop  commanded  him  to  sit 
doAAai,  and  BroAA'uson  obeyed.  The 
Jesuits  then  conducted  the  Archbishop 
and  the  other  invited  guests,  except  the 
orator  of  the  day,  to  the  banquet.  Not 
one  of  them  came  near  BroAvnson  again, 
but  he  Avas  left  the  solitary  occupant 
of  the  hall  till  the  departure  of  the 
train  for  Ncav  York." 

Far  be  it  from  us  to  seem,  in  recall- 
ing these  incidents,  as  detracting  aught 
from  the  merits  of  Dr.  BroAA^ison,  or 
from  the  appreciation  due  his  great 
serA'ices.     AVe  merely  AA'ish  to  illustrate 


424 


TH E  FO inw i( i I ] T L ^■  I ; i-; \' 1 1-: w 


Octdlier  lo 


that  his  occupal  ion  was  an  rxt  ra-haz- 
ai'cloiis  (inc.  He  was  not  without  a  litth' 
bitterness  in  the  ])iH'mises.  as  Avituess 
this  (one  of  the  notable)  ])assapes  in 
liis  writings:  "The  only  men  ^^^]\(t 
]iav(»  a  i)i'es(-iMptive  ri<ilit  to  find  fault 
with  tiieir  bi-etliren,  witliout  liavinji' 
their  orthodoxy,  their  zeal  or  their 
charity  questioned,  are  the  Osenranti, 
the  men  who  i)raise  the  past,  who 
stontly  maintain  all  antiquated  form- 
ulas, hold  fast  to  old  abuses,  repress 
•Al  o-enerous  aspirations,  and  anthema- 
tize  all  efforts  for  progress.  They 
may,  witliout  '  censure,  alienate  half 
the  world  from  the  Church,  or  throw 
insurmountable  obstacles  in  the  way 
of  those  wlio  are  already  alienated,  pur- 
sue a  ])(>licy  which  renders  the  Church, 
in  Jier  action  on  the  world  offensive 
to  the  purest  and  noblest  instincts  of 
human  nature,  without  doing  anything 
for  which  any  Catholic  shall  have  the 
right  to  censure  them  or  find  the  least 
fault  with  them." 


Was  St.  Peter  in  Rome? 

Fr.  Herl)ert  Thurston,  S.  J.,  in  No. 
734  of  the  Month,  deals  critically  with 
"Essays  in  Early  Christian  History," 
recently  published  by  E.  T.  Merrill'  of 
the  I^niversity  of  Chicago,  who  with 
an  imposing  air  of  self-confidence  and 
in  the  face  of  the  admissions  of  Light- 
foot,  Edmuiison,  TIarnack,  Lietz- 
mann,  Zahn,  and  other  Protestant 
scholars,  denies  the  fact  of  St.  Peter's 
presence  in  Rome, — on  which,  he  says 
with  unmistakable  animus,  "the 
Church  of  Rome  considers  herself  as 
founded""  (.'!).  Prof.  Merrill  brings 
forth  ]io  new  arguments  for  his  posi- 
tion. On  the  other  hand,  as  Fr.  Thurs- 
ton points  out,  whatever  fresh  evidence 
Jias  come  to  light  of  recent  years,  "has 
all  tended  to  confirm  and  in  no  respect 
to  invalidate,  the  data  of  the  Roman 
tradition,  which,  as  all  leading  scholars 
admit,  is  very  ancient.  The  excava- 
tions made  under  the  basilica  of  San 
Sebastiano  on  the  Appian  Way,  de- 
tailed in  "Saint-Sebastien  hors  les 
Murs.""  by  IT.  Cheramy  (Paris:  Mai- 
son  de  la  Bonne  Presse,  19'25),  make  it 


highly  proiiabie  that  the  bodies  of  St. 
Peter  and  St.  I'anl  were  in  258  con- 
veyed fi-om  theii'  respective  tombs  on 
the  Ostian  Way  to  some  hiding  ])lace 
"ad  catactunbas,""  close  to  where  the 
basilica  of  St.  Sebastian  uoav  stands. 
There  can  be  no  question  tliat  some- 
time during  the  latter  half  of  the  third 
century,  in  close  accord  with  the  entry 
in  the  Philocalian  Calendar  wliich  com- 
memorates the  translation  of  the  two 
Apostles  "ad  catacumbas, "  there  ex- 
isted precisely  in  that  s]iot  a  vigorous 
l)0i)ular  devotion  to  the  two  great  Ro- 
man patrons  conjointly,  the  evidence 
of  which  remains  to  this  day  in  the 
form  of  a  mnnber  of  graffiti  scratched 
upon  the  i)atches  of  ])laster  which  still 
remain   iqion   the  walls. 

Almost  the  only  point  in  Prof.  Mer- 
I'ill's  volume  which  offers  even  the  ap- 
pearance of  novelty,  is  his  attempt  to 
undermine  the  force  of  the  allusion 
made  by  the  martyrdom  of  the  two 
Apostles  in  St.  Clement's  Epistle  to 
the  Corinthians,  where  the  martyr- 
dom of  St.  Peter  is  coupled  with  that 
of  St.  Paul,  imi)lying  that  at  Rome 
they  had  a  just  claim  to  appeal  to  the 
example  of  both  these  champions  of 
the  faith.  Mr.  Merrill  holds  that 
('lenient  is  a  falnilous  ])ersonage,  that 
the  letter  attributed  to  him  is  no  older 
than  the  year  140  A.  D.,  and  that  the 
parallelisms  which  have  been  detected 
between  it  and  the  Epistle  of  St. 
Polycarp  are  not  attributable  to  the 
fact  that  St.  Polycarp  had  Clement's 
letter  before  him,  but  that  conversely 
the  letter  of  Polycarp  was  used  by  a 
forger.  This  desperate  contention  has 
been  refuted  by  Dom  B.  Capelle.  who 
shows  in  the  April  number  of  the  Revue 
Benedictine,  that  the  passages  appealed 
to  in  both  documents  bear  a  close  re- 
semblance to  the  phraseology  of  the 
Xcw  Testament  and  the  wording  of  St. 
Clement  "s  letter  })oi)its  to  the  conclu- 
sion that  it  was  intermediate  between 
the  New  Testament  and  the  Epistle 
of  Polycarp. 


The  most  dangeroits  savages  live  in 
tlie  cities. 


1925 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY  RP:VIEW 


4-25 


Confession  for  Devotion's  Sake 

There  is  a  dearth,  ma3'hap  an  utter 
lack,  of  books  on  frequent  confession 
for  devotion's  sake,  so  common  since 
the  issuance  of  the  decree  ' '  Sacra  Tri- 
dentina  83- nodus. ' '  Hence  a  few  sum- 
mary paragraphs  taken  from  a  notabk^ 
book  on  that  subject  ("Die  Devotions- 
beichte, "  by  the  Rev.  Ph.  Scharsch, 
0.  M.  I.)  may  be  of  interest  to  our 
readers.  The  passage  is  taken  from 
the  concluding  lines  of  the  third  chap- 
ter, proposed  by  the  author  as  "prac- 
tical guiding  principles": 

1)  Since  the  holy  tribunal  of  confes- 
sion is  only  one  among  many  means 
available  for  the  wiping  out  of  venial 
sin,  its  use  or  non-use  should  be  left 
to  the  free  choice  of  the  children  of 
God.  Neither  before  nor  after  confes- 
sion ever  allow  yourself  to  be  disturb- 
ed by  an,v  form  of  anxiety,  as  though 
there  were  real  necessity  for  confes- 
sion, or  as  though  you  should  have  to 
confess  this  or  that  particular  sin. 
Once  .vour  conscience  and  the  judg- 
ment of  your  confessor  have  made  it 
clear  that  the  object  of  j^our  anxiety  is 
not  anj^thing  more  serious  than  venial 
sin,  keep  3'our  freedom  intact  and  per- 
mit no  imaginary  coercion  to  narrow 
down  the  path  that  leads  to  Christ. 

2)  The  Sacrament  of  Penance,  be- 
cause of  its  requirements,  may  not,  at 
a  given  time,  be  practicable,  or  even 
possible.  Do  not,  on  that  account,  fail 
fortlnvith  to  emplo.v  the  other  means 
at  hand  for  the  blotting  out  of  venial 
sin  for  the  good  of  ,vour  soul.  And 
first  of  all,  elicit  frequent  acts  of  per- 
fect love  and  perfect  contrition.  Cul- 
tivate the  precious  habit  of  making 
good  everj'  failure  in  the  matter  of 
confession-resolutions,  and  indeed  of 
everj^  notable  slip  in  anj^  virtue,  by 
evoking  positive  acts  of  that  virtue. 

3)  Since  the  Sacrament  of  Penance  b.v 
far  surpasses  in  power  and  efficacy  all 
other  means  of  expiation  and  atone- 
ment, acquire  the  devout  habit  of  ap- 
proaching this  holy  tribunal  frequent- 
l3^  But  approach  it  with  a  calm  un- 
derstanding and  with  earnest  fervor ; 
not  with  anxiety  or  in  a  lax  manner ; 
but    rather    with  a  large    and    joyous 


heart.  By  means  of  frequent  confes- 
sion you  Avill  preserve  ^-our  soul  per- 
manentl.v  in  a  state  of  great  purity. 
Through  its  aid  you  will  ascend  steadily 
and  even  rapidh'  the  heights  of  Chris- 
tian perfection  l])}).  '^'-)  s([.).  .1.  P. 


Notes  and  Gleanings 


Mscount  Grey's  Memoirs  have  just 
been  given  to  the  public  in  Europe. 
They  chronicle  the  intimate  details 
(if  the  diplomatic  negotiations  l)e- 
tween  Washington  and  London  which 
})ri:  ceded  the  entry  of  America  into  the 
great  conflict,  and  reveal  definite  docu- 
nientarv  evidence  to  shoAv  that  Presi- 
dent Wilson,  as  early  as  191(i,  was  giv- 
ing thought  to  a  definite  proposal  to 
throw  the  United  States  into  the  war  on 
tlie  side  of  the  Allies.  Gre^*  relieves  the 
former  Kaiser  and  the  German  people 
of  the  odium  of  setting  the  torcli 
which  started  the  world  conflagra- 
tion and  liolds  tliat  in  determining  the 
guilt  for  bringing  on  the  war,  the  arm- 
eil-camp  conditions  to  which  Europe 
had  been  brought  by  the  events  of  dec- 
ades mast  be  considered.  He  holds  that 
militarism  and  armaments  made  the 
World  War  inevitable,  and  he  doubts 
whether  even  yet  the  nations  have 
learned  that  lesson  without  wliich  they 
must  perish. 


AVitli  the  October  number  the  Ilom- 
iletic  and  Pastoral  Review,  published 
by  Joseph  F.  AVagner,  Inc.,  54  Park 
Place,  New  York  City,  entered  upon  its 
twenty-sixth  year.  In  the  quarter  of 
a  century-  of  its  existence  this  excel- 
lent monthh'  magazine  has  attained 
an  enviable  position  in  the  ecclesias- 
tical field.  Of  late  it  has  greath'  en- 
larged its  scope  with  a  view  to  render- 
ing even  greater  service  to  the  rever- 
end clergy.  Every  issuq  supplies  ma- 
terial for  the  bus3'  pastor  of  souls,  and 
as  a  clearing-house  for  practical  infor- 
mation on  all  branches  of  pastoral 
science  and  as  a  forum  in  which  priests 
n\Q.y  take   mutual   counsel,   the   Homi- 


4-_'<i 


THE   FORT^■l(iHTL^•    K'KVIKW 


October  15 


Ictic,  as  it  is  known  for  sliort,  undoubt- 
edly fulfills  a  mission  in  the  life  of 
Christ 's  Church  in  America.  AVe  wish 
it  nuuiy  more  years  of  successful  ac- 
tivity and  an  increase  of  subscribers 
proportionate  to  its  acknoAvledp:ed 
merits. 


It  is  shocking'  to  learn  from  the 
biourai)hy  of  Theodore  Dreiser,  just 
published  l)y  Burton  Rascoe,  that  this 
crude  and  immoral  writer,  whose 
"Sister  Carrie""  helped  to  inaugurate 
the  present  era  of  "'oversexed  novels,'" 
as  a  critic  in  the  X.  Y.  Tniirs  calls 
them,  had  "a  pious  German  Catholic 
father. " " 


Some  of  our  older  readers  will  re- 
member Francis  Schlatter,  the  "di- 
vine healer,""  who  attracted  wide- 
spread attention  in  the  middle  nineties, 
especially  at  Denver,  Colo.,  and  then 
suddeidy  disappeared.  In  a  recent 
issue  of  the  llomUftic  and  Pastoral 
Hecicir  Schlatter  was  mentioned  as  an 
exam])le  of  a  non-Catholic  who  pos- 
sessed the  power  of  healino-.  The 
Denver  Catholic  Register  (Vol.  XX, 
Xo.  51)  says  that  "Schlatter  was  un- 
doubtedly a  Catholic,  as  he  attended 
Mass  at"St.  Patrick's  Church."  That 
he  attended  Mass  would  not  prove  that 
he  was  a  Catholic,  and  hence  we  are 
not  surprised  to  hear  our  contemporary 
say  further  that  Schlatter's  case  was 
"always  a  mystery  in  Denver,"  add- 
ing: "He  came,  attracted  thousands 
of  visitors,  took  nothing  for  his  cures, 
then  disappeared;  and  while  many 
have  ])retended  to  be  him  since  then, 
the  real  Schlatter  has  never  been 
found."  One  cannot  help  wondering 
what  became  of  him. 


Boys  whose  parents  object  to  their 
joining  the  Boy  Scouts,  the  Cadet 
Corps,  and  similar  organizations  are 
subjected  to  a  good  deal  of  molestation. 
Public  opinion  ought  to  make  itself 
heard  on  this  question.  There  are  boys 
who  do  not  want  to  join  these  organi- 
zations, and  there  are  parents  who 
object  to  have  their  boys'  minds  mili- 
tarized.    It   is  not   fair,   especially   in 


schools  ])ublicly  supported,  that  boys 
should  be  made  to  sui¥er  on  this  ac- 
count. If  we  are  to  work  our  way 
towards  international  peace,  we  must 
not  allow  the  minds  of  our  boys  to  be 
saturated  with  military  ideas  and  am- 
bitions. There  is  an  insidious  net 
spread  in  schools  by  men  who  believe 
in  militai'ism.  It  is  time  for  those  who 
do  not  believe  in  it — who  hold,  on  the 
conti'ary.  that  militarism  is  one  of  the 
curses  of  the  Avorld — to  voice  their  op- 
])(»sition   to  the  methods  adopted. 


A  committee  of  the  Anglican  Church 
Avas  a])pointed  last  year  to  report  up- 
on the  proposal  of  reviving  the  sub- 
diaconate.  In  its  recentl}'  issued  report 
this  committee  recommends  that  the 
order  of  subdeacon  be  revived;  that 
its  functions  should  include  the  read- 
ing of  the  epistle  at  the  priest's  direc- 
tion, and  under  the  same  direction 
when  no  priest  or  subdeacon  is  avail- 
aJ^le  for  the  duty ;  that  the  subdeacon 
should  assist  the  priest  by  administer- 
ing the  chalice,  reading  the  banns  of 
marriage,  and  in  casesi  of  emergency, 
burying  the  dead ;  that  the  subdeacon 
l)e  not  precluded  from  continuing  to  en- 
gage in  his  secular  calling,  be  not  called 
reverend,  or  expected  to  wear  clerical 
dress,  and  be  not  under  the  age  of 
twenty-one  on  admission  to  the  office; 
and  that  a  license  to  preach  be  issued 
separately  by  the  bishop.  (3ne  cannot 
help  wondering  Avhat  is  the  purpose 
of  this  curious  attempt  to  revive  an 
ancient  order  in  a  modern  Protestant 
denomination. 


AVe  cannot  say  that  we  have  been 
edified  by  the  perusal  of  "Brother 
Andre  of  St.  Joseph's  Oratory,'"  a 
liook  Ijy  AVm.  H.  Gregory  (Xew  York: 
.  \Vm.  -J.  Ilirten  Co.,  Inc.),  which  has  no 
episcopal  imprimatur  and  creates  the 
iinpressio)!  that  it  has.  been  written 
to  aid  in  the  construction  of  the  two- 
r;villion  dollar  Oratory  which  the  hero 
of  the  book,  a  lay  brother  of  the  Con- 
gregation of  the  Holy  Cross,  and  his 
friends  are  erecting  on  Mount  Royal, 
near   Montreal,    Canada,    in    honor    of 


1925 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


427 


St.  Joseph,  of  whose  cult  the  aged 
Brother  is  an  ardent  advocate,  and 
through  Avhose  intercession  many  mir- 
acles are  said  to  have  been  wrought 
there.  An  episcopal  commission  which 
investigated  the  matter  in  1911  re- 
ported that  the  authenticity  of  the  al- 
leged cures  was  not  established,  and 
hence  this  book  should  not  have  been 
published,  at  least  not  in  the  form 
which  the  author,  evidently  a  news- 
paper reporter  of  no  theological  learn- 
ing, has  seen  fit  to  give  to  it.  One  can- 
not help  wondering  what  sort  of 
"sacred  oil''  it  is  that  Brother  Andre 
recommends  to  the  pilgrims  (p.  82), 
by  wliom  and  how  it  is  manufactured, 
and  what  it  has  to  do  with  St.  Joseph. 

We  regret  to  hear  of  the  demise  of 
our  good  old  friend  Father  Samuel 
Macke,  0.  F.  M.,  whose  golden  jubilee 
as  a  Franciscan  it  was  our  privilege, 
with  many  others  of  his  former  pupils, 
to  celebrate  at  Quiney  College  in  1922. 
Fr.  Samuel  w^as  a  native  of  Germany, 
lie  entered  the  Franciscan  Order  at 
Teutopolis,  111.,  in  1872  and  was  or- 
dained to  the  priesthood  at  St.  Louis  in 
1879.  He  spent  35  of  his  46  years  in 
the  ministry  as  professor  in  the  Fran- 
ciscan colleges  of  Quiney  and  Teuto- 
polis, 111.,  where  we  had  him  as  a  teach- 
er of  religion  and  Latin  in  1887-89. 
Though  not  a  brilliant  scholar,  he  was 
a  splendid  educator,  combining,  as  tlie 
Franciscan  Herald  truly  says,  efficient 
instruction  and  good  discipline  with 
paternal  kindness.  From  1915  to  1921 
he  served  as  provincial  of  the  Province 
of  the  Sacred  Heart.  His  last  charge 
was  that  of  guardian  of  the  college 
community  at  Teutopolis.  He  died 
there  Aug.  19,  at  the  ripe  age  of  74, 
and  his  remains  rest  in  the  vault  of 
the  novitiate  garden.    Have  pia  a>ii)na! 


The  Berlin  Germania  records  the 
death,  at  Tutzing,  near  Munich,  of  Dr. 
Georg  von  Mayr,  the  famous  Catholic 
economist  and  statistician.  He  was  the 
creator,  under  Bismarck,  of  the  State 
monopoly  of  tobacco  in  Germany,  but 
devoted  the  larger  part  of  his  life  to 
teaching   and  writing.      His   chief  do- 


main was  that  of  statistics,  which  he 
developed  into  a  true  science,  though 
his  complete  identification  of  that 
science  with  sociology  did  not  find  gene- 
ral acceptance.  Plis  unfinished  work, 
"Statistik  und  Gesellschaftslehre" 
(three  volumes)  is  a  classic,  and  one 
cannot  but  regret  that  the  author  did 
not  live  long  enough  to  complete  it. 
Dr.  von  Mayr  was  a  practical  Catholic 
and  did  not  hesitate  to  profess  his  faith 
even  at  a  time  when  it  was  no  recom- 
mendation for  a  professor  and  an  of- 
ficial to  be  counted  among  the  despised 
"Fltramontanes.""     R.  i.  p. 


At  the  recent  Belgian  Archeological 
Conference,  according  to  the  Ave  Maria 
(N.  S.,  Vol.  XXII,  No.  14),  Dom 
Croquison,  0.  S.  B.,  presented  a  care- 
ful analysis  of  the  problem  of  the 
famous  Antioch  Chalice,  concluding 
that  the  chalice  could  not  antedate  the 
fourth  century,  because  early  Christian 
art  used  neither  this  form  nor  this  style 
of  decoration.  His  opinion  was  shared 
l)y  M.  Brehier  and  Msgr.  Batilfol,  Avho 
2ioted  that  certain  symbols  included  in 
the  decorative  scheme  are  usually  con- 
sidered of  comparatively  late  origin. 
"But,''  says  our  contemporary, 
"though  the  criticism  summarized  at 
the  Conference  was  impressive,  the  feel- 
ing of  most  of  those  in  attendance  was 
that  it  would  be  unsafe  to  declare  def- 
ijiiteh'  that  the  chalice  could  not  be 
what  is  claimed  for  it." 


The  Rev.  R.  J.  :\IcAVilliams,  S.  J.,  in 
discussing  "The  Mentality  of  Paleo- 
lithic Man"  in  the  Ecclesiastical  Rcr 
vieiv  (Vol.  LXXIII,  No.  3),  shows  by 
a  number  of  examples  that  there  is 
no  essential  difference  betAveen  that 
mentality  and  our  OAvn.  The  differ- 
ence that  does  exist  is  not  biological 
or  essential,  but  merely  "consists  in 
this,  that  Ave  have  a  richer  store  of 
general  conceptions,  a  longer  training, 
the  heritage  of  centuries  of  tradition, 
continuity,  and  contact  AAuth  the  great- 
er mass  of  humanity."  Consequently, 
AA^e  are  justified  in  aAvaiting  "any  evi- 
dence of  a  semi-human  type — anatomi- 


4l^S 


l-'OirrXKlIlTL^-    IJKVIEW 


()ct( 


■r  15 


(•ally,  iiitellcctiuilly,  ('iilturally — of 
cUiytiiiiiji*  tluit  cjiii  pose  as  coinnioii  ani- 
mal aiU'Ostor  to  man  and  anthro|)()i(ls." 
In  other  words,  the  "missiniz'  link" 
has  not  yet  been  fonnd.  In  our  opin- 
ion it  is  not  likely  thai  it  ^vill  ever  be 
found,  for  the  simple  reason  that  it 
never  existed. 


AVe  reji'ret  to  learn  of  the  death,  at 
the  age  of  86,  of  M.  Henri  Joly,  the 
veil-known  author  of  "The  Psychol- 
ogy of  the  Saints""  and  editor  of  the 
valuable  "Saints'"  stories.  He  was  a 
native  of  Auxen-e,  and  after  a  l)rilliant 
university  eareer  taught  philosophy  in 
the  public  schools  of  Nice,  Poitiers, 
Douai,  and  finally  at  the  Sorl)onne. 
Paris,  lie  pul)lislied  many  works  on 
])sychology,  in  which  he  was  passion- 
ately interested.  Xor  did  he  confine 
his  studies  to  books,  for  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  several  societies  concerned  with 
prisons,  young  criminals,  vagrants,  etc. 
His  best  known  work,  ah'cady  men- 
tioned, appeared  in  18!)7.  lie  also 
wrote  "St.  Teresa"  for  the  po})ular 
series  of  which  he  was  general  editor. 
His  last  l)ooks  were  a  study  of  social 
life  in  Italy  and  two  voltnnes  of  mem- 
oirs. 


In  P)24  there  was  ])ublished  a  new 
edition  of  the  Roman  Martyrology, 
dated  1922,  and  approved  by  Pope 
Benedict  XV.  Notwithstanding  the 
fifteen  liundred  or  so  notices  that  had 
been  modified,  Dom  Henry  Quentin, 
0.  S.  B.,  writes  that  errors  of  a  most 
serious  nature  have  rtMuained  and  that 
the  re\is()r  liimscif  has  added  a  few 
moi'c.  We  are  glad  to  see  from  the 
dnill  (\'()1.  VII,  No.  4)  that  Dom 
<-i>uentin,  a  finislied  scholar  and  master 
of  tlie  sources,  has  been  commissioned 
l)y  Pope  Pius  XI  to  ])reparc>  a  ci'iti- 
cal  revision  of  th(>  Mdrfi/rdlof/iKiii  Ra- 
lidiiium. 


Canon  (,'oube,  in  his  interesting 
monthly  magazine  Re  rue  r/r.s-  Ohjee- 
t'tons,  prints  a  short  notice  of  an  im- 
portant new  book  recently  published 
l)y  the  Abbe  Th.  Moreux."  The  book 
is    entitled,    "La    Science    Mysterieuse 


des  Phai-aoiis""  and  deals  with  the 
scientific  attaimnents  of  tlu-  ancient 
Egyptians.  These  attainments,  were 
of  the  highest  order, — so  advanced  in- 
de(Hl  that,  to-day,  after  six  thousand 
yeai's,  we  find  that  we  are  merely  re- 
discovering things  Avhich  were  well 
known  to  the  ancient  P]gy|)tians.  The 
Abl)e  Moreux,  himself  an  eminent 
scientist  and  director  of  the  astronom- 
ical observatory  at  Bourges,  shows 
Avhat  a  consumnmte  technical  knowl- 
edge the  construction  of  the  pyramids 
presupposes,  and  how  accurately  the 
Egyptians  had  learned  from  the  Chal- 
deans to  predict  celestial  phenomena. 
He  thinks  that  there  must  have  been 
a  very  ancient  i)eople,  unknown  to  us, 
who  discovered  the  constellations  and 
transmitted  their  knowledge,  probably 
l)y  oral  tradition,  to  the  Chaldeans, 
from  whom  the  Egy])tians  got  it. 


The  current  number  of  the  Archi- 
ruin  Fr<niciseaiii())i  Ilisforicion  (Vol. 
X\M11,  No.  '■■>)  contains  a  tentative  life 
sketch  of  Fr.  Louis  Hennepin,  the 
famous  F]-anciscan  missionary  and  ex- 
Dlorer.  The  author,  Fr.  Jerome  Coyens, 
O.  F.  M.,  traces  Hennepin  "s  career  to 
his  advent  in  Rome,  in  1701,  after 
which  every  trace  of  him  is  lost.  It 
appears  that  Fr.  Hennepin  had  plenty 
of  time  to  make  the  trip  to  the  mouth 
of  the  Mississi]:)])i,  of  which  he  tells  in 
his  Becouverfe,  and  that  the  cal- 
umnies which  were  later  spread  against 
him  can,  at  least  in  ])art,  be  traced 
to  La  Salle.  Fr.  Goyens  gives  a  very 
careful  list  of  the  different  books  pub- 
lished by  Hennepin  and  a  compara- 
tive table  of  the  events  recorded  there- 
in. The  article  is  a  valuable  contri- 
l)uti()n  to  the  controversy  that  centers 
around  the  memory  of  this  valiant 
missionary. 


At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  "Leo 
Association""  of  ^^ienna,  Father  W. 
Schmidt,  S.  A".  D.,  gave  an  interesting 
account  of  the  reorganization  of  the 
Catholic  missions  whose  workers  are 
supplied  from  Germany  and  Austria. 
These    missions   suffered   severe    losses 


1925 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


429 


t-liroug'h  the  Great  AVar,  though,  as 
Father  Schmidt  remarked,  they  -were 
not  the  only  suti'erers.  The  war  "was  a 
calamity  for  Catholic  foreign  mission- 
aries generally.  The  missions  supplied 
from  France  lost  hea^'ily  through  large 
numbers  of  missionaries  being  recalled 
for  military  service,  in  which  many  of 
tliem  Avere  killed  or  permanently  dis- 
p.bled,  while  the  supply  of  new  workers 
ceased  almost  entirely  during  the  war 
years.  The  German  and  Austrian 
missions  were  temporarily  broken  up 
or  almost  entirely  disorganized.  Priests 
and  nuns  of  German  and  Austrian  na- 
tionality were  expelled  from  all  the 
annexed  German  colonies  and  also 
from  Allied  possessions  in  Africa  and 
Asia.  Japan — a  non-Christian  State 
—was  the  only  Allied  Power  that  did 
not  expel  the  German  missio]i  priests. 

Bishop  Alexander  McDonald,  in  his 
book  "The  Apostles'  Creed,"  which 
has  recently  appeared  in  a  new  en- 
larged edition,  broaches  an  interesting 
theory  as  to  the  origin  of  the  word 
"Catholic."  He  traces  it  to  tlie  time 
of  the  Apostolic  Church,  when  the  Gen- 
tiles began  to  come  in  in  large  numbers, 
and  the  international  character  of  the 
Church  was  clearly  seen.  Though  we 
do  not  find  the  word  in  the  New  Test- 
ament, St.  Ignatius  of  Antioch  uses 
"Catholic"  as  a  inatter  of  course  and 
the  phrases  "Church"  and  "Catholic- 
Church"'  as  svnonvms. 


^^  A  revieAver  of  Fr.  Wood's  book, 
"Augustine  and  Evolution,"  in  No. 
735  of  the  Mouth  points  out  that  noth- 
ing in  that  brilliant  study  invalidates 
the  contention  of  Canon  Dorlodot  that 
Augustine  is  hois  de  cause,  and  the 
question  whether  modern  evolutionary 
theory  squares  Avitli  the  teaching  of  the 
Church  will  have  to  be  fought  out 
on  other  ground  than  that  of  Patrology. 
What  Zahm  and  Mivart  thought  about 
St.  Augustine  is  of  no  importance ;  he 
who  Avishes  seriously  to  impugn  the 
orthodoxy  of  moderate  evolution,  as 
held  by  many  Catholic  scholars,  had 
better  tackle  Canon  Dorlodot 's  book 
and  make  ha  a-  Avith  it  if  he  can. 


Father  Joseph  Riekaby,  S.  J.,  on 
page  24:8  of  his  "Readings  from  St. 
Augustine  on  the  Psalms,"  quotes  that 
great  Doctor  of  the  Church  as  saying : 
"The  superfluities  of  the  rich  are  the 
necessities  of  the  poor.  To  possess 
superfluities  is  to  possess  other  men's 
property.-'-'  Fr.  Riekaby  alloAvs  "an 
underlying  vein  of  truth  here,"  but 
says  that  the  proposition  is  (for  our 
days)  dangerous,  uni)racticable,  and 
needing  so  much  modification  that  Ave 
may  call  it  as  it  stands — false."'  Yet, 
as  a  Avriter  in  Blackfriars  reminds  the 
learned  Jesuit,  and  us  all,  "St.  Basil 
and  St.  Ambrose  make  the  same  state- 
ment in  even  stronger  terms,  and  Fath- 
er Riekaby  has  St.  Tliomas  Aquinas, 
too,  against  him." 

Some  people  are  vain  enough  to 
imagine  that  Avhen  the  last  appendix 
shall  have  disappeared  out  of  the  book 
of  human  life,  humanit\'  Avill  he  health- 
ful. But  I  am  an  agnostic.  I  venture 
to  guess  that  Avhen  the  aiipendices 
have  disappeared  the  doctors  Avill  find 
something  Avrong  Avitli  the  table  of  eon- 
tents. — Memoirs  of  Thos.  R.  Marshall. 


MATTERS  LITURGICAL 

The    CoUectio    Rerum    Liturgicarum     of 
Rev.   Joseph   Wuest,    C.   SS.   R. 

Translated    and    Revised    by 
Rev.    Thomas    W.    Mullaney,    C.    SS.    R. 


To  the  priest  long  on  the  mission,  to 
the  ne\vly-ordained,  and  to  the  semin- 
arian MATTERS  LITURGICAL  will 
make  a  special  appeal,  furnishing  him 
as  it  does  with  a  ready  answ^er  to  the 
many  questions  that  arise  in  the  min- 
istry, when  he  has  not  the  leisure  or  the 
convenience  to  consult  larger  works  on 
the    Sacred    Liturgy. 

Handy  pocket  size    (3'/'2x6   inches)    630 

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TPIE   FORTNIGHTLY    IM^VIKW 


OrtcilxT    15 


Correspondence 


Frequent   Communion 

To  tlio  Editor:  — 

My  Mttcntiou  has  been  direc-ted  to  a  letter 
lu  your  Revikw  of  September  15,  in  Avliicli  the 
writer  takes  exception  to  my  faihire  to  em- 
phasise tlie  distinction  betAveen  frequent  and 
daily  Communion,  in  the  sense  that  frequent 
Com'munion  if  of  necessity,  whereas  a  similar 
obligation  is  lacking  in  regard  to  daily  Com- 
munion. 

In  replv  1  beg  to  state  that  all  through  the 
articles  aiipearing  in  EddihiiiiwI  1  have  fol- 
lowed the  terminology  of  the  decree  ' '  Sacra. 
Tridentina  Synodus. ' '  This  document  in- 
variably couples  "  f  re(juent  "  with  "daily" 
ii'  its  "mention  of  the  desire  of  the  Church 
for  the  fostering  of  devotion  to  the  Sa.cra- 
uient  of  the  Altar. 

The  author  of  the  criticism  referred  to 
signals  the  words  "salutary  practice''  as  be- 
ing incorrectly  applied  to  frequent  Commun- 
ion. My  response  to  this  charge  will  l)e  the 
repeating  of  canon  l3  of  the  above  decree 
from  which  the  expression  is  taken  verbatim: 
"But  since  it  is  plain  that,  by  the  frequent 
or  daily  reception  of  the  Holy  Eucharist, 
ujiion  with  Christ  is  fostered,  the  spritual 
life  more  abundantly  sustained,  the  soul 
more  richly  endowed  Avith  virtues,  and  an 
even  surer'  pledge  of  ev(>rlasting  happiness 
l)est()\ved  on  the  recipient,  therefore  parish 
priests,  confessors  and  preachers — in  accord- 
ance with  the  approved  teaching  of  the  Ro- 
n:an  Catechism — are  frequently,  and  Avith 
great  zeal,  to  exhort  the  faithful  to  this  de- 
vout   and    salutary    practice." 

I  am  far  from  ignoring  the  distinction  be- 
tween frecpient  and  daily  communion.  My 
object  in  penning  the  series  on  frequent  Com- 
nuinion  is  to  focus  attention  upon  the  obliga- 
tion incumbent  upon  the  priests  of  conscien- 
tious endeavors  to  obtain  as  many  communions 
as  pjossible  from  their  people.  The  number 
of  these  communions  will  necessarily  be  rela- 
tive;— Avhat  would  be  frequent  for  one  Avonld 
be  considered  lukeAvarm  in  another.  Again, 
Avhen  Ave  speak  of  correspondence  to  sacra- 
mental grace,  Ave  must  reckon  Avith  circum- 
stances of  time,  jdace,  health,  distance  and 
duties  of  one's  station  in  life.  All  these 
phases  of  Eucharistic  devotion  as  affecting 
the  faithful  Avill  not  excuse  the  priest  if  he 
fails  to  obtain  daily  communion  in  the 
place  say,  of  Aveekly,  fortnightly,  or  even 
monthly  communion. 

My  thesis  is  that  Ave  priests  are,  by  office, 
Ixiund  to  labor,  in  season  and  out  of  season, 
by  every  legitimate  and  prudent  means  Avithin 
our  power,  to  foster  devotion  to  frequent  and 
daily  Communion  among  the  souls  committed 
to  our  care.  If  Ave  cannot  obtain  daily  com- 
munion, every  effort  should  be  put  forth  to 
make  the  communions  as  frequent  as  pos- 
.  silile.  (Rev.)  Charles  F.  Curran,  Halifax,  N.  S. 


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WANTED: — A  copy  of  the  late  Fr.  F.  X. 
Weninger's,  S.  J.,  book,  long  out  of  print, 
entitled,  'The  Mission  of  the  Sacred  Heart." 
or  something  similar.  The  book  seems  to 
have  had  about  600  pages.  The  Festivals  of 
the  Year  take  up  one  of  the  parts.  Part  IV 
has  a  "Ten  Days'  Devotion".  Another  part 
has  "The  Voice  of  Jesus  and  the  Soul." 
Part  IX  is  entitled,  "Affectionate  Union  of 
the  Soul  with  the  Sacred  Heart  of  Jesus." 
art  II  "Union  in  Love."  Concusion:  "Signs 
and  Fruits  of  the  (Jood  Use  of  This  Book." 
Other  divisions  are:  "Rene-wal  of  the  Resolu- 
tions Formed  During  the  Mission;"  "Duties 
of  the  Married  Man;"  "Duties  of  the  Mar- 
ried Woman;"  "Duties  of  the  Young  Man:" 
"Duties  of  the  Maiden;"  Explanation  of  the 
Apostles'  Creed.  The  book  is  desired  liy  a 
party  who  will  pay  a  good  price  for  a  Avell 
preserved  copy.  Address  A.  B..  care  FORT- 
NIGHTLY   REVIEW. 


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Excerpts    from    Letters 

Apropos  of  your  recent  observatiou.s  on  the 
X.  C.  W.  C.  news  service,  let  me  say  that  it 
is  eon.sidered  a  propaganda  bureau  in  Wash- 
ington, and  not  unjustly  so,  for  it  sends  out 
comparatively  little  news,  but  a  lot  of  opinion, 
regarding  the  bulk  of  which  no  one  knows 
whose   opinion   it    is. — P.    H.   C. 

Col.  P.  H.  Callahan  writes  that  he  has 
lately  seen  U.  S.  Senator  Ashurst,  of  Arizona 
and  Mrs.  Ashurst  and  is  convinced  that  there 
is  no  truth  in  the  statement  made  in  the 
Felloivship  Forwm  and  quoted  in  the  F.  R. 
that  tlie  Senator  has  retained  his  membership 
in  the  Masonic  order  since  becoming  a  Cath- 
olic. 

Here  in  Washington  (D.  C.)  the  X.  C.  W. 
C.  Xews  Service  is  commonly  regarded  not  as 
a  ne\vs  service,  but  simply  and  solely  as  a 
propaganda  bureau,  Isecause  the  matter  it 
sends  out  to  the  Catholic  press  is  not  pure 
news,    but    very    largely    opinion. — Corresp. 

In  the  current  number  of  your  esteemed 
Revie-w  Dr.  O  'Toole 's  recent  book  on  evolu- 
tion is  adversely  criticized  by  an  anonymous 
authority.  Dr.  0 'Toole,  as  I  understand,  is 
out  of  the  country,  on  missionary  work,  and 
cannot,  therefore,  himself  protest  against 
such  anonymous  criticism.  Many  of  your 
readers,  I  am  sure,  will  sincerely  regret  the 
])ungent  remarks  concerning  a  Avork  which 
they  regard  as  one  of  the  best  contributions  to 
the  literature  on  evolution,  and  if  the  critic 
is  not  afraid  to  disclose  his  identity,  I  doubt 
not  but  that,  in  the  absence  of  Dr.  -O  'Toole, 
some  of  his  friends  Avill  gladly  endeavor  to 
vindicate  his  w^ork  against  the  criticisms.  An 
anonymous  attack  deserves  a  protest,  but  no 
other  answer. —  (Eev.)  WiUiam  L.  Hornsl)}/, 
S.  J.,  Mimdelein,  11! . 

In  a  note  on  John  Kirkland  Wright 's  book, 
' '  The  Geographical  Lore  of  the  Time  of  the 
Crusades,"  the  F.  R.  says  (No.  18,  p.  388) 
that  the  teaching  of  the  medieval  schools  was 
almost,  if  not  quite,  unanimous  in  adhering 
to  the  ancient  view  of  a  spherical  earth.  So 
fai'  as  maps  are  concerned,  Ave,  too,  print  the 
earth  as  though  flat,  because  there  is  no  other 
way.  This  is  as  true  of  the  Ptolemaic  map 
of  the  earth  as  it  is  of  that  by  Regiomon- 
tanus.  For  the  rest,  Dante  in  his  ' '  Divina 
Commedia"  furnishes  sufficient  evidence  that 
the  earth  was  regarded  as  a  globe,  for  he 
takes  the  fact  for  granted,  and  hence  the 
belief  must  have  been  common  among  his 
readers. —  C.  Meurer,  Editor  Arkansas  Echo, 
Little  RocTc,  Ark. 

In  Xo.  15  of  the  F.  R..  page  319,  reference 
is  made  to  St.  Paul's  prayer  for  Oncsiphorus 
in  1  Tim. ;  the  prayer  occurs  in  2  Tim.  I, 
16-18.— TF.   W. 

In  Xo.  16  of  the  F.  R.,  page  317  f.,  Fr. 
Auo-..   Bondiolt    says    that    the    real    and    only 


-t;-!i' 


THE    FOirrXIGHTLV   REVIEW 


Oetdlier   15 


siilutiiiii  of  tin-  "  |](]y  ]Ji-(ililciii  "  lies  in  tlic 
lioiiic.  May  \  aihl  tliat  uuv  cliiirrh  six-icties, 
to(i,  can  licl])  fffi'ctivcly, — tlic  youii;;'  nn'ii 's 
Sodality,  the  Holy  Xaiiic  Sdcic'ty,  and,  last 
hut  not  least,  the  'Hiird  Order.  Are  these 
not  of  ,Lir(>a1er  value  tlian  tlie  Boy  Scouts  and 
tlu.'  Boy  Brigade?  1  would  call  attention  to 
tin/  article  oji  tlie  nieanino-  of  the  Third  Or- 
der for  our  time  in  the  Fnsinvtdbhitt  for 
Auo-ust,  li)l';l— (7,'rr. )  Wm.  Wrhcr.  Johii.s- 
hiirr/.  i;i. 

At  tlie  IStlM  Siijirenie  Convention  of  the 
Knio-lits  of  rolunilius  tliere  were  ;-!l'.3  (kde.yates 
on  the  red],  l»ut  actually  only  3i;»  present. 
Tlie  report  sliowed  tliat  the  steady  loss  of 
membership  since  Wyi'l  had  been  stopped.  The 
membersliip  of  Juik"  30,  1925,  was  751,000. 
Tlie  inenibership  two  months  before  that  date 
hail  sunk  to  74fi.000,  a  loss  of  over  30,000  in 
three  years.  As  a  result  of  decreased  mem- 
bership the  roll  of  the  Convention  w.as  the 
smallest  in  years.  The  ''machine'"  won  all 
tlie  offices.  There  was  no  opjiosition  save  on 
tile  Sujireme  Kiiijilitship.  Connecticut  pre- 
sented Brother  ]\[.  Edward  Hagjierty,  and  lie 
received  51  votes;  two  were  blanks,  and 
Brother  Flaherty  received  1250.  Connecticut 
refused  to  m.ake  the  election  unanimous. 
Beyond  a  doubt.  Brother  TIaggerty  would  have 
received  more  votes  had  he  entered  the  race 
earlier.  He  was  not  ;i  candidate  until  the 
very  niorninu-  of  tlie  election.  The  deliate  on 
the  two  proposals,  namely:  (1)  to  prevent 
Supreme  Officers  or  Directors  from  hobling 
anv  one  office  for  more  tlian  six  years,  and 
(2)  to  hold  cdections  for  Supreme  Officers  as 
the  last-  order  of  business  in  Supreme  Con- 
ventions, was  interesting  and  good-tempered. 
Xo  attempt  was  made,  like  last  year,  to  shut 
off  debate  ])rematnrely.  The  proposals  were 
lost,  but  the  \'ote  was  moderately  close.  It 
was  about  (id  ])er  cent  to  40  per  cent  on  the 
holding  of  elections  as  the  last  order  of  busi- 
ness, ;iud  about  the  same  on  tlie  otlu'r  pro- 
posal.—K.    of    C. 


BOOK  REVIEWS 


Scotism  and  the  Neo-Scholastic   Revival 

No.  3  of  Frdiiciscdii  Stiuliis  (.bisejih  l'\ 
Wagner.  Inc.)  is  devoted  to  four  short  ]ia]iers 
by  Father  Berard  Vogt,  O.  F.  M..  on  (  1  ) 
The  Origin  and  |)evelo]nnent  of  the  I'^ran- 
ciscan  Scliool.  (2)  Duns  Scotus  .■ind  St. 
Thoiii;is,  (3)  The  "l'\irnial  Distiiictiiui, '  '  and 
(4)  Tlie  "Forma  Corjioreitatis '  "  of  Duns 
Scotus.  The  author,  one  of  our  leading 
.\merican  Scotists,  \iews  the  later  Scotistic 
School  as  a  continuation  and  development  of 
the  earlier  Franciscan  School,  represented  by 
Alexander  of  Hales,  St.  Bonaventure,  ^Matthew 
of  Aquasparta,  .lohn  Peckham,  Richard  of 
^Fiddletown,  and  otliers.  He  complains  that 
the  Neo-S(diolastic  revival  has  so  far  been 
jiractically  identical  with  the  Xeo-Thomist 
niovcMiieut,    but    fraukh-    admits    th;it    Francis- 


Church    Bazaars,    Festivals,    etc. 

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goods  with  perfect  satisfaction  for  over 
thirty  years.  This  is  because  we  carry 
a  large  selection  of  merchandise  especial- 
ly suitable  for  such  purposes  at  un- 
usually low  prices. 

Our   Goods   Assure   Profits 
Because    They    Are     Use- 

I'-ri  T;T.n,T3T  "J     'f '-' b     Attractive     and     Ap- 

i'.7.riHUR£,«     pealing. 

Novelties,  Silverware, 

Aluminum  Goods.  Dolls, 
Candy,  Indian  Blankets, 
Paddle  Wheels,  etc. 
This  large  catalogue  free 
to  Clergymen  and  buying 
committees. 

We  can  refer  to  hundreds 
of  Catholic  Churches. 

Our   Catalog— 

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Address: 

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1925 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


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can  scholars  are  themselves  to  blame  for  the 
neglect  of  vScotism,  as  they  have  failed  to 
provide  adequate  monographs  for  the  text- 
liook  makers.  He  justly  contends  that  the 
synthesis  of  St.  Thomas,  masterful  as  it  is, 
is  not  tlie  only  legitimate  synthesis  of  13th- 
century  thought.  That  age  Avas  rich  in  great 
individual  thinkers,  who  had  their  visions  of 
truth,  their  intuitions  of  genius,  each  ac- 
cording to  his  predominant  bent.  Though  one 
in  essentials,  Thomas  and  Scotus  differ  radi- 
cally at  times  because  of  their  different  men- 
tal temperaments.  Thomas  is  primarily  sub- 
jective, Scotus  objective.  Both  views  are  in 
reality   complementary   rather  than   exclusive. 

The  autlu)r  ilhistrates  his  contention  by 
sliowing  tliat  the  virtual  distinction  of  tlie 
Tluimists  is  substantially  identical  with  the 
distiiictio  forma.is  of  the  Scotists.  "  Botli 
analyzed  the  dual  mixed  facts  implied  in  this 
intermediate  distinction  accurately  and  com- 
]iletely.  But  l)ecanse  of  the  well-known  dif- 
fcreiu-e  in  numtal  temperament  St.  Thomas, 
tlie  Intellectualist,  saw  and  felt  tlie  distinc- 
tion primarily  as  a  mental  distinction,  and  so 
defined  it  as  a  '  disUnctio  raiionis.'  admitting, 
li()\vt'V(M-,  tliat  it  lias  an  antecedent  and  inde- 
pendent foundation  in  reality,  whereas 
Scotus,  witli  liis  more  realistic  temperament, 
was  more  powerfully  impressed  by  the  ob- 
jective factor  and  so  emphasized  tlie /act  that 
it  is  a  '  distinctio  a  parte  rei;'  adding,  liow- 
ever,  that  it  was  not  simply  a  real  distinction 
Ix'tween  thing  and  thing,  but  only  a  distinc- 
tion between  a  res  and  its  realitates,  that  is, 
between  a  thing  and  its  intrinsic  modes  {for- 
liwJitatf'S) ,  ;ind  consequently  admitting  that 
it  is  a  mental  distinction  in  so  far  as  we  have 
two  mental  concepts  representing  one  thing 
of  nature.  What  the  cme  philosopher  puts 
ill  recin,  tlie  otlier  puts  in  ohliquo,  and  vice 
versa. ' ' 

The  Scotistic  "forma  corjinreitatis' '  dis- 
pute according  to  Er.  Berard,  is  substantially 
identical  with  the  new  "nature  theory"  prolj- 
lem,  and  lie  calls  attention  to  the  interest- 
ing fact  that  "modern  Scholastics  trained  in 
chemical  analysis  and  synthesis  and  biological 
research  are  again  returning  to  this  view  of 
plural  substantial  forms  and  hold  that  the 
ultimate  material  constituents  of  the  body 
remain  suhstantialJy  unaltered  in  their  pas- 
sage into  and  through  and  out  of  the  cycle  of 
man's  vegetative  life;  that  they  retain  their 
elemental  substantial  forms,  while  they  as- 
sume a  new  nature  by  becoming  parts  of  one 
organic   -whole.'' 

The  author  of  these  i^apers  would  be  the 
man  to  map  out  a  programme  for  the  work 
that  must  be  done  in  order  that  Scotus  and 
the  Scotists  may  receive  proper  recognition  in 
the  current  Catholic  manuals  of  philosophy. 

Literary  Briefs 

— The  hitest  installment  of  the  "Haus- 
schatz'nicher "    comprises    Xos.    31    to    41    of 


434 


THE   FORTNIGIITLV   KKVIEW 


October  15 


that  well  selected  and  neatly  printed  eollec- 
tidii  of  novels  and  short  stories  for  German 
readers.  We  note  Eicbendorff 's  "Die  Gliicks- 
ritter, ' '  AnzenoTuber  's  ' '  Sieben  Meister- 
erziililungen,"  Hutten 's  "Der  Immergiiine 
Kranz,"  Gaudy's  "  Venezianisclie  Novellen,  " 
etc.,  and  selected  stories  from  the  Russian  of 
Turgenjeif,  Pushkin,  and  Gogol.  Tliese  book- 
lets sell  at  one  gold  mark  a  piece  in  Ger- 
many, which  jii'oliahly  makes  the  price  about 
35  or  4IJ  cts.  in  this  country.  We  regret  th;it 
we  have  nothing  like  this  collection  of  good 
fiction  for  the  Christian  family  at  anywhere 
near  this  price  in  English    ( Kosel  &  Pustet). 

— .Messrs.  Benziger  Brothers  have  publish- 
ed a  "Students'  Edition''  of  Father  F.  X. 
Lasance's  "New  Missal  for  Every  Day." 
This  book  is  a  valuable  aid  to  tlie  sprouting 
"liturgical  movement,"  and  we  are  glad  to 
see  it  made  accessible  to  all  the  faithful  in  a 
clieaper  edition. 

— "Mary  Elizabeth  Towiieley  (in  Religion 
Sister  Marie  des  Saints-Anges),  Provincial  of 
the  English  Province  of  tlie  Sisters  of  Notre 
Dame  of  Xanmr"  (Benziger  Bros.)  is  the 
title  of  a  Avell-written  life  of  an  English  lady 
(1S46-1922),  -who  renounced  a  high  social 
position  to  serve  God  in  a,  religious  Order. 
Tlie  name  of  the  author  is  not  given.  Presum- 
ably the  book  has  been  written  by  a  membei- 
of  the  community,  and  most  certainly  it  has 
been  \vell  done, — \vitli  warmth,  sincerity,  and 
literary  distinction.  The  volume  is  beauti 
fully  printed  and  richly  illustrated.  The  in- 
spirational part  of  this  memoir  is  its  story 
of  self-conquest,  of  real  renunciation.  Sistei- 
Marie  des  Saints-Auges  traveled  far  and 
founded  many  houses,  and  now  that  she  is 
dead  the  i^ublie  learns  for  tlie  first  time  of 
her  generosity  in  using  her  wealth  for  the 
good  of  the  Order  which  she  loved.  Alto- 
getlier  this  is  a  charming  memoir,  and  avc 
trust  it  will  be  widely  read. 

— "Christ  or  Chaos"  is  the  title  of  an 
apologetic  volume  by  Father  Martin  J.  Scott, 
S.  J.  (NeAv  York:  P.  .J.  Kenedy  &  Sons).  It 
is  addressed  to  the  non-Catholic  reader  and 
offers  in  every  chapter,  after  a  brief  exposi- 
tion of  the  Catholic  teaching  on  the  respective 
subject,  an  accumulation  of  non-Catholic  tes- 
timony -which,  if  it  does  not  forthwith  con- 
vince, should  certainly  cause  serious  reflec- 
tion in  every  one  who  desires  to  embrace  the 
truth  at  whatever  cost.  The  book  is  divided 
into  three  parts,  of  Avhich  the  first  establishes 
the  infallibility  of  the  Church  of  Christ,  the 
second  clarifies  the  essential  points  of  Cath- 
olic doctrine,  and  the  third  contains  more 
than  a  score  of  interesting  and  edifying  state- 
ments by  prominent  converts  explaining  hew 
tliey   felt   after  their  conversion. 

Father    Neil    P>oyton,    S.    .T.,    kiunvs    the 

taste  of  the  a\erage  American  boy  lietter  per- 
hajis  than  any  other  of  the  several  Catholic 
authors   now   \\ritiiig   stories   for  that  particu- 


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Why  My  Services? 

For  the  same  reason  that  yon  employ 
an  arehitert  when  bnildiiig  ehnreh, 
parish-honse  or  school.  I  sufecpiard 
your  i)}terests.' 

Experience  in  clesignino-,  yeni's  of  un- 
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careful  study  of  organ  designing  and 
building,  make  my  service  of  value. 

iiiiiiiiiiniiii!!iiiiiiii>iii!i!niiiiii!iinHiiiniiiiiii!iiii!iiiii!ii!iiiiiiiiiiii!iini!!iiiHiiiiiiiiiininiiiiHiiiiiiininiHiiii 

ADOLPH  B.  SUESS 

Desig  lie  t'-Mcniuf  act  u)'er-I)n  porter 
VMi  Lynch  Ave..         East  St.  Louis,  III. 


lar  jiers'in  's  cnti'rtaiument.  In  his  recent 
Viook.  ' '  Where  ^Monkeys  Swing ;  an  American 
Boy's  Adventures  in  India"  ( Benziger  Bros.) 
he  dispenses  thrills  aplenty.  The  fighting 
apes,  cobras,  and  black  panthers  with  which 
"Mousie"  Moran  meets  in  the  jungles  make 
this  a  most  interesting  adventure  story. 

— It  is  almost  forty  years  since  Dr.  Ludwig 
von  Pastor  published  the  first  volume  of  his 
monumental  "  Gi-eschichte  der  Papste, "  which 
at  once  took  rank  as  a  classic.  Xine  massive 
volumes  have  since  appeared,  the  tenth,  deal- 
ing with  the  pontificate  of  Sixtus  V,  is  in 
press,  and  several  others  are  to  follow  in  rapid 
succession.  It  is  all  the  more  remarkable  that 
the  aged  historian  can  find  the  time  not  only 
to  revise,  but  completely  to  overhaul  his 
earlier  volumes.  In  preparing  the  Otli  to  7th 
edition  of  his  first  volume,  for  instance,  which 
we  have  just  received  from  Herder  &  Co.,  he 
had  to  utilize  the  researches,  domestic  as  well 
as  foreign,  of  almost  an  entire  generation  of 
scholars.  He  performed  this  gigantic  task 
Avith  his  usual  diligence  and  hardly  a  page 
has  remained  unchanged.  In  reading  his 
sketch  of  the  literary  Renaissance  in  Italy, 
therefore,  and  his  account  of  the  pontificates 
(if  Martin  V,  Eugene  IV,  Nicholas  V,  and 
Callistus  III,  the  reader  may  rest  assured  that 
he  has  the  very  latest  word  on  this  important 
period  in  the  history  of  the  papacy. 

— "On  the  Sands  of  Coney"  is  another 
story  by  Pr.  Neil  Boyton,  S.  J.,  already  so 
favorably  knoAvn  to  our  boys  for  his  ability 
to  describe  exciting  adventures.  There  is 
plenty  of  both  excitement  and  adventure 
in  this  book,  which  gives  the  inside  story  of 
Coney  Island,  the  famous  Atlantic  seaside 
resort,  Avhere  Pr.  Boyton  worked  and  played 
as  a  young  man.      (Benziger  Bros.). 


NEW    BOOKS    RECEIVED 

On  the  Sands  of  Coney.  By  Neil  Boyton,  S.  J. 
192  pp.  12mo.     Benziger  Bros.     $1.25  net. 

Saint  Antony's  Almanac  for  1920 .  XXIIIrd 
Year.  96  pp.  8vo.  Illustrated.  Published 
bv  the  Franciscan  Fathers  of  the  Province 
of  the  Holy  Name,  St.  Bonaventure,  N.  Y. 
25  ets. ;  by  mail,  30  cts. 

Eirchenmusih  und  Talk.  Yortrage,  Lesungen 
und  Gedanken  von  Wilhelm  Weitzel,  Dom- 
prabendar  und  Domorganist  in  Freiburg  i. 
Br.  Mit  3  Bildern.  viii  &  219  pp.  8vo. 
Herder  &  Co.     $1.75  net. 

Blessed  Be  God.  A  Complete  Catholic  Prayer 
Book.  By  Rev.  Chas.  J.  Callan,  0.  P.,  and 
Rev.  J.  A.  McHugh,  0.  P.  xxxiv  &  744  pp. 
4x61,2  in.  Illustrated.  P.  J.  Kenedy  & 
Sons.     Imitation  leather,  $2.50. 

The  Catho'ic  Stage.  By  Rev.  M.  Helfen.  48 
pp.  16mo.  Brooten,  Minn.:  Catholic  Dra- 
matic  Co. 

Cath-oJic  Nursery  Shyvies.  A  Life  of  Our 
Blessed  Lord  in  Verse  for  Young  Children. 
By  Sister  Mary  Gertrude,  Sisters  of 
Charity,  Convent,  N.  J.  32  pp.  5^x7  in. 
Illustrated.     Benziger  Bros.     25  cts.  retail. 

Pamela's  Legacy.  A  Sequel  to  "The  Dear- 
rest  Girl. "  By  .  Marion  Ames  Taggart. 
270  pp.  12mo.     Benziger  Bros.     $1.50  net. 

Medieval  Devotions  to  the  Sacred  Heart.  Col- 
lected by  the  Rev.  K.  Richstatter,  S.  J. 
xii  &  289  pp.  16mo.  Benziger  Bros.  $1.50 
net. 

The  Lives  of  the  Popes  in  the  Early  Middle 
Ages.  By  the  Rev.  Horace  K.  Mann.  Sec- 
ond Edition.  Vols.  I  (in  two  parts),  II, 
and  III  (from  St.  Gregory  I  to  Formosus, 
590—891).  Kegan  Paul  and  B.  Herder 
Book  Co.     $4.50  net  per  volume. 


43() 


THE   FOETXIGHTLY  EEVTEW 


Octdl.er  15 


A  SPRINKLE  OF  SPICE 


A  news  item  in  tlie  Cinciii ii'ii i  Times-Star 
of  Oct.  1st  reports  tlie  return  from  Europe 
of  Father  Wm.  P.  O'Connor  of  that  city. 
Fr.  O'Connor  was  in  Eome  as  a  member  of 
the  "Fidae"  delegation  which  had  some  trou- 
)jle  about  obtaining  an  audience  with  the 
Ho]y  Fatlier.  The  difftculty,  he  said,  was  the 
result  of  a  misunderstanding.  The  Times- 
Star  assures  its  readers  that  "Father 
O  'Connor  returns  a  robustious  Celt, "  and 
quotes  him  as  saying:  "Rome  is  impressive 
and  glorious  and  wonderful,  but  I  still  think 
that  there  is  something  of  true  philosophy  in 
the  remark  of  the  traveler  who  said  that  an 
Irishman  returning  from  Rome  could  stop 
a  bit  in  Ireland  and  refresh  his  faith.'' 


A  dusky  son  of  Alabama  was  busily  en- 
gaged in  a  cootie  hunt.  When  asked  what 
he  was  doing,  he  replied:  I'se  a-huntin'  f o ' 
dem  'rithmetie  bugs. ' ' — Why  do  you  call  them 
arithmetic  bugs?" — "Cause  dey  add  to  ma 
misery,  dey  subtracts  from  ma  pleasure,  dey 
divides  ma  attention,  and  dev  multiply  like 
hell. " 


A  critic  who  has  scrutinized  ancient  Celtic 
hagiographical  literature  narrowly,  says  in  the 
Month  (No.  735)  that  "there  is  little  to  bear 
out  the  tradition  ...  of  the  high  standards  of 
religious  virtue  commonly  attributed  to  the 
'age  of  the  saints.'  There  were  often  strange 
feats  of  asceticism,  no  doubt,  and  many  sen- 
sational penances  are  recorded,  but  one  gets 
at  times  some  surprising  glimpses  of  con- 
temporary manners  even  in  those  who  were 
reputed  virtuous.  There  is,  for  example,  a 
certain  Piro  mentioned  in  the  Life  of  St. 
Samson  who  is  descriljed  as  'an  eminent  man 
and  holy  ^^I'iest.'  He  is  even  in  one  place 
called  St.  Piro,  if  Sanctus  Piro  should  be  so 
translated.  Of  his  end  Ave  are  told:  'One  dark 
night  the  same  Piro  took  a  solitary  stroll  into 
the  ground  of  the  monastery,  and  what  is 
more  serious,  so  it  is  said,  owing  to  stupid 
intoxication,  fell  headlong  into  a  deep  pit. 
Uttering  one  piercing  cry  for  hel}),  he  was 
dragged  out  of  the  hole  liy  the  lirothers  in  a 
dying  condition  and  died  in  the  night  from 
his  adventure.'  Perhaps  the  phrase  'so  it  is 
said'  saves  the  situation,  but  as  Mr.  Taylor 
points  out  ["The  Life  of  St.  Samson  of 
Dol,"  S.  P.  ('.  K.,  11)25  I  there  is  a  clause  in 
the  chapter  devoted  to  a  eulogy  of  St. 
Samson's  virtues  which  is  luit  a  little  signif- 
icant. Nunquam  aliquix  rhlit  nini  ehriu))i, 
Ave  are  tohl,  'ncA'er  did  anyone  see  him 
drunk";  and  the  same  friendlv  critic  recalls 
a  monastic  rule  which  we  find  in  the.  Peni- 
tential attrihuted  to  (lildas:  'If  anyone  is  un- 
alde  t(i  sing  ol'licc  on  account  of  drunkenness, 
lieiuL'  iiK-dhennit  of  sjieech.  let  him  bi^  de- 
])i'i\'e<l  of  his  supner';  which  according  ti' 
modern  ideas  would  hardly  seem  an  adcipi.-ite 
penalty. ' ' 


JUST  PUBLISHED 

DARKNESS  OR  LIGHT 

An  Essay  in  The  Theory  of  Divine 
Contemplation 

By 
Henry  Browne,  S.  J., 

M.  A.,  New  Colleg-e,  Oxford;  Emeritus 
Professor  of  Greek  in  the  Xational  Uni- 
vt-rsit\'  of  Ireland:  Author  of  "The  Catho- 
lic Evidence  ISIovemenf';  Editor  of 
"The    City    of    Peace" 

Cloth,  8vo.,  VIII  &   286  pages 

net  $1.75 

This  work  is  not  a  historical  treatise 
on  mystical  prayer ;  nor  is  it  intended 
as  a  guide  to  the  contemplative  life.  It 
is  merely  an  effort  to  apply  certain 
theological  i:)rinciples  to  the  subject  and 
to  throw  into  strong  relief  one  aspect 
of  divine  contemplation.  I  am  aware 
that  the  subject  is  not  one  that  should  be 
lightly  approached,  nor  are  my  ciualiti- 
eations  for  writing  even  an  essay  about  it 
felt  to  be  of  a  high  order.  But  if  the 
greatness  of  the  topic  and  the  promp- 
tings of  modesty  alone  were  taken  into 
account,  how  few  would  be  the  books 
written  about  prayer!  The  fact  that  of 
recent  years  the  press  has  been  teeming 
with  such  books  docs  not  diminish  the 
misgivings  of  a  writer,  for  perhaps  nmre 
will  be  expected  from  him  in  proportion 
to  the  mass  of  current  literature  on  mys- 
ticism, much  of  which  proceeds  from 
authors  of  high  repute. 

It  is  not  then  because  I  hope  to  utter 
a  final  word,  still  less  because  1  have 
any  novel  views  to  propound,  that  1 
have  been  rash  enough  to  enter  the  lists. 
I  have  merely  satisiied  myself  that 
several  of  my  predecessors  have  strayed 
unconsciously  perhaps  frmn  the  old 
beaten  path,  and  1  think  that  by  point- 
ing out  that  patli  1  m;iy  do  a  service 
to  some  who  are  on  its  verge,  by  streng- 
thening their  desire  to  si'ek  God  where 
he  deliglits  to  nniuifest  himself.  If  I 
ha\e  S(imetiu:es  adopted  a  somewli;it 
dogmatic  tone  \vhere  In^silatiou  might  l)e 
expected.  I  ask  the  reader  not  to  ascribe  ^ 
to  me  the  \ice  of  in !  alliliility  but  merely 
a,  con\-iction  that  i1  is  better  to  offer 
downright  statements,  le;n'Jng  to  critics  a 
corresponding  degree  of  freedom  in 
dealing  witli  them.  Thus  A\here  my  book 
fails  to  cut  any  ice,  it  nmy  yet  iierform 
the  useful  office  of  a   whetstone. 

Aiinioi''s  For<'uu)rcl 

B.  Herder  Book  Co. 

17    South    Broadway,         St.    Louis,   Mo. 


19L'5 


THE  FOETNTCtHTLY  EEVIEW 


437 


Altar  Boys' 
Cassocks 
and  Surplices 


SUPERIOR  workmanship  and   fit   combined 
with  best  quality  materials  are  some  of  the 
reasons  why  you  should  specify 

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Our  metal  shank  button  with  toggle  fastener  is 
an  added  feature. 


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Sizes  11,  12,  13   and  14-year 5.25 

Sizes  15  and  16-year 6.00 

Sizes  17  and  18-year 8.00 


Supplied  in  all  church  colors. 


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438 


THE  FOETXIGHTLY  EEYIEW 


Xovember  1 


WHAT  FIVE    HUNDRED   DOLLARS   WILL   DO 

SIX  PER  CKNT  ANIJ  ABSOI.TTTK    SKCURITY 
ON     FIRST     MORTGAOK     Js'OTKS     FROM     8300     UP 

Every  Investor  has  always  received  every  dollar  of  Principal  and  Interest  on  loans  bought  through  our 
company.  All  loans  secured  by  well-located  improved  income-property.  Monthly  Sinking  Fund  provides  for 
gradual  retirement  of  the  debt  and  makes  repayment  of  principal  and  interest  a  certainty. 

DKSCRIPTIVE      nOOKLET      OX      REQUEST 

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CHOUTE.VU,    IIFMP  ANU   VANDEVENTER    AVENLES 

L.  ■\V.  HEMP,  PRESIDKNT  S.  L.  ST.  JEAIV,  .SECRETARY-TREASURER  J.   >V.  ^\•ESTON,  ViCE-PRES. 


(Authentic  likeness) 


GRAYMOOR'S  NOVENA  TO  ST.  ANTHONY  OF  PADUA 

The  best  and  -widest  known  shrine  of  St.  Anthony,  the  Wonder- 
worker of  Padua,  in  all  America  is  a  simple  statue  of  the  Saint  which 
stands  on  the  gospel  side  of  the  High  Altar  in  St.  Francis'  Monastery 
Church  on  the  Mount  of  the  Atonement,  Graymoor,  New  York.  Here 
a  new  Novena  is  begun  by  the  Graymoor  Fathers  every  Tuesday,  and 
thousands  of  petitions  are  constantly  presented  by  them  to  the  inter- 
cession of  the  Universal  Friend  of  all  who  invoke  his  aid. 

THANKSGIVINGS    FOR    FAVORS    RECEIVED 

Mrs.  J.  D.  M.,  Indianapolis,  Ind.:  "Enclosed  please  find  offering 
which  I  promised  to  St.  Anthony  for  Bread  if  two  favors  were  granted, 
one  being  cure  of  dizzy  spells  and  the  other  that  my  heart  would  get 

better,  as  I  have  had  heart  trouble  for  nearly  a  year.     Thanks  to  our  Divine  Lord  and  St. 

Anthony,    my  head   is  better  and   my   heart   is   getting  better." 

Mrs.  T.  S.,  New  York  City:  "Enclosed  find  an  offering  for  a  Mass  for  the  Holy  Souls 
in  honor  of  St.  Anthony.  I  was  very  fearful  about  being  able  to  hold  an.  insurance  policy, 
and  so  promised  St.  Anthony  a  Mass  and  publication  if  he  obtained  the  favor.  He  has 
obtained    it." 

M.  R.  K.,  Cleveland,  Ohio:  "Enclosed  find  five  dollars  for  St.  Anthony's  Bread,  which  I 
promised  if  I  regained  the  use  of  my  arms.  For  the  past  fourteen  months  I  had  been 
sick,  and  not  able  to  help  myself  after  finishing  a  Novena  to  St.  Anthony,  I  regained  the 
use  of  my  arms." 

Mrs.  L,.  H.,  "Washington,  D.  C.  :"At  last  my  son  has  returned  to  his  Church  and 
duties,  has  been  to  Holy  Communion  twice,  and  also  made  the  Novena  of  Grace.  I  give 
thanks  to  the  Friars  for  having  said  two  Novenas  for  him." 

Mrs.  C.  D.,  Wilmington,  Del.:  "Enclosed  find  donation  promised  St.  Anthony's  Bread 
if  my  daughter  would  get  work.  The  day  after  making  the  promise  she  was  sent  for 
to  go  back  where  she  had  worked  before.     She  also  received  an  increase  in  salary." 

THOSE  WISHING  TO  ENTER  PETITIONS  TO  THE  PERPETUAL  NOVENA  TO 
ST.  ANTHONY  AT  GRAYMOOR  MAY  SEND  THEM  TO: 

St.  ANTHONY'S  GRAYMOOR  SHRINE,  FRIARS  OF  THE  ATONEMENT, 
BOX  316,  PEEKSK!LL,  N.  Y. 


Jury  Warrants  Cashed  Bell,  Main  1242 

SEA  FOODS  IN  SEASON 


J.  B.  SCHUMACKER 


418  Market  Street 


ST.  LOUIS,  MO. 


Victor  J.  Klutho 

Architect  and 
Superintendent 

Churches,  Schools,  and  Institutions 

Syndicate  Trust  Building 
Tenth  and  Olive  Streets 
Saint    Louis,  Missouri 

Illinois  Licensed  Engineer 


The  Fortnig^htly  Review 


VOL,  XXXII,  Xo.  21 


ST.  LOUIS,  MISSOUEI 


Xovember  1st,  1925 


CHRONICLE  AND  COMMENT 


A  Recent  French  Criticasni  of 
Evolution 

Evolution,  or  Transformism,  i.  e., 
the  doctrine  that  the  Creator  breathed 
life  into  one  or  two  forms,  and  that, 
in  the  words  of  Darwin,  "from  so 
simple  a  beginning-  endless  forms  most 
beautiful  and  most  wonderful  have 
been  and  are  being  evolved,''  is,  as  the 
F.  11.  has  often  pointed  out,  merely  a 
working  hypothesis  of  great  value  and 
almost  unequalled  in  the  number  of  ob- 
servations on  which  it  is  based,  but 
after  all  a  pure  assumption,  which  one 
single  fact  may  send  to  the  scrap-heap 
any  da:y.  Dr.  Barry  0 'Toole's  recent 
Avork  on  the  subject  is  unconvincing. 
Evolution  can  only  be  disproved  by  in- 
controvertible facts,  and  such  facts  can 
be  brought  to  light,  not  bj"  philosophic 
speculation,  but  only  by  scientific  re- 
search. Dr.  Bertram  C.  A.  A¥indle  in 
the  October  Catholic  World  reviews  a 
work  by  M.  Vialleton,  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Montpellier,  France.  ("Mem- 
bres  et  Ceintures  des  Vertebres 
Tetrapodes"  (Paris:  Gaston  Doin, 
1924),  in  which  the  author,  who  is 
acknowledged  to  be  an  eminent  scien- 
tist contends  that  ' '  the  transformations 
postulated  [by  Evolution]  are  abso- 
lutely impossible  under  the  conditions 
and  with  the  precision  accorded  to 
them.  We  must  recognize  that  we  know 
nothing  about  the  origin  of  life  nor  of 
the  origin  of  living  beings." 

Only  an  expert  can  judge  of  the 
value  of  a  technical  work  of  this  kind, 
and  hence  all  we  can  do  for  the  pres- 
ent is  to  report  that  Dr.  Windle  agrees 
with  M.  Vialleton  that  the  theory  of 
evolution  through  small  variations  is 
''absolutely    inadmissible"    and    that 


while  greater  mutations  may  have  tak- 
en place  at  an  earlier  day,  no  one  can 
prove  that  they  actually  did  take 
place.  One  thing  is  forced  with  in- 
creasing conviction  on  all  biologists 
who  keep  their  eyes  open,  and  that  is, 
that  there  is  a  guiding  force  which  di- 
rects cA'ery  living  thing  to  its  full  per- 
fection. This,  after  all,  is  just  what 
Aristotle  and  St.  Thomas  taught, 
tliougli,  as  Dr.  AYindle  observes,  most 
modern  physicists  are  in  blissful  igno- 
rance of  this  teaching. 

The  Papal  Peace  Offer  of  1917 

Our  readers  will  remember  the  ar- 
ticle "Why  Germany  Refused  the 
Pope's  Peace  Offer"  in  No.  14  of  the 
F.  R.,  in  Avhich  Fr.  Ritter  von  Lama 
was  quoted  as  charging  that  the  then 
Chancellor,  Dr.  Georg  Michaelis,  frus- 
trated the  mediation  offer  of  Pope 
Benedict  XV,  made  in  September  1917, 
at  the  suggestion  of  the  British  gov- 
ernment. Instead  of  taking  the  matter 
up  enthusiastically,  Michaelis  merely 
notified  the  Emperor  and  the  German 
High  Command  that  he  had  received 
"from  a  neutral  quarter  a  message 
which  seemed  to  indicate  that  England 
was  asking  for  peace  on  condition  that 
the  independence  of  Belgium  be  re- 
stored; and  when  he  w-as  authorized 
to  give  the  requested  assurance,  he 
omitted  all  reference  to  Belgium  in  his 
reply.  "Thus,"  we  said,  "the  last 
chance  for  a  negotiated  peace  Avent 
a-glimmering,  the  war  continued,  and 
the  German  people  had  to  drain  the 
bitter  chalice  to  the  dregs,  thanks  to 
the  anti-Catho'ic  bigotry  of  their  prime 
minister,"  w^ho,  being  a  staunch  and 
bellicose  Lutheran,   could  not   consist- 


440 


THE  FOBTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


November  1 


ently  accept  the  mediation  of  the  Pope, 
whom  lie  regarded  as  the  Antichrist. 
At  the  Brandenburg  Provincial  Syn- 
od, on  Sept.  17,  the  ex-Chancellor 
arose  to  defend  himself  against  the 
charge  that  he  had  needlessly  prolonged 
the  war.  The  Germaiiia  (Berlin,  No. 
437),  in  reporting  the  incident,  sa^^s 
that  Dr.  Michaelis  tried  to  counter  the 
charge  brought  against  him,  by  insist- 
ing that  the  blame  lay  with  the  late 
Dr.  Erzberger,  of  the  Centre  Party, 
who  made  any  serious  peace  offer  from 
the  Allied  side  impossible  by  his  in- 
discretion, espeeially  in  publishing  the 
famous  Austrian  memorandum.  "This 
fable,"  says  the  Ger mania,  "has  been 
refuted  more  than  once, — which  fact 
does  not,  however,  prevent  Dr.  Mich- 
aelis from  repeating  it  and  trying  to 
strengthen  it  by  adding  that  Erz- 
berger 'published'  the  memorandum. 
In  vain  does  Dr.  Michaelis  deny  his 
responsibility  for  the  frustration  of 
the  peace  offer  of  1917.  That  respon- 
sibility has  been  proved  and  is  a  his- 
torical fact.  His  own  character  is 
further  illustrated  by  the  remark  of 
the  TiUjUche  Rioidschau  [whose  report 
of  the  Brandenburg  Synod  the  Germa- 
nia  has  been  following]  that  Chancellor 
Michaelis  revealed  these  tactics  in  order 
'to  snow  by  an  example  that  Catholic 
men  who  wield  public  influence  must 
always  be  treated  with  caution.'  It 
was  inevitable  that  the  papal  peace 
action  should  prove  ineffective  in  view 
of  the  prejudices  of  a  public  official 
who  holds  that  Catholic  public  men 
can  never  be  trusted." 

Why  Dr.  Wittig's  Books  Were  Put  on 
the  Index 

We  have  alreadv  reported  (F.  R., 
XXXII,  18,  p.  389)  that  six  books  of 
the  Rev.  Joseph  Wittig,  D.  D.,  a  priest 
and  professor  of  church  history  in  the 
University  of  Breslau,  have  been  put 
on  the  Roman  Index  of  Forbidden 
Books.  The  prohibition  quite  naturally 
has  created  a  great  deal  of  comment 
in  Germany,  though  it  was  not  unex- 
pected by  those  who  had  followed  the 
controversies    to    Avhich    Dr.    Wittig's 


writings  had  given  rise.  These  contro- 
versies began  with  the  serial  publica- 
tion of  his  story  "Die  Erlosten"  (The 
Redeemed)  in  the  well-known  Catholic 
review,  Hochland,  in  1922.  It  seemed 
as  if  Luther's  almost  forgotten  doc- 
trine of  justification  by  faith  alone  had 
been  revived  by  a  Catholic  theologian. 
Many  hailed  AVittig's  articles  as  "put- 
ting an  end  to  the  eternal  fear  of  sin," 
and  pastors  reported  that  men  living 
in  concubinage  refused  to  reform  on 
the  strength  of  Dr.  AVittig's  declara- 
tion that  "one  who  is  redeemed  can- 
not sin."  Theologians  pointed  out  that 
the  Breslau  professor  did  not  mean 
what  his  words  seemed  to  imply,  but 
regretted  that  his  studied  neglect  of 
the  fixed  terminology  of  Catholic  theol- 
ogy gave  rise  to  serious  misunder- 
standings. Dr.  AVittig  himself  wrote 
an  explanatory  ])amphlet,  but  his  ex- 
planation did  not  stem  the  evil  effects 
of  his  book.  It  was  this  fact  no  doubt 
which  led  to  the  condemnation  of  that 
book  and  the  pamphlet  written  in  its 
defence,  for  the  Roman  authorities,  in 
judging  a  book,  do  not  look  to  the  sub- 
jective intentions  of  the  author,  but  to 
the  objective  contents  of  the  book. 
AVhat  made  the  situation  worse  in  this 
case  was  that  Dr.  AVittig,  in  his  more 
recent  books,  "Das  allgemeine  Prie- 
stertum"  and  "Die  Kirche  als  Auswir- 
kung  und  SelbstverAvirklichung  der 
christlichen  Seele,''  advocated  a  con- 
ception of  the  Church  and  of  the  priest- 
hood which  clearl,y  betrayed  a  Modern- 
istic taint. 

The  Religion  of  Tomorrow 

Professor  Kirsopp  Lake,  in  his  re- 
cently published  book,  ' '  The  Religion 
of  A^esterday  and  Tomorrow,"  affirms 
that  modern  science  has  made  it  neces- 
sary to  provide  a  new  form  of  Chris- 
tianity. Modern  Protestantism,  he 
declares,  has  become  Fundamentalist, 
Exi^erimentalist,  or  Institutionalist. 
Professor  Lake  describes  himself  as  an 
Experimentali-st,  and  proclaims  a  re- 
ligion which  abandons  what  has  hither- 
to been  the  faith  of  the  Church.  The 
Bible,    no  longer  held  to  be  the  revela- 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


441 


tion  of  God  to  men,  is  to  be  retained  be- 
cause it  is  "the  best  record  we  possess 
of  the  evolution  of  man  and  the  gTOwth 
of  his  thoughts  about  God  and  himself, 
and  about  the  development  of  morality, 
politics,  and  religion."  The  creeds  are 
not  regarded  as  statements  of  the  truth, 
but,  ''since  they  are  rooted  in  the  litur- 
gical customs  of  the  Church,  and  thus 
form  an  integral  part  of  a  beautiful 
work  of  art,  it  mig^ht  be  wise  to  pre- 
serve them."  The  word  God  stands 
for  "the  Immaterial  Reality,"  or  for 
the  "values,"  truth,  beauty,  wisdom 
combined,  or  for  "Purpose  in  the  Uni- 
verse." Prayer  will  be  retained,  but 
not  petition,  and  the  main  purpose  of 
public  worship  will  be  communion  and 
aspiration.  The  Experimentalist  ranks 
Jesus  Christ  as  one  of  the  great 
prophets  of  history  who  taught  prin- 


ciples of  conduct  that  cannot  be  an- 
nulled ;  but  not  all  that  He  taught  will 
be  followed. 

All  this  and  more  of  similar  texture 
is  to  be  the  religion  of  the  future.  But 
men  in  the  rough  and  tumble  of  life, 
with  their  perplexities,  sorrows,  and 
sins,  need  something  more  than  Dr. 
Lake  offers  them  in  his  picture  of  to- 
morrow's religion.  AVhat  they  know  of 
Christianity  in  their  experience  may 
not  be  much,  but  it  is  too  valuable  to 
be  jettisoned  for  a  pseudo-religion 
which  may  interest  a  man  who  looks 
at  life  from  his  study  windows,  but 
forgets  that  most  of  his  fellows  are 
weak  and  sinful  creatures  and  that 
Christ  and  His  Church  give  them  just 
what  they  need  and  can  find  nowhere 
else. 


The      Catholic      Mind      and      the      Newspaper      Mind 

By  Anthony  J.  Beck,  Editor  of  the  Michigan  Catholic,  Detroit 


In  his  paper  read  before  the  C.  P.  A. 
Convention  in  St.  Louis  and  repro- 
duced in  part  in  the  F.  R.  (Vol. 
XXXII,  No.  13),  Mr.  Benedict  Elder 
stated  that  one  editorial  fault  * '  is  that 
of  considering  our  Catholic  weeklies 
as  newspapers  in  the  modern  sense  of 
the  term."  In  my  reply  (No.  16)  I 
I  agreed  with  Mr.  Elder's  explanation 
that  our  journals  should  not  imitate 
the  dailies  in  posing  as  authorities  on 
a  long  list  of  secular  subjects — finance, 
industry,  medicine,  markets,  etc.  I  ad- 
mitted that  we  cannot  claim  all  the 
courtesies  of  the  newspaper  fraternity 
and  that  we  should  not  use  screaming 
make-up  a  la  yellow  journalism,  though 
we  should  employ  modern  methods  of 
display.  Hence,  it  does  not  seem  to  me 
that  Mr.  Elder's  statement  suffered  by 
being  quoted  without  the  full  text. 

In  my  letter  I  also  showed  that  even 
Catholic  weeklies  may  be  newspapers 
in  a  limited  sense,  because  news  is  a 
report  of  a  current  event  not  chronicled 
before  and  because  our  enterprising 
weeklies  carry  many  accounts  of  Cath- 


olic happenings  ignored  or  treated  in  a 
slipshod  manner  by  the  secular  press. 
Mr.  Elder  in  his  article,  "The  Catholic 
Mind  vs.  the  Newspaper  Mind"  (F.  R., 
No.  18)  admits  that  "there  is  a  place 
for  news  items  in  a  Catholic  weekly." 
But  he  objects  to  a  Catholic  editor  cul- 
tivating the  "modern  newspaper 
mind." 

There  is  no  question  here  of  whether 
our  weeklies  are  newspapers  in  the 
strictest  sense  of  the  term.  We  agree 
that  they  are  not.  But  Mr.  Elder  as- 
serts that  "to  the  extent  that  they  ex- 
press the  newspaper  mind,  they  are  not 
Catholic."  To  that  extent,  he  adds, 
"they  are  not  only  inadequate,  but  un- 
necessary, and  have  no  just  claim  to 
support  as  a  Catholic  enterprise." 

This  bundle  of  sweeping  assertions 
is  based  on  the  unwarranted  assump- 
tion that  there  can  be  no  Catholic 
newspaper  mind.  Isn't  that  tanta- 
mount to  asserting  that  the  man  who 
has  the  artist  mind,  the  mentality  of 
the  sculptor  or  painter,  can  not  have 
the  Catholic  mind  and  promote  Cath- 


442 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


November   1 


olic  truth  and  principles?  News- 
paper technique  is  just  as  indifferent  a 
means  that  niaj'  be  used  to  a  good  end 
as  is  sculpture  or  painting,  chemistry 
or  the  radio. 

"The  modern  newspaper  mind," 
saj^s  the  Louisville  writer,  "is  of  the 
world  worldly."  In  our  American  sec- 
ular press, — yes;  in  the  world  in  gen- 
eral,— no.  The  Catholics  of  Canada, 
Holland,  Belgium,  France,  Germany, 
Italy,  and  Spain  have  many  thoroughly 
Catholic  daily  newspapers  and  scores 
of  semi-weeklies  and  weeklies.  They 
do  not  use  all  the  journalistic  mechan- 
ics of  the  American  metropolitan  non- 
religious  press.  Nevertheless,  they  are 
technically  just  as  modern  as  the  non- 
religious  journals  of  their  own  coun- 
tries. In  our  land  we  have  French, 
Polish,  and  German  Catholic  dailies. 
There  are  also  quite  a  number  of  Eng- 
lish Catholic  editors  who  apply  the 
technique  of  the  modern  newspaper 
mind  as  far  as  possible  to  their  journals 
and  withal  are  making  the  Catholic 
Church  better  known  and  loved  among 
their  readers.  It  should  be  new^s  to 
these  editors  at  home  and  abroad  to  be 
told  that  the  Catholic  mind  and  the 
new^spaper  mind  are  irreconcilable. 

Ah,  but  we  are  told  that  the  "modern 
[secular]  newspaper  is  a  business." 
That  is  no  reason  why  the  Catholic 
paper  can  not  use  first-class  business 
methods  and  newspaper  technique  and 
yet  be  an  apostolate.  There  is  plenty 
of  space  in  such  a  paper  for  the  apolo- 
getical  writer  who  does  not  favor  jour- 
nalistic methods ;  and  the  other  features 
may  be  a  means  of  having  his  writings 
read  by  poorly  instructed  Catholics 
and  others  who  would  never  think  of 
picking  up  a  scholarly  review  or  an 
apologetical  periodical. 

Mr.  Elder  contends  that  a  paper 
edited  from  the  standpoint  of  "the 
modern  newspaper  mind"  "may  inter- 
est its  readers ;  it  will  not  edify  them. ' ' 
Once  they  are  interested,  they  will  read 
more  serious  matter,  too.  Since  when 
is  it  un-Catholic  or  impractical  to  em- 
ploy such  an  indifferent  means  as  hu- 
man curiosity  to  spread  Catholic  truth? 


Did  not  St.  Ignatius  make  it  a  practice 
to  go  in  through  the  other  fellow's 
gate  to  come  out  with  him  through  his 
own  ? 

AVe  are  toid  by  our  Louisville  con- 
temporary that  Catholic  editors  should 
keep  abreast  of  the  times,  "give  space 
to  a  variety  of  features,  and  utilize 
modern  printing  facilities."  But  how 
can  an  editor  without  the  modern  news- 
paper mind  use  modern  newspaper 
technique?  Is  it  not  inconsistent  to 
urge  one  and  oppose  the  other? 

It  may  not  make  much  difference 
whether  or  not  our  weeklies  are .  con- 
sidered newspapers.  But,  in  the  opin- 
ion of  this  wi'iter,  it  would  be  most  un- 
fortunate if  the  idea  should  prevail 
that  a  newspaper  mind  can  not  be  cul- 
tivated in  a  Catholic  spirit.  It  is 
largely  owing  to  this  happy  combina- 
tion that  our  press  has  made  much  pro- 
gress in  the  last  fifteen  vears. 


G.  K.  Chesterton  has  shown  that  in 
spite  of  all  the  loud  talk  about  "non- 
sectarianism,"  irreligious  teachers  do 
not  refrain  from  propagating  anti- 
Christian  teachings  in  the  schools.  For, 
as  he  says  (Illusfrated  London  News, 
Aug.  8,  1925,  p.  246),  "the  professor 
can  preach  any  sectarian  idea,  not  in 
the  name  of  a  sect,  but  in  the  name 
of  a  science.  .  .  .  The  professor  can 
preach  the  advantages  of  polygamy 
and  call  it  a  lesson  in  anthropology  or 
history.  The  professor  can  insinuate 
any  ideas  about  life  because  biology 
is  the  study  of  life.  The  professor 
can  suggest  any  view  of  the  nature 
of  man  because  history  is  the  story 
of  man.  And  the  case  is  complicated 
by  the  fact  that  the  educationists  are 
teaching  more  and  more  subjects,  even 
while  pretending  to  teach  fewer  and 
fewer  creeds."  Those  who  have  eyes 
to  see  have  long  realized  that  many 
"nonsectarian"  teachers  in  our  public 
schools  have  used  their  opportunities 
to  instill  into  the  minds  of  youth  dan- 
gerous teachings  that  are  now  bearing 
their  evil  fruit  in  the  form  of  con- 
tempt for  authority  and  a  cynical  dis- 
regard of  the  holiest  teachings  of  the 
Christian  Church.  ■ 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


M3 


How  Conclusions  are  Reached  in  Comparative  Religion 

Ey  the  Rev.  Albert  Muntsch,  S.  J.,  St.   Louis  University- 


Sir  J.  G.  Frazer's  three  bulky  vol- 
omes,  "FoHv-lore  in  the  Old  Testa- 
ment, ' '  have  for  sub-title,  ' '  Studies  in 
Comparative  Religion,  Legend,  and 
Law."  The  unsuspecting  reader  is  im- 
pressed by  the  enormous  mass  of  data 
collected  and  may  imagine  that  a  struc- 
ture supported  by  such  "evidence" 
must  be  proof  against  all  assault.  More 
careful,  more  unbiased,  and  more 
scientific  research  during  the  last  dec- 
ade has  shown  the  weaknesses  in  the 
elaborate  superstructure  of  both  "The 
Golden  Bough"  and  the  work  just 
cited. 

In  the  first  place,  some  of  the  "au- 
thorities" arrayed  on  almost  every 
])age  of  the  two  works  referred  to,  have 
l^ecome  antiquated  and  less  reliable  in 
the  light  of  later  investigations.  Second- 
ly, and  this  is  more  to  the  point,  the 
customs  and  tribal  practices  and  prim- 
itive superstitions  cited  by  the  author 
with  such  remarkalde  facility  to 
strengthen  his  case,  are  now  admitted 
to  bear  more  than  one  interpretation, 
and  so  turn  out  to  l)e  useless  to  bolster 
up  a  preconceived  opinion  like  that  of 
Frazer. 

Frazer  himself  admits  the  weakness 
of  his  position  by  the  introduction  of 
numerous  qualifying  phrases:  "per- 
haps," "it  may  be  the  case,"  "it  seems 
possible,"  etc.  In  this  way,  of  course, 
many  a  hypothesis  "may"  be  proved; 
but  the  question  is,  does  the  citation  of 
multitudinous  "examples"  from  the 
folk-lore  of  nations  prove  Frazer's  con- 
tention that  all  law,  all  religion,  all 
morality  spring  from  primitive  tribal 
customs  and  superstitious  practices? 
Many  first-rate  authorities  answer  with 
a  decided  negative. 

On  the  contrary,  in  spite  of  the  ap- 
parently overwhelming  testimony  for 
the  support  of  his  thesis,  Frazer  bases 
far-reaching  inferences  upon  an  ex- 
tremely weak  scaffolding.  For  when 
his  instances  and  "analogies"  are  criti- 
i      cally  examined,  it  will  be  seen  that  they 


are  far  from  being  proofs  for  his  the- 
ories. 

AVe  shall  illustrate  this  criticism  by 
taking  up  Chapter  III,  Part  II  of 
"Folk-lore  in  the  Old  Testament." 
This  chapter  is  entitled  "Jacob  and 
the  Kidskins :  or  the  New  Birth, ' '  and 
is  a  study  of  the  Biblical  account  of 
Jacob 's  obtaining  by  fraud  his  father 's 
blessing. 

Section  one  of  this  chapter  is  en- 
titled "The  Diverted  Blessing"  and 
offers  examples  of  Frazer's  abundant 
use  of  hypothetical  and  conjectural 
statements,  which  detract  from  the 
scientific  value  of  the  account.  Thus 
we  read:  "I  conjecture*  that  this  story 
(Genesis  XXVII)  embodies  a  reminis- 
cence of  an  ancient  ceremony  which 
in  later  times,  when  primogeniture  had 
generally  displaced  ultimogeniture,  was 
occasionally  observed  for  the  purpose 
of  substituting  a  younger  for  an  older 
son  as  heir  to  his  father. ' '  Again,  wdth- 
in  twelve  consecutive  lines,  w^e  have 
the  following  three  hypothetical  state- 
ments :  ' '  When  ultimogeniture  had 
been  replaced  by  primogeniture, 
Jacob's  biographer  may*  have  deemed 
it  necessar}"  to  justify  the  traditionary 
succession  of  his  hero  to  the  estate  by 
attributing  to  him  the  observance  of 
a  ceremony  which  in  the  historian's 
da}',  was  occasionall}-  resorted  to."  .  .  . 
"At  a  still  later  time  the  editor  of  the 
biography,  to  whom  the  ceremony  in 
question  was  unfamiliar,  may*  have 
overlooked  its  legal  significance,"  etc. 
Finally,  "it  is  in  this  last  stage  of 
misunderstanding  and  misrepresenta- 
tion that,  on  the:  present  hypothesis* 
the  narratiA'e  in  Genesis  has  come  down 
to  us. ' '  We  are  even  treated  to  a  double 
conjecture  in  the  last  sentence  of  the 
first  section:  "It  seems*  possiMe  that 
in  this  story  there  may*  be  preserved 
the  reminiscence  of  a  legal  ceremony 
wdiereb}'  a  younger  son  was  substituted 
for  his  elder  brother  as  rightful  heir 
to  the  paternal  inheritance." 


444 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


November  1 


But  this  is  only  a  mild  offence  from 
the  standpoint  of  scientific  procedure 
with  Avhat  follows  immediately  in  sec- 
tion two,  "Sacrificial  Skins  in  Ritual." 
Here  Frazer  plays  his  old  trick  of  en- 
tering on  a  voyage  round  the  world  in 
quest  of  his  usual  analogies.  Of  course 
he  finds  them  in  abundance.  He  be- 
gins with  "tribes  in  East  Africa  whose 
customs  resemble  in  some  points  those 
of  the  Semites."  But  let  us  first  offer 
a  preliminary  remark.  Frazer  wants 
to  explain  away  the  Biblical  narrative, 
show  that  it  is  not  original,  and  that 
the  writer  merely  ' '  told  a  story ' '  based 
on  folk-lore  traditions,  long  forgotten 
ceremonials,  or  what  not. 

But  why  go  to  all  this  elaborate  quest 
of  "parallel  material"  to  explain,  or 
explain  away,  a  really  very  simple  nar- 
rative ?  AVhat  more  natural  than  that 
Rebecca,  having  set  her  woman's  heart 
on  Jacob's  obtaining  the  blessing  so 
much  coveted  among  the  ancient 
Israelites,  should  use  precisely  the 
simple  ruse  which  achieved  the  desired 
result .'  If  Esau  Avas  hairy,  and  if 
Isaac  might  become  suspicious  when 
Jacob  drew  near,  why  not  put  "the 
little  skins  of  kids  about  his  hands".-' 
The  matter  is  settled  without  going  in- 
to these  far-fetched  illustrations. 

And  now  as  to  these  illustrations  or 
parallelisms.  The  chief  objection  to 
them  is  that  they  have  absolutely  no, 
or  at  best  only  a  remote,  relationship 
with  the  story  in  hand.  Frazer  begins 
his  excursion,  as  said,  in  Eastern  Afri- 
ca. Here  again  we  have  the  inevitable 
''may  explain."  So  he  is  by  no  means 
sure  of  the  value  of  his  treasures 
brought  from  afar  to  account  for  a 
simple  story.  In  that  part  of  the  world 
"there  is  a  group  of  tribes,  whose  cus- 
toms present  some  curious  points  of 
resemblance  to  those  of  Semitic  peoples, 
and  may  help  to  illustrate  and  explain 
them. ' '  Surely  here  the  wish  is  father 
to  thie  thought. 

The  stories  which  Frazer  l)rings  from 
African  tribes  deal  with  entirely  dif- 
ferent themes  than  the  one  treated  by 
the  writer  of  the  tAventy-seventh  chapter 
of  Genesis.     Kidskins,  as  Frazer  him- 


self states,  are  used  among  these  people 
at  a  ceremou}'  of  adoption,  at  circum- 
cision, at  covenants,  at  sacrifices,  in 
sickness,  at  expirations,  at  transference 
of  government,  etc.  But  in  not  one  of 
the  practices  cited  by  him  is  there  a 
real  resemblance  to  the  narrative  of 
Genesis.  The  fact  that  kidskins  were 
used  for  an  entirely  different  purpose 
b.y  Rebecca  than  they  are  alleged  to 
be  used  in  the  folklore  of  many  tribes, 
weakens  his  comparative  studv  at  the 
outset. 

Let  us  remember  that  Rebecca  sug- 
gested the  use  of  the  kidskins  for  a 
very  practical  purpose, — to  deceive 
Isaac  as  to  the  personality  of  the  one 
who  was  asking  for  the  blessing  of  the 
firstborn.  In  not  one  of  the  examples 
brought  by  Frazer  is  there  question 
of  an  immediate!}'  practical  use  of  the 
skins.  They  are  merely  part  of  the 
paraphernalia  used  in  a  rite  which 
could  as  well  have  been  omitted,  as  far 
as  any  practical  advantage  to  the  par- 
ticipants was  concerned. 

We  offer  at  random  three  of  Frazer  "s 
"parallel  cases."  "Among  the  Akamba 
(an  African  tribe),  when  a  child  is 
born,  a  goat  is  killed  and  skinned,  three 
strips  are  cut  from  the  skin,  and  placed 
on  the  wrists  of  the  child,  the  mother, 
and  the  father  respectively."  AYhat 
analogy  is  there  in  this  practice  to  the 
use  of  skins  in  the  story  of  Genesis? 

"Further,  a  similar  ritual  is  observed 
before  the  Kikuyu  ceremony  of  circum- 
cision. On  the  morning  of  the  day 
which  precedes  the  rite  of  circumcision, 
a  he-goat  is  killed  by  being  strangled : 
it  is  then  skinned,  and  the  skin  having 
been  cut  into  strips,  a  strip  of  the  skin 
is  fastened  around  the  right  wrist  and 
carried  over  the  back  of  the  hand  of 
each  male  candidate,  after  which  the 
second  finger  of  the  candidate's  hand 
is  inserted  through  a  slit  in  the  strip 
of  skin.''  The  analogy  becomes  more 
obscure. 

We  shall  take  a  third  example  in 
which  no  similarity  to  the  story  of  the 
blessing  obtained  by  fraud  can  be  de- 
tected. Frazer  tells  us  that  "among 
the   Wawanga  of  the   Elo-on   District, 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


445 


in  British  East  Africa,  a  part  of  the 
marriage  ceremony  is  this :  A  he-goat 
is  killed,  and  a  long  strip  of  skin  is 
cut  from  its  belly.  The  bridegroom's 
father,  or  some  other  elderly  male  rela- 
tive, then  slits  the  skin  up  lengthwise 
and  passes  is  over  the  bride's  head,  so 
that  it  hangs  down  over  her  chest,  while 
he  says,  'Now  I  have  put  this  skin  over 
your  head ;  if  you  leave  us  for  any  other 
man,  may  this  skin  repudiate  you,  and 
may  you  become  barren.'  "  It  takes 
the  genius  of  a  Frazer  to  detect  a  like- 
ness between  this  rite  and  our  Rebecca 

>;;      stor}'. 

Frazer  himself  realizes  fully  the  ex- 
ceeding tenuity  of  his  multitudinous 
citations  as  proofs  to  link  up  the  Gene- 

i  sis  story  with  tribal  customs  of  other 
Semitic  and  non-Semitic  people,  and 
so  he  volunteers  the  following  remark 
in  his  closing  paragraph:  "In  this 
abridged  form  (the  rite  of  new  birth 
from  an  animal)  the  ceremony  of  the 
new  birth  may  perhaps  be  detected  in 
the  story  of  Jacob  and  the  kidskins." 
His  final  statement  (very  guarded  in 
spite  of  his  elaborate  apparatus),  seems 
to  cast  doubt,  in  the  author's  own 
mind,  on  his  procedure.  For  we  read : 
"But  among  the  Hebrews,  as  among 
the  Akikuyu,  the  quaint  ceremony 
may*  have  dwindled  into  a  simple  cus- 
tom of  killing  a  goat  and  placing  pieces 
of  its  skin  on  the  person  who  was  sup- 
posed to  be  born  again  as  a  goat.  In 
this  degenerate  form,  if  my  conjecture* 
is  well  founded,  the  ancient  rite  has 
been  reported  and  misunderstood  by 
the  Biblical  narrator. 

Ethnologic  arguments  are  the  most 
elusive  of  all  arguments.  Just  now 
there  is  considerable  discussion  among 
anthropologists  as  to  the  diffusion  of 
culture.  Though  the  evolutionary 
theory  has  been  permanently  aban- 
doned, different  interpretations  are 
given  of  cultural  facts  and  of  the  ways 
in  which  culture  contact  takes  place. 
Careful  writers  like  Lowie,  Wissler, 
and  Sapir  (three  of  our  leading  Ameri- 
can anthropologists)  are  very  guarded 
in  their  attempts  at  explaining  certain 


cultural  acquisitions  of  particular 
tribes  or  nations. 

Frazer,  despite  the  criticisms  levelled 
at  his  method,  has  not  learnt  this  lesson 
of  caution  in  his  inductive  processes. 
The  presence  of  a  certain  practice  de- 
scribed in  the  folklore  of  widely  separ- 
ated nations  does  not  throw  light  on, 
much  less  does  it  fully  explain,  the 
meaning  of  a  historical  fact  that  once 
happened  in  a  particular  nation.  It 
is  much  more  sensible,  and  much  more 
scientific,  to  take  the  story  of  Genesis 
at  its  face  value,  look  upon  Rebecca's 
conduct  as  quite  natural  and  fully  un- 
derstandable in  the  light  of  the  circum- 
stances, than  to  lay  out  such  an  enor- 
mous material,  covering  thirty-nine 
pages,  and  arrive  at  the  end  at  a  mere 
"we  may  now  conjecture." 

If  the  wealth  of  data  and  illustra- 
tions from  the  folklore  of  nations  in 
Frazer 's  "Folk-lore  in  the  Old  Testa- 
ment" is  astounding,  the  inferences  he 
draws  from  them  are  still  more  so. 
That  is,  they  will  astound  any  one  who 
looks  to  the  logical  nexus  between 
facts  (or  alleged  facts)  and  the  con- 
clusions deduced  therefrom.  In  the 
three  portly  to.mes  of  the  work  cited 
the  nexus  is  frequently  not  to  be  found. 
We  believe  that  we  have  shown  this 
at  least  for  the  narrative  under  con- 
sideration. The  farther  Frazer  pro- 
ceeds in  his  disquisition  on  the  story  of 
Jacob  and  Esau,  the  more  he  loses  sight 
of  the  original  in  Genesis. 

*Italics  Mine. — A.   M. 


Thirty-nine  years  ago,  steamboats 
were  just  coming  into  action  and  the 
railway  locomotive  was  not  even 
thought  of.  Now  everybody  goes  ev- 
erywhere ;  going  for  the  sake  of  going, 
and  rejoicing  in  the  rapidity  with 
M^hich  they  accomplish  nothing.  On 
va,  niais  on  ne  voyage  pas.  Strenuous 
idleness  drives  us  on  the  wings  of 
steam  in  boats  and  trains,  seeking  the 
art  of  enjoying  life,  which,  after  all, 
is  in  the  regulation  of  the  mind,  and 
not  in  the  whisking  about  of  the  body 
(Horace,  Epist.,  I,  ii,  27-30).— T.  L. 
Peacock,  "  Melincourt, "  1856,  Preface. 


446 


THE  FORTXIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


November  1 


St.  Vincent  Ferrer  and  the  Great 
Schism 

Perhaps  the  most  interesting  aspect 
of  the  life  of  St.  Vincent  Ferrer  are 
his  relations  to  Peter  de  Luna,  who 
as  Benedict  XIII  (anti-pope),  helped 
to  prolong  the  Great  Occidental  Schism 
from  his  election  in  1391:  to  his  death 
in  1424.  St.  Vincent,  who  left  Avignon 
as  papal  delegate  in  1399,  claimed  a 
direct  mandate  from  God  to  preach 
penance  and  the  divine  judgment  to 
the  nations  under  the  "obedience"  of 
Benedict  XIII.  For  well  nigh  thirty 
years  he  preached  and  argued  in  faA^or 
of  the  anti-pope  and  even  \\Tote  a 
theological  treatise  in  defense  of  his 
claims.  But  when  the  Perpignan  ne- 
gotiations finallj^  broke  down,  in  1415, 
the  Saint  suddenly  became  convinced 
that  his  pope  was  only  an  obstinate  old 
man.  He  then  preached  a  terrifying 
sermon,  which  deprived  Benedict  of 
what  little  support  was  still  his,  and 
forced  him  to  flee  to  Peiliseola,  a  Span- 
ish mountain  fortress,  where  he  died 
in  1424. 

Mathieu-Maxime  Gorce,  the  latest 
biographer  of  St.  Vincent  ("Saint 
Vincent  Ferrier ; ' '  Paris  :  Plon-Nourrit, 
1924),  throws  much  light  on  the  part 
played  by  the  Saint  on  the  Avignon 
side  of  the  dispute.  But  it  would  seem 
that  racial  antipathy,  which  was  large- 
ly responsible  for  the  schism,  can  still 
influence  the  judgment  of  modern 
scholars.  While  Dr.  Pastor  has  little 
or  nothing  to  say  on  behalf  of  Peter 
de  Luna  and  his  French  cardinals,  M. 
Gorce  claims  that  Benedict  XIII  was 
"a  very  great  pope"  and  holds  that 
St.  Vincent  was  mainh'  responsible  for 
the  final  solution  of  the  crisis;  the  part 
played  by  the  Emperor  Sigismund  and 
the  theologians  of  the  Council  of  Con- 
stance is  barely  mentioned.  "This," 
as  a  critic  of  Gorce 's  book  in  the  Irish 
quarterly  Studies  (No.  55)  correctly 
observes,  "is  surely  an  exaggeration 
of  a  good  man's  work  for  peace  and 
unity;  and,  when  all  is  said  and  done, 
St.  Vincent's  part  in  the  drama  still 
requires  explanation." 


Did  St.  Vincent  really  believe  that 
he  was  the  Angel  of  Judgment?  M. 
Gorce  is  cautious  in  his  denial;  just  as 
he  is  discreetly  cautious  in  his  discus- 
sion of  the  Saint's  miracles — notably 
the  gift  of  tongues,  and  a  famous  resur- 
rection from  the  dead  said  to  have 
taken  place  at  Salamanca.  Our  judg- 
ment on  all  these  questions  must  ulti- 
mately depend  on  the  trustworthiness 
of  the  numerous  witnesses  who  deposed 
to  the  Saint's  sanctity  and  miracles  at 
the  time  of  his  canonisation. 


Notes  and  Gleanings 


Father  Joseph  Kramp,  S.  J.,  has 
completely  rewritten  his  book,  "Die 
Opferanschauungen  der  romisehen 
Messliturgie "  (Jos.  Kosel  and  Fr.  Pu- 
stet),  in  which  he  endeavors  to  an- 
swer the  question :  ' '  AVhy  and  in  what 
way  is  the  Mass  a  sacrifice,  and  what 
is  the  precise  concept  of  sacrifice 
underlying  its  liturgy?  He  analyzes 
the  Roman  liturgy  of  the  Mass  to  find 
an  answer  to  this  question  and  arrives 
at  the  conclusion  that  the  destruction 
theory  is  false  and  the  consecration 
theory  is  right  because  supported  by 
ecclesiastical  tradition,  is  thoroughly 
consistent  in  itself,  and  compatible  with 
the  fundamental  notion  of  sacrifice 
common  to  all  nations.  The  author's 
analysis  of  the  doctrine  of  St.  Thomas 
concerning  the  Holy  Sacrifice  of  the 
Mass  is  particularly  keen.  The  book 
may  be  recommended  to  all  who  are 
interested  in  the  problems  at  issue. 


"The  Four  Great  Evils  of  the  Dav" 
which  Fr.  F.  J.  Remler,  C.  M.,  dis- 
cusses in  Timelv  Topics  No.  17,  a 
brochure  published  by  the  Central 
Bureau  of  the  Central  Verein,  adapt- 
ing to  present-day  conditions  some 
thoughts  of  the  late  Cardinal  Manning, 
are:  (1)  the  revolt  of  the  human  in- 
tellect from  God,  (2)  the  revolt  of  the 
human  will  from  God,  (3)  the  revolt 
of  society  from  God,  and  (4)  the  spirit 
of  Antichrist,  which  manifests  itself 
especially  in  impatience  of  all  revealed 
religion    and    opposition    and    enmity 


1925 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


447 


towards  the  Church,  the  papacy,  the 
priesthood,  and  the  religious  life.  These 
evils  are  sure  to  bring  about  the  de- 
struction of  the  human  race  unless  en- 
ergetic measures  are  taken  against 
them.  Fr.  Remler  briefly  indicates 
the  necessary  and  effective  remedies. 
His  pamphlet  is  timely  and  impressive, 
and  we  hope  it  will  be  widely  read. 


More  shrines  of  Our  Lady  are  con- 
stantly coming  to  light.  A  recent  num- 
ber of  the  Echo  de  Paris  gives  a  photo- 
graph of  "Our  Lady  of  the  Flames"  at 
Bellevue  (Seine-et-Oise),  which  com- 
memorates a  terrible  railway  disaster 
in  1842,  one  of  the  victims  of  which 
was  Admiral  Dumont  d'Urville,  who, 
after  escaping  from  all  sorts  of  perils 
during  several  voyages  around  the 
world,  was  destined  to  be  killed  in 
France. 


A  delicate  question  is  delicately 
treated  in  "Sex  at  Choice,"  by  Mrs. 
Monteith  Erskine  (London :  Christo- 
pher), to  which  the  author's  husband, 
a  member  of  the  House  of  Commons, 
has  contributed  an  introduction.  It 
will  be  interesting  to  hear  the  verdict 
of  theologians  on  sex  determination. 
Blessed  Albertus  Magnus  appears  to 
have  considered  it  lawful;  indeed  this 
amazing  sage  left  behind  him  a  formula 
which,  according  to  Mrs.  Monteith,  has 
often  been  verified  in  practice. 

The  harbingers  of  the  new  year,  1926, 
are  beginning  to  make  their  appear- 
ance in  the  form  of  almanacs.  The 
first  to  reach  us  were  the  old  and  re- 
nowned "St.  Michael's-Kalender,"  of 
Steyl,  published  by  the  Mother  House 
of  the  Society  of  the  Divine  Word  for 
the  benefit  of  the  foreign  missions,  and 
the  "Manna  Almanac,"  published  by 
the  Society  of  the  Divine  Saviour  at 
St.  Nazianz,  Wis.  The  former  is  in  its 
47th  year  and  needs  no  recommenda- 
tion from  us,  while  the  latter,  as  its 
subtitle  indicates,  appeals  mainly  to  the 
young,  who  will  delight  in  the  fi-ue  lit- 
erary and  artistic  banquet  here  spread 
before  them  and  be  inspired  to  new 
sacrifices  on  behalf  of  the  good  cause 


to  which  the  Almanac  is  devoted.  As 
we  go  to  press,  comes  "Der  AVauderer- 
Kalender,"  of  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  all  in 
all  perhaps  the  best  of  the  American 
almanacs  printed  in  German.  It  has  an 
artistic  new  cover  and  a  silver  jubilee 
survey  by  the  editor,  Mr.  Joseph  Matt, 
from  which  we  see  with  pleasure  that, 
despite  the  gradual  decay  of  the  Ger- 
man language  in  the  U.  S.,  the  "Wan- 
derer-Kalender"  expects  to  celebrate 
its  golden  jubilee.  It  deserves  to  pros- 
per, for  its  literary  standard  is  high 
and  its  illustrative  matter  well  select- 
ed. 


"The  Visible  of  the  Invisible  Em- 
pire," by  Edgar  I.  Fuller,  a  former 
agent  of  the  Ku  Klux  Klan,  edited  by 
Geo.  La  Dura  and  published  by  the 
Maelstrom  Publishing  Co.,  Denver, 
Colo.,  contains  little  about  the  Klan, 
its  history,  character,  and  mode  of  op- 
eration that  was  not  known  before. 
Here  and  there  the  author  adds  a  pic- 
turesque detail,  as  in  his  character 
sketches  of  W.  J.  Simmons  and  E.  Y. 
Clarke.  He  says  that  Simmons  got  some- 
thing like  $300,000  from  the  Klan,  and 
that  the  Ftlloivship  Forum  of  Wash- 
ington is  subsidized  by  the  Klan  at  the 
rate  of  $1,000  a  month.  The  present 
"Imperial  AVizard,"  Hiram  Wesley 
Evans,  is  described  as  a  moron, — - 
which  estimate  is  hard  to  accept  in 
view  of  that  gentleman's  apparent  suc- 
cess in  ruling  the  vast  organization. 
That  so  many  Protestant  preachers 
promote  the  Klan  is  explained  by  as- 
cribing to  the  leaders  the  project  of 
combining  all  existing  Protestant 
denominations  into  one  vast  "Ku  Kliix 
Klan  Church."  The  volume  contains 
a  few  hitherto  unpublished  documents, 
but  they  are  of  no  great  importance. 


M.  Adolphe  Rette,  in  his  book  "Les 
Rubis  du  Chalice"  (Paris:  Albert 
Messine,  intersperses  rubrical  medi- 
tations with  apt  reflections  on  some  of 
the  ills  of  our  day.  Thus  he  tells  of 
' '  a  well-meaning  lady ' '  who  will  hardly 
read  the  Gospel  because  the  Bible  con- 
tinuallv    shocks    the    "genteel"    ideas 


448 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


November  1 


she  has  formed  for  herself  of  Our  Lord. 
This  fact  confirms  the  opinion  ex- 
pressed farther  on,  that  many  souls 
are  sickly  for  want  of  strengtheninpr 
food.  In  closing  his  book,  M.  Eette 
asks  three  questions,  which  might 
serve  the  world  of  to-day  as  points  for 
an  examination  of  conscience.  God. 
he  says,  has  suspended  the  effects  of 
His  justice  shown  in  the  Great  AVar. 
Do  those  Catholics  show  themselves 
duh^  thankful  for  this  favor  who,  to 
satisfy  their  vain  ambitions,  co-operate 
with  the  enemies  of  His  Church?  Do 
they  hope  to  draw  down  upon  tliem.- 
selves  and  their  families  the  divine 
benediction  while  they  prostitute  the 
Sacrament  of  Matrimony  rather  than 
have  children  ?  Finally,  under  the  on- 
rush of  Materialism  which  threatens  to 
submerge  us,  the  presence  of  saints  is 
more  necessary  than  ever  before.  Pius 
X  invited  the  parochial  clergy  to 
choose  St.  John  Baptist  Yianney  for 
their  patron.  Have  you  met  with 
nianv  imitators  of  the  Cure  d'  Ars? 


A  "Bibliographie  Thomiste"  of  140 
pages,  by  Frs.  Mandonnet  and  Destrez, 
0.  P.,  opens  a  collection  of  studies 
labelled  ' '  Bibliotheque  Thomiste, ' ' 
and  edited  by  the  first-mentioned  wri- 
ter, who  is  one  of  the  leading  authori- 
ties on  St.  Thomas.  The  bibliography 
consists  of  2219  numbers  and  is  divided 
into  five  sections:  (1)  History  of  St. 
Thomas;  (2)  His  works;  (3)  His  phil- 
osophical doctrines;  (4)  His  theologi- 
cal teachings  and  (5)  the  relation  of 
the  teachings  of  St.  Thomas  to  those 
of  other  philosophers  and  theologians 
from  antiquity  to  the  present  time. 
Students  of  St.  Thomas  will  find  this 
a  useful  aid.  The  book  is  published 
by  Kain,  Le  Saulchoir,  Belgium. 


There  have  been  not  a  few  Catholic 
apologists  who  have  sought  to  main- 
tain that  the  Roman  Inquisition,  in 
contrast  to  the  Spanish,  never  proceed- 
ed to  extremities,  and  that  none  of 
the  accused  ever  suffered  death.  That 
this  may  truthfully  l)e  said  of  some 
pontificates  is  probable  enough,  but  it 
certainlv  cannot  be  said  of  the  time  of 


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The  Ave  Maria  of  Notre  Dame, 
Ind.,  August  8,  1925,  makes  the 
following  reference  to  The  Echo  : 

"The  Echo  .  ...  is  one  of  the 
most  enterprising  and  carefully 
edited  of  American  Catholic  News- 
papers." 

It  is  rarely  that  Father  Hud- 
son, the  scholarly  editor  of  the  Ave 
Maria,  praises  a  contemporary  so 
unreservedlv. 


We   shall   be   glad   to    send   you    sample 
copies  upon  request 


THE  ECHO 

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1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


449 


Paul  IV.  In  1556,  for  example, 
twelve,  or  more  probably  twenty-four, 
Christianised  Jews  w^ere  charged  with 
relapsing  into  Judaistic  practices  at 
Ancona,  and  were  burned  at  the  stake. 
Our  information,  however,  is  very  im- 
perfect owing  to  the  destruction  of 
the  greater  part  of  the  records  of  the 
Holy  Office  in  the  riots  which  took 
place  after  the  death  of  the  Pope.  "Not 
even  the  number  of  cases  tried,"  says 
Pastor,  "or  even  the  executions  which 
took  place  partly  in  the  Piazza  Navona 
and  partty  in  the  Campo  di  Fiore  and 
the  Piazza  Giudea,  can  be  stated  with 
any  degree  of  accuracy."  (Vol.  XIV, 
J'liigl.  tr.,  p.  260).  Further  we  know 
of  witches  who  were  burned  at  Bolog- 
na by  order  of  Pope  Paul  IV.  (Itid., 
I).  261,  n.). 

Shortlj^  after  Leo  XIII  had  pro- 
vided a  study  room  for  scholars  con- 
sulting the  Vatican  archives,  His 
Holiness  paid  a  visit  to  the  well-lighted 
room  eagerl}'  used  by  visitors  from  all 
parts  of  the  world.  As  the  Pope  en- 
tered, naturally  all  arose  to  pay  him 
respect,  except  the  learned  Dr.  Theo- 
dore Mommsen.  A  German  paper  con- 
gratulated him  on  his  dignified  ( ? ) 
protest.  When  the  paragraph  was 
brought  to  the  notice  of  the  veteran 
scholar,  he  was  extremely  indignant. 
He  pointed  out  that,  being  almost 
blind,  he  had  not  noticed  the  Pope's 
entrance  and  that,  had  he  been  aware 
of  it,  he  would  have  been  ashamed  to 
show  rudeness  to  a  great  sovereign  and 
ingratitude  towards  a  man  who  had 
conferred  so  great  a  benefit  on  the 
learned  world. 


Correspondence 


Theology  for  the  cultured  layman  is 
the  great  need  of  the  day. —  (  Rev.)  Dr. 
J.  P.  Arendzen. 

m  PC  YOU  TEACI 


TheCATEGHISM? 

Write  for  FW^OOfc/^t  ill 

':  ing-  the  new:  Victor  Meth' 

:  ■ ;  Victor  7^ilimatbOT^^ 

324  Victor  Bldd.,  pavehport.lowa 


Dr.    O'Toole's    Blunders 

To   the    Editor:  — 

On  page  182  of  his  book,  "The  Case 
Against  Evolution,"  Dr.  Barry  O 'Toole  pre- 
sents some  figures  which  are  staggering  in- 
deed, but  which  seem  to  be  incorrect.  As- 
suming the  average  velocity  of  a  meteorite  to 
be  20  miles  a  second,  about  38,000  years 
would  be  required  for  a  journey  from  the 
nearest  constellation  to  our  earth,  and  not 
60,000,000  years,  as  fhe  author  postulates. 
Proxima  Centauri,  the  latest  discovered  and 
closest  star  to  us,  is  approximately  24  trillion 
miles  from  the  solar  system.  In  the  same 
ratio  a  meteorite  would  travel  from  the  near- 
est planet  (Venus,  26,000,000  miles)  only  15 
days  before  reaching  the  earth,  and  not  150 
years,  as  the  author  claims.  Another  blunder 
in  figuring  we  discover  on  page  184.  Mars 
is  142  million  miles  from  the  sun,  Jupiter  483 
million,  Xeptune  2792  million,  and  Alpha 
Centauri  25  trillion  miles.  Let  any  high- 
school  student  compare  the  proportions  of 
these  figures  with  the  proportions  given  by  the 
author— 20  days,  80  days,  3  weeks  (21  days), 
9,000  years: — blundering  pure  and  simple. 
J.  C,  0.  F.  M. 


Two   Types   of   Educator 

To  the  Editor:  — 

A  truly  great  and  humble  man  is  the  Jesuit 
Father  B.,  and  it  is  always  a  pleasure  for 
me  to  meet  him  in  a  certain  "Lake"  city. 
He  has  an  encyclopedic  knowledge  of  Latin 
and  history.  For  nearly  thirty  years  he  has 
taught  these  subjects, — for  Avhich  work  his 
pay  has  been  exactly  zero. 

Eecently  I  met  another  kind  of  educator. 
He  is  the  principal  of  a  high  school  in  New 
York  City.  If  he  has'  one  conviction,  it  is 
that  the  taxpayers  somehow  owe  him  at  least 
$8000  per  year  for  life.  We  stood  outside 
of  the  Doctor's  office  as  he  strove  to  impress 
this  uponi  me,  and  upon  a  wall  was  a  fine 
print  entitled,  "Celebrities  of  the  University 
of  Paris. ' '  I  pointed  to  some  of  the  figures 
and  asked  the  Doctor  to  identify  them  for  me. 
He-  was  frank  to  say  that  he  could  not. 
Probably  such  doctors  should  not  be  expected 
to  know  anything  of  the  Schoolmen,  who  made 
Paris  a  great  medieval  university.  Their 
study  of  the  paying  capacity  of  present-day 
tax-payers  gives  them  no  time  for  such  sub- 
jects. 

Father  B.  and  the  Doctor  exemplify  the 
difference  in  spirit  between  Christian  and 
godless  education — the  difference  between 
education  as  a  vocation  and  education  as  a 
profitable  business.  The  rallying  cry  of  the 
godless  schools  is  that  of  the  factory,  i.  e., 
quantity  production  and  profits. 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  Jas.  V.  Shields 


450 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


Xovember  1 


To  tlu 


A  Dangerous   Tendency 

Editor:  — 


The  F.  R.  :u-ted  wisely  in  replying  as  it 
did   (No.  IS),  p.  406)    to  the  article  of  Austin 

0  'Mailer,  M.  D.,  in  the  Ecdesiastical  Bevieiv. 
Let  us  hope  that  the  Ecdesiastical  Review  it- 
self will  publish  an  answer  to  this  physician 
from  the  pen  of  a  theologian. 

It  seems  to  nu'  that  opinions  and  practices 
are  propagated  in  some  Catholic  circles  at  the 
present  time  which  require  correction  on  the 
part  of  the  Church  authorities.  I  refer  par- 
ticularly to  certain  excesses  in  the  cult  of  the 
Sacred  Heart,  of  the  Blessed  Virgin  Mary, 
and  of  certain  modern  saints,  especially  St. 
Rita  and  St.  Teresa  of  Lisieux  ("the  Little 
Flower").  In  advocating  devotion  to  the 
Sacred  Heart,  for  instance,  some  writers  en- 
tirely forget  the  Most  Holy  Trinity,  the  Holy 
Eueiinrist,  and  the  Holy  Ghost,  not  to  speak 
of  the  theandric  Person  of  the  Redeemer. 
Thus  I  read  in  one  Catholic  paper  that  "the 
devotion  to  the  Sacred  Heart  is  the  greatest 
means  of  salvation  for  mankind."  Why  is 
the  Person  of  the  Godman  relegated  to  the 
background?  The  Church  herself  does  not  do 
it  in  her  liturgical  prayers  of  the  Mass  and 
the  Breviary.  Is  it  not  time  for  all  of  us  to 
return  to  the  modus  lociuendi  of  the  Apostles? 

Also  in  regard  to  the  Blessed  Virgin  Mary, 
we  ought  to  return  to  the  laws  which  the 
Church"  follows  in  her  liturgy  and  to  the  prin- 
ciples laid  down  in  her  dogmatic  teaching. 
The  proposition  that  Mary  is  the  mediator 
of  all  o-races  {mediatrix  omnium  gratiarum) 
can  hardly  be  reconciled  with  the  liturgical 
prayers  of  the  Church.  It  has  become  cus- 
tomary of  late  to  make  so  many  assump- 
tions "and  suppositions  that  it  is  difficult  to 
plod  one's  way  through  to   the  truth.     Thus 

1  read  in  the  Indiana  Catholic  of  Oct.  2  page 
6,  col.  5 :  "  The  love  which  Our  Lady  had  for 
God  was  so  great  that  she  suffered  keenly 
through  the  desire  of  union  with  Him;  hence 
[italics  mine]  the  Eternal  Father,  to  con- 
sole her,  sent  her  His  onlv  and  beloved  Son. 
Do  Ave  not  pray  in  the  Creed  at  Mass:  "who 
for  us  men  and  for  our  salvation  came  down 
from  heaven ' '  ?  Evidently  there  is  method  in 
these  utterances.  Witness  the  arbitrary  addi- 
tion of  words  and  phrases  to  ecclesiastical 
prayers:  Salve  Eegina—Rixil,  holy  Queen; 
Advocata  nostra — most  gracious  advocate; 
witness  also  such  arbitrary  translations  as 
these  in  the  Litany  of  Loreto :  Virgo  potens 
— Virgin  most  powerful;  Virgo  fidelis — 
Virgin  most  faitliful,  etc.  Witness,  more- 
over, the  exaggerated  emphasis  placed  on 
devotion  to  the  Blessed  Virgin  in  con- 
tradistinction to  all  other  devotions,  even 
that  to  the  Third  Person  of  the  Blessed 
Trinity.  Witness,  finally,  the  popular 
neglect  of  the  Holy  Eucharist  while  the  altars 
of  the  saints  and  innumerable  "shrines"  are 
decorated  and  frequented  by  the  faithful. 
Subjectivism,  independence  towards  ecclesias- 


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1925 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


451 


MATTERS  LITURGICAL 

The    Collectio    Rerum    Liturgicarum    of 
Rev.  Joseph  Wuest,   C.  SS.  R. 


Translated    and   Revised   by 
Rev.    Thomas    W.    Mullaney,    C.    SS.    R. 


To  the  priest  long  on  the  mission,  to 
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make  a  special  appeal,  furnishing  him 
as  it  does  w^ith  a  ready  answ^er  to  the 
many  questions  that  arise  in  the  min- 
istry, when  he  has  not  the  leisure  or  the 
convenience  to  consult  larger  \vorks  on 
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tical  authoritv,  and  especially  sentimentality, 
co-operate  in  bringing  about  these  abuses. 

This  sentimentality  is  not  confined  to  wo- 
men, but  is  found  almost  as  frequently  in 
men,  as  anyone  can  see  who  will  keep  his 
eyes  open.  A  good  and  normal  Catholic  will 
in  both  his  interior  and  external  religious 
life  stick  to  the  Communio  Sanctorum — that 
dogma  which  he  professes  every  time  he  re- 
cites the  Creed.  But  in  our  day  there  are 
fashionable  saints  who  are  venerated  so  ex- 
clusively and  in  such  an  ostentatious  way  that 
all  the  others  seem  relegated  to  oblivion.  The 
paper  from  which  I  have  quoted  says:  "No 
Catholic  home  should  be  without  religious 
pictures.  A  picture  of  the  Sacred  Heart,  the 
Blessed  Virgin  or  [italics  mine]  the  Little 
Flower  is  a  reminder  of  the  faith  that  is  in 
the  home,  and  it  impresses  visitors  as  well  as 
the  household."  We  will  not  assume  that  the 
Indiana  CatJwlic  wishes  to  place  the  "Little 
Flower"  on  a  level  with  the  Blessed  Virgin 
Mary;  but  are  there  not  many  saints  whose 
pictures  would  be  just  as  effective  "a  re- 
minder of  the  faith"  as  that  of  St.  Teresa  of 
Lisieux?  Do  those  who  so  extravagantly  pro- 
pagate the  cult  of  the  "Little  Flower"  con- 
stitute the  Church,  with  which  it  is  our  duty 
always  to  conform — sentire  cum  Ecclesia? 
Has  it  not  come  to  pass  that  those  who  are  not 
particularly  enthusiastic  over  the  cult  of  St. 
Eita  and  the  "Little  Flower"  are  regarded 
by  manv  as  Catholics  who  are  not  entirely 
orthodox? 

It  is  strange  that  those  of  us  who  are  more 
or  less  indifferent  to  these  fashionable  cults 
should  be  reminded  of  the  operation  of  the 
Holy  Ghost  in  the  Church.  Devotion  to  the 
Third  Person  of  the  Blessed  Trinity  is  pre- 
cisely the  thing  that  is  neglected  by  the  pro- 
moters of  these  modern  saints  and  cults.  It 
seems  a  matter  of  course  to  the  ordinary  old- 
fashioned  Catholic  that  he  should  believe  in 
and  worsliip  the  Holy  Ghost,  to  Avhom,  as 
Sacred  Scripture  so  often  reminds  us,  we  are 
indebted  for  innumerable  graces  and  bless- 
ings. 

These  are  merely  a  few  thoughts  which 
might  be  developed  in  the  light  of  recent  ex- 
periences. I  fear  for  the  future  if  the  ten- 
dency referred  to  is  not  effectively  checked. 

Evansville,  Ind.         (Eev.)  Bede  Maler,  O.S.B. 


Excerpts  From  Letters 

I  gladly  pay  the  additional  amount  of  sub- 
scription. "  Firmetiir  manus  tua,  et  exaltetur 
dextera  tua."  (Ps.  8S).—  (Bev.)  J.  H. 
Bruns,  CarlyJe,  III. 

I  think  your  Eeview  has  pretty  well  the 
correct  view  of  everything. —  (Eev.)  Matthias 
Hoffmann,  Waite  Parle,  Minn. 

Eest  assured  that  the  F.  E.  is  always  a 
very  welcome  visitor  at  my  desk,  at  any  price. 
It  is  a  classic — a  veritable  store-house  of  in- 


452 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


November  1 


tellectual  delicacies.  Sapienti  sat !  I  pray 
for  your  continued  success. — >{Eev.)  Henry  J. 
Ehr,  Hi  evens  Foint,  T]^is. 

Glad  to  pay  the  increased  subscription  price. 
I  have  read  the  F.  R.  ah  initio.  I  was  or- 
dained  in    1893,    and  this   is   Volume  XXXII 

^'ou   are   rioht   in   being   sharp   in  your 

criticisms.  A  consistent  Catholic,  priest  or 
editor,  can  go  only  one  way, — that  of;  the 
truth.  Ad  muUos  annosi — (Sev.)  J.  H. 
Stromberg,  Norwall:,   Wis. 

Verily,  if  real  merit  always  got  its  equiv- 
alent in  cash,  the  F.  R.  should  be  the  last 
publication  to  be  constrained  to  go  almost 
begging  for  support ....  No  one  can  wish 
more  sincerely  that  you  may  find  better  en- 
couragement in  your  noble  work  than  does 
yours  faithfully  "in  Xto,  [Et.  Eev.]  P.  J. 
Hurth,  Bishop  of  Nneva  Segovia,  Vigan,  P.  I. 


BOOK  REVIEWS 


A  Popular  Book  on  Spiritism 

"Spiritism,  Fnets  and  Frauds,"  by  the 
Rev.  Simon  A.  Blackmore,  S.  J.,  is  an  effort 
at  summarizing,  in  popular  form,  all  that  the 
average  reader  should  know  about  this  un- 
wholesome offspring  of  a  decadent  age.  After 
discussing  the  modern  revival  of  the  cult,  the 
author  makes  a  survey  of  its  agents  and 
methods,  its  fihenomena,  its  teachings,  and 
its  claims.  Its  agents  and  methods  he  ex- 
poses; its  phenomena  and  teachings  he  sifts, 
sorts,  and  refutes;  its  claims  he  explodes  and 
demolishes. 

The  525  pages  might  have  been  much  con- 
densed :  there  are  too  many  repetitions  and 
rhetorical  elaborations.  One  may  justly  take 
exception,  too,  to  the  manner  in  which  the 
author  insists  on  casting  opprobrium  on  cer- 
tain expert  modern  investigators,  referring  to 
them  as  "sceptics"  and  intimating  that  their 
refusal  to  accept  phenomena  as  genuine  is 
owing  to  hard-headed  prejudice.  Men  like 
Mr.  Houdini  and  Father  C.  M.  De  Heredia, 
S.  J.,  have  done  more  effective  work  in  the 
fight  against  Spiritism  than  any  number  of 
non-experts  could  ever  hope  to  accomplish. 

Again,  in  concluding  his  remarks  on  "ec- 
toplasm," '  the  reverend  author  wisely  main- 
tains: "Observations  thus  far  available,  are 
too  uncertain,  too  extraordinary,  too  far  re- 
moved from  normal  experience  and  too  much 
disputed,  to  supply  grounds  for  forming  a 
confidently  fixed  judgment. ' '  But  if  this  is 
so,  why  waste  space  (pp.  504  sq.)  by  quoting 
as  an  authority  a  writer  who  asserts  that  the 
matter  is  scientifically  established  ' '  beyond 
all  possibility  of  doubt"? 

For  the  rest,  Father  Blackmore 's  book  will 
prove  helpful  to  many  as  a  storehouse  of 
valuable  data.  It  likewise  offers  an  interest- 
ing and  clear  exposition  of  pertinent  facts  and 


Church   Bazaars,    Festivals,    etc. 

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THE  FORTXIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


453 


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theories  concerning  the  human  soul  and  the 
Church's  stand  in  regard  to  them.  (Benziger 
Bros.) 

Literary  Briefs 

— A  volume  of  German  poems  published  in 
the  U.  S.  has  become  quite  a  rarity.  The 
first  of  the  kind  which  we  have  seen  for  a 
long  time  is  ' '  Erohe  Sange, ' '  by  Jodocus, 
which  is  the  pen  name  of  our  merry  old  friend, 
Brother  Wendelin,  S.  V.  D.,  the  pioneer  of 
his  order  in  this  country.  He  makes  no  extra- 
vagant claims  to  poetic  genius  and  inspira- 
tion, but  explains  in  the  preface  how  he  was 
induced  by  the  editor  of  the  Familienh'att  to 
Avrite  humorous  verses  to  accompany  certain 
cartoons  which  appeared  in  that  magazine. 
He  himself  correctly  describes  his  verses  when 
he  says :  * '  Ohne  Kunst  ist  meine  Weise,  nicht 
berechnet  f  iir  die  Welt ;  Kling '  mein  Lied  in 
trautem  Kreise,  Dem  das  Schlichte  noeh  ge- 
fallt. — Kleine  Bliimchen  will  ich  streuen,  Hie 
und  da,  wie's  grad  sich  schickt;  Mog'  ein 
Freund  sich  d  'ran  erf  reuen,  Der  auf  sie  her- 
niederblickt. ' '  Bro.  Wendelin  is  a  native  of 
the  Eifel,  and  some  of  his  best  verses  are 
devoted  to  the  praise  of  that  historic  region, 
its   traditions  and  customs. 

— ' '  Mediatrix  :  Eine  mariologische  Frage. 
Dogmatisch-kritische  Studie  von  F.  H.  Schiith, 
S.  J., ' '  published  by  the  Marianiseher  Verlag 
of  Innsbruck,  is  dedicated  to  the  memory  of 
' '  the  great  Mariologist,  M.  J.  Scheeben, ' ' 
and  deals  critically  with  Dr.  B.  Bartmann's 
book,  ' '  Christus  ein  Gegner  des  Marienkul- 
tes?"  Bartmann  holds  the  postulate  of  Mary's 
universal  motherhood  to  be  merely  a  creation 
of  medieval  piety,  Avithout  a  solid  dogmatic 
basis.  Fr.  Scliiith  holds  that  such  a  dogmatic 
basis  exists  and  that  the  dogma  of  the  ' '  Theo- 
tokos ' '  probably  involves  the  doctrine  that 
Mary  is  the  "mediatrix  omnium  gratiarum. " 
The  author  makes  a  strong  case  for  his 
thesis,  but  admits  that  the  question  is  by  no 
means  an  easy  one  and  that  the  opponents 
make  a  number  of  objections  and  distinctions 
wliieh  justify  their  attempt  to  defend  Catholic 
devotion  to  the  Bl.  Virgin  even  apart  from 
this  doctrine,  which,  contrary  to  the  asser- 
tion of  a  recent  writer  in  the  Ecclesiastical 
Review,  has  not  yet  been  defined  as  an  ar- 
ticle of  faith.  We  recommend  Fr.  Schiith 's 
book  (which  can  be  purchased  for  $1.75  post- 
paid from  Eev.  J.  Schiith,  Schnellville,  Ind.) 
to  all  who  are  interested  in  this  controversy. 
No  matter  what  side  the  reader  may  espouse, 
he  will  peruse  this  book  with  profit,  for  it  is 
a   model   of   controversial   amenity. 

— Fathers  James  Watcher  and  George 
Ranch  have  translated  into  English  the  Rev. 
F.  X.  Kerer's  character  sketch  of  "The 
Venerable  .  Don  Bosco, "  founder  of  the 
Salesians,  whose  beatification  lately  advanced 
another  step  when  the  S.  Congr.  of  Rites 
voted  on  his  heroic  virtues.  An  appendix 
contains      welcome      information      on      ' '  The 


454: 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


November  1 


Preventive  System  in  Education''  praetioed 
by  tlie  Salesian  Fathers,  who,  we  see  from  a 
notice  on  the  cover,  now  have  lionses  in  New 
York  City,  New  Rochelle,  Port  Chester,  and 
Albany,  N.  Y.,  in  Ramsey,  Paterson,  and 
Elizabeth,  N.  J.,  and  in  San  Francisco,  Oak- 
land, Los  Angeles,  and  Watsonville,  Cal. 
(New  Rochelle,   N.   Y. :    Salesian   Press). 

— In  "A  Kcv  to  the  Doctrine  of  tho 
Eucharist,"  (Benziger  Bros.),  Dom  Anscar 
Vonier,  O.  S.  B.,  Abbot  of  Buckfast,  deals 
first  of  all  with  the  sacramental  idea  in  it- 
self and  th"n,  keeping  that  idea  before  him, 
and  using  St.  Thomas  as  a  guide,  develops 
the  thought  thnt  the  Blessed  Eucharist  is 
pre-eminently  the  Sacrament  that  is  a  Sac- 
rifice and  the  Sacrifice  that  is  a  Sacrament. 
Christ  is  present  under  the  sacramental  species 
as  a  victim  immolated  for  God's  worship,  and 
although  Ave  rightly  w'orship  Him  as  living 
and  reigning  in  glory,  and  develop  extra - 
liturgical  devotions  accordingly.  Mass  and 
Communion  are  necessarily  associated  Avith 
Calvary.  Both  worship  and  personal  sancti- 
fication  are  accomplished  by  the  same  rite,  by 
the  offering  and  consumption  of  the  one  vi^^- 
tim.  It  recjuires  some  training  in  theology  to 
folloAv  the  author's  argument  easilv,  but  in 
those  who  can  appreciate  it  the  Abbot's 
book  is  calculated  to  stimulate  devotion. 

— Of  the  makinq-  of  prayer  books  there  is 
no  end  and,  really,  each  faithful  Catholic 
oufrht  to  have  a  praver  book  of  his  oaati,  com- 
piled to  suit  his  individual  needs  and  taste. 
Sin^'e  that  is  impossible,  Ave  must  select  the 
best  productions  in  the  market  for  recom- 
mpuda+ion.  One  of  the  finest  prayer  books 
that  haA^e  been  published  for  some  time  is 
"Bipssed  Be  God:  A  Complete  Catholic  Pray- 
er Book"  by  Fr.  Chas.  J.  Callan,  O.  P.,  and 
Fr.  .7.  A.  McHuo-h,  O.  P.  It  is  neAV.  modern, 
devout,  complete,  in  conformity  Avith  the 
sacred  litur,g:y,  beautifullv  printed,  and  sub- 
stantialh'  bound, — and  Avhat  more  could  one 
d^mnud"  Tavo  of  its  most  attractiA'e  features 
are  its  clear  and  simple  order  and  the  section 
of  "DoA'out  Reflections.''  draAvu  from  S. 
Scrinture  and  the  Imitation  of  Christ.  (P. 
J.  Kenedy  &  Sons). 

— "A  Link  BetAveen  Flemish  Mystics  and 
Enp-lish  r^lartA'rs. "  by  C.  S.  Durrant,  is  a 
stout  volume  industrioush^  put  together,  con- 
sisting of  tAvo  independent  parts,  connected, 
as  the  title  page  indicates,  by  a  mere  link. 
The  first  part  begins  with  Ruysbroeck  and 
Gerard  Groote,  froes  on  to  the  Augustinian 
couA'ent  of  Windesheim  and  its  dependencies, 
gives  some  account  of  the  Brothers  of  the 
Common  Life  and  of  the  great  reforming  visi- 
tation of  Cardinal  Nicholas  de  Cusa,  treats 
rather  fully  of  Thomas  a  Kempis,  and  ends 
Avith  the  ravaging  of  convents  bA'  fanatical 
Calvinists  and  the  fate  of  the  Martyrs  of 
Goreum.  And  so  the  Avay  is  paved  for  the 
second  part,  Avhicli  is  in  substance  a  history 


LIBELLUS     CANTICORUM 

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from    the 

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(Vatican  Edition) 

Gregorian    Notation    with 
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1925 


THE  FOBTXIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


455 


of  the  English  convent  of  Xazareth  at  Bruges. 
The  "link"  is  the  fact  that  this  was  a  house 
of  Augustinian  canonesses,  derived  from  one 
of  the  Windesheim  congregation.  The  in- 
terest of  the  story  is  mainly  personal,  but 
the  edifying  spirit  of  piety  which  pervades 
the  book  gives  it  more  than  historical  value 
and  makes  it  suited,  for  the  most  part,  for 
spiritual  reading  in  convents.  The  chapter 
on  Thomas  a  Kempis  is  particularly  "welcome 
in  view  of  the  fact  that  there  is  so  little 
English  literature  about  that  man  of  God. 
(Benziger   Bros.) 


New  Books  Received 


Be  Ecclesia.  Tractatus  Historico-Dogmatici 
quos  scripsit  Hermannus  Dieckmann  S.  J. 
Tomus  II;  De  Eeclesiae  Magisterio;  Con- 
spectus Dogmatieus.  xii  &  308  pp.  8vo. 
Herder  &  Co.       $3.25  net. 

Manna  Almanac  for  1926.  96  pp.  12mo.  Illus- 
trated. St.  ISTazianz,  Wis. :  Society  of  the 
Divine  Saviour.     25  cts.  postpaid. 

The  Visible  of  the  Invisible  Empire.  ' '  The 
Maelstrom. ' '  By  Edgar  I.  Fuller,  former 
Executive  Secretary  to  Edward  Young- 
Clarke,  Imperial  Giant,  Imperial  Wizard 
Emeritus,  Knights  of  the  Ku  Klux  Klan. 
Revised  and  Edited  by  Geo.  La  Dura.  182 
pp.  12mo.  Illustrated.  Denver,  Colo.: 
Maelstrom   Publishing   Co.,   Inc.   $1.50. 

Manual  for  the  Children  of  Mary  Immaculate. 
X  &  189  pp.  24mo.  Benziger  Bros.  60  cts. 
net. 

The  Four  Great  Evils  of  the  Day.  Adapted 
from  Cardinal  Manning  by  F.  J.  Eemler, 
C.  M.  24  pp.  16mo.  (Timely  Topics,  No. 
17).  St.  Louis,  Mo.:  Central  Bureau  of  the 
Central  Verein. 

The  Lives  of  the  Popes.  By  the  Eev.  Horace 
K.  Mann.  Second  Edition.  Vol.  IV:  The 
Popes  in  the  Days  of  Feudal  Anarchy  (891- 
999).  XV  &  453  pp.  8vo.  Illustrated.  Kegan 
Paul  and  B.  Herder  Book   Co.     $4.50  net. 

The  Superstitions  of  the  Sceptic.  By  Gilbert 
K.  Chesterton.  With  a  Correspondence  be- 
tween the  Author  and  Mr.  G.  G.  Coulton. 
iv  &  50  pp.  12mo.  B.  Herder  Book  Co. 
50  cts.  net. 

Charity  and  Our  Three  Voics.  Spiritual  Con- 
ferences for  Religious.  By  Owen  A.  Hill, 
S.  J.  viii  &  381  pp.  12mo.  'b.  Herder  Book 
Co.      $2. 

The  Armor  of  Light.  Short  Sermons  on  the 
Epistles  for  Every  Sunday  in  the  Year. 
By  the  Rev.  J.  J.  Burke,  is  &  224  pp. 
12mo.     B.  Herder  Book  Co.     $1.50  net. 

A  Daily  Thought  from  St.  Augustine.  By  a 
Canoness  Regular  of  St.  Monica 's  Priory, 
Hoddesdon.  112  pp.  16mo.  B.  Herder 
Book  Co.  80  cts.  net. 

The  Finger  of  God.  By  Eev.  Robert  W. 
Brown,  M.  A.  ix  &  214  pp.  12mo.  Ben- 
ziger Bros.     $1.75  net. 


All  the  Year  Bound.  A  Child's  Calendar  of 
Patron  Saints  in  Ehvme  bv  Sr.  M.  Emma- 
nuel, O.  S.  B.  Illustrated  by  Sr.  M.  de 
Sales,  Sister  of  Mercy.  70  pp.  714x91/0  in. 
Illustrated.  B.  Herder  Book  Co.  85  cts. 
net. 

Certain  Godly  and  Devout  Prayers.  Made  in 
Latin  by  ...  .  Cuthbert  Dunstall,  Bishop  of 
Durham,  and  Translated  into  English  by 
Thomas  Paynell.  Edited,  with  an  Intro- 
duction, by  Dom  Eoger  Hudleston.  (The 
Orchard  Books,  Extra  Series,  No.  1).  xvi 
>t  51  pp.  32mo.  Benziger  Bros.     $1  net. 

Conversations  on  Christian  Reunion.  By  a 
Parish  Priest.  104  pp.  12mo.  Baltimore. 
Md. :    John  Murphy  Co.     $1.25  postpaid. 

The  Thinlcing  Man.  By  Eev.  Frederick  INIac- 
donnell,  S.  J,  v  &  330  pp.  8vo.  John 
Murphy  &  Co.     $1.75  postpaid. 

Martha  Jane.  A  Western  Boarding  School 
Story.  By  Inez  Specking.  192  pp.  12mo. 
Benziger  Bros.     $1.50  net. 

Sunshine  and  Frecldes.  A  Juvenile  by  Fran- 
cis J.  Finn,  S.  J.  192  pp.  12mo.  Benziger 
Bros.     $1   net. 

Eeligious  and  Ecclesiastical  Vocation.  By 
the  Eev.  A.  Vermeersch,  S.  J.  Translated 
from  the  Latin  by  Joseph  G.  Kempf.  vi  8c 
90  pp.  12mo.  B."  Herder  Book  Co.  90  cts. 
net. 

Catholic  Opinion  on  the  Evolution  Theory. 
By  Ulrich  A.  Hauber,  Ph.  D.  32  pp.  16mo. 
Davenport,  la. :  St.  Ambrose  College.  15 
cts.;  $1.50  per  dozen.     (Pamphlet). 

Along  the  Mission  Trail.  Vol.  I.  In  the 
Philippines.  By  Bruno  Hagspiel,  S.  V.  D. 
vi  &  267  pp.  8vo.  Techny,  111.:  Mission 
Press  S.  V.  D.     $1.25. 

My  Lady  Poverty,  or  A  Saint's  Courtship. 
A  Dramatic  Poem  by  Francis  de  Sales 
Gliebe,  0.  F.  M.  Chicago,  111. :  Franciscan 
Herald  Press.  30  cts.  postpaid.  (Wrap- 
per). 

St.  Bartholomew's  Day,  Aug.  24,  1572.  By 
Eev.  Bertrand  L.  Conway,  C.  S.  P.  32  pp. 
16mo.  The  Paulist  Press.  5  cts.;  $3.50 
per   100;    carriage   extra.      (Pamphlet). 

Boole  of  Litanies.  Containing  Ten  Litanies 
and  Appropriate  Prayers  for  Private  De- 
votion or  Novenas.  32  pp.  16mo.  The 
Paulist  Press.  5  cts.;  $3.50  per  100;  car- 
riage extra.     (Wrapper). 

The  Contemplative  Life.  By  Joseph  McSorley, 
C.  S.  P.  23  pp.  16mo.  The  Paulist  Press. 
5  cts.;  $3.50  per  100;  carriage  extra. 
(Wrapper). 

"Tell  Us  Another.'"  Stories  Told  by  Uncle 
Joe.  By  Winfrid  Herbst,  S.  D.  S.  147  pp. 
12mo.  St.  Nazianz,  Wis. :  Society  of  the 
Divine  Saviour.     $1.10  postpaid. 

The  Life  of  Catherine  McAuey,  Foundress 
and  First  Superior  of  the  Institute  of  Ee- 
ligious Sisters  of  Mercy.  By  Mother  Teresa 
Austin  Carroll,  xv  &  457  pp.  8vo.  St.  Louis, 
Mo.:  The  Vincentian  Press.  $3.50  post- 
paid. 


456 


THE  FOETXIGHTLY  REVIEW 


November  1 


A  SPRINKLE  OF  SPICE 


One  of  Benjamin  Franklin's  letters  affords 
refreshing  reading.  It  was  sent  to  the  Abbe 
^lorellet  in  return  for  a  drinking  song."  After 
quoting  the  assertion  tliat  Noah  invented  wine, 
Franklin  says  that  Ijefore  the  Flood  men  drank 
nothing  liut  Avator,  and  so  l)eeame  Avorse  and 
worse,  till  they  had  to  be  destroyed.  It  Avas 
the  distaste  for  Avatcr  acquired  during  the 
Flood  that  led  Noah  to  invent  Avine  and 
caused  him  to  remain  a  good  man  until  his 
death.  Franklin  illustrated  his  letter  Avitli 
five  draAA'ings  to  x^^'O'^'^  that,  Avhereas  all 
animals  and  birds  Avith  long  legs  have  long 
necks  to  enable  them  to  drink  Avater  from 
rivers  and  streams,  shoAving  that  Providence 
meant  them  to  drink  Avater,  man  has  long  legs 
and  a  short  neck,  shoAving  that  he  AAas  meant 
to  raise  a  Avine-glass  to  his  mouth. 


A  neAV  selection  of  schooll;ioy  "hoAvlers" 
appears  in  the  St.  Joint's  Gazette.  Here  are 
a  f  OAv : 

HenrA'  II  and  Becket  quarrelled  because 
both  Avanted  to  marry  Eunnymede. 

Pharaoh  made  Joseph  a  ruler  and  gave  it 
to  him. 

A  buttress  is  the  Avife  of  a  butler. 

The  principle  of  Archimedes  Avas  the  head- 
master of  a  school  of  that  name. 

A  connoisseur  is  a  man  Avho  stands  out- 
side a  picture  house. 

When  the  King  heard  the  neAvs,  he  Avas  filled 
Avitli  emulsion. 

A  molecule  is  a  girlish  boy. 


Apropos  of  the  death  of  the  novelist,  James 
Lane  Allen,  Brother  Leo  in  Cohtmhia  tells  a 
story  Avhicli  deserves  a  better  fate  than  obli- 
vion. A  very  prim  lady  AA'as  broAvsing  about  a 
bookstore,  vaguely  intent  on  Christmas 
presents.  An  obliging  clerk  offered  assis- 
tance. '  "A  nice,  entertaining  story,  per- 
haps?" he  suggested.  "Here  is  something 
that  is  quite  a  favorite."  The  lady  read  the 
title  of  the  proffered  book  and  pursed  her 
lips  instanter:  "  'A  Kentucky  Cardinal.'  I 
am  sure  that  Avould  not  do.  I  am  not  interest- 
ed in  Eomanist  churchmen."  The  clerk  re- 
pressed a  smile  and  proceeded  to  explain : 
"Well,  the  title  is  a  little  deceptive,  Madam. 
But  this  cardinal  Avas  a  bird." — "Oh.  in- 
deed!" replied  the  lady  Avith  accentuated 
acidity.  "It  is  my  o])inion  that  tlie  story 
of  that  kind  of  a  churchman  Avould  make 
highly  improper  reading." 


Short  Novel. — "If  you  refuse  to  marry  me, 
I  shall  die." — She  refused  to  marry  him,  and 
he  died, — sixty  years  after. 


The  editor  of  a  pap(>r  in  the  Midwest  had 
become  provoked  at  the  slip-shod  English  of 
the  staff  and  in  grand  scorn  posted  this  notice 
on  the  bulletin  l)onrd:  "A  preposition  is  a 
poor  thing  to  end  a  sentence  Avith. ' ' 


JUST  PUBLISHED 

CHARITY 

AND 

OUR  THREE  VOWS 

OR 

SPIRITUAL    CONFERENCES 

FOR  RELIGIOUS 

BY 

OWEN  A.  HILL,  S.  J. 

Cloth,   8vo.,   VIII  and   3  75   pages, 
net    $2.00 

These  Conferences  or  half-hour  talks 
Avere  originally  addresed  to  Sisters  of 
Charity.  Naturaly  enough,  the  theolog- 
ical virtue  constituting  the  \-ery  name  of 
these  good  Sisters,  and  distinguishing 
them  from  other  groups  of  religious  avo- 
emn  in  the  Church  of  God,  claimed  first 
attention,  got  abundant  notice,  and 
coA'ers  the  larger  part  of  the  Avork. 

Charity  is  tAVofold,  love  of  God,  and 
love  of  the  neighbor  for  God's  sweet 
.sake,  and  these  tAvo  departments  of  char- 
ity are  carefully  studied  in  successive 
consideration.  Charity  in  superiors,  char- 
ity in  subjects  and  charity  among  equals 
are  some  of  the  fruitful  topics  discussed. 
St.  Paul  is  the  theologian  of  charity,  as 
St.  John  is  ite  preacher;  and  the  thir- 
teenth chapter  of  his  First  Epistle  to  the 
Corinthians  is  God's  last  Avord  on  the 
subject,  impressing  the  mind  of  the  de- 
vout reader  Avith  that  sense  of  solemnity 
attaching  to  Avord  from  God.  Charity's 
superiority  over  all  the  other  A'irtues,  its 
efficacy  as  a  promoter  of  patience  and 
kindness,  and  as  a  corrective  of  envy, 
pride,  ambition  and  anger,  are  some  of 
its  surpassing  qualities,  urged  in  turn  by 
St.  Paul,  and  discussed  at  some  length  in 
this   Avork. 

Next  to  charity,  in  point  of  importance 
come  the  Three  Voavs,  the  very  substance 
of  the  religious  life,  and  its  croAvning 
glory.  After  a  general  study  of  all  three 
together  in  as  many  Conferences,  prog- 
ress is  made  in  three  separate  Confer- 
ences  to  each   of  the   three   in   particular. 

Though  intended  primarily  for  reli- 
gious, these  Conferences  can  Avell  serA-e 
to  increase  and  encourage  the  piety  and 
ferA'or  of  people  in  the  AA^orld.  One  of 
the  blessed  purposes  of  religious  life  in 
our  Church  is  to  furnish  the  faithful  Avith 
models  of  heroism  in  the  practice  of 
Adrtue;  and  deA^out  souls  in  the  AA^orld  can 
avail  themselves  of  no  more  alluring  in- 
centive to  growth  in  holiness  than  inti- 
mate acquaintance  with  the  strenuous 
efforts  towards  sanctity  made  by  their 
brothers  and  sisters  in  the  monastery,  the 
couA-ent  and   cloister. 


B.  Herder  Book  Co. 

17    South   Broadway,         St.   Louis,   Mo. 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


457 


A  Superior  Catholic  Newspaper 


The  Ave  Maria  of  Notre  Dame, 
Ind.,  August  8,  1925,  makes  the 
f olloAving  reference  to  The  Echo  : 

"The  Echo  .  ...  is  one  of  the 
most  enterprising  and  carefully 
edited  of  American  Catholic  News- 
papers." 

It  is  rarely  that  Father  Hud- 
son, the  scholarly  editor  of  the  Ave 
Maria,  praises  a  contemporary  so 
unreservedly. 


We    shall   be    glad   to   send   you   sample 
copies  upon  request 


THE  ECHO 

564  Dodge  St.         Buffalo.  N.  Y. 


A  True  Biography 

not  only  shows  us  men  with  their 
halo,   but   also   their   delinquencies. 

You  find  this  rule  applies  to  all  true 

biographies,  with  only  one  excep- 
tion, namel}',  that  of  Our  Lord  and 
Saviour. 

The  Prophetical  Biography  of 
Jesus  Christ 

is  a  most  notable  book,  written  by 
that   inspired   penman, 

Rev.   V.  Krull.   C.PP.S. 


For  sale  at  all  Catholic  Book  stores 
at  75  cts.  a  copy  or  direct  from  the 
Publisher, 


JOHN  W.  WINTERICH, 


1865    PROSPECT  AV. 
CLEVELAND,     0. 


The   Western 
Catholic  Union 

A   Permanent  Catholic   Fraternal 
Life  Insurance  Society 

Founded  at  Quincy,   111.,  in    1877 


Catholic  to  the  core. 

Assets  approximately 
$1,100,000. 


48  jears  of  aggressive  and  successful 
operation.  Rates  of  contribution  based 
on  the  American  Experience  Table. 

Free  from  all  secret  ritualistic  work, 
pass  M-ords,  etc.  Combines  Old  Line 
Security   with   Fraternal   Economy. 


Our  branch  societies  are  in  reality 
parish  societies.  Admits  men,  women, 
and   children. 


Three  forms  of  certificates:  20  Pay 
Whole  Life,  Whole  Life  Special,  and 
Term  to  Age  65. 


Juvenile  Section 

Paid-up    and    extended    features    con- 
nected   with    our    certificates. 


Eecognized  by  insurance  authorities 
as  the  last  word  in  economic  life  in- 
surance. 


Supreme  Office 

Western  Catholic  Union  Building 

Quincy,  111. 


458  THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW  November  15 

WHAT  FIVE   HUNDRED   DOLLARS   WILL   DO 

SIX  PKR  CKNT  AND  AKSOHTK    SECUIilTV 
ON     FIRST     MORTGAGE     ISOTES     FROM     SoOO     UP 

Every  Investor  has  always  received  every  dollar  of  Principal  and  Interest  on  loans  bought  through  our 
company.  All  loans  secured  by  well-located  improved  income-property.  Monthly  Sinking  Fund  provides  for 
gradual  retirement  of  the  debt  and  makes  repayment  of  principal  and  interest  a  certainty. 

DUSfKIPTIVK      HOOKLET      ON      UKQLIUST 

CHOUTEAU    TRUST    COMPANY 

CHOUTEAU,  HEMP  AND  VANDEVENTER  AVENUES 

L.    W.   IIKMP,   PRESIDENT  S.   I>.  ST.  JKAN,  SECRETARY-TREASVRER  J.    \V .   >V'KSTON',  VICE-PRES. 


MOST  POPULAR  SHRINE  OF   THE  WONDER-WORKER 
PADUA  IN  THE  WORLD 


OF 


■'St.  AnthDiiy's  Corner"  in  the  Monastery  Church  of  the  Franciscan 
Friars  of  the  Atonement  at  Graymoor  is  undoubtedly  the  most  pop- 
ular center  of  devotion  to  the  Wonder-Worker  of  Padua  in  America, 
reckoned  not  by  the  numbers  of  people  from  nearby  actually  visiting- 
the  Shrine,  for  it  is  located  not  in  the  crowded  city  but  on  top  of  a 
retired  Mountain;  but  measured  by  tlie  petitions  sent  by  mail  to 
the  Friars  to  be  presented  to  St.  Anthony  every  Tuesday  (St.  An- 
thony's Special  Day,)  when  a  fresli  Novena  starts,  and  since  these 
Novenas  constitute  an  endless  chain,  extending  through  the  weeks, 
the  months,  and  the  years,  the  Graymoor  Novena  to  St.  Anthony  is 
palled  a  Perpetual  Novena.  We  give  below  a  few  of  the  many  thanks- 
givings received  for  favors  obtained: 


(Authentic  likeness) 
M.  W.,  Iowa:  "Please  find  money  order  en- 
closed in  thanksgiving  to  St.  Anthony.  I 
made  a  Novena  tlrat  I  would  obtain  an  in- 
crease in  salary,  wliich  I  needed  very  badly. 
Thanks  to  St.  Anthony,  I  received  tlie  in- 
crease prayed  for." 

Mrs.  J.  H. :  "Enclosed  find  Ten  Dollars  for 
Masses  in  lienor  of  St.  Anthony.  An  em- 
ployee had  many  thousand  dollars  wortli 
of  furs  stolen  from  a  delivery  car.  He 
promised  an  offering  for  Masses  if  St.  An- 
thony would  find  them.  He  did  get  them 
back  in  a  short  time  and  lie  asks  me  to 
send   this  offering." 

Mrs.  J.  G.  H.,  Clarksburg,  W.  Va.:  "Thanks 
to  St.  Anthony  and  Our  Lady  of  the  Atone- 
ment we  have  sold  our  property  on  favor- 
able terms.  So  enclosed  find  ten  dollars 
as  an  olTering  for  this  miracle  rendered 
through   his  intercession 


you  that  I  was  begging  a  great  favor  of 
St.  Anthony,  and  if  he  obtained  it  for  me, 
I  would  send  fifty  dollars.  For  eight  years 
I  had  an  awful  sore  on  my  face,  whicli  was 
getting  worse  every  day,  and  I  dreaded  an 
operation.  The  Friars  remembered  me  in  two 
and  the  Sisters  in  three  Novenas  and  I  was 
cured  without  an  operation.  Enclosed  find 
thirty  dollars,  and  I  will  send  thirty  more 
later." 

Mrs.  C.  H.,  New  York:  "A  few  days  ago 
I  was  unfortunate  enough  to  lose  a  very 
valuable  diamond  out  of  my  ring.  I  at 
once  had  recourse  to  St.  Anthony,  and  then 
started  a  search  everywhere,  "but  to  no 
avail.  I  knew  St.  Anthony  would  not  for- 
sake me  this  time,  and  sure  enough  a  few 
days  later  I  found  the  diamond  in  a  most 
unexpected  manner.  The  enclosed  clieck 
is  in  grateful  appreciation  for  this  wonder- 
ful  favor." 


M.  S.,  N.  H. :  "About  two  years  ago  I  told 

The  Clients  who  have  recourse  to  the  Saint  of  Padua  through  this  Novena  dwell  in 
every  part  of  the  United  States  and  Canada,  and  they  are  legion,  thousands  upon  thou- 
sands. Hundreds  upon  hundreds  of  testimonials  are  received^  from  them  every  month 
concerning  the  favors  they  have  obtained  through  the  powerful  intercession  of  St. 
Anthony.  Those  desiring  to  have  their  Petitions  entered  in  the  Novena  to  St.  Anthony 
beginning  next  Tuesday  should  address   the  same  at   once   to: 

St.  ANTHONY'S  GRAYMOOR  SHRINE,  FRIARS  OF  THE  ATONEMENT, 
BOX  316,  PEEKSK!LL,  N.  Y. 


Jury  Warrants  Cashed  Bell,  Main  1242 

SEA  FOODS  IN  SEASON 


J.  B.  SCHUMACKER 


418  Market  Street 


ST.  LOUIS,  MO. 


Victor  J.  Kiutho 

Architect  and 
Superintendent 

Churches,  Schools,  and  Institutions 

Syndicate  Trust  Building 
Tenth  and  Olive  Streets 
Saint    Louis,  Missouri 

Illinois  Licensed  Engineer 


The  Fortnigfhtly  Review 


VOL.  XXXII,  Xo.  22 


ST.  LOUIS.  MISSOUEI 


Xovember   15th,   1925 


CHRONICLE  AND  COMMENT 


A  Life  of  Ozanam 

"Ozaiiam  in  his  Correspondence,"  by 
the  Rt.  Rev.  Msgr.  Baunard,  translated 
from  the  French  by  a  Member  of  the 
Council  of  Ireland  of  the  Society  of 
St.  Vincent  de  Paul  (Dublin:  Cath- 
olic Truth  Society),  is  in  reality  a  full 
biography  of  Frederick  Ozanam,  the 
founder  of  the  Society  of  St.  Vincent 
de  Paul.  At  the  age  of  seventeen, 
Ozanam  drew  up  his  plan ;  at  eighteen 
he  opened  the  attack  against  Saint 
Simonism ;  at  twenty  he  was  proclaim- 
ing truths  of  Catholicism  in  the  Sor- 
bonne  and  confounding  the  irreligious 
professors ;  at  twenty-one  he  was  asking 
the  Archbishop  of  Paris  to  permit  mod- 
ern instruction  by  Lacordaire  in  Notre 
Dame ;  at  thirty  he  held  the  lamp  of 
truth  aloft  from  a  professor's  chair  in 
the  Sorbonne.  At  twenty,  with  a  few 
other  students,  he  inaugurated  the  first 
Conference  of  the  Society  of  St.  Vin- 
cent de  Paul.  ' '  Let  us  go  to  the  poor, ' ' 
was  his  message  and  his  motto.  From 
Paris  he  extended  the  benefit  to  France, 
and  later  to  both  hemispheres.  "I 
wish,"  he  said,  "to  enfold  the  whole 
w^orld  with  a  network  of  charity." 
Before  he  died,  at  forty,  he  could  count 
two  thousand  such  centres  of  charity. 
To-day  there  are  close  on  eight  thou- 
sand. 

Monsignor  Baunard  has  given  us 
not  only  the  history  of  Ozanam 's  acts, 
but  the  history  of  his  soul,  as  shown  in 
his  books,  and  above  all  in  his  corres- 
pondence. The  period  of  his  short  life 
was  an  eventful  one.  It  was  fruitful 
in  great  Catholics.  It  was  the  time 
of  Montalembert,  Lacordaire,  Ampere, 
Veuillot,  and  of  poor  Lamennais,  who 
fell  by  the  way,  a  victim  to  his  intel- 


lectual pride.  Yet  amongst  them  all 
Ozanam  alone  sowed  seed  which  has 
fructified  in  a  widening  circle  of 
Christian  charity. 

Deliberate  Lying  During  the  World 
War 

Francesco  Nitti's  latest  contribu- 
tion to  the  history  of  the  Great  War 
and  its  after-effects  has  been  translated 
by  F.  Brittain  under  the  title,  "They 
Make  a.  Desert"  (Dent).  Signor  Nitti, 
as  head  of  the  Italian  government,  in 
1919,  signed  the  Treaty  of  Versailles, 
which  he  has  since  denounced  as 
"equally  ruinous  for  both  victors  and 
vanquished"  because  "based  on  vio- 
lence, bad  faith,  and  the  spirit  of  plun- 
der. ' '  He  has  worked  and  is  still  work- 
ing indefatigabl}'  to  avert  the  evils 
which,  in  his  opinion,  are  inevitable  if 
the  treaty  is  carried  out.  The  present 
book  is  the  third  which  he  has  devoted 
to  the  subject.  "It  is  only  fair  to  em- 
phasize that  Signor  Nitti  was  in  no  way 
responsible  for  the  treaty,  which  was 
a  legacy  from  his  predecessors  in  of- 
fice. To  find  an  instance  of  the  same 
gentleman  negotiating,  signing,  and 
then  repudiating  a  treaty,  w^e  must  tra- 
vel farther  west,"  says.  Studies  (No. 
55). 

The  feature  of  Signor  Nitti's  new 
book  which  is  of  special  interest  to  us 
just  now,  is  his  cynical  admission  of  the 
deliberate  manufacture  of  lies  by  the 
Allied  propaganda  during  the  war. 
"We  had  to  win,"  he  says,  "to  win  at 
all  costs.  Just  as  poison  gas  was  em- 
ployed, so  propaganda  was  emploj^ed — 
not  that  any  serious-minded  educated 
man  believed  all  the  stories  that  were 
disseminated  about  the  Germans,  but  it 


460 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


November  15 


was  useful  to  disseuiiuate  tin  in.  For 
an  eneni}'  to  be  beaten  he  must  before 
.all  else  be  hated ;  and  for  him  tol  be 
hated,  every  kind  of  crime  must  be 
ascribed  to  him  ....  During  the  war  we 
fostered  every  kind  of  legend '  that 
would  tell  against  the  Germans,  as  part 
of  our  propaganda. ' ' 

The  lies  and  calumnies  attained  their 
object ;  without  them  America  w^ould 
never  have  gone  in,  and  the  Allies 
would  have  lost  the  war.  Even  to-day 
there  are  thousands  in  this  country, 
and  probably  also  in  Europe,  who  be- 
lieve the  stories  of  German  atrocities 
that  were  deliberately  invented,  and 
among  those  who  no  longer  believe 
them,  the  majority  is  not  yet  aware  of 
the  fact  that  these  lies  vere  manufac- 
tured just  as  delil^erately  as  guns  and 
ammunition.  For  this  reason  alone,  if 
for  none  other,  admissions  such  as  that 
made  by  Signor  Nitti  should  be  cir- 
culated as  wddely  as  possible,  so  that, 
when  the  next  war  comes — as  come  it 
surely  will — the  people  will  be  a  little 
less  credulous  and  more  enquiring,  for 
in  the  last  analysis  it  is  they  that  are 
hurt    by    this   brazen    mendaeiousness. 

A  Problem  in  Connection  with  Holy 
Orders 

A  reviewer  of  J.  Tixeront's  book, 
"L'Ordre  et  les  Ordinations"  (Paris: 
Gabalda)  in  the  Irish  quarterly  Stu- 
dies (No.  55)  confesses  to  a  certain  dis- 
appointment (which  other  students, 
too,  must  have  felt)  at  the  omission  of 
all  i-eference  to  the  two  bulls  of  Boni- 
face IX  recently  discovered  by  D. 
Frederico  Fofi.  The  first  of  these  bulls, 
as  our  readers  are  aware,  was  issued  in 
1400  and  gave  to  the  abbot  of  St.  Osith 
in  Chieh,  Essex,  who  was  not  a  bishop, 
the  privilege  of  conferring  on  his  own 
subjects  not  merely  the  diaconate,  but 
also  the  priesthood.  The  second,  dated 
Feb.  6,  1403,  revoked  this  privilege  at 
the  instance  of  the  bishop  of  London, 
who  claimed  that  his  predecessors  had 
founded  the  monastery  of  St.  Osith  and 
enjoyed  the  right  of  patronage.  Both 
bulls  seem  indisputably  authentic,  and 


neither  shows  an.y  trace  of  dogmatic- 
difficulty  in  regard  to  the  concession. 
"Hence,"  says|  the  writer  in  Studies, 
' '  we  have  now  a  very  powerful  confirm- 
ation of  the  thesis  of  Vasquez  and 
others  with  regard  to  the  diaconate, 
not  to  speak  of  the  still  more  daring 
thesis  of  Morinus  with  regard  to  the 
priesthood.  It  is  too  soon  to  decide 
what  readjustments  of  received  opin- 
ions these  documents  may  lead  to.  Per- 
haps to  none  at  all.  But  they  certainly 
call  for  careful  consideration,  and  will 
not  be  met  by  the  replies  offered  to 
Morinrs'  arguments  from  the  cJior- 
episcopi.  New  solutions,  if  not  a  new 
thesis,  are  needed. ' ' 

It  is  indeed  disappointing  that  the 
venerable  Abbe  Tixeront  has  ignored 
the  difficulty  raised  by  these  bulls.  His 
excuse  is  (preface)  that  he  had  not  the 
strength  to  go  into  the  sources  deeply 
enough  to  be  able  to  offer  any  real  help 
in  clearing  up  the  difficulty.  (He  has 
since  died). 

The  Progress  of  Infidelity 

Messrs.  Stanley  Paul  and  Co.,  Lon- 
don, have  issued  a  new  edition  of  the 
late  Guy  Thome's  "When  it  was 
Dark. ' '  Most  people  know  something  of 
this  famous  story,  which  was  printed  as 
a  serial  in  a  number  of  American  dai- 
lies shortly  after  its  first  appearance  in 
England.  A  Jewish  financier  bribes  an 
areheologist  to  fake  what  appears  to  be 
a  conclusive  proof  that  Christ  did  not 
rise  from  the  dead.  A  tablet  is  hidden 
in  a  tomb  at  Jerusalem,  and  its  dis- 
covery throws  the  civilised  world  into  a 
terrible  chaos,  from  which  it  is  rescued 
by  a  heroic  clergyman,  who  unmasks 
the  plot.  General  indifference  to  re- 
ligion and  the  unblushing  denial  of  the 
Resurrection  b}^  Anglican  dignitaries 
have  made  most  people  a  little  too 
sophisticated  for  this  story  noAv.  But 
that  very  fact  makes  the  book  worth 
reading,  for,  in  its  day,  the  effects  of 
disproving  the  Resurrection  which  it 
describes,  did  not  seem  far-fetched  or 
unreasonable.  To-day  they  carry  no 
conviction.     That  is  the  traged}^     The 


1925 


THE  FOETXIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


461 


darkness  of  unbelief  is  settling  down 
as  calmly  as  a  summer's  night— and 
nobody  cares.  The  fathers  blasphemed 
at  the  street  corners  and  were  sensa- 
tional ;  the  sons  blaspheme  from  the 
pulpit  and  they  are  merely  dull,  as  a 
writer  in  the  Universe  puts  it. 

A  Jubilee  Pilgrimage  in  1575 

In  this  year  of  jubilee  it  is  interest- 
ing to  have  the  record  of  an  earlier 
pilgrim,  who  visited  Rome  during  the 
jubilee  year,  1575.  The  Rev.  Jacob 
Rabus,  whose  "Rom,  eine  Miinchner 
Pilgerfahrt  im  Jubeljahr  1575,"  has 
just  been  published  by  Dr.  K.  Schotten- 
loher  (Verlag  Miinchner  Drueke),  is 
not  unknown  to  fame.  Dr.  Pastor  has 
used  his  travel-diary  to  illustrate  the 
times  of  Gregory  XIII.  Rabus  was 
the  author  also  of  a  number  of  religious 
works.  He  came  of  the  Reformed  re- 
ligion, but  cut  himself  adrift  from  his 
family  by  entering  the  Catholic  Church 
at  the  age  of  tAventy.  He  studied  in  the 
German  College  at  Rome,  and  later 
settled  in  Cologne,  Mainz,  and  Munich, 
where    he    found    a    patron    in    Duke 


Albert  of  Bavaria.  In  January,  1575, 
with  a  company  of  other  pilgrims,  he 
set  off  for  Rome  once  more,  mounted 
on  a  mule,  the  gift  of  one  of  the  ducal 
officials.  The  winter  was  severe,  but 
the  journey  was  safely  accomplished; 
and  on  February  18th,  the  company, 
singing  a  hymn  of  praise,  rode  into  the 
Holy  City.  Rabus 's  record  was  intend- 
ed for  the  use  o£  other  pilgrims,  but 
worldly  matters  are  not  entirely  ex- 
cluded. He  had  an  eye  for  the  ruins 
and  monuments,  and  took  pains  to  in- 
form himself  correctly  on  historical 
matters.  The  strangers,  too,  interested 
him  greatly,  particularly  a  company  of 
Indians  who  celebrated  their  un- 
familiar rites  behind  St.  Peter's. 

The  journey  out  and  home  is  de- 
scribed with  considerable  vivacity.  We 
leave  the  pilgrim  safe  at  last  in  his 
monastery,  and  it  is  pleasant  to  note 
that  the  faithful  mule  is  not  forgotten. 
The  beast  found  a  corner  in  the  ducal 
stables,  and  the  letter  in  which  the  re- 
quest is  made  gives  one  a  pleasant  in- 
sight into  the  character  of  the  pious 
and  kind-hearted  priest. 


PREJUDICES    AND    POLITICS 

President  Coolidge  and  Fundamentals 

By  P.  H.  Callahan  of  Louisville 


President  Coolidge 's  Omaha  address 
seems  to  have  elicited  a  note  of  approv- 
al from  both  the  secular  and  the  Cath- 
olic press,  not  at  all  owing  to  the 
subtle  influence  of  the  so-called  ' '  Cool- 
idge Mvth," — which  so  often  in  the 
past  has  been  responsible  for  high- 
sung  praise  of  Coolidge  utterances  that 
had  no  distinctive  merit, — but  rath- 
er because  of  the  fundamental  princi- 
ples which  he  took  occasion  at  Omaha 
to  restate,  principles  which  all  Amer- 
ica recognizes  as  sound  and  of  pecu- 
liar application  in  this  country. 

What  the  President  said  at  Omaha 
is  not  new  or  strange.  He  expressed 
those  sentiments  only  which  every 
thoughful  and  sincere  citizen  who  has 


regard  for  the  fundamentals  of  Amer- 
ican life  and  government  must  hold. 
He  but  restated  in  timely  fashion  the 
guiding  principles  which  under  all 
normal  circumstances  rule  the  Ameri- 
can mind.  This  much  is  obvious  from 
what  he  said : 

"I  recognize  the  full  and  complete 
necessity  of  one  hundred  per  cent 
Americanism,  but  one  hundred  per 
cent  Americanism  may  be  made  up 
of  many  various  elements.  If  we  are 
to  have  the  harmony  and  tranquil- 
lity of  that  union  of  spirit  which  is 
the  foundation  of  real  national  genius 
and  national  progress,  we  must  all 
realize  that  there  are  true  Ameri- 
cans who  did  not  happen  to  be  born 


462 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


Xovember  15 


ill  our  section  of  the  country,  who 
do  not  attend  our  place  of  religious 
worship,  who  are  not  of  our  racial 
stock,  w^ho  are  not  proficient  in  our 
language.  If  we  are  to  create  on 
this  continent  a  free  republic  and 
an  enlightened  civilization  that  will 
be  capable  of  reflecting  the  true 
greatness  and  glory  of  mankind,  it 
will  be  necessary  to  regard  these  dif- 
ferences as  accidental  and  non-es- 
sential. We  shall  have  to  look  be- 
yond the  outward  manifestation  of 
race  and  creed.  Divine  Providence 
has  not  bestowed  upon  any  race  a 
monopoly  of  patriotism  and  char- 
acter. ' ' 

In  the  present  state  of  the  public 
mind,  it  seems  that  those  principles 
are  regarded  as  self-evident  and, 
hence,  their  restatement  strikes  a  note 
of  universal  accord.  Under  other  cir- 
cumstances, the  same  statement  would 
be  considered  by  some  as  too  strong, 
by  others  as  not  strong  enough.  Nat- 
urally, those  who  have  been  drawn 
into  a  movement  wholly  at  variance 
with  American  fundamentals  may, 
even  now,  consider  that  the  President 
said  too  much  in  his  Omaha  speech. 
The  singular  thing  is  that  those  who 
under  ordinary  circumstances  would 
consider  his  statement  adequate, 
should  ever  have  been  so  carried  away 
by  the  excitement  of  a  political  cam- 
paign as  to  become  positively  intoler- 
ant of  everyone  who  is  willing  to  stand 
on  the  principles  which  the  President 
reiterated,  and  say  no  more. 

In  a  Washington  letter  sent  out  by 
the  N.  C.  W.  C.  News  Service  follow- 
ing the  President's  Omaha  speech,  this 
comment  appeared : 

"Considered  solely  from  the' 
viewpoint  of  political  strategy,  Pres- 
ident Coolidge's  address  at  Omaha 
deprecating  religious  and  racial  in- 
tolerance in  the  United  States  has 
been  interpreted  by  the  political 
strategists  in  Washington  as  an  ex- 
tremely effective  move  towards  elim- 
inating organizations  founded  upon 
such  ideas  from  the  next  political 
campaign.     The  President,  it  is  con- 


ceded, by  his  statement  of  funda- 
mental American  principles  has  gone 
far  toward  clearing  the  air  of  the 
religious  and  racial  issues  which  pre- 
vailed to  some  extent  during  the 
last  campaign." 

The  President  did  not  name  any  or- 
ganization in  his  Omaha  address;  he 
merely  restated  "fundamental  Ameri- 
can principles. ' '  The  question  is  :  if 
the  mere  restatement  of  fundamental 
principles  can  now  clear  the  air  of  re- 
ligious and  racial  issues  which  ap- 
peared in  the  last  campaign,  why 
would  not  the  restatement  of  those 
principles  during  the  campaign  have 
cleared  the  air  at  that  time? 

It  is  of  course  apparent  why  those 
who  were  responsible  for  injecting 
those  issues  into  the  campaign,  or  who 
hoped  to  wdn  advantage  by  agitating 
them,  would  not  have  been  satisfied 
by  the  restatement  at  that  time  of 
fundamental  American  principles,  but 
it  is  not  clear  why  those  who  sincerely 
wished  racial  and  religious  issues  to 
be  kept  out  of  the  campaign,  or  ig- 
nored, should  not  have  been  satisfied 
with  such  a  restatement,  at  that  time 
as  well  as  now. 

It  cannot,  of  course,  be  expected 
that  everyone  will  have  the  same  mind 
in  times  of  excited  movement  as  in 
normal  times,  but  on  the  other  hand, 
if  all  should  get  excited  at  once,  it 
would  be  disastrous.  And  it  certainly 
does  seem  that  Catholics  especially 
should  be  able  to  count  on  those  whom 
they  regard  as  leaders  and  spokes- 
men— their  writers,  editors,  and  pub- 
lic men — without  fear  of  their  being 
swept  off  their  feet. 

The  hierarchy  never  fails  in  that  re- 
spect. They  never  get  agitated  and 
upset,  or  lose  their  discerning  eye  for 
true  and  relative  values,  on  account 
of  a  political  campaign,  whatever  may 
be  the  talk  and  clamor  of  politicians. 
The  priests  in  their  pulpits  never  fail. 
They  do  not  get  excited  and  disturbed, 
or  ih  nder  around  about  bigots  and 
"enemies  of  the  faith"  and  "the  duty 
of  every  Catholic  who  has  red  blood 
in  his  veins,"  on  account  of  some  spu- 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


463 


rious  issue  which  politicians^  Catholic 
or  anti-Catholic,  have  injected  into  a 
political  campaign. 

But  the  leaders  of  the  Third  Estate, 
so  to  speak,  or  at  least  some  of  them, 
seem  to  have  a  different  mind  entirely, 
as  if  it  were  their  particular  business 
to  rally  Catholics  to  the  opposition  or 
support  of  every  specious  claim  made 
by  the  circulating  managers  of  a  polit- 
ical campaign.  If  some  obscure  in- 
dividual, never  before  heard  of,  makes 
an  assertion  touching  Catholics  even 
remotely,  they  must  dignify  it  with 
importance.  If  some  ill-favored  or- 
ganization suddenly  springs  up,  which 
no  public  spirited  person  in  the  whole 
countrj'  endorses,  and  suggests  a  re- 
ligious issue,  they  must  take  it  up  and 
exploit  it  to  the  fullest  extent  possible. 
A  few  months  later  they  are  found 
trying  to  get  rid  of  the  thing. 

It  almost  seems  as  if,  notwithstand- 
ing the  wise  example  of  the  hierarchy 
constantly'  before  us,  we  shall  never 
learn  this  lesson.  But  it  is  singular, 
and  a  bit  disheartening,  that  those  who 
are  educated  in  the  conservative  prin- 
ciples of  Catholic  teaching  and  phil- 
osophy, who  know  that,  although  the 
world  shall  pass  away,  the  Church 
and  the  things  she  teaches  as  God's 
word  must  stand  forever,  should  at 
times  be  disturbed  by  the  machinations 
of  political  managers ;  or,  still  worse, 
that  they  should  display  intolerance 
of  those  who  are  satisfied,  irrespective 
of  momentary  issues,  to  stand  on  fun- 
damental principles,  and  let  those  who 
are  wrong  be  wrong  until  their  own 
best  interests  or  their  conscience  shall 
afford  them  a  better  guide. 

To  my  mind,  the  typical  example 
of  intolerance  in  perhaps  all  history, 
is  Cranmer,  who  persecuted  the  first 
Protestants  because  they  would  not  go 
to  Mass,  while  he  persecuted  Catholics 
because  they  would  not  bow  to  Henry 
VIII  as  to  the  Pope,  and  later  perse- 
cuted Catholics  because  thej^  wanted 
to  go  to  Mass,  while  he  persecuted 
Protestants  because  they  would  not 
protest  on  the  same  grounds  as  the  par- 
ticular party  or  sect  that  he  favored. 


Fundamentals  is  all  that  we  have  a 
right  to  insist  upon.  God  alone  is 
absolute;  the  Church  alone,  infallible. 
It  would  be  well  for  the  leaders  of 
the  so-called  Third  Estate  that  we  have 
in  mind,  not  merely  to  reflect  on  these 
truths,  but  to  carry  over  their  thought, 
as  they  think  in  normal  circumstances, 
into  the  excited  movements  which  usu- 
ally attend  political  campaigns,  whether 
national  or  local. 

It  is  bad  enough,  surely,  to  be  in- 
tolerant towards  our  separated  friends, 
whom  we  are  obliged  by  truth  and 
charity  to  love  as  ourselves ;  but  intol- 
erance towards  members  of  our  own 
faith,  who  entertain  views  different 
from  our  own,  seems  to  be  the  worst 
kind  of  bigotry,  deserving  to  be  called 
after   Cranmer,   the   prince    of  bigots. 

In  showing  us  what  is  dignified  and 
effective  in  normal  times  President 
Coolidge  has  set  an  example  that  Cath- 
olics may  well  follow,  taking  their 
stand  on  fundamentals  and  holding 
it  without  thought  of  fear  or  hope  of 
favor,  serene  and  undisturbed  by  the 
schemes  of  politicians. 

TIME 

By  J.  Corson  Miller 
Tick,  tock,  tick,  took! 
Under  the  soil  and  over  the  rock. 
Across  the  musing  face  of  the  night, 
Apace  with  the  heart  that  love  makes  light. 
Along   young   eyes  full-brimmed  with 

laughter — 
Then  and  noAv,  before  and  after — 
Ticks  the  vast,  earth-circling  clock: 
Tick,  tock — tick,  tock! 

Beating  stress,  tides  ebb  and  flow. 
Men  and  mountains  wear  white  snow. 
The  forests  change  green  cloaks  for  gold, 
Red  lips  are  warm,  thin  blood  runs  cold. 
Short  years  youth  drinks  the  wine  of  wonder, 
Short  years,  and  age  is  carried  under. 
Brief  words  are  spoken,  bells  are  tolled. 
The  flowers  fade — the  wind  blows  cold. 
Like  the  mirthless  song   of  a  mocking  ocean, 
With  a  perpetual,   cleancut  motion, 
Ticks  the  vast,  earth-circling  clock — 
Tick,    tock!    Tick 

ENTHRALLED 

By  Charles  J.  QuirTc,  S.  J. 
So  enamored  of  the  earth 
And    its    alluring    shine, 
That    moth-wise    now    lies    thralled 
A  star  in  yon  tall  pine. 


464 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 

Scholars  and  Scholarship 

By    Benedict    Elder 


Xovember  15 


' '  Have  we  any  Catholic  scholars  ? ' '  is 
a  question  that  for  some  weeks  past  has 
been  running  in  the  pages  of  America. 
A  related  question,  as  to  whether  our 
Catholic  colleges  enjoy  as  high  prestige 
in  educational  circles  as  non-Catholic 
institutions,  has  at  the  same  time  been 
discussed  in  the  Commoniveal.  These 
discussions  are  full  of  interest  and,  ir- 
respective of  how  they  may  terminate, 
are  calculated  to  awaken  in  Catholics  a 
wholesome  and  much  needed  spirit  of 
self-criticism, — which  no  doubt  was  the 
main  object  in  starting  them. 

The  thing  can  be  overdone,  however. 
The  attitude  of  self-criticism  is  but  a 
shade  removed  from  the  inferiorit}' 
complex,  and  if  the  tendency  thati  is 
abroad  to  treat  education  and  scholar- 
ship as  absolute  values  be  not  carefully 
avoided,  the  habit  of  self-criticism  may 
create  a  spirit  of  servility,  a  truckling 
attitude  that  leads  to  the  imitation  of 
vanities  and  the  pursuit  of  fa:se  ends. 

Scholars  are  rare.  They  are  more 
rare  in  a  new  than  in  an  old  country. 
They  are  rarest,  perhaps,  in  a  free 
country,  or  rather,  one  should  say,  in 
a  country  where  there  is  equal  oppor- 
tunity for  all.  To  be  a  scholar  requires 
many  j'^ears  of  leisure,  and  to  enjoy 
such  leisure  one  must  be  able  to  com- 
m.and  the  services  of  others,  perhans  of 
many  others.  To  be  a  scholar  is  to  be 
rich  in  learning,  and  in  the  field  of 
learning,  as  in  that  of  finance,  one 
man's  riches  indicate  other  men's  pri- 
vations. It  is  not  always  a  creditable 
distinction  to  l)e  a  scholar.  We  need 
not  be  ashamed  that  our  country  has 
no  such  array  of  scholars  as  some  other 
countries  can  boast,  or  if  Catholics  have 
fewer  of  this  class  than  are  found 
among  non-Catholics. 

Whether  or  not  we  have  our  pro- 
portion of  recognized  Catholic  scholars 
is  an  interesting  question,  but  it  is  not 
nearly  so  important  as  Avhether  or  not 
Catholics    generally    distinguish    them- 


selves by  their  devotion  to  Almiglitv 
God  and  their  usefulness  to  society  in 
whatever  may  be  their  chosen  field  of 
endeavor.  Scholars  have  never  redeemed 
the  world.  Scholars  did  not  save  Ger- 
many. Scholars  did  not  prevent  the 
shambles  of  the  World  AVar.  It  is  time 
that  those  who  are  capable  of  appreciat- 
ing the  relative  values  of  life  should 
call  the  turn  on  the  Tower-of-Babel 
spirit  which  animates  so  many  of  this 
generation. 

"Let  not  Ambition  mocl-c  their   useful  toil, 
Tlieir  homely  joys,   and   destiny  obscure; 
Nor  Grandeur  hear,  with  a  disdainful  smile, 
The   short  and  simple   annals   of  the   poor." 

Among  Catholics  in  America,  until 
recent  years,  there  has  been  less  of 
riches,  less  of  leisure,  less  of  servile 
distinction,  we  trust,  than  have  existed 
in  non-Catholic  circles,  and,  naturally, 
they  have  not  kept  pace  with  their  non- 
Cathoac  neighbors  in  the  production  of 
scholars.  The  status  of  Catholics  in  this 
respect  has  somcAvhat  improved — if  one 
may  call  it  improvement — with  the 
present  generation,  but  if  it  requires 
three  generations  to  produce  a  "gentle- 
man," it  must  require  more  than  one  to 
produce  a  "scholar." 

Moreover,  among  Catholics  in 
America,  the  field  of  higher  education, 
which  is  supposed  to  produce  the  schol- 
ars, is  virtually  pre-empted  to  the 
clergy.  We  ma}'  have  a  few  obscure  lay 
professors  in  our  colleges  and  uni- 
versities, but  we  have  no  Lowells  or 
Butlers  or  Eliots.  The  Catholic  layman 
must  win  his  laurels  in  other  fields. 
AVas  Chief  Justice  White  a  scholar  f 
No,  he  was  a  jurist.  AVas  Hannis 
Taylor  a  scholar?  No,  he  was  a  lawyer. 
Is  Austin  O'Malley  a  scholar?  No,  he 
is  a  physician.  And  so  it  goes.  A  man 
maj'  possess  profound  erudition,  may 
know  many  languages,  all  the  arts  and 
much  of  science,  may  devote  his  talents 
to  the  service  of  his  fellowmen  and  live 
a  life  that  is  an  example  and  an  inspira- 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEYIEW 


465 


tJoii  to  all  who  knoAv  him,  but  if  he  is 
not  known  as  a  "professor"  of  some 
sort,  he  is  not  recognized  as  a  scholar. 
Thus,  in  a  Avay,  Catholic  laymen  of  the 
highest  attainments  are  precluded  from 
qualifying  as  "scholars." 

Nor  do  the  members  of  the  clergy 
gain  in  this  respect  what  the  laymen 
lose.  Is  Barry  0 'Toole  a  scholar?  He 
has  written  what  is  perhaps  the  best 
balanced  treatise  extant  on  the  subject 
of  evolution.  He  has  been  engaged  for 
months  in  helping  to  establish  the  Bene- 
dictine University  in  Pekin.  Yet,  who 
thinks  of  him  as  a  scholar?  Pie  is  a 
priest.  Everyone  will  sa^'  cpiickly, — 
perhaps  it  is  better  to  say  it  quickly, — 
that  the  president  of  Harvard  is  a 
scholar.  The  president  of  the  Catholic 
University  is  a  deeper  schooled  man, 
much  more  traveled,  more  familiar,  with 
languages,  better  acquainted  with  art, 
with  a  wider  and  more  intimate  knowl- 
edge of  history,  and  has  written  more 
books,  studied  more  sciences,  read  more 
literature,  than  the  president  of  Har- 
vard. But  is  Bishop  Sliahan  thought  of 
among  us  as  a  scholar?  No,  he  is  a 
bishop. 

How  man}"  of  us  can  name  offhand 
the  presidents  of  Georgetown,  Ford- 
ham,  Marquette,  Notre  Dame,  Loyola? 
On  the  other  hand,  who  does  know  the 
names  of  the  presidents  of  Harvard, 
Yale,  Cornell,  Princeton,  Columbia? 
The  latter  would  be  named  among  the 
first  in  any  popular  list  •  of  American 
scholars;  the  former,  in  all  likelihood, 
would  not  be  mentioned,  even  by  Cath- 
olics. These  men  are  none  the  less 
scholars,  as  a  matter  of  course ;  but  so 
far  as  popular  recognition  is  concerned, 
they  are  as  the  gems  of  purest  ray 
serene  that  "the  dark  unfathomed 
caves  of  ocean  bear." 

If  it  were  only  possible  to  have  some 
of  our  distinguished  laymen  at  the  head 
of  our  great  Catholic  seats  of  learn- 
ing, one  may  venture  to  say  that  a  few 
years  hence  would  witness  a  notable 
change  in  the  popular  estimation  of 
Catholic  scholarship  in  America.  This 
prospect,  however,  is  one  that  a  layman 


may  only  hint  at,  never  urge ;  it  in- 
volves more  considerations  than  lie 
within  the  range  of  lay  observation  and 
experience.  Certainly,  it  is  not  out  of 
choice  that  the  clergy  virtually  exclude 
the  laity  from  all  distinction  in  the  field 
of  education.  Ordained  as  they  are  to 
the  divine  service  of  the  altar,  they 
would  not  prefer  a  role  which  the  un- 
anointed  could  fill  as  well.  We  can  al- 
ways presume,  even  when  we  do  not 
fully  know  them,  that  circumstances 
over  Avhich  they  have  no  control  impel 
our  priests  along  this  tangent  to  their 
sacred  vocation. 

Nor  do  our  bishops  lightly  consent  to 
the  withdrawal  of  priests  from  the 
ministrations  for  which  Holy  Orders 
divinely  fit  them.  Time  was,  perhaps, 
in  other  countries,  when  the  grace  of 
this  holy  Sacrament  was  not  deemed  so 
important  by  some  as  the  worldly  pre- 
rogatives to  which  it  opened  the  way, 
but  that  time  has  long  past,  and  such 
a  view  of  the  sacred  priesthood  has 
never  obtained  in  America,  where  from 
the  very  beginning  the  true  Apostolic 
spirit  has  ahvays  prevailed  among  our 
bishops  and  our  priests.  It  is  necessity 
that  impels  them  to  a  course  in  Cath- 
olic education  that  virtually  precludes 
the  recognition  of  scholarship  among 
the  laity. 

The  necessity  is  manifest  on  the  least 
investigation.  For  example,  as  these 
lines  are  being  written  the  constitution 
of  the  writer's  State  is  being  amended 
to  allow  our  one  city  of  the  first  class 
to  pay  the  public  school  superintendent 
a  salary  of  more  than  $5,000  the  year. 
The  superintendent  of  Catholic  schools 
in  the  same  city  receives  the  salary  of 
an  assistant  priest.  The  presidents  of 
such  universities  as  Harvard,  Yale, 
Princeton,  must  receive  salaries  rang- 
ing from  ten  to  tM'enty  thousand  a  year. 
The  presidents  of  most  Catholic  univer- 
sities receive  the  same  salary  as  priests 
engaged  in  parish  work,  which  ranges 
from  eight  to  twelve  hundred  a  year. 
This,  of  course,  excludes  laymen 
who  are  not  of  independent  means  from 
filling  such  positions, — and   it   is  only 


466 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


Xovember  15 


tbi'ougli  sacrifices  on  the  part  of  hun- 
dreds that  Catholics  can  have  separate 
schools  and  colleges  for  their  children. 

The  fact  remains  that,  with  our 
clergy  occupying  the  positions  that  are 
ordinarily  associated  with  scholarship, 
and  the^  laity  pursuing  their  lives  in 
fields  not  supposed  to  call  for  great 
erudition,  both  are  classed  according  to 
their  professions  and,  notwithstanding 
there  are  many  Catholics  of  profound 
and  versatile  learning,  the  prevailing 
impression  that  we  have  few  Catholic 
scholars  is  inevitable.  Even  where  some 
Catholic,  by  dint  of  energy  and  forcible 
expression,  wins  recognition  as  a  schol- 
ar, it  is  only  to  be  regarded  as  the  ex- 
ception that  proves  the  rule. 

For  Catholic  writers  to  confirm  the 
popular  impression  by  seriously  ques- 
tioning whether  we  have  any  scholars, 
seems  to  the  present  writer  unjust.  It 
seems,  moreover,  to  reveal  a  weakness 
toward  the  tendency  that  is  abroad 
these  days  to  regard  higher  education 
as  having  a  value  that  is  absolute,  which 
is  a  notion  that  cannot  be  reconciled 
with  Catholic  teaching  on  divine  econ- 
omy. After  all,  it  does  not  matter  so 
much  who  is  a  scholar  or  how  many 
scholars  we  have.  To  serve  God  and  be 
useful  to  society  is  as  much  as  the  most 
erudite  scholar  can  do,  and  there  are 
just  as  many  and  as  great  opportunities 
for  doing  that  open  to  those  who  lay  no 
claim  to  scholarship  as  to  those  who 
are  entitled  to  that  distinction. 

Some  Catholics  seem  eager  to  show 
to  their  fellow  Catholics  and  to  the 
world,  not  how  much  but  how  little  in- 
fluence the  Church  exerts  upon  their 
lives,  not  how  much  but  how  little  it 
means  to  be  a  Catholic.  They  are  con- 
tinually seeking  to  have  Catholic  ideals 
and  institutions  measure  up  to  the 
world's  standard.  They  would  win  the 
world's  admiration  for  the  Church  by 
remaking  the  Church  to  the  world's 
image.  There  is  a  subtle  note  of  that 
running  through  these  discussions 
about  the  lack  of  Catholic  scholars  and 
the  defects  of  Catholic  schools.  One 
says,  thank  God  Catholics  are  no  longer 


the  hewers  and  drawers.  Another  com- 
plains because  those  who  go  out  of  our 
schools  find  "their  philosoph}-,  their 
cultural  viewpoint  subject  to  constant 
attack." 

If  the  object  be  to  scorn  the  hewers 
and  drawers  and  turn  out  scholars  with 
a  philosophy  and  cultural  viewpoint 
that  will  agree  with  the  opinions  of  the 
world,  there  is  no  need  of  Catholic  edu- 
cation ;  there  is  no  need  of  the  Church. 
Indeed,  in  that  view  there  was  no  need 
of  the  coming  of  Christ,  as  the  world 
already  had  its  scholars,  its  philosophy, 
its  cultural  viewpoint,  and  its  full 
measure  of  scorn  for  the  hewers  and 
drawers. 

A  reaction  from  the  materialism  of 
the  nineteenth  century,  which  takes  the 
form  of  an  intellectual  renaissance,  can- 
not excite  much  enthusiasm  among 
those  who  cherish  in  their  hearts  the 
truths  of  the  Eight  Beatitudes.  Instead 
of  more  popular  Catholic  scholars  and 
more  fashionable  Catholic  schools,  we 
need  more  Catholic  men  and  women  in 
all  the  strata  of  society  who  by  their 
lives  and  deeds  exemplify  the  truth  and 
beauty  of  Catholic  principles  of  social 
action  and  the  mission  of  the  Church  to 
renew  the  heart  of  civilization  and  re- 
store all  things  in  Christ. 


Telling   the   Truth    About   the   Ssunts 

A  timely  protest  against  "Wliite- 
washing  Saints"  is  published  in  the 
Catholic  World  magazine  of  the  Paul- 
ist  Fathers  (No.  727)  from  the  pen  of 
Father  John  E.  Graham,  of  St.  Pat- 
rick's Church,  Washington,  formerly 
instructor  in  church  history  and  Canon 
Law  in  St.  Mary's  Seminary,  Balti- 
more, Md.  He  says  that  it  is  inex- 
cusable romance  in  treating  of  the  lives 
of  the  saints  and  points  to  Sacred 
Scripture  as  the  best  model  of  hagi- 
ography. 

"Most  assuredly,"  he  says,  "there 
is  no  fictionizing,  no  glossing  over  or 
'whitewashing'  in  the  sacred  record. 
.  .  .  God  in  His  infinite  wisdom  and 
truthfulness  painted  His  servants  and 
friends  just  as  they  were,  with  their 


1925 


THE  FOETXIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


467 


beauties  and  their  blemishes,  their 
lights  and  their  shadows;  with  their 
heroic  virtues  and  their  petty  human 
meannesses,  their  great  strength  and 
their  miserable  weakness :  the  mother 
of  us  all,  in  her  insatiable  curiosity 
and  vanity;  our  first  father's  spine- 
lessness;  Noah's  drunkenness;  Abra- 
ham's cowardly  lying  and  risking  his 
wife 's  chastity  to  save  his  own  skin ; 
the  contemptible  treachery  of  Rebec- 
ca and  Jacob;  Moses'  lack  of  trust  in 
God,  after  all  the  proofs  he  had  of  the 
divine  protection ;  Aaron,  high  priest 
of  Jehovah,  countenancing  idolatry 
through  an  unmanly  fear  for  his  life 
or  even  his  popularity;  David,  the 
specially  loved  of  God,  an  adulterer 
and  a  homicide ;  the  uxuriousness  of 
Solomon  the  Wise ;  the  vindictiveness 
of  Elisha  the  prophet.  And  so  through- 
out the  whole  catalogue  of  the  saints 
of  the  Old  Dispensation." 

''Nor  is  this  truth-telling  policy  con- 
fined to  the  ante-Christian  era.  Even 
when  the  truth  cut  deeply,  and  mili- 
tated against  the  Cause  which  was 
dearer  to  them  than  their  own  lives, 
the  evangelists  never  hesitated,  for  one 
instant,  to  show  themselves  in  their 
true  colors;  telling  us,  with  all  frank- 
ness, of  their  ignorance,  their  stupid- 
ity, and  hardheadedness,  their  grossly 
materialistic  conceptions  of  the  Mes- 
sianic mission,  their  worldly  ambitions, 
their  childish  petty  squables  for  pre- 
cedence, their  abject  cowardice,  their 
base  desertion  of  the  Master  in  His 
darkest  hour,  of  the  dastardly  dis- 
loyalty of  him  whom  Christ  had  hon- 
ored above  all  the  others  by  choosing 
him  for  His  own  successor  and  chief 
representative  on  earth.  They  tell  us 
of  their  human  disagreements,  even  af- 
ter the  coming  of  the  Holy  Spirit ;  of 
Peter's  weakness  and  temporizing  in 
the  interests  of  the  Judaizers,  to  such 
an  extent  that  Paul  felt  called  upon  to 
fling   the    truth    into    his    very    teeth. 

"A  long  series  of  very  human  por- 
traits indeed — all  these — from  Genesis 
to  the  Apocalypse.  Yet  these  very 
human  men,  with  all  their  human  faults 
and   foibles,    were   great    saints,    dear 


friends  of  God.  Nor  does  it  appear 
that  the  recording  of  these  discredit- 
able human  traits  in  the  Biblical  per- 
sonages destroyed,  or  materially  les- 
sened, the  reverence  of  either  the  Jew- 
ish or  the  Christian  world  for  the 
general  character,  the  great  and  gen- 
uine virtues  of  these  eminent  saints 
and  heroes.  Where,  then,  can  we  pos- 
sibly find  a  better  model  for  our 
Christian  hagiography  than  these 
Scriptural  biographies  of  which  God 
Himself  is  Author? 

"The  well-meaning  folk  who  favor 
expurgated  biography,  no  doubt  con- 
sider their  policy  eminently  judicious, 
and  well  calculated  to  avert  scandal 
or  disedification.  But  their  wisdom 
is  open  to  question.  Not  many  read- 
ers of  the  expurgated  hagiography  will 
remain  forever  in  their  blissful  ignor- 
ance— if  blissful  it  be.  There  will 
come  a  time  when  they  will  discover 
the  unvarnished  truth;  or  when,  per- 
haps, they  will  do  a  little  thinking  on 
their  own  account ;  and,  when  that  time 
comes,  those  of  them  who  are  not  much 
given  to  discriminating,  seeing  so  much 
untruth,  or  concealment  of  the  truth, 
where  they  once  thought  there 
was  nothing  but  truth,  will  probably 
throw  the  whole  into  the  discard  as 
a  tissue  of  fables  worthy  of  being  set 
side  by  side  with  mythological  legends. 
Trust  your  readers,  ye  biographers, 
just  a  little.  Give  them  credit  for  a 
modicum  of  sense  and  judgment ;  and 
furnish  them  with  pabulum  suited  to 
grown-ups. 

' '  Even  as  regards  children, — while  of 
course,  no  sane  teacher  would  go  out 
of  his  way  to  induct  them  into  the 
knowledge  of  damaging  truths — they 
may  as  well  be  taught  judiciously  as 
much  unpleasant  truth  as  they  need  to 
know,  to  guard  against  a  wrong  im- 
pression. Certainly  the  very  least  that 
can  be  demanded  is,  not  to  tell  them 
a  downright  untruth,  or  —  what 
amounts  practically  to  the  same  thing 
— not  to  gloss  over  and  Avhitewash  to 
such  an  extent  as  to  give  them  an  en- 
tirely false  notion  of  the  saint  or  the 
hero.      It   you   mislead   or   misinform 


468 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


Xovember  15 


children — no  matter  how  good  your  mo- 
tive— they  will  probably  find  you  out 
later  in  life ;  and,  when  they  do,  many 
of  them  will  not  stop  to  sift  the  wheat 
of  fact  or  truth  from  the  chaff  of  fiction 
and  fable,  but  will  rather  distrust  all 
historical  teaching  and,  in  their  dis- 
gust and  resentment,  put  it  on  a  plane 
with  their  fair}'  tales  and  Santa  Claus 
myths,  with  Red  Riding  Hood  and 
Jack  of  the  Bean  Stalk." 


Catholics  and  International  Peace 

War  is  still  envisaged  as  a  practical 
policy  and  a  possible  occurrence,  says 
the  Month  (No.  735),  because  the  na- 
tions which  Christianity  has  civilized 
will  not  take  the  trouble  to  apply 
Christianity  to  their  dealings  with  one 
another.  Their  Christianity,  in  other 
words,  is  not  thorough.  It  is  this  uni- 
versal defect  which  gives  immense 
significance  to  the  recent  assembly  at 
Oxford,  at  the  joint  invitation  of  the 
British  Catholic  Council  of  Interna- 
tional Relations,  and  the  Catholic  So- 
cial Guild,  of  the  Fifth  Annual  Con- 
ference of  the  International  Catholic 
League  (known  as  I.  K.  A.),  to  dis- 
cuss the  bearings  and  implications  of 
the  principle  of  nationalit3\  Nation- 
ality in  one  form  or  another — national 
interest,  national  prestige,  national  ex- 
pansion, national  culture — has  always 
been  the  pretext  of  war.  The  principle 
has  been  invoked  to  justify  every  kind 
of  crime  and  injustice,  just  as  it  has 
inspired  the  noblest  self-sacrifice  and 
heroism.  Manifestly,  it  is  one  which 
needs  definition  and  restraint,  such  as 
only  the  loftier  principle  of  Christian 
morality  can  provide.  It  is  high  time 
that  Catholics  should  get  together  to 
consider  it,  high  time,  if  Ave  may  say 
so,  that  the  lawful  limits  of  the  na- 
tional principle  should  form  part  of 
the  ethical  teaching  of  the  Catholic 
Church.  No  sentiment  more  easily  de- 
generates into  racial  egotism  and  pride 
than  love  of  country,  unless  it  is  con- 
joined with  the  love  of  God  and  His 
justice.  Yet  we  cannot  say  that  Cath- 
olics have  hitherto  been  prominent  in 
insisting  upon  the  limits  beyond  which 


nationalism — the  concrete  expression 
of  nationality — cannot  lawfully  stray. 
They  have  found  it  easier,  in  inter- 
national as  in  commercial  matters,  to 
fall  in  with  the  current  sentiment : 
they  have  been  slow  to  show  themselves 
Christians  to  the  marrow:  they  have 
not  acted  as  a  leaven  to  the  non-Cath- 
olic mass  around  them:  they  have  not 
responded  as  they  should  to  the  clear 
and  constant  teaching  of  the  Popes, 
who  preached,  even  in  the  midst  of  the 
"World  War,  the  abiding  law  of  charit}'. 

It  is  the  curse  of  modern  warfare 
that  it  cannot  be  effectively  waged 
until  Christian  good  will  has  been  de- 
stroyed, and,  in  pursuance  of  their 
aims,  the  leaders  of  the  belligerents 
without  exception  set  themselves  at 
home  and  in  the  field  deliberately  to 
destro}^  whatever  international  amity 
existed  before  the  war,  and  to  replace 
it  by  international  hatred  and  suspi- 
cion. They  were  only  too  successful, 
but  the  evil  disposition  remained  when 
it  had  done  its  work.  In  the  light  of 
latter  events,  in  how  sinister  a  light 
appears  that  iniquitous  clause  in  the 
Treaty  of  Rome  whereby  the  assistance 
of  Italy  was  purchased  by  the  Allies — 
''France,  Great  Britain  and  Russia 
pledge  themselves  to  support  Italy  in 
not  allowing  the  representatives  of  the 
Holy  See  to  undertake  any  diplomatic 
steps  having  for  their  object  the  con- 
clusion of  peace  or  the  settlement  of 
questions  connected  with  the  present 
war."  In  thus  ruling  out  the  Pope 
from  their  counsels,  the  Allies  in  effect 
ruled  out  all  Christian  influences  from 
their  feeble  and  futile  attempt  to  re- 
store peace  to  Europe.  With  what  re- 
sult we  know.  And  even  yet,  in  spite 
of  the  experiences  of  seven  years'  un- 
rest, they  are  loath  to  re-establish  that 
good  will  on  which  alone  peace  can  be 
securely  based,  and  to  call  in  to  sup- 
port them  the  enormous  moral  force 
wielded  hj  the  Papacy. 

At  last,  as  the  Oxford  Conference 
shows.  Catholics  are  determined,  in 
spite  of  the  diplomatists,  to  do  what 
they  can  to  establish  the  peace  of 
Christ,  which  is  out  of  the  Avorld's 
power     to     establish.       Germans     and 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


469 


Frenclimen  and  Englislimen  and  Poles 
and  Americans,  together  with  repre- 
sentatives of  some  score  of  other  States 
in  the  New  AVorld  as  well  as  in  the 
Old,  freely  fraternized  at  Oxford  on 
the  basis  of  their  Catholic  citizenship 
to  discuss  the  root  causes  of  interna- 
tional conflict.  Thus  they  would  or- 
ganize and  consolidate  that  sense  of 
human  solidarity,  that  spirit  of  inter- 
national good  will,  that  zeal  for  the 
common  interests  of  mankind,  upon 
which  the  Papacy  in  its  role  of  peace- 
maker amongst  the  nations  must  ul- 
timately rely. 

The  International  Catholic  League 
means  to  re-Christianize  Europe  as 
a  first  step  towards  re-Christianizing 
the  world.  Catholicism  is  the  only  def- 
inite and  consistent  form  of  religion 
that  exists,  and,  leaving  out  the  Rus- 
sian Orthodox,  the  members  of  the 
Church  far  outnumber  the  members 
of  all  other  Christian  bodies  in  Europe. 
If  all  Catholics  agree  that  they  will 
support  no  war  which  cannot  be  shown 
to  be  just  according  to  the  standard  of 
the  moral  law,  then  a  most  powerful 
and  widespread  influence  in  favor  of 
peace  will  immediately  come  into 
force.  Such  united  action  presupposes 
a  continued  and  intelligent  interest  on 
the  part  of  the  Catholics  in  the  foreign 
affairs  of  their  respective  countries, 
and  an  immediate  condemnation  of 
acts  and  projects  which  are  not  in  ac- 
cord with  Christian  justice.  But  as 
such  supervision  is  impossible  for  the 
bulk  of  citizens,  immersed  in  their  own 
immediate  concerns  and  without  means 
of  accurately  knowing  international 
matters,  the  formation  of  a  Council  or 
(Committee  in  each  country,  on  the 
lines  of  the  British  Catholic  Council 
for  International  Relations  and 
charged  with  this  function,  is  obvious- 
ly desirable. 


Notes  and  Gleanings 

Those  who  are  acquainted  with  the 
ascetical  writings  of  the  late  Fr. 
Moritz  Meschler,  S.  J.,  of  which  several 
have  been  translated  into  English,  will 
be  pleased  to  read  the  story  of  his  life 
as  told  by  the  Rev.  Nicholas  Scheid, 
S.  J.,  in  a  late  volume  of  Fr.  Kempf 's 
well-known  series  "Jesuiten:  Lebens- 
bilder  grosser  Gottesstreiter."  This 
life  is  an  exemplification  of  Fr.  Mesch- 
ler's  chapter,  "Der  Jesuit,  wie  er 
leibt,  lebt  und  stirbt"  in  his  book,  "Die 
Gesellschaft  Jesu,"  which  he  -wi-ote 
shortly  before  his  death  at  the  age  of 
eighty  years  (1912).  He  was  a  master 
of  the  spiritual  life  who  disproved  in  his 
person  the  traditional  assumption  that 
the  true  ascete  must  be  a  man  of  som- 
ber temperament.  Fr.  Meschler  pos- 
sessed in  an  eminent  degree  the  saving 
grace  of  humor,  which  lies  spread  like  a 
sunny  sheen  over  the  pages  of  his 
biography.  We  have  read  Fr.  Scheid 's 
book  with  deep  interest  and  cordially 
recommend  it  to  all  who  love  spiritual 
reading  of  the  kind  that  grips  with  a 
personal  appeal.      (Herder). 

The  Revue  Internationale  des  So- 
cietes  Secretes  recently  spoke  of  a  Ma- 
sonic lodge  alleged  to  have  existed 
among  the  Carthusian  monks  of  Clair- 
vaux  Abbey  before  the  French  Revo- 
lution. The  Masonic  monthly  Acacia, 
for  June  1925,  gives  documentary  ev- 
idence to  show  that  this  lodge  really 
existed.  It  was  simply  one  among  in- 
numerable symptoms  of  decay  which 
brought  on  the  revolution  in  the  Cath- 
olic France  of  the  Bourbons. 


SUNSET  SONG 

By  Charles  J.   Quirk,  S.  J. 
I  need  not  go  to  foreign  lands 

To  see  quaint  lovely  things ; 
For   castles,  golden  towns,   and  ruins 

My  sunset  often  brings. 


"Die  feierliche  Papstmesse  und  die 
Zeremonien  bei  Heilig-  und  Selig- 
sprechungen, "  is  the  title  of  a  little 
brochure  (Herder),  in  which  Dr. 
J.  Brinktrine.  of  the  Paderborn 
Seminary,  mainly  for  the  benefit  of 
Hol}^  Year  pilgrims  from  German- 
speaking  countries,  explains  the  cere- 
monies of  the  solemn  high  mass  cele- 
brated by  the  Sovereign  Pontiff  at  beati- 
fications and  canonizations,  and  on  a 
few  other  special  occasions.     This  sol- 


470 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


November  15 


emn  papal  mass,  as  the  author  points 
out  in  his  preface,  closely  resembles 
the  pontifical  high  mass  of  an  earlier 
age  and  embodies  a  number  of  ancient 
customs  that  have  long  since  been  abol- 
ished elsewhere.  It  is  from  this  solemn 
and  elaborate  ceremony  that  our  pa- 
rochial high  mass  and  the  ordinary  low 
mass  have  been  derived,  though  not 
a  few  Catholics  are  under  the  mis- 
taken impression  that  the  course  of 
development  ran  in  the  opposite  di- 
rection. 


tics  that  holds  out  hope  to  humanity — 
the  one  that  reconstructs  all  things, 
moral,  cultural,  economic,  on  the 
foundation  of  God  and  holv  Church." 


Writing  on  ' '  Les  Elements  Juif  s  dans 
la  Legende  du  Golgotha,"  V.  Apto- 
witzer  show^s  in  the  Revue  des  Etudes 
Juives  (1924,  79,  pp.  145-162)  that  the 
tradition  recorded  by  several  of  the 
Church  Fathers,  according  to  w^hicli 
the  corpse,  or  at  least  the  skull  of  the 
first  man  (Adam)  was  interred  on 
Golgotha,  is  traceable  to  ancient  Jew- 
ish sources,  as  Origen  and  St.  Ambrose 
expressly  state.  In  the  "Oratio  contra 
ludaeos  de  Salvatoris  Adventu,"  form- 
erly attributed  to  Basil  of  Seleucia  (d. 
after  458),  it  is  stated  that  the  tra- 
dition goes  back  to  King  Solomon's 
time.  The  ancient  Jew-s  regarded 
Mount  Moriah,  where  Abraham  went 
to  sacrifice  Isaac,  as  the  hub  of  the 
earth,  and  believed  that  the  clay  from 
tvhich  God  fashioned  the  body  of  Adam 
was  taken  from  that  spot  and  that 
Adam  was  buried  there  in  accordance 
with  the  divine  dictum,  "Thou  art 
dust,"  etc.  The  early  Christians  re- 
garded Golgotha  pretty  much  in  the 
same  light,  which  probably  accounts 
for  the  fact  that  this  hill  was  later 
confounded  with  Mount  Moriah. 


Joseph  August  Lux  has  published  a 
spirited  account  of  his  pilgrimage  to 
the  Eternal  City,  under  the  title, 
"Roma  Sacra"  (Herder).  It  winds 
up  on  a  note  of  hopefulness.  "There 
is  but  one  way  to  salvation,"  said  Pius 
XI  to  the  author,  "and  that  is  the  way 
of  truth,  justice  and  charity.  Not  pol- 
itics nor  partisanship, — Catholic  truth 
and  justice  is  the  only  way,  the 
simple,  straight  way  that  leads  to  sal- 
vation.    There  is  but  one  kind  of  poli- 


We  are  indebted  to  Mr.  Elie  Vezina 
for  a  copy  of  the  "Guide  Officiel  des 
Franco- Americains"  for  1925.  This 
valuable  directory  of  the  French- 
Canadians  in  the  U.  S.  is  already  in 
its  sixth  edition.  It  is  handsomely  il- 
lustrated and  contains  statistical  in- 
formation concerning  all  French-Ca- 
nadian Catholic  parishes  in  this  coun- 
try, a  directory  of  French-Canadian 
societies,  an  alphabetical  list  of  all 
French-Canadian  priests  engaged  in 
parish  work  or  teaching,  and  a  direct- 
ory of  prominent  French-American 
professional  and  business  men.  The 
massive  volume  (nearly  700  large  oc- 
tavo pages)  is  illustrated  with  photo- 
graphs of  priests  and  laymen  and  pic- 
tures of  a  number  of  churches  and 
schools.  The  publisher  is  Albert  A. 
Belanger,  Fall  River,  Mass. 

After  a  lapse  of  eight  years,  the 
Catholic  Record  Society  of  Ireland  has 
resumed  publication  of  "Irish  Histor- 
ical Records."  The  seventh  volume, 
recently  issued  from  St.  Patrick's  Col- 
lege, Maj^nooth,  is  rich  in  documents 
of  the  sixteenth  century,  the  bulk  of 
them  collected  by  Msgr.  Hagan,  of  the 
Irish  College,  Rome.  His  "Miscellanea 
Vaticano-Hiberuica"  will  prove  a 
quarry  for  future  students  of  Irish 
ecclesiastical  history.  It  is  to  be  hoped 
that  the  editors  of  this  valuable  pub- 
lication will  provide  critical  editions 
of  Colgan's  monumental  work  on  the 
Irish  saints  and  Archdall's  "Mona- 
sticon  IIil)ornicrm." 


Father  J.  M.  Lenhart's  use  of  titles 
to  designate  members  of  the  Francis- 
can Order  in  the  fifth  and  sixth  an- 
nual reports  of  the  Franciscan  Edu- 
cational Conference  is  puzzling,  to  say 
the  least.  Here  is  a  list  of  the  titles 
as  thev  appear  in  his  papers :  0.  M. 
Obs.,  6.  M.  Observ.,  Ord.  Min.,  0.  Min. 
Recoil.,  0.  M.  Discal.,  0.  M.  Disc,  0. 
M.  Strict.  Obs.,  0.  M.  Strict.  Observ., 
0.   M.   Ref.,   0.   S.  Franc,   0.   F.   M., 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


471 


0.  M.  C,  0.  M.  Conv.,  0.  M.  Cap.  As 
was  pointed  out  in  the  F.  R.  for  March 
15,  1924,  p.  105,  this  confusion  is  un- 
intelligible to  the  ordinary  reader,  and, 
what  is  worse,  creates  the  historically 
false  impression  that  those  who  at  one 
time  or  another  used  these  titles,  consti- 
tuted autonomous  branches  of  the  Or- 
der, like  the  O.F.M,  O.M.C.,  and  O.M. 
Cap.  of  to-day.  What  Fr.  Lenhart  means 
by  0.  C.  D.  ( Sixth -Annual  Report,  pp. 
80,  95)  is  a  puzzle  even  to  the  scholar. 
Does  he  really  believe  that  the  0.  F.  M. 
first  began  in  1897?  Finally  he  makes 
Ximenes  an  0.  M.  C,  though  it  is  well 
knowTi  that  the  famous  Cardinal  was 
the  bulwark  of  Observantism  in  Spain 
and  had  much  to  suffer  in  consequence. 


The  decay  of  Greek  studies  in  Eng- 
lish-speaking countries  has  gone  so  far 
that  the  Oxford  University  Press  is 
afraid  that  the  £20,000  it  is  spending 
on  the  new  edition  of  Liddell  and 
Scott's  G-reek-English  Lexicon  will  not 
be  recouped.  Part  I  of  the  new  edition 
of  this  famous  standard  work  has  just 
appeared.  It  has  been  thoroug-hly  re- 
vised by  Dr.  Henry  Stuart  Jones  and 
Mr.  Roderick  McKenzie,  with  the  co- 
operation of  many  other  scholars. 
There  are  to  be  ten  parts  altogether, 
for  which  the  subscription  price  is 
four  guineas  (a  little  over  $20).  The 
London  Tablet  (No.  4451)  advises 
Catholic  scholars  and  heads  of  acade- 
mic institutions  to  become  subscribers 
at  once.  Catholics  indeed  have  special 
reasons  for  supporting  such  undertak- 
ings as  this.  The  new  edition  of  Lid- 
dell and  Scott,  by  the  way,  is  not  en- 
tirely classical.  The  vocabulary  of  the 
Neo-Platonists  is  there,  and  so  is  the 
Greek  of  the  New  Testament.  Dr. 
Darwell  Stone  is  editing  a  separate 
lexicon  of  Patristic  Greek.  A  lexicon 
of  modern  Greek  is  also  spoken  of, 
which  would  start  from  the  year  600. 


that  it  must  have  been  a  Roman  ham- 
mer dating  from  the  second  or  thin^ 
century.  The  discoverer  of  this  in- 
teresting relic  was  carrying  it  off  in 
triumph  to  his  office,  when  he  hap- 
pened to  pass  a  workingman  nailing  a 
carpet  with  what  is  known  as  an  up- 
holsterer's hammer.  This,  on  inspec- 
tion, turned  out  to  be  an  exact  replica 
of  the  Roman  instrument,  except  that 
it  was  slightly  smaller.  The  bevel  on 
the  inside  of  the  claAvs  of  the  nail 
wrench  was  the  same.  The  same  num- 
ber of  rivets  was  used  to  attach  the 
head  to  the  wooden  handle,  and  these 
rivets  were  fixed  in  exactly  the  same 
positions.  As  "Q.  W.,"  writing  of  the 
incKien:  in  a  London  paper,  re- 
marked :  "  So  with  all  our  vaunted  pro- 
gress, there  seem  to  be  some  things 
which,  having  once  been  designed  to 
meet  a  special  need,  cannot  be  im- 
proved upon  so  long  as  the  need  re- 
mains the  same." 


There  was  much  truth  in  what  a 
speaker  before  the  students  of  Boston 
University  said  the  other  week,  namely, 
that  one  of  the  difficulties  in  the  world 
to-day  is  ■^hat  there  is  too  much  doing 
and  not  enough  thinking.  "Is  it  abso- 
lutely necessary  that  there  should  be 
a  radio  outfit  in  every  home?"  he  said 
in  part.  "I'm  not  deprecating  the  ra- 
dio particularly,  but  simply  using  it  as 
an  illustration  of  the  drift  toward  oc- 
cupying  the   time  with   anything   but 

thinking AVe  need  more  peace  of 

mind." 


Recently  in  London  an  old  hammer 
was  found  embedded  in  a  mass  of  cor- 
Crete  to  which  w^as  attached  a  piece  oi 
Roman  tile.  From  the  broken  crock- 
erv  found  with  it   there   is  no   doubt 


St.  Jerome  tells  us  that  the  Jews 
did  not  allow  a  person  to  read  the 
Canticle  of  Canticles  before  he  had 
passed  the  thirtieth  year.  The  reason 
of  this  prohibition  was  the  danger  of 
misinterpreting  the  sublime  poem.  So 
the  Church  in  the  second  Council  of 
Constantinople  wisely  condemned  the 
exclusively  literal  interpretation.  The 
mystic  sense  (though  adopted  by  Bos- 
suet)  has  not  found  many  partisans. 
The  interpretation  that  is  favored  not 
only  by  the  Church,  but  also  by  the 
Jews,  is  the  purely  allegorical,  which 
St.  Bernard  above  all  others  has  de- 


■±72 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


November  15 


veloped  in  his  sublime  meditations.  It 
is  this  allegorical  interpretation  which 
has  guided  Fr.  Jesse  Brett  in  his 
studies  of  the  Song  of  Songs,  published 
under  the  title  "Via  Mystica"  (S.  P. 
C.  K.). 


The  Church  is  in  no  way  committed 
to  the  chronology  found  in  Protestant 
editions  of  the  Bible  and  compiled  by 
a  Protestant  Bishop.  "The  time  has 
not  yet  come  to  fix  an  authoritative 
chronology  of  the  Bible,"  says  the 
Catholic  Encyclopedia.  The  time  does 
not  seem  near  at  hand,  nor  is  it  likely 
that  any  complete  chronology  such  as 
has  been  essayed  (without  much  suc- 
cess) by  many  men  of  science,  will 
ever  be  attempted. — B.  C.  A.  AVindle. 


A  reviewer  of  Fr.  E.  Boyd  Barrett's 
S.  J.  book,  "The  New  Psychology" 
{Black friars,  Vol.  VI.  No.  66)  doubts, 
with  regard  to  psychoanah'sis,  ' '  wheth- 
er one  can  really  separate  the  method 
from  the  theory  and  say  that  whilst 
the  former  is  'good  per  se,'  the  lat- 
ter is  amoral  or  definitely  immoral. 
Method  and  theory,  that  is  the  inter- 
pretation of  the  data  arrived  at  by 
the  specific  methods  of  analysis,  are 
so  closely  interwoven  that  separation 
is  difficult.  In  the  end  the  only  valid 
criticism  of  psychoanalj'sis  is  that 
which  is  based  on  the  uses  of  the 
method  and  one's  own  experience  as 
to  the  validity  of  the  interpretations." 


Machiavelli 's  "Prince"  is  the  tutor 
of  modern  statesmen,  and  their  League 
of  Nations.  AVorld  Court  and  ITaor.e 
Tribunal  will,  in  the  end,  avail  them 
little,  because  these  institutions  are 
built  on  sand.  The,y  are  founded  in 
utilitarian  motives,  adopted  according 
to  the  circumscribed  limits  of  human 
insight  and  understanding,  without 
consideration  for  the  eternal  principles 
of  morality,  justice,  and  truth. —  So- 
cial Justice,  XVIII,  5. 


There  are  some  things  which  we  are 
trying  to  do  that  we  shall  never  suc- 
ceed in  doing  by  political  methods.  We 
cannot  change  the  hearts  of  men  by 
political   theories.     No   dogma   of   de- 


mocracy can  make  out  of  an  egotist  a 
humble  man. — Memoirs  of  Thos.  R. 
Marshall. 


Castigating  the  editor  and  with- 
drawing support  are  not  the  best  ways 
of  encouraging  impartial  and  outspok- 
en journalism. 


I  heard  repeated  the  famous  reply 
of  Anne  of  Austria  to  Cardinal  Ma- 
zarin :  ' '  God  does  not  pay  at  the  end 
of  every  week,  but  he  pays." — Mem- 
oirs of  Thos.  R.  Marshall 

Nowadays  we  hear  a  great  deal  about 
the  future ;  there  is  much  snubbing  of 
the  past,  and  to-morrow  will  take  its 
turn  at  to-day.  But  only  when  the  pres- 
ent is  leavened  with  something  froir 
the  best  of  the  past's  traditions  is  any- 
thing worth  while  or  tolerable  pro- 
duced. 


America  is  still  putting  up  school 
buildings  and  crying  for  more  teach- 
ers, but  it  skims  over  the  fundament- 
als of  real  education. — Dr.  Alexander 

Meiklejohn. 

■  It  takes  sixty-four  muscles  to  make 
a  frown  and  only  thirteen  to  crack  a 
smile;  still  foks  frown  very  much 
oftener  than  they  smile — Alverno  Sen- 
tinel. 


Correspondence 


Frequent  Communion 

To  the  Editor:— 

In  his  answer  to  my  criticism  (F. 
R.,  No.  20,  p.  431)  Father  Curran  gives 
an  excellent  explanation  of  the  mean- 
ing of  frequent  Communion ;  excellent, 
because  it  is  the  same  explanation, 
which  Pope  Pius  X  gave  in  answer  to 
a  letter  to  him,  in  which  he  was  asked 
to  explain  the  meaning  of  frequent 
Communion.  I  would  have  prefered 
if  Father  Curran  had  said  more  about 
the  word  necessity,  because  this  word 
was  the  point  upon  which  my  criti- 
cism turned. 

We  distinguish  between  actual  and 
spiritual  Communion  in  a  similar  way 


1925 


THE  FOBTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


473 


as  we  distinguish  between  Baptism  of 
water  anti  iiaptism  of  desire.  The 
wording  of  the  Decree  makes  it  plain 
that  when  it  says  that  daily  Commun- 
ion is  not  a  divine  law,  daily  actual 
Communion  is  meant.  Where  it  says 
that  frequent  Communion  is  necessary, 
it  is  plain  that  frequent  actual  Com- 
munion is  meant.  Whether  daily 
spiritual  Communion  is  necessary,  is 
another  question.  One  who  says  the 
Our  Father  daily  makes  a  daily  spirit- 
ual Communion  ("Give  us  this  day  our 
daily  bread"). 

It  is  indeed  a  holy  and  laudable  un- 
dertaking in  which  Father  Curran  is 
engaged,  that  of  inducing  priests  to 
endeavor  to  obtain  from  the  people 
as  many  Communions  as  possible.  It 
seems  that  the  shortest  and  most  prac- 
tical way  to  obtain  this  end  would  be 
to  do  away  with  devotional  confessions. 
Communion  is  the  easiest  and  surest 
way  to  have  our  venial  sins  taken  away. 
Besides,  if  I  go  to  Communion  for  the 
purpose  of  having  my  venial  sins 
taken  away,  I  am  sure  to  have  a  right 
intention,  perhaps  the  easiest  one  to 
have.  A  right  intention,  according  to 
the  Decree,  is  necessar^^  for  the  worthy 
reception  of  the  Blessed  Sacrament. 

A  Priest. 


In  Defense  of  the  Boy  Scouts 

To  the  Editor:  — 

In  the  F.  E.  for  Oct.  15,  on  page  426,  ap- 
pears an  article  emboflying  the  position  that 
the  Bov  Scout  movement  instills  the  spirit  of 
militarism  into  the  minds  of  youth.  I  here- 
with take  exception  to  this  position.  And 
being  honestly  convinced  of  my  conviction  in 
this  regard,  I  respectfully  request  the  editor 
to  permit  me  space  to  state  why  I  so  take  ex- 
ception to  the  article  referred  to. 

In  no  sense  is  the  Boy  Scout  movement  a 
military  affair-,  nor  is  it  in  anv  Avay  connected 
with  the  army  or  the  navy.  One  will  look  in 
vain  throughout  the  Boy  Scout  Manual  and 
the  Scout  Master's  Hand  Book  for  any  in- 
culcation of  militaristic  tendencies.  So  far 
as  I  know,  these  two  manuals  officially  con- 
tain what  '  *  scouting ' '  stands  for.  And  if 
militarism  were  a  feature  of  ' '  scouting, ' ' 
some  reference  thereto  should  be  made  in  one 
or  the  other,  or  both  of  these  manuals. 

Furthermore  I  took  the  Scout  Master's 
training  course,  and  hold  a  diploma  for  same, 
and  did  not  find  anything  therein  that  be- 
speaks the  military  spirit. 


The  Encyclopedia  Americana,  volume  12, 
page  370,  says:  "The  first  Boy  Scout's  or- 
ganization Avas  formed  in  1908  .  .  .  the  organ- 
ization being  recognized  as  a  'non-military, 
public  service  bodv'."  As  regards  the  Boy 
Scouts  of  America  the  same  Encyclopedia  on 
the  same  page  refers  to  it  as  "non-military.  .  . 
in  character. ' ' 

Possibly  the  contention  that  the  Boy  Scout 
movement  inculcates  militarism  finds  justi- 
fication in  the  fact  that  the  Scout  uniform 
somewhat  resembles  the  army  uniform.  If  so, 
such  inference  is  unreasonable,  because  the 
fact  that  two  things  may  be  somewhat  similar, 
is  no  indication  of  identitv.  Thus,  for 
example,  there  is  some  similarity  between  the 
bodies  of  some  monkeys  and  the  bodies  of 
some  men  (to  say  nothing  of  minds),  but  this 
does  not  bespeak  an  identity  of  being.  Again, 
the  same  monkeys  and  men  might  be  made  to 
still  more  resemble  one  another  by  being 
dressed  up  in  similar  uniform,  but  this  would 
not  make  the  two  orders  of  beings  a  whit 
closer  as  to  identity  of  being. 

It  may  be  further  possible  that  this  sup- 
posed militaristic  idea  arises  from  the  fact 
that  in  scouting  are  a  few  terms,  doubtlessly 
borrowed  from  military  parlance,  such  as 
"troop,"  "patrols,"  "semaphore,"  "bugle 
call, ' '  etc.  I  suspect,  however,  in  our  every 
day  life  we  constantly  use  even  more  terms 
borrowed  from  military  parlance,  and  use 
them  without  being  accused  of  militarism. 

Again  it  may  be  objected  that  because 
scouting  largely  owes  its  origin  to  Sir  Kobert 
S.  S.  Baden-PoAvell,  an  English  officer,  it  is 
a  "semi-military  organization"  (quoted 
words  from  Preuss's  Dictionarv  of  Secret  and 
Other  Societies)  ;  but  this  objection  is  with- 
out foundation.  The  fact  that  this  English- 
man was  an  officer  does  not  prove  that  the 
organization  which  he  founded  is  militaristic. 
St.  Ignatius  was  a  soldier,  but  the  order  of 
Jesuits  Avhich  he  founded  is  not  a  ' '  Kaiser- 
istic ' '   concern. 

As  far  as  youth/  and  militarism  are  con- 
cerned, I  believe  it  can,  Avith  justice,  be  main- 
tained that  ' '  scouting  ' '  could  profitably  in- 
clude a  feAV  military  features  in  its  activities, 
so  as  to  make  its  programme  more  attractive, 
and  convey  to  boys  a  f  cav  ideas  of  our  national 
army-  Avhich  most  assuredly  is  one  of  our 
country's  institutions.  But  this  phase  of  the 
subject  is  aside  from  our  present  purpose. 
I  confine  my  effort  to  shoAV  that  at  present 
the  Boy  Scout  Movement  of  America  is  not  a 
military,  or  even  a  ' '  semi-military ' '  organi- 
zation. The  movement  may  not  be  above 
criticism  in  other  respects,  but  in  all  candor 
I  am  constrained  to  state  that  I  cannot  see 
hoAV  anyone  AA'ho  has  made  a  study  of  this 
subject  can  seriously  maintain  that  the  Boy 
Scout  Movement  of  America  is  militaristic  in 
character. 
Louisville,  Ky.  (Eev.)    Jos.  A.  NcAvman 


474 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


November  15 


Catholic    Colored   Students   at   Lincoln   State 
University   of   Missouri 

Til    the    Ivlitor: 

In  your  first  of  Octolu'r  number,  first  paye, 
there  is  an  invitation  for  the  discussion  of  a 
"fair  and  timely  question."  It  is  about  higher 
education  of  Catholic  colored  people.  We  are 
told  that  only  two  Catholic  colleges  and  uni- 
versities, Fordham  and  the  University  of  De- 
troit, are  open  for  colored  people;  while 
"Harvard,  Yale,  Columbia,  Amherst,  Smith, 
Oberlin,  and  a  number  of  State  universities 
are  aceejDting  Negro  students.  They  are  not 
ruined  nor  are  they  losing  prestige"  by  such 
policy.  By  inference,  Catholic  colleges  fear 
such  a  consequence  if  they  admit  colored  boys 
and  girls. 

I  wondered  while  reading  that  comment,  if 
the  Catholics  of  Missouri  know  of  Lincoln 
University  for  colored  boys  and  girls,  a  State 
institution  of  Missouri  at  Jefferson  City,  main- 
tained by  State  taxes.  Catholic  colored  boys 
and  girls  have  no  choice  in  selecting  any  other 
in  this  State — there  may  be  a  rare  exception — 
where  they  can  get  a  higher  education.  The 
danger  to  their  faith  from  whafe  they  hear 
there  and  from  the  chapel  service  they  must 
attend  every  Sunday  evening  is  apparent  from 
actual  defections.  Some  pressure  was  brought 
to  bear  against  any  such  coercion  by  a  local 
organization  of  Catholic  ladies,  with  the  result 
that  it  was  to  be  left  optional  for  any  student 
not  a  Protestant  or  not  a  Christian  to  at- 
tend. As  a  matter  of  fact,  some  Catholic  boys 
and  girls  affiliated  themselves  with  the  domin- 
ant church  element.  Of  course  the.  Catholic 
students  can,  if  they  so  desire,  go  to  the 
Catholic  church  on  Sunday  morning.  They 
used  to  be  accompanied  by  a  chaperon.  But 
evening  service  is  not  available  for  them  ex- 
cept  the   chapel   service   above   noticed. 

Naturally  those  Catholic  colored  bovs  and 
girls  join  the  church  of  the  majority  because 
of  social  advantages.  In  constant  company  of 
an  entirely  Protestant  body,  they  seek  to  en- 
joy the  same  privileges.  For  this  institution, 
like  all  other  State  institutions,  is  to  all 
practical  intents  and  purposes  Protestant. 
The  Catholics  of  the  State  should  be  aroused 
to  a  sense  of  duty  of  helping  the  Catholic 
colored  people  to  a  higlier  education  without 
endangering  their  faith  in  the  search. 

The  State  School  Superintendent,  Lee, 
promised  to  make  conditions  for  Catholics  at 
the  Lincoln  T^niversity  more  agreeable.  What 
is  to  1k'  deprecated  is  discrimination.  If 
Catholics  remember  that  the  taxes  they  pay 
into  the  public  school  fund  entitle  them  to 
a  hearing,  they  will  understand  the  reason- 
ableness of  the  demand  that  no  detriment 
come  to  the  faith  of  their  co-religionists  at 
those  institutions.  To  be  fair  to  all  con- 
cerned, the  Catholics  should  study  conditions 
in  our  State  institutions.  Proselytizing  should 
be  proscribed.  When  will  the  Catholics  of 
the  State  lift  their  minds  above  the  horizon 'of 
their  local  environment? 
Jefferson  Citv,  'Mo.  (I\ev.)   Jos.  Selinger 


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THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 
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1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


475 


MATTERS  LITURGICAL 

The    Collectio    Rerum    Liturgicarum    of 
Rev.  Joseph  Wuest,   C.  SS.  R. 


Translated   and   Revised   by 
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From  a  Fellow-Editor 

To  the  Editor:  — 

In  discussing  Lafayette  and  Freemasonry 
in  your  issue  of  October  1,  Father  Lenhart 
says:  "Lafayette  has  been  quoted  as  saying 
that  Washington  gave  his  confidence  to  no 
general  unless  he  knew  him  to  be  a  Mason.' ' 

As  showing  that  Washington  was  not, 
during  the  Revolutionary  War,  so  good  a  Ma- 
son as  this  would  indicate,  we  have  his  declara- 
tion later  in  life  that  he  had  not  been  in  a 
Masonic  lodge  more  than  once  or  twice  in 
thirty  years.  The  occasion  for  this  declara- 
tion was  the  receipt  of  a  book  from  the  Eev. 
G.  W.  Snyder  of  Maryland,  a  Protestant 
minister,  native  of  Heidelberg,  who  feared 
that  the  doctrines  of  the  lUuminati  W'ould  be 
spread  through  the  Masonic  lodges  of  the 
United  States.  Mr.  Snyder  was  the  author  of 
a  book,  Proofs  of  a  Conspiracy,  etc.,  em- 
bodying his  views  of  Dr.  Weishaupt's  organ- 
ization and  related  topics.  In  a  letter  to 
Snyder,  Washington,  under  date  of  September 
25,  1798,  said  that  in  addition  to  thanking 
the  author  for  the  book,  he  was  writing  ' '  to 
correct  an  error  you  have  run  into  of  my 
presiding  over  the  English  lodges  in  this 
country.  The  fact  is,  I  preside  over  none,  nor 
have  I  been  in  one  more  than  once  or  twice 
within  the  last  thirty  years."  (Writings  of 
Washington,  ed.  Sparks,  XI,  315). 

Thirty  years  from  1798  would  run  back  to 
1768,  years  before  Washington  came  into 
command  of  the  patriot  army.  It  is  difficult 
to  reconcile  this  explicit  statement  Avith  the 
attitude  attributed  to  Washington  by 
Lafayette. 

But  what  I  really  wanted  to  write  you  about 
was  the  statement  of  a  correspondent  in  your 
current  issue  that  the  N.  C.  W.  C.  News 
Service  is  commonly  regarded  in  Washington 
as  "a  propaganda  bureau  because  the  matter 
it  sends  out  to  the  Catholic  press  is  not  pure 
news  but  very  largely  opinion. ' ' 

To  say  that  the  service  is  a  mere  propa- 
ganda bureau  is  to  say  that  the  Catholic 
weekly  press  which  subscribes  for  the  service 
is  directed  by  a  lot  of  morons.  But  after  all 
there  are  a  number  of  fairly  intelligent  men, 
priests  and  lajTnen,  editing  Catholic  weeklies 
in  this  country.  Besides  being  a  reflection  on 
the  intelligence  of  the  editors  the  statement 
is  a  reflection  on  the  honesty  and  good  faith 
of  the  bishops  who  are  connected  with  this 
work.  An  extreme  statement  such  as  your 
correspondent  makes  carries  its  ovm  refuta- 
tion ;  apparently  it  is  dictated  by  ' '  spleen 
and  sour  disdain, ' '  as  Pope  would  say,  and 
not  by  a  desire  to  be  helpful. 

It  is  true,  the  service  sends  out  opinion, 
but  it  is  plainly  marked  as  opinion.  It  is  true 
also  that  news  matter  sent  out  is  at  times 
tendential,  but  that  is  true  of  every  news 
service  and  will  continue  to  be  true  while  news 
is  written  by  human  beings. 
Portland,  Ore.  John  P.  O'Hara 

Editor  Catholic  Sentinel 


476 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


Xovember  15 


BOOK  REVIEWS 


An  Important  Book  on  Korea 

Anthropologists  and  ethnologists  have  often 
admitted  the  great  debt  which  their  respective 
sciences  owe  to  the  scholarly  investigations  of 
Catholic  missionaries.  Without  the  aid  of  the 
latter,  many  a  promising  field  of  research 
among  primitive  peoples  could  not  have  been 
opened  or  successfully  cultivated.  It  is  not 
only  in  the  domain  of  linguistics  that  the 
missionaries  have  done  valiant  work, — fre- 
quently they  published  the  first  grammar  and 
dictionary  of  the  tribe  among  which  they 
labored; — but  they  also  took  part  in  archae- 
ologic  exploration  and  have  preserved  many 
a  priceless  relic  from  the  hands  of  vandals 
and  curiosity  hunters. 

Since  the  late  War  original  contributions 
of  Catholic  missionaries  to  the  allied  sciences 
of  Comparative  Religion  and  Ethnology  have 
appeared  in  several  languages.  It  seems  that 
the  War,  which  proved  so  disastrous  to  mis- 
sionary enterprise  in  many  regions,  had  its 
compensating  feature  in  alloAving  some  of  our 
heralds  of  the  Gospel  to  retire  to  their  study 
and  give  us  the  scientific  fruits  of  their  long- 
labors  in  foreign  lands. 

We  do  not  hesitate  to  say  that  "Im  Lande 
der  Morgenstille — Reiseerinnerungen  an  Korea 
von  Dr.  Xorbert  Weber,  0.  S.  B.,  Erzabt  von 
St.  Ottilien, ' '  now  in  its  second  edition,  is  one 
of  the  most  interesting  and  valuable  publica- 
tions that  have  appeared  on  that  country. 
Korea  is  much  in  the  public  eye  of  late  on 
account  of  its  conflicts  and  rivalries  with 
Japan.  The  easy  conversational  style  of  the 
narrative  makes  the  reading  of  this  sumptuous 
volume  a  pleasure.  Teachers  will  be  especially 
interested  in  its  contents. 

The  magnificent  illustrations  will  gain  many 
friends  for  this  book.  There  are  twenty-four 
colored  plates  (from  original  photographs  of 
the  author),  twenty-eight  full  page  pictures, 
and  290  other  representations  of  Korean  life, 
scenery,  and  customs.  It  is  a  marvel  how, 
with  this  superb  wealth  of  colored  pictures, 
the  book — a  real  PracMausgaie — can  be  sold 
at  the  moderate  price  of  four  dollars.  (B. 
Herder  Book  Co.)  A.  M. 

Literary  Briefs 

— In  a  massive  volume  in  large  8vo,  ' '  Die 
hi.  ]\ragda]ena  Sophie  Barat  und  ihre  Stif- 
tung"  (Freiburg:  Herder  &  Co.)  an  anony- 
mous author  tells  in  considerable  detail  the 
wonderful  story  of  the  foundress  of  the  So- 
ciety of  the  Sacred  Heart,  whose  canoniza- 
tion was  celebrated  this  year.  Gifted  with 
keen  intelligence,  deep  humility,  a  kindly  hu- 
mor, noble  generosity,  and  good  judgment, 
her  life  is  full  of  human  interest,  for  she 
was  one  of  those  chosen  to  do  a  great  work 
in  the  turmoil  succeeding  the  French  Revolu- 
tion. Bishop  von  Keppler  contributes  a  re- 
markable preface. 


Church   Beizaars,    Festivals,    etc. 

Church  Institutions  liave  been  buying  our 
goods  with  perfect  satisfaction  for  over 
thirty  years.  This  is  because  we  carry 
a  large  selection  of  merchandise  especial- 
ly suitable  for  such  purposes  at  un- 
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This  large  catalogue  free 
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committees. 

We  can  refer  to  hundreds 
of  Catholic  Churches. 
Our   Catalog — 
A  Buyer's  Guide 

N.  SHURE  CO.,  Chicago 

Wholesale  Merchandise 


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Annual  subscription  price  $2.00. 

Address : 

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— ' '  Charity 's  Reward ' '  is  the  name  of  a 
one-act  play  for  male  and  female  characters, 
composed  by  Joseph  P.  Brentano  and  pub- 
lished by  the  Catholic  Dramatic  Company, 
of  Brooten,  Minn.  This  organization  has  been 
created  by  the  Rev.  M.  Helfen  for  the  pur- 
pose of  publishmg  good  Catholic  plays  at  the 
lowest  feasible  price,  in  order  to  make  it 
possible  for  even  small  and  poor  parishes  to 
stage  plays  that  conform  to  Catholic  ideals. 
The  Company  has  a  list  of  English  and  Ger- 
man plays  which  it  will  send  on  application. 

— ' '  Der  Kleine  Herder ' '  is  something  new 
in  the  line  of  reference  works: — a  general 
Catholic  encyclopedia  in  two  moderate-sized 
octavo  volumes.  Vol.  I,  which  has  lately 
reached  us,  comprises  the  letters  A  to  K.  The 
book  is  set  in  small  but  legible  type  and  is 
necessarily  very  condensed.  The  point  of 
view  is  Catholic.  The  various  articles  are 
elucidated  by  maps  and  illustrations.  As  the 
'  *  Kleine  Herder ' '  does  not  neglect  American 
subjects,  it  will  no  doubt  be  found  useful  also 
in  this  country,  where  the  art  of  "boiling 
down' '  is  so  highly  appreciated.  We  have 
nothing  like  it  in  our  reference  literature. 
(B.  Herder  Book  Co.) 

— The  first  volume  of  a  new  "  Theologia 
Fundamentalis"  by  Fr.  Herman  Dieckmann, 
S.  J.,  just  published  by  Herder  &  Co.,  of 
Freiburg  i.  B.,  is  entitled  ' '  De  Ecclesia ' '  and 
deals  in  two  parts,  first,  "De  Regno  Dei," 
and  secondly,  ' '  De  Constitutione  Ecclesiae. " 
The  reasons  for  this  rather  unusual  division 
are  satisfactorily  explained  in  the  introduc- 
tion. The  tieatise  itself  is  very  thorough, 
complete,  and  up-to-date.  The  second  volume 
is  to  treat  "De  Magisterio  Ecclesiae."  The 
first  is,  however,  complete  in  itself  and  has 
its  own  alphabetical  "Index  Nominum  et  Re- 
rum.  ' '  It  can  be  cordially  recommended  to 
all  who  are  able  to  use  a  Latin  text-book  of 
this  kind. 

— Father  Martin  J.  Scott,  S.  J.,  in  his 
usual  incisive  and  convincing  style,  states  the 
case  for  ' '  The  Virgin  Birth ' '  of  Jesus  Christ 
in  the  first  chapter  of  his  new  book  bearing 
that  title,  and  in  the  following  chapters  deals 
with  such  other,  partly  cognate  apologetic 
subjects  as  Miracles,  Evolution,  the  Person- 
ality of  Christ,  His  Resurrection,  Authority, 
etc.  The  chapters  are  loosely  strung  together, 
which  detracts  from  the  value  of  the  book  as 
a  treatise,  though  each  chapter  is  Avell  written 
and  contains  valuable  material  in  defense  of 
the  essentials  of  Christianity  against  the 
Modernists.      (P.   J.    Kenedy  &   Sons). 

— "A  Daily  Thought  from  St.  Augustine," 
selected  from  his  writings  by  an  English 
Canoness  Regular,  is  designed  to  provide  the 
reader  with  suggestions  from  the  rich  and 
helpful  teachings  of  this  great  Doctor  of  the 
Church.  Th©  selection  has  been  well  made, 
and  the  little  volume  is  neatly  gotten  up.  Our 
only  regret  is  that  ' '  chapter  and  verse ' '  are 


478 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


November  15 


not    given    for    the    quotations.       (B.    Herder 
Book  Co.) 

—"All  the  Year  Round"  is  "a  child's 
calendar  of  patron  saints  in  rhyme,"  by  Sis- 
ter ]\I.  Emmanuel,  O.  S.  B.,  attractively  il- 
lustrated by  Sister  M.  de  Sales,  of  the  Sisters 
of  Merej^  The  object  is  to  make  saints'  lives 
accessible  and  attractive  to  children.  Some  of 
the  legends  are  taken  from  the  Breviary,  the 
rest  from  other  sources.  (B.  Herder  Book 
Co.) 

— While  the  making  of  sermon  books  seems 
to  have  no  end,  short  sermons  on  the  Sunday 
Epistles  are  sufficiently  rare  to  warrant  the 
publication  of  "The  Armor  of  Light,"  by 
the  Rev.  J.  J.  Burke,  of  Peoria,  111.,  a  col- 
lection of  five  or  six  minute  sermons  for  low 
mass.  Each  sermon  is  divided  into  two  points 
and  can  easily  be  extended  to  fifteen  or  twenty 
minutes,  or  one  point  can  be  used  as  a  three 
minute  sermon.  The  Avriter  has  "aimed  at 
expressing  religious  truths  with  brevity  and 
clearness, ' '  and  he  has  succeeded  in  his  en- 
deavor, so  that  his  book  can  be  heartily  rec- 
ommended to  tlie  reverend  clergy.  (B.  Herder 
Book  Co.) 

— '  *  Charity  and  Our  Three  Vows,' '  by  the 
Rev.  Owen  A.  Hill,  S.  J.,  is  a  collection  of 
' '  spiritual  conferences  for  religious. ' '  There 
are  thirty-six  conferences  in  all, — two  on  faith 
and  hope ;  eighteen  on  charity,  with  St.  Paul 's 
First  Epistle  to  the  Corinthians  as  a  text- 
book; three  on  the  Immaculate  Conception  of 
Our  Lady,  her  Purification,  and  the  Epiphany ; 
three  on  Lenten  topics ;  three  on  mental 
prayer,  with  the  Spiritual  Exercises  of  St. 
Ignatius  as  a  text;  and,  finally,  seven  on  the 
three  vows  of  religion:  poverty,  chastity,  and 
obedience.  The  author  is  a  master  of  the 
spiritual  life  and  writes  with  a  sincerity  and 
an  earnestness  that  beget  conviction.  The 
book  can  be  warmly  recommended  to  religious. 
(B.  Herder  Book  Co.) 

— It  is  a  unique  event  in  the  history  of 
theological  literature  that  a  Latin  sermon 
book  comprising  ten  large  volumes,  written 
during  the  Thirty  Years'  War  by  a  German 
Jesuit,  has  been  re-issued  five  times  in  succes- 
sion by  an  Italian  publisher  since  1879.  The 
work  in  question  is  the  ' '  Condones  in  Evan- 
gelia  et  Festa  Totius  Anni"  of  Father 
Matthias  Faber,  S.  J.,  which  had  previously 
been  printed  in  Ingolstadt,  Cracow,  Antwerp, 
Cologne,  and  Paris.  The  author  was  born  in 
Bavaria  in  1587,  studied  theology  in  Rome, 
returned  to  Germany  in  1611,  served  26  years 
as  pastor  in  different  parishes  of  the  dioceses 
of  Passau  and  Eichstadt,  entered  the  Society 
of  Jesus  at  Vienna  in  1637,  and  died  in  Hun- 
gary in  1653.  His  sermons  owe  their  con- 
tinued and  international  popularity  to  their 
wealth  of  ideas  and  their  objective  tone.  The 
Turin  edition,  of  which  this  is  the  fifth  re- 
print,  has  combined  Faber 's   original   "Opus 


LIBELLUS     CANTICORUM 


Select    Chants 


fi 


the 


Graduate    and    Antiphonale 

(Vatican  Edition) 

Gregorian    Notation    with 
Rhythmical    Signs 

Masses : 

"De  Angelis" 
"Cum  Jubilo" 
"Orbis  Factor" 

Missa  pro  Defunctis 
Vespers : 

Sunday 

Bl.   Virgin   Mary 

Compline 
Miscellaneous  Chsuits 

Bound  in  cloth  $0.50 

J.   Fischer    &    Bro. 

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Churches,    Rectories,    Schools, 
Convents  and  Institutions. 

If    you    contemplate    the    erection    of    a 
building  write  us  for  information. 

Ludewig  &  Dreisoerner 

ARCHITECTS 
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SAINT   LOUIS,   MO. 

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Inc. 

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Makers   of   Highest   Grades   ot 

Church  Candles 

Branch  Office 

405    North  Main  Street 

St.  Louis,  Mo. 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


479 


Tripartitum"  organically  Avith  his  "Auctii- 
arium  Operis  Tripartiti, "  published  at  Graz 
in  1646,  thus  offering  about  fifteen  sermons 
for  every  Sunday  of  the  year.  Volumes  VII, 
VIII,  and  IX  contain  sermons  on  the  holy- 
days;  Vol.  X  wedding  and  funeral  addresses. 
(Turin:    Marietti). 

— ' '  The  Science  of  Prayer, ' '  by  Ludovie 
de  Besse,  0.  S.  F.  C.  (Benziger  Bros.),  deals 
principally  with  what  the  author  calls  ' '  the 
prayer  of  faith, ' '  a  form  of  devotion  which, 
he  maintains  with  St.  John  of  the  Cross,  St. 
Francis  de  Sales,  and  St.  Jane  de  Chantal, 
is  in  many  cases  the  normal  outcome  of 
fidelity  to  the  ordinary  and  common  forms  of 
mental  prayer. 

— ' '  Pamela 's  Legacy, ' '  by  Marion  Ames 
Taggart  (Benziger  Bros.),  continues  the 
story  of  "The  Dearest  Girl."  "  Pam"  finds 
that  being  a  millionairess  is  not  all  limousines 
and  bridge  parties;  but  through  her  varied 
experiences  she  remains  the  same  unspoiled, 
generous,  level-headed,  and  lovable  girl.  To- 
wards the  end  of  the  story  there  is  a  delicate 
hint  of  an  incipient  romance,  which  Avill  no 
doubt  form  the  subject  of  Miss  Taggart 's 
next  novel. 

— "The  Angels — Good  and  Bad,"  by  the 
Rev.  Frederick  A.  Houck,  author  of  ' '  Our 
Palace  Wonderful"  and  several  other  books, 
is  a  popular  angelology,  written  for  the  nur- 
pose  of  imparting  to  the  laity  some  practical 
knowledge  of  the  influence  which  the  angels 
exercise  on  man.  The  author  relies  mainly  on 
St.  Thomas,  whom  he  frecjuently  cpiotes.  The 
volume  has  but  one  (extrinsic)  defect,  namely, 
that  of  appearing  somewhat  ' '  padded. ' ' 
(B.  Herder  Book  Co.) 


New  Books   Received 

The  Catholic  Sick  Boam.  By  James  F. 
Splaine,  S.  J.  32  pp.  16nio.  New  York: 
The  Paulist  Press.  5  cts. ;  $3.50  per  100; 
carriage   extra.      (Pamphlet). 

Homiletic  Sermonettes  on  the  Gospels  of  the 
Sundays  of  the  Ecclesiastical  Year.  With 
Stories  Taken  from  the  Lives  of  Saints. 
By  the  Rev.  Frederick  A.  Renter,  xii  & 
337  pp.    12mo.     B.  Herder  Book  Co.  $2  net. 

The  Hill  People.  Chronicles  of  an  Insular 
Community  by  Helen  Moriarty.  vi  &  268 
pp.     12mo.  B.  Herder  Book  Co.  $1.75  net. 

Der  hi.  AJfons  Rodriguez,  Laieiibruder  der 
Gesellsohaft  Jesu.  Eine  Bliite  spanischer 
Mystik.  Von  Matthias  Dietz,  S.  J.  Auf 
Grund  des  spanischen  Werkes  von  P.  Casa- 
nuova,  S.  J.  Mit  3  Tafeln.  viii  &  116  pp. 
12mo.     Herder  &  Co.  $1  net. 

Fundamentals  of  Catholic  Belief.  Bv  Rev. 
John  F.  Sullivan,  D.  D.  xviii  &  299  pp. 
8vo.  New  York:  P.  J.  Kenedy  &  Sons. 
$2.15  postpaid. 

Mirage.  A  Novel  by  Inez  Specking.  223  pp. 
12mo.  Benziger  Bros.    $1.50  net. 


Seelische  Ursachen  und  Behandlung  der  Ner- 
venleiden.  Von  Dr.  Ignaz  Erhard.  vi  & 
82  pp.    Herder  &  Co.     75  cts.    net. 

Politische  Geheimverhande.  Blicke  in  die  Ver- 
gangenheit  und  Gegenwart  des  Geheim- 
bundwesens  von  Dr.  Franz  Schweyer.  vi 
&  229  pp.  large  8vo.  Herder  &  Co.  $1.85 
net. 

Betrothment  and  Marriage.  A  Canonical  and 
Theological  Treatise  with  Notices  on 
History  and  Canon  Law.  By  Canon  A.  De 
Smet.  Second  Edition.  Vol.  II.  Revised 
Throughout,  Brought  into  Conformity  with 
the  New  Code  of  Canon  Law,  and  Greatly 
Enlarged  by  the  Author.  Translated  from 
the  Third  Latin  Edition  by  the  Rev.  A. 
Owens,  S.  J.  viii  &  375  pp.  8vo.  Chas. 
Beyaert  and  B.  Herder  Book  Co.  $2.50  net. 

The  Eucharistic  Cloclc  and  the  Canon  of  the 
Mass.  By  the  Rev.  Anthonv  Linneweber, 
O.  F.  M.  31  pp.  32mo.  San  Francisco,  Cal. : 
St.  Boniface  Monastery,  133  Golden  Gate 
Ave.      (Wrapper). 

Doctrine  of  the  Church  on  Secret  Societies. 
By  Rev.  John  J.  Graham ;  Secret  Societies — 
Old  and  Neic.  By  Rev.  Wm.  B.  Hannon. 
16  pp.  16mo.  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.:  Inter- 
national Catholic  Trutli  Society.  5  cents. 
(Wrapper). 

Stranded  on  Long  Bar.  By  Henry  S. 
Spalding,  S.  J.  190  pp.  12nio.  Benziger 
Bros.     $1  net. 

The  Church  and  Labor.  Address  Delivered 
bv  Rev.  J.  C.  Harrington,  St.  Paul 
Seminary,  to  the  43rd  Convention  of  the 
Minnesota  Federation  of  Labor.  15  pp. 
12mo.  St.  Paul,  Minn.:  Minnesota  State 
Federation    of    Labor.       (Paper).      . 

FOR  SALE:  A  splendid,  electric  action,  pipe 
organ,  of  sixteen  stops,  two  manual  and 
pedal,  modern  in  every  detail,  eight  years 
old,  and  in  perfect  condition.  Detached  Con- 
sole, modern  pedal.  Oak  case.  Space  re- 
cjuired  about  ten  feet  deep,  twelve  to  thir- 
teen feet  wide,  and  sixteen  feet  high,  in  front. 
This  organ  is  excellent  in  tonal  development. 
A  true  Church  organ  will  be  erected  within 
a  radius  of  three  hundred  miles,  for  the  sum 
of  thirty  eight  hundred  dollars.  For  terms 
and  time  of  delivery  address  undersigned. 
Must  move  to  make  place  for  a  large  sym- 
phonic pipe  organ,  imported  from  Europe. 
ADOLPH   B.   SUESS, 

1314  Lynch  Ave.,  East  St.  Louis,  Illinois. 

WANTED,  position  by  a  young  Catholic" 
organist,  n)arried.  Studied  and  graduated  un- 
der the  late  Prof.  J.  Singenberger.  Have  had 
two  years'  experience  in  training  children's, 
men's,  and  mixed  choirs.  Can  also  teach  pipe 
oigan,  piano,  reed  instruments,  and  harmonr. 
Would  prefer  a  place  where  High  Mass  is 
sung  several  times  a  week.  Address  X.  Y.  Z., 
c/o  Fortnightly  Review. 


480 


THE  rORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


November  15 


A  SPRINKLE  OF  SPICE 

A    Letter 

To   the  Editor:  — 

The  whole  of  tlie  F.  E.  is  delightful,  but  I 
unist  confess  that,  childlike,  I  first  turn  to 
' '  Sprinkle  of  Spice. ' '  More  than  once  your 
spicy  periods  have  recalled  for  me  a  story  once 
told  me  by  a  convert  priest. 

It  seems  that  a  shallow  inquirer  once  asked 
a  priest  if  there  were  any  blessing  in  the 
Catholic  Church  for  infidels,  heretics  and 
schismatics.  The  j)i'iest  answ'ered  that  there 
was,  and  on  being  asked  its  form  by  the 
surprised  questioner,  said:  "It  is  the  same  as 
the  blessing  for  the  incense  at  High  Mass: — 
Ah  illo  lienedicaris,  in  cujus  honor e  crema- 
heris. " 

This  story  so  delighted  an  old  F.  R.  fan 
and  friend  of  mine,  that  I  make  bold  to  send 
it  to  you,  that  others  of  his  type  and  mine  may 
enjoy  it  also.  You  see,  I  presume,  and  com- 
pliment myself  in  doing  so,  that  all  F.  R. 
readers  are  of  a  slightly  higher  intellectual 
type  than  ordinary  readers, — at  least,  they 
know  a  little  Latin. 
Englewood,  N.  J.  (Rev.)  Walter  E.  Doud 


The  popular  belief  that  all  possible  jokes 
about  woman  and  her  inability  to  understand 
the  mysteries  of  a  checking  account  at  the 
bank  had  been  already  told  has  just  been  dis- 
covered to  be  untrue.  The  higher  education 
of  women,  flavored  with  a  dash  of  Darwinism, 
seems  to  be  to  blame  this  time.  It  appears 
that  a  London  matron,  Mrs.  Brown,  had  just 
been  provided  wdth  a  bank  account.  On  the 
first  occasion  when  she  went  to  make  a  deposit, 
she  came  to  the  word  '  *  specie  "  on  the  deposit 
slip.  She  considered  for  a  moment  and  then 
entered  against  it — ' '  Female ' ' ! 


An  Irishman  in  Chicago  bought  a  second- 
hand automobile.  Starting  for  home,  he  ar- 
rived at  a  corner  where  another  Irishman  Avas 
traffic  cop.  Just  before  the  second-hand  car 
reached  the  crossing,  the  Irish  traffic  cop  held 
up  his  hand.  In  attempting  to  stop  his  car, 
our  friend  made  the  mistake  of  stepping  on 
the  accelerator  instead  of  the  brake.  The  car 
darted  forward  and  butted  a  big  limousine. 
There  was  a  crash  of  plate  glass,  a  stream  of 
gasoline  from  the  punctured  gas  tank,  and 
confusion.  The  traffic  cop  came  over  to  the 
offending  automobile  and,  taking  a  lead  pencil 
and  notebook  from  his  pocket,  demanded : 

"Where  did  you  learn  to  drive  an  auto- 
mobile? ' ' 

"Sure,  and  it  don't  look  like  I  had 
learned. ' ' 

"What   is   your   name?" 

' '  Tim  O'Keef  e. ' ' 

* '  Where  are  ye  from  ? ' ' 

' '  County  Claire,  Ireland. ' ' 

The  traffic  cop  closed  the  notebook,  pocket- 
ed the  pencil,  and  enquired,  ' '  0  'Keef  e,  how 
the  devil  did  that  fellow-  come  to  bump  into 
vou?" 


JUST  PUBLISHED 

CHARITY 

AND 

OUR  THREE  VOWS 

OR 

SPIRITUAL    CONFERENCES 

FOR  RELIGIOUS 

BY 

OWEN  A.  HILL,  S.  J. 

Cloth,   8vo.,   VIII  and   375   pages, 
net    $2.00 

These  Conferences  or  half-hour  talks 
were  originally  addresed  to  Sisters  of 
Charity.  Naturaly  enough,  the  theolog- 
ical virtue  constituting  the  very  name  of 
these  good  Sisters,  and  distinguishing 
tlieni  from  other  groups  of  religious  wo- 
emn  in  the  Church  of  God,  claimed  first 
attention,  got  abundant  notice,  and 
covers  the  larger  part  of  the  work. 

Charity  is  twofold,  love  of  God,  and 
love  of  the  neighbor  for  God's  sweet 
sake,  and  these  two  departments  of  char- 
ity are  carefully  studied  in  successive 
consideration.  Charity  in  superiors,  char- 
ity in  subjects  and  charity  among  equals 
are  some  of  the  fruitful  topics  discussed. 
St.  Paul  is  the  theologian  of  charity,  as 
St.  John  is  ite  preacher;  and  the  thir- 
teenth chapter  of  his  First  Epistle  to  the 
Corinthians  is  God's  last  word  on  the 
subject,  impressing  the  mind  of  the  de- 
vout reader  with  that  sense  of  solemnity 
attaching  to  word  from  God.  Charity's 
superiority  over  all  the  other  virtues,  its 
efficacy  as  a  promoter  of  patience  and 
kindness,  and  as  a  corrective  of  envy, 
pride,  ambition  and  anger,  are  some  of 
its  surpassing  qualities,  urged  in  turn  by 
St.  Paul,  and  discussed  at  some  length  in 
this   work.  ' 

Next  to  charity,  in  point  of  importance 
come  the  Three  Vows,  the  very  substance 
of  the  religious  life,  and  its  crowning 
glory.  After  a  general  study  of  all  three 
together  in  as  many  Conferences,  prog- 
ress is  made  in  three  separate  Confer- 
ences  to  each  of  the  three   in  particular. 

Though  intended  primarily  for  reli- 
gious, these  Conferences  can  well  serve 
to  increase  and  encourage  the  piety  and 
fervor  of  people  in  the  world.  One  of 
the  blessed  purposes  of  religious  life  in 
our  Church  is  to  furnish  the  faithful  with 
models  of  heroism  in  the  practice  of 
virtue;  and  devout  souls  in  the  world  can 
avail  themselves  of  no  more  alluring  in- 
centive to  growth  in  holiness  than  inti- 
mate acquaintance  with  the  strenuous 
efforts  towards  sanctity  made  by  their 
brothers  and  sisters  in  the  monastery,  the 
convent  and   cloister. 


B.  Herder  Book  Co. 

17    South    Broadway,         St.    Louis,   Mo. 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


481 


JKtrr  ^0«r  (Hlfwrtlf  att^  ^clj^ffl! 


l^liia  JHasterpiete  of  I0orkmansl]ip  UjUI  drcatb  ^hi  ia  tljc  3^g  '^^  '^ouv  ^etrttice! 


No.  5.  Christmas  Manger.  The  stable  is  of 
ancient  appearing,  durable  construction.  The 
straw  roof  rests  on  strong  supports.  The  rear 
wall  of  the  stable  shows  an  oriental  scene. 
An  Angel  with  a  trumpet  is  above  the  Man- 
ger. 

Properly  illuminated,  this  presentation  of 
the  Birth  of  Christ  will  make  a  lasting  im- 
pression on  every  one.  A  great  enjoyment 
for  young  and  old. 


The  16  figures  are:  Mary,  Joseph,  the 
Christchild  in  the  manger,  the  angel  above 
it,  4  shepherds,  6  sheep,  the  ox,  and  the 
ass.  The  largest  figure  is  12  inches  high. 
The  dimensions  of  the  stable  and  platform 
are,  length,  40  inches;  depth,  16  inches;  height, 
24    inches. 

Price    $40.00 


No.  HI-1.  Christmas  Manger.  The  stable 
has  a  straw  roof,  and  the  sides  are  decorated 
with  fir-branches,  and  the  height  is  8  inches. 
With  it  are  27  figures,  up  to  S^^  inches  high, 
finished  artistically  in  natural  colors.  They 
include  the  Holy  Family  with  the  Child  in 
the  manger,  the  Wise  Men,  several  sheep, 
other  animals,  etc.  Packed  in  wooden  box, 
1014x6   inches    in    size.      Price,   $5.00,   postpaid. 


#cnb  ^ant  aviu  for  t{\t  ubabt  at  tl|e  earliest  poaatble  bate  anb  tnclast  moneg-orber. 


4S2  TIIK   FORTNIGHTLY   IfEVIKVv  DccchiIxt  1 

WHAT   FIVE    HUNDRED    DOLLARS    WILL   DO 

SIX  PKR  CKNT  AND  AUSOLITK    SECURITY 
ON     FIRST     MORTGAGE     NOTES     FROM     iSoOO     UP 

Every  Inveator  has  always  received  every  dollar  of  Principal  and  Interest  on  loans  bought  through  our 
company.  All  loans  secured  by  well-located  improved  income-property.  Monthly  Sinking  Fund  provides  for 
gradual  retirement  of  the  debt  and  makes  repayment  of  principal  and  interest  a  certainty. 

DESCRIPTIVE      BOOKLET      OX      REQUEST 

CHOUTEAU    TRUST    COMPANY 

CHOUTEAU,  HEMP  AND  VANDEVENTER  AVENUES 

L.  W.   HEMP.  PRESIDENT  S.  L.  ST.  JEAN,  SECRETARY-TREASLRER  J.   W.  >VESTON,  VicE-PRES. 


THE  GRAYMOOR  SHRINE  OF  ST.  ANTHONY 


PERPETUAL    NOVENA    TO    THE    WONDER-WORKER    OF    PADUA. 


■'The  Sea  obeys  and  fetters  break. 

And   lifeless  limbs   thou  dost  restore. 
Whilst   treasures   lost   are    found   again, 

When  young   or   old   thine   aid   implore." 

These  words  composed  by  St.  Bonaventure,  a  contemporary  of  St. 

Anthony  of  Padua,   have  been  echoed  by  millions  of   Catholics  during 

the  past  seven  hundred  years  out  of  the  conviction  confirmed  by  their 

(Authentic  likeness)        own  experience  of  the  wonder-working  power  of  St.  Anthony  of  Padua. 

It   would  be   difficult  to   find  a   Catholic   Church   in   the  United    States   that   does   not 

contain  a   Statue   of   St.   Anthony.     But  the   best   known    Shrine   of   the    Saint    in   America 

is  probably  that  of  the  Graymoor  Friars  on  the  Mount  of  the  Atonement. 

By  participating  in  the  Perpetual  Novena  of  St.  Anthony  conducted  by  the  Gray- 
moor Fathers — a  new  Novena  beginning  every  Tuesday — thousands  upon  thousands  of 
the  Clients  of  the  Wonder-Worker  of  Padua  have  obtained   their  petitions. 

The  Readers  of  Fortnightly  Review  are  invited  to  follow  their  example  and  test 
for  themselves  the  efficacy  of  this  special  Novena. 

SOME   RECENT  TESTIMONIALS. 


Mrs.  J.  H.  B..  Alberta:  "A  few  weeks  ago 
my  eldest  son  wrote  to  you  asking  your 
prayers  that  he  might  obtain  a  position 
through  St.  Anthony's  intercession.  He 
obtained  one  very  soon  after,  in  spite  of 
the  fact  that  positions  are  scarce  and  there 
are  so  many  unemployed.  And  it  is  so 
suitable  to  him.  He  is  ready  for  the 
University  but  we  had  not  the  means  to 
send  him.  Now  he  can  pay  his  own  way. 
He  and  all  of  us  are  deeply  grateful  to 
dear  St.  Anthony  for  obtaining  this  bless- 
ing   for   us    from    Our   Dear   Lord." 

Minneapolis,  Minn.:  "Enclosed  find  my 
check  for  Five  Dollars,  which  I  promised 
St.  Anthony  for  a  favor  that  I  thought 
next  to  impossible.  Through  the  Good 
Saint's  intercession  I  received  exactly  what 


I  desired,  and  much  more  than  I  hoped 
for.  Needless  to  say.  I  am  very,  very 
grateful." 

Mrs.  M.  E.  H.,  Balto.,  Md. :  "Enclosed 
find  offering  in  honor  of  St.  Anthony  for 
favors  granted.  I  thank  you  for  your 
prayers  for  my  husband  in  your  Perpetual 
Novena,  as  he  has  not  touched  a  drink 
for  six  months,  and  I  hope  he  will  stav 
away  from  it  for  life." 

Mrs.  F.  O.,  Kentucky.:  "I  promised  Five 
Dollars  for  the  St.  Anthony  Burse  and 
publication  if  my  request  was  granted, 
namely,  the  averting  of  a  law-suit.  As 
the  favor  was  obtained,  I  enclose  my  check, 
and  hope  the  publication  of  the  favor  mav 
encourage  others  who  need  similar  help 
from    Heaven." 


SEND    YOUR    PETITIONS    TO    ST.    ANTHONY'S    GRAYMOOR    SHRINE, 
FRIARS  OF  THE  ATONEMENT,  BOX  316,   PEEKSKILL,   NEW  YORK. 


Jury  Warrants  Cashed  Bell,  Main  1242 

SEA  FOODS  IN  SEASON 


J.  B.  SCHUMACKER 


418  Market  Street 


ST.  LOUIS,  MO. 


Victor  J.  Klutho 

Architect  and 
Superintendent 

Churches,  Schools,  and  Institutioiu 

Syndicate  Trust  Building 
Tenth  and  Olive  Streets 
Saint    Louis,  Missouri 

Illinois  Licensed  Engineer 


The  Fortnightly  Review 


VOL.  XXXII,  Xo.  23 


ST.  LOUIS,  MISSOURI 


Decemljer  1st,  1925 


CHRONICLE  AND  COMMENT 


A  Remarkable  Jubilee 

Last  month  St.  Proeopius  Parish,  of 
Chicago,  celebrated  its  golden  jubilee. 
Its  first  pastor  was  the  Rev.  AVilliam 
Choka,  who  died  as  vicar-general  of 
the  diocese  of  Omaha.  In  1885  the 
Benedictine  Fathers  assumed  charge. 
The  parish  became  one  of  the  largest 
Bohemian  parishes  of  the  United  States. 
St.  Proeopius  Abbey  was  established 
here  and  through  its  priests  and 
through  the  many  papers  (among 
them  a  daily)  which  it  publishes,  it 
has  been  a  very  strong  influence  for 
good  among  the  Czech  Catholics.  St. 
Proeopius  has  given  to  the  church  21 
priests,  4  lay  Brothers,  and  50  Sisters. 
During  the  fifty  years  there  were 
40,455  baptisms,  5,154  marriages,  9,220 
funerals,  and  about  39,490  children  at- 
tended the  parish  school.  Two  former 
pastors  were  appointed  abbots. 

Since  1915  the  abbey  and  college  are 
in  Lisle,  Illinois.  The  abbey  has  at 
present  50  priests,  13  clerics,  2  choir 
novices,  32  lay  brothers,  and  4  lay 
novices. 

The  first  monks  of  St.  Proeopius 
came  to  Chicago  from  St.  Vincent's 
Archabbe3^,Beatty,  Pa.,  being  sent  there 
by  Archabbot  Boniface  Wimmer  of 
blessed  memory. 

St.  Proeopius  was  also  influential  in 
the  establishment  of  a  Bohemian  Bene- 
dictine convent  and  of  a  Bohemian  or- 
phanage. 

This  is  surely  a  remarkable  record 
for  such  a  comparativeh^  short  period 
of  years. 

Masonry     Tending     to     Become     the 
Universal  Religion  of  Mankind 

In  a  brochure  which  is  a  reprint 
from  the  Historisch  Tijdschrifi  of  Til- 
burg,  Holland  (April,  1924),  the  Rev. 


Herman  Gruber,  S.  J.,  our  leading 
authority  on  all  matters  pertaining 
to  Freemasonry,  discusses  the  mutual 
relations  exi.sting  between  Freemason- 
ry in  England  and  America  on  the  one 
liand,  and  in  the  Latin  countries  of 
Europe  on  the  other  since  1921.  These 
relations  are  growing  more  intimate 
from  year  to  year  and  professedly 
aim  at  substituting  Freemasonry  for 
"Clericalism,"  i.  e.,  the  Catholic 
Church,  in  the  life  of  nations.  Bro. 
Ernest  Horneffer,  one  of  the  leaders 
of  German  Masonry,  describes  the 
Lodge  as  "in  very  truth  the  best  hu- 
manitarian universal  religion.'"  Its 
providential  role,  he  says,  is  "to  take  the 
place  of  Catholicism,  which,  under  the. 
influence  of  the  Je.'^uits,  is  degenerating 
into  an  iu'-urable  moral  (or,  more  cor- 
rectly, immoral  despotism  I"" 

Father  Gruber  enters  into  a  some- 
what extended  criticism  of  this  and 
similar  utterances.  H^  -^hows  that  the 
fundamental  principle  of  Freemasonry 
is  the  doctrine  of  the  intellectual  and 
moral  autonomy  of  man,  as  condemned 
by  Leo  XIII  in  his  famous  encyclical 
"Humanum  genus,"  and  that  this 
principle,  if  carried  into  practice,  far 
from  regenerating  the  human  race, 
would  necessarily  lead  to  hopeless  an- 
archy. The  boasted  "tolerance"  of 
Masonry,  he  further  points  out,  is  a 
sham  because  it  excludes  the  Church 
of  Christ. 

It  will  be  news  to  not  a  few  readers 
that  Nietzsche's  doctrine  of  the  "super- 
man" can  be  traced  to  the  Constitu- 
tions of  English  Freemasonry,  from 
the  original  edition  of  which  (London, 
1723)  Fr.  Gruber  quotes  the  following 
lines :  "As  men  from  brutes  dis- 
tinguish'd  are,  a  Mason  other  men 
excels." 


484 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


December  1 


Character    Building    and    the    Small 
College 

The  t^aturdmj  Evening  Post  lately 
published  an  appeal  under  the  head- 
ing, "Strengthen  the  Small  College," 
which,  rather  than  the  big  university, 
is  the  backbone  of  higher  education  in 
the  U.  S.  We  quote  a  paragraph  or 
two : 

"Tlie  very  limitations  of  the  small 
institution  preserve  it  from  the  danger 
of  becoming  unwieldy,  topheavy,  or 
over-extended.  What  it  lacks  in  plant 
it  makes  up  for  in  personnel.  Its  very 
smallness  encourages  individuality 
rather  than  standardization.  The  hu- 
man contacts  are  closer.  Men  play  a 
larger  and  freer  part.  They  are  not 
overwhelmed  by  rules,  buildings,  over- 
wide  choice  of  courses,  complex  social 
life  and  over-elaborate  administration. 
There  is  as  much  to  be  said  for  the 
simple  life  in  education  as  in  the  world 
at  large.  In  all  essentials  a  college 
is  merely  a  group  of  teachers  and 
learners.  A  dozen  3'oung  men  gath- 
ered in  a  shady  place  might  be  the 
kernel  of  an  institution  of  the  sound- 
est learning,  if  only  a  Plato  sat  in  their 
midst. 

"Associated  with  the  large  univer- 
sities are  great  and  learned  men  by 
the  score ;  but  as  students  multiply, 
their  work  must  become  more  an'd 
more  executive  in  its  nature.  They 
must  distribute  their  courses  among 
more  subordinates  and  suffer  their  own 
personalities  to  be  diluted  by  those  of 
their  assistants.  Whether  they  will  or 
no,  they  must  face  the  problems  of 
mass  production." 

The  Post  points  to  a  real  difficulty 
which  is  beginning  to  make  itself  felt 
in  the  great  universities  with  their 
thousands  of  students.  The  personal 
touch,  the  direct  influence  of  teacher 
upon  student,  is  lacking.  This  lack 
may  not  be  so  greatly  felt  in  the  case 
of  graduate  or  special  professional 
courses,  Avhich  are  taken  by  students 
who  have  had  their  general  education 
under  the  direct  touch  and  influence 
of  teachers  whose  energies  were  not 
distributed  over  several  thousands  of 
students.  But  a  university  which  is 
faced  with  "the  problems  of  mass  pro- 


duction," to  use  the  Post's  phrase,  is 
at  a  certain  disadvantage  as  compared 
with  the  smaller  college  in  respect  of 
the  most  vital  thing  which  enters  into 
the  education  of  young  men, — namely, 
character-building  under  the  direct  in- 
fluence and  supervision  of  teachers  who 
are  well  fitted  to  do  that  delicate  and 
essential  work. 

Neo-Pelagiemism 

' '  Sir,  you  are  a  Pelagain  ! ! "  How 
astonished  the  ordinary  man  in  the 
street  would  be  if  he  were  thus  ad- 
dressed !  Yet  the  statement  would  be 
true,  according  to  Fr.  Vassall-Phillips, 
C.  SS.  R.,  who  knows  what  Pelagianism 
is  and  also  knows  better  than  most  of 
us  what  the  average  person  really 
thinks  about  religion. 

"Wlien  we  are  on  a  railway  journey 
it  is  curious  to  reflect  that  almost 
everybody  we  meet — our  fellow-pas- 
sengers, the  porter  who  looks  after  our 
luggage,  the  collector  who  clips  our 
ticket,  the  stokers  and  guard  on  the 
train,  the  young  lady  in  the  restaurant 
who  gives  us  a  cup  of  tea,  the  lad 
who  sells  us  a  newspaper — are,  if  they 
knew  it.  Pelagians  at  heart." 

Of  course,  they  do  not  know  it.  Few, 
indeed,  would  claim  even  an  acquaint- 
ance with  the  name  of  Pelagius.But  Fr. 
Yassall-Phillips  declares  that  nine  out  of 
ten  modern  Englishmen  would  accept 
the  doctrine  of  the  ancient  heretic  as 
indisputable  truth :  that  there  was  no 
Fall  of  man  in  Adam ;  that  Baptism 
is  useless,  and  that  there  is  no  necessity 
for  interior  grace  to  enable  a  man  to 
please  God  and  obtain  eternal  life. 
Tliis  mental  attitude  is  not  incom- 
patible with  a  vague  but  sincere  respect 
for  Christianit.v  as  a  moral  system,  and 
a  deep  veneration  for  its  Divine  Found- 
er. It  begets  indifference  rather  than 
antagonism,  and  establishes  the  natural 
in  the  place  that  belongs  by  right  to 
the  supernatural.  It  is  a  fair-weatlier 
creed ;  while  prosperity  lasts  it  is  not 
conspicuously  at  fault.  But  in  the 
realities  of  sin  and  suffering  it  gives  no 
help,  affords  no  solace.  It  supplies 
no  clue  to  the  mystery  of  life,  and 
creates  a  barrier  between  the  soul  and 
eternal  things,  shutting  off  that  "hope 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEA^EW 


485 


of  the  Gospel"  without  which  man  is 
and  must  ever  be  miserable  indeed. 

Our  older  readers  may  recall  the  late 
Msgr.  Joseph  Schroeder's  thesis  that 
Neo-Pelagianism  is  the  principal  here- 


sy of  our  age,  and  the  indignant  pro- 
tests with  which  the  statement  was  re- 
ceived. Perhaps  the  eminent  English 
Eedemptorist  will  be  listened  to  with 
greater  respect. 


EVOLUTION   IN   THE   LIGHT   OF   GEOLOGY 

With  Special  Reference  to  Dr.   Barry  O'TooIe's   "The  Case  Against 

Evolution" 

By  the  Rev.  Stephen  Richarz,  S.  V.  D.,  Professor  of  Geology, 
St.   Mary's   Mission   House,    Techny,    Illinois 

In  our  Xo.  19  we  quoted  briefly  a  Catholic  professor  of  geology's  opinion  on  Dr.  Barry 
O'TooIe's  book,  "The  Case  Against  Evolution."  The  quotation  was  from  a  letter  not  really 
intended  for  publication,  but  as  the  opinion  created  a  good  deal  of  discussion  and  caused 
some  resentment  among  friends  of  Dr.  O 'Toole,  who  is  himself  at  present  in  China,  we  asked 
the  Professor  in  question,  Eev.  Father  Stephen  Eicharz,  S.  V.  D.,  for  a  criticism  of  Dr. 
O'TooIe's  book  from  the  geologist's  standpoint.  This  he  has  written,  and  we  print  the  first 
portion  of  it  today.  It  only  remains  to  add  that  Fr.  Eicharz  made  geology  his  special  study 
during  four  years  at  the  Universities  of  Vienna  and  Munich  and  obtained  his  doctorate  at 
the  latter  institution  on  the  strengh  of  a  tliesis  in  that  science.  He  has  furthermore  studied 
and  taught  geology  for  twenty  years  and  contributed  to  geological  journals  a  number  of  im- 
portant papers  based  on  original  researcli.  We  know  of  no  Catholic  writer  in  America  better 
qualified  to  express  an  opinion  on  this  particular  aspect  of  Dr.   O'TooIe's  book. — Editor. 


In  the  chapter,  "Fossil  Pedigrees,'" 
Dr.  0  'Toole  plainly  states  the  salient 
point  of  the  argument  in  favor  of  evo- 
lution. "The  lower  sedimentary 
rocks,','  he  says,  "contain  specimens 
of  organic  life  very  unlike  modern 
species,  but  the  higher  Ave  ascend  in  the 
geological  strata,  the  more  closely  do 
the  fossil  forms  resemble  our  present 
organisms.  In  fact,  the  closeness  of 
resemblance  is  directly  proportional  to 
the  proximity  in  time,  and  this  seems 
to  create  a  presumption  that  the  later 
forms  of  life  are  the  modified  descend- 
ants of  the  earlier  forms.  Considered 
in  the  abstract,  at  least  such  an  ar- 
gument is  obviousl}"  more  formidable 
than  the  purely  anatomical  argument 
based  on  degrees  of  structural  affinity 
observable  in  contemporarv  forms" 
(p.  66). 

That  is  indeed  the  cardinal  point. 
In  anatomical  and  biological  arguments 
one  may  object  that  resemblance  does 
not  prove  descendance ;  but  if  there 
is  a  succession  of  graduallv  changing 


organisms,  then  it  has  to  be  explained 
liow  the  new  forms  originated  and  why 
the  immediately  succeeding  forms  so 
closely  resemble  one  another.  There 
seems  to  be  but  one  alternative :  either 
there  was  a  destruction  of  the  old 
forms  followed  by  a  creation  of  new 
forms,  or  a  transformation  took  place 
of  one  organism  into  another.  (The 
assumption  of  the  origin  of  new  forms 
from  dead  matter,  i.  e.,  a  continuous 
"generatio  aequivoca,''  would  be  so 
unscientific  that  it  can  safely  be  dis- 
regarded.) 

Dr.  0 'Toole  says:  "It  is  rather  dif- 
ficult to  conceive  of  a  creator  as  con- 
tinually blotting  out,  and  rewriting, 
the  history  of  creation,  as  ruthlessly 
exterminating  the  organisms  of  one 
age,  only  to  repopulate  the  earth  sub- 
sequently with  species  differing  but 
little  from  their  extinct  predecessors" 
(p.  67).  Mark  especially  the  last  part 
of  the  sentence:  "repopulate  the  earth 
subsequently  with  species  dift'ering  but 
little  from  their  extinct  predecessors,'" 
which  is  of  paramount  importance  in 


486 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REA^EW 


December  1 


this  argument.  "In  fact,"  adds 
0 'Toole  in  another  place,  ''the  abrupt 
and  capricious  insertion  of  a  new 
creation  into  an  order  already  consti- 
tuted   would  be  out  of  harmony 

with  both  reason  and  revelation.  Un- 
less there  is  a  positive  reason  for  sup- 
posing the  contrary,  we  must  presume 
that,  subsequent  to  the  primordial 
constitution  of  things,  the  divine  in- 
fluence upon  the  world  has  been  con- 
current rather  than  revolutionizing" 
(p.  72).  "We  find  the  theory  of  trans- 
formism  asserting  its  superiority 
over  the  theory  of  immuta- 
bility, on  the  ground  that  evolu- 
tionism can  furnish  a  natural  expla- 
nation for  the  gradational  distribu- 
tion of  fossil  types  in  the  geological 
strata,  whereas  the  theory  of  perman- 
ence resorts,  it  is  said,  to  a  supernat- 
uralism  of  reiterated  'new  creations' 
alternating  with  'catastrophic  exter- 
minations. '  Now,  if  this  claim  is  valid, 
and  it  can  be  shown  conclusively  that 
fixism  is  inevitably  committed  to  a 
postulate  of  superfluously  numerous 
'creations,'  then  the  latter  is  shorn  of 
all  right  to  consideration"   (p.  67)^ 

These  statements  bring  out  the  ques- 
tion at  issue  very  plainly.  But  Dr. 
0 'Toole  tries  to  invalidate  the  logical 
consequences  of  this  statement  by  at- 
tacking "the  cardinal  dogma  of 
paleontology''  concerning  the  unim- 
peachable time-value  of  index  fossils 
as  age-markers"  (p.  96).  Indeed,  if 
it  could  be  shown  conclusively,  that  the 
fossils  are  without  value  for  the  de- 
termination of  the  succession  of  the 
geologic  formations,  we  would  have  a 
clear  ' '  case  against  evolution, ' '  and  the 
whole  system  of  evolution  would  tumble 
down,  for  such  an  argument  would 
take  away  the  very  foundations  of  the 
edifice  and  would  be  more  fatal  to 
evolutionism  than  all  difficulties  which 
can  be  brought  against  it  from  paleon- 
tology as  well  as  from  biology. 

Dr.  0 'Toole  here  follows  the  author 
of  "The  New  Geology,"  George  Mc- 
Creadj^  Price.  Price  writes  (I  quote 
from  his  book)  :  "There  is  no  possible 
way  to  prove  that  the  Cretaceous  dino- 
saurs were  not  contemporary  with  the 
late    Tertiary    mammals ;    no    evidence 


whatever  that  the  trilobites  [Paleozoic] 
were  not  living  in  one  part  of  the  ocean 
at  the  very  same  time  that  the  am- 
monites [Mesozoic]  and  the  nummu- 
lites  [Cenozoic]  were  living  in  other 
parts  of  the  ocean ;  and  no  proof  what- 
ever that  all  these  marine  forms  were 
not  contemporary  alike  with  the  dino- 
saurs and  mammals"  (pp.  676-677. 
AVords  included  within  square  brack- 
ets were  added  by  the  writer). 

Upon  hearing  such  staggering  as- 
sertions one  is  inclined  to  ask  for  the 
previous  training  and  geologic  achieve- 
ments of  a  man  who  with  such  tre- 
mendous audacity  opposes  the  unan- 
imous opinion  of  all  geologists  in  the 
whole  world  and  who  absolutely 
denies  the  value  of  the  work  of  hun- 
dreds of  serious  and  able  scientists  who 
devoted  their  whole  life  to  the  con- 
struction of  the  present  paleontologic 
system,  recording  the  sequence  of  fossils 
in  geologic  history.  This  considera- 
tion should,  at  least,  caution  us  against 
the  too  ready  acceptance  of  such  revo- 
lutionary views.  But  of  much  greater 
importance  is  the  uncovering  of  the 
fallacies  of  his  argument. 

If  one  takes  a  boat  ride  on  Lake 
Lucerne  in  Switzerland  one  has  a 
chance  of  observing  a  magnificent 
geologic  phenomenon  as  soon  as  one 
approaches  the  southermost  end  of  the 
lake  (Lake  Uri).  On  the  eastern 
shoreline  one  sees  limestones  arranged 
in  banks,  folded  and  twisted  in  a  fan- 
tastic way ;  the  folds  are  over-turned 
so  that  the  upper  layers  may  be  at 
the  bottom.  "Walking  back  on  the 
wonderful  Axenstrasse,  one  finds  that 
the  limestones  rest  on  sandstone,  shale 
and  conglomerates  (Nagelfluh).  These 
do  not  take  part  in  the  distortions  of 
the  limestones;  being  slightly  inclined 
southward,  the}"  soon  disappear  from 
sight  at  the  end  of  the  lake,  whereas 
northward  they  rise  ever  higher  above 
the  lake  level,  until  they  wholly  com- 
pose the  mountains,  e.  g.,  the  Rigi.  At 
various  places  close  by  it  can  be  clearly 
seen  that  the  same  rocks  are  no  more 
below  but  above  the  limestone,  con- 
taining many  boulders  and  rounded 
pebbles  of  the  latter.  Thus  it  is  evi- 
dent that  the  limestones  are  the  older. 


1925 


THE  FOETXIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


487 


the  Nagelfluh  the  younger  formation, 
although  at  the  Axenstrasse  the  lime- 
stone seems  to  be  younger.  And  it 
is  to  be  emphasized  that  this  result  can 
be  obtained  without  regard  to  the  fos- 
sils contained  in  the  strata,  and  no 
one  can  call  such  observed  facts  a  re- 
construction made  by  evolutionists  in 
favor  of  their  theory.  Geologists  call 
this  phenomenon  overthrust.  The 
respective  formations  were  originally 
deposited  in  the  sequence  still  visible 
at  many  places,  namely,  the  Nagelfluh 
of  Tertiary-  age  above  the  Mesozoic 
limestones,  and  later  on,  the  mountain- 
building  forces  elevated  the  lower  and 
older  formation  and  occasionally  shift- 
ed its  limestones  above  the  younger 
conglomerates.  Therefore,  the  fossils 
contained  in  both  formations,  at  the 
Axenstrasse  and  all  other  places  where 
the  overthrust  took  place,  are  in  the 
"wrong  order,"  but  only  because  they 
were  brought  into  "wrong  order"  by 
dynamic  forces.  Nobody  was  ever  so 
foolish  as  to  assert  that  the  organisms 
buried  in  the  Tertiary  Nagelfluh  lived 
before  the  organisms  whose  remnants 
are  contained  in  the  Mesozoic  lime- 
stones. That  would  be  against  all  facts 
observed  in  neighboring  localities. 

Now  such  overthrusts  are  very  com- 
mon in  the  Alps.  Traveling  up  the 
Rhine  valley  (Vorderrhein)  from 
Chur  to  Ilanz,  they  can  be  observed 
with  great  clearness  in  the  mountains 
on  the  left  side  of  the  river.  A  sharp 
line  separates  the  top  from  the  base. 
It  is  the  overthrust  plain,  over  which 
the  upper  parts  of  the  mountains  were 
shifted.  The  best  exposure  is  to  be 
observed  at  the  Tschingelhorner.  It 
can  also  be  seen  here  that  the  moun- 
tain tops  are  the  older  formations,  of 
late  Palaeozoic  or  early  Mesozoic  age. 
The  same  formation  lies  in  the  valley 
on  the  bottom  and  above  it  Mesozoic 
and  Tertiary  deposits  in  normal  posi- 
tion, which,  in  their  turn,  are  over- 
ridden, as  described,  by  the  older 
formation.  Originally,  the  latter 
must  have  been  deposited  at  a  distant 
place,  then  shifted  for  some  miles  to 
the  present  ^ite.  Here  again  we  find 
the  fossils  in  the  "wrong  order,"  but 
even  a  beginner  in  geology  knows  that 


this  reversal  of  the  order  is  due  to 
dynamic  processes  and  not  to  original 
deposits.  Here,  too,  the  reversal  was 
not  reconstructed  by  evolutionists,  but 
the  study  of  the  stratigraphy  of  the 
surroundings  makes  such  a  conclusion 
imperative.  And  here,  too,  as  at  the 
Axenstrasse,  the  sharp  line  of  division 
cutting  across  the  strata  and  the  non- 
conformity of  the  lower  and  upper 
parts  of  the  mountains  {i.  e.,  the  lack 
of  parallelity)  forbid  the  assumption 
of  a  deposition  in  the  present  sequence, 
whereas  the  separating  line  is  every- 
where accompanied  by  dynamic  in- 
fluences :  the  plane  of  motion  is  pol- 
ished, rocks  below  and  above  the  plane 
are  crushed  and  distorted. 

The  above  examples  could  be  in- 
creased ;  the  Alps  swarm,  as  it  were, 
with  similar  overthrusts.  The  same 
phenomena  have  been  studied,  in  even 
greater  detail,  in  coal  mines.  Here 
the  research  is  facilitated  by  exposures 
to  great  depth  and  by  the  easy  recog- 
nizability  of  the  various  coal  seams. 
The  Ruhr  Basin  in  Germany  is  fa- 
mous for  overthrusts  and  the  accom- 
panying phenomena.  The  separating 
line  is  very  sharp  and,  on  accovmt  of 
the  overthrusts,  the  same  coal  seam 
may  occasionally  occur  several  times 
in  the  same  cross-section,  one  part 
above  the  other.  In  our  own  Alle- 
ghenies,  similar  overthrusts  have  been 
known  for  many  years.  Even  more 
conspicuous  for  this  sort  of  structure 
are  the  Rocky  Mountains,  mostly  in 
Montana  and  in  the  adjoining  province 
of  Alberta,  Canada.  For  many  miles 
Paleozoic  or  even  older  strata  rest  on 
Cretaceous  rocks.  This  is  precisely  the 
area  which  Mr.  Price  alleges  as  an  ex- 
ample of  fossils  in  the  "wrong  order" 
and  he  concludes,  with  regard  to  this 
place,  that  "the  old  notion  about  the 
exact  and  invariable  order  of  the  fos- 
sils has  to  be  given  up  entirely." 
(0 'Toole,  p.  108).  Even  if  Mr.  Price 
never  saw  these  overthrusts,  as  a  writer 
on  geologic  questions  he  ought  to  know 
the  profile  sections  of  the  surveying 
geologists  representing  the  actual  po- 
sitions of  these  formations,  and  he 
ought  to  be  aware  that  the  underlying 
Cretaceous  rocks  and  the  upper  Paleo- 


488 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


Dec-ember  1 


zoic  or  Precambriaii  deposits  are  separ- 
ated by  a  pronounced  fault  line  which 
cuts  otf  the  Cretaceous  layers.  Evi- 
dently the  "wrong  order"  of  fossils  is 
caused  by  dynamic  factors  and  has 
no  bearing  at  all  on  the  order  in  which 
the  organisms  lived,  because  these 
dynamical  processes  took  place  after 
the  fossils  were  buried  in  the  rocks. 

As  a  rule,  in  overthrusts  the  in- 
conformity  of  the  rock  masses  above 
and  below  the  fault  line  can  be  easily 
observed.  But  there  are  a  few  in- 
stances mentioned  in  geologic  litera- 
ture in  which  both  parts  seem  to  be 
conformable.  Dr.  0 'Toole  cites  such 
an  example  studied  by  R.  G.  McCon- 
nell  from  the  Geological  Survey  of 
Canada  (p.  108).  In  the  Bow  River 
Gap  Paleozoic  rocks  rest  on  Cretaceous 
shales  and  ' '  tlie  two  formations,  viewed 
from  the  valley,  appear  to  succeed  one 
another  conformably."  0 'Toole  re- 
marks: "Having  noted  that  the  under- 
lying Cretaceous  shales  are  'very  soft,' 
he  [Mc Council ]  adds  that  they  'have 
suffered  little  by  the  sliding  of  the 
limestones  over  them.'  "  (0 'Toole,  p. 
109).  Why  does  not  0  "Toole  (or 
Price)  quote  what  follows  in  McCon- 
nell's  report?  McConnell  writes: 
"The  Cretaceous  shales  are  very  soft 
and  doubtless  owe  their  immunity 
[i.  e.,  to  dynamical  action]  to  this 
fact.  It  is  otherwise  with  the  over- 
lying limestones,  which  have  been 
strongly  corrugated  in  many  places  and 
are  often  whitened  and  cracked  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  fault  plane"  (p.  34 
of  the  report  mentioned  by  0 Toole). 
Therefore,  "the  absence  of  recogni- 
zable inconformities,"  of  which  Mc- 
Connell speaks  on  page  40,  is  no  argu- 
ment against  the  overthrust,  the  latter 
being  sufficiently  testified  to  by  the 
dj^namical  influences.  The  incon- 
formity  may  be  explained  by  a  renewed 
folding  of  both  systems  together  after 
the  overthrust,  which  folding  process 
can  be  read  clearly  from  the  profiles 
of  the  entire  area  given  b,y  McConnell, 
although  in  tlie  Bow  River  Gap  "the 
fault  plane  is  nearly  horizontal."  Tlie 
soft  shales  then  adapted  themselves  to 
the  harder  limestones  and  caused  the 
impression  of  conformity.     I  am  con- 


vinced that  even  here  the  conformity 
is  not  complete,  and  a  detailed  study 
would    fincl    unconformable    positions. 

In  the  Montana  portion  of  the  same 
thrust  the  geologist  Willis  failed  to 
find,  after  a  careful  study,  the  con- 
formity advocated  by  Price  and  Dr. 
0  'Toole.  He  states  :  "As  regards  the 
structure  of  the  (Jretaceous  rocks,  it 
is  not  found  that  the  thrust  surface 
coincides  with  the  bedding."  (Bailey 
AVillis,  "Stratigraphy  and  Structure," 
Lewis  and  Livingstone,  Montana,  Bull. 
Geol.  Soc.  Am.  13,  1902,  p.  336). 

I  know  of  a  similar  instance  in  the 
Alps,  where  the  conformity  seemed  to 
be  so  complete  that  for  a  long  time  no- 
body thought  of  an  overthrust.  But 
at  present  the  latter  is  well  established 
with  accompanying  dynamical  action 
and  undoubtedle   inconformities. 

To  sum  up :  There  is  not  a  single 
instance  of  fossils  in  the  ' '  wrong 
order"  which  cannot  l)e  accounted  for 
by  overthrusts  or  overturned  folds,  and 
careful  study  in  the  field  shows  con- 
clusively that  such  disturbances  are, 
as  a  matter  of  fact,  always  the  cause 
of  the  "wrong  order."  It  is  false  to 
say  that  geologists  postulate  the  great 
overthrusts  in  order  "to  explain  away 
'wrong  seciuences'  of  fossils." 
(0  "Toole,  p.  107,  footnote).  Over- 
thrusts have  been  found  quite  inde- 
pendently from  fossils ;  they  can  be 
seen  even  in  Precambrian  formations, 
in  which  there  are  no  fossils  at  all. 
Thus  the  formidal)le  argument  of  Mr. 
Price  against  the  sequence  of  fossils, 
as  unanimously  accepted  by  all  geolo- 
gists, breaks  down  com])letely.  By 
such  phrases  as  "recent  discoveries,"" 
"quite  new,'"  Mr.  Price  can  deceive 
only  those  who  are  strangers  in  the 
science  of  geology.  Discoveries  made 
half  a  century  ago  cannot  be  said  to 
l3e  recent,  and  even  the  description 
of  the  Canadian  overthrusts,  just  re- 
ferred  to,   dates  liack  as  far  as   1886. 


THE  IMMACULATE  CONCEPTION 

By  Charles  J.  Quirk.  S.  J. 

Amid  the  valleys  of  this  exiled  world, 
Where  sin  and  misery  are  ever. hurled. 
Falls  like  the  sunshine  in  some  darkened  jjlaee, 
The  feckless  glory  of  thy  peerless  grace. 


1925  THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW  489 

Catholic  versus   Non-Catholic  Fraternal  Societies 


"We  have  over  300,000  Catliolies  in 
our  ranks,"  is  the  boast  of  one  of  our 
large  non-Catholie  fraternals.  Others, 
too,  boast  of  a  large  Catholic  member- 
ship.    Why  is  it; 

Catholic  fraternal  societies  are 
chartered  by  the  insurance  department 
and  are  governed  by  the  insurance 
laws  and  must,  therefore,  live  up  to 
the  strict  regulations  prescribed  by 
the  different  States.  In  other  words, 
when  a  Catholic  fraternal  society 
wishes  to  enter  a  State,  it  must  make 
application  just  like  any  other  fra- 
ternal society.  It  must  first  of  all  show 
itself  qualified  to  be  admitted  and,  sec- 
ondly, prove  that  it  is  willing  to  live 
up  to  the  statutes  governing  fraternal 
societies.  In  this  regard  it  is  in  ex- 
actly tlie  same  position  as  any  non- 
Catholic  fraternal  society,  but  in  every 
other  way  it  has  terrific  handicaps  to 
overcome  as  compared  with  non-Cath- 
olic societies.  AVhen  a  non-Catholic 
fraternal  society  has  secured  a  license 
to  do  business  in  a  State,  its  repre- 
sentatives enter  the  community  and 
begin  to  write  up  applications  for  new 
members.  There  are  no  restrictions 
as  to  the  religion  of  the  prospect.  The 
agents  may  approach  the  first  man 
or  woman  they  meet  on  the  street.  But 
the  Catholic  societ}^  after  it  has  com- 
plied with  all  the  legal  regulations  and 
has  secured  its  charter  and  license, 
must  first  of  all  secure  Catholic  repre- 
sentatives and  organizers.  These  or- 
ganizers can  approach  and  write  up 
for  membership  only  Catholic  men  and 
women,  and  to  do  this,  thej^  must  have 
the  good  will  of  the  pastor.  A  large 
percentage,  in  fact  the  majority  of 
our  pastors,  absolutely  refuse  even  to 
enter  into  a  discussion  with  a  fraternal 
society.  The  average  pastor  tells  the 
agent  that  he  has  societies  enough,  that 
there  are  too  many  societies  in  his  par- 
ish and  that  he  does  not  want  any  more. 
The  organizer,  being  out  of  luck,  must 
get  on  the  train  and  try  the  next  com- 
munity or  parish. 

It  has  been  preached  from  many  a 
pulpit  that  we  should  confine  affiliation 


to  societies  that  are  Catholic,  and  we 
often  hear  it  said  that  too  many  of  our 
people  join  non-Catholic  societies. 
There  is  one  large  fraternal  society  in 
the  United  States  that  boasts  of  having 
300,000  Catholic  members  in  its  ranks. 
Nearly  every  non-Catholic  fraternal  so- 
ciety that  is  not  directly  forbidden 
by  the  Church  has  a  percentage  of 
Catholic  members,  running  from  25  to 
40  per  cent.  Practically  all  these 
non- Catholic  societies  have  secret  rit- 
uals and  chaplains.  Religious  cere- 
mgnies  and  exercises  are  used  in  the 
conduct  of  meetings  and  especially  in 
the  initiation  of  new  members.  In  "so- 
cial affairs,"  of  which  they  all  have 
many,  there  is  a  constant  intermingling 
of  Catholic  boys  and  girls,  men  and 
Avomen,  and  if  a  survey  were  made, 
it  would  be  found  that  a  great  man}" 
mixed  marriages  can  be  traced  to  the 
non-Catholic  lodge  and  its  socials. 

AVhen  it  comes  to  selecting  life  in- 
surance in  a  fraternal  society.  Catho- 
lics have  as  varied  a  taste  as  non- 
Catholics.  To  one  this  feature  appeals, 
to  another  that.  Hence  the  statement 
that  is  oftentimes  made  that  we  have 
too  many  societies,  cannot  be  sub- 
stantiated. AVln'  some  of  our  pastors 
and  our  Catholic  people  feel  that  there 
should  be  just  one  Catholic  societ}-'  for 
all  Catholics  and  all  should  be  forced 
to  join  that  one  society,  the  writer 
could  never  understand.  Why  should 
not  Catholics  have  different  Catholic 
fraternal  societies  to  select  from? 
Until  recently  the  executive  officers  of 
non-Catholic  fraternals  have  been  labor- 
ing under  a  false  impression,  namely, 
that  every  Catholic  society  has  a  terri- 
tory pretty  much  all  its  own  and  in 
a  strict  Catholic  community  non-Cath- 
olie societies  have  no  chance,  for  the 
reason  that  the  clergy  cordially  sup- 
port   the   Catholic   societies. 

We  are  sorry  to  say  that  several  of 
the  larger  non-Catholic  fraternals  have 
discovered  that  Catholic  parishes  off'er  a 
fertile  field  for  their  propaganda.  They 
find  that  Catholic  societies  are  not  per- 
mitted to  organize  in  a  large  number 


490 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


December  1 


of  parishes,  especially  where  there  are 
several  competing  societies,  and  they 
know  that  here  is  a  chance  for  them, 
as  they  are  not  obliged  to  ask  the  pastor 
for  permission  to  organize  a  branch  in 
his  parish.  Their  agents  go  to  the 
homes  of  good  Catholic  people  and 
induce  different  members  of  the  family 
to  become  affiliated.  Oftentimes  their 
operations  do  not  come  to  the  notice 
of  the  pastor.  In  isolated  cases  pastors 
have  denounced  such  organizations 
from  the  pulpit— eff'ectively  in  some 
cases,  vainly  in  others. 

A  number  of  pastors  have  had  sad 
experiences,  especially  in  new  congre- 
gations ,•  having  refused  staunch,  tested 
Catholic  fraternals  permission  to 
operate,  they  found  that  the  majority 
of  their  people  joined  non-Catholic 
societies,  mixed  marriages  increased, 
children  were  sent  to  the  public  schools 
(we  do  not  believe  there  is  a  single 
non-Catholic  fraternal  that  will  boost 
the  parochial  school),  and  oftentimes, 
when  they  tried  to  organize  a  Catholic 
society  later,  they  found  too  many  dif- 
ficulties to  be  overcome  and  the  preju- 
dice against  Catholic  societies  too  deep- 
ly imbedded  in  the  hearts  of  the  parish- 
ioners. If  non-Catholic  fraternal  lead- 
ers knew  how  adverse  many  of  our 
pastors  are  to  our  own  societies,  they 
would  create  a  special  Catholic  depart- 
ment, put  Catholic  men  and  women  at 
the  head  of  it,  and  start  special  mem- 
bership campaigns  in  Catholic  parishes, 
for  a  more  fertile  field  does  not  exist 
for  such  organizations  than  in  Catholic 
parishes  where  the  pastor  does  not  per- 
mit Catholic  fraternal  insurance  so- 
cieties to  operate. 

We  do  not,  of  course,  expect  the 
clergy  and  the  bishops  to  become 
"boosters"  for  our  Catholic  fraternal 
societies.  There  is  not  a  Catholic  fra- 
ternal leader  who  would  suggest,  much 
less  expect,  a  pastor  to  announce  from 
the  pulpit  that  this  or  that  Catholic 
society  is  a  permanent,  financially 
strong  and  reliable  insurance  institu- 
tion. The  Catholic  fraternal  leaders 
are  mighty  glad  if  the  pastor  and  the 
bishops  take  the  trouble  to  investigate 
their  societies,  assure  themselves  that 
they  are  what  they  claim  to  be,  and 


lend  them  at  least  passive  encourage- 
ment, i.  e.,  let  the  people  know  that  the 
society  in  question  is  composed  of 
Catholic  men  and  women  (or  both,  as 
the  case  may  be)  and  that  its  record 
shows  that  it  is  worthy  of  consider- 
ation as  a  Catholic  societ}-,  leaving  the 
insurance  feature  aside  as  a  matter 
Avhich  each  parishioner  must  investigate 
and  decide  for  himself  or  herself. 

It  is  extremely  difficult  to  secure 
capable  Catholic  fraternal  life  insur- 
ance workers.  In  addition  to  the  many 
obstacles  to  be  overcome  in  the  regu- 
lar work  of  soliciting,  the  discourage- 
ment they  meet  with  on  the  part  of 
many  members  of  the  reverend  clergy 
and  the  hierarchy  is  so  disheartening 
that  they  lose  their  enthusiasm  after  a 
very  short  time,  quit  their  jobs,  and 
look  for  something  else  ;  oftentimes  they 
land  right  in  the  net  of  the  non-Cath- 
olic fraternal  society. 

Recently  a  fraternal  leader  compiled 
some  statistics  from  his  own  experience. 
He  had  talked  to  a  total  of  50  workers 
for  non-Catholic  fraternal  societies 
and  in  each  case  asked  the  question, 
to  what  religion  or  profession  he  or 
she  belonged.  He  was  astonished  to 
find  that  35  of  the  50  were  Catholics, 
and  of  these  35,  30  had  formerly 
worked  for  Catholic  societies,  but  quit 
on  account  of  the  many  disappoint- 
ments. 

This  is  just  a  little  side-light  on  a 
condition  the  seriousness  of  which  has 
apparently  not  yet  been  fully  realized. 
Staunch  and  tested  Catholic  societies, 
if  given  proper  encouragement,  m^U 
help  solve  many  of  our  social  problems, 
particularly  that  of  parochial  school 
education  and  divorce,  and  there  is 
not  a  Catholic  fraternal  leader  to-day 
who  does  not  feel  that  if  a  pastor  or 
a  bishop  cannot  give  positive  encour- 
agement, he  could  and  should  at  least 
take  a  neutral  stand  and  thereby  give 
the  Catholic  society  an  even  chance 
with  its  non-Catholic  competitor. 

While  it  is  true  that  some  fraternal 
societies  have  failed,  it  should  be  re- 
membered that  the  reason  of  their  fail- 
ure was  eagerness  to  furnish  life  in- 
surance below  cost,  and  that  on  the 
other   hand,    a    large    number    of    old 


1925 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


491 


line  companies  have  also  failed,  at 
least  40  during  the  last  20  years.  But 
of  this  more  later. 


Notes  and  Gleanings 


We  have  just  received  the  Report 
of  the  Proceedings  and  Addresses  of 
the  Twenty-second  Annual  Meeting  of 
the  Catholic  Educational  Association, 
held  at  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  June  29,  30, 
July  1,  2,  1925.  In  our  review  of  the 
proceedings  for  1924  we  called  attention 
to  the  fact  that  the  papers  and  discus- 
sions were  becoming  more  timely,  prac- 
tical, and  up-to-date  from  year  to  year. 
This  remark  is  borne  out  by  the  fine 
selection  of  papers  published  in  the 
present  volume.  A  wealth  of  educa- 
tional material,  'well  presented  and 
well  digested,  is  offered  to  the  reader 
of  this  Report.  The  papers  will  easily 
bear  comparison  with  those  published 
in  the  proceedings  of  other  educational 
societies  that  appeal  to  a  larger  clien- 
tele. We  have  reason  to  be  proud  of 
the  high  level  maintained  by  the  An- 
nual Reports  of  the  Association  dur- 
ing the  last  decade.  The  first  paper, 
on  "Vocational  Training,"  by  Rev. 
Francis  P.  Donnelly,  S.  J.,  has  been 
reprinted  and  hailed  as  a  lucid  treat- 
ment of  that  much  discussed  educa- 
tional problem.  The  two  papers, 
"Teaching  Religion  to  Adolescents," 
by  the  Rev.  Leigh  G.  Hubbell,  C.  S. 
C,  and  "The  Psychiatric  Study  of 
Conduct  Problems,"  b}^  the  Rev.  Albert 
Muntsch,  S.  J.,  have  entered  new  fields, 
and  were  listened  to  by  large  audiences 
at  last  summer's  meeting.  But  all  the 
papers  will  appeal  to  Catholic  teachers. 
(Ofiice  of  the  Secretary  General,  1651 
E.  Main  Str.,  Columbus,  0.) 

The  Franciscan  Wall  Calendar  for 
1926  (Franciscan  Herald  Press,  1434 
W.  51st  Str.,  Chicago,  111.)  will  prove 
an  ornament  to  any  Christian  home 
and,  in  addition,  a  source  of  much  use- 
ful information.  There  is  a  separate 
page  for  every  week  of  the  year,  con- 
taining the  feasts  and  fasts,  with  a 
short  extract  from  the  dicta  and  writ 
ings  of  St.  Francis  of  Assisi  for  each 
day.     The  feasts  of  obligation  and  the 


First  Fridays  are  printed  in  red  letters, 
the  days  of  fasting  and  abstinence 
are  marked  by  a  red  fish.  Quite  nat- 
urally the  calendar  gives  prominence 
to  Franciscan  saints  and  festivals,  and 
to  the  days  of  plenary  indulgence  and 
general  absolution.  Besides  the  fifty- 
two  weekly  pages  there  are  twelve  full- 
page  inserts  with  artistic  pictures  from 
the  life  of  the  "Poverello"  and  useful 
information  on  a  variety  of  topics. 
The  calendar  is  mailed  in  a  neat  fold- 
ing box  and  makes  an  inexpensive  and 
dignified  Christmas  gift  that  will  prove 
particularh'  acceptable  to  members  of 
the  three  l3ranches  of  the  Franciscan 
Order, 


With  the  permission  of  the  editor 
of  the  Fortnightly  Review,  Fr.  An- 
thony Linneweber,  0.  F.  M.,  has  re- 
printed from  this  magazine  in  the  form 
of  a  neat  booklet,  "The  Eucharistic 
Clock"  and  "The  Canon  of  the  Mass," 
the  former  written  by  a  Father  of  the 
Society  of  the  Divine  Word,  the  latter 
contributed  by  a  Jesuit.  The  booklet 
is  recommended  especially  to  priests, 
seminarians.  Brothers,  Sisters,  and  lay 
teachei-s  who  wish  to  make  thoughtless, 
worldly-minded  youths  feel  about  Holy 
Mass .  as  Cardinal  Newman  did  when 
he  wrote :  "To  me  nothing  is  so  con- 
soling, so  piercing,  so  thrilling,  so  over- 
coming as  the  Mass,  .said  as  it  is  among 
us.  I  could  attend  Masses  forever  and 
not  be  tired.  It  is  not  a  mere  form  of 
words, — it  is  a  great  action,  the  great- 
est action  that  can  be  on  earth."  The 
F.  R.  is  glad  to  see  these  two  important 
contributions  to  its  pages  made  acces- 
sible to  a  larger  public.  Copies  of  the 
booklet  can  be  ordered  from  Rev.  Fr. 
Anthony  at  St.  Boniface  Monastery, 
133  Golden  Gate  Ave.,  San  Francisco, 
Calif. 


Under  the  energetic  management  of 
the  Paulist  Fathers  of  New  York,  the 
Paulist  Press  is  helping  to  provide  our 
people  with  useful  pamphlets  on  sub- 
jects of  religious  and  controversial 
interest,  in  the  same  way  that  the 
Catholic  Truth  Society  of  England  has 
been  performing  that  laudable  work 
for  many  years.     A  large  number  of 


492 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


December  1 


Avell-written  and  timely  pamphlets, 
mostly  by  Paulist  Fathers,  are  now 
at  the  service  of  Catholic  and  non- 
Catholic  readers.  The  latest  batch  to 
come  to  us  includes  "The  Catholic  Sick 
Room,"  by  James  F.  Splaine,  S.  J. 
It  will  be  a  boon  to  Catholic  nurses, 
especially  to  those  who  are  working 
in  a  non-Catholic  environment  or  hos- 
pital. Another  brochure  on  a  subject 
that  still  excites  bitter  discussion  is 
"St.  Bartholomew's,  Day,  August  24, 
1572."  The  name  of  the  author.  Rev. 
Bertrand  L.  Conway,  C.  S.  P.,  is  a 
guarantee  of  wise  and  sane  treatment 
of  this  vexed  historical  topic.  (The 
Paulist  Press,  401  \V.  59th  Str.  New 
York  Citv.) 


Dom  Roger  Hudleston  has  re-edited, 
in  "The  Orchard  Books"  series,  Rich- 
ard AVhytford's  translation,  the  second 
English  version  to  be  printed,  of  the 
"Imitation  of  Christ."  It  was  pub- 
lished in  155(i  and  was  re-issued  in 
modern  spelling  in  1872.  It  is  claimed 
to  be  "in  style  and  feeling  the  finest 
rendering  into  English  of  the  famous 
original."  In  the  present  edition  the 
text  has  l)een  modernized  rather  more 
than  in  that  of  1872,  and  references 
to  the  Scripture  quotations  have  been 
added.      (Benziger  Bros.) 


In  order  to  maintain  good  health  one 
must  eat,  and  Dr.  James  J.  Walsh,  in 
his  latest  volume,  "Eating  and 
Health,"  tells  how,  when,  and  what 
to  eat.  He  pooh-poohs  dietary  fads 
and  says  that  what  is  needed  for  health 
and  good  digestion  is  not  over-solici- 
tous care  in  selecting  articles  of  food, 
but  outdoor  air,  exercise,  and  regular 
habits  of  life.  "Eat  what  you  care 
for,  be  sure  you  eat  enough  of  it,  and 
after  that  be  sure  that  you  do  not 
eat  too  much,"  seems  the  sum  and 
substance  of  the  philosophy  of  eating 
according  to  this  authoritv.  (Boston  : 
The  Stratford  Co.) 


P.  J.  Kenedy  &  Sons  have  issued  a 
popular  priced  edition  of  Mr.  John 
L.  Stoddard's  "Rebuilding  a  Lost 
Faith,"  which  has  made  such  a  wide 
appeal    to    educated    Christians.     Mr. 


Stoddard,  who  is  a  well-known  lecturer, 
was  a  child  of  Puritan  lineage,  who 
studied  for  tlie  Congregational  minis- 
try, but  lost  his  faith  and  adopted 
Rationalism  as  the  only  solution  of 
his  difficulties.  For  forty  years  he 
lived  the  life  of  an  agnostic  until  the 
horrors  of  the  World  War,  which  he 
witnessed  in  Europe,  brought  about  a 
revolution  of  his  spiritual  concepts 
which  led  him  into  the  Catholic  Church. 
The  work  is  lara-elv  controversial. 


Correspond 


ence 


Ma.sonry  During  the  War  cf  indapendencs 
To   the   Editor:  — 

In  liis  letter  of  Oct.  1,  re  affiliation  to 
Masonry  during  the  War  of  Independence, 
Father  Lenhart  seems  too  credulous  of  Masonic 
claims.  That  Washing-ton  could  have  initiated 
Lafayette  or  confided  in  ^lasonic  generals 
only,  is  irreconcilable  Avith  his  own  letter  of 
1798  stating  that  he  had  "not  been  in  a 
Lodge  more  than  once  or  twice  in  thirty 
years, ' '  and  with  his  close  and  continuous 
confidential  relations  Avith  General  Moylau 
and  Col.  Fitzgerald  (successively  his  private 
secretaries)  and  other  Catholics.  A  special 
article  in  the  New  Age  intended  to  demon- 
strate Washington's  devotion  to  ^Masonry 
could  find  only  one  entry  of  his  formal  at- 
tendance at  lodge  in  the  last  45  years  of  his 
life.  Peters'  "Masons  and  Makers  of  Amer- 
ica. ' '  is  an  unreliable  jjroduction. 

The  tenuous  Catholicity  of  not  a  few  of 
the  French  officers  precludes  surprise  at  their 
Masonic  connections;  but  affiliation  with 
American  Masonry  did  not  at  that  time  in- 
cur censure,  for  Archbishop  Carroll,  Avhile 
denouncing  the  bacchanalian  character  of  its 
meetings,  held  that  it  was  then  free  of  auti- 
Catholic  doctrine  or  intent,  and  therefore 
escaped  the  general  censure. 


TEACI 


The  CATECHISM? 

Write  for  free^OOkJet  iilustr at- 
■  ing- the  hew  Victor  Method. 

Victor  AiiimeUx)orapK  Go., 

324  N^Ctor  Blddi,  <.  Oavenport,Icwa 


Organist  and  Choir  Director  Wanted 

WANTED Organist  and  choir  direct- 
or of  liturgical  music.  Address,  St. 
Mary's   Church,    Sandusky,    Ohio. 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


493 


Praise  from  the 

Vatican's  Organist 

"I  wish  to  congratulate  you  on  the  magnificent  organ 
in  St.  John  Cantius  Church  in  Chicago,"  writes  Prof.  Renzi, 
the  official  organist  at  the  Vatican.  "The  tonal  qualities  are 
marvelous,  the  action  answers  every  need  of  modern  tech- 
nique. No  doubt  you  are  doing  Mother  Church  a  great 
service  in  furnishing  organs  of  such  quality  and  durability," 
he  continues. 

In  this  comment  we  find  rare  compensation  for  our 
seventy  five  years  of  effort  to  give  the  Church  perfection 
in  the  noblest  instrument  of  all. 

ST.    LOUIS,    MO. 


And  in  fact  the  early  English  ^Masonry 
that  then  obtained  in  America  was  harmless 
in  appearance  and  purpose  until  the  seed 
of  naturalism  in  its  charges  was  logically 
developed  in  the  multiple  ' '  illuminated "  and 
"Scottish''  rites  of  France  and  Germany. 
These  were  making  headway  here  at  the 
time  of  the  Carroll  and  Washington  pro- 
nouncements, though  neither  was  aware  of 
its  extent,  and  their  views  affecting  all  Amer- 
ican Masonry  soon  Ijrought  it  clearly  under 
the   general    condemnation. 

It  should  be  noted  that  the  Masonry  of 
that  period  was  innocuous  as  compared  Avith 
American  Masonry  today,  and  had  quite  a 
different  meaning,  as  Washington 's  letters 
make  evident.  This  Avill  explain  how  Com- 
modore Barry,  always  a  Catholic  in  good 
standing  and  so  earnest  that  he  converted 
his  successive  Protestant  wives,  could  be  a 
Mason.  Michael  Kenny,  S.  J. 

Spring  Hill  College,  Ala. 


Religious   Schools  the   Only   Solution 

To   the   Editor:  — 

Discussion  of  the  Scopes  Trial  in  Catholic 
papers  was  practically  all  one-sided,  with  the 
exception  of  an  occasional  paragraph  and  of 
the  articles  written  by  Benedict  Elder  of 
Louisville,  Ky.  On  former  occasions  the 
F.  R.  deplored  the  unanimity  Avith  which  cur- 
rent questions  are  treated  in  the  Catholic 
press.     In  this  case,  however,  we  need  hardly 


regret  that  one  side  was  almost  universally 
taken;  for  the  reasons  for  the  rejection  both  in 
principle  and  in  practice  of  this  unusual 
piece  of  legislation  are  overwhelmingly 
weighty.  But  we  do  regret  two  points  re- 
garding the  manner  in  which  this  subject 
was  handled. 

First  of  all,  there  Avas  little  or  no  alloAv- 
ance  made  in  the  Catholic  press  for  reasons 
Avhich  might  be  alleged  in  fav^or  of  the  law 
in  cjuestion.  Considered  in  themselves,  these 
arguments  are  neither  slight  nor  puerile,  as 
aj^pears  from  the  article  by  Benedict  Elder 
in  the  F.  R.  of   Sept.  1. 

A  second  point :  those  Avho  did  treat  the 
question  failed  to  make  clear  the  fact  that 
the  people  of  Tennessee  are  faced  by  a  serious 
problem,  for  the  solution  of  which  they  are 
ready  to  grasp  almost  any  means  at  hand. 
These  people  retain  belief  in  God  and  in 
Jesus  Christ,  and  cling  tenaciously  to  Avhat- 
ever  remnants  of  Christian  doctrine  they  have 
received  from  their  forefathers.  To  see  their 
sons  and  daughters  robbed  of  faith  and  trans- 
formed into  atheists,  materialists,  immoral 
unbelievers,  etc.,  is  a  matter  Avhicli  is  both 
serious  and  heartrending. 

To  inveigh  against  the  principle  and  effects 
of  the  laAV  may  be  good;  but  Ave  must  pause 
to  do  justice  to  those  avIio  framed  it.  Per- 
haps if  Ave  Avere  in  their  jjlace,  Ave  too  should 
grasp  the  only  apparently  effectual  means  at 
hand    for    Avant    of    a    better.     This    point    is 


494 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


December  1 


WiDMER  Engineering  Company 


LOUIS   PREUSS 

ASSOCIATED 

ARCHITECTS 


LACLEDE  GAS  BUILDING 
ST.  LOUIS      -      MO. 


well  brought  out  by  Mr.  Elder,  who  asks 
those  who  uncompromisingly  condemn  the 
law  to  suggest  some  practical  and  approved 
means  of  remedying  a  certain  evil  and  of  at- 
taining an  end  as  certainly  good. 

For  our  own  part,  we  should  refer  those 
who  make  a  study  of  such  questions  to  Mr. 
Elder's  articles,  if  they  desire  a  few  reasons 
which  may  be  proposed  in  favor  of  the  nether 
side.  For  those  who  have  considered  only 
the  laAV,  removed  from  the  circumstances  of 
time,  place,  people,  etc.,  we  suggest  that  they 
form  some  notion  of  the  grave  problem  which 
faces  all  those  who  submit  their  children, 
by  choice  or  force  of  circumstances,  to 
the  tutelage  of  professors  in  non-Catholic 
schools.  With  those  who  favor  the  laAV  as 
enacted,  we  contend  that  it  sets  up  a  civil 
court  as  intei'iDreter  of  the  Bible;  and  Cath- 
olics must  insist  that  Scripture  is  to  be 
authoritatively  interpreted  only  by  the  infal- 
lible magisterium  of  the  Church.  And  to 
those  who  find  themselves  with  children  to 
educate,  and  with  none  but  the  so-called  non- 
religious  schools  available,  we  have  no  im- 
mediately effective  solution  to  offer.  We  re- 
alize their  deplorable  plight;  but  they  must 
now  reap  the  fruit  of  the  seed  planted  when 
such  a  system  of  education  was  brought  into 
being.     As  you  sow,  so  you  shall  reap. 

The  education  given  in  our  secular  uni- 
versities is  based  on  a  wrong  notion  of 
science    and    religion    and    is    so    permeated 


with  falsehood  that  laws  would  have  to  be 
multiplied  a  thousandfold  if  any  serious  at- 
tempt were  made  at  reform.  We  disapprove 
of  this  particular  law  because  any  good 
effect  it  might  have  on  the  system  of  edu- 
cation would  be  negligible.  We  disapprove 
of  such  legislation  in  general  because  it  is 
powerless  to  reform  a  system  of  education 
which  is  based  upon  a  false  ideal,  utterly 
irreconcilable  with  the  true  educational  ideal, 
which  is  Catholic. 

These  schools,  founded  upon  an  essentially 
unsound  -  conception  of  education;  these 
schools,  W'hich  no  amount  of  particular  legis- 
lation can  free  from  the  taint  of  irreligious 
teaching,  must  ultimately  be  abolished.  In 
their  stead  must  be  established  schools  in 
which  religion  and  the  secular  sciences  are 
harmoniously  combined.  And  to  our  mind 
this  is  not  merely  the  ultimate  solution,  but 
it  is  the  only  solution  both  sound  in  principle 
and  effective  in  practice. 
St.  Meinrad,  Ind.  Leon  McXeill 


From  a  Catholic  Colored  Student  at  a  Non- 
Catholic   Institution  of   Learning 

To  the  Editor:— 

After  reading  an  article  in  No.  19  of  the 
F.  R.  concerning  the  higher  education  of 
Colored  Catholics,  I  felt  that  I  should  write 
and  thank  you  for  your  sympathy  for  my 
race  as  relates  to  its  education,  and  at  the 
same  time  to  give  some  personal  experiences 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


495 


as  to  the  lot  of  Colored  Catholic  students  in 
non-sectarian  institutions  of  learning. 

Before  I  relate  my  story,  I  am  going  to 
ask  you,  in  the  event  you  should  wish  to 
mention  it  in  your  publication,  that  you  will 
neither  mention  my  name  nor  the  institution 
in  which  I  am  a  student.  You  may  readily 
see  that  it  would  be  detrimental  to  my  wel- 
fare while  in  college  and  after  I  shall  have 
been  graduated.  Further,  you  might  be  in- 
terested to  know  that  I  expect  to  become  an 
instructor  in  the  High  School  after  my  grad- 
uation. 

I  have  been  studying  here  for  three  years, 
this  being  my  senior  year;  and  as  yet  I  do 
not  feel  altogether  at  home  with  only  five 
Catholic  students  among  a  student  body  of 
five  hundred.  All  the  meetings  of  the  Uni- 
versity, the  daily  chapel,  in  fact  all  gather- 
ings of  the  student-body,  are  pervaded  by  the 
atmosphere  of  Protestantism.  The  daily 
chapel  services,  which  are  compulsory  as  to 
attendance  for  all  students,  are  conducted 
strictly  according  to  Protestant  ritual.  The 
Bible,  rather  the  Kg.  James  version,  is  read, 
Protestant  hymns  are  sung.  And  on  Sunday 
a  preacher  is  brought  to  deliver  a  sermon; 
often  attacking  our  faith,  as  was  the  case 
last  week  when  a  representative  of  the  Ameri- 
ican  Bible  Association  emphatically  denied 
the    existence    of    Purgatory,    declaring    that 


such  a  doctrine  was  contrary  to  reason  and 
common  sense.  I  mention  these  things 
simply  to  give  you  an  idea  of  what  Catholic 
students  must  face  in  non-Catholic  institu- 
tions. 

Hoping  that  your  suggestion  that  Catholic 
universities  be  opened  to  Colored  Catholics 
will  be  heeded,  to  the  end  that  our  Holy 
Faith  may  be  perpetuated,  I  am,  respectfully 
yours,  A.  B.  C. 


Catholic   Literary   Criticism 

To   the   Editor:  — 

It  is  a  painfully  evident  fact  that  Catho- 
lic journalism  and  Catholic  authorship  in 
our  country  are  at  a  low  ebb.  England,  with 
one-fifteenth  of  our  Catholic  census,  brings 
forth  Newman,  Manning,  Wiseman,  Ward, 
Gasquet,  Fortescue,  Biekerstaff-Drew,  Riek- 
aby,  Bede  Camm,  Benson,  Dr.  Sutherland, 
etc. 

We  are  poof  indeed  in  the  comparison. 

In  journalism  the  cause  is  still  worse.  The 
London  Tablet  (Catholic)  is  a  Tory  organ, 
but  in  ability  and  doctriiaal  authority  it 
may   be    compared   to   the   best   reviews. 

But  it  is  in  the  field  of  criticism  that  we 
are  Aveakest.  No  Catholic  book,  no  matter 
how  incorrect  or  worthless  it  may  be,  fails 
of   a   fulsome   reception.      Our   N.    C.   W.   C. 


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DeeeiiibCi   1 


News  Service  is  the  weakest  thing  of  its 
kind  ill  the  world.  Our  critics  never  see  tliat 
fact.  Criticism  should  never  be  unmerciful, 
but   it   should  be   true. 

The  utter  wortldessness  of  Catholic  criti- 
cism is  illustrated  bv  the  following  example. 

In  Fax,  the  quarterlv  review  or  the  Be.ie- 
dictines  of  Caldey,  there  is  a  review  of  ' '  The 
Story  of  the  Little  Flower:  by  Daniel  A. 
Lord,  S.  J.,  Decorative  Drawings  by  Louis 
B.   Egan,   S.  J."  The  reviewer  says: 

"The  Jesuits  have  been  accused,  often  un- 
justly, of  sentimentality,  but  surely  the  little 
book  produce'd  by  Fathers  Lord  and  Egan 
reaches  the  lowest  depths  of  artistic  deprav- 
ity yet  achieved  in  the  Catholic  Church.  The 
intention  of  the  book  is  excellent — a  real 
love  of  the  saint  and  of  her  special  genius 
is  indicated — and  those  who  like  the  worst 
kind  of  sentimental  cinema  drama  or  those, 
surviy  i.)ut  fev\-,  who,  having  sufficient  forti- 
tude or  sufficient  humility,  are  able  to  dis- 
regard its  bodily  garb,  will  find  their  de- 
votion to  Saint  Therese  increased.  Never- 
theless it  is  not  decent  that  such  a  book 
should  be  made.  The  soul  is  the  form  of  the 
body,  and  the  body  of  the  Church  is  there- 
fore an  indication  if  its  soul.  Alas!  if  any- 
one should  draw  the  conchision  apparently 
justified  by  this  little  book.  It  is  as  though 
on,e  took  good  water  and  good  flour  and  then, 
instead  of  good  yeast,  one  attempted  to  make 
bread  by  adding  scented  face  powder.  It 
is  '  sob  stuff ' — it  is  depravity.  The  workl 
is  full  of  such  things;  but  this  is  the  worst 
we  have  yet  seen."    (Issue  of   autumn,   1925. 

Aftei'  perusal  of  the  book  I  could  never 
write  as  temperately  as  the  monk  of  Caldey. 
I  admire  his  moderation.  I  was  pleased, 
however,  that  an  able  critic  had  pointed  out 
the  maudlin  sentimentality  of  the  aforesaid 
publication.  One  may  imagine  my  indigna- 
tion when  I  read  in  our  Salesiaiium  tlie  fol- 
low'ing : 

"Father  Lord  is  a  wizard  of  words  and  all 
the  artistry  of  his  pen  he  uses  to  embellish 
the  noble  subject  he  has  chosen.  He  paints 
with  excjLuisite  colors,  and  nowhere  have  we 
seen  a  more  ravishing  picture  of  the  charm- 
ing- saint  so  recently  raised  to  the  honors 
of  the  altar  than  in  this  delightful  pamphlet, 
the  reading  of  which  is  a  real  joy.  The  book- 
let will  help  to  increase  devotion  to  the  new 
saint  that  has  so  quickly  leaped  into  popular 
favor  and  captivated  the  hearts  of  inen.  The 
decorative  drawings,  with  which  it  is  richly 
illustrated  and  which  come  from  th^  giftecl 
pen  of  Father  Louis  B.  Egan,  S.  J.,  reflect  the 
mystical  atmos  'here  that  cling-s  to  the  figure 
of  the  sainted  Carmelite  of  Lisieux." 

The  book  review  doDartmcu*'  of  the  Sal/si- 
anum  is  under  the  editorial  direction  of  tlie 
Eev.  Dr.  Charles  A.  Bruehl,  of  St.  Charles 
Borromeo  Seminary,  Overbrook,  Philadelphia. 

The  life  of  Saint  Therese  left  us  this  con- 
solation that  it  could  not  lower  her  status 
in  Heaven;  but  the  criticism  will  tend  to 
create  a  false  literary  taste  in  the  priesthood 
issuing  from  a  great  seminary.  To  counter- 
act this  is  the  sole  purpose  of  my  writing. 
"Amicus  Plato:  magis  arnica  Veritas." 
(Rev.)   A.  E.  Breen 


A  Superior  Catholic  Newspaper 

The  Ave  Maria  of  Notre  Dame, 
Ind.,  August  8,  1925,  makes  the 
following  reference  to  Tlie  Echo: 

''The  Echo  .  ...  is  one  of  the 
most  enterprising  and  carefully 
edited  of  American  Catholic  Neivs- 
papers." 

It  is  rarely  that  Father  Hud- 
son, the  scholarly  editor  of  the  Ave 
Maria,  praises  a  contemporary  so 
unreservedly. 


We    shall   be    glad    to    send    you    sample 
copies   upon  request 


THE  ECHO 

564  Dodge  St.  Buffalo.  N.   Y. 


"Christian  Denominations" 

' '  Christian  Denominations,' '  by  Eev.  V. 
Krull,  C.  PP.  S.,  contains  a  short  but  re- 
liable history  of  the  various  Christian  De- 
nominations found  in  America.  Besides 
the  information  concerning  the  various 
churches  it  contains  a  refutation  of  the 
main  errors  found  in  the  various  sects. 
A  questionnaire  inserted  at  certain  inter- 
vals is  very  helpful  to  a  comprehensive 
study  of  the  book. 

No  other  book  on  religion  has  such  fas- 
cination for  students  as  ' '  Christian  De- 
nominations ' '.  It  may  be  called  a  history 
that  is  interspersed  by  doctrinal  informa- 
tion. 

' '  We  have  used  '  Cliristiau  Denomuia- 
tions'  in  St.  Peter  and  Paul's  High  School 
for  a  textbook;  and  we  recommend  this 
textl3ook  to  every  Catholic  high  school  in 
America,  knowing  from  experience  that  the 
pupils  will  like  the  book  and  benefit  by 
it." — Supt.  SS.  Peter  and  Paul's  High 
School,  Ottawa,  Oliio. 

PuVdished    by 

JOHN  W.  WINTERICH,  clevei and"  a 

Price,       Cloth,       $1;        Paper,       35c 


1925 


THE  FOETXIGHTLY  EEYIEW 


-1:9  ( 


'  The   Western 
Catholic  Union 

A  Permzinent  Catholic   Fraternal 
Life  Insurance  Society 

Found^  at  Quincy,   111.,  in    1877 


Catholic  to  the  core. 

Assets  approximately 
$1,100,000. 


48  years  of  aggressive  and  successful 
operation.  ||Eates  of  contribution  based 
on  ttie  American  Experience  Table. 

Free  from  all  secret  ritualistic  work, 
pass  words,  etc.  Combines  Old  Line 
Security   with    Fraternal   Economy. 


Our  branch  societies  are  in  reality 
parish  societies.  Admits  men,  women, 
and   children. 


Three  forms  of  certificates:  20  Pay 
Whole  Life,  Whole  Life  Special,  and 
Term  to  Age  65. 

Juvenile  Section 

Paid-up  and  extended  features  con- 
nected   with    our    certificates. 


Eecognized    by    insurance    authorities 
as    the    last    word    in    economic    life    in- 


Supreme  Office 

Western  Catholic  Union  Building 

Quincy,  111. 


Excerpts   from   Letters 

In  Vol.  XXXII,  Xo.  9,  p.  191  of  the  F.  E. 
was  a  little  item,  taken  from  Unity,  about 
the  Catholics  and  Protestants  of  Keystone, 
Xeb.,  having  built  a  community  church.  You 
regarded  the  story  as  a  hoax,  since  the 
Official  Catholic  Directory  mentions  no  parish 
at  Keystone,  Xeb.  A  priest  of  the  Grand 
Island  Diocese  lately  told  me  that  the  com- 
munity church  at  Keystone  is  not  a  hoax, 
but  an  actual  fact.  There  is  no  resident 
priest  at  Keystone,  but  the  parish  is  at- 
tended from  Ogalalla.  The  priest  Avith  whom 
I  spoke  at  one  time  attended  the  ' '  duplex 
church." — (Eev.)  I.  C.  JVeis,  Holdredge,  Net. 

Fr.  Bede  Maler's  letter  (F.  B.,  Xo.  21)  on 
^'A  Dangerous  Tendency''  in  our  devotional 
life  offers  matter  for  discussion  in  the  Cath- 
olic press.  The  Tabernacle  should  be  the 
centre  of  our  devotions,  but  how  often  does  it 
not  happen  that  the  Lord  of  the  Tabernacle 
is  ignored  by  ill-guided  devotees  and  fervent 
prayers  are  jjoured  out  at  the  side  altars  in 
honor  of  this  or  that  saint.  Who  will  under- 
take to  correct  these  abuses?  It  might  be 
good  to  read  Bishop  Bonomelli's  book  "On 
Eeligious  Worship"  (Herder)  on  this  sub- 
ject. Yours  for  reasonable  worship, —  (Eev.) 
Raymond    Vernimont,   Denton,    Tex. 

Just  a  line  to  thank  yon  for  publishing  the 
article  ' '  A  Dangerous  Tendency ' '  bv  Fr. 
Bede  Maler,  O.  S.  B.  (F.  E.,  Xo.  2l").  It 
is  very  true  and  timely.  We  need  more  warn- 
ings of  this  kind. — (Eev.)  Vitus  StoU,  Mercy 
Hospita',  Des  Maimes,  la. 

On  account  of  extreme  drought,  poor  crops, 
and  bank  failures,  money  is  scarce  in  this 
section  of  the  country.  Being,  however,  un- 
able to  get  along  without  your  excellent  pub- 
lication, I  enclose  check  for  $3  to  renew  my 
subscription  to  same  for  the  coming  vear. 
—  (Eev.)  Fr.  Leo,  0.  S.  B.,  Windthorst,'Tex. 

For  25  years  I  have  read  your  splendid 
Eeview  and  have  always  admired  the  phil- 
osophic, logical,  and  truly  religious  mind 
of  its  editor.— (i?er.)  J.  Capistran,  0.  F.  M., 
Phoenix,  Ariz. 

I  certainly  appreciate  your  fine  paper  and 
do  not  want  to  miss  any  number.  I  always 
remail  the  F.  B.  to  a  seminary  in  Uganda 
(British  Africa).  They  say  it  is  the  best 
paper  I  ever  sent  them. — T.  J.  Larin,  Santa 
Barhara,  Calif. 

It  is  a  pleasure  to  assure  you  that  I  enjoy 
every  number  of  you  alert  publication.  Wish- 
ing vou  continued  success  in  the  service  of 
the  Church  Militant,  I  am,— (Eev.)  S.  Klop- 
fer,    St.   John's  Institute,    St.   Francis,    Wis. 

The  F.  E.  is  ever  welcome.  With  best 
wishes  for  its  future  success, —  (Eev.)  J.  B. 
Herrmann,   Co'ton,   Wash. 

I  would  not  wish  to  miss  any  number  of 
your  valuable  Eeview.  It  is  too  stimulating 
to  miss. —  (Eev.)  By.  J.  Tennessen,  Eose 
Creeh,  Minn. 


498 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


December  1 


BOOK  REVIEWS 


Researches  in  Church  Music 

Melodies  Liturgies  Syriennes  et  Clial- 
cliennes,  Eecueillies  par  Dom  Jeannin,  0.  S. 
B.  Melodies  Syriennes.  I.  Introduction 
Musicale.  Ouvrage  Ronore  d'une  Subvention 
de  Sa  Saintete  Pie  XI.,  du  Gouvernement 
Frangais  et  de  I'Oeuvre  de  I' Orient. (Maison 
d' edition,  Leroux,  rue  Bonnparte,  28,  Faris). 

This  work,  in  three  volumes,  of  which  this 
is  the  first,  Avould  have  been  published  sev- 
eral years  ago  if  it  had  not  been  for  finan- 
cial conditions  brought  about  by  the  late 
war  and  over  which  the  author  had  no  con- 
trol. For  more  than  fifty  years,  the  question 
how  to  interpret  the  netimatic  signs  found 
in  the  Gregorian  MSS.,  and  the  manner  in 
which  the  Gregorian  melodies  were  performed 
at  their  origin  and  during  the  Middle  Ages, 
the  golden  age  of  the  Chant,  has  continued 
to  engage  the  attention  of  musicologues, 
archaeologists,    and    scholars    generally. 

Among  the  pioneers  in  this  field  of  histor- 
ical research  was  Rev.  A.  Dechevrens,  S.  J., 
who  published,  in  1895,  "Du  Rythme  dans 
1 'Hymnographie  Latine"  and,  in  1898, 
' '  Etudes  de  Science  Musicale, ' '  in  three 
volumes, — epoch-making  Avorks,  in  which  he 
endeavors  to  prove  that  the  chant  melodies 
originally  consisted  of  notes  of  unequal  but 
proportional  values  and  that  they  might  be 
divided  into  measures  after  the  manner  of 
our  modern  music. 

The  chief  defenders  of  this  intei-pretation 
of  the  neum  notation  are:  Rev.  Fr.  Bonvin, 
S.  J.,  in  this  country.  Rev.  A.  Fleury,  S.  J., 
in  France,  and  the  late  Rev.  G.  Gietmann, 
S.  J.,  in  Germany.  Other  scholars  Avho  have 
set  forth  mensuralist  systems  of  their  own 
and  differing  from  that  of  Fr.  Dechevrens, 
are  Hugo  Riemann,  of  the  University  of 
Leipzig,  George  Houdard,  of  the  Sorbonne, 
Oscar  Fleischer,  of  the  University  of  Berlin, 
and  Dr.  Peter  Wagner,  of  the  University  of 
Fribourg  in  Switzerland.  The  publication  of 
the  Vatican  Graduale,  in  1908,  based  upon 
what  is  called  oratorical  rhythm,  has  failed 
to  bring  about  a  uniform  manner  of  render- 
ing the  melodies.  While  it  did  not  convert 
the  mensuralists  to  the  oratorical  rhythm, 
neither  did  it  prevent  the  formation  of  the 
neo-Solesmes  school  of  interpretation,  with 
its  original  and  arbitrary  system  of  rhythm. 

There  is  no  doubt  but  that  the  persistent 
discussion  and  the  opposing  theories  ad- 
vanced are  partly  responsible  for  the  lack 
of  interest  in  the  Church's  OAvn  music  and 
the  delay  in  introducing  it  into  greater  use. 
With  the  publication  of  Dom  Jeannin 's  work, 
the  whole  question  is  entering  a  new  phase. 
Admirably  equipped  for  his  task,  Dom 
Jeannin,  0.  S.  B.,  with  two  associates,  Dom 
J.  Puyade,  O.  S.  B.,  and  Dom  A.  Chibas, 
O.  S.  B.,  has  spent  more  than  twenty  years 
in  the  Orient,  the  cradle  of  the  chant,  gath- 
ering  Syrian  and  Chaldean  melodies,  writing 


JUST  PUBLISHED 

Religious  and 
Ecclesiastical  Vocation 

By 

THE  REV.  A.  VERMEERSCH, 
S.  J.,  J.  U.  D. 

Translated  from   the   Latirf  by 

JOSEPH  G.  KEMPF 

Cloth,    8vo.,    VI    and    91     pages,    net    90 
cents. 

This  treatise  on  Religious  and  Eccle- 
siastical Vocation  gives  us  in  brief  but 
comprehensive  form  the  most  authorita- 
tive utterances  on  the  question  of  voca- 
tion, especially  of  vocation  to  the  reli- 
gious state. 

Dr.  Vermeersch  has  succeeded  in  giv- 
ing a  remarkably  clear  explanation  of  a 
difficult  subject.  The  book  is  not  an  in- 
vitation to  the  religious  life  or  to  the 
priesthood,  but  an  accurate  statement  of 
tlieological  principles,  together  with  the 
solution  of  numerous  difficulties. 

In  the  part  on  Religious  Vocation  the 
author  first  gives  the  correct  explanation 
of  those  texts  of  Holy  Scripture  which 
are  sometimes  misinterpreted  and  so 
give  rise  to  difficulties  and  erroneous 
opinions.  Then  he  summarizes  the  teach- 
ing of  Scripture  and  that  of  the  Fathers 
of  the  Church.  The  third  section  is  de- 
voted to  the  opinions  of  the  theologians. 
It  is  only  in  the  fourth  part  that  all 
this  evidence  is  gathered  into  the  prin- 
ciples which  make  up  the  sound  teaching 
on   Religious   Vocation. 

Dr.  Vermeersch 's  treatise  will  be  of 
interest  not  only  to  priests  and  students 
of  theology  but  to  all  wlio  desire  a  clear 
statement  of  sound  principles  on  the  sub- 
ject of  vocation.  It  should  prove  espe- 
cially helpful  to  those  who  are  contem- 
plating entry  to  the  religious  state  or 
to  the  priesthood. 


B.  Herder  Book  Co. 

17    South    Broadway,  St.    Louis,    Mo. 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


499 


MATTERS  LITURGICAL 

The    Collectio    Rerum    Liturgicarum    of 
Rev.  Joseph  Wuest,   C.  SS.  R. 


Translated   and   Revised   by- 
Rev.    Thomas    W.    Mullaney,    C.    SS.    R. 


To  the  priest  long  on  the  mission,  to 
the   newly-ordained,    and   to    the    semin- 

arian     MATTERS     LITURGICAL    will 

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as  it  does  with  a  ready  answ^er  to  the 
many  questions  that  arise  in  the  min- 
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convenience  to  consult  larger  works  on 
the    Sacred    Liturgy. 

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them  down,  after  hearing  them  sung  es- 
pecially by  the  choir-masters.  The  result  of 
this  wearisome  process,  studied  in  conjunc- 
tion Avith  and  in  the  light  of  medieval  liter- 
ature on  the  subject,  proves  the  original  ex- 
istence not  only  of  unequal  and  proportional 
note  values,  but  also  of  measure  and  meter. 
At  the  end  of  this,  the  first  volume,  Dom 
Jeannin  declares  that,  in  as  much  as  the 
Vatican  Edition  of  the  Chant  is  based  upon 
the  system  of  free  rhythm,  it  is  evidently 
the  intention  of  ecclesiastical  authority  that 
the  Chant  be  rendered  in  conformity  with 
that  system  and  that  it  is  not  lawful  for 
anyone  to  put  into  practice  any  system  of 
measured  rhythm,  even  though  its  historical 
correctness  be  demonstrated.  He  only  ex- 
presses the  respectful  hope  that  Rome,  in 
her  Avisdom,  may  some  day  order  a  new  edi- 
tion of  the  Gregorian  Chant,  embodying  all 
the  results  definitely  acquired  by  scientific 
research.  Joseph   Otten 

Literary  Briefs 

— Our  esteemed  contributor.  Rev.  Father 
Charles  J.  Quirk,  S.  J.,  of  Spring  Hill  Col- 
lege, Mobile,  Ala.,  is  publishing  a  collection 
of  his  poems — lyrics,  quatrains,  and  sonnets, 
some  of  which  have  appeared  in  the  F.  R., 
under  the  title,  ' '  Sails  on  the  Horizon.' '  The 
book  will  be  ready  before  Christmas.  It 
Avill  bear  the  imprint  of  the  Stratford  Co., 
Boston,  Mass.,  and  will  sell  for  $1. 

— ' '  Zepter  und  Schliissel  in  der  Hand  des 
Priesters,"  by  the  Rev.  F.  X.  Esser,  S.  J. 
(Herder),  is  a  booklet  of  meditation  for 
priests  on  the  sacerdotal  powers  of  conse- 
cration and  the  remission  of  sins  in  the  tri- 
bunal of  penance.  The  author  has  an  origin- 
al way  of  treating  these  exalted  topics  and 
his  style  is  vivid  and  appealing. 

— To  ' '  The  Orchard  Books ' '  has  been 
added  "The  Cloud  of  Unknowing  and  Other 
Treatises  by  an  English  Mystic  of  the 
Fourteenth  Century, ' '  with  a  Commentary 
on  the  Cloud  by  Fr.  Augustine  Baker,  O.  S. 
B.,  edited  by  Dom  Justin  McCann.  "The 
Cloud  of  Unknowing ' '  was  written  in  Eng- 
land about  1350,  but  was  forgotten  for  cen- 
turies and  only  lately  rediscovered  in  the 
British  Museum.  With  it  are  included  a 
commentary  by  the  late  Fr.  Baker  and  several 
other  little  mystical  treatises:  "The  Epistle 
of  Privy  Council,"  "How  Man's  Soul  is 
Made  to  the  Image  and  Likeness  of  the  Holy 
Trinity, ' '  and  ' '  The  Translation  of  Denis 
Hid  Divinity. "  They  all  contain  rich  mat- 
ter for   contemplation.      (Benziger   Bros.) 

— Monthly  Recollection, ' '  by  Canon  Les- 
coubier,  is  a  series  of  meditations  on  our  last 
end,  with  appropriate  examinations  of  con- 
science, arranged  for  the  benefit  of  religious 
communities.  The  book  was  written  for  the 
purpose  of  facilitating  the  practice  of  month- 
ly recollection  and  is  warmlv  recommended 
by  the  Bishop  of  Bruges.  The  present  edi- 
tion  is   the   third.      (Benziger   Bros.) 


500 


THE  FOETXIGHTLY  REVIEW 


December  1 


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WANTED,  pnsitidii  by  ;>  youuii  Catholic 
organist,  iiinn'ied.  Studied  and  graduated  un 
der  tlie  late  Prof.  J.  Singenberoer.  Have  had 
two  rears'  experiene"  in  trainin'r  idiil'lrpirs, 
men's,  and  mixed  choirs.  Can  also  teacli  pipe 
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sole, 'modern  pedal.  Oak  case.  Space  re- 
quired about  ten  feet  deep,  twelve  to  thir- 
teen feet  W'ide,  and  sixteen  feet  high,  in  front. 
This  organ  is  excellent  in  tonal  development. 
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— "Honour  Thy  [Mother. "  by  Father  Alex- 
ander, 0.  F.  M.,  is  a  Ijooklet  of  83  pages, 
into  which  are  condensed  the  various  motives 
that  should  impel  men  to  love  Mary,  the 
Mother  of  Jesus.  The  volume  is  especially 
adapted  to  sodality  and  church  libraries  and 
can  1)0  reeoninicnded  for  such.  (Benziger 
Bros.) 

— The  beautiful  phrase  "Spouse  of 
Christ, ' '  aj^plied  to  members  of  religious 
sisterhoods,  forms  the  title  of  some  short 
meditations  by  Dom  Columba  Marmion,  who, 
as  we  read  in  the  Editor's  Preface,  "gave 
u])  his  soul  to  God  on  January  30,  1923,  in 
admirable  sentiments  of  devotion  and  w-ith 
utter  abandonment  to  the  divine  mercy." 
The  author  "has  outlined  his  subject  in 
its  widest  and  most  exalted  aspect,  prescind- 
ing from  any  special  rule  or  constitutions, 
his  theme  being:  The  soul  consecrated  by 
the  vows,  becomes  by  virtue  of  that  con- 
secration the  spouse  of  Christ."  ("Sponsa 
Verbi,  The  Virgin  Consecrated  to  Christ. 
Spiritual  Conferences  by  the  Eight  Eev.  Dom 
Columba  Marmion,  0  .  S.  B.,  Abbot  of 
^laredsous  Abbey.  Translated  from  the 
French  by  Dom  Francis  Izard,  O.  S.  B., ' ' 
Sands  &  Co.  and  B.  Herder  Book  Company). 

New  Books   Receit'^ed 

Tlte  One  J^cal  Thing.  By  Benedict  William- 
son. With  a  Preface  bv  Cardinal  Gascjuet. 
XV  &  221  pp.  Svo.  B."  Herder  Book  Co. 
$3.25   net. 

The  Lives  of  the  Popes  in  tlie  Middle  Ages. 
Bv  the  Eev.  Horace  K.  Mann.  Second 
Edition.  Volumes  V  (999-1048),  VI 
(1049-1073),  VII  (1073-1099),  VIII  (1099- 
1130).  Kegau  Paul  and  B.  Herder  Book 
Co.     .$4.50   per  volume  net. 

Tlte  Lives  of  the  Popes  in  tlie  Middle  Ages. 
Bv  the  Et.  Eev.  Msgr.  Horace  K.  Mann. 
Vol.  XIII:  Honorius  III  to  Celestine  IV, 
1216-1241,  xii  &  459  pp.  Svo.  Kegan 
Paul  and  B.   Herder  Book  Co.     $4.50  net. 

Report  of  the  Proceedings  and  Addresses  of 
tlie  32nd  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Catholic 
Educational  Association,  Pittsburgh,  Pa., 
June  29,  30,  July  1,  2,  1925.  755  pp. 
Svo.  Office  of  the  Secretary,  1651  E.  Main 
Str.,  Columbus,  O. 

Gehetsweislicit  der  Kirclte.  Lesungen  im 
Anschluss  an  die  S;)un-  und  Festta.'Tsora- 
tionen  von  Leo  Wolpert.  viii  &  273  pp. 
12mo.     Herder   &    Co.     $1.60   net. 

Life  of  Arnold-  Janssen,  Founder  of  the 
Society  of  the  Divine  Word  and  of  the 
^lissionary  Congregation  of  the  Servants 
of  the  Holy  Ghost.  By  Herman  Fischer, 
S.  V.  D.  Translated  from  the  German  bv 
Frederick  M.  Lynk,  S.  V.  D.  viii  &  520 
]ip.  Svo.  Technv,  111.:  ^Mission  Press  S. 
V.  D.     $1.50  net." 

Harmonicn  und  Disharmonien  des  menscldich- 
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Ehaban  Liertz.  vi  &  257  pp.  Svo.  Munich: 
.los.  Kosel  &  Fr.  Pustet  K.-G.  ^l.  5. 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


501 


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Die  Staatslehre  Leos  XIII.  Von  Dr.  Peter 
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With  the  Heralds  of  the  Cross.  Thoughts 
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viii  &  255  pp.  12mo.  Benziger  Bros. 
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502 


THE  rOETXIGITTLY  EEVIEW 


Dc'ceuiber  1 


A  SPRINKLE  OF  SPICE 


Wlit'ii  Morrisuii  \v;is  iilnyinrr  Faust,  he  was 
taken  sick  and  had  to  use  a,  substitute. 
Morrison  \vas  a  very  tall,  slender  fellow.  The 
substitute  was  a  short,  fat  fellow.  In  the 
last  scene  where  the  devil  departs  into  hell, 
he  goes  through  a  trap-door.  The  substitute 
got  along  all  right  until  he  came  to  that  part. 
As  he  was  descending  into  the  infernal 
regions,  he  got  stuck  in  the  trap-door,  and 
those  below  stage  pulled  on  his  legs  and  tried 
to  pull  him  through,  and  those  above  tried  to 
shove  him  through,  but  they  couldn't  do  it,— 
so  there  he  stuck.  A  boy  in  the  gallery  did 
not  know  why  the  actor  could  not  get  through, 
but  jumped  to  his  own  conclusion,  got  on  his 
feet  and  veiled:   "Thank  God,  hell  is  full!" 


Jerome  K.  Jerome,  in  his  charming  remin- 
iscences now  running  serially,  gives  us  the 
following:  "A  vigorous  family  [the  family 
of  Sir  Arthur  Conan  Doyle],  the  Doyles,  botli 
mentally  and  physically.  One  of  his 
sisters  married  a  clergyman  namel  Angel,  a 
dear  ugly  fellow.  They  lived  near  us  at 
Wallingford  and  next  door  to  them  happened 
to  live  another  clergyman  named  Dam.  And 
later  on  Dam  was  moved  to  Goring  and  found 
himself  next  door  to  a  Eoman  Catholic  priest 
whose  name  was  Father  Hell.  Providence  \ 
take  it  arranges  these  little  things  for  some 
wise  purposes. 


An  old  Xegro  Avas  brought  into  a  police 
station  charged  with  vagrancy.  "Law,  mistah, 
I  ain't  no  vagrant!"  he  exclaimed;  "I'se 
a  hard-workin'  religious  man.  Look  at 
dose!  "  And  he  pointed  proudly  to  the  large 
patches  ornamenting  the  knees  of  his  trousers. 
'  I  got  dem  from  prayin ' !  " 

"How  about  the  patches  on  the  seat  of 
your   breeches?"    asked   a  policeman. 

The  Negro  looked  sheepish  for  a  moment, 
then  said:  "I  reckon  I  must  have  got  dose 
backslidin '. " — Our  Colored  Harvest. 


The  Sunday  paper  is  a  combination  of 
an  all-story  magazine  and  a  hundred-foot 
section  of  billboard  advertising.  If  it  Avere 
sold  by  weight,  like  potatoes  and  cabbages, 
none  but  a  millionaire  could  buy  one.  Sonip 
years  ago,  when  the  price  of  the  Sunday 
paper  went  to  10  cents,  with  that  spirit  of 
thriftiness  that  has  enabled  me  to  start  with 
nothing  and  gradually  work  up  to  less,  I  de- 
cided that  I  ought  to  get  my  money's  worth 
by  reading  the  paper  through.  By  giving 
up  church  on  Sunday  morning  and  my  usual 
nap  in  the  afternoon,  I  manage  to  put  in 
eight  hours  every  Sunday  on  the  paper.  In 
that  way  I  finish  about  one-third  of  it  on 
Sunday.  I  am  dropping  behind  about  eight 
months  each  year,  and  I  have  figured  out,  with 
the  aid  of  an  expert  accountant,  that  if  my 
health  holds  out  and  the  paper  is  not  in- 
creased beyond  its  present  120  pages,  I  will 
have  reached  last  Sunday's  paper  in  March, 
1928. — Eugene  H.   Angert. 


Masses 

for 

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Botazzo,  L. 

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Bottigliero,    E. 

Mass   in    honor    of   St.    Ciro    60 

Mass  in   hon.   of  the  B.  V.   M 80 

Dress,  Alphonse,  Rev. 

The    High    Mass,     liturgically 

correct 60 

Gregorian. 

The      most      simple     Mass     in 
Gregorian.        Arr.     by     the 
Benedictine         Fathers, 

Conception    Abbey    80 

O'Connor,   John  J. 

Mass  in  hon.  of  St.  Michael  60 

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1925 


THE  FOETNIG-HTLY  REVIEW 


503 


Ve 


estments 


Both 
Foreign 
and 
Domestic 

Nowhere 
will  you  find 
a  larger  and 
more  varied 
assortment  to 
choose  from. 

Ask  for 
Catalog  No.  7  1 


From  Crefeld 

Hand-woven  rich  velvets  and  silk  bro- 
cades, combined  vs^ith  Kolner-Borders, 
are  notable  because  of  their  wearing 
qualities.  The  art  of  a  craft  whose 
traditions  are  enriched  by  generations 
of  experience  and  strict  adherence  to 
true  ecclesiastical   design. 

From  France 

Beautiful  embroideries  of  silk  or  gold 
relief  and  couched  gold  thread,  in 
which  the  French  excel. 

From  Belgium 

Antique  art  embroideries,  embellished 
with  symbols  or  full  figures  in  delicate 
colorings. 

Austria 

Supplies  us  with  excellent  materials  at 
remarkably    low^   prices. 

Czecho-Slovakian  and  Swiss  Embroid- 
eries are  also  in  good   favor. 

Great  Britain  and  Ireland 

Contribute  Irish  Poplins  and  lustrous 
Brocades  especially  suited  for  medieval 
style   vestments. 

Our  Own  Manufactures 

Can  be  delivered  on  short  notice  and 
are  especially  notew^orthy  because  of 
their  sterling  worth,  made  in  a  work- 
manlike manner. 


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Importers  and  Manufacturers 
Saint  Paul,  Minn. 


504  THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW  December  1 


The  Left  Hander 

A   Delightful   Novel 

By  Rev.   C.  F.  Donovan 

Mann^iiifi'  Editor  of  The  New  World,  Chicago. 

Beautifully  bound  in  cloth — $2.00  per  copy,  postage  extra. 

Tims  far  forty-one  Catholic  papers  and  periodicals  in   the   United  States  have 
showered  praise  upon  Father  Donovan's  novel.     The  following  are  typical  tributes: 

"A  decidedly  good  story.'' 

The  Ave  Maria,  Notre  Uanie,  Indiana. 

"It's  a  humdinger,  a  novel  with  a  purpose.     Get  a  copy.'' 

Dailv   American   Tribune,   Dubuque. 

"I   want   to   congratulate   you    on  your   book   THE    LEFT    HANDER.      Such   a 
book  would  be  a  credit  to  any  Catholic  publisher — or  non-Catholic  for  that  matter. ' ' 

REV.   FRANCIS  J.  FINN,  S.  J.,  the  famous  author. 


The  Lure  of  the  West 

By  L.  M.   Wallace 

A  Romance  of  Arizona   and  Ontario 
Bound  in  cloth $1.75  per  copy,  postage  extra. 

"We  cordially  recommend  'The  Lure  of  the  West'  as  a  Christmas  gift   for  old 
and  young  lovers  of  entertaining  and  whcdesome  fiction. ' ' 

The  Fortnightly  Review,  St.  Louis. 


The  Outlaws  of  Ravenhurst 

By  L.  M.   Wallace 

One   of   the   outstanding   Catholic   novels   of   recent   years. 
Ornate    edition,    illustrated $1.50   per   copy,    postage    extra. 

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The  Left  Hander 

A  Delightful  Novel 

By  Rev.  C.  F.  Donovan 

Managing  Editor  of  The  New  World,  Chicago. 

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BEV.  FBANCIS  J.  FINN,  S.  J.,  the  famous  author. 


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By  L.  M.   Wallace 

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The  Outlaws  of  Ravenhurst 

By  L.  M.  Wallace 

One  of  the   outstanding  Catholic  novels   of  recent  years.  - 

Ornate   edition,    illustrated $1.50   per   copy,    postage    extra. 

"Here  is  a  book  that  holds  us  in  thrall  from  cover  to  cover." 

America,  New  York. 


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506  THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW  December  15 

WHAT  FIVE   HUNDRED   DOLLARS   WILL   DO 

SIX  PER  CE>"T  AND  ABSOLUTE    SECURITY 
ON     FIRST     MORTGACiE     NOTES     FROM     SoOO     UP 

Every  Investor  has  always  received  every  dollar  of  Principal  and  Interest  on  loans  bought  through  our 
company.  All  loans  secured  by  well-located  improved  income-property.  Monthly  Sinking  Fund  provides  for 
gradual  retirement  of  the  debt  and  makes  repayment  of  principal  and  interest  a  certainty. 

DESCRIPTIVE      BOOKLET     ON      REQUEST 

CHOUTEAU    TRUST    COMPANY 

CHOUTEAU,  HEMP  AND  VANDEVENTER  AVENUES 

L.  yV.  HEMP,  PRESIDENT  S.  L.  ST.  JEAN,  SECRETAHV-TREASCRER  J.  M'.  ^VESTON,  VICE-PRES. 


ST.  ANTHONY'S  BREAD 


For  centuries  St.  Anthony  of  Padua  has  proven  himself  the  Friend 
of  the  Poor  the  wide  world  over.  We  often  hear  it  said  that  "God 
helps  them  that  help  themselves."  To  a  certain  degree  this  is  true 
but  oftentimes  the  saying-  is  used  as  a  cloak  for  selfishness  and  as  an 
excuse  for  not  helping  those  who  really  are  not  in  a  position  to 
help  themselves. 

St.  Anthony,  as  the  champion  and  friend  of  the  needy,  serves 
notice  upon  his  Clients  that  if  they  would  employ  him  as  their  heavenly 
advocate  they  must  pay  him  a  fee  in  the  form  of  Bread  for  his  poor. 
In  a  word  St.  Anthony  helps  those  who  help  the  poor. 

The  Friars  of  the  Atonement  gave  lodging  and  food  to  an  average 
of  forty  poor  men  every  day  during  1924,  or  a  grand  total  of  forty- 
three  thousand  meals  during  the  course  of  the  year.  It  was  St.  An- 
(Authentic  likeness)  thony  who  paid  every  cent  of  the  huge  cost  by  the  fees  he  induced  his 
Clients  to  pay  in  the  form  of  thank  offerings  for  favors  they  received  through  the  medium 
of  the  Perpetual  Novena  to  St.  Anthony  conducted  by  the  Franciscan  Friars  of  the 
Atonement  at  Graymoor.  Moreover  the  Graymoor  Friars  set  aside  ten  percent  of  what 
is  given  to  them  as  St.  Anthony's  Bread  to  feed  the  poor  and  needy  who  appeal  to  them 
from  everywhere  beyond  the  boundaries  of  Graymoor. 

That  St.  Anthony  helps  those  who  promise  to  help  him  feed  and  lodge  his  Gravmoor 
dependents,   witness  the  following  testimonials: 
J.   K.   O'B.,  Los  Angeles,   Calif.:   "Herewith      Mrs.  A.  H.   K.,   Tulsa,   Okla 


find  check  for  recent  success  in  some  ven- 
ture." 

C.  A.  F.,  Bronx,  N.  T.  C. :  "I  wish  to  advise 
you  that  I  have  received  an  increase  in  my 
salary,  and,  as  by  my  promise  to  St.  An- 
thony, I  herewith  enclose  my  offering." 
M.  O'D.,  New  York:  "Please  find  enclosed 
offering  promised  to  St.  Anthony  for  getting 
my  husband  the  position  he  wanted." 
R.  M.  K.,  Hackensack,  N.  J.:  "I  wish  to 
acknowledge  with  gratitude  my  answer  to 
petition  made  to  St.  Anthony  in  the  last 
Novena.  For  a  number  of  years  money  in- 
vested returned  nothing  but  uncertainty 
and  new  expenses.  I  prayed  that  through 
the  intercession  of  St.  Anthony  we  would 
be  cleared  of  debt  by  May  1,  and,  although 
the  prospects  were  not  at  all  certain,  still, 
on  the  evening  of  May  1  pape'-s  were  sign- 
ed that  cleared  us  of  all  debt  and  put  a 
few  dollars  in  the  bank." 


"Am  sending 
an  offering  for  Bread  as  a  thank  offering 
to  St.  Anthony  for  finding  lost  articles." 
Miss  D.  K.,  Cinn.,  Ohio:  "One  night  I  went 
out  and  I  lost  my  door  key.  I  had  no  place 
to  go  and.  if  it  was  not  found  I  expected 
I  would  have  to  stay  on  the  back  porch  of 
the  house  until  morning.  I  looked  every- 
where and  I  could  not  find  the  key.  Coming 
home  discouraged  I  prayed  to  St.  Anthony 
to  help  me  find  the  key.  I  went  into  a 
drug  store  and  in  a  few  minutes  a  passer- 
by brought  in  a  key  which  had  just  been 
found  on  the  sidewalk  and  it  was  my  mis- 
sing key.  I  send  offering  for  St.  Anthony's 
Bread." 

Mrs.  J.  U.  U.,  New  York  City:  "I  recently 
lost  my  muff  at  a  railroad  station  and 
promised  St.  Anthony  an  offering  if  it  was 
found.  I  am  glad  to  say  that  I  got  it  back 
again  and   enclose  my  check  herewith." 


Address  all  petitions  to  ST.  ANTHONY'S  NOVENA,  FRIARS  OF  THE  ATONEMENT 
GRAYMOOR,  GARRISON,   N.  Y. 


Jury  Warrants  Cashed  Bell,  Main  1242 

SEA  FOODS  IN  SEASON 


Victor  J.  Klutho 

Architect  and 

m)t  ffimUx  ^cstmxmt        Superintendent 

Churches,  Schools,  and  Institutions 
J.  B.  SCHUMACKER  q    j     .     -r         d    ,j 

syndicate     1  rust    ouildmg 
Tenth    and    Olive    Streets 


418  Market  Street 


ST.  LOUIS,  MO. 


Saint    Louis,  Missouri 
Illinois  Licensed  Engineer 


1925  THE  FOSTNIGHTLY  REVIEW  <SD7 


.m^lMIMiMIMIMIMIMlMlMIMIMlMJMIMIMIMlMlMI^^ 


I 


^yUerited    Awards   gT    Distinction 

Gold  Medalists  of  Pope  Leo  XIII. 

Medallion  of  Honour  National  Academj^  of  Paris. 

Medallion  of  Honour  by  the  prince-bishop  of  Agram. 

Medallions  of  Honour  at  Universal  Exhibition  at  Philadelphia. 

Medallions  in  gold  and  silver  from  Thirty-five  great  Inter- 
national Exhibitions. 

Such  is  the  record  of  the  great 
INTERNATIONAL  ORGAN  BUILDING  FIRM 

E.  F.  Walcker  &  Go. 

Established    A.  D.  1786 

Ludwigsburg,  Germany 


The  New  Symphonic  Pipe  Organ,  now  being  introduced  in  this  country, 

establishes  the  claim, 

Foremost  Organ  Builders  of  the  World 


Above  Eleven  Hundred   Catholic  (^hurches  have  been  beautified  with 
Walcker  Symphonic  organs,  in  all  parts  of  the  world. 

In  the  great  St.  Peter's  Dome,  at  Kome,  the  center  of   Christendom, 
will  be  found  a  splendid  Walcker  organ,  built  in  1895. 


For  particulars,  and  specifications  of  this  incomparable 
tonal  instrument,  address 

Adolph  B.  Suess 

ART— CHURCH— FURNISHINGS 
1314  Lj^ch  Ave.  East  St.  Louis,  Illinois 


I 


508 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


December  15 


JUST  PUBLISHED 

Religious  and 
Ecclesiastical  Vocation 

By 

THE  REV.  A.  VERMEERSCH, 
S.  J..  J.  U.  D. 

Translated  from  the  Latin  by 

JOSEPH  G.  KEMPF 

Cloth,    8vo.,    VI   and    91    pages,    net    90 
cents. 

This  treatise  on  Eeligious  and  Eccle- 
siastical Vocation  gives  us  in  brief  but 
comprehensive  form  the  most  authorita- 
tive utterances  on  the  question  of  voca- 
tion, especially  of  vocation  to  the  reli- 
gious state. 

Dr.  Vermeersch  has  succeeded  in  giv 
ing  a  remarkably  clear  explanation  of  a 
difficult  subject.  The  book  is  not  an  in- 
vitation to  the  religious  life  or  to  the 
priesthood,  but  an  accurate  statement  of 
theological  principles,  together  with  the 
solution  of  numerous  difficulties. 

In  the  part  on  Religious  Vocation  the 
author  first  gives  the  correct  explanation 
of  those  texts  of  Holy  Scripture  which 
are  sometimes  misinterpreted  and  so 
give  rise  to  difficulties  and  erroneous 
opinions.  Then  he  summarizes  the  teach- 
ing of  Scripture  and  that  of  the  Fathers 
of  the  Church.  The  third  section  is  de- 
voted to  the  opinions  of  the  theologians. 
It  is  only  in  the  fourth  part  that  all 
this  evidence  is  gathered  into  the  prin- 
ciples which  make  up  the  sound  teaching 
on  Religious  Vocation. 

Dr.  Vermeersch 's  treatise  will  be  of 
interest  not  only  to  priests  and  students 
of  theology  but  to  all  Avho  desire  a  clear 
statement  of  sound  principles  on  the  sub- 
ject of  vocation.  It  should  prove  espe- 
cially helpful  to  those  who  are  contem- 
plating entry  to  the  religious  state  or 
to  the  priesthood. 


B.  Herder  Book  Co. 

17    South    Broadway,         St.   Louis,   Mo. 


MATTERS  LITURGICAL 

The    Collectio    Rerum    Liturgicarum    of 
Rev.  Joseph  Wuest,   C.  SS.  R. 


Translated   and   Revised   by- 
Rev.   Thomas  W.   Mullaney,  C.  SS.   R. 


To  the  priest  long  on  the  mission,  to 
the  newly-ordained,  and  to  the  semin- 
arian MATTERS  LITURGICAL  will 
make  a  special  appeal,  furnishing  him 
as  it  does  with  a  ready  answer  to  the 
many  questions  that  arise  in  the  nnin- 
istry,  when  he  has  not  the  leisure  or  the 
convenience  to  consult  larger  works  on 
the   Sacred    Liturgy. 

Handy  pocket  size   (3J/2x6  inches)    630 

pages.  Imitation       leather       binding. 

Net  $3.00. 


FREDERICK  PUSTET  CO. 

Incorporated 

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The  Fortnigfhtly  Review 


VOL.  XXXII,  Xo.  24 


ST.    LOUIS,    MISSOrEI 


Derenilici-   loth,   1^25 


^be  Carpenter  of  Betblebem 

By  Charles  J.   Quirk,  S,  J. 

Spring   Hill  College,   Mobile,    Alabama. 


Wlto  built  the  shed  at  Bethlehem, 

In   great    ohseurity    he   rests. 

Whose  shed  was  haven  for  such  guests. 

—Mary  O'Rourke. 

Still  CtocI,  perchance,  gave  him  to  see 
The  Splendour  of  those  Travelers  three; 
And  as  he  bent  to  hew  the  wood, 
Mayhap,  God's  vast  love  understood. 

And  when  at  last  he  laid  him  down, 

And  was  come  to  God's  half-way  Town 

(To  Limbo,  where  souls  once  must  wait 

Their  Saviour  to  unbar  Heaven's  Gate, 

When  His  redemptive  task  was  done, 

And  peace  and  love  supernal  won), 

This  man  saw  from  his  clear  star-height 

The  earth  lie  still  one  winter's  night; 

Beheld  a  throbbing  orb  beneath 

A  golden  radiance  unsheath 

Upon  his  lowly  cattle-shed. 

Where  now  God's  love  would  make  its  bed; 

And  saw  the  mighty  One  arrayed 

As  child,  within  a  manger  laid; 

Heard  as  our  Lady  hovered  by, 

A  mother's  lyric  lullaby. 

And  glimpsed  Saint  Joseph  kneeling  near. 

Shrined  in  each  eye  a  jewelled  tear 

Of  deepest  thankfulness  and'  joy. 

As  he  watched  Mary  and  God's  Bo}'. 

For  this  poor  man,  who  saw  such  bliss, 
What  wondrous   happiness  was   his ! 
What  sacred  gayety  was  given — 
A  foretaste  of  the  joj'S  of  Heaven ! 


51(1 


T  H 1-:    l<Y)R TX I G  n  T  I.  \-    H I-:  V I  K  w 


Dccciiilier  J') 


The    Santa    Claus     Cult     or     the    Santa     Claus     Myth 

By   Anthony  J.   Beck,   Editor  of  the   "Michigan    Catholic" 


A  certain  hook  of  Cliristuias  poems, 
stories,  and  articles  has  some  interest- 
ing' sideliiihts  on  the  Santa  Clans  myth 
and  its  possil)le  origin.  The  anthor, 
a  Protestant  ( oi"  at  least,  a  non-Cath- 
olic) (|not('s  t'l'oiu  a  history  of  New 
^'oi-k  City  by  Mrs.  Schnylcr  \'an 
Henssclaer. 

In  Germany,  Switzerland,  and  Hol- 
land St.  Nicholas  has  figured  for  many 
centuries  as  the  purveyor  of  gifts  to 
children  on  his  feast  day,  Dec.  6th. 
In  Holland  his  popularity  persisted 
into  Protestant  times,  after  the  so- 
called  Refoi-mation,  according  to  Mrs. 
\im  Rensselaer.  "The  cliildi-en  of  the 
Dutch,"  she  writes,  "still  believe  that 
St.  Nicholas  brings  the  gifts  that  they 
always  get  on  the  eve  of  his  titular  day. 
In  New  Amsterdam  this  day  was  one  of 
the  five  chief  feast  days  of  the  year. 
After  New  Orange  became  New  York 
the  characteristic  traits  of  the  Dutch 
children's  festival  were  transferred  to 
the  near-by  Christmas  festival,  which 
was  English  as  well  as  Dutch."" 

On  Manhattan,  bj'  a  gradual  consoli- 
dation of  the  two  festivals,  Christmas 
l)ecame  pre-eminently  a  children's  fes- 
tival, presided  over  by  the  children's 
saint.  But  his  name  was  meanwhile 
corrupted  t(»  Santa  Claus,  the  Dutch 
ec|uivalent  of  St.  Nicholas  being  St. 
Niclaes  or  San  Claas.  Gradually  sight 
was  lost  of  his  saintly  or  Christian 
origin.  Today  probably  the  great  ma- 
jority of  children  have  not  the  vaguest 
notion  of  his  relation  to  St.  Nicholas. 
Santa  Claus  has  become  a  completely 
secularized  figure,  whose  association 
with  Christmas  makes  him  an  excellent 
too^  of  commercialism. 

Henry  Fovd'ii  Dearborn  Independenf 
some  years  ago  carried  an  article  seek- 
ing to  prove  that  certain  anti-Christian 
or  un-Christian  influences  and  inter- 
ests had  deliberately  promoted  the  sec- 
ularization and  paganization  of  Christ- 
mas by  producing  meannigless  "Christ- 
mas'' cards  with  not  the  least  refer- 
ence to  the  original  Christmas  and  by 
making    this    yuletide    season    purely 


a  means  of  boo-tinu'  business.  It  the 
/ ii(h  j)t  )i(l(  iiTs  contribntoi'  was  c\en 
|)arlly  right,  we  ha\-e  a  further  ex- 
phniation  for  the  (h'velopnieiit  of  the 
Santa  Claus  cuil.  It  has  become  a 
vei-ital)le  idolatrx'.  for  it  makes  Santa 
the  center  of  the  great  feast.  Chi'istiau 
in  oi'igin,  aiul  crowds  the  l>abe  of 
Bethlehem  into  the  background  or  com- 
pletely off  the  stage.  If  it  did  not 
border  on  profanity,  one  might  say 
that  millions  of  Americans  figuratively 
place  Santa  in  the  crib,  that  is,  those 
who  have  some  vague  knowledge  of 
a  ci-ib  in  the  stable  at  Bethlehem. 

Cnfortunately,  large  numbers  of 
Catholics  ape  the  neo-pagans.  For 
months  before  Christmas  they  talk  of 
Santa  Claus  to  the  children  with  little 
or  no  reference  to  St.  Nicholas  or  the 
Christ  Child.  They  buy  and  use  so- 
called  Christmas  cards  with  nothing 
but  a  meaningless  candle  or  spray  of 
holly  or  a  picture  of  a  clumsy-booted, 
corpulent,  bewdiiskered  old  man  with 
a  pre-Yolstead  proboscis.  They  are 
too  "smart"  (or  rather  too  ignorant) 
to  patronize  stores  oifering  them  real 
Christmas  cards  with  scenes  reminis- 
cent of  the  first  Christmas  and  its  true 
meaning. 

Santa  Claus  is  all  right  in  his  place, 
as  the  agent  of  the  material  side  of 
Christmas,  as  a  minor  actor  in  the  great 
drama.  The  center  of  the  stage  be- 
longs to  the  Crib  of  Bethlehem  and  to 
the  Divine  Infant.  If  Santa  must  be 
there,  let  him  be  sufficiently  Christian 
to  kneel  with  the  shepherds.  The 
feast  is  Christmas,  named  for  Christ, 
not  "Santa-mas,"  as  some  people  would 
make  it. 


THE  WIND 

By   CharJrs  J.    Quirk,   S.   J. 
Tlu'  wind  (Mine  wliistling'  throujih  the  trees. 
Whistling-  cool  clear  melodies. 
The  iiioht  seemed  brighter  since  he  came, 
The  stars  shone  clearer  in  Dark's  frame, 
While  ^voods  and  flowers  muttered,   "  Lo ! 
Autumnal  days  are  here,  you  know." 


1925  THE   FORTNIGHTLY   REVIP:W  511 

EVOLUTION   IN   THE   LIGHT   OF    GEOLOGY 

With  Special  Reference  to  Dr.  Barry  O'Toole's   "The  Case  Against 

Evolution" 

By  the  Rev.   Stephen  Richarz,  S.   V.  D.,  Professor   of  Geology, 
St.   Mary's   Mission   House,    Techny,    Illinois 


II 

Other  objections  of  Mr.  Price  against 
the  time-value  of  our  geologic  system 
based  on  fossilized  organisms  are  best 
refuted  by  explaining  the  methods  by 
Avhich  this  system  was  established.  The 
research  started  from  deposits 
in  which  the  normal  se(iuence  of  strata 
is  beyond  (|uestion.  These  were 
searched  for  fossils  fi-oiu  the  bottom 
to  the  top.  Thus,  for  instance,  the 
Jurassic  system  in  Germany  couhl  Ijc 
separated  by  painstaking  Avork  into 
some  thirty  horizons,  each  of  tliem 
characterized  by  organisms  ditfering 
from  one  horizon  to  the  other,  but  by 
small  degrees.  The  same  researches 
were  extended  to  England  and  France 
and  the  same  sequence  of  fossils  was 
met  with.  In  the  Alps  quite  different 
rocks  were  deposited  in  the  same  pe- 
riod, l)ut  in  spite  of  that,  tlie  sequence 
of  the  fossils  is  the  same.  Later  the 
same  sequence  was  also  found  in  India, 
the  East   Indies,   and   South  America. 

What  Avas  started  in  this  way  in  the 
Jurassic  period,  was  pursued  in  other 
formations  by  various  geologists.  The 
lowest  Jurassic  strata  in  the  Alps  rest 
above  another  system  whicli  is  there 
fully  developed,  the  Triassic  ])eriod. 
At  other  places  below  this  appear 
Paleozoic  formations,  which  were  stud- 
ied in  the  same  way, whereas  formations 
above  the  Jurassic  were  searched  for 
fossils  at  other  localities.  The  result 
of  all  this  international  work  is  be- 
fore us  to-day  in  the  list  of  fossils 
of  the  various  periods.  It  was  in- 
variably found  that  the  sequence  of 
the  fossils  was  the  same  the  whole 
world  over ;  nowhere  was  an  inverse 
order  encountered.  Of  course,  the 
wliole  series  is  nowhere  developed, 
but  wherever  the  relation  of  two  or 
more  formations  could  be  observed,  it 
was  alwavs  found  to  be  the  same. 


These  are  facts,  well  established  by 
research  work  the  world  over.  From 
them  geologists  infer  that  strata  eon- 
taining  the  same  fossils,  though  widely 
scattered  over  the  globe,  are  contem- 
porary. This  conclusion  has  become 
a  first  principle  in  geology  ;  on  it  rests 
the  whole  edifice  of  the  earth's  history. 
Herbert  Spencer  and  Thomas  H.  Hux- 
ley have  objected  to  it  as  philosophers. 
But  in  spite  of  their  objections,  the 
principle  stands  unshaken.  If  we  find, 
for  instance,  marine  animals  (ammon- 
ites), which  occur  fossilized  in  the 
Alps,  in  tlie  very  same  form  in  the 
Himalayas  and  in  the  Sierras  of  our 
western  States,  only  one  assumption 
is  reasonable ;  namely,  that  all  these 
organisms  were  living  in  a  vast  ocean, 
which  extended  from  India  over  Europe 
to  Western  America.  And  this 
conclusion  is  highly  confirmed  if  the 
same  observation  can  be  made,  niK- 
fdfis  iniifdudis.  in  numerous  other  pe- 
riods of  the  earth's  history.  It  is  pre- 
posterous to  suppose,  as  Mr.  Price  does, 
that  at  the  same  long  period  in  the 
same  ocean,  trilobites  were  living  in 
one  place  and  ammonites  in  another, 
without  any  mixture. 

A  difficulty  arises  when  we 
deal  with  organisms  found  in  separated 
water  basins  and  on  dry  land. 
But  even  here  the  sj-nchronism  can 
often  be  established  by  intercalated 
marine  deposits,  and  it  is  then  also 
found  that  the  continental  organisms 
of  each  period  are  characteristic,  al- 
though in  such  cases  the  work  is  more 
troublesome  and  subject  to  correction 
and  change.  An  instance  is  mentioned 
by  0 'Toole  on  page  95,  relating  to  the 
Siwalik  beds. 

However,  it  must  be  borne  in  mind 
that  even  in  the  marine  fauna  of  the 
same  period  there  may  be  a  great  var- 
iety'',   caused    probably    by    differences 


512 


THE    FOKTMGIlTr.V   KKVIKW 


I>oreiiiber  1- 


ill  climate  and  local  coiKlitioiis  of  the 
ocean  and  the  continents.  Gniding  fos- 
sils (index-fossils)  of  one  area  may  be 
absent  or  rare  in  another,  and  vice 
versa.  But  the  ensemble  of  all  the 
fossils  of  a  particular  period  is  char- 
acteristic of  that  period  and  of  no 
other. 

Seeing  a  single  fossil,  one  will  often 
be  at  a  loss  to  locate  it,  but  wandering 
through  a  paleontologic  museum 
everyone  is  surprised  at  finding,  on 
the  one  hand  the  difference  of  the 
fossils  of  different  formations,  on  the 
other,  the  similarity'  of  the  contem- 
poraneous fossils  gathered  from  va- 
rious parts  of  the  world. 

Equipped  with  these  facts  and 
principles,  it  will  be  easy  to  appreciate 
the  value  of  Dr.  0 'Toole's  quotations 
from  Pi'ice.  Price  can  not  allege  any 
fact  that  would  invalidate  the  generally 
accepted  system  of  the  extinct  organic 
world.  When  older  rocks  occur  above 
younger  rocks  (0 'Toole,  ]i.  100  and 
p.  104),  this  is  caused  by  disturbances; 
when  young  rocks  rest  immediately  on 
very  old  ones,  it  is  because  there  was 
no  sedimentation  at  this  place  for  a 
long  time ;  it  was  ahvays  dry  land,  or 
the  intermediate  rocks  have  been  re- 
moved  by  erosion.  Furthermore,  the 
consolidation  of  rocks  has  no  bearing 
at  all  on  age.  Hence,  the  facts  men- 
tioned by  0 'Toole  (l.  c.)  are  no  ob- 
jection to,  and  no  exception  from,  the 
invariable  order  of  the  fossiliferous 
strata.  Even  if  two  formations  which 
are  separated  by  a  long  time  interval 
are  conformably  one  above  the  other 
(0 'Toole,  p.  105  ff.),  this  can  not  be 
admitted  as  a  proof  against  the  time- 
scale.  In  such  rare  cases  geologists 
assume  a  time  interval  in  which  the 
area  in  question  M^as  dry  land  corre- 
sponding to  the  missing  formations.  Ac- 
cording to  Price,  in  the  example  quot- 
ed, the  ocean  about  Louisville,  Ivy., 
must  have  been  the  habitat  of  organ- 
isms very  different  from  those  which 
were  living  in  the  same  ocean  a  short 
distance  away,  where  the  missing  form- 
ations with  the  corresponding  fossils 
are  found.  It  is  true,  the  observed 
conformity  where  an  inconformity 
should  be   expected,   puzzles  the  geol- 


ogist. But  this  rare  exception  to  a 
general  rule  can  be  plausibly  explained, 
^\hereas  Mr.  Price's  assumption  is 
against  all  experience  in  the  past  as 
Avell  is  in  the  oceans  of  to-day.  Dr. 
() "Toole's  remark  (page  110)  on  tlie 
occurrence  of  younger  fossils  together 
with  older  ones  and  the  recurrence  of 
characteristic  [?]  fossils  in  different 
periods,  is  sufficiently  refuted  by  the 
reminder  that  no  single  fossil  is  de- 
cisive, but  the  whole  fauna  of  a  period 
or  horizon  must  be  considered  togeth- 
er. The  "al)undant  fossil  remains  of 
tropical  plants  and  animals  found  in 
Avhat  ai'e  now  tlie  frozen  arctic  reg- 
ions," are  not  "uinnistakalile  evidence 
of  a  sudden  catastrophic  change  l)y 
wliicli  a  once  genial  climate  was  abru])t- 
ly  terminated"  (0 'Toole,  p.  111).  A 
slow  deterioration  of  the  climate  would 
account  just  as  well  for  the  extermina- 
tion of  those  organisms  adapted  to  a 
higher  temperature  (they  were  not 
troj^icall)  ;  and  such  a  slow  change  is 
the  rule.  Nor  is  the  freezing  and 
preservation  of  tlie  flesh  of  Siberian 
elephants  an  evidence  of  a  general 
catastrophe;  it  was  a  mere  accident: 
mammoths  Avei-e  trai)ped  in  ice  cre- 
vasses, hidden  by  soil  and  vegetation. 

It  is  regrettable  that  Dr.  0 'Toole 
wastes  so  much  time  and  space 
(15  pages)  in  reproducing  the  views 
of  Price.  If  he  would  write  for  geolo- 
gists it  would  not  matter  so  much, 
but  for  those  who  are  not  trained  in 
geologic  questions, — i.  e.,  nearly  all 
the  readers  of  his  book, — it  is  sure  to 
prove  a  cause  of  confusion  and  em- 
barrassment, because  they  will  be  un- 
able to  discover  the  fallacies :  they  are 
unaware  that  Price 's  book  is  a  travesty 
on  the  real  science  of  geology; — he 
himself  suggests  this  verdict  on  page 
679. 

Only  one  more  illustration  of  this 
statement.  Price  asserts  that  man  be- 
fore the  deluge  must  have  been 
"physically  splendid"  and  that  we 
have  ''the  most  reliable  of  scientific 
reasons"  for  assuming  that  he  was 
very  tall;  "the  modern  representatives 
are  dwarfs  in  comparison."  As  a  mat- 
ter of  fact,  science  does  not  know  any- 
thing at  all  about  that,  but  points  with 


1925 


THE  FORTXIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


513 


some  probability  to  the  contrary.  "We 
are  told  that  the  Creator  undertook 
deliberately  to  destroy  that  ungodly 
race;  and  we  can  only  suppose  that 
He  accomplished  this  work  in  a  com- 
plete and  satisfactory  manner,  and  that 
He  buried  their  remains  so  completely 
that  we  have  not  yet  found  any  of 
them"  (p.  706).  Sapienti  sat!  Cath- 
olics who  advertise  this  man  Price  by 
reprinting'  his  criticism  should  know 
his  bombastic  verdict  on  the  Catholic 
Middle  Ages:  "On  the  breaking  up 
of  the  Roman  Empire,  the  world  re- 
lapsed into  semi-barbarism;  and  for 
many  centuries,  a  barren  system  of 
false  education  and  false  method  of 
thinking  blighted  the  healthy  develo]v 
ment  of  the  human  mind.  But  with 
the  revival  of  learning  and  the  Ref- 
ormation, men  awoke  as  from  an 
hypnotic  sleep  of  ages,  and  began  to 
inquire  for  new  worlds  to  explore  and 
new  realms  of  knowledge  to  study 
out"    (p.  588). 

(To  he  condnded) 


"The  Miracle" 

Rt.  Rev.  James  E.  Cassidy,  Y.  G.,  of 
Fall  River,  Mass.,  who  recently  wit- 
nessed "The  Miracle,"  the  spectacular 
production  now  so  widely  advertised 
all  over  the  country,  says  in  a  review 
of  it  in  the  Patrician : 

This  production  is  advertised  widely 
for  its  colossity,  but  to  us  its  most 
colossal  characteristic  is  the  nerve  of 
those  who  invite  Catholics  to  attend  a 
scenic  production  where  Catholic  cere- 
mony {sic)  is  aped  and  church  archi- 
tecture faked  to  dress  the  drab  story 
of  a  fallen  nun.  For  this  is  the  cen- 
tral theme  of  this  wideh'-heralded  pro- 
duction. From  A.  P.  A.  and  K.  K.  K. 
sources  we  have  lately  been  flooded 
with  stories  of  escaped  nuns  and  fallen 
religious,  but  this  is  the  first  time,  to 
our  knowledge,  that  Catholics  'have 
been  invited  to  subscribe,  by  their  pat- 
ronage, to  the  defamation  of  their  own 
devoted  and  consecrated  virgins. 

A  newlj-professed  nun,  locked  in  a 
church  over  night  by  her  superior  for 
some  indiscretion,  forsakes  her  Eternal 
Spouse  and  flees  the  cloister  with  her 


knightly  (or  nightly)  seducer.  A 
statue  of  the  Virgin,  prominent^ 
placed,  comes  to  life,  arraj's  itself  in 
the  nun's  discarded  garb  and  takes, 
in  the  community  of  the  religious,  the 
place  of  the  escaped  nun.  After  a 
variety  of  experiences,  gorgeously  and 
grotesquely  staged,  the  one-time  nun 
returns  with  her  baby  in  her  arms 
(mark  you!  the  baby  in  her  arms),. the 
substituting  statue  returns  to  its  ped- 
estal, shields  with  its  robes  the  dead 
body  of  the  baby,  and  the  restored  ( ?) 
nun  returns  to  her  wonted  place  in  her 
community.  I  wonder  how  many  Cath- 
olics will  pay  the  price  to  see  this  sick- 
ening  story   staged? 

What  pleasure  will  it  bring  to  Cath- 
olics to  see  a  myriad  of  stage  habitues 
clad  in  counterfeits  of  the  habits  in 
which  Catholics  are  wont  to  see  their 
loved  and  devoted  and  consecrated 
virgins?  What  pleasure  will  it  bring 
to  Catholics  to  see  aped  and  faked 
the  holy  ceremonies  of  the  church?  To 
see  pseudo-nuns  and  priests  and  bishop 
genuflect  in  sacrilegious  repetition  as 
they  cross  before  the  altar  {sic)  ?  To 
see,  God  save  the  mark !  a  fake  pro- 
cession of  the  Blessed  Sacrament,  stage- 
hands clad  in  faked  priestly  garments 
pretending  with  all  solemnity  to  giA^e 
Solemn  Benediction,  and  the  very 
litanies  and  prayers  of  the  church 
shouted  and  sung  in  shameful  show? 
The  papier-mache  Gothic  arches  stretch 
across  the  stage  in  all  their  falsity  and 
fake ;  an  altar  such  as  church  has  never 
seen  rises  to  form  a  fooling  back- 
ground ;  indecorous  and  ugly  and  awk- 
ward pseudo-sisters  scamper  about  like 
frightened  ants  upon  a  disturbed  ant- 
hill ;  the  most  solemn  ceremonies  of  the 
church  are  invaded  and  violated ;  neith- 
er sister  nor  priest  nor  bishop  is  safe 
from  simulation ;  nay  more,  the  Hol.y, 
Sainted  Mother  of  God  is  simulated, — 
and  for  what  goodly  purpose?  To 
point  a  moral  or  adorn  a  tale  ?  No ! 
This  Greatest  Show  on  Earth  is  moral- 
less.  It  is  but  fashioned  to  adorn  a  tale, 
the  tale  of  a  fallen  nun,  told  for  the 
taking  of  shekels 

In  our  estimation  'The  Miracle,'  as 
we  saw  it  in  New  York,  is  a  travesty 
on  things  religious;  it  is  a  slur,  con- 


.314 


TiiK  F()l;T^■I(iIn"L^    i;k\"i  k\v 


'111 her   lo 


se-ious  or  lUH'onscidUs,  upon  tlic  life 
of  holy,  defenseless,  and  uiioffendiii!^' 
relio'ious;  it  is  al^sohitely  without  his- 
ti-ionic  niei-it,  save  the  Liyinuastie 
al)ility  of  a  woman  to  pose,  uunioved, 
foi'  half  an  hour  or  so;  it  is  (le<irada- 
tion  of  things  sacred  and  holy; — in  a 
woi'd,  it  is  a  ooroeously  arrayed  ex- 
l)loitation  of  Catholie  ehureh  ceremon- 
ial,— by  those  who  have  exploitatioo 
down  to  a  science.  Xo  doubt  it  Avill 
find  sponsors  where  one  miji'lit  least  ex- 
pect to  find  them  and  defenders  where 
one  mioht  well  expect  to  find  condem- 
ners.  In  that  it  mav  prove  its  war- 
rant for  its  name  'The  .Miracle,' — not 
in  the  pi-oduction  but  in  tlie  "put- 
ting- it  over  on  the  ])ubli;'." 


Injustice  to  a  Catholic  Scholar 

A  "revised  and  augmented,""  H]ng- 
lish  edition  of  Father  Hugo  Ober- 
maier's  classic  work,  "El  Hombre  Fos- 
sil""  (Madrid,  1916)  has  been  published 
under  the  title,  "Fossil  Man  in  Spain,"" 
hy  the  Yale  University  Press.  The 
fact  that  it  has  an  introduction  by  11. 
F.  Osborn,  inspires  anything  but  con- 
fidence, and  Ave  are  not  surprised  to 
see  the  translation  severely  criticiz<^d 
by  an  English  expert  in  the  Literary 
S}(pple»ie)it  of  the  London  Times  (No. 
12.S0), — first,  because  of  the  misleading 
limitation  of  the  title  (for  the  book  is 
really  a  comprehensive  account  of  the 
archeological  evidence  of  the  Stone  Age 
for  man's  prehistoric  record)  ;  and,  sec- 
ondly, because  Prof.  Osliorn  has  not 
only  contributed  a  misleading  intro- 
duction, but  inserted  his  OAvn  private 
opinions  into  Dr.  ()l)ermaier"s  text. 
The  Times  critic  says: 

"Prof.  Osborn  ...  in  his  short  inti'o- 
duction  tries  to  i)rovide  a  general 
sketch  of  Spanish  i)re-history  conceived 
in  terms  of  the  successive  invasi(ms 
which  the  country  has  sutfered  ;  but,  to 
be  perfectly  frank,  it  is  disappointing, 
any  such  highly  compressed  version  of 
the  vei-y  com])lex  facts  necessarily  in- 
volving a  certain  appearance  of  dog- 
matism. In  this  connection,  too,  the 
doubt   mav   be   raised   whether   it   Avas 


wise  of  Prof.  ()sl)oi'n  to  insert  his  pri- 
Aate  opinions  into  the  text  of  the  third 
chapter,  dealing  with  the  plants  and 
animals  of  the  glacial  e])och,  which  has 
been  substituted  for  the  original  treat- 
ment, the  latter  having  been  relegated 
to  an  api)endix  as  being  somewhat  tech- 
laical  in  its  style.  As  it  is,  a  hasty 
reader  might  almost  excusably  conclude 
that  Prof.  Obermaier  l)elieves  in  Ter- 
tiary Man,  whereas  the  whole  purport 
of  his  cliai)ter  is  that  he  does  not." 

"El  Hombre  Fossil"  is  the  result  of 
many  years"  of  scliolai'ly  collaboration 
hy  Dr.  Hugo  Obermaier  and  the  Abbe 
Henri  Breuil,  and  it  is  refreshing  to  see 
the  Times  critic  (ibid.)  refer  to  these 
learned  Catholic  jH'iests,  as  "Arcades 
ambo"  and  say  that  Ave  must  "leave  to 
posterity  the  invidious  task  of  deter- 
mining Avhich  of  the  two  has  doiie — or 
rather,  since  both  of  them  are  still  at 
the  full  heiglit  of  their  powers,  Avill 
have  done — more  to  establish  i)rehis- 
toric  archeology  on  as  sound  a  basis  as 
any  department  of  the  science  of  man 
can  be  shoAvn  to  possess."  The  more's 
the  pity  that  these  tAvo  eminent  .scholars 
have  fallen  into  the  hands  of  Henry 
h'airchild  Osborne  ! 


Notes  and  Gleanings 


For  the  thirty-.second  time  since  its 
establishment  the  Fortnightly  Revikw 
Avishes  its  subscribers  a  Merry  Christ- 
mas and  a  Happy  Xcav  Year. 


The  Commission  on  the  Code  replied 
in  answei'  to  two  (|uestions  ]nit  by 
the  Apostolic  Delegate  (A.  Ap.  ^'rr/.. 
1!)1!*),  that  the  particular  dispositions 
of  the  Council  of  Baltimore  regarding 
the  ch(»ice  of  an  administrator  of  a 
A'acant  episcojial  see  Avere  abrogated 
by  the  Code'  and  canon  427  must  be 
observed.  Hence  the  body  of  diocesan 
consultors  have  the  right  of  ele-tinu- 
a  vicar  capitular  (or  administrator") 
to  govern  the  s(>e  when  vacant,  but 
they  no  longer  have  a  voice  in  th(^ 
choice^  of  a  ])isho]). 

The  Catholic  Insti-uction  League,  of 
Avhich  Rev.   .John   Lyons,   S.  J.,   is  the 


1925 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY   REVIEW 


515 


General  Director,  has  been  elevated 
to  the  dignity  of  a  primary  union  with 
the  privilege  of  plenary  indulgences 
for  members  on  the  fulfillment  of  spe- 
cified conditions.  Father  Lyons  found- 
ed the  League  in  1912.  Prom  Chicago 
it  has  been  extended  to  twenty  other 
archdioceses  and  dioceses  of  the  Ignited 
States  and  to  a  number  of  dioceses  in 
otlier  countries.  It  has  l^een  instru- 
mental in  giving  religious  instruction 
to  some  100,000  Catholic  public  school 
jHipils  and  vounu'  childi-en.  Approx- 
imately 2,000,000^  Cath(;lic  children  at- 
tend public  s'hool.  The  League 
establishes  catcdiism  or  instruction 
centers  in  suitable  locations,  wliere 
the  children  are  gathered  once 
or  twice  a  Aveek  and  given  instruction 
by  zealous  lay  teachers  under  the 
direction  of  the  pastors.  Each  year 
the  League  conducts  a  number  of  Xa- 
cation  School  Evening  Classes,  Cln-ist- 
mas  celebrations,  summer  outings  and 
normal    classes   for   catechists. 


"Was  Christopher  Columl)us  a 
Jew?"  by  Walter  F.  McEnright.  con- 
tains too  much  extraneous  matter  antl 
disregards  the  critical  method  of  re- 
search too  flagrantly  to  be  of  any 
real  value.  The  author  is  an  amateur 
in  the  field  of  history,  and  such  dif- 
ficult questions  as  that  which  he  dis- 
cusses cannot  be  >oh'ed  by  amateurs. 
(Boston:  Tlie  Stratford  Co.) 


The  London  Tablet  is  unfortunately 
right  Avhen  it  says  that  too  many  of  the 
books  about  St.  Teresa  of  Lisieux  are 
"dull  and  flat."  An  exception  is 
"Truly  a  Lover,"  by  the  Rev.  John 
Carr,  C.  SS.  R.,  who  contends  that 
the  term  "lover''  has  been  unduly 
monopolized  by  poets  and  novelists  and 
shows  how  Teresa  of  Lisieux  was  a  true 
lover  in  the  most  exalted  sense  of  the 
term.  It  is  refreshing  to  see  him  em- 
phasize the  point  that  the  mission  of 
the  "Little  Flower"  is  "not  to  adapt 
the  Gospel  to  the  dilettante  spirituality 
of  so  many  around  us ;  to  smoothe  away 
its  roughnesses ;  ...  so  to  broaden  the 
way  of  Christ  that  it  ceases  to  be  a  nar- 
row one ;  so  to  bestrew  its  paths  with 
the    flowers    of    pretty    devotions    and 


maudlin  sentimentalities,  that  its 
thorns  and  its  stones  no  longer  wound 
the  climbino'  feet.''     (B.  Herder  Book 

Co.)  ^       

Msgr.  Horace  K.  Mann 's  great  work, 
"The  Lives  of  the  Popes  in  the  Early 
Middle  Ages"  has  begun  to  appear  in 
a  second  edition  (Kegan  Paul,  Trench, 
Triibner  &  Co.  and  B.  Llerder  Book 
Co.)  The  first  eight  volumes  (of  which 
Vol.  I  is  in  two  separately  l)ound  parts) 
reached  us  a  few  weeks  ago.  They 
seem  to  be  reprinted  from  the  orig- 
inal jJates  without  any  alterations. 
One  should  have  thought  that  new  re- 
searches would  have  necessitated  some 
corrections  and  additions.  But  it  is 
good  to  have  this  work,  \^»lumes  I  and 
II  of  which  have  been  out  of  print  for 
some  time,  available  once  more  even  in 
its  original  form,  for  it  is  the  only 
reliable  work  extant  on  that  period  of 
the  history  of  the  papacy  which  extends 
from  St.  Gregory  the  Great  to  Martin 
V  (1-1:17—1431 )," with  whom  Dr.  Pastor 
begins  his  monumental  "Geschichte." 
Let  us  lio])e  not  only  that  Msgr. 
Manii's  voluuK^s  will  soon  be  available 
again,  but  that  he  may  be  enabled  to 
(■omi)lete  his  work,  which  so  far  only 
reaches  to  the  ])ontificate  of  Innocent 
III,  inclusively.  (  ^'ol.  XIII  has  mean- 
Avhile  appeared  and  Avill  be  noticed 
later.)  

"St.  Thomas  Acjuinas :  Papers  from 
the  Summer  School  of  Catholic  Studies 
Held  at  Cambridge,  Aug.  4-9,  1924," 
edited  by  the  Rev.  C.  Lattey,  S.  J., 
is  a  valuable  collection  to  which  the 
late  Abbot  Janssens,  0.  S.  B.,  Fr.  P. 
P.  Mackey,  0.  P.,  Dr.  R.  Downey, 
Dr.  Francis  Aveling,  Dr.  Michael  Cro- 
nin,  PV.  Bede  Jarrett,  0.  P.,  and  other 
English  scholars  have  contributed.  The 
papers  bear  throughout  the  evidence 
of  wide  scholarship  and  careful  re- 
search. Dr.  Aveling,  while  admitting 
that  many  of  the  conclusions  arrived 
at  by  St.  Thomas  in  the  realm  of  physics 
and  astronomy,  have  been  rejected  by 
modern  science,  thinks  that  his  psy- 
chology is  ' '  in  closer  touch  with  modern 
thought."  Dr.  Bullough  traces  the 
evidence  for  the  influence  of  St.  Thom- 
as on  Dante.  (B.  Herder  Book  Co.) 


516 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


December  15 


The  Catholic  Library,  interrupted  by 
the  World  War,  has  been  revived.  The 
new  series  begins  with  "The  Last  Let- 
ters of  Blessed  Thomas  More,  Intro- 
duced by  Cardinal  Gasquet  and  Edited 
with  Connecting  Narrative  by  W.  E. 
Campbell."'  The  greater  number  of 
these  letters  were  written  when  Sir 
Thomas  had  little  hope  to  escape  the 
toils  of  his  royal  enemy,  Henry  VIII. 
They  are  of  historical  importance,  for 
five*^  of  them  are  addressed  to  the 
King  and  disprove  the  charge  that 
the  martyr  was  involved  in  treason- 
able designs,  more  especially  in  the 
alfair  of  the  Holy  Maid  of  Kent.  The 
remainder  of  the  letters  were  mainly 
written  to  Sir  Thomas's  beloved 
daughter,  Margaret  Roper,  and  breathe 
a  spirit  of  genuine  heroism.  (The 
Manresa  Press  and  B.  Herder  Book 
Co.)  

The  Rev.  John  Donovan,  S.  J.,  has 
published    a    "Theory    of    Advanced 
Greek  Prose  Composition,"  with  a  di- 
gest of  Greek  idioms,  in  three  volumes 
"(Oxford:  Basil  Blackwell),  which  will 
prove  of  real  value  to  all  who  not  only 
aim   at    acquiring    a   correct    style   of 
Greek    prose    composition,    but    whose 
ambition  is  the   translation   of   Greek 
authors  into   good   English.       Expert 
knowledge  of  the  New  Testament  and 
Septuagnit  language  cannot  be  left  to 
the  exclusive  monopoly  of  Rationalists 
and  atheists.     To  expound  and  defend 
the    Scriptures,    the    Catholic    Church 
needs  those  who  have  been  through  the 
drill  of  Greek  philology.     The  volumes 
Avill  be   found  most   useful  by   every 
teacher  of   Greek;  and  will  be  indis- 
pensable to  undergraduates  who  aspire 
to  classical  scholarship.     In  fine,  to  all 
who  desire  to  acquire  a  scholastic  know- 
ledge of  the  most  perfect  instrument 
of  speech  the  world  has  ever  known, 
the   method   of   treatment,   the   philo- 
sophical exposition  of  Greek  idioms,  the 
sound  method  of  classification  and  il- 
luminating lists  of  examples  of  Greek 
idioms,  the  systematic  effort  to  get  at 
the  principles  underlying  divergences 
between  Greek  and  English,  commend 
these  volumes  as  a  storehouse  of  scien- 
tific knowledge   of   Greek  prose   com- 


position, both  for  teachers  of  Greek  and 
for  students  of  ability. 

The  Rev.  Bernard  Jansen,  S.  J.,  has 
written  a  volume  of  philosophical  es- 
says under  the  title,  "Wege  der  AYelt- 
weisheit,"  dealing  with  such  topics  as 
Scholastic  and  modern  philosophy,  the 
philosophy  of  St.  Augustine,  the  teach- 
ing of  St.  Thomas  and  its  significance 
for  our  time,  Leibniz  and  his  system, 
Kant  as  the  Rationalist  philosopher 
of  religion,  Rudolf  Eucken's  and  other 
philosophical  systems  in  present-day 
Germany,  the  rational  and  irrational 
element  in  religion,  etc.  The  basic  idea 
of  this  collection,  the  one  which  inspires 
all  the  author's  philosophical  writings. 
is  "to  render  Scholasticism  fruitful 
for  the  struggling  and  striving  men 
of  the  present  day."  "AVege  der 
Weltweisheit "  is  not  only  highly  in- 
structive, but  also,  unlike  most  other 
German  books  on  philosophy,  clearly 
and  interestingly  written.  The  author 
looks  forward  (p.  230)  to  "an  organic 
and  at  the  same  time  critically  well 
established  combination  of  subjectivism 
and  objectivism,  of  critical  noetics  and 
metaphysics,  which,  like  antiquity  and 
the  Middle  Ages,  sees  its  principal  task 
in  the  cognition  of  things,  but  seeks 
the  way  to  that  goal  ultimately  in 
consciousness  and  its  data,  i.  e.,  in 
science  generally  and  in  the  individual 
sciences  in  particular."     (Herder). 

Bishop  Alexander  MacDonald  has 
issued  a  new  and  enlarged  edition  of 
his  book,  "The  Apostle's  Creed."  He 
traces  the  history  of  that  Creed  to  the 
old  Roman  Creed  of  the  second  cen- 
tury, but  beyond  that  we  are  clearly 
in  the  realm  of  conjecture.  Dr.  Mac- 
Donald  works  out  his  argument  very 
persuasively,  but  the  careful  reader 
feels  that  he  has,  after  all,  left  the 
Apostolic  origin  of  the  Creed  at  most 
a  probability.  There  is  not  one  con- 
clusive argument  to  show  that  the 
Creed  must  have  always  consisted  of 
twelve  articles  and  that  it  must  have 
been  drawn  up  by  the  Apostles  them- 
selves before  they  left  Jerusalem.  Need- 
less to  add,  the  controversy  is  of  no  dog- 
matic importance.  (B.  Herder  Book 
Co.) 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEA^EW 


517 


Adding  Beauty  to  Harmony  in 

Hundreds  of  Churches 

To  the  beauty  of  religion,  the  Kilgen  adds  the  best  that  the 
skill  and  experience  of  man  is  able  to  fashion, — the  beauty  of 
flowing,  stately  melody.  In  the  Kilgen  you  produce  dignity  with- 
out dullness,  attain  clearly  marked  rhythm  and  achieve  vivid 
dynamic  contrasts. 

Every  Kilgen  is  built  to  accomplish  its  inspiring  task.  Let  our 
architects  confer  w^ith  yours,  there  is  no  obligation  on  your  part. 


MAIN  OFFICE  &   PLANT 


St.  Louis,  Mo. 


Correspondence 


The  Boy  Scouts  and  Military  Trappings 

To  the  Editor:— 

The  Eev.  gentleinan  from  Louisville  who  in 
the  F.  E.  of  Xovember  15th  denies  that  the 
Boy  Scouts  have  any  connection  with  the  IT. 
S.  army  and  are  not,  as  it  were,  a  preparatory 
school  for  the  "damnable"  Prussian  militar- 
ism, to  eradicate  which  was,  according  to  the 
late  Mr.  Wilson,  one  of  the  reasons  for  the 
Tnited  States  entering  the  war,  is  either  mis- 
informed, mistaken  or  wilfully  blind  to  facts. 
Only  to-day  a  troup  of  Boy  Scouts  entered 
the  same  Meramec  Highlands  street  car  in 
which  I  Avas  going  home.  Each  one  had  a 
knapsack  marked  V.  S.,  a  blanket  wrapped  up 
in  military  fashion  and  bearing  U.  S.  on  the 
edge,  wore  the  well-known  military  suit  and 
hat  and  carried  in  his  belt  a  regulation  mili- 
tary aluminum  canteen  such  as  soldiers  have 
when  travelling  in  uniform.  Now,  while 
Uncle  Sam  is  generally  represented  to  be  a 
very  benevolent  old  gentleman,  I  do  not  think 
he  would,  without  good  reason,  go  to  all  the 
expense  of  furnishing  military  trappings  to 
these  youngsters  unless  he  had  in  mind  to 
create  in  them  that  military  spirit  which  was 
declared  to  be  so  odious  eight  years  ago. 
Kirkwood,   Mo.  L.    Blankemeier 


"Whitewashing    Saints" 

To    the    Editor:  — 

In  one  of  our  leading  monthly  magazines 
there  recently  appeared  an  erudite  article  un- 
der the  foregoing  caption.  The  admonitory 
portion  of  it  Avould,  methinks,  have  been  a 
little  more  apropos  in  the  Apostolic  age  than 
during  this  progressive  century  of  telegraph, 
telephone  and  radio   communication. 

St.  Jerome  and  TertuUian  relate  that  a  cer- 
tain priest  in  Ephesus  was  deposed  by  St. 
.John  the  TCvangelist,  because,  out  of  venera- 
tion for  St.  Paul  and  St.  Thecla,  he  falsified 
the  accounts  of  their  arduous  missions  and 
sufferings.  Lying,  of  course,  is  essentially 
wrong,  and  should  never  be  used  as  an  in- 
centive to  virtue.  For  a  while  it  may  pro- 
duce a  profound  impression,  especially  upon 
immature  minds,  but  eventually  it  defeats  its 
own  purpose  by  exciting  derision  and  con- 
tempt. Xo  modern  hagiographer  could  be 
temjjted  to  prevaricate  about  the  saints  and 
expect  to  get  away  with  it.  The  means  at 
our  disposal  of  checking  up  grotescpie  asser- 
tions are  multifarious.  The  metropolitan 
press  does  not  consider  expense  in  sending 
trained  reporters  to  cover  every  extraordinary 
story  regarded  as  news. 

After  lugging  in  Eve 's  ' '  insatiable 
curiosity  and  vanity,  Adam's  spinelessness, 
Xoah  's        drunkenness,        the        contemptible 


518 


THK    FOirrXKillTLV    UKVIKW 


Dei-euiluT    1.1 


WiDMER  Engineering  Company 


LOUIS   PREUSS 

ASSOCIATED 

ARCHITECTS 


LACLEDE  GAS  BUILDING 


ST.  LOUIS 


MO 


trciu-licrv  of  Hel)t'cc;i  .-iikI  .lacoli,  tlu'  luxiiriinis- 
lU'ss  (if  Solomon,''  liaviiijj,  in  a  word,  ex- 
liaustively  depiefed  delinquencies  of  Biblical 
cliarai-ters  from  Genesis  to  the  A]iO(-alypse, 
tlie  esteemed  author  declares  that  "all  these 
\ery  human  men,  with  all  their  human  faults 
and  foibles,  were  <.';reat  saints ''I  C^nite  a 
numlier  of  the  individuals  whom  lie  benev- 
(.■lently  canonizes,  never  manajied  to  break 
into  tlie  approved  litanies,  while  the  salva- 
tion of  one  in  ])articu]ar  is  in  verv  serious 
doubt.  Instead  of  puttinji-  the  loud  pedal  on 
Xoali  's  drunkenness,  why  not  stress  the  fact 
that  all  commentators  acquit  him  of  sin  be- 
cause he   did   not   know   the   strength    of    wine? 

As  to  "the  contemptible  treach-ry  of 
Rebecca,"  wlio  was  really  actino'  under  divine 
jiiiidance,  the  epithet  seems  too  ()ffensi\e  in 
reference  to  the  divine  election  of  Jacob  from 
whom  the  Redeemer  traces  His  genealogy. 
\\]]y  not  em]ihasi/.e  the  fact  that  .lacol)'s 
t\\  ill  bi'other  fort'eited  all  claims  to  the  jiater- 
nal  blessing  by  previouslv  selling  his  birth 
rig'lit  for  a  measly  mess  of  jiottage.'  instead 
of  augmenting  Scriptural  difficulties,  we 
should  follow  the  e:<am]ile  of  St.  .\ugustine 
who  calls  the  trivial  subterfuge  a  mystery, 
and  lets  it  go  at  that. 

\\  ith  all  tlie  safeguards  and  precautionary 
measures  surrounding  canonization  proc(>dure, 
tlie  sifting  of  evidence^  by  the  official  ]iop- 
ularb'     known     as     the     ilevil's     advocate,     the 


danger  of  whitewashing  Saints  is  at  least 
nowadays  (juite  remote.  Whitewashing  devils 
who  should  be  strung  up  or  segregated  for  life 
is,  niethinks,  a  far  greater  menace  to  the 
country.  t  E.  ]M.  Dunne, 

J^>islni])   of   Peoria. 


"Twisting  Dynamite   into   Ornamental   Curl- 
Papers" 

To    the    Edittn-:  — 

"A  Just  and  Solier  Estimate  of  Anatole 
France,''  in  the  F.  R.(July  15,  p.  297),  seems 
to  have  been  a  forerunner  of  a  number  of 
appreciations  that  liave  come  to  light  of  late, 
none  of  which  join  in  the  -wholesale  adula- 
tions of  those  \vho  hailed  Thiliault  as  the 
torch-bearer   of   nuidern   culture. 

Harry  Salpeter,  in  Book  Xoti's  v Hartford, 
('(inn.:  Au<iust-Sei>tember,  192.V>,  has  this 
to   say  on  the   subject : 

"Anatole  France  was  a  Frenchman,  there- 
fore there  was  lui  vulgarity  in  him,  even  at 
his  impure  worst;  he  was  Anatole  France, 
therefore  he  could  think  no  evil,  speak  no 
evil,  act  no  evil,  since  all  that  emerged  from 
him  underwent  a  transmutation  into  purity, 
a  sea  change.  Let  that  suffice  as  the  con- 
solation of  those  worshippers  who  are  likely 
to  wince  at  too  strong  a  taste  of  Gallic  salt." 

But  the  shot  that  should  strike  home  to 
many,  it  would  seem,  comes  directly  from 
the  m;m   himself,   according  to   the   report   of 


]  925 


THE    FORTNIGHTLY  R?:V1EW 


519 


his  secretary  ("Anatole  Trance  Himsoif," 
by  Jean  Jacques  Brousson).  It  is  worth 
while,  perhaps,  to  quote  directly  from  a  recent 
article  in  Social  Forces  for  September,  1925, 
page  12(5  (ITniversity  of  North  Carolina 
Press),  contributed  by  William  Louis  Poteat 
and  entitled,  "Can  a  Man  be  a  Christian 
To-day?''  In  summing  up  the  difficulties  in- 
volved in  present-day  Christian  living,  the 
writer  takes  occasion  to  refer  to  Anatole 
France   in   this  manner: 

' '  This  from  Anatole  France,  but  lately 
goiu'  upon  the  great  adventure  behind  the 
veil.     It    is    reported    by    his    secretary: 

"  'If  you  could  read  my  soul,  you  would 
be  horrified.'  He  took  my  hands  into  his 
own,  feverish  and  trembling.  He  looked  into 
my  eyes,  and  I  saw  that  his  own  were  full 
of  tears.  His  face  was  all  ravaged.  He 
sighed,  '  There  is  not  an  unhappier  creature 
than  1  in  the  whole  universe.  People  think  me 
happy.      I    have    never    been    happy — not    an 

hour,  7iot  a  day l>o  not  pluck  the  veil 

from  tlie  temjjle  with  a  brutiil  hand.  Pluck 
it  aw;iv  a  little  at  a  time.  Riddle  it  with 
sly  little  holes.  Under  the  pretext  of  mend- 
ing it,  cut  away  a  few  shre<ls  here  and  there 
to  make  dolls  with  ....  I  have  spent  my 
whole  life  twisting  dyn;iniite  into  (irnamental 
curl  papers. ' 


''There  is  France  the  man  slyly  cutting 
into  shreds  the  sanctities  of  the  world.  .  .  .'' 

Which  is  nothing  more  than  to  say  that 
Anatole  France  stands  self-condemned  and 
self-confessed  as  a  iiiau  utterly  incapable  of 
offering  anything  like  :i  sound  interpretation 
of  life. 
Techny,    III.  M.    Hraun,    S.    V.    I). 

Excerpts  from   Letters 

Sonu'  time  ago  some  one  advertiseil  in  the 
F.  R.  for  a  prayer  book  by  the  late  Father 
Wcninger,  S.  J.  If  he  cannot  find  it,  he  can 
get  Weningei-'s  sermons  (8  vols.),  translated 
into  French  \)y  the   Abbe  Belet   from  Gabriel 


It 


I'^rance. —  {Her.) 
printcil    ii 


T 


till 


Bcauchesne, 
J'opatek.  Clntu 

In  reph'  to  the  strictures 
I-',  li.  (  N((.  22,  pp.  47(1  f . j  regarding  the  use 
of  titles  of  Franciscan  authors  fouml  in  my 
articles:  Scientific  bibli()gra])hy  demands  that 
the  archaic  titles  found  on  the  title  pages 
of  Ijooks  must  be  iiientioiU'd.  If  the  smaller 
branches  of  the  l*'raiiciscaii  Order  had  pro- 
duced writers,  tlu'  number  ot  titles  would  ha\e 
to  be  increased  still  more.  Regarding  the 
present  use  of  titles,  I  do  believe  that  "the 
title  O.  F.  AI.  first  began  in  1S97. ' '  Leo  XIII 
decreed  in  his  Constitution  "Felicitate  (|ua- 
dam,"  of  Oct.  4,   1S97,  that  the  titles  Obser- 


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vants.  Reformati,  Excalccati  ov  Ak-antarines, 
and  Recollects  be  extinuuisluMl  and  the  name 
O.  F.  M.  1)("  used  in  future.  Before  1897  the 
Ijresent  liraneh  of  the  O.  F.  ^\.  was  split  up 
into  four  families,  wliicli  wi-re  united  into  one 
real  Order,  to  use  the  udrds  of  Leo  XIII. 
The  writer  of  the  criticism  creates  the  his- 
torically false  impression  that  those  who  use 
the  title  O.  F.  M.  represent  an  autonomous 
liranch,  Avhieh  goes  back  to  the  time  of  St. 
Francis.  Pius  X  decreed  in  his  Constitution 
"Dilecti  Filii"  of  Nov.  1,  1909,  that  the 
present  0.  F.  "SI.  were  first  formed  in  1517 
by  Pope  Leo  X  and  unite.l  by  Leo  XIII,  and 
therefore,  to  avoid  confusion,  the  full  name 
should  be  O.  F.  M.  V.  L.  or  "  Order  of  Friars 
INIinor  of  the  Leonine  Union. "'  Finally,  I 
acknowledge  that  I  maile  an  unjiardonable 
mist.-ike  in  styling  Ximenes  an  O.  M.  <\  Re- 
garding the  other  misprints  in  my  articles,  I 
must  say  that  I  cannot  take  any  respon- 
sibility, 'since  I  did  not  read  the  proofs. — 
{Rev.]   J.  M.  Lenhart.  0.  M.  ('ai>..   Wheeling. 

"The  Jesuit  Relations,"  by  Edna  Kenton, 
is  a  l;iook  with  a  misleading  title.  The  book 
is  not  "The  Jesuit  Relations,"  but  only  a 
series  of  selections  from  them  and  their 
allied  documents.  Moreover,  these  selections 
are  not  the  full  text  of  the  Rehttions,  but  a 
garbled  text,  without  any  sign  to  indicate  the 
omissions.  Sometimes  a  sentence,  often  more 
than  one  sentence,  sometimes  a  paragraph, 
sometimes  a  page  or  more  is  omitted.  The 
passages  omitted  are  quite  commonly  those 
which  are  characteristic  either  of  the  writer 
of  the  document,  or  of  his  religious  habits  or 
customs.— (i^f'f.)  Jolin  J.  Wynne,  S.  J. 

Is  there  not  danger  that  some  of  our  zeal- 
ous promoters  of  frequent  Communion  lose 
sicrht  of  the  important  fact  that  Communion 
is^  really  but  a  part  of  the  Holy  Sacrifice 
of  the  Mass?  The  Mass  is  "the  thing." 
Hence  the  habit  of  going  to  Com- 
munion before  Mass  and  hearing  Mass 
afterward  as  a  thanksgiving,  ought  to 
be  discouraged.  If  the  good  Sisters  who 
indulge  in  this  doubtful  practice  would  omit 
some  of  their  long  prayers,  hear  Mass  earlier, 
go  to  Holy  Communion  during  Mass,  and 
spend  ten  minutes  after  Mass  in  silent  thanks- 
giving, it  Avould  be  better.  Communion  out- 
side of  Mass  ought  to  be  the  exception,  not 
the  rule.  ' '  Devotion "  is  a  straw  fire.  ^  The 
fruits  of  Holy  Communion  are  the  fruits  of 
the  Mass,  and  we  have  almost  as  little  to 
do  with  the  efficacy  of  the  Mass  as  we  had 
with  the  efacacy  of  the  Sacrifice  of  Calvary. 
Sacrificium  est  sacrament  urn,  sacramenta 
operantnr  ex  opere  operate;  ergo.  If  we 
place  no  hindrance  in  the  way  of  grace,  if 
we  assist  at  the  Holy  Sacrifice  and  receive 
Communion  with  a  good  intention,  we  shall 
receive  the  grace  or  graces,  no  matter  how 
we  fee\.—An  Old  Pastor. 


Your  F.  R.  is  virile  and  Csitholic.  Like  a 
draft  of  fresh  air  it  relieves  the  stuffiness  of 
the  house.  I  like  it,  and  believe  that  it  serves 
a  distinct  and  useful  purpose. —  (Bev.)  Omer 
H.  Ei.seiiiiuni,  LenpaUl.  Ind. 

I  gladly  renew  my  subscription,  having  been 
a  reader  of  the  F.  R.  since  its  birth,  in  1893. 
I  missed  it  when  abroad  for  some  months  a 
while  ago  .  .  .  Wishing  you  health  and  God's 
blessing  for  the  good  work  you  are  constant- 
ly doing,  I  am  yours  as  ever  (Fev.)  Arnold 
Boeding,  Duhuque,  la. 

I  wish  you  God  's  Idessing  for  the  brilliant 
work  you  are  (Uting  with  your  periodical  and 
hope  yon  will  find  readers  enough  to  continue 
to  make  it  go. —  {Bt.  Bev.)  E.  A.  BousJca, 
Tabor,  No.  ])aL\ 

I  gladly  renew  my  subscription  at  the  new 
rate  for  the  next  two  years.  If  every  priest 
and  vxovy  educated  layman  would  read  the 
F.  R.,  the  world  Avould  be  lietter  for  it. — 
(Ber.)  Tlieodosius  E.  Bruekmunn.  C.  PP.  S., 
Ft.  Becnrery.  0. 


BOOK  REVIEWS 


Fr.   Martindale's   "St.  Paul" 

The  second  volume  of  "Princes  of  his 
People"  in  Father  C.  C.  Martindale's  "The 
Household  of  God  Series ' '  is  devoted  to  St. 
Paul.  It  is  not  a  biography,  nor  a  commen- 
tary, nor  a  theological  treatise,  but  a  running 
narrative  composed  with  the  aim  of  making 
"St.  Paul  visible  not  as  a  set  of  ideas  only, 
but  as  a  man  thinking  and  preaching  them.'' 

The  author  has  that  background  of  classical 
learning  which  gives  life  and  color  to  the 
story.  His  is  the  book  of  an  artist  who  would 
have  us  feel  the  thrill  that  he  himself  has  ex- 
perienced in  studying  the  life  and  labors  of 
the   Apostle   of  the   Gentiles. 

Fr.  ^lartindale  takes  the  Epistles,  sets  them 
in  chronological  order,  and  expounds  them  in 
all  their  circumstances  of  time,  place,  and 
emotion. 

The  book  has,  therefore,  the  value  of  a 
commentary,  with  all  the  interest  of  a  biogra- 
phy. By  its  aid  an  ordinarily  intelligent 
Catholic  will  be  able  to  read  the  Pauline 
Epistles  with  appreciation  and  interest. 

Here  and  there  the  author,  who  has  a 
picturesque  style,  has  worded  statements  too 
strongly,  as  when  he  says,  on  page  286 :  "I 
think  that  to  St.  Paul  it  was  almost  incon- 
ceivable that  a  Christian,  once  baptized, 
should  sin  again."      (Benziger  Bros.) 

Literary  Briefs 

— Anne  Scannell  O'Neill  has  chosen  and 
edited  "Little  Sayings  of  the  Saints,"  one 
for  each  day  of  the  year,  which  the  B,  Herder 
Book  Co.  have  issued  in  the  form  of  a  taste- 
ful booklet   of  138   pages,   32mo.     In  justifi- 


1925 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


521 


Masses 

for 

Unison   Chorus 

(Children   or   Adults) 

Botazzo,  L. 

Mass    in    hon.    of    St.    Cecilia    

.50 

Bottigliero,    E. 

Mass   in    honor   of   St.    Ciro    

Mass  in  hon.  of  the  B.  V.  M 

.60 
80 

Dress,  Alphonse,  Rev. 

The    High    Mass,    liturgically 
correct  

.60 
_80 

Gregorian. 

The     most     simple     Mass     in 
Gregorian,        Arr.     by     the 
Benedictine         Fathers, 

Conception    Abbey    

O'Connor,  John  J. 

Mass  in  hon.  of  St.  Michael  

.60 

Obtainable   on  approval. 

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from  their  own  Avritten  words,  Avhen  such 
cation  she  quotes  Fr.  Paschal  Kobinson,  O.  F. 
M.,  as  saying  that  "of  the  Saints  it  is  no 
less  true  than  of  other  mortals,  that  we  gain 
exist,  a  clearer  conception  of  their  character 
and  a  fuller  understanding  of  their  spirit  than 
any  biography  written  by  another  can  give 
us."  "Little  Sayings  of  the  Saints"  is  one 
of  a  class  of  booklets  of  which  w"e  can  never 
have  too  many. 

— In  his  lecture  on  "The  Superstitions  of 
Sceptics, "  Mr.  G.  K.  Chesterton  elucidates 
the  saying  of  a  famous  French  writer  that 
"les  incredules  sont  plus  credules  de  tons," 
by  pointing  to  the  way  in  which  modern 
sceptics  accept  Spiritism  and  other  crude 
superstitions  and  showing  that  "the  mere  in- 
dividual mysticism  that  relies  upon  the  inter- 
nal voices  and  nothing  else  is  certainly  wrong 
ninety-nine  times  that  it  is  right  once,  and 
is  when  left  to  itself  an  anarchical  and  insane 
element  in  society."  This  position  was  at- 
tacked by  G.  G.  Coulton,  and  the  correspon- 
dence between  the  two  writers  is  printed  as  an 
appendix  to  the  booklet.  Mr.  Chesterton  ef- 
fectively maintains  the  general  thesis  that 
"medieval  religion,  including  medieval  as- 
ceticism, was  totally  different  from  Puritan- 
ism, was  indeed  contrary  to  Puritanism,  and 
was  certainly  much  less  gloomy  than  Puritan- 
ism. It  was  different  in  meaning,  different 
in  motive,  different  in  atmosphere,  and  dif- 
ferent in  etfect. "  The  debate  winds  up  with 
some  vague  casuistry  about  dancing.  (B. 
Herder  Book  Co.) 

—Volume  VIII  of  the  "  Philosophische 
Handbibliothek "  (Kosel  &  Pustet  of  Munich 
and  Eatisbon)  ie  by  Dr.  Hans  Meyer  and 
traces  "Die  Geschichte  der  alten  Philosophie" 
from  Thales  and  the  ancient  Eleatics  to 
Plotinus  and  the  Xeo-Platonists.  It  is  not 
merely  a  compendium  put  together  for  pur- 
poses of  study,  but  a  careful  monograph 
based  on  the  original  sources.  The  publishers 
do  not  exaggerate  when  they  assert  that  this 
w^ork  is  the  best  and  most  complete,  even 
though  succinct,  history  of  ancient  philosophy 
now  available  in  the  German  language,  which 
counts  such  masters  as  Zeller.  The  section 
on  "The  Universal  System  of  Aristotle"  is 
particularly  .excellent.  We  heartily  recom- 
riiend  this  volume  and  the  splendid  series  of 
philosophical  text-books  to  which  it  belongs. 
When  the  series  will  be  finished,  our  German 
brethren  will  have  their  own  "Stonyhurst 
Series, ' '  superior  in  several  respects  to  that 
prepared  by  the  English  Jesuits. 

— There  is  no  better  popular  introduction 
to,  and  commentary  on,  the  historical  portions 
of  Sacred  Scripture  than  Schuster- 
Holzammer's   "Handbuch  zur  biblischen  Ge- 


T 1 1 1-:    1-^0 R  T  X 1 G  H  T  L  ^'    R  I'l  \'  I  I-;  W 


i  )c;-i'llil'i('r    1.") 


.schiclitc, ' '  (if  which  tlic  cii^hth  revised  edition 
is  beiiio-  published  liy  Dr.  Joseph  Selbst  and 
Dr.  PJduuind  Kalt.  Tlic  first  volume  deals 
with  tlie  Old  Testament.  The  commentary 
lias  lit't'ii  brouo'lit  uj)  to  date  and  is  illustrated 
Ihrouuhnut  with  relialile  and  helpful  pictures 
and  maps.  For  the  Catholic  teacher  and  the 
catechizing-  priest  in  particular  no  better  text- 
liook  can  be  imagined,  and  we  are  more  than 
glad  to  learn  that  an  T']nglish  adaptation  of 
this  excellent  woi'k  is  contemplated.  (  tler- 
der). 

—Part  2  of  Vol.  1  of  "Meditations  and 
Readings  for  Phery  Day  of  the  Year,  Selected 
from  the  Spiritual  Writings  of  8t.  Alphon- 
sus,  ■ "  edited  by  .1.  B.  Coyle,  C.  SS.  E.,  runs 
from  Epiphany  to  Scptuagesima  week  inclu- 
sive and  is  selected  with  the  same  care  as 
the  first,  which  w;is  issued  some  time  ago. 
These  meditations  and  readings  will  prove 
helpful,  not  only  to  professors  and  students 
of  the  sacred  sciences,  but  also  to  the  faith- 
ful of  every  condition  of  life,  to  whom  the 
.Saint  points  out  the  way  to  solid  virtue 
and  smoothens  the  jiatli  to  the  highest  Chris- 
tian   perfection.      ( B.    Herder    Book    Co.) 

— Father  Jose])h  Latini's  Ijooklet,  "  luris 
Criminalis  Philosopliici  .Summa  Lineamenta, " 
contains  the  outlines  of  a  course  on  the 
ethical  foundations  of  criminal  justice  given 
by  the  author  in  the  Pontifical  Seminary  in 
Eonie.  His  bibliography  (pp.  61-64)  com- 
prises almost  exclusively  Italian  authors,  of 
whom  he  follows  mainly  Carrara,  Canonico, 
and  Pessina.  After  an  introduction  on  the 
nature  and  rational  Vnisis  of  the  State's 
right  to  punish  crime,  the  ailthor  deals  in  two 
sections  with  the  notions  and  properties  of 
crime  and  the  concept  and  species  of  its 
punishment.  The  treatise  can  be  recom- 
mended for  its  clearness  and  ])recision.  though 
in  justice  to  students  not  familiar  with  Ital- 
ian and  French  Fr.  Latini  should  have  trans- 
lated his  numerous  quotations  from  those 
languages  into  Latin.  (Turin:  Casa  Edi- 
trice    Marietti. ) 

— We  trust  that  our  readers  will  under- 
stand that  the  relative  importance  of  books 
is  not  always  to  be  measured  by  the  amount 
of  space  we  devote  to  them.  Perhaps  it  ought 
to  be,  but  many  other  considerations  enter 
in,  including  the  personal  tastes  of  the  re- 
viewer and,  most  of  all,  the  occasional  neces- 
sity for  making  within  narrow  compass  brief 
mention  of  a  number  of  books  which  ought 
to  have  been  reviewed  sooner,  and  would 
have  been  reviewed  both  sooner  and  more 
fully  if  limitations  of  space  and  possibly 
other  extrinsic  reasons  had  not  prevented. 


— The  meditations  which  Fr.  Karl  Hag- 
geney,  S.  .1.,  has  pul)lished  in  two  volumes 
under  the  title,  ' '  Auf  des  Herrn  Pf  aden, " 
are  intended  for  lay  jiersons,  especially  such 
as  ha\c  made  a  sjiiritual  retreat.  They  are 
based  on  the  (Jospel  of  St.  Luke,  every  single 
verse  of  which  is  laid  under  contribution. 
The  apj)lications  and  ])rayers  added  to  each 
meditation  are  taken  from  the  Imitation 
of  Christ  l)\-  Thomas  a  Kempis.  The  work 
is  so  well  adapted  to  its  purpose  that  we 
hope  it  will  be  translated  into  English,  for 
among  us  Fnglish-speaking  Catholics,  too. 
meditations  for  devout  laymen  and  women  who 
regularly  or  occasionally  make  a  retreat, 
are  in  urgent  d(>niand.  (B.  Herder  Book 
Co.) 

—  A  highly  recommendaltle  l»ook  is  ''What 
Becomes  of  the  Dead?"  by  the  Rev.  J.  P. 
Arendzen,  Ph.  D..  D.  1).  It  is  described  as 
"a  study  in  I^schatology  for  priests  and 
laymen, ' ' — educated  laymen,  of  course, —  and 
deals  very  clearly,  if  succinctly,  with  Heaven, 
hell,  Purgatory,  Limbo,  the  resurrection  of 
the  body,  the  last  judgment,  the  salvation  of 
unbelievers,  apparitions  of  the  dead,  modern 
errors  on  after-life,  and  immortality  in  the 
light  of  reason.  Dr.  Arendzen,  unlike  some 
other  theologians,  is  eager  to  vindicate  the 
mercy  as  well  as  the  justice  of  God  and 
shirks  no  difficulty  in  discussing  the  various 
knotty  prol)lems  of  Christian  Eschatology. 
The  Month  calls  this  volume  "timely  and 
helpful. ' "  We  would  add  that  it  is  full  of 
consolation  for  the  Christian  believer  who 
tries  to  live  up  to  his  religion.  (Sands  & 
Co.   and   B.   Herder   Book   Co.) 

— Words  instruct,  l:)ut  example  moves. 
Hence,  to  tlie  teacher  and  to  the  well-wisher 
of  youth  the  advent  of  a  new  worth-while 
biography  is  ahvays  welcome.  And  this  the 
more  so  when  the  subject  is  a  hero  of  our 
own  day,  and  when  the  story  is  written  in 
the  simple  directness  adapted  to  the  young. 
' '  Once  Upon  a  Time' ' — the  life  of  Adrian 
Ignatius  RlcCormick,  8.  J. — l)v  David  P. 
McAstocker,  S.  J.,  answers  this  description. 
Though  the  hero  is  not  of  the  spectacular 
variety,  his  life  is  of  the  kind  that  exem- 
plifies, with  well  nigh  laboratory  minuteness, 
the  essential  and  all  too  rare  art  of  forming 
and  fashioning  character  in  the  young.  (The 
Stratford  Co.) 

-^'The  Return  of  the  Ortons,"  by  A.  H. 
Bennett  (Sands  ilv:  Co.  and  B.  Herder  Book 
Co.)  is  an  interestingly  told  English  story 
which  lies  partly  in  the  Elizabethan  period 
and  partly  in  the  present.  Its  theme  is  that 
the  spirit  of  the  Faith  which  once  flourished 


1925 


THE   FORTNIGHTLY    REVIEW 


523 


THE  ECHO 

A  Superior  Catholic  Newspaper 


The  Ave  Maria  of  Notre  Dame, 
Ind.,  August  8,  1925,  makes  the 
folloAving  reference  to  The  Echo  : 

''The  Echo,.  .  .  .  is  one  of  the 
most  enterprising  and  carefully 
edited  of  American  Catholic  News- 
papers." 

It  is  rarely  that  Father  Hud- 
son, the  scholarly  editor  of  the  Ave 
Maria,  praises  a  contemporary  so 
unreservedly. 


We   shall   be    glad   to    send   you   sample 
copies   upon  request 


THE  ECHO 

564  Dodge  St.         Buffalo.  N.  Y. 


Experience  demonstrates  that 
the  better  we  understand  the  part 
which  the  Blessed  Virgin  Mary  has 
taken  in  the  work  of  the  Redemp- 
tion, the  more  enlightened  becomes 
our  knowledge  of  the  Redeemer 
Himself. 

The 

"Life  of  the  Blessed  Virgin" 
by 

Father  Krull,  C.  PP.  S. 

is  based  upon  historical  facts  and, 
therefore,  a  most  suitable  book  to 
broaden  our  knowledge  of  the 
Mother  of  Chr,ist  and  her  Divine 
Son. 


This  book  is  for  sale  at  all  Catholic 
book  stores  or  may  be  ordered  directly 
from  the  publisher. 

JOHN  W.  WINTERICH,  aEvaS"  a 

Price  per  copy,   $0.75. 


in  an  old  family  may  revive  again  after  cen- 
turies of  apparent  death,  even  if  that  family 
embraces  the  whole  of  England. 

— ''Saint  Teresa  of  the  Child  Jesus" 
(  Benziger  Bros.)  is  a  neat  volume  comprising 
four  studies  on  the  life  and  writings  of  St. 
Teresa  of  Lisieux  in  the  light  of  the  teaching 
of  St.  Thomas,  by  P.  de  Puniet,  O.  S.  B.,  M. 
V.  Bernadot,  0.  P.,  Fr.  Jerome  de  la  Mere 
de  Dieu,  O.  C.  I).,  and  E.  M.  Lajeune,  O.  P., 
all  translated  from  the  French  by  a  Dominican 
of  Headington. 

— In  ' '  Up  the  Slopes  of  Mount  Sion,  or, 
A  Progress  from  Puritanism  to  Catholi- 
cism, ' '  the  famous  ^Isgr.  F.  C.  Kolbe,  of 
Cape  Town,  S.  Africa,  tells  tlie  story  of  his 
conversion.  He  confines  his  attention  to  his 
intellectual  growth,  but  shows  how  that  was 
affected  by  the  variety  of  religious  types  he 
met  with.  The  l)Ook  is  a  deeply  interesting- 
one  and  has  considerable  value  as  a  con- 
tribution to  what  may  be  called  the  science 
of  conversion.      (Benziger  Bros.) 

—"The  Last  Lap,"  by  Fergal  McGrath, 
S.  ,1.,  is  an  Irish  college  boy's  story  that  will 
])rove  to  the  American  boy  that  he  has  no 
iiKinopoly  of  the  athletic  spirit.  The  story 
has  plenty  of  action  and  is  well  told,  though 
the  Irish  scenes  and  idiom  will  seem  some- 
what strange  to  Johnny  American.  If  he 
likes  "something  different,''  here  is  the 
l:)Ook  for  him.      (Benziger  Bros.) 

New  Books   Received 

Euclutristic  W]ii.si)erings.  Being  Pious  Re- 
flections on  the  Holy  Eucharist  and  Heart 
to  Heart  Talks  with  Jesus  in  the  Bl. 
Sacrament.  Adapted  by  Winfred  Herbst, 
S.  D.  S.  Vol.  II.  viii  &  110  pp.  32mo. 
St.  Xazianz,  Wis. :  The  Society  of  the 
Divine  Saviour.  50  cts.  to  $1.75  net,  ac- 
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Mary  Rose  Keeps  House.  By  Mary  Mabel 
Wirries.  160  pp.  12mo.  Benziger  Bros. 
$1    net. 

Thy  Kingdom  Come.  Series  III.  Chancel 
Chats.  'By  J.  E.  Moffatt,  S.  J.  58  pp. 
32mo.     Benziger  Bros.     30  cts.  net. 

TJie  Faith  for  Children.  (From  Seven  to 
Fourteen.)  By  Mary  Eaton,  Religious  of 
the  Sacred  Heart,  viii  &  200  pp.  16  mo. 
Sands  &  B.  Herder  Book  Co.     90   cts.  net. 

Whisperings  of  the  Caribbean.  Reflections 
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Williams,  S.  J.  252  pp.  12mo.  Benziger 
Bros.      $2   net. 

TJw  Path  of  Prayer.  Extracts  from  the 
Diary  of  Sir  Laurence  Shipley.  By  Vin- 
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Benziger  Bros.     35  cts.  net. 


524 


THPJ   FORTNIGHTLY   REVIEW 


Decenilter  1-5 


Thmujlits  (if  BUsscd  Ilam/m  Lull  for  Every 
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liiS  ])p.    4x5J/2   in.     Benziger  Bros.  SO  cts. 

]H't. 

Juhrhiich  roii  .S7.  (kihrtcl,  7.''?.).  Herausge- 
geben  von  tier  phil.-tlieol.  Lehranstalt  St. 
Gabriel,  Modling  bei  AVien.  2.  Jahrgang. 
iv  &  275  pp.  8vo.  M;i(lling:  Druck  iind  Ver^ 
lag-  St.  Gabriel. 

I'tiiir/stfeicr.  Ein  liturgisches  Oratoriiun  als 
Vorbereitung  anf  das  feierliche  Pfingst- 
Hoehamt.  Worte  nacli  der  hi.  Sclirift  von 
P.  W.  Schmidt,  S.  V.  D.  Choralrezitative 
n]id  Ghcire  von  Prof.  V.  Goller.  16  pp.  16mo. 
^lodling:  Druck  und  Vcrlag  St.  Galjriel. 
(Wrapper). 

Diamond  Juhilee  of  St.  Clement  Parish,  St. 
Bernard,  Ohio.  1850 — 1925.  Unpaginated. 
Illustrated. 

Calendarium  Liturgicum  Fcstorum  Bei  et  Bei 
Matris  Marine.  Colleetuni  et  Memoriis 
Historieis  Illustratum  a  Frederico  Georgio 
Hohveck,  D.  D.,  Sanctitatis  Suae  Praelato 
Doniestico.  x  &  478  pp.  8vo.  Philadelphia, 
Pa.:  The  Dolphin  Press  (American  Eecle- 
siastical  Review).     $7.50   net. 

Daily  Missal  wiiJi  Jaspers  for  Sundays  and 
Feasts.  By  Doni  Gaspar  Lefevre,  0.  S.  B. 
of  the  Abbey  of  S.  Andre,  xxxvi  &  1918  & 
35  pp.  32mo.  St.  Paul,  Minn.:  The  E.  AI. 
Lohniann  Co.  $3.75  up,  according  to  bind- 
ing. 

TJie  Teachings  of  the  Little  Flower.  By  Rev. 
Edward  F.  Garesche,  S.  J.  vi  &  2i5  pp. 
Benziger  Bros.     $1.25  net. 

Marriage  as  a  "Joh."  By  Kathleen  Xorris. 
12  pp.  16mo.  New  York:  The  Paulist 
Press.     5cts.;    $3.50   per   100.      (Wrapper). 

What  the  Catholic  Church  Is  and  What  She 
Teaches.  By  Rev.  E.  R.  Hull,  S.  J.  3(3  pp. 
16mo.  The  Paulist  Press.  5  cts. ;  $3.50 
per  100.     (Wrapper). 

The  Direct  lioute.  By  Rt.  Rev.  Francis  C. 
Kelley,  D.  D.,  Bishop  of  Oklahoma.  24 
pp.  16mo.  The  Paulist  Press.  5  cts. ;  $3.50 
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Aesth.ctics  and  Art  in  the  Astree  of  Bonore 
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Mahon,  M.  A.,  of  the  Hrsuline  Nuns.  A 
Dissertation  for  the  Doctorate  submitted  to 
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Little  Queen.  By  Philothea  (A  Sister  of 
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Die  Geister  des  Spirit ismus.  Erfahrungen 
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119    pp.    12mo.      Innsbruck,    Austria:    Ver- 
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Tlie  Living  Presenrr.  The  Intrinsic  Value  of 
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Tlie  Eucharistic  Hour.  Meditations  and  Exer- 
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Eucharistic  League.  By  Dom  A.  G.  Green, 
O.  S.  B.     162  pp.  16mo.     Benziger  Bros. 

Fischer  Edition  News.  Nov.,  1925.  Choral 
Music  to  the  Fore;  A  Retrospect  of  Vital 
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A  SPRINKLE  OF  SPICE 

Concerning  the  Church  Cock 

Multi  sunt  presbyteri,  qui  nesciunt,  quare 
Supra    donium    Domini   gallus    solet    stare, 
Quod   propono   breviter   vobis   explanare, 
Si  vultis  benevolas  aures  uiilii  dare. 

Gallus   est   mirabilis   Dei    creatura, 
Et  rara  presbyteri  illius  figura, 
Qui  praeest  parochiae  aniniarum  eura 
Stans  pro  suis  subditis  contra  nocitura. 

Supra  ecclesiam  positus  gallus  contra  ventum, 
Caput  diligeutius  erigit  extentuni ; 
Sic  sacerdos  ubi  scit  daeuiouis  adventum, 
Illuc  se  obiiciat  pro  grege  bidentum. 

Gnllus  inter  cetera  altilia  caelorum 
Audit    super   aethera   concentum   angclorum; 
Tunc  mouet  nos  excutere  verba  malorum, 
Gustare  et  percipere  arcana  superuoruiu. 

The  Bride  (at  the  telephone)— "Oh,  John, 
do  come  home.  I've  mixed  the  plugs  in 
some  way.  The  radio  is  all  covered  with 
frost  and  the  electric  ice  box  is  singing  'I 
Wonder  What's  Become  of  Sally.'" 

One  reason  why  few  recognize  Opportunity 
is  because  it  is  disguised  as  a  hard  job. 

MacGregor  and  Maepherson  decided  to  be- 
come teetotallers,  but  MacGregor  thought  it 
would  be  best  if  they  had  one  bottle  of  wliisky 
to  put  in  the  cupboard,  in  case  of  illness. 
After  tliree  days  Maepherson  could  bear  it  no 
longer,  and  said:  "MacGregor,  I  feel  sick." 
_  "Too  late,"  said  MacGregor,  "I  was  verra 
sick  all  .day  yesterday!  " 

Stories  told  of  the  information  which  the 
guides  in  Washington,  D.  C,  impart  might 
well  fill  a  voUane.  What  is  amusing  to  one 
i?  commonplace  to  another.  But  I  have  al- 
ways thouglit  that  that  guide  who  was  taking 
the  party  past  the  English  Lutheran  Church, 
where  there  is  a  bronze  statue  of  Martin 
Luther,  and  who  explained  to  an  inquiring 
visitor  that  it  was  the  statue  of  Luther,  and 
upon  being  further  inquired  of  as  to  who  he 
was,  said  he  was  the  man  who  built  the  church, 
is  one  of  the  best. — Recollections  of  Thomas 
B.  Marshall. 


"I  stand  behind  every  mule  that  goes  out 
of  my  barn,"  is  the  advertisement  of  a 
Donaldsonville,  Ga.,  man.  Georgia  mules  must 
constitute  the  pacifist  wing  of  the  species,  and 
be  but  distantly  related  to  our  Missouri  prod- 
uct, which  certainly  would  never  stand  for 
this  sort  of  thing. 


The  tightest  man  in  the  world  is  the  Scotch- 
man who  shot  off  a  pistol  outside  his  house  on 
Cliristmas  eve  and  then  came  in  and  told  the 
children  that  Santa  Claus  had  committed 
suicide. 


526 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


December  15 


BROTHERS  OF  THE  SACRED  HEART 

An  approved  Order  which,  for  over  80  years,  has  done  splendid 
work  for  the  Christian  Education  of  our  American  Youth  and  the 
spreading  of  the  devotion  to  the  Sacred  Heart.  Young  men  from 
14  to  25  desiring  to  join  this  Order  either  for  teaching  or  for  any 
line  of  handy  work  may  apply  to 

BROTHERS  OF  THE  SACRED  HEART, 
Metuchen,  New  Jersey. 


INDEX   TO   VOLUME  XXXII   OF   THE   FORTNIGHTLY 

REVIEW— 1925 


Albigenses,  The,  135. 

Alexander  VI,  De  Roo's  unsuccessful 
attempt  at  rehabilitating,  183,  243 
sq.;  Dr.  Pastor  on,  342  sq. 

Almanacs,  447. 

Altars,  342. 

America,  When  was  the  Christian 
religion  brought  to?  S. 

American  Council  of  Learned  So- 
cieties, 401  sq. 

"Americanese,"  Current,  144. 

Americanism,  100  per  cent, '90. 

"American  Mercury,"  The,  13  sq. 

.A.ndr6,  Brother,  42*1  sq. 

Anglican  Catholic  League,  A,  74. 

Anglican  Evangelical  Group  Move- 
ment, 313. 

Anna  of  Prussia,  Princess,  365  sq. 

"Anthropos",  115  sq. 

Antioch,  The  Chalice  of;  See  Chalice. 

Ape,  That  anthropoid  from  S.  Africa, 
206  sqq. 

Arbitration;  Compulsory,  of  indus- 
trial disputes,  243. 

Archeology,  The  antiquity  phantom 
in  American,  420  sq. 

Ashurst,  The  case  of  Senator,  107, 
431. 

"As  If,"  The  philosophy  of,  185  sq. 

Australopithecus  .\fricanus,  206  sqq. 

Authority,  Why  so  little  respected, 
31  sq. 

Bellarmine  misquoted,  71. 

Belloc,  Hilaire,  "History  of  England," 
389. 

Benedict,  St.,  Interpretations  of,  3SS. 

Benigna  Consolata  Ferrero,   315  sq. 

Bestiary,  A  20th  century,  261. 

"Better  Understanding"  Movement, 
Its  dangers,  101  sq. 

Bible,  Motlatt's  translation  of  the, 
74;  The,  as  a  Masonic  Landmark, 
90;  In  the  public  schools  (a  survey 
by  Ben.  Elder),  93  sqq.,  120  sqq.; 
Where  we  got  the,  172;  Chronology 
of  the,  472. 

Big  Brother  Movement,  The  Cath- 
olic, 29. 

Birth  control.  In  France,  42;  An  in- 
ternational plague,  50;  .\n  alterna- 
tive, 2fiO;.\  national  menace. 357 sq. 

Bishops  and  the  Catholic  press,  123. 

"Bonner  Buchgemeinde,"  380. 

"Book  of  Knowledge,"  253  sq. 

Book  reviews  and  literary  notes,  15 
sqq.;  35  sqq.,  58  sqq.,  84  sqq.,  129 
sqq.,  142,  152  sqq.,  177  sq.,  195 
sqq.,  208,  212  sq.,  215  sqq.,  234 
sqq.,  261  sqq.,  284  sqq.,  303  sqq.. 


323  sqq.,  347  sqq.,  371  sqq.,  392 
sqq.,432sqq.,452sqq.,49Ssq.,|516, 
520  sqq. 

Borah  Bill,  The,  113. 

Boy  Guidance,  347  sq.,  431  sq. 

Boy  Scouts  and  mihtarism,  426,  473, 
517. 

Brahmin,  A  Jesuit,  380  sq. 

Brassac's  "Manuel  Biblique,"  54. 

Bread,  Meaning  of  the  petition  for, 
in  the  Our  Father,  228,  258  sq. 

Breen,  A.  E.,  21  sq.,  495  so. 

Breuil,  Abb6  Henri,  342,  514. 

Breviary  for  travelers,  229. 

Brockmeier,  Canon  F.  C,  51. 

Brownson,  O.  A.,  Trials  of,  as  a  Cath- 
olic editor,  42.3  sq. 

Bryan,  Wm.  J.,  341  sq. 

"Caecilia",  The,  60  sq.,  254. 

Callahan,  P.  H.,  5  sq.,  25,  43  sqq., 
321,  323. 

Calvary,  Our  Pastors  in,  129  sq. 

Canisius,  St.,  243,  298  sq.,  342. 

Canonizations  and  beatifications,  10. 

Capitalism,  Dying,  105;  Breeds  So- 
cialism, 172;  Is  it  Anti-Catholic? 
204  sq. 

Carre,  Mr.  Francis,    186  sq.,  211  sq. 

Catholic  Educational  Ass'n.,  1925 
Report  of,  491. 

Catholic  Instruction  League,  514  sq. 

"Catholic,"  Origin  of  the  word,  429. 

"Catholic  Builders  of  the  Nation," 
124. 

Catnolic  Dramatic  Company,  412  sq. 

Catholic  Industrial  Conference  at 
Chicago,  333  sqq. 

Catholic-JMasonic  Alliance,  A,  99. 

Catholic  Press  .Association,  269  sqq. 

Catholic  Press  Directory,  307. 

Chalice,  .-Ancient,  Found  at  Antioch, 
54,  98,  171,  427. 

Character,  The  American,  320;  Char- 
acter-building and  the  small  col- 
lege, 484. 

Child  labor  amendment,  65  sqq., 
80;  Regulation  in  Wisconsin,  141 
sq.;  Correspondence,  166  sqq. 

"Christian  Science,"  Monitor,  117; 
Cult  of  Nostradamus,  318. 

Church  history.  Dr.  Guilday's  In- 
troduction to,  303  sq. 

Church  music.  Broadcasting  worldly, 
33;  Suggestions  for  the  improve- 
ment of  choirs,  301,  312  sq.;  Dom 
Jeannin's  researches  in,  498  sq. 

College,  .Advantages  of  the  small,  484. 

Colonel,  A  clerical  in  Morocco,  379 
sq. 


Communion,  Frequent,  391,  430,  472 

8q.,:20. 

Communion  of  Saints,  The,  159  sq. 

Communi-:m,  171  sq. 

Community  Chest,  The,  69  sqq.,  118 
sqq.,  192. 

Comparative  Religion,  How  conclu- 
sions are  reached  in,  443  sqq. 

Conduct  problems.  Psychiatric  study 
of,  381  sqq.,  403  sqq. 

Confession,  Frequent,  413,  425. 

Confirmation,  Shall  deans  adminis- 
ter?   368. 

Contempt  of  court,  313. 

Coolidge,  President,  On  American- 
ism, 401  sqq. 

"Copec"  movement,  78. 

Cottage  system  in  orphanages,' 11, 
54  sq. 

Crime,  News  of,  191  sq. 

Crispi  and  the  Holy  See,  145. 

Criticism,  Benefits  of,  7,  57  sq.; 
Destructive  vs.  constructive,  124; 
Catholic  literary,  495  sq. 

Cross-word  puzzles,  40. 

Cur6  d'Ars,  The,  130  sq. 

Dabney,  R.  H.,  21  sq.,  73  sq. 

Dancing,  33. 

Dante's  "Inferno"  on  the  screen,  173. 

Dayton  (Teun.)  trial,  274  sq.,  341, 
358  sqq.,  369  sq. 

Dead,  Pravers  for  the,  in  primitive 
Christianity,  319. 

"Dearborn  Independent,"  253. 

Debts,  International,  282  sq. 

"Der  Kleine  Herder,"  477. 

Devil,  A  Jesuit  and  the,  294. 

Diabolic  possession,  A  contemporary 
case  of,  159. 

Dictionary  of  Secret  and  Other  So- 
cieties, A,  225  sqq. 

"Dies  Irae,"  Tne  singing  of  at  Re- 
quiem Mass,  55  sq.,  125  sqq. 

Diocesan  charity  work,  A  compre- 
hensive scheme  of,  92. 

Disgrace,  A  national,  338  sq. 

Divining  rod,  387. 

Divorce,  Makes  orphans  by  process 
of  law,  ISS  sqq. 

"Divus  Thomas,"  113  sq.,  171. 

Dogmatic  religion,  and  the  Modern- 
ists, 105. 

Dosch,  Col.  Hy.  E.,  104  sq. 

Dowieites,  10. 

Dreiser,  Theodore,  426. 

Duchesne's  "Histoire  Ancienne  do 
I'Eglise"  on  the  Index,  173. 

Eating  and  Health,  492. 

"Echo",  The,  90. 


1925 


THE  FORTNIGHTLY  REVIEW 


52'/ 


Education,  Modern,  52  sq.;  A  terrible 
indictment,  106  sq.;  Catholic  at- 
tendance at  secular  universities, 
133  sq.;  Educational  ideals,  203; 
Religious  instruction  for  public 
school  children,  343. 

"Education  Week,"  Misuse  of,  42. 

Educators,  The  20  greatest,  accord- 
ing to  Chas.  W.  Eliot,  162;  Two 
types  of,  449. 

Egyptians,  Scientific  attainments  of 
the  ancient,  428. 

Elder,  Benedict,  25,  230  sq.,  238,  441 
sq. 

Emmerick,  Ann  Catherine,  29  sq. 
"Visions"  of,  100,  150  sq. 

Encyclopedia,  A  Protestant,  203  sq 

England,  How  it  lost  the  Faith,  76 
357. 

English,  A  dictionary  of  American 
298. 

Escaped  Nuns,  78. 

Evolution,  224,  274,  .341,  3.57,  369  sq., 
411,  427  sq.,  439,  485  sqq.,  511  sqq. 

Faber,  Matthias  (S.  J.),  "Conciones", 
478  sq. 

Fascismo,  192. 

Fear,  280  sq. 

Ferrero,  Sister  Benigna  C,  315  sq. 

Fiction,  Uses  of,  78. 

Filipelli  Memorial,  The,  192. 

Folk-lore  in  the  Old  Testament,  443 
eqq. 

Foreign  language  press  in  the  U.  S.,  1 1 . 

Fortnightly  Review,  Bouquets  for 
the,  14  sq.,  33  sqq.,  41,  .52,  .54,  82 
sq.,  127  sq  ,  15],  176,  194,  214  sq. 

France,  Anatole,  30,  297,  346  sq.,  370, 
391,  410,  4')1  sq.,  497,  518  sq. 

France,  "Birth  control"  in,  42. 

Francis  Borgia,  St.,  An  Auto  Sacra- 
mental by,  7. 

Francis  of  Assisi,  St.,  A  proposed 
Monument  to,  148  sq. 

Fraternal  societies.  Why  they  had  to 
raise  their  rates,  275  sqq.;  Catholic 
vs.   Non-Catholic,  489  sqq. 

Fraternizing  between  Catholics  and 
secret  societies,  316. 

Frazer,  J.  C,  "Folk-lore  in  the  Old 
Testament,"  443  sqq. 

Freemasonry,  Leo  XIII  on,  9  sq.; 
Efforts  to  get  the  ban  lifted  from, 
51 ;  The  Masonic  idea  of  a  League 
of  Nations,  134  sq.;  The  Prot- 
estant attitude  toward,  143;  Am- 
erican and  British  fundamentally 
one,  184,  Mrs.  N.  H.  Webster  on, 
246  sqq.,  272  sq.;  Merchandising 
Masonic  degrees,  278;  May  Cath- 
olics attend  Masonic  functions? 
291  sq.;  The  Catholic  Church  and, 
332;  And  the  Oregon  school  agita- 
tion, 340  sq.,  .363  sq.;  The  "Se- 
cret" of,  355  sq.;  The  Theism  of, 
365;  And  the  K.  K.  K..  401;  A 
Masonic  lodge  in  a  Carthusian 
monastery,  469;  Tending  to  become 
the  universal  religion,  418;  During 
the  War  of  Independence,  492  sq. 

Free  speech,  Test  of,  A,  224;  Imper- 
iled, 291. 

French-Canadians  in  the  U.  S., 
Directory  of,  470. 

Friendship  between  St.  Francis  de 
Sales  and  St.  Jane  Fr.  de  Chantal, 
129. 

Galileo,  Case  of,  318  sq.,  336  sqq. 

Gambling,  365;  In  the  markets,  338 
sq. 

Gary,  An  Open  Letter  to  Judge,  161 
sq.      • 

Gary  Plan,  343. 

Genesis  and  science,  224. 

Geology  and  evolution,  485  sqq. 

Georgia,  An  open  letter  to  the  Gov- 
ernor of,  5  sq.;  Decline  of  bigotry 
in,  231  sqq. 

Germany,  Why  it  refused  the  Pope's 
peace  offer  in  1917,  293  sq.;  Not 
a  Protestant  nation,  332. 

Golgotha,  Adam  interred  on,  470 

Gospel,  The  Lost,  408. 


Gregory  the  Great,   In  defense  of, 

21  sq.,  73  sq.,  193  sq. 
Grey,  Viscount,  Memoirs  of,  425. 
Gummersbach,  Joseph,  23,  29. 
Haggard,  Sir  Rider,  318. 
Haiti,  Uncle  Sam  in,  331. 
Hamilton-Jefferson  Society,  99,  125. 
Hammers,  Old  and  New,  471. 
Hello,  P^re,  171. 
Hennepin,  Louis,  428. 
Higher  Life,  The,  283  sq. 
Hindenburg,  President,  331. 
Hittite;;,  Inscriptions  of  the,  368. 
Holweck,    F.    G.,    "Fasti    Mariani," 

407. 
Holy  Orders,  Can  this  Sacrament  be 

Conferred  by  simple  priests?  170, 

460. 
Homiletic  and  Pastoral  Review,  425 

sq. 
House,  Col.  Edw.  M.,  267. 
Huysmans,  J.  K.,  on  Lourdes,  349. 

Illuminati,  272. 

Immaculate  Conception,  Theology  of, 

260,  321  sqq. 
Immoral  literature,  134. 
Independence  in  Catholic  journalism, 

405  sq. 
Index,  New  books  on  the,  389. 
Indiana,  Religious  education  in,  114 

sq. 
Indians,  Provenience  of  our,  31. 
Indulgences,    Suspension    of    during 
the  Holy  Year  of  Jubilee,  169  sq.; 
"Indulgence"    or    "pardon",   205; 
"A  poena  et  culpa",  213. 
Infidelity,  Progress  of,  460  sq. 
Inquisition,    Nickerson's   History    of 
the,  35  sq.;  Victims  of  the  Roman, 
448  sq. 
Irish,  A  dictionary  of,  317 sq.;  Histor- 
ical Records,  460. 

Irish  Monks,  Early,  100. 

Jackson,  Helen,  229. 

Je  uit  Relations,  520. 

"Jiners",  254,  264. 

Joan  of  Arc,  St.,  267. 

Johner's  "New  School  of  Gregorian 
Chant,"  412. 

Joly,  Henri,  428. 

Journalism,  The  New,  91;  Schools  of, 
254. 

Jubilee,  The  Roman,  213,  268  sq., 
368;     A  pilgrimage  in  1575,  461. 

Kara  Khoto,  124. 

"Kath.  Missionen,"37, 125. 

Kelley,  Bishop  F.  C,  First  pastoral 
letter  of,  75;  Trying  to  live  up  to 
Oklahoma  hints,  112;  His  "Prot- 
estant stomach,"  132. 

Kilmer,  Joyce,  172. 

Knights  of  Columbus;  Fraternizing 
with  secret  societies,  316;  Their 
papers,  .366;  A  J.  C.  Pelletier 
scholarship,  391;  Convention  of 
1925,  432. 

Koch-Preuss  Moral  Theology,  An 
Anglican  review  of,  385  sq.,  400  sq. 

Korea,  Abbot  Norbert  Weber's  book 
on,  476. 

Ku  Klux  Klan,  The  Catholic  press 
and  the,  104;  Mentality  of  the 
average  Klansman  illustrated,  156; 
In  Georgia,  231  sqq.;  Tactics  of, 
255,  256;  and  Freemasonry,  401; 
Fuller's  book  on,  447. 

Lafayette,  a  Freemason,  209  sq.,  245, 
311,  332,  409  sq.,  475. 

Lambert's  "Notes  on  Ingersoll,"  229. 

Latin,  The  study  of,  51,  279,  317;  The 
pronunciation  of,  89;  Latin  songs, 
191;  A  new  dictionary  of  medieval, 
292;  A  Latin  play  at  St.  Edmund's, 
318;  Verses  on  the  Church  Cock, 
524. 

Lawyers,  A  proposed  national  Cath- 
olic organization  of,  257,  281. 

Lay  apostolate.  The,  14. 

Lea,  H.  C.  312. 

League  of  Nations,  The  Masonic 
idea  of  a,  134  sq. 

Leakage,  Our,  174  sq. 

Leclercq,  Dom,  O.  S.  B.,  407 


Leibniz,  New  edition  of  the  works  oi, 

172. 
Leo  XIII  and  Freemasonry,  9  sq. 
Leptis  Magna,  52. 
Liberty   of  thought  in  the  Catholic 

Church,  51  sq. 
Libyan  desert.  Mysteries  of  the,  184. 
Liddell    and    Scott's    Greek-English 

Lexicon,  471. 
Litany,  A  zoological,  40. 
"Literarischer  Handweiser",  124. 
Liturgical  Movement,  The,  146,  212 

sq.,3.32sq. 
Lloyd  George,  319. 
Lodgery,  Ridiculing,  49. 
Loeb,  James,  300. 
"Logia",  The,  in  ancient  and  recent 

literature,  195. 
Lords,  Catholics  in  the  House  of,  113, 
Louisiana  Purchase,  The,  204. 
Loyson,  Hyacinth,  The  last  days  of, 

72. 
McCarthy,  Denis  A.,  139  sq.,  251  sq., 

253. 
Macke,  P.  Samuel,  O.  F.  M.,  427. 
Magazines,  Defects  of  Catholic,  203. 
Magna  Carta,  MSS.  of  the,  6. 
Mail,  Second-class,  31. 
Malines  Conferences,  The,  379. 
Man,  The  history  of,  115  sqq. 
Mann's  "Lives  of  the  Popes",  515. 
"Manresa"  (a  quarterly  review),  172. 
"Manuscript" — the    new    handwrit- 
ing, 314  sq. 
Marasco,  Georges,  The  strange  case 

of,  160. 
Marianhill  Mission,  The,  380. 
Mary,  Bl.  Virgin,  Oldest  feast  of  the, 
205     sq.;     Chandlery's     "Mary's 
Praises",  388;  As  "Mediatrix  om- 
nium gratiarum,"  406,   453;   New 
shrines  of,  447. 
Mass,   The    sacrificial    idea   in   the, 
48,  446;  Lay  participation  in,  145 
sq.,  174;  Participation  in   the,  386 
sq.;  Stipends,  422;  Solemn  papal, 
469  sq. 
Materialization  of  spirits,  268. 
Mayr,  G.  von,  427. 
Medical    apostolate   for   the   foreign 

missions,  355. 
Memory,  Improving  the,  79. 
Meschler,  M.  (S.  J.),  Life  of,  469. 
Michigan     Parochial     School     Cam- 
paign, The,  136  sqq.,  230. 
Miles,  Gen.  Nelson  A.,  2.52. 
Minges's  Compendium  of  Dogmatic 

Theology,  15. 
Mink-Jullien,  Mme.,  254  sq. 
-Miracle.  The,  513. 

Miro,  Gabriel,  "Figures  of  the  Pas- 
sion," 341. 
"Missing  Link,"  The,  133. 
Mission  aid.  The  reorganization  of, 

227. 
Missionary  Spirit,  The,  13,  227. 
Mission  Science,  419. 
Missions,    In    the    Little    Sunda    Is- 
lands,    47;         Reorganization     of 
German  missions  after  the  World 
War,  428  sq. 
Modernism,  71,  213. 
"Moloney  Musical  Stick,"  The,  135. 
Mommsen,    Theo.,    and    Leo    XIII, 

449. 
Monism,  Christian,  26. 
Monotheism    among   primitive   peo- 
ples, 223. 
Montez,  Lola,  78  sq. 
Mother,  The  p  ace  of  the,  159. 
Moving    pictures,    Pornography    in, 

149  sq. 
Mundelein,  Cardinal,  312  sq. 
Mysticii^Ji,  217. 

N.  C.  W.  C.  News  Service,  30  sq., 
269,  3'*0.  391,  420,  431 ,  475. 

Negroes: — Building  a  Colored  priest- 
hood, 27sq.,  57, 187,. 356;  The  Church 
and  slavery,  52;  Methodist  activ- 
ity iniong,  80;  Included  in  Com- 
mutiity  chests,  229.  St.  Monica's 
Nfgro  parish  of  Chicago,  366  sq.; 
Negro  Catholics  and  higher  educa- 
tion, 399  80..  410  sq.,  474  .494  aq. 


528 


THE  FOETNIGHTLY  EEVIEW 


December  1! 


Neo-Pelagianism,  484  sq. 

Newspapers,  Catholics  and  the,  384, 
441  sq. 

Niccne  Council,  16th  centenary  of, 
13:^,  230;  Controverted  questions 
regarding,  268. 

Nobili,  Robert  de,  S.  J..  380  sq. 

"Non-!^eotarianism"  in  schools,  442. 

Nordics,  72. 

Nostradamus,  318. 

No  re  Dame  vs.  Princeton,  24. 

Oberma'er.  Hu^o.  514. 

Old  Testament  census  figures,  Fr. 
Kugler  on,  3S8  sq. 

Orders,  Religious,  A  pupil  of  Ad.  Har- 

I     nack  on.  408. 

Oregon  scliool  campaign,  136,  230 
sq.,  253:  Freemasonry 's  part  in, 
340  sq.,  363  sq. 

O'Toole,  B  ,  Case  against  Evolution, 
411,  431,4.39,  449,  485,  511  sqq. 

Otten,  .Joseph,  49  sq.,  55  sq. 

"Our  Nation's  Prayer,"  28]  sq. 

Ozanani,  Frederick,  Beatification  pro- 
cess of,  230;  A  Life  of,  459. 

Page,  Letters  of  Walter  Hines,  183 
sq. 

Palestrina,  400th  anniversary  of,  213. 

Pan-German  League,  The,  And  the 
World  War,  399. 

Papini,  The  true,  134. 

Parish  schools,  Protestants  on  the 
necessity  of,  11. 

Partisan  propaganda  under  Catholic 
colors.  13,  32  sq.,  55. 

Partisanship,  Political,  among  high 
ecclesiastics,  32  sq.,  55. 

Pastor's  History  of  the  Popes,  435. 

Paul,  St.,  The  spirit  of,  139  sq.;  Mart- 
iniale's  Book  on.  520. 

Paulist  radio  broadcasting  station, 
48,   102  sq.,  148. 

Peace,  .A  proposal  for,  between  Prot- 
estants and  Catholics,  3  sq.;  Am- 
erican Catholics  and  the  peace 
movement.  250  sq.;Cath  lies  and 
world  peace,  419.  The  papal  peace 
offer  of  1917,  439. 

Peking,  The  Catholic  University  of, 
84  sq. 

Pelletier,  .1.  C,  391. 

Penance,  Galtier's  treatise  on,  138. 

Pesch.  Christian,  S.  J.,  Death  of.  254, 

Pesch,  Hy.,  S.  J.,  "Lehrbuch  der 
Natinnalokonomie,"  109. 

Peter,  St.,  Was  he  in  Rome?  424. 

Philatelic  agency   maintained  by  U. 

S.  government,  280. 
Philippines,  The,  A   Mission    inves- 
tigation, 281. 
Philosophy,  Of  the  "As  If",  185  sq.; 

Of  reli.'ion  (Steffes).  349. 
Poems: — "Tears,"  by  Chas.  J.  Quirk, 
S.  J.,  22:  ".ludas,"  by  the  same, 
25;  "Silence,"  by  the  same,  68; 
"St.  Jose))h,"  by  the  same,  91; 
"On  the  Feast  of  the  Purification," 
by  the  same,  92;  "Winter  Storm," 
by  J.  Carson  Miller,  103;  "The 
Day,"  by  Clias.  .1.  Quirk,  S.  J.. 
125;  "Remembered,"  by  .J.  Carson 
Miller,  143:  "Spring,"  by  Rev.  Cfiss. 
J.  Quirk,  S.  J.,  144:  "Grief,"  by 
the  same.  160;  "The  Tower  of 
Antwerp  Cathedral,"  by  the  same, 
190;  The  Sampson  Morn,  by  the 
same,  252;  The  Grottc  de  Han,  bv 
the  same.  273;  The  Tree,  by  the 
same,  303;  Revelation,  bv  Rev. 
L.  M.  Loerkc,  339;  The  Ladder 
of  Heaven,  bv  the  Rev.  B.  F.  Kraus, 
O.  S.  B.,  339;  Dissolution,  by  J. 
Carson  Miller,  365;  In  Notre  Dame 
de  Paris,  bv  the  Rev.  Chas.  J. 
Quirk,  S.  .J.,  383;  Time,  bv  J.  Car- 
son Miller,  463;  Enthralled,  by  the 
Rev.  Chas.  J.  Quirk,  S.  J.,  463; 
Sunset  Song,  by  the  same,  469; 
The  Immaculate  Conception,  by 
the  same,  488;  The  Carpenter  of 
Bethlehem,  hy  the  '^ame,  509;  The 
Wind,  by  the  same.  510. 
Poiiier,  Helen,  The  case  of,  159. 
Poles  in  the  U.  S.,  11  sq, 


Politics,  And  the  Holy  Name  parade,  Sheppard,  Msgr.  J.  A.,  51. 

^^-  Singcnberger,  Otto,  312  sq. 

'Possible,"  The,  in    Scholastic  phil-  Social    problems,    The   Church   and 

osophy,  148,  193,  214.  3.56. 

Postal  rates.  Our  crazy,  292.  Societies,  Selfishness  of  Catholic,  204. 

Predestination,    A    new    attempt    to  Society  of  the  Divine  Word,  Jubilee 

solve  the  problem  of,  210  sq.  of,  27. 

Prejudices,    Now    and    Then,   P.   H.  Spice,  A  Sprinkle  of,  20,  40,  64,  88 

Callahan  on,  163  sqq.  112,  132,  1.56,  180,  200,  220,  240' 

Press,  The  Catholic,  Benedict  Elder  264,  288,  306,  3.52,  376,  396    416 


436,  456,  480,  502,  524. 
Spiritism,  268,  452. 


on,  269  sqq.,  384;    A.  J.  Beck  on, 

345  sq.  ,     ^ 

Preuschen's   "Handwoerterbuch"    of  Stars,  The  Gospel  and  the,  213 

N.  T.  Greek,  343  sq.  State,  Catholics  and  the,  25. 

Preuss,  Arthur,    "The  James  Britten  State   universities.    Catholic   attend 

of   America,"    54,    see   also  Foht-  ance  at,  133  sq.,  257  sq.,  301  sqq 

NIGHTLY   Review;     A   novel   built  Statistics,  Catholic,  223  eq.,  253. 

up  on  his  "Study  in  American  Free-  "Stimmen  der  Zeit,"  62,  124  sq. 


masonry,"  196;  Co-author  of  "A 
Handbook  of  Moral  Theology," 
385,  400  sq.;  Independence  of,  as 
editor,  405  sq. 

Preuss,  Dr.  Edward,  388. 

Primacy,  Papal,  Institution  of  the, 
76  sq. 

Printing,  Invention  of,  104,  173  .=q. 

Procopius,  St.,  Abbey,  483. 

Prohibition,  Dr.  J.  A.  Ryan  on,  173. 

Protestant  Encyclopedia,  A  pro- 
Ijosed,  147. 

Pruemmer's    Moral    Theology,    152. 

Psychiatric  study  of  conduct  prob- 
lems, 381  sqq.,  403  sqq. 

"Psychic  bath"  for  school  children, 
390  sq. 

Psychoanalysis,  312,  472. 

Public  life,  Catholic  principles  in 
364  sq. 

Pugilists,  Catholic,  53. 

Radio,  The,  in  the  service  of  religion, 
48,  102  sq.,  148,  344,  391;  Listen- 
ing in  at  heretical  worship,  278; 
Abuse  of,  471. 

"Rationes  seminales"  of  St.  August- 
ine, 408. 

Religion,  The,  of  tomorrow,  440  sq. 

Revolution,  New  light  on  the,  421  sq. 

Riff  campaign  in  Morocco,  331  sq. 

Roman  ^Iartyrology,  245,  428. 

Roman  Ritual,  New  edition  of.  341. 

Roosevelt,    Theo.,   On    the   Catholic 


Stoddard,  John  L.,  492 
Strambi,  Bl.  Vincenzo,  255. 
''Stunt"  journalism  in  the  Catholic 

press,  420. 
Subdiaconate,    The,   revived   among 

Anglicans,  426. 
Tendency,  A  dangerous  in'devotional 

matters,  450  sq.,  497. 
Tennessee   case,   Tne,   274   sq.,   341, 

358  sqq.,  369  sq. 
Theosophists,  The  "Coming  Christ" 

of  the,  8. 
Th6r6se  of  Lisieux,  St.,  245,  253,  450 

sq.,  515. 
Thirteenth     Century,     Was    it    the 

greatest   of   centuries?   234   sqq. 
Thomas,  St.,  Reading  his  works,  12 

An  alleged  utterance  of,  52;  The 

Leonine  Edition  of  his  works,  53 

Autograph      of    the    "Summa     c 

Gentiles,"  104;  The  Philosophy  of, 

111;  Bibliographic  Thomiste,  448, 

515 
Thome,  Guy,  460. 
"Times,"  The  London,  An  interesting 

journalistic  experiment,  227  sq. 
Tolerance,  Religious,  461  sqq. 
Translation,  Difficulties  of,  88. 
Tyler,  President,  The  Catholic  wife 

of,  77,  103. 
Typewriter,  Inventor  of  the,  114, 
Unknown   Soldier,   Cult   of  the,   28, 

212,  389  sq. 
religion,    79;    His    correspondence    Ur  of  the  Chaldees,  Excavations  at, 
with  Lodge,  298.  89. 

Rousselot,  Canon  Pierre,  77.  Vaihinger,  Hans,  185  sq. 

Rouvier,  Rev.  Frederick,  S.  J.,  347.    Vassar,  A  scholarship  to,  419  sq 
Rule  of  faith.  The,  in  the  first  two    Vedanta,  The,  And  Christianity,  400 
cerituries   9.  Venial  Sin,  A  treatise  on  the  nature 

Rural  problem.  The,  223.  Qf_  145  sq. 

Ryan-Callahan    profit-sharing    plan,    Vero't,  Diary  of  Bishop,  244  sq 


77  sq. 

Sabatini,  Rafael,  On  the  Spanish  In- 
quisition,  184. 

Sacred  Heart  Parish,  Indianapolis, 
Ind.,  317. 

Sadhu  Sundar  Singh,  317.  3S7. 

St.  Louis  Book  Authors,  191. 

Saints,  Tellinsr  the  truth  about  the, 
466  sqq.,  517  sq. 

Santa  Claus  Cult.  The,  510. 

Scheler,  ]Ma.x,  His  philosophy  of  relig- 
ion, 409. 

Schismatics  of  the  Near  East,  Efforts 
to  Convert  the,  114;  Persecution  of, 
146. 

Schlatter,  Francis,  426. 

Scholars  and  scholarship,  464  sqq. 

Scholasticism  and  modern  thought, 
299  sq. 

Scotism  and  the  Neo-Scholastic  revi- 
val, 432  sq. 

Seal  of  Confession,  History  of  the, 
147,  387  sq 


Vincent  Ferrer,  St.,   And   the  Great 

Schism,  446. 
Virgil,  279. 

Virgin  Birth,  The,  147. 
Vocation,  The  question   of,    58,  291 
Voliva,  W.  G.,  10,  48. 
Walsh,  James  J.,  Review  of  his  book 

on    the   Thirteenth    Century,   234 

sqq. 
Webster,  Mrs.  Nesta  H.,  246  sqq. 
Wegener's  theory  of  the  formation  of 

the  earth's  surface,  319  sq. 
Wehrle,  Bishop,  Open  Letter  to  Judge 

Garv.  161  sq. 
Weiss,  Albert  iM.  (O.  P.),  414. 
Western  Catholic  Union,  191. 
Wheat  flour  for  hosts,  407. 
Wiener,  Norbert,  251. 
Wine  for  sacramental  purposes,  170 

sq. 
Wittig,  Dr.  Jos.,  Books  on  the  In- 
dex, 440. 
Woodlock,  The  Case  of  Thos.  F..  193, 


Secret  societies,  iMencken's  review  of    Woodmen,    Catholics    and    the,    27 


Preuss'  Dictionary  of,  225  sq.; 
The  Church  and,  244;  Mrs.  Web- 
ster's books  on,  246  sqq.,  272  sq., 
295  sq.;  The  Lutheran  attitude 
on.  298,  368;  Catholics  fraternizing 
with,  366. 

Seeds,  Blessing  of,  124. 

"Selling  religion,"  311  sq. 

Sentinelle,  La.  30  sq. 

Sex  at  choice,  447. 


sq. 

World  Court,  The  proposed,  299. 

World  politics.  Catholic  study  of, 
267  sq. 

World  War,  Investigating  the  causes 
of  the,  90  sq.,  100;  Doctoring  the 
documents,  183  sq.;  Viscount  Grey 
on  the  causes  of,  425;  Deliberate 
lying  in,  459  sq. 

Y.  M.  C.  A..  The.  In  the  Orient, 


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